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Liu D, Zhao Q, Tu Z, Zhang S, Deng S, Xiong Z, Zeng J, Wu F, Zhang X, Xing B. Inhibitory effects of black phosphorus nanosheets on tumor cell proliferation through downregulation of ADIPOQ and downstream signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:110994. [PMID: 38582339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants, including nanomaterials, has a significant impact on tumor progression. The increased demand for black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs), driven by their exceptional properties, raises concerns about potential environmental contamination. Assessing their toxicity on tumor growth is essential. Herein, we employed a range of biological techniques, including cytotoxicity measurement, bioinformatics tools, proteomics, target gene overexpression, Western blot analysis, and apoptosis detection, to investigate the toxicity of BPNSs across A549, HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cell lines. Our results demonstrated that BPNSs downregulated the expression of ADIPOQ and its associated downstream pathways, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and other unidentified pathways. These downregulated pathways ultimately led to mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Notably, the specific downstream pathways involved varied depending on the type of tumors. These insightful findings not only confirm the consistent inhibitory effects of BPNSs across different tumor cells, but also elucidate the cytotoxicity mechanisms of BPNSs in different tumors, providing valuable information for their safe application and health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhaoxu Tu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuo Deng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 0100, USA
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2
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Gualtieri AF, Cocchi M, Muniz-Miranda F, Pedone A, Castellini E, Strani L. Iron nuclearity in mineral fibres: Unravelling the catalytic activity for predictive modelling of toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134004. [PMID: 38521041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation induced in vivo by mineral fibres, such as asbestos, is sustained by the cyclic formation of cytotoxic/genotoxic oxidant species that are catalysed by iron. High catalytic activity is observed when iron atoms are isolated in the crystal lattice (nuclearity=1), whereas the catalytic activity is expected to be reduced or null when iron forms clusters of higher nuclearity. This study presents a novel approach for systematically measuring iron nuclearity across a large range of iron-containing standards and mineral fibres of social and economic importance, and for quantitatively assessing the relation between nuclearity and toxicity. The multivariate curve resolution (MCR) empirical approach and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied to the analysis of UV-Vis spectra to obtain information on the nature of iron and nuclearity. This approach led to the determination of the nuclearity of selected mineral fibres which was subsequently used to calculate a toxicity-related index. High nuclearity-related toxicity was estimated for chrysotile samples, fibrous glaucophane, asbestos tremolite, and fibrous wollastonite. Intermediate values of toxicity, corresponding to a mean nuclearity of 2, were assigned to actinolite asbestos, amosite, and crocidolite. Finally, a low nuclearity-related toxicity parameter, corresponding to an iron-cluster with a lower catalytic power to produce oxidants, was assigned to asbestos anthophyllite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro F Gualtieri
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, 41125, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Marina Cocchi
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, 41125, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Muniz-Miranda
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, 41125, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Pedone
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, 41125, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Castellini
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, 41125, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Strani
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, 41125, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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3
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Devoy J, Al-Abed S, Cerdan B, Cho WS, Dubuc D, Flahaut E, Grenier K, Grossmann S, Gulumian M, Jeong J, Kim BW, Laycock A, Lee JS, Smith R, Yang M, Yu IJ, Zhang M, Cosnier F. Analysis of carbon nanotube levels in organic matter: an inter-laboratory comparison to determine best practice. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:214-228. [PMID: 38557361 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2331683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are increasingly being used in industrial applications, but their toxicological data in animals and humans are still sparse. To assess the toxicological dose-response of CNTs and to evaluate their pulmonary biopersistence, their quantification in tissues, especially lungs, is crucial. There are currently no reference methods or reference materials for low levels of CNTs in organic matter. Among existing analytical methods, few have been fully and properly validated. To remedy this, we undertook an inter-laboratory comparison on samples of freeze-dried pig lung, ground and doped with CNTs. Eight laboratories were enrolled to analyze 3 types of CNTs at 2 concentration levels each in this organic matrix. Associated with the different analysis techniques used (specific to each laboratory), sample preparation may or may not have involved prior digestion of the matrix, depending on the analysis technique and the material being analyzed. Overall, even challenging, laboratories' ability to quantify CNT levels in organic matter is demonstrated. However, CNT quantification is often overestimated. Trueness analysis identified effective methods, but systematic errors persisted for some. Choosing the assigned value proved complex. Indirect analysis methods, despite added steps, outperform direct methods. The study emphasizes the need for reference materials, enhanced precision, and organized comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Devoy
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, CS, France
| | - Souhail Al-Abed
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Cerdan
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CIRIMAT, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse INP, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - David Dubuc
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse INP, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Katia Grenier
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Grossmann
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, CS, France
| | - Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health (NIOH), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Boo Wook Kim
- Korea Worker's Compensation & Welfare Service, Occupational Environment Research Institute, Icheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Adam Laycock
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Jong Seong Lee
- Aerosol Toxicology Research Center, HCTM, Icheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Rachel Smith
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Mei Yang
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Il Je Yu
- Aerosol Toxicology Research Center, HCTM, Icheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Minfang Zhang
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Frédéric Cosnier
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, CS, France
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4
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Yamini V, Shanmugam V, Rameshpathy M, Venkatraman G, Ramanathan G, Al Garalleh H, Hashmi A, Brindhadevi K, Devi Rajeswari V. Environmental effects and interaction of nanoparticles on beneficial soil and aquatic microorganisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116776. [PMID: 37517486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A steadily increasing production volume of nanoparticles reflects their numerous industrial and domestic applications. These economic successes come with the potential adverse effects on natural systems that are associated with their presence in the environment. Biological activities and effects of nanoparticles are affected by their entry method together with their specificities like their size, shape, charge, area, and chemical composition. Particles can be classified as safe or dangerous depending on their specific properties. As both aquatic and terrestrial systems suffer from organic and inorganic contamination, nanoparticles remain a sink for these contaminants. Researching the sources, synthesis, fate, and toxicity of nanoparticles has advanced significantly during the last ten years. We summarise nanoparticle pathways throughout the ecosystem and their interactions with beneficial microorganisms in this research. The prevalence of nanoparticles in the ecosystem causes beneficial microorganisms to become hazardous to their cells, which prevents the synthesis of bioactive molecules from undergoing molecular modifications and diminishes the microbe population. Recently, observed concentrations in the field could support predictions of ambient concentrations based on modeling methodologies. The aim is to illustrate the beneficial and negative effects that nanoparticles have on aqueous and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as the methods utilized to reduce their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yamini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatkumar Shanmugam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Rameshpathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hakim Al Garalleh
- Department of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Dahban, Jeddah, 21361, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hashmi
- Architectural Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology - Dahban, Jeddah, 21361, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140103, India.
