1
|
González A, Fullaondo A, Odriozola A. Microbiota-associated mechanisms in colorectal cancer. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 112:123-205. [PMID: 39396836 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, ranking third in terms of incidence and second as a cause of cancer-related death. There is growing scientific evidence that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the initiation and development of CRC. Specific bacterial species and complex microbial communities contribute directly to CRC pathogenesis by promoting the neoplastic transformation of intestinal epithelial cells or indirectly through their interaction with the host immune system. As a result, a protumoural and immunosuppressive environment is created conducive to CRC development. On the other hand, certain bacteria in the gut microbiota contribute to protection against CRC. In this chapter, we analysed the relationship of the gut microbiota to CRC and the associations identified with specific bacteria. Microbiota plays a key role in CRC through various mechanisms, such as increased intestinal permeability, inflammation and immune system dysregulation, biofilm formation, genotoxin production, virulence factors and oxidative stress. Exploring the interaction between gut microbiota and tumourigenesis is essential for developing innovative therapeutic approaches in the fight against CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana González
- Hologenomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Asier Fullaondo
- Hologenomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Spain
| | - Adrian Odriozola
- Hologenomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Costa A, Lucarini E. Treating chronic stress and chronic pain by manipulating gut microbiota with diet: can we kill two birds with one stone? Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38889540 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2365021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Chronic stress and chronic pain are closely linked by the capacity to exacerbate each other, sharing common roots in the brain and in the gut. The strict intersection between these two neurological diseases makes important to have a therapeutic strategy aimed at preventing both to maintain mental health in patients. Diet is an modifiable lifestyle factor associated with gut-brain axis diseases and there is growing interest in its use as adjuvant to main therapies. Several evidence attest the impact of specific diets or nutrients on chronic stress-related disorders and pain with a good degree of certainty. A daily adequate intake of foods containing micronutrients such as amino acids, minerals and vitamins, as well as the reduction in the consumption of processed food products can have a positive impact on microbiota and gut health. Many nutrients are endowed of prebiotic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective potential which make them useful tools helping the management of chronic stress and pain in patients. Dietary regimes, as intermittent fasting or caloric restriction, are promising, although further studies are needed to optimize protocols according to patient's medical history, age and sex. Moreover, by supporting gut microbiota health with diet is possible to attenuate comorbidities such as obesity, gastrointestinal dysfunction and mood disorders, thus reducing healthcare costs related to chronic stress or pain.Objective: This review summarize the most recent evidence on the microbiota-mediated beneficial effects of macro- and micronutrients, dietary-related factors, specific nutritional regimens and dietary intervention on these pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Costa
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Area and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Area and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vandecruys M, De Smet S, De Beir J, Renier M, Leunis S, Van Criekinge H, Glorieux G, Raes J, Vanden Wyngaert K, Nagler E, Calders P, Monbaliu D, Cornelissen V, Evenepoel P, Van Craenenbroeck AH. Revitalizing the Gut Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Exploration of the Therapeutic Potential of Physical Activity. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:242. [PMID: 38922137 PMCID: PMC11209503 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Both physical inactivity and disruptions in the gut microbiome appear to be prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Engaging in physical activity could present a novel nonpharmacological strategy for enhancing the gut microbiome and mitigating the adverse effects associated with microbial dysbiosis in individuals with CKD. This narrative review explores the underlying mechanisms through which physical activity may favorably modulate microbial health, either through direct impact on the gut or through interorgan crosstalk. Also, the development of microbial dysbiosis and its interplay with physical inactivity in patients with CKD are discussed. Mechanisms and interventions through which physical activity may restore gut homeostasis in individuals with CKD are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Vandecruys
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.V.); or (P.E.)
| | - Stefan De Smet
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Jasmine De Beir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Marie Renier
- Group Rehabilitation for Internal Disorders, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Sofie Leunis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Abdominal Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.L.); (H.V.C.); (D.M.)
| | - Hanne Van Criekinge
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Abdominal Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.L.); (H.V.C.); (D.M.)
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.G.); (K.V.W.); (E.N.)
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karsten Vanden Wyngaert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.G.); (K.V.W.); (E.N.)
| | - Evi Nagler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.G.); (K.V.W.); (E.N.)
| | - Patrick Calders
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Abdominal Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.L.); (H.V.C.); (D.M.)
- Transplantoux Foundation, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Véronique Cornelissen
- Group Rehabilitation for Internal Disorders, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Pieter Evenepoel
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.V.); or (P.E.)
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amaryllis H. Van Craenenbroeck
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.V.); or (P.E.)
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Solouki S, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Jafary H, Delfan M. Efficacy of high-intensity interval and continuous endurance trainings on cecal microbiota metabolites and inflammatory factors in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301532. [PMID: 38626052 PMCID: PMC11020751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is known to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and control the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. In this research, we intend to investigate and compare the effect of high-intensity interval and continuous endurance trainings (HIIT and CET) on cecal microbiota metabolites and inflammatory factors in diabetic rats. A number of Wistar rats were made diabetic by a high-fat diet and trained under two types of exercise protocols, HIIT and CET. After taking samples from the cecal tissue and serum of rats to reveal the effect of exercise, three microbial species from the Firmicute and Bacteroid phyla, which are the main types of intestinal microbes, and their metabolites include two short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), butyrate and propionate and also, the inflammatory factors TLR4 and IL6 were analyzed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. In general, exercise while increasing the representative of Firmicute has caused a relative reduction of Bacteroides and improved the concentration of SCFAs. In this regard, HIIT outperforms CET in up-regulating Akkermansia and Butyrivibrio expression, and butyrate and propionate metabolites concentration. Also, both exercises significantly reduced cecal expression of TLR4 and sera concentration of IL6 compared to the diabetic group, although the reduction rate was higher in the CET group than in HIIT. Our findings suggest that some symptoms of metabolic syndrome such as intestinal dysbiosis and the resulting metabolic disorders are better controlled by HIIT and inflammation by CET. Certainly, more extensive research on other contributing factors could help clarify the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Solouki
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Jafary
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fiuza-Luces C, Valenzuela PL, Gálvez BG, Ramírez M, López-Soto A, Simpson RJ, Lucia A. The effect of physical exercise on anticancer immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:282-293. [PMID: 37794239 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity is associated with lower cancer incidence and mortality, as well as with a lower rate of tumour recurrence. The epidemiological evidence is supported by preclinical studies in animal models showing that regular exercise delays the progression of cancer, including highly aggressive malignancies. Although the mechanisms underlying the antitumorigenic effects of exercise remain to be defined, an improvement in cancer immunosurveillance is likely important, with different immune cell subtypes stimulated by exercise to infiltrate tumours. There is also evidence that immune cells from blood collected after an exercise bout could be used as adoptive cell therapy for cancer. In this Perspective, we address the importance of muscular activity for maintaining a healthy immune system and discuss the effects of a single bout of exercise (that is, 'acute' exercise) and those of 'regular' exercise (that is, repeated bouts) on anticancer immunity, including tumour infiltrates. We also address the postulated mechanisms and the clinical implications of this emerging area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fiuza-Luces
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
- Systems Biology Department, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Beatriz G Gálvez
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramírez
- Oncohematology Unit, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- La Princesa Institute of Heah, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Soto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Asturias, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain.