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Gupta SS, Singh KP, Gupta S, Dusinska M, Rahman Q. Do Carbon Nanotubes and Asbestos Fibers Exhibit Common Toxicity Mechanisms? NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101708. [PMID: 35630938 PMCID: PMC9145953 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades several nanoscale materials were engineered for industrial and medical applications. Among them carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the most exploited nanomaterials with global production of around 1000 tons/year. Besides several commercial benefits of CNTs, the fiber-like structures and their bio-persistency in lung tissues raise serious concerns about the possible adverse human health effects resembling those of asbestos fibers. In this review, we present a comparative analysis between CNTs and asbestos fibers using the following four parameters: (1) fibrous needle-like shape, (2) bio-persistent nature, (3) high surface to volume ratio and (4) capacity to adsorb toxicants/pollutants on the surface. We also compare mechanisms underlying the toxicity caused by certain diameters and lengths of CNTs and asbestos fibers using downstream pathways associated with altered gene expression data from both asbestos and CNT exposure. Our results suggest that indeed certain types of CNTs are emulating asbestos fiber as far as associated toxicity is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Smita Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.G.); (K.P.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Krishna P. Singh
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.G.); (K.P.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.S.G.); (K.P.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway;
| | - Qamar Rahman
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow 226028, India
- Correspondence:
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6
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7
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Taylor-Just AJ, Ihrie MD, Duke KS, Lee HY, You DJ, Hussain S, Kodali VK, Ziemann C, Creutzenberg O, Vulpoi A, Turcu F, Potara M, Todea M, van den Brule S, Lison D, Bonner JC. The pulmonary toxicity of carboxylated or aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes in mice is determined by the prior purification method. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:60. [PMID: 33243293 PMCID: PMC7690083 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhalation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) poses a potential risk to human health. In order to safeguard workers and consumers, the toxic properties of MWCNTs need to be identified. Functionalization has been shown to either decrease or increase MWCNT-related pulmonary injury, depending on the type of modification. We, therefore, investigated both acute and chronic pulmonary toxicity of a library of MWCNTs derived from a common pristine parent compound (NC7000). Methods MWCNTs were thermally or chemically purified and subsequently surface functionalized by carboxylation or amination. To evaluate pulmonary toxicity, male C57BL6 mice were dosed via oropharyngeal aspiration with either 1.6 or 4 mg/kg of each MWCNT type. Mitsui-7 MWCNT was used as a positive control. Necropsy was performed at days 3 and 60 post-exposure to collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs. Results At day 3 all MWCNTs increased the number of neutrophils in BALF. Chemical purification had a greater effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1) in BALF, while thermal purification had a greater effect on pro-fibrotic cytokines (CCL2, OPN, TGF-β1). At day 60, thermally purified, carboxylated MWCNTs had the strongest effect on lymphocyte numbers in BALF. Thermally purified MWCNTs caused the greatest increase in LDH and total protein in BALF. Furthermore, the thermally purified and carboxyl- or amine-functionalized MWCNTs caused the greatest number of granulomatous lesions in the lungs. The physicochemical characteristics mainly associated with increased toxicity of the thermally purified derivatives were decreased surface defects and decreased amorphous content as indicated by Raman spectroscopy. Conclusions These data demonstrate that the purification method is an important determinant of lung toxicity induced by carboxyl- and amine-functionalized MWCNTs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-020-00390-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia J Taylor-Just
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Mark D Ihrie
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Katherine S Duke
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Ho Young Lee
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Dorothy J You
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Salik Hussain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Vamsi K Kodali
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Christina Ziemann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adriana Vulpoi
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Flaviu Turcu
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Potara
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Milica Todea
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sybille van den Brule
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - James C Bonner
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
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Sheikhpour M, Naghinejad M, Kasaeian A, Lohrasbi A, Shahraeini SS, Zomorodbakhsh S. The Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer: A Critical Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7063-7078. [PMID: 33061368 PMCID: PMC7522408 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s263238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of timely diagnosis and the complete treatment of lung cancer for many people with this deadly disease daily increases due to its high mortality. Diagnosis and treatment with helping the nanoparticles are useful, although they have reasonable harms. This article points out that the side effects of using carbon nanotube (CNT) in this disease treatment process such as inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis are very problematic. Toxicity can reduce to some extent using the techniques such as functionalizing to proper dimensions as a longer length, more width, and greater curvature. The targeted CNT sensors can be connected to various modified vapors. In this regard, with helping this method, screening makes non-invasive diagnosis possible. Researchers have also found that nanoparticles such as CNTs could be used as carriers to direct drug delivery, especially with chemotherapy drugs. Most of these carriers were multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) used for cancerous cell targeting. The results of laboratory and animal researches in the field of diagnosis and treatment became very desirable and hopeful. The collection of researches summarized has highlighted the requirement for a detailed assessment which includes CNT dose, duration, method of induction, etc., to achieve the most controlled conditions for animal and human studies. In the discussion section, 4 contradictory issues are discussed which are invited researchers to do more research to get clearer results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Sheikhpour
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Naghinejad
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alibakhsh Kasaeian
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armaghan Lohrasbi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Sadegh Shahraeini
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Zomorodbakhsh
- Department of Chemistry, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran
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9
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Devoy J, Nunge H, Bonfanti E, Seidel C, Gaté L, Cosnier F. Quantitative measurement of carbon nanotubes in rat lung. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:1227-1240. [PMID: 32909484 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1814439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite their numerous possible applications, the potential impact of carbon engineered nanomaterials (CEN) on human health, especially after inhalation exposure, is still questioned. Quantification of CEN in the respiratory system is a recurring issue and deposition and pulmonary biopersistence data are essential for toxicological evaluation. In this context, a fully validated standard method for CEN quantification in lung tissue is therefore imperative. The present method, based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 5040 method for atmospheric elemental and organic carbon analysis as well as on previous developments on biological matrices, involves a simple thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of lyophilized samples, possibly preceded by a step of chemical digestion of the tissues depending on the nature of CEN investigated. The analytical method was validated for 4 CEN (carbon black as well as 3 long and thick or short and thin carbon nanotubes) for selectivity, linearity, detection and quantification limits, bias, and within-batch and between-batch precision. Calibration curves show linearity in the range of 1-40 mg/g lyophilized lung. Limits of detection for the different CEN range from 6 to 18 µg in 20 mg dry test sample. On average, within-batch precision was kept below 20 and 10% for analysis with or without a prior digestion step, respectively, whereas the corresponding between-batch precision levels reached almost 20 and 15%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to toxicological investigations for the quantitative analysis of CEN contents in rat lung exposed by inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Devoy
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Hervé Nunge
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Elodie Bonfanti
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Carole Seidel
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Gaté
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Frédéric Cosnier
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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10
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Barosova H, Karakocak BB, Septiadi D, Petri-Fink A, Stone V, Rothen-Rutishauser B. An In Vitro Lung System to Assess the Proinflammatory Hazard of Carbon Nanotube Aerosols. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155335. [PMID: 32727099 PMCID: PMC7432093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro three-dimensional (3D) lung cell models have been thoroughly investigated in recent years and provide a reliable tool to assess the hazard associated with nanomaterials (NMs) released into the air. In this study, a 3D lung co-culture model was optimized to assess the hazard potential of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which is known to provoke inflammation and fibrosis, critical adverse outcomes linked to acute and prolonged NM exposure. The lung co-cultures were exposed to MWCNTs at the air-liquid interface (ALI) using the VITROCELL® Cloud system while considering realistic occupational exposure doses. The co-culture model was composed of three human cell lines: alveolar epithelial cells (A549), fibroblasts (MRC-5), and macrophages (differentiated THP-1). The model was exposed to two types of MWCNTs (Mitsui-7 and Nanocyl) at different concentrations (2–10 μg/cm2) to assess the proinflammatory as well as the profibrotic responses after acute (24 h, one exposure) and prolonged (96 h, repeated exposures) exposure cycles. The results showed that acute or prolonged exposure to different concentrations of the tested MWCNTs did not induce cytotoxicity or apparent profibrotic response; however, suggested the onset of proinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Barosova
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (H.B.); (B.B.K.); (D.S.); (A.P.-F.)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bedia Begum Karakocak
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (H.B.); (B.B.K.); (D.S.); (A.P.-F.)
| | - Dedy Septiadi
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (H.B.); (B.B.K.); (D.S.); (A.P.-F.)
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (H.B.); (B.B.K.); (D.S.); (A.P.-F.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Vicki Stone
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK;
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (H.B.); (B.B.K.); (D.S.); (A.P.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-26-300-9502
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11
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Barosova H, Maione AG, Septiadi D, Sharma M, Haeni L, Balog S, O'Connell O, Jackson GR, Brown D, Clippinger AJ, Hayden P, Petri-Fink A, Stone V, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Use of EpiAlveolar Lung Model to Predict Fibrotic Potential of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3941-3956. [PMID: 32167743 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Expansion in production and commercial use of nanomaterials increases the potential human exposure during the lifecycle of these materials (production, use, and disposal). Inhalation is a primary route of exposure to nanomaterials; therefore it is critical to assess their potential respiratory hazard. Herein, we developed a three-dimensional alveolar model (EpiAlveolar) consisting of human primary alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, with or without macrophages for predicting long-term responses to aerosols. Following thorough characterization of the model, proinflammatory and profibrotic responses based on the adverse outcome pathway concept for lung fibrosis were assessed upon repeated subchronic exposures (up to 21 days) to two types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silica quartz particles. We simulate occupational exposure doses for the MWCNTs (1-30 μg/cm2) using an air-liquid interface exposure device (VITROCELL Cloud) with repeated exposures over 3 weeks. Specific key events leading to lung fibrosis, such as barrier integrity and release of proinflammatory and profibrotic markers, show the responsiveness of the model. Nanocyl induced, in general, a less pronounced reaction than Mitsui-7, and the cultures with human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) showed the proinflammatory response at later time points than those without MDMs. In conclusion, we present a robust alveolar model to predict inflammatory and fibrotic responses upon exposure to MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Barosova
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anna G Maione
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721, United States
| | - Dedy Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Monita Sharma
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL, U.K
| | - Laetitia Haeni
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Olivia O'Connell
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721, United States
| | - George R Jackson
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721, United States
| | - David Brown
- Nano-Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Amy J Clippinger
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL, U.K
| | - Patrick Hayden
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721, United States
- BioSurfaces, Inc., 200 Homer Ave, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721, United States
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Vicki Stone
- Nano-Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
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12
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Functional effects of differentially expressed microRNAs in A549 cells exposed to MWCNT-7 or crocidolite. Toxicol Lett 2020; 328:7-18. [PMID: 32311379 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are engineered nanomaterials widely used in industrial and biomedical applications. Yet, MWCNT inhalation may induce pulmonary adverse effects, and the MWCNT-7 (Mitsui-7) has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. However, its molecular mechanisms of action are poorly understood and there are no biomarkers of exposure for occupational monitoring. Several pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer, have been associated with alterations in microRNA expression that are used as biomarkers of disease progression, and differentially-expressed microRNAs (DE miRNAs) can also allow understanding the molecular effects induced by a toxicant. In this study, we identify DE miRNAs in A549 alveolar epithelial cells following 24 h exposure to MWCNT-7 or crocidolite, as well as their enriched cellular functional pathways. These indicate that both materials change cell survival, differentiation and proliferative properties under the influence of AMPK, FoxO, TGF-β and Hippo pathways, and their metabolic activity and cell-to-cell communication. In addition, MWCNT-7 affects the actin cytoskeleton, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, and ECM-receptor interactions; crocidolite the PI3K-Akt and mTOR pathways, endocytosis, and central carbon metabolism. Since deregulation of these pathways may be related to carcinogenesis, an interaction network of DE miRNAs and corresponding target cancer-related genes was constructed, highlighting the carcinogenic potential of Mitsui-7.