| | - Richard J Simpson
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Li Y, Bo L, Zhou E, Chen Y, Naranmandakh S, Xie W, Ru Q, Chen L, Zhu Z, Ding C, Wu Y. Progress of linking gut microbiota and musculoskeletal health: casualty, mechanisms, and translational values. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2263207. [PMID: 37800576 PMCID: PMC10561578 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2263207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system is important for balancing metabolic activity and maintaining health. Recent studies have shown that distortions in homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota are correlated with or may even contribute to abnormalities in musculoskeletal system function. Research has also shown that the intestinal flora and its secondary metabolites can impact the musculoskeletal system by regulating various phenomena, such as inflammation and immune and metabolic activities. Most of the existing literature supports that reasonable nutritional intervention helps to improve and maintain the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota, and may have a positive impact on musculoskeletal health. The purpose of organizing, summarizing and discussing the existing literature is to explore whether the intervention methods, including nutritional supplement and moderate exercise, can affect the muscle and bone health by regulating the microecology of the intestinal flora. More in-depth efficacy verification experiments will be helpful for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Bo
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Enyuan Zhou
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shinen Naranmandakh
- School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Ru
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhu
- Clinical Research Centre, Orthopedic Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhai Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Orthopedic Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hart NH, Wallen MP, Farley MJ, Haywood D, Boytar AN, Secombe K, Joseph R, Chan RJ, Kenkhuis MF, Buffart LM, Skinner TL, Wardill HR. Exercise and the gut microbiome: implications for supportive care in cancer. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:724. [PMID: 38012463 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing recognition of the gut microbiome as an influential modulator of cancer treatment efficacy and toxicity has led to the emergence of clinical interventions targeting the microbiome to enhance cancer and health outcomes. The highly modifiable nature of microbiota to endogenous, exogenous, and environmental inputs enables interventions to promote resilience of the gut microbiome that have rapid effects on host health, or response to cancer treatment. While diet, probiotics, and faecal microbiota transplant are primary avenues of therapy focused on restoring or protecting gut function in people undergoing cancer treatment, the role of physical activity and exercise has scarcely been examined in this population. METHODS A narrative review was conducted to explore the nexus between cancer care and the gut microbiome in the context of physical activity and exercise as a widely available and clinically effective supportive care strategy used by cancer survivors. RESULTS Exercise can facilitate a more diverse gut microbiome and functional metabolome in humans; however, most physical activity and exercise studies have been conducted in healthy or athletic populations, primarily using aerobic exercise modalities. A scarcity of exercise and microbiome studies in cancer exists. CONCLUSIONS Exercise remains an attractive avenue to promote microbiome health in cancer survivors. Future research should elucidate the various influences of exercise modalities, intensities, frequencies, durations, and volumes to explore dose-response relationships between exercise and the gut microbiome among cancer survivors, as well as multifaceted approaches (such as diet and probiotics), and examine the influences of exercise on the gut microbiome and associated symptom burden prior to, during, and following cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas H Hart
- Human Performance Research Centre, INSIGHT Research Institute, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, 2030, Australia.
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.
| | - Matthew P Wallen
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Morgan J Farley
- Human Performance Research Centre, INSIGHT Research Institute, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, 2030, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Darren Haywood
- Human Performance Research Centre, INSIGHT Research Institute, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, 2030, Australia
- Mental Health Division, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander N Boytar
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Secombe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ria Joseph
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Raymond J Chan
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marlou-Floor Kenkhuis
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurien M Buffart
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tina L Skinner
- Human Performance Research Centre, INSIGHT Research Institute, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, 2030, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Hannah R Wardill
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zong B, Yu F, Zhang X, Zhao W, Li S, Li L. Mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical exercise on multiple sclerosis: focus on immune cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260663. [PMID: 37841264 PMCID: PMC10570846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent neuroimmunological illness that leads to neurological disability in young adults. Although the etiology of MS is heterogeneous, it is well established that aberrant activity of adaptive and innate immune cells plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Several immune cell abnormalities have been described in MS and its animal models, including T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, microglia/macrophages, and astrocytes, among others. Physical exercise offers a valuable alternative or adjunctive disease-modifying therapy for MS. A growing body of evidence indicates that exercise may reduce the autoimmune responses triggered by immune cells in MS. This is partially accomplished by restricting the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma, curbing hyperactivation of immune cells, and facilitating a transition in the balance of immune cells from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state. This review provides a succinct overview of the correlation between physical exercise, immune cells, and MS pathology, and highlights the potential benefits of exercise as a strategy for the prevention and treatment of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zong
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengzhi Yu
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Shichang Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lim JJ, Diener C, Wilson J, Valenzuela JJ, Baliga NS, Gibbons SM. Growth phase estimation for abundant bacterial populations sampled longitudinally from human stool metagenomes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5682. [PMID: 37709733 PMCID: PMC10502120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal sampling of the stool has yielded important insights into the ecological dynamics of the human gut microbiome. However, human stool samples are available approximately once per day, while commensal population doubling times are likely on the order of minutes-to-hours. Despite this mismatch in timescales, much of the prior work on human gut microbiome time series modeling has assumed that day-to-day fluctuations in taxon abundances are related to population growth or death rates, which is likely not the case. Here, we propose an alternative model of the human gut as a stationary system, where population dynamics occur internally and the bacterial population sizes measured in a bolus of stool represent a steady-state endpoint of these dynamics. We formalize this idea as stochastic logistic growth. We show how this model provides a path toward estimating the growth phases of gut bacterial populations in situ. We validate our model predictions using an in vitro Escherichia coli growth experiment. Finally, we show how this method can be applied to densely-sampled human stool metagenomic time series data. We discuss how these growth phase estimates may be used to better inform metabolic modeling in flow-through ecosystems, like animal guts or industrial bioreactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe J Lim
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | | | - James Wilson
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | - Nitin S Baliga
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Departments of Biology and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, 94720, Berkeley, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, WA, 98105, Seattle, USA
- Molecular Engineering Graduate Program, University of Washington, WA, 98105, Seattle, USA
| | - Sean M Gibbons
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Molecular Engineering Graduate Program, University of Washington, WA, 98105, Seattle, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Williams ZA, Szyszkowicz JK, Osborne N, Allehyany B, Nadon C, Udechukwu MC, Santos A, Audet MC. Sex-specific effects of voluntary wheel running on behavior and the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis in mice. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 30:100628. [PMID: 37396336 PMCID: PMC10308214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has been positioned as a promising strategy to prevent and/or alleviate anxiety and depression, but the biological processes associated with its effects on mental health have yet to be entirely determined. Although the prevalence of depression and anxiety in women is about twice that of men, very few studies have examined whether physical exercise could affect mental health differently according to sex. This study examined, in singly-housed mice, the sex-specific effects of voluntary exercise on depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors as well as on different markers along the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis. Male and female C57BL/6N mice had voluntary access to running wheels in their home-cages for 24 days or were left undisturbed in identical home-cages without running wheels. Behaviors were then examined in the open field, splash, elevated plus maze, and tail suspension tests. Gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, microglia activation-related genes, and tight junction proteins was determined in the jejunum and the hippocampus, while microbiota composition and predicted function were verified in cecum contents. Voluntary exercise reduced anxiety-like behaviors and altered grooming patterns in males exclusively. Although the exercise intervention resulted in changes to brain inflammatory activity and to cecal microbiota composition and inferred function in both sexes, reductions in the jejunal expression of pro-inflammatory markers were observed in females only. These findings support the view that voluntary exercise, even when performed during a short period, is beneficial for mental and intestinal health and that its sex-specific effects on behavior could be, at least in part, related to some components of the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Kasia Szyszkowicz
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Natasha Osborne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Christophe Nadon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Ana Santos
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Audet