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13
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Samadian H, Salami MS, Jaymand M, Azarnezhad A, Najafi M, Barabadi H, Ahmadi A. Genotoxicity assessment of carbon-based nanomaterials; Have their unique physicochemical properties made them double-edged swords? MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 783:108296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Azari MR, Mohammadian Y, Peirovi H, Omidi M, Khodagholi F, Pourahmad J, Mehrabi Y, Rafieepour A. Antagonistic effect of co-exposure to short-multiwalled carbon nanotubes and benzo[a]pyrene in human lung cells (A549). Toxicol Ind Health 2019; 35:445-456. [PMID: 31244407 DOI: 10.1177/0748233719854570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In theenvironment, co-exposure to short-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (S-MWCNTs) and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) has been reported. In the co-exposure condition, the adsorption of PAHs onto MWCNTs may reduce PAHs toxic effect. The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of S-MWCNTs and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) individually, and in combination in human lung cell lines (A549). The adsorption of B[a]P onto MWCNTs was measured spectrometrically. In vitro toxicity was assessed through cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) generation experiments. The S-MWCNTs demonstrated cytotoxicity through the generation of ROS, apoptosis, and 8-OHdG in A549 cells. Co-exposure to S-MWCNTs and B[a]P demonstrated a significant reduction in ROS generation and apoptosis compared with the sum of their separate toxic effects at the same concentrations. Decreasing the bioavailability of B[a]P by MWCNT interaction is the probable reason for the antagonistic effects of the co-exposure condition. The findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the health effects of co-exposures to air pollutants and could be a starting point for modifying future health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Rezazadeh Azari
- 1 School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Mohammadian
- 2 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habibollah Peirovi
- 3 Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Omidi
- 4 Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- 5 Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- 6 Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Mehrabi
- 1 School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Athena Rafieepour
- 1 School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Snyder-Talkington BN, Dong C, Castranova V, Qian Y, Guo NL. Differential gene regulation in human small airway epithelial cells grown in monoculture versus coculture with human microvascular endothelial cells following multiwalled carbon nanotube exposure. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:482-488. [PMID: 31194188 PMCID: PMC6554470 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coculture gene expression may have opposite direction of changes than monoculture. Cells grow and treated in monoculture may exaggerate toxicological responses. Coculture of cells may provide a more in-depth assessment of toxicological responses.
Concurrent with rising production of carbon-based engineered nanomaterials is a potential increase in respiratory and cardiovascular diseases due to exposure to nanomaterials in the workplace atmosphere. While single-cell models of pulmonary exposure are often used to determine the potential toxicity of nanomaterials in vitro, previous studies have shown that coculture cell models better represent the cellular response and crosstalk that occurs in vivo. This study identified differential gene regulation in human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) grown either in monoculture or in coculture with human microvascular endothelial cells following exposure of the SAECs to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). SAEC genes that either changed their regulation direction from upregulated in monoculture to downregulated in coculture (or vice versa) or had a more than a two-fold changed in the same regulation direction were identified. Genes that changed regulation direction were most often involved in the processes of cellular growth and proliferation and cellular immune response and inflammation. Genes that had a more than a two-fold change in regulation in the same direction were most often involved in the inflammatory response. The direction and fold-change of this differential gene regulation suggests that toxicity testing in monoculture may exaggerate cellular responses to MWCNTs, and coculture of cells may provide a more in-depth assessment of toxicological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi N Snyder-Talkington
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States
| | - Chunlin Dong
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States
| | - Yong Qian
- National Institute for Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV, 26505, United States
| | - Nancy L Guo
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States
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16
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Emerce E, Ghosh M, Öner D, Duca RC, Vanoirbeek J, Bekaert B, Hoet PHM, Godderis L. Carbon Nanotube- and Asbestos-Induced DNA and RNA Methylation Changes in Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:850-860. [PMID: 30990028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanoscale tube-shaped carbon materials used in many industrial areas. Their fiber shape has caused concerns about their toxicity given their structural similarity with asbestos. The aim here was to elucidate the effect of CNTs and asbestos exposure on global DNA and RNA methylation and the methylation of genes associated with cell cycle, inflammation, and DNA damage processes in human lung cells. Human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-) were exposed for 24 h to 25 and 100 μg/mL CNTs (single-walled CNTs [SWCNTs] and multiwalled CNTs [MWCNTs]) and 2.5 μg/mL asbestos (chrysotile, amosite, and crocidolite). Global DNA and RNA (hydroxy)methylation to cytosines was measured by a validated liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry method. Global RNA methylation to adenines was measured by a colorimetric ELISA-like assay. Gene-specific DNA methylation status at certain cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A ( CDKN1A), serine/threonine kinase ( ATM), and TNF receptor-associated factor 2 ( TRAF2) were analyzed by using bisulfite pyrosequencing technology. Only MWCNT-exposed cells showed significant global DNA hypomethylation of cytosine and global RNA hypomethylation of adenosine. SWCNT, MWCNT, and amosite exposure decreased DNA methylation of CDKN1A. ATM methylation was affected by chrysotile, SWCNT, and MWCNT. However, SWCNT exposure led to DNA hypermethylation of TRAF2. These findings contribute to further understanding of the effect of CNTs on different carcinogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Emerce
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium.,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gazi University , 06560 Ankara , Turkey
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Deniz Öner
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Radu-Corneliu Duca
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Bram Bekaert
- Forensic Biomedical Sciences, Department of Imaging and Pathology , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics and Molecular Archaeology , University Hospitals Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Peter H M Hoet
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium.,External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work , IDEWE , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
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17
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Hilton G, Barosova H, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Bereman M. Leveraging proteomics to compare submerged versus air-liquid interface carbon nanotube exposure to a 3D lung cell model. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 54:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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18
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Kane AB, Hurt RH, Gao H. The asbestos-carbon nanotube analogy: An update. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 361:68-80. [PMID: 29960000 PMCID: PMC6298811 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging industry based on commercialization of materials with one or more dimensions of 100 nm or less. Engineered nanomaterials are currently incorporated into thin films, porous materials, liquid suspensions, or filler/matrix nanocomposites with future applications predicted in energy and catalysis, microelectronics, environmental sensing and remediation, and nanomedicine. Carbon nanotubes are one-dimensional fibrous nanomaterials that physically resemble asbestos fibers. Toxicologic studies in rodents demonstrated that some types of carbon nanotubes can induce mesothelioma, and the World Health Organization evaluated long, rigid multiwall carbon nanotubes as possibly carcinogenic for humans in 2014. This review summarizes key physicochemical similarities and differences between asbestos fibers and carbon nanotubes. The "fiber pathogenicity paradigm" has been extended to include carbon nanotubes as well as other high-aspect-ratio fibrous nanomaterials including metallic nanowires. This paradigm identifies width, length, and biopersistence of high-aspect-ratio fibrous nanomaterials as critical determinants of lung disease, including mesothelioma, following inhalation. Based on recent theoretical modeling studies, a fourth factor, mechanical bending stiffness, will be considered as predictive of potential carcinogenicity. Novel three-dimensional lung tissue platforms provide an opportunity for in vitro screening of a wide range of high aspect ratio fibrous nanomaterials for potential lung toxicity prior to commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes B Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Robert H Hurt
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Providence, RI, United States
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19
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes have been attracting considerable interest among material scientists, physicists, chemists, and engineers for almost 30 years. Owing to their high aspect ratio, coupled with remarkable mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties, carbon nanotubes have found application in diverse fields. In this review, we will cover the work on carbon nanotubes used for sensing applications. In particular, we will see examples where carbon nanotubes act as main players in devices sensing biomolecules, gas, light or pressure changes. Furthermore, we will discuss how to improve the performance of carbon nanotube-based sensors after proper modification.