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao G, Xie L, Wu Y, Wang B, Teng W, Sun Z, Kao Q, Liu W, Pi X, Ma H. Effects of urbanization and lifestyle habits on the intestinal microbiota of adolescents in eastern China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:989303. [PMID: 37378282 PMCID: PMC10291051 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.989303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Owing to urbanization, living habits have changed widely, leading to alterations in the intestinal microbiota of urban residents. However, there are few studies on the characteristics of intestinal microbiota of adolescents living in different urbanized areas in China. Methods A total of 302 fecal samples collected from adolescent students in eastern China were examined. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to identify the fecal microbiota. These data were combined with questionnaire survey results to investigate the effect of urbanization on the intestinal microbiota of adolescents in eastern China. Moreover, the role of lifestyle habits in this relationship was also evaluated. Results The results revealed significant differences in the structure of the intestinal microbiota among adolescents living in regions with different levels of urbanization. Adolescents living in urban regions had a significantly higher proportion of Bacteroides (p < 0.001, FDR = 0.004), whereas those living in towns and rural regions had higher proportions of Bifidobacterium (p < 0.001, FDR < 0.001) and Prevotella (p < 0.05, FDR = 0.019). The diversity of the intestinal microbiota was higher in urban residents than in adolescents living in towns and rural regions (p < 0.05). In addition, the differences in intestinal microbiota across individuals living in cities, towns, and rural regions were related to dietary preferences, flavor preferences, and sleep and exercise durations. Adolescents who ate more meat had more Dorea (LDA = 3.622, p = 0.04), while the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella is higher among adolescents who ate more condiments (LDA = 4.285, p = 0.02). The abundance of Dialister was significantly increased in adolescents with longer sleep durations (LDA = 4.066, p = 0.03). Adolescents who exercised for a long duration had more Faecalibacterium than those who exercised for a shorter duration (LDA = 4.303, p = 0.04). Discussion Our research has preliminarily demonstrated that there were differences in the composition of Gut microbiome in stool samples of adolescents living in different urbanized areas, and provide a scientific basis for the maintenance of a healthy intentional microbota in adolescences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Xie
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Teng
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingjun Kao
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xionge Pi
- Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Osuna-Prieto FJ, Xu H, Ortiz-Alvarez L, Di X, Kohler I, Jurado-Fasoli L, Rubio-Lopez J, Plaza-Díaz J, Vilchez-Vargas R, Link A, Gil A, Ruiz JR, Rensen PCN, Martinez-Tellez B. The relative abundance of fecal bacterial species belonging to the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla is related to plasma levels of bile acids in young adults. Metabolomics 2023; 19:54. [PMID: 37278866 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut bacteria play a crucial role in the metabolism of bile acids (BA). Whether an association exists between the fecal microbiota composition and circulating BA levels in humans is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the relationship between fecal microbiota diversity and composition with plasma levels of BA in young adults. METHODS Fecal microbiota diversity/composition was analyzed with 16S rRNA sequencing in 80 young adults (74% women; 21.9 ± 2.2 years old). Plasma levels of BA were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PERMANOVA and Spearman correlation analyses were used to investigate the association between fecal microbiota parameters and plasma levels of BA. RESULTS Fecal microbiota beta (P = 0.025) and alpha diversity indexes of evenness (rho = 0.237, P = 0.033), Shannon (rho = 0.313, P = 0.004), and inverse Simpson (rho = 0.283, P = 0.010) were positively associated with plasma levels of the secondary BA glycolithocholic acid (GLCA). The relative abundance of genera belonging to the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla was positively correlated with plasma levels of GLCA (all rho ≥ 0.225, P ≤ 0.049). However, the relative abundance of species from Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla were negatively correlated with plasma levels of primary and secondary BA (all rho ≤ - 0.220, P ≤ 0.045), except for the relative abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus, Alistipes onderdonkii, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens species (Bacteroidetes phylum) that were positively correlated with the plasma levels of GLCA. CONCLUSIONS The relative abundance of specific fecal bacteria species is associated with plasma levels of BA in young adults. However, further investigations are required to validate whether the composition of the gut microbiota can regulate the plasma concentrations of BA in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Huiwen Xu
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Xinyu Di
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Av.Conocimiento S/N, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Rubio-Lopez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Cirugía General Y del Aparato Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaen, Jaén, Spain
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ramiro Vilchez-Vargas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Link
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kelly JR, Clarke G, Harkin A, Corr SC, Galvin S, Pradeep V, Cryan JF, O'Keane V, Dinan TG. Seeking the Psilocybiome: Psychedelics meet the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100349. [PMID: 36605409 PMCID: PMC9791138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Moving towards a systems psychiatry paradigm embraces the inherent complex interactions across all levels from micro to macro and necessitates an integrated approach to treatment. Cortical 5-HT2A receptors are key primary targets for the effects of serotonergic psychedelics. However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying psychedelic therapy are complex and traverse molecular, cellular, and network levels, under the influence of biofeedback signals from the periphery and the environment. At the interface between the individual and the environment, the gut microbiome, via the gut-brain axis, plays an important role in the unconscious parallel processing systems regulating host neurophysiology. While psychedelic and microbial signalling systems operate over different timescales, the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, as a convergence hub between multiple biofeedback systems may play a role in the preparatory phase, the acute administration phase, and the integration phase of psychedelic therapy. In keeping with an interconnected systems-based approach, this review will discuss the gut microbiome and mycobiome and pathways of the MGB axis, and then explore the potential interaction between psychedelic therapy and the MGB axis and how this might influence mechanism of action and treatment response. Finally, we will discuss the possible implications for a precision medicine-based psychedelic therapy paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Sinead C. Corr
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Galvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vishnu Pradeep
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Veronica O'Keane
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Boytar AN, Skinner TL, Wallen RE, Jenkins DG, Dekker Nitert M. The Effect of Exercise Prescription on the Human Gut Microbiota and Comparison between Clinical and Apparently Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061534. [PMID: 36986264 PMCID: PMC10054511 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study systematically reviewed all human longitudinal exercise interventions that reported changes in the gut microbiota; frequency, intensity, duration and type of exercise were assessed to determine the influence of these variables on changes to the gut microbiota in both healthy individuals and clinical populations (PROPERO registration: CRD42022309854). Using PRISMA guidelines, trials analysing gut microbiota change with exercise interventions were included independent of trial randomisation, population, trial duration or analysis technique. Studies were excluded when microbiota abundance was not reported or when exercise was combined with other interventions. Twenty-eight trials were included, of which twelve involved healthy populations only and sixteen involved mixed or clinical-only populations. The findings show that participation in exercise of moderate to high-intensity for 30-90 min ≥3 times per week (or between 150-270 min per week) for ≥8 weeks is likely to produce changes in the gut microbiota. Exercise appears to be effective in modifying the gut microbiota in both clinical and healthy populations. A more robust methodology is needed in future studies to improve the certainty of the evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Boytar
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tina L Skinner
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ruby E Wallen
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David G Jenkins
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Wales SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Morita H, Kano C, Ishii C, Kagata N, Ishikawa T, Hirayama A, Uchiyama Y, Hara S, Nakamura T, Fukuda S. Bacteroides uniformis and its preferred substrate, α-cyclodextrin, enhance endurance exercise performance in mice and human males. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd2120. [PMID: 36696509 PMCID: PMC9876546 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although gut microbiota has been linked to exercise, whether alterations in the abundance of specific bacteria improve exercise performance remains ambiguous. In a cross-sectional study involving 25 male long-distance runners, we found a correlation between Bacteroides uniformis abundance in feces and the 3000-m race time. In addition, we administered flaxseed lignan or α-cyclodextrin as a test tablet to healthy, active males who regularly exercised in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to increase B. uniformis in the gut (UMIN000033748). The results indicated that α-cyclodextrin supplementation improved human endurance exercise performance. Moreover, B. uniformis administration in mice increased swimming time to exhaustion, cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and the gene expression of enzymes associated with gluconeogenesis in the liver while decreasing hepatic glycogen content. These findings indicate that B. uniformis enhances endurance exercise performance, which may be mediated by facilitating hepatic endogenous glucose production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Morita
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality & Innovations Ltd., 1-1-21, Midori, Moriya, Ibaraki 302-0106, Japan
| | - Chie Kano
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality & Innovations Ltd., 1-1-21, Midori, Moriya, Ibaraki 302-0106, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ishii
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Noriko Kagata
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ishikawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Uchiyama
- Aoyama Gakuin University Track and Field Club, Aoyama Gakuin University, 4-4-25 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8366, Japan
- School of International Politics, Economics and Communication, Aoyama Gakuin University, 4-4-25 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8366, Japan
| | - Susumu Hara
- Aoyama Gakuin University Track and Field Club, Aoyama Gakuin University, 4-4-25 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8366, Japan
- School of Global Studies and Collaboration, Aoyama Gakuin University, 4-4-25 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8366, Japan
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality & Innovations Ltd., 1-1-21, Midori, Moriya, Ibaraki 302-0106, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
- Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Laboratory for Regenerative Microbiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Paiva AKF, de Oliveira EP, Mancini L, Paoli A, Mota JF. Effects of probiotic supplementation on performance of resistance and aerobic exercises: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:153-167. [PMID: 35950956 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Strenuous exercise may lead to negative acute physiological effects that can impair athletic performance. Some recent studies suggest that probiotic supplementation can curtail these effects by reducing the permeability of the intestinal barrier, yet results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effects of probiotic supplementation on athletic performance. DATA SOURCES The PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched for articles that assessed the effects of probiotic supplementation on athletic performance. DATA EXTRACTION THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IS REPORTED ACCORDING TO PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed through the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Seventeen randomized clinical trials assessing athletic performance as the primary outcome were included. In total, 496 individuals (73% male) comprising athletes, recreationally trained individuals, and untrained healthy individuals aged 18 to 40 years were investigated. DATA ANALYSIS Three studies showed an increase or an attenuation of aerobic performance (decline in time to exhaustion on the treadmill) after supplementation with probiotics, while 3 found an increase in strength. However, most studies (n = 11) showed no effect of probiotic consumption on aerobic performance (n = 9) or muscular strength (n = 2). The most frequently used strain was Lactobacillus acidophilus, used in 2 studies that observed positive results on performance. Studies that used Lactobacillus plantarum TK10 and Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 also demonstrated positive effects on aerobic performance and strength, but they had high risk of bias, which implies low confidence about the actual effect of treatment. CONCLUSION There is not enough evidence to support the hypothesis that probiotics can improve performance in resistance and aerobic exercises. Further well-controlled studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne K F de Paiva
- are with the School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Erick P de Oliveira
- with the Laboratory of Nutrition, Exercise and Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laura Mancini
- are with the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,are with the Human Inspired Technology Research Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- are with the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,are with the Human Inspired Technology Research Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,with the Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - João F Mota
- are with the School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.,is with the Graduate Program of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, UniEvangélica, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ampatzoglou A, Gruszecka‐Kosowska A, Aguilera‐Gómez M. Microbiota analysis for risk assessment of xenobiotics: toxicomicrobiomics, incorporating the gut microbiome in the risk assessment of xenobiotics and identifying beneficial components for One Health. EFSA J 2022; 20:e200915. [PMID: 36531267 PMCID: PMC9749437 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explores three areas of relevance to the gut microbiome in the context of One Health; the incorporation of the microbiome in food safety risk assessment of xenobiotics; the identification and application of beneficial microbial components to various areas under One Health, and specifically, in the context of antimicrobial resistance. We conclude that, although challenging, focusing on the microbiota resilience, function and active components, are critical for advancing the incorporation of the gut microbiome in the risk assessment of xenobiotics. Moreover, research technologies, such as toxicomicrobiomics, culturomics and genomics, especially in combination, have revealed that the human microbiota may be a promising source of beneficial taxa or other components, with the potential to metabolise and biodegrade xenobiotics. These may have possible applications in several health areas, including in animals or plants for detoxification or in the environment for bioremediation. This approach would be of particular interest for antimicrobials, with the potential to ameliorate antimicrobial resistance development. Finally, we propose that the concept of resistance to xenobiotics in the context of the gut microbiome may deserve further investigation in the pursuit of holistically elucidating their involvement in the balance between health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Ampatzoglou
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food TechnologyUniversity of Granada (INYTA‐UGR)GranadaSpain
| | | | - Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food TechnologyUniversity of Granada (INYTA‐UGR)GranadaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Boytar AN, Nitert MD, Morrision M, Skinner TL, Jenkins DG. Exercise-induced changes to the human gut microbiota and implications for colorectal cancer: a narrative review. J Physiol 2022; 600:5189-5201. [PMID: 36369926 PMCID: PMC10099575 DOI: 10.1113/jp283702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with reduced risks of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, recurrence and mortality. While these findings are consistent, the mechanism/s underlying this association remain unclear. Growing evidence supports the many ways in which differing characteristics of the gut microbiota can be tumourigenic or protective against CRC. CRC is characterised by significant dysbiosis including reduced short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Recent findings suggest that exercise can modify the gut microbiota, and these changes are inverse to the changes seen with CRC; however, this exercise-microbiota interaction is currently understudied in CRC. This review summarises parallel areas of research that are rapidly developing: The exercise-gut microbiota research and cancer-gut microbiota research and highlights the salient similarities. Preliminary evidence suggests that these areas are linked, with exercise mediating changes that promote the antitumorigenic characteristics of the gut microbiota. Future mechanistic and population-specific studies are warranted to confirm the physiological mechanism/s by which exercise changes the gut microbiota, and the influence of the exercise-gut interaction on cancer specific outcomes in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Boytar
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Morrision
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tina L Skinner
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David G Jenkins
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia.,Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang YW, Cao MM, Li YJ, Chen XX, Yu Q, Rui YF. A narrative review of the moderating effects and repercussion of exercise intervention on osteoporosis: ingenious involvement of gut microbiota and its metabolites. J Transl Med 2022; 20:490. [PMID: 36303163 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by the decreased bone mass and destruction of bone microstructure, which tends to result in the enhanced bone fragility and related fractures, as well as high disability rate and mortality. Exercise is one of the most common, reliable and cost-effective interventions for the prevention and treatment of OP currently, and numerous studies have revealed the close association between gut microbiota (GM) and bone metabolism recently. Moreover, exercise can alter the structure, composition and abundance of GM, and further influence the body health via GM and its metabolites, and the changes of GM also depend on the choice of exercise modes. Herein, combined with relevant studies and based on the inseparable relationship between exercise intervention-GM-OP, this review is aimed to discuss the moderating effects and potential mechanisms of exercise intervention on GM and bone metabolism, as well as the interaction between them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mu-Min Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ying-Juan Li
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiang-Xu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qian Yu
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yun-Feng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China. .,Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China. .,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China. .,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Himbert C, Stephens WZ, Gigic B, Hardikar S, Holowatyj AN, Lin T, Ose J, Swanson E, Ashworth A, Warby CA, Peoples AR, Nix D, Jedrzkiewicz J, Bronner M, Pickron B, Scaife C, Cohan JN, Schrotz-King P, Habermann N, Boehm J, Hullar M, Figueiredo JC, Toriola AT, Siegel EM, Li CI, Ulrich AB, Shibata D, Boucher K, Huang LC, Schneider M, Round JL, Ulrich CM. Differences in the gut microbiome by physical activity and BMI among colorectal cancer patients. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4789-4801. [PMID: 36381318 PMCID: PMC9641409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations of energy balance components, including physical activity and obesity, with colorectal cancer risk and mortality are well established. However, the gut microbiome has not been investigated as underlying mechanism. We investigated associations of physical activity, BMI, and combinations of physical activity/BMI with gut microbiome diversity and differential abundances among colorectal cancer patients. N=179 patients with colorectal cancer (stages I-IV) were included in the study. Pre-surgery stool samples were used to perform 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina). Physical activity (MET hrs/wk) during the year before diagnosis was assessed by questionnaire and participants were classified as being active vs. inactive based on guidelines. BMI at baseline was abstracted from medical records. Patients were classified into four combinations of physical activity levels/BMI. Lower gut microbial diversity was observed among 'inactive' vs. 'active' patients (Shannon: P=0.01, Simpson: P=0.03), 'obese' vs. 'normal weight' patients (Shannon, Simpson, and Observed species: P=0.02, respectively), and 'overweight/obese/inactive' vs. 'normal weight/active' patients (Shannon: P=0.02, Observed species: P=0.04). Results differed by sex and tumor site. Two phyla and 12 genera (Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria, Adlercreutzia, Anaerococcus, Clostridium, Eubacterium, Mogibacteriaceae, Olsenella, Peptinophilus, Pyramidobacter, RFN20, Ruminococcus, Succinivibrio, Succiniclasticum) were differentially abundant across physical activity and BMI groups. This is the first evidence for associations of physical activity with gut microbiome diversity and abundances, directly among colorectal cancer patients. Our results indicate that physical activity may offset gut microbiome dysbiosis due to obesity. Alterations in gut microbiota may contribute mechanistically to the energy balance-colorectal cancer link and impact clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Himbert
- University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Sheetal Hardikar
- University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andreana N Holowatyj
- University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
| | - Tengda Lin
- University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jennifer Ose
- University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anita R Peoples
- University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David Nix
- University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jolanta Jedrzkiewicz
- University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mary Bronner
- University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bartley Pickron
- University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Courtney Scaife
- University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jessica N Cohan
- University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Erin M Siegel
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - David Shibata
- University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphis, TN, USA
| | - Kenneth Boucher
- University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lyen C Huang
- University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xie Z, Xu G, Miao F, Kong H, Hu M, Wang Y. Predator Presence Alters Intestinal Microbiota in Mussel. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02106-5. [PMID: 36068360 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbes are essential participants in host vital activities. The composition of the microbiota is closely related to the environmental factors. Predator presence may impact on intestinal microbiota of prey. In the present study, stone crab Charybdis japonica was used as potential predator, an external stress on mussel Mytilus coruscus, to investigate the intestinal microbiota alteration in M. coruscus. We set up two forms of predator presence including free crab and trapped crab, with a blank treatment without crab. The composition of intestinal microbiota in mussels among different treatments showed significant differences by 16S rRNA techniques. The biodiversity increased with trapped crab presence, but decreased with free crab presence. Neisseria, the most abundant genus, fell with the presence of crabs. Besides, the Arcobacter, a kind of pathogenic bacteria, increased with free crab presence. Regarding PICRUTs analysis, Environmental Information Processing, Genetic Information Processing and Metabolism showed differences in crab presence treatments compared with the blank, with a bit higher in the presence of free crab than trapped crab. In conclusion, trapped crab effects activated the metabolism and immunity of the intestinal flora, but free crabs made mussels more susceptible to disease and mortality, corresponding to the decreased biodiversity and the increased Arcobacter in their intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xie
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Guangen Xu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Fengze Miao
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hui Kong
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Marusakova M, Dudik B, Hadova K, Kmecova Z, Kralova E, Krenek P, Bilkova A, Klimas J. Physical activity enhances fecal lactobacilli in rats chronically drinking sweetened cola beverage. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:686-694. [PMID: 35836428 PMCID: PMC9237421 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have been linked with increased intake of sugar-sweetened beverages. On the other hand, physical activity has been known to lead to weight loss. Therefore, we hypothesized that exercise might influence the Lactobacillus population in fecal microbiota as their changed abundance is often associated with shifts in the physical activity and diet. In our experiment, Wistar rats were allocated into groups with normal feed or added sugar-sweetened beverages with or without access to a running wheel. Interestingly, only a combination of physical activity and sweetened beverage intake was associated with a significant increase in fecal lactobacilli abundance, suggesting a connection between exercise and a rise in lactobacilli abundance. Moreover, physical activity has improved weight-related parameters and led to increased plasma and mRNA adiponectin levels. Ghrelin and leptin plasma levels were unaltered. Taken together, our results demonstrate that effect of physical activity on adiposity even during unhealthy feeding patterns is accompanied by increased lactobacilli abundance in the fecal microbiota population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Marusakova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Dudik
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Hadova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kmecova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Kralova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Krenek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Bilkova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Klimas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yin H, Huang J, Hu M. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Improves Endothelial Function by Altering Gut Microbiome Composition in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. J NIPPON MED SCH 2022; 89:316-327. [PMID: 35768269 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2022_89-307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity changes gut microbial ecology and is related to endothelial dysfunction. Although the correlation between gut microbial ecology and endothelial dysfunction has been studied in obese persons, the underlying mechanisms by which exercise enhances endothelial function in this group remain unclear. This study investigated whether exercise improves endothelial function and alters gut microbiome composition in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS Obesity was induced by an HFD for 11 weeks. Whole-body composition and endothelium-dependent relaxation of mesenteric arteries were measured. Blood biochemical tests were performed, and gut microbiomes were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq platform. RESULTS Exercise training for 8 weeks improved body composition in HFD-fed rats. Furthermore, compared with the untrained/HFD group, aerobic exercise significantly increased acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric arteries (P < 0.05) and circulating vascular endothelial growth factor levels (P < 0.01) and decreased circulating C-reactive protein levels (P < 0.05). In addition, exercise and HFD resulted in alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome; exercise reduced the relative abundance of Clostridiales and Romboutsia. Moreover, 12 species of bacteria, including Romboutsia, were significantly associated with parameters of endothelial function in the overall sample. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that aerobic exercise enhances endothelial function in HFD-fed rats by altering the composition of the gut microbiota. These findings provide new insights on the application of physical exercise for improving endothelial function in obese persons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Yin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University
| | - Junhao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University
| | - Min Hu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport.,Department of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Giron M, Thomas M, Dardevet D, Chassard C, Savary-Auzeloux I. Gut microbes and muscle function: can probiotics make our muscles stronger? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1460-1476. [PMID: 35278043 PMCID: PMC9178375 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that gut microbiota composition and diversity can be a determinant of skeletal muscle metabolism and functionality. This is true in catabolic (sarcopenia and cachexia) or anabolic (exercise or in athletes) situations. As gut microbiota is known to be causal in the development and worsening of metabolic dysregulation phenotypes such as obesity or insulin resistance, it can regulate, at least partially, skeletal muscle mass and function. Skeletal muscles are physiologically far from the gut. Signals generated by the gut due to its interaction with the gut microbiome (microbial metabolites, gut peptides, lipopolysaccharides, and interleukins) constitute links between gut microbiota activity and skeletal muscle and regulate muscle functionality via modulation of systemic/tissue inflammation as well as insulin sensitivity. The probiotics able to limit sarcopenia and cachexia or promote health performances in rodents are mainly lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. In humans, the same bacteria have been tested, but the scarcity of the studies, the variability of the populations, and the difficulty to measure accurately and with high reproducibility muscle mass and function have not allowed to highlight specific strains able to optimize muscle mass and function. Further studies are required on more defined population, in order to design personalized nutrition. For elderly, testing the efficiency of probiotics according to the degree of frailty, nutritional state, or degree of sarcopenia before supplementation is essential. For exercise, selection of probiotics capable to be efficient in recreational and/or elite athletes, resistance, and/or endurance exercise would also require further attention. Ultimately, a combination of strategies capable to optimize muscle functionality, including bacteria (new microbes, bacterial ecosystems, or mix, more prone to colonize a specific gut ecosystem) associated with prebiotics and other 'traditional' supplements known to stimulate muscle anabolism (e.g. proteins), could be the best way to preserve muscle functionality in healthy individuals at all ages or patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Giron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INRAE UMR0545, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le Fromage, Aurillac, France
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE UMR1319, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Aczel D, Gyorgy B, Bakonyi P, BukhAri R, Pinho R, Boldogh I, Yaodong G, Radak Z. The Systemic Effects of Exercise on the Systemic Effects of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11051028. [PMID: 35624892 PMCID: PMC9137920 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia in the elderly. The etiology of AD is multifactorial, including an increased oxidative state, deposition of amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles of the tau protein. The formation of amyloid plaques is considered one of the first signs of the illness, but only in the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, results indicate that AD is not just localized in the brain but is also found in organs distant from the brain, such as the cardiovascular system, gut microbiome, liver, testes, and kidney. These observations make AD a complex systemic disorder. Still, no effective medications have been found, but regular physical activity has been considered to have a positive impact on this challenging disease. While several articles have been published on the benefits of physical activity on AD development in the CNS, its peripheral effects have not been discussed in detail. The provocative question arising is the following: is it possible that the beneficial effects of regular exercise on AD are due to the systemic impact of training, rather than just the effects of exercise on the brain? If so, does this mean that the level of fitness of these peripheral organs can directly or indirectly influence the incidence or progress of AD? Therefore, the present paper aims to summarize the systemic effects of both regular exercise and AD and point out how common exercise-induced adaptation via peripheral organs can decrease the incidence of AD or attenuate the progress of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Aczel
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; (D.A.); (B.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Bernadett Gyorgy
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; (D.A.); (B.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Peter Bakonyi
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; (D.A.); (B.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
| | - RehAn BukhAri
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; (D.A.); (B.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Ricardo Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil;
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Gu Yaodong
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary; (D.A.); (B.G.); (P.B.); (R.B.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-3565764; Fax: +36-1-3566337
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ampatzoglou A, Gruszecka-Kosowska A, Torres-Sánchez A, López-Moreno A, Cerk K, Ortiz P, Monteoliva-Sánchez M, Aguilera M. Incorporating the Gut Microbiome in the Risk Assessment of Xenobiotics and Identifying Beneficial Components for One Health. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:872583. [PMID: 35602014 PMCID: PMC9116292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.872583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three areas of relevance to the gut microbiome in the context of One Health were explored; the incorporation of the microbiome in food safety risk assessment of xenobiotics; the identification and application of beneficial microbial components to various areas under One Health, and; specifically, in the context of antimicrobial resistance. Although challenging, focusing on the microbiota resilience, function and active components is critical for advancing the incorporation of microbiome data in the risk assessment of xenobiotics. Moreover, the human microbiota may be a promising source of beneficial components, with the potential to metabolize xenobiotics. These may have possible applications in several areas, e.g., in animals or plants for detoxification or in the environment for biodegradation. This approach would be of particular interest for antimicrobials, with the potential to ameliorate antimicrobial resistance development. Finally, the concept of resistance to xenobiotics in the context of the gut microbiome may deserve further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Ampatzoglou
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
- Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alfonso Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana López-Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
- IBS: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., Granada, Spain
| | - Klara Cerk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Ortiz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Monteoliva-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