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20
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Ventura C, Sousa-Uva A, Lavinha J, Silva MJ. Conventional and novel “omics”-based approaches to the study of carbon nanotubes pulmonary toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:334-362. [PMID: 29481700 DOI: 10.1002/em.22177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Célia Ventura
- Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA); Lisboa Portugal
- Departamento de Saúde Ocupacional e Ambiental; Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL); Lisboa Portugal
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL; Lisboa Portugal
| | - António Sousa-Uva
- Departamento de Saúde Ocupacional e Ambiental; Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL); Lisboa Portugal
- CISP - Public Health Research Center; Lisboa Portugal
| | - João Lavinha
- Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA); Lisboa Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA); Lisboa Portugal
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL; Lisboa Portugal
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21
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Xia Z, He J, Li B, He K, Yang W, Chen X, Zhang J, Xiang G. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce mitochondria-associated apoptosis in HepG2 cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31764-31776. [PMID: 35548213 PMCID: PMC9085782 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread applications of nanosized materials over the past decade have prompted investigations of desirable properties and potential hazards to humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Xia
- Department of General Surgery
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jingliang He
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Foshan 528300
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bowei Li
- Department of General Surgery
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ke He
- Department of General Surgery
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbing Yang
- Department of General Surgery
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University
- Xi'an 710004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxun Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery
- The Guigang City People's Hospital
- Guigang
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqian Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guoan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- People's Republic of China
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22
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Ghosh M, Öner D, Poels K, Tabish AM, Vlaanderen J, Pronk A, Kuijpers E, Lan Q, Vermeulen R, Bekaert B, Hoet PH, Godderis L. Changes in DNA methylation induced by multi-walled carbon nanotube exposure in the workplace. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:1195-1210. [PMID: 29191063 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1406169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the epigenetic alterations in blood cells, induced by occupational exposure to multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The study population comprised of MWCNT-exposed workers (n=24) and unexposed controls (n=43) from the same workplace. We measured global DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation levels on the 5th cytosine residues using a validated liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Sequence-specific methylation of LINE1 retrotransposable element 1 (L1RE1) elements, and promoter regions of functionally important genes associated with epigenetic regulation [DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4)], DNA damage/repair and cell cycle pathways [nuclear protein, coactivator of histone transcription/ATM serine/threonine kinase (NPAT/ATM)], and a potential transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) repressor [SKI proto-oncogene (SKI)] were studied using bisulfite pyrosequencing. Analysis of global DNA methylation levels and hydroxymethylation did not reveal significant difference between the MWCNT-exposed and control groups. No significant changes in Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine (CpG) site methylation were observed for the LINE1 (L1RE1) elements. Further analysis of gene-specific DNA methylation showed a significant change in methylation for DNMT1, ATM, SKI, and HDAC4 promoter CpGs in MWCNT-exposed workers. Since DNA methylation plays an important role in silencing/regulation of the genes, and many of these genes have been associated with occupational and smoking-induced diseases and cancer (risk), aberrant methylation of these genes might have a potential effect in MWCNT-exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manosij Ghosh
- a Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment & Health , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Deniz Öner
- a Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment & Health , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Katrien Poels
- a Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment & Health , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Ali M Tabish
- a Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment & Health , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- b Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Anjoeka Pronk
- c TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research , Zeist , The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Kuijpers
- c TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research , Zeist , The Netherlands
| | - Qing Lan
- d Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- b Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Bram Bekaert
- e Department of Forensic Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics and Molecular Archaeology , University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Peter Hm Hoet
- a Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment & Health , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- a Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment & Health , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,f External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work , Idewe , Heverlee , Belgium
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23
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Mamidi N, Leija HM, Diabb JM, Lopez Romo I, Hernandez D, Castrejón JV, Martinez Romero O, Barrera EV, Elias Zúñiga A. Cytotoxicity evaluation of unfunctionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes-ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene nanocomposites. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:3042-3049. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Narsimha Mamidi
- Tecnologico de Monterrey; Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849; Monterrey Nuevo León, México
| | - Héctor Manuel Leija
- Tecnologico de Monterrey; Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849; Monterrey Nuevo León, México
| | - Jose Manuel Diabb
- Tecnologico de Monterrey; Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849; Monterrey Nuevo León, México
| | - Irasema Lopez Romo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Departamento de Biotecnología FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849; Monterrey Nuevo León, México
| | - Diana Hernandez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Departamento de Biotecnología FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849; Monterrey Nuevo León, México
| | - Javier Villela Castrejón
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Departamento de Biotecnología FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849; Monterrey Nuevo León, México
| | - Oscar Martinez Romero
- Tecnologico de Monterrey; Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849; Monterrey Nuevo León, México
| | - Enrique V. Barrera
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering; Rice University; Houston Texas 77005
- Department of Chemistry; Rice University; Houston Texas 77005
- Distinguished Visiting Professor; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849; Monterrey Nuevo León México
| | - Alex Elias Zúñiga
- Tecnologico de Monterrey; Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849; Monterrey Nuevo León, México
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Boyes WK, Thornton BLM, Al-Abed SR, Andersen CP, Bouchard DC, Burgess RM, Hubal EAC, Ho KT, Hughes MF, Kitchin K, Reichman JR, Rogers KR, Ross JA, Rygiewicz PT, Scheckel KG, Thai SF, Zepp RG, Zucker RM. A comprehensive framework for evaluating the environmental health and safety implications of engineered nanomaterials. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:767-810. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1328400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William K. Boyes
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Brittany Lila M. Thornton
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Souhail R. Al-Abed
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christian P. Andersen
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Dermont C. Bouchard
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Elaine A. Cohen Hubal
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kay T. Ho
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Michael F. Hughes
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kirk Kitchin
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jay R. Reichman
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kim R. Rogers
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Ross
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Paul T. Rygiewicz
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kirk G. Scheckel
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sheau-Fung Thai
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Richard G. Zepp
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert M. Zucker
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Hemmer E, Benayas A, Légaré F, Vetrone F. Exploiting the biological windows: current perspectives on fluorescent bioprobes emitting above 1000 nm. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2016; 1:168-184. [PMID: 32260620 DOI: 10.1039/c5nh00073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of developing more accurate, efficient, non-invasive and fast diagnostic tools, the use of near-infrared (NIR) light in the range of the second and third biological windows (NIR-II: 1000-1350 nm, NIR-III: 1550-1870 nm) is growing remarkably as it provides the advantages of deeper penetration depth into biological tissues, better image contrast, reduced phototoxicity and photobleaching. Consequently, NIR-based bioimaging has become a quickly emerging field and manifold new NIR-emitting bioprobes have been reported. Classes of materials suggested as potential probes for NIR-to-NIR bioimaging (using NIR light for the excitation and emission) are quite diverse. These include rare-earth based nanoparticles, Group-IV nanostructures (single-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles and more recently Si- or Ge-based nanostructures) as well as Ag, In and Pb chalcogenide quantum dots. This review summarizes and discusses current trends, material merits, and latest developments in NIR-to-NIR bioimaging taking advantage of the region above 1000 nm (i.e. the second and third biological windows). Further consideration will be given to upcoming probe materials emitting in the NIR-I region (700-950 nm), thus do not possess emissions in these two windows, but have high expectations. Overall, the focus is placed on recent discussions concerning the optimal choice of excitation and emission wavelengths for deep-tissue high-resolution optical bioimaging and on fluorescent bioprobes that have successfully been implemented in in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hemmer
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique -Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Université du Québec, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
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Snyder-Talkington BN, Dong C, Porter DW, Ducatman B, Wolfarth MG, Andrew M, Battelli L, Raese R, Castranova V, Guo NL, Qian Y. Multiwalled carbon nanotube-induced pulmonary inflammatory and fibrotic responses and genomic changes following aspiration exposure in mice: A 1-year postexposure study. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:352-66. [PMID: 27092743 PMCID: PMC4899319 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1159635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) induces an inflammatory and rapid fibrotic response, although the long-term signaling mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 1, 10, 40, or 80 μg MWCNT administered by pharyngeal aspiration on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid for polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) infiltration, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and lung histopathology for inflammatory and fibrotic responses in mouse lungs 1 mo, 6 mo, and 1 yr postexposure. Further, a 120-μg crocidolite asbestos group was incorporated as a positive control for comparative purposes. Results showed that MWCNT increased BAL fluid LDH activity and PMN infiltration in a dose-dependent manner at all three postexposure times. Asbestos exposure elevated LDH activity at all 3 postexposure times and PMN infiltration at 1 mo and 6 mo postexposure. Pathological changes in the lung, the presence of MWCNT or asbestos, and fibrosis were noted at 40 and 80 μg MWCNT and in asbestos-exposed mice at 1 yr postexposure. To determine potential signaling pathways involved with MWCNT-associated pathological changes in comparison to asbestos, up- and down-regulated gene expression was determined in lung tissue at 1 yr postexposure. Exposure to MWCNT tended to favor those pathways involved in immune responses, specifically T-cell responses, whereas exposure to asbestos tended to favor pathways involved in oxygen species production, electron transport, and cancer. Data indicate that MWCNT are biopersistent in the lung and induce inflammatory and fibrotic pathological alterations similar to those of crocidolite asbestos, but may reach these endpoints by different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi N. Snyder-Talkington