| | - Margarita Aguilera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix” (INYTA), UGR, Granada, Spain
- IBS: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wei Y, Peng S, Lian C, Kang Q, Chen J. Anorexia nervosa and gut microbiome: implications for weight change and novel treatments. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:321-332. [PMID: 35303781 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2056017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Host-microbiota interactions may be involved in many physical and psychological functions ranging from the digestion of food, maintenance of immune homeostasis, to the regulation of mood and cognition. Microbiome dysbiosis has been consistently described in many diseases. The pathogenesis and weight regulation mechanism in anorexia nervosa (AN) also seem to be implicated in the dynamic bidirectional adjustment of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This review aims at elucidating this relationship. AREA COVERED This review starts with a description of pathogenic gut-brain pathways. Next, we focus on the latest research on the associations between gut microbiota and weight change in the condition of AN. The strategies to alter the intestinal microbiome for the treatment of this disorder are discussed, including dietary, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. EXPERT OPINION Gut microbiome is inextricably linked to AN. It may regulate weight gain in the process of refeeding via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, while the specific mechanism has yet to be clearly established. In the future, a better understanding of gut microbiome could have implications for developing microbiome-based prevention, diagnostics and therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Wei
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sufang Peng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Lian
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Kang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gut Seasons: Photoperiod Effects on Fecal Microbiota in Healthy and Cafeteria-Induced Obese Fisher 344 Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030722. [PMID: 35277081 PMCID: PMC8839759 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and biological rhythms are emerging as key factors in the modulation of several physiological and metabolic processes. However, little is known about their interaction and how this may affect host physiology and metabolism. Several studies have shown oscillations of gut microbiota that follows a circadian rhythmicity, but, in contrast, variations due to seasonal rhythms have not been sufficiently investigated yet. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the impact of different photoperiods, which mimic seasonal changes, on fecal microbiota composition and how this interaction affects diet-induced obesity development. To this aim, Fisher 344 male rats were housed under three photoperiods (L6, L12 and L18) and fed with standard chow diet or cafeteria diet (CAF) for 9 weeks. The 16S ribosomal sequencing of collected fecal samples was performed. The photoperiod exposure significantly altered the fecal microbiota composition under L18, especially in CAF-fed rats. Moreover, these alterations were associated with changes in body weight gain and different fat parameters. These findings suggest a clear impact of seasonal rhythms on gut microbiota, which ultimately translates into different susceptibilities to diet-induced obesity development. This is the first time to our knowledge that the photoperiod impact on gut microbiota composition has been described in an obesity context although further studies are needed in order to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
|
29
|
Appleyard CB, Cruz ML, Velazquez-Cruz J, Rivera-Mendez RM, Jimenez-Garcia JG, Rivera LA, Mendez-Casillas MDM, Flores I, Al-Nakkash L, Chompre G. Voluntary Wheel Running Reduces Vesicle Development in an Endometriosis Animal Model Through Modulation of Immune Parameters. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2022; 3. [PMID: 36284640 PMCID: PMC9580825 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.826541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder characterized by the growth of endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrial cavity producing inflammation and pain. Previously we demonstrated that modulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis exacerbates the development and severity of this condition. A physically active lifestyle has been shown to confer health benefits in many chronic conditions by potentially acting as a stress buffer, thus we hypothesized that voluntary physical exercise can “realign/reset” the HPA axis resulting in reduced endometriosis symptoms in an animal model. Methods Endometriosis was induced in female Sprague Dawley rats by implanting uterine tissue next to the intestinal mesentery on day 0. Sham controls received sutures only. One group of endometriosis animals had access to a running wheel for 2 weeks prior to endometriosis induction until time of sacrifice at day 60. Sham and endometriosis controls received no exercise. All animals were examined for developed vesicles which were collected and measured. Uterine tissue was analyzed for cellular infiltration. Brain, liver, spleen, adrenal glands, leg muscles, and fat were collected, along with peritoneal fluid and blood. Results Endometriosis animals developed vesicles in 86.96% of the implants with significantly increased mesenteric fat compared to sham (p < 0.05). Exposure to exercise significantly decreased the size (p < 0.01) and number (p < 0.05) of vesicles that developed, as well as the mesenteric fat (p < 0.01). Exercised animals had higher levels of lactoferrin in peritoneal fluid, and decreased serum fractalkine and leptin. Exercise significantly increased estrogen alpha receptor expression levels (p < 0.01), while significantly decreasing estrogen receptor beta expression (p < 0.01) and macrophage infiltration (p < 0.05) in vesicles compared to non- exercised animals. Conclusions Our results suggest that voluntary physical activity might protect against endometriosis and alleviate the associated inflammation via immune modulation of the HPA axis. This offers the potential for further exploration of exercise as a complementary therapy in endometriosis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B. Appleyard
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- *Correspondence: Caroline B. Appleyard
| | - Myrella L. Cruz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Raquel M. Rivera-Mendez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan G. Jimenez-Garcia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Luis A. Rivera
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Idhaliz Flores
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Gladys Chompre
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Biology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Armstrong LE, Bergeron MF, Lee EC, Mershon JE, Armstrong EM. Overtraining Syndrome as a Complex Systems Phenomenon. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 1:794392. [PMID: 36925581 PMCID: PMC10013019 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2021.794392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of reduced athletic performance following sustained, intense training (Overtraining Syndrome, and OTS) was first recognized more than 90 years ago. Although hundreds of scientific publications have focused on OTS, a definitive diagnosis, reliable biomarkers, and effective treatments remain unknown. The present review considers existing models of OTS, acknowledges the individualized and sport-specific nature of signs/symptoms, describes potential interacting predisposing factors, and proposes that OTS will be most effectively characterized and evaluated via the underlying complex biological systems. Complex systems in nature are not aptly characterized or successfully analyzed using the classic scientific method (i.e., simplifying complex problems into single variables in a search for cause-and-effect) because they result from myriad (often non-linear) concomitant interactions of multiple determinants. Thus, this review 1) proposes that OTS be viewed from the perspectives of complex systems and network physiology, 2) advocates for and recommends that techniques such as trans-omic analyses and machine learning be widely employed, and 3) proposes evidence-based areas for future OTS investigations, including concomitant multi-domain analyses incorporating brain neural networks, dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to training stress, the intestinal microbiota, immune factors, and low energy availability. Such an inclusive and modern approach will measurably help in prevention and management of OTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael F. Bergeron
- Sport Sciences and Medicine and Performance Health, WTA Women’s Tennis Association, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Elaine C. Lee
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - James E. Mershon
- Department of Energy and Renewables, Heriot-Watt University, Stromness, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ortega MA, Alvarez-Mon MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Guijarro LG, Lahera G, Monserrat J, Valls P, Mora F, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Quintero J, Álvarez-Mon M. Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder-Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010050. [PMID: 35050172 PMCID: PMC8778125 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem essential for the proper functioning of the organism, affecting the health and disease status of the individuals. There is continuous and bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the host, conforming to a unique entity known as "holobiont". Among these crosstalk mechanisms, the gut microbiota synthesizes a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds or metabolites which exert pleiotropic effects on the human organism. Many of these microbial metabolites can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or have significant effects on the brain, playing a key role in the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. An altered microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a major characteristic of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Significative differences between gut eubiosis and dysbiosis in mental disorders like MDD with their different metabolite composition and concentrations are being discussed. In the present review, the main microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids -SCFAs-, bile acids, amino acids, tryptophan -trp- derivatives, and more), their signaling pathways and functions will be summarized to explain part of MDD pathophysiology. Conclusions from promising translational approaches related to microbial metabolome will be addressed in more depth to discuss their possible clinical value in the management of MDD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (J.Q.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Paula Valls
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
| | - Fernando Mora
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (Imas 12)/CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Quintero
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dinan TG, Kennedy PJ, Morais LH, Murphy A, Long-Smith CM, Moloney GM, Bastiaanssen TF, Allen AP, Collery A, Mullins D, Cusack AM, Berding K, O'Toole PW, Clarke G, Stanton C, Cryan JF. Altered stress responses in adults born by Caesarean section. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 16:100425. [PMID: 35024387 PMCID: PMC8733342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Birth by Caesarean-section (C-section), which increases the risk for metabolic and immune disorders, disrupts the normal initial microbial colonisation of the gut, in addition to preventing early priming of the stress and immune-systems.. Animal studies have shown there are enduring psychological processes in C-section born mice. However, the long-term impact of microbiota-gut-brain axis disruptions due to birth by C-section on psychological processes in humans is unknown. Forty age matched healthy young male university students born vaginally and 36 C-section delivered male students were recruited. Participants underwent an acute stressor, the Trier social stress test (TSST), during a term-time study visit. A subset of participants also completed a study visit during the university exam period, representing a naturalistic stressor. Participants completed a battery of cognitive tests and self-report measures assessing mood, anxiety, and perceived stress. Saliva, blood, and stool samples were collected for analysis of cortisol, peripheral immune profile, and the gut microbiota. Young adults born by C-section exhibit increased psychological vulnerability to acute stress and a prolonged period of exam-related stress. They did not exhibit an altered salivary cortisol awakening response to the TSST, but their measures of positive affect were significantly lower than controls throughout the procedure. Both C-section and vaginally-delivered participants performed equally well on cognitive assessments. Most of the initial effects of delivery mode on the gut microbiome did not persist into adulthood as the gut microbiota profile showed modest changes in composition in adult vaginally-delivered and C-sectioned delivered subjects. From an immune perspective, concentrations of IL-1β and 1L-10 were higher in C-section participants. These data confirm that there is a potential enduring effect of delivery mode on the psychological responses to acute stress during early adulthood. The mental health implications of these observations require further study regarding policies on C-section use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G. Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul J. Kennedy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Livia H. Morais
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Amy Murphy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Gerard M. Moloney
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Andrew P. Allen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aoife Collery
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Mullins
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Kirsten Berding
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W. O'Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kobek-Kjeldager C, Schönherz AA, Canibe N, Pedersen LJ. Diet and microbiota-gut-brain axis in relation to tail biting in pigs: A review. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
34
|
Liu L, Zhang J, Cheng Y, Zhu M, Xiao Z, Ruan G, Wei Y. Gut microbiota: A new target for T2DM prevention and treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:958218. [PMID: 36034447 PMCID: PMC9402911 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.958218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the fastest growing metabolic diseases, has been characterized by metabolic disorders including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance (IR). In recent years, T2DM has become the fastest growing metabolic disease in the world. Studies have indicated that patients with T2DM are often associated with intestinal flora disorders and dysfunction involving multiple organs. Metabolites of the intestinal flora, such as bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and amino acids (AAs)may influence to some extent the decreased insulin sensitivity associated with T2DM dysfunction and regulate metabolic as well as immune homeostasis. In this paper, we review the changes in the gut flora in T2DM and the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota modulates metabolites affecting T2DM, which may provide a basis for the early identification of T2DM-susceptible individuals and guide targeted interventions. Finally, we also highlight gut microecological therapeutic strategies focused on shaping the gut flora to inform the improvement of T2DM progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiheng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guangcong Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanling Wei, ; Guangcong Ruan,
| | - Yanling Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanling Wei, ; Guangcong Ruan,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jalodia R, Kolli U, Braniff RG, Tao J, Abu YF, Chupikova I, Moidunny S, Ramakrishnan S, Roy S. Morphine mediated neutrophil infiltration in intestinal tissue play essential role in histological damage and microbial dysbiosis. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2143225. [PMID: 36409161 PMCID: PMC9683065 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2143225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbial ecosystem exhibits a complex bidirectional communication with the host and is one of the key contributing factors in determining mucosal immune homeostasis or an inflammatory state. Opioid use has been established to induce gut microbial dysbiosis consistent with increased intestinal tissue inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of infiltrated immune cells in morphine-induced intestinal tissue damage and gut microbial dysbiosis in mice. Results reveal a significant increase in chemokine expression in intestinal tissues followed by increased neutrophil infiltration post morphine treatment which is direct consequence of a dysbiotic microbiome since the effect is attenuated in antibiotics treated animals and in germ-free mice. Neutrophil neutralization using anti-Ly6G monoclonal antibody showed a significant decrease in tissue damage and an increase in tight junction protein organization. 16S rRNA sequencing on intestinal samples highlighted the role of infiltrated neutrophils in modulating microbial community structure by providing a growth benefit for pathogenic bacteria, such as Enterococcus, and simultaneously causing a significant depletion of commensal bacteria, such as Lactobacillus. Taken together, we provide the first direct evidence that neutrophil infiltration contributes to morphine-induced intestinal tissue damage and gut microbial dysbiosis. Our findings implicate that inhibition of neutrophil infiltration may provide therapeutic benefits against gastrointestinal dysfunctions associated with opioid use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Jalodia
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Udhghatri Kolli
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Junyi Tao
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yaa Fosuah Abu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irina Chupikova
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shamsudheen Moidunny
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sundaram Ramakrishnan
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li X, Zhang C, Huang L, Hou J. Physical Exercise in New Health Concepts: A Clinician Point of View. BIO INTEGRATION 2022. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2021-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guandong, P.R. China
| | - Cixin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Pingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | | | - Jingyi Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guandong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a major public health concern with an increasing prevalence. Recent studies suggest an influence of gastrointestinal microbiota on obesity. Consequently, microbiota restoration therapies are being considered as potential management. We present data on microbiome markers and the future of microbiota therapeutics for obesity. AREAS COVERED We summarize the pathogenesis of obesity, relationship between gut microbiota and obesity, use of microbiota-based therapies. Data were gathered by a literature search of articles in PubMed from the date of inception till August 2020. Keywords used were 'gut microbiota,' 'gut microbiome,' 'microbiota,' 'microbiome,' 'obesity,' and 'obesity and fecal microbiota transplantation' as MeSH terms. EXPERT OPINION The direct relationship of gut microbiota in causing obesity needs exploration. Because of the scarcity of human studies, the utility of microbiota-based therapies as treatment remains uncertain and the use of microbiome restoration for obesity should be restricted to research settings. To evaluate the efficacy of microbiota restoration, studies using these therapies as an adjunct with diet and lifestyle should be conducted. Once relationships between bacterial strains and the human metabolic profile are determined, these strains could be cultured for transfer to obese patients. Such advancement could help in tailoring personalized therapies for obese persons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Sehgal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sahil Khanna
- Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shen X, Li L, Sun Z, Zang G, Zhang L, Shao C, Wang Z. Gut Microbiota and Atherosclerosis-Focusing on the Plaque Stability. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:668532. [PMID: 34414217 PMCID: PMC8368126 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.668532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major causes of mortality and morbidity in the modern society. The rupture of atherosclerotic plaque can induce thrombus formation, which is the main cause of acute cardiovascular events. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that there are some relationships between microbiota and atherosclerosis. In this review, we will focus on the effect of the microbiota and the microbe-derived metabolites, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), on the stability of atherosclerotic plaque. Finally, we will conclude with some therapies based on the microbiota and its metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kent JA, Hayes KL. Exercise Physiology From 1980 to 2020: Application of the Natural Sciences. KINESIOLOGY REVIEW (CHAMPAIGN, ILL.) 2021; 10:238-247. [PMID: 35464337 PMCID: PMC9022627 DOI: 10.1123/kr.2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of exercise physiology has enjoyed tremendous growth in the past 40 years. With its foundations in the natural sciences, it is an interdisciplinary field that is highly relevant to human performance and health. The focus of this review is on highlighting new approaches, knowledge, and opportunities that have emerged in exercise physiology over the last four decades. Key among these is the adoption of advanced technologies by exercise physiologists to address fundamental research questions, and the expansion of research topics to range from molecular to organismal, and population scales in order to clarify the underlying mechanisms and impact of physiological responses to exercise in health and disease. Collectively, these advances have ensured the position of the field as a partner in generating new knowledge across many scientific and health disciplines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Kent
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kate L Hayes
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Phillips-Farfán B, Gómez-Chávez F, Medina-Torres EA, Vargas-Villavicencio JA, Carvajal-Aguilera K, Camacho L. Microbiota Signals during the Neonatal Period Forge Life-Long Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158162. [PMID: 34360926 PMCID: PMC8348731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota regulates immunological development during early human life, with long-term effects on health and disease. Microbial products include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), formyl peptides (FPs), polysaccharide A (PSA), polyamines (PAs), sphingolipids (SLPs) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands. Anti-inflammatory SCFAs are produced by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia by undigested-carbohydrate fermentation. Thus, fiber amount and type determine their occurrence. FPs bind receptors from the pattern recognition family, those from commensal bacteria induce a different response than those from pathogens. PSA is a capsular polysaccharide from B. fragilis stimulating immunoregulatory protein expression, promoting IL-2, STAT1 and STAT4 gene expression, affecting cytokine production and response modulation. PAs interact with neonatal immunity, contribute to gut maturation, modulate the gut–brain axis and regulate host immunity. SLPs are composed of a sphingoid attached to a fatty acid. Prokaryotic SLPs are mostly found in anaerobes. SLPs are involved in proliferation, apoptosis and immune regulation as signaling molecules. The AhR is a transcription factor regulating development, reproduction and metabolism. AhR binds many ligands due to its promiscuous binding site. It participates in immune tolerance, involving lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells during early development in exposed humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Phillips-Farfán
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (B.P.-F.); (K.C.-A.)
| | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (F.G.-C.); (J.A.V.-V.)
- Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico
- Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | | | | | - Karla Carvajal-Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (B.P.-F.); (K.C.-A.)