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Chunlin Dong
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9300, USA
| | - Dale W. Porter
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Barbara Ducatman
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Michael G. Wolfarth
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Michael Andrew
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Lori Battelli
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Rebecca Raese
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9300, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Nancy L. Guo
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9300, USA
| | - Yong Qian
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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Hiraku Y, Guo F, Ma N, Yamada T, Wang S, Kawanishi S, Murata M. Multi-walled carbon nanotube induces nitrative DNA damage in human lung epithelial cells via HMGB1-RAGE interaction and Toll-like receptor 9 activation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:16. [PMID: 27026438 PMCID: PMC4812657 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon nanotube (CNT) is used for various industrial purposes, but exhibits carcinogenic effects in experimental animals. Chronic inflammation in the respiratory system may participate in CNT-induced carcinogenesis. 8-Nitroguanine (8-nitroG) is a mutagenic DNA lesion formed during inflammation. We have previously reported that multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) induced 8-nitroG formation in lung epithelial cells and this process involved endocytosis. To clarify the mechanism of CNT-induced carcinogenesis, we examined the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, which resides in endosomes and lysosomes, in 8-nitroG formation in human lung epithelial cell lines. Methods We performed immunocytochemistry to examine 8-nitroG formation in A549 and HBEpC cells treated with MWCNT with a length of 1-2 μm (CNT-S) or 5-15 μm (CNT-L) and a diameter of 20-40 nm. We examined inhibitory effects of endocytosis inhibitors, small interfering RNA (siRNA) for TLR9, and antibodies against high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) on 8-nitroG formation. The release of HMGB1 and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) into the culture supernatant from MWCNT-treated cells was examined by ELISA and fluorometric analysis, respectively. The association of these molecules was examined by double immunofluorescent staining and co-immunoprecipitation. Results CNT-L significantly increased 8-nitroG formation at 0.05 μg/ml in A549 cells and its intensity reached a maximum at 1 μg/ml. CNT-L tended to induce stronger cytotoxicity and 8-nitroG formation than CNT-S. Endocytosis inhibitors, TLR9 siRNA and antibodies against HMGB1 and RAGE largely reduced MWCNT-induced 8-nitroG formation. MWCNT increased the release of HMGB1 and dsDNA from A549 cells into culture supernatant. The culture supernatant of MWCNT-exposed cells induced 8-nitroG formation in fresh A549 cells. Double immunofluorescent staining and co-immunoprecipitation showed that TLR9 was associated with HMGB1 and RAGE in lysosomes of MWCNT-treated cells. Conclusions MWCNT induces injury or necrosis of lung epithelial cells, which release HMGB1 and DNA into the extracellular space. The HMGB1-DNA complex binds to RAGE on neighboring cells and then CpG DNA is recognized by TLR9 in lysosomes, leading to generation of nitric oxide and 8-nitroG formation. This is the first study demonstrating that TLR9 and related molecules participate in MWCNT-induced genotoxicity and may contribute to carcinogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0127-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hiraku
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Feiye Guo
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ning Ma
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minami-Tamagaki-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yamada
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minami-Tamagaki-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Allegri M, Perivoliotis DK, Bianchi MG, Chiu M, Pagliaro A, Koklioti MA, Trompeta AFA, Bergamaschi E, Bussolati O, Charitidis CA. Toxicity determinants of multi-walled carbon nanotubes: The relationship between functionalization and agglomeration. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:230-243. [PMID: 28959543 PMCID: PMC5615827 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The elucidation of toxicity determinants of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is still incomplete. Functionalization with carboxyl groups is, however, commonly used to mitigate MWCNT toxicity, although the rationale for the mitigating effect has not been fully clarified yet. In this work, two optimized chemical vapor deposition methods were employed to obtain MWCNT of comparable length but different diameter, which were subsequently functionalized. For MWCNT of diameter larger than 40 nm, no detrimental effects on cell viability of macrophages were observed, while mild cytotoxicity was recorded for diameters between 15 and 40 nm, with a mitigating effect of functionalization. To investigate the factors responsible for the mitigation, we used the thinnest MWCNT preparation on different cell models, evaluating several endpoints, such as viability, production of nitric oxide (NO), expression of pro-inflammatory markers, the Trans-Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER), and clonogenic activity. Substantial mitigation of the changes caused by pristine MWCNT was observed not only with carboxyl- but also with amino-functionalized MWCNT, suggesting that negative or positive surface charge was not the main factor responsible for the effect. Instead, either functionalized preparation exhibited a stronger tendency to agglomerate that was strictly dependent on the presence of proteins. Moreover, we found that either carboxyl- or amino-functionalized MWCNT adsorbed a larger amount of serum proteins than pristine counterparts, with a distinctive pattern for each type of MWCNT. We propose, therefore, that the formation of larger agglomerates, dependent upon different protein coronae, contributes to mitigate the biological effects of functionalized MWCNT in protein-rich biological media.
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Key Words
- Agglomeration
- Airway epithelium
- BET, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller
- BSA, Bovine Serum Albumin
- CFE, colony forming efficiency
- CNT, carbon nanotubes
- CVD, carbon vapor deposition
- Carbon nanotubes
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- EDS, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry
- FBS, Fetal Bovine Serum
- FT-IR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- Functionalization
- Inflammation
- MWCNT, multi-walled carbon nanotubes
- Macrophages
- NO, nitric oxide
- Protein corona
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate
- SDS-PAGE, SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SSA, specific surface area
- SWCNT, single-walled carbon nanotubes
- TEER, Trans-Epithelial Electrical Resistance
- TGA, thermogravimetric analysis
- XRD, X-ray diffraction
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfredi Allegri
- Unit of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Dimitrios K Perivoliotis
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-157 80 Athens, Greece
| | - Massimiliano G Bianchi
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, 4312 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Chiu
- Unit of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pagliaro
- Unit of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Malamatenia A Koklioti
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-157 80 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini-Flora A Trompeta
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-157 80 Athens, Greece
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, 4312 Parma, Italy
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Unit of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Constantinos A Charitidis
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-157 80 Athens, Greece
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Shigemoto-Mogami Y, Hoshikawa K, Hirose A, Sato K. Phagocytosis-dependent and independent mechanisms underlie the microglial cell damage caused by carbon nanotube agglomerates. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41:501-9. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Shigemoto-Mogami
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Kazue Hoshikawa
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Kaoru Sato
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
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Thompson LC, Holland NA, Snyder RJ, Luo B, Becak DP, Odom JT, Harrison BS, Brown JM, Gowdy KM, Wingard CJ. Pulmonary instillation of MWCNT increases lung permeability, decreases gp130 expression in the lungs, and initiates cardiovascular IL-6 transsignaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L142-54. [PMID: 26589480 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00384.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary instillation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) has the potential to promote cardiovascular derangements, but the mechanisms responsible are currently unclear. We hypothesized that exposure to MWCNT would result in increased epithelial barrier permeability by 24 h postexposure and initiate a signaling process involving IL-6/gp130 transsignaling in peripheral vascular tissue. To test this hypothesis we assessed the impact of 1 and 10 μg/cm(2) MWCNT on transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and expression of barrier proteins and cell activation in vitro using normal human bronchial epithelial primary cells. Parallel studies using male Sprague-Dawley rats instilled with 100 μg MWCNT measured bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) differential cell counts, BAL fluid total protein, and lung water-to-tissue weight ratios 24 h postexposure and quantified serum concentrations of IL-6, soluble IL-6r, and soluble gp130. Aortic sections were examined immunohistochemically for gp130 expression, and gp130 mRNA/protein expression was evaluated in rat lung, heart, and aortic tissue homogenates. Our in vitro findings indicate that 10 μg/cm(2) MWCNT decreased the development of TEER and zonula occludens-1 expression relative to the vehicle. In rats MWCNT instillation increased BAL protein, lung water, and induced pulmonary eosinophilia. Serum concentrations of soluble gp130 decreased, aortic endothelial expression of gp130 increased, and expression of gp130 in the lung was downregulated in the MWCNT-exposed group. We propose that pulmonary exposure to MWCNT can manifest as a reduced epithelial barrier and activator of vascular gp130-associated transsignaling that may promote susceptibility to cardiovascular derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Nathan A Holland
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Ryan J Snyder
- NanoHealth Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Daniel P Becak
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Jillian T Odom
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin S Harrison
- Wake Forest University Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Christopher J Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina;
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Comparison of fetal toxicity of various multi-wall carbon nanotubes in mice. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1404-1408. [PMID: 28962481 PMCID: PMC5598535 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal toxicities of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with various sizes were compared in CD1(ICR) mice. MWCNTs were suspended in 2% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution in phosphate-buffered saline. On day 9 of gestation, dams were administered a single intraperitoneal dose of MWCNTs (4 mg/kg body weight), while dams in the control group were administered vehicle (10 mL/kg body weight). The rectal temperatures of the dams were monitored 2 h after administaration to asses statuses of the dams. The dams and fetuses were examined on day 18 of gestation. The number of live fetus per dam decreased in some MWCNTs-administered groups. The mean percentages of live fetuses in total implantations in the MWCNTs-administered groups markedly varied from 0% to 95%, and the highest mean percentage of live fetuses in the MWCNTs-administered group was equivalent to that of the control group. The decrease in live fetuses depended on an increased number of early dead fetuses. In the groups with markedly lowered rectal temperature after administration, the fetal loss were evident. The blood levels of interleukin-6 and/or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in dam 2 h after administration of MWCNTs markedlyr increased, especially in the goups with significant decrease in live fetuses. These results indicated a relationship between inflammation in the dam, which probabely depended on the particular length of the MWCNTs, and the fetal toxicioty of MWCNTs in mice.
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Vellayappan MV, Balaji A, Subramanian AP, John AA, Jaganathan SK, Murugesan S, Mohandas H, Supriyanto E, Yusof M. Tangible nanocomposites with diverse properties for heart valve application. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2015; 16:033504. [PMID: 27877785 PMCID: PMC5099822 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/16/3/033504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease claims millions of lives every year throughout the world. Biomaterials are used widely for the treatment of this fatal disease. With the advent of nanotechnology, the use of nanocomposites has become almost inevitable in the field of biomaterials. The versatile properties of nanocomposites, such as improved durability and biocompatibility, make them an ideal choice for various biomedical applications. Among the various nanocomposites, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-poly(carbonate-urea)urethane, bacterial cellulose with polyvinyl alcohol, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and nano-hydroxyapatite nanocomposites have gained popularity as putative choices for biomaterials in cardiovascular applications owing to their superior properties. In this review, various studies performed utilizing these nanocomposites for improving the mechanical strength, anti-calcification potential and hemocompatibility of heart valves are reviewed and summarized. The primary motive of this work is to shed light on the emerging nanocomposites for heart valve applications. Furthermore, we aim to promote the prospects of these nanocomposites in the campaign against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Vignesh Vellayappan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Arunpandian Balaji
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Aruna Priyadarshini Subramanian
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Agnes Aruna John
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Saravana Kumar Jaganathan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Selvakumar Murugesan
- Rubber Technology Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Hemanth Mohandas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Arlington, Texas, TX 76019, USA
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Yusof
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
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Dymacek J, Snyder-Talkington BN, Porter DW, Mercer RR, Wolfarth MG, Castranova V, Qian Y, Guo NL. mRNA and miRNA regulatory networks reflective of multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced lung inflammatory and fibrotic pathologies in mice. Toxicol Sci 2014; 144:51-64. [PMID: 25527334 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are known for their transient inflammatory and progressive fibrotic pulmonary effects; however, the mechanisms underlying these pathologies are unknown. In this study, we used time-series microarray data of global lung mRNA and miRNA expression isolated from C57BL/6J mice exposed by pharyngeal aspiration to vehicle or 10, 20, 40, or 80 µg MWCNT at 1, 7, 28, or 56 days post-exposure to determine miRNA and mRNA regulatory networks that are potentially involved in MWCNT-induced inflammatory and fibrotic lung etiology. Using a non-negative matrix factorization method, we determined mRNAs and miRNAs with expression profiles associated with pathology patterns of MWCNT-induced inflammation (based on bronchoalveolar lavage score) and fibrosis (based on Sirius Red staining measured with quantitative morphometric analysis). Potential binding targets between pathology-related mRNAs and miRNAs were identified using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and the miRTarBase, miRecords, and TargetScan databases. Using these experimentally validated and predicted binding targets, we were able to build molecular signaling networks that are potentially reflective of and play a role in MWCNT-induced lung inflammatory and fibrotic pathology. As understanding the regulatory networks between mRNAs and miRNAs in different disease states would be beneficial for understanding the complex mechanisms of pathogenesis, these identified genes and pathways may be useful for determining biomarkers of MWCNT-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis for early detection of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Dymacek
- *Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6070, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9300
| | - Brandi N Snyder-Talkington
- *Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6070, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9300
| | - Dale W Porter
- *Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6070, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9300
| | - Robert R Mercer
- *Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6070, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9300
| | - Michael G Wolfarth
- *Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6070, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9300
| | - Vincent Castranova
- *Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6070, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9300
| | - Yong Qian
- *Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6070, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9300
| | - Nancy L Guo
- *Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6070, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9300
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Snyder-Talkington BN, Dong C, Zhao X, Dymacek J, Porter DW, Wolfarth MG, Castranova V, Qian Y, Guo NL. Multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced gene expression in vitro: concordance with in vivo studies. Toxicology 2014; 328:66-74. [PMID: 25511174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a current interest in reducing the in vivo toxicity testing of nanomaterials in animals by increasing toxicity testing using in vitro cellular assays; however, toxicological results are seldom concordant between in vivo and in vitro models. This study compared global multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-induced gene expression from human lung epithelial and microvascular endothelial cells in monoculture and coculture with gene expression from mouse lungs exposed to MWCNT. Using a cutoff of 10% false discovery rate and 1.5 fold change, we determined that there were more concordant genes (gene expression both up- or downregulated in vivo and in vitro) expressed in both cell types in coculture than in monoculture. When reduced to only those genes involved in inflammation and fibrosis, known outcomes of in vivo MWCNT exposure, there were more disease-related concordant genes expressed in coculture than monoculture. Additionally, different cellular signaling pathways are activated in response to MWCNT dependent upon culturing conditions. As coculture gene expression better correlated with in vivo gene expression, we suggest that cellular cocultures may offer enhanced in vitro models for nanoparticle risk assessment and the reduction of in vivo toxicological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi N Snyder-Talkington
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Chunlin Dong
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9300, USA
| | - Xiangyi Zhao
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9300, USA
| | - Julian Dymacek
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6070, USA
| | - Dale W Porter
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Michael G Wolfarth
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Yong Qian
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Nancy L Guo
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9300, USA.
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Leonard SS, Cohen GM, Kenyon AJ, Schwegler-Berry D, Fix NR, Bangsaruntip S, Roberts JR. Generation of reactive oxygen species from silicon nanowires. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2014; 8:21-9. [PMID: 25452695 PMCID: PMC4227628 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s15261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Processing and synthesis of purified nanomaterials of diverse composition, size, and properties is an evolving process. Studies have demonstrated that some nanomaterials have potential toxic effects and have led to toxicity research focusing on nanotoxicology. About two million workers will be employed in the field of nanotechnology over the next 10 years. The unknown effects of nanomaterials create a need for research and development of techniques to identify possible toxicity. Through a cooperative effort between National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and IBM to address possible occupational exposures, silicon-based nanowires (SiNWs) were obtained for our study. These SiNWs are anisotropic filamentary crystals of silicon, synthesized by the vapor-liquid-solid method and used in bio-sensors, gas sensors, and field effect transistors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be generated when organisms are exposed to a material causing cellular responses, such as lipid peroxidation, H2O2 production, and DNA damage. SiNWs were assessed using three different in vitro environments (H2O2, RAW 264.7 cells, and rat alveolar macrophages) for ROS generation and possible toxicity identification. We used electron spin resonance, analysis of lipid peroxidation, measurement of H2O2 production, and the comet assay to assess generation of ROS from SiNW and define possible mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that SiNWs do not appear to be significant generators of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Leonard
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Guy M Cohen
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
| | - Allison J Kenyon
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Diane Schwegler-Berry
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Natalie R Fix
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Jenny R Roberts
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Mendoza A, Torres-Hernandez JA, Ault JG, Pedersen-Lane JH, Gao D, Lawrence DA. Silica nanoparticles induce oxidative stress and inflammation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:777-90. [PMID: 24535706 PMCID: PMC4389838 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of 10- or 100-nm silica oxide (SiO2) NPs on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were examined. Cytotoxic effects and oxidative stress effects, including glutathione (GSH) depletion, the formation of protein radical species, and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses, were measured. PBMC exposed to 10-nm NP concentrations from 50 to 4,000 ppm showed concentration-response increases in cell death; whereas, for 100-nm NPs, PBMC viability was not lost at <500 ppm. Interestingly, 10-nm NPs were more cytotoxic and induced more oxidative stress than 100-nm NPs. Immunoelectron micrographs show the cellular distribution of GSH and NPs. As expected based on the viability data, the 10-nm NPs disturbed cell morphology to a greater extent than did the 100-nm NPs. Antibody to the radical scavenger, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), was used for Western blot analysis of proteins with radicals; more DMPO proteins were found after exposure to 10-nm NPs than 100-nm NPs. Examination of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) indicated that different ratios of cytokines were expressed and released after exposure to 10- and 100-nm NPs. IL-1β production was enhanced by 10- and 100-nm NPs;, the cytotoxicity of the NPs was associated with an increase in the IL-1β/IL-6 ratio and 100-nm NPs at concentrations that did not induce loss of cell viability enhanced IL-1β and IL-6 to an extent similar to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), a T cell mitogen. In conclusion, our results indicate that SiO2 NPs trigger a cytokine inflammatory response and induce oxidative stress in vitro, and NPs of the same chemistry, but of different sizes, demonstrate differences in their intracellular distribution and immunomodulatory properties, especially with regard to IL-1β and IL-6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Mendoza
- />Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Sciences, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | | | - Jeffrey G. Ault
- />Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Sciences, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Joan H. Pedersen-Lane
- />Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Sciences, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Donghong Gao
- />Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Sciences, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - David A. Lawrence
- />Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Sciences, 150 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208 USA
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Kim JS, Sung JH, Choi BG, Ryu HY, Song KS, Shin JH, Lee JS, Hwang JH, Lee JH, Lee GH, Jeon K, Ahn KH, Yu IJ. In vivo genotoxicity evaluation of lung cells from Fischer 344 rats following 28 days of inhalation exposure to MWCNTs, plus 28 days and 90 days post-exposure. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:222-34. [PMID: 24568578 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.878006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite their useful physico-chemical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) continue to cause concern over occupational and human health due to their structural similarity to asbestos. Thus, to evaluate the toxic and genotoxic effect of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on lung cells in vivo, eight-week-old rats were divided into four groups (each group = 25 animals), a fresh air control (0 mg/m(3)), low (0.17 mg/m(3)), middle (0.49 mg/m(3)), and high (0.96 mg/m(3)) dose group, and exposed to MWCNTs via nose-only inhalation 6 h per day, 5 days per week for 28 days. The count median length and geometric standard deviation for the MWCNTs determined by TEM were 330.18 and 1.72 nm, respectively, and the MWCNT diameters ranged from 10 to 15 nm. Lung cells were isolated from five male and five female rats in each group on day 0, day 28 (only from males) and day 90 following the 28-day exposure. The total number of animals used was 15 male and 10 female rats for each concentration group. To determine the genotoxicity of the MWCNTs, a single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay) was conducted on the rat lung cells. As a result of the exposure, the olive tail moments were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the male and female rats from all the exposed groups when compared with the fresh air control. In addition, the high-dose exposed male and middle and high-dose exposed female rats retained DNA damage, even 90 days post-exposure (p < 0.05). To investigate the mode of genotoxicity, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, TGF- β, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ) were also measured. For the male rats, the H2O2 levels were significantly higher in the middle (0 days post-exposure) and high- (0 days and 28 days post-exposure) dose groups (p < 0.05). Conversely, the female rats showed no changes in the H2O2 levels. The inflammatory cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid did not show any statistically significant difference. Interestingly, the short-length MWCNTs deposited in the lung cells were persistent at 90 days post-exposure. Thus, exposing lung cells to MWCNTs with a short tube length may induce genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sik Kim
- Bioconvergence Department, Korea Conformity Laboratories , Incheon , Korea
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Tilton SC, Karin NJ, Tolic A, Xie Y, Lai X, Hamilton RF, Waters KM, Holian A, Witzmann FA, Orr G. Three human cell types respond to multi-walled carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide nanobelts with cell-specific transcriptomic and proteomic expression patterns. Nanotoxicology 2014; 8:533-48. [PMID: 23659652 PMCID: PMC4226242 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.803624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The growing use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in commercial and medical applications raises the urgent need for tools that can predict NP toxicity. Global transcriptome and proteome analyses were conducted on three human cell types, exposed to two high aspect ratio NP types, to identify patterns of expression that might indicate high versus low NP toxicity. Three cell types representing the most common routes of human exposure to NPs, including macrophage-like (THP-1), small airway epithelial and intestinal (Caco-2/HT29-MTX) cells, were exposed to TiO2 nanobelts (TiO2-NB; high toxicity) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT; low toxicity) at low (10 µg/mL) and high (100 µg/mL) concentrations for 1 and 24 h. Unique patterns of gene and protein expressions were identified for each cell type, with no differentially expressed (p < 0.05, 1.5-fold change) genes or proteins overlapping across all three cell types. While unique to each cell type, the early response was primarily independent of NP type, showing similar expression patterns in response to both TiO2-NB and MWCNT. The early response might, therefore, indicate a general response to insult. In contrast, the 24 h response was unique to each NP type. The most significantly (p < 0.05) enriched biological processes in THP-1 cells indicated TiO2-NB regulation of pathways associated with inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA replication stress and genomic instability, while MWCNT-regulated pathways indicated increased cell proliferation, DNA repair and anti-apoptosis. These two distinct sets of biological pathways might, therefore, underlie cellular responses to high and low NP toxicity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C. Tilton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Norman J. Karin
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Ana Tolic
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Yumei Xie
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Raymond F. Hamilton
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
| | - Katrina M. Waters
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
| | - Frank A. Witzmann
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
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Hofmann MC. Stem cells and nanomaterials. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 811:255-75. [PMID: 24683036 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8739-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into many cell types, stem cells offer the potential to be used for tissue regeneration and engineering. Much progress has recently been made in our understanding of the biology of stem cells and our ability to manipulate their proliferation and differentiation to obtain functional tissues. Similarly, nanomaterials have been recently developed that will accelerate discovery of mechanisms driving stem cell fate and their utilization in medicine. Nanoparticles have been developed that allow the labeling and tracking of stem cells and their differentiated phenotype within an organism. Nanosurfaces are engineered that mimic the extracellular matrix to which stem cells adhere and migrate. Scaffolds made of functionalized nanofibers can now be used to grow stem cells and regenerate damaged tissues and organs. However, the small scale of nanomaterials induces changes in their chemical and physical properties that might modify their interactions with cells and tissues, and render them toxic to stem cells. Therefore a thorough understanding of stem cell-nanomaterial interactions is still necessary not only to accelerate the success of medical treatments but also to ensure the safety of the tools provided by these novel technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Hofmann
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,
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Kanno S, Hirano S, Chiba S, Takeshita H, Nagai T, Takada M, Sakamoto K, Mukai T. The role of Rho-kinases in IL-1β release through phagocytosis of fibrous particles in human monocytes. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:73-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fattahi P, Yang G, Kim G, Abidian MR. A review of organic and inorganic biomaterials for neural interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1846-85. [PMID: 24677434 PMCID: PMC4373558 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology have generated wide interest in applying nanomaterials for neural prostheses. An ideal neural interface should create seamless integration into the nervous system and performs reliably for long periods of time. As a result, many nanoscale materials not originally developed for neural interfaces become attractive candidates to detect neural signals and stimulate neurons. In this comprehensive review, an overview of state-of-the-art microelectrode technologies provided fi rst, with focus on the material properties of these microdevices. The advancements in electro active nanomaterials are then reviewed, including conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, silicon nanowires, and hybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterials, for neural recording, stimulation, and growth. Finally, technical and scientific challenges are discussed regarding biocompatibility, mechanical mismatch, and electrical properties faced by these nanomaterials for the development of long-lasting functional neural interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Fattahi
- Biomedical Engineering Department and Chemical Engineering Departments, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gloria Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Abidian
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Materials Science & Engineering Department, Chemical Engineering Department, Materials Research Institute, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Walling BE, Lau GW. Perturbation of pulmonary immune functions by carbon nanotubes and susceptibility to microbial infection. J Microbiol 2014; 52:227-34. [PMID: 24585053 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Occupational and environmental pulmonary exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNT) is considered to be a health risk with a very low threshold of tolerance as determined by the United States Center for Disease Control. Immortalized airway epithelial cells exposed to CNTs show a diverse range of effects including reduced viability, impaired proliferation, and elevated reactive oxygen species generation. Additionally, CNTs inhibit internalization of targets in multiple macrophage cell lines. Mice and rats exposed to CNTs often develop pulmonary granulomas and fibrosis. Furthermore, CNTs have immunomodulatory properties in these animal models. CNTs themselves are proinflammatory and can exacerbate the allergic response. However, CNTs may also be immunosuppressive, both locally and systemically. Studies that examined the relationship of CNT exposure prior to pulmonary infection have reached different conclusions. In some cases, pre-exposure either had no effect or enhanced clearance of infections while other studies showed CNTs inhibited clearance. Interestingly, most studies exploring this relationship use pathogens which are not considered primary pulmonary pathogens. Moreover, harmony across studies is difficult as different types of CNTs have dissimilar biological effects. We used Pseudomonas aeruginosa as model pathogen to study how helical multi-walled carbon nanotubes (HCNTs) affected internalization and clearance of the pulmonary pathogen. The results showed that, although HCNTs can inhibit internalization through multiple processes, bacterial clearance was not altered, which was attributed to an enhanced inflammatory response caused by pre-exposure to HCNTs. We compare and contrast our findings in relation to other studies to gauge the modulation of pulmonary immune response by CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent E Walling
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
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Rolland PH, Berry JL, Louis G, Velly L, Vidal V, Brige P, Mayakonda V, Carroll DL. A nanoengineered embolic agent for precise radiofrequency ablation. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:940-9. [PMID: 24449052 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-0977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the work is to investigate whether the electromagnetic properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in the presence of radiofrequency (RF) energy is (1) safe, and (2) improves the precision of the therapeutic efficiency of the RF-ablation (RFA) procedure. An in vitro phantom was created for evaluating temperature near RF treated nanotubes. For the in vivo study, three baboons and six pigs were submitted for RFA procedure in superior/inferior kidney poles embolized with a non-adherent, lipophilic embolic agent (marsembol) with or without MWCNT. Tissue damage in the surrounding kill zone was assayed through caspase-3 activation. The in vitro results showed marked heat increase only in the region of the nanotubes. In vivo, necrosis/ischemic damage resulted from RFA therapy alone, RFA plus marsembol only. In marsembol + MWCNT condition, dramatic disruption of cell membranes and sub-cellular organelles was found whereas the nuclear membranes and basal cell membranes remained largely intact. The marsembol vaporized under RFA and tissue fluid filled the space. This caused the MWCNT to cluster within the new aqueous environment. RFA plus marsembol + MWCNT created a well-defined demarcation between healthy and apoptotic cells as evidenced by a marked reduction of caspase-3 expression. By contrast, there was a much less defined ablation zone in the absence of MWCNT. In conclusion, the combination of RFA plus marsembol + MWCNT embolization delineated the kill zone in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that MWCNTs remain in the ablation region thus minimizing their migration to the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Henri Rolland
- Experimental Interventional Imaging Laboratory, European Center for Medical Imaging Research, School of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Marseilles, France
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Chatterjee N, Yang J, Kim HM, Jo E, Kim PJ, Choi K, Choi J. Potential toxicity of differential functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in human cell line (BEAS2B) and Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:1399-1408. [PMID: 25343289 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.951756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro (human bronchial epithelial cells, BEAS2B cells) and in vivo (the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, C. elegans) toxicity outcomes following exposure to pristine as well as surface-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) following hydroxylation-oxygenation (O(+)), amination (NH2), or carboxylation (COOH) of the carbon nanotubes (CNT). Cell viability and proliferation were measured by Ez-Cytox, trypan blue exclusion, and colony formation assays. The genotoxic potential of the MWCNT was determined by using the alkaline comet assay. In addition, survival and reproduction were used as endpoints for detection of toxicity of MWCNT in C. elegans. The carboxylated (COOH)-MWCNT was found most toxic as evidenced by cytotoxic and genotoxic among all tested compounds. The order of sensitivity was COOH > O(+) > NH2 > pristine. There were almost no marked changes in survival following exposure of C. elegans to MWCNT. It is of interest that only pristine MWCNT exerted significant reduction in reproductive capacity of C. elegans. Surface functionalization significantly influenced the bioactivity of MWCNT, which displayed species as well as target-organ specificity. The mechanisms underlying these specific modes of nano-biological interactions need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chatterjee
- a School of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul , Korea
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Kim JS, Yu IJ. Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated male human peripheral blood lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:1141-1153. [PMID: 25119736 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.917062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) possess a small size, large surface area, and high reactivity, which enable them to permeate the cytoplasmic or nuclear membrane and attach to biological molecules. During medical applications, SWNCT are usually administered intravenously, which enhances interaction with blood components. Yet despite this exposure potential, safety evaluation studies of SWCNTs focused on human blood cells are still lacking. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and proinflammatory responses following SWCNT treatment of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated male human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). SWCNT were found to inhibit cell growth, as well as to induce DNA breakage, and micronuclei (MN) formation via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The addition of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) a cell-permeable antioxidant, decreased ROS generation, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity produced by SWCNT treatment. In addition, SWCNT induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α release after 24 h, yet this phenomenon was not related to ROS generation, as antioxidant NAC treatment did not affect increased proinflammatory cytokine levels in the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated male human PBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sik Kim
- a Bioconvergence Laboratory , Korea Conformity Laboratories , Incheon , Korea
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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce human microvascular endothelial cellular effects in an alveolar-capillary co-culture with small airway epithelial cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:35. [PMID: 23903001 PMCID: PMC3750368 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology, particularly the use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), is a rapidly growing discipline with implications for advancement in a variety of fields. A major route of exposure to MWCNT during both occupational and environmental contact is inhalation. While many studies showed adverse effects to the vascular endothelium upon MWCNT exposure, in vitro results often do not correlate with in vivo effects. This study aimed to determine if an alveolar-capillary co-culture model could determine changes in the vascular endothelium after epithelial exposure to MWCNT. METHODS A co-culture system in which both human small airway epithelial cells and human microvascular endothelial cells were separated by a Transwell membrane so as to resemble an alveolar-capillary interaction was used. Following exposure of the epithelial layer to MWCNT, the effects to the endothelial barrier were determined. RESULTS Exposure of the epithelial layer to MWCNT induced multiple changes in the endothelial cell barrier, including an increase in reactive oxygen species, actin rearrangement, loss of VE-cadherin at the cell surface, and an increase in endothelial angiogenic ability. Overall increases in secreted VEGFA, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 protein levels, as well as increases in intracellular phospho-NF-κB, phospho-Stat3, and phospho-p38 MAPK, were also noted in HMVEC after epithelial exposure. CONCLUSION The co-culture system identified that alveolar-capillary exposure to MWCNT induced multiple changes to the underlying endothelium, potentially through cell signaling mediators derived from MWCNT-exposed epithelial cells. Therefore, the co-culture system appears to be a relevant in vitro method to study the pulmonary toxicity of MWCNT.
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Shimizu K, Uchiyama A, Yamashita M, Hirose A, Nishimura T, Oku N. Biomembrane damage caused by exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:7-12. [PMID: 23358135 DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have potential as not only electrical materials but also biomedical devices. However, some findings have been reported indicating that the use of CNTs is accompanied by a risk of the development of certain diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis and pleura mesothelioma; and one of the reasons for this risk may be macrophage cell death. In the present study, to elucidate the mechanism of macrophage cell death by CNTs, we focused on biomembrane damage caused by multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs). When the distribution of MWCNTs in RAW264 cells was observed under a light microscope, MWCNTs were located on the surface of the plasma membrane; and a portion of them seemed to stick into it. The acute cytotoxicity toward RAW264 cells was examined by performing the LDH cytotoxic test, and LDH release was detected after exposure to 100 µg/ml CNT. To examine the physical damage to biomembranes by CNT exposure, we conducted a calcein release assay using calcein-encapsulated liposomes. The results indicated that an increase in the permeability of the lipid bilayer was induced by MWCNTs. The present study thus demonstrated for the first time that a high concentration of MWCNTs was cytotoxic to macrophages and suggested that the direct physical perturbation of biomembranes by MWCNTs plays a role in this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Shimizu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Bokara KK, Kim JY, Lee YI, Yun K, Webster TJ, Lee JE. Biocompatability of carbon nanotubes with stem cells to treat CNS injuries. Anat Cell Biol 2013; 46:85-92. [PMID: 23869255 PMCID: PMC3713283 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2013.46.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cases reporting traumatic injuries to the brain and spinal cord are extended range of disorders that affect a large percentage of the world's population. But, there are only few effective treatments available for central nervous system (CNS) injuries because the CNS is refractory to axonal regeneration and relatively inaccessible to many pharmacological treatments. The use of stem cell therapy in regenerative medicine has been extensively examined to replace lost cells during CNS injuries. But, given the complexity of CNS injuries oxidative stress, toxic byproducts, which prevails in the microenvironment during the diseased condition, may limit the survival of the transplanted stem cells affecting tissue regeneration and even longevity. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are a new class of nanomaterials, which have been shown to be promising in different areas of nanomedicine for the prevention, diagnosis and therapy of certain diseases, including CNS diseases. In particular, the use of CNTs as substrates/scaffolds for supporting the stem cell differentiation has been an area of active research. Single-walled and multi-walled CNT's have been increasingly used as scaffolds for neuronal growth and more recently for neural stem cell growth and differentiation. This review summarizes recent research on the application of CNT-based materials to direct the differentiation of progenitor and stem cells toward specific neurons and to enhance axon regeneration and synaptogenesis for the effective treatment of CNS injuries. Nonetheless, accumulating data support the use of CNTs as a biocompatible and permissive substrate/scaffold for neural cells and such application holds great potential in neurological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Bokara
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Tian F, Habel NC, Yin R, Hirn S, Banerjee A, Ercal N, Takenaka S, Estrada G, Kostarelos K, Kreyling W, Stoeger T. Pulmonary DWCNT exposure causes sustained local and low-level systemic inflammatory changes in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 84:412-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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