| | - Luz Camacho
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (B.P.-F.); (K.C.-A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Iglesias D, Masson W, Barbagelata L, Rossi E, Mora M, Cornejo G, Lagoria J, Belziti C, Vulcano N, Marenchino R, Pizarro R, Ventura H. Prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise test after heart transplantation. Clin Transplant 2021; 35:e14387. [PMID: 34153128 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical utility of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has not been extensively studied yet in heart transplantation (HTX) patients. OBJECTIVE To analyze the predictive value of the CPET on hospitalizations and mortality in HTX recipients. METHODS A retrospective cohort was performed from a secondary database. Patients > 18 years with HTX who underwent a CPET between 3 and 12 months after transplantation were included. Time to the first primary endpoint (HTX-related hospitalization) was analyzed and adjusted using Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS A total of 122 patients (mean age 50.1 years, 77.0% men) were included. Fifty-seven patients (46.7%) had the primary endpoint. Peak VO2 (HR .95; CI 95% .90-.99, P = .03), oxygen pulse (HR .57; CI 95% .34-.96, P = .03) and predicted VO2 (HR .97; CI 95% .96-.99, P = .002) were associated with the endpoint. We did not find a significant association between the other variables and the outcome. CONCLUSION In HTX recipients, peak VO2 , oxygen pulse, and predicted VO2 were independently associated with hospitalizations at follow up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Iglesias
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Masson
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Barbagelata
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Rossi
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mishel Mora
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Cornejo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Lagoria
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cesar Belziti
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norberto Vulcano
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marenchino
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Pizarro
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hector Ventura
- Section Cardiomyopathy and Heart Transplantation, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Luo J, Liang S, Jin F. Gut microbiota in antiviral strategy from bats to humans: a missing link in COVID-19. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:942-956. [PMID: 33521857 PMCID: PMC7847806 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bats are a potential natural reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 virus and other viruses detrimental to humans. Accumulated evidence has shown that, in their adaptation to a flight-based lifestyle, remodeling of the gut microbiota in bats may have contributed to immune tolerance to viruses. This evidence from bats provides profound insights into the potential influence of gut microbiota in COVID-19 disease in humans. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota helps bats tolerate deadly viruses, and summarize the current clinical evidence on the influence of gut microbiota on the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of COVID-19 leading to a fatal outcome. In addition, we discuss the implications of gut microbiota-targeted approaches for preventing infection and reducing disease severity in COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Luo
- Department of Psychology, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Shan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Morishima S, Aoi W, Kawamura A, Kawase T, Takagi T, Naito Y, Tsukahara T, Inoue R. Intensive, prolonged exercise seemingly causes gut dysbiosis in female endurance runners. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021. [PMID: 34025029 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive, prolonged exercise is known to induce gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea, with gut dysbiosis suggested as being one of the causatives. In the present study, we wanted to investigate the relationship between intensive exercise and the gut microbiota status. To that end, the microbiota, the moisture content and the bacterial metabolites (e.g., organic acids) of female endurance runners (n = 15) and those of non-athletic but healthy, age-matching female controls (n = 14) were compared. The analysis of the gut microbiota analysis showed that, unlike control subjects, female endurance runners had distinct microbiotas, with some bacteria found in higher abundances likely being involved in gut inflammation. The concentration of succinate, a gut bacterial metabolite regarded as undesirable when accumulated in the lumen, was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the female endurance runners. Faecalibacterium, that was significantly (p<0.05) abundant in female endurance runners, can produce succinate in certain environments and hence may contribute to succinate accumulation, at least partly. The present work suggested that the gut microbiotas of female endurance runners are seemingly dysbiotic when compared with those of control subjects. Further investigation of the mechanism by which intensive, prolonged exercise affects the gut microbiota is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Morishima
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Aki Kawamura
- Sports Science Research Promotion Center, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawase
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition & Pathology, Ujitawara, Kyoto 610-0231, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Department for Medical Innovation and Translational Medical Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bonilla DA, Kreider RB, Stout JR, Forero DA, Kerksick CM, Roberts MD, Rawson ES. Metabolic Basis of Creatine in Health and Disease: A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041238. [PMID: 33918657 PMCID: PMC8070484 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine (Cr) is a ubiquitous molecule that is synthesized mainly in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Most of the Cr pool is found in tissues with high-energy demands. Cr enters target cells through a specific symporter called Na+/Cl−-dependent Cr transporter (CRT). Once within cells, creatine kinase (CK) catalyzes the reversible transphosphorylation reaction between [Mg2+:ATP4−]2− and Cr to produce phosphocreatine (PCr) and [Mg2+:ADP3−]−. We aimed to perform a comprehensive and bioinformatics-assisted review of the most recent research findings regarding Cr metabolism. Specifically, several public databases, repositories, and bioinformatics tools were utilized for this endeavor. Topics of biological complexity ranging from structural biology to cellular dynamics were addressed herein. In this sense, we sought to address certain pre-specified questions including: (i) What happens when creatine is transported into cells? (ii) How is the CK/PCr system involved in cellular bioenergetics? (iii) How is the CK/PCr system compartmentalized throughout the cell? (iv) What is the role of creatine amongst different tissues? and (v) What is the basis of creatine transport? Under the cellular allostasis paradigm, the CK/PCr system is physiologically essential for life (cell survival, growth, proliferation, differentiation, and migration/motility) by providing an evolutionary advantage for rapid, local, and temporal support of energy- and mechanical-dependent processes. Thus, we suggest the CK/PCr system acts as a dynamic biosensor based on chemo-mechanical energy transduction, which might explain why dysregulation in Cr metabolism contributes to a wide range of diseases besides the mitigating effect that Cr supplementation may have in some of these disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society–DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110861, Colombia
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-320-335-2050
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Diego A. Forero
- Professional Program in Sport Training, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia;
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, Saint Charles, MO 63301, USA;
| | - Michael D. Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
- Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Eric S. Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Thrombolome and Its Emerging Role in Chronic Kidney Diseases. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13030223. [PMID: 33803899 PMCID: PMC8003125 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk of thromboembolic complications, including myocardial infarction, stroke, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. These complications lead to increased mortality. Evidence points to the key role of CKD-associated dysbiosis and its effect via the generation of gut microbial metabolites in inducing the prothrombotic phenotype. This phenomenon is known as thrombolome, a panel of intestinal bacteria-derived uremic toxins that enhance thrombosis via increased tissue factor expression, platelet hyperactivity, microparticles release, and endothelial dysfunction. This review discusses the role of uremic toxins derived from gut-microbiota metabolism of dietary tryptophan (indoxyl sulfate (IS), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), kynurenine (KYN)), phenylalanine/tyrosine (p-cresol sulfate (PCS), p-cresol glucuronide (PCG), phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln)) and choline/phosphatidylcholine (trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)) in spontaneously induced thrombosis. The increase in the generation of gut microbial uremic toxins, the activation of aryl hydrocarbon (AhRs) and platelet adrenergic (ARs) receptors, and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway can serve as potential targets during the prevention of thromboembolic events. They can also help create a new therapeutic approach in the CKD population.
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen H, Shen L, Liu Y, Ma X, Long L, Ma X, Ma L, Chen Z, Lin X, Si L, Chen X. Strength Exercise Confers Protection in Central Nervous System Autoimmunity by Altering the Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628629. [PMID: 33796102 PMCID: PMC8007788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise therapy including endurance training and resistance training is a promising non-pharmacological therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies have revealed that exercise exerts beneficial impacts on gut microbiota. However, the role of gut microbiota in the immune benefits of strength exercise (SE; one of resistance training) in central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity is barely known. Here, we observed that 60-min SE ameliorated disease severity and neuropathology in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. SE increased the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota, and decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) and intestinal mucosal permeability, and enrichment of several short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Furthermore, SE reduced Th17 responses and increased Treg responses in the small intestine lymphoid tissues. Compared to the control group, microbiota-depleted mice receiving SE microbiome fecal transplants had lower disease severity and neuropathology scores. These results uncovered a protective role of SE in neuroimmunomodulation effects partly via changes to the gut microbiome.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- Bacteria/immunology
- Bacteria/metabolism
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Dysbiosis
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/microbiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
- Feces/microbiology
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/microbiology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neuroimmunomodulation
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Resistance Training
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Déséquilibre du microbiote intestinal et troubles dépressifs. ACTUALITES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actpha.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
48
|
McNamara MP, Singleton JM, Cadney MD, Ruegger PM, Borneman J, Garland T. Early-life effects of juvenile Western diet and exercise on adult gut microbiome composition in mice. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb239699. [PMID: 33431595 PMCID: PMC7929929 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.239699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alterations to the gut microbiome caused by changes in diet, consumption of antibiotics, etc., can affect host function. Moreover, perturbation of the microbiome during critical developmental periods potentially has long-lasting impacts on hosts. Using four selectively bred high runner and four non-selected control lines of mice, we examined the effects of early-life diet and exercise manipulations on the adult microbiome by sequencing the hypervariable internal transcribed spacer region of the bacterial gut community. Mice from high runner lines run ∼3-fold more on wheels than do controls, and have several other phenotypic differences (e.g. higher food consumption and body temperature) that could alter the microbiome, either acutely or in terms of coevolution. Males from generation 76 were given wheels and/or a Western diet from weaning until sexual maturity at 6 weeks of age, then housed individually without wheels on standard diet until 14 weeks of age, when fecal samples were taken. Juvenile Western diet reduced bacterial richness and diversity after the 8-week washout period (equivalent to ∼6 human years). We also found interactive effects of genetic line type, juvenile diet and/or juvenile exercise on microbiome composition and diversity. Microbial community structure clustered significantly in relation to both line type and diet. Western diet also reduced the relative abundance of Muribaculum intestinale These results constitute one of the first reports of juvenile diet having long-lasting effects on the adult microbiome after a substantial washout period. Moreover, we found interactive effects of diet with early-life exercise exposure, and a dependence of these effects on genetic background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica P McNamara
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 91521, USA
| | - Jennifer M Singleton
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 91521, USA
| | - Marcell D Cadney
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 91521, USA
| | - Paul M Ruegger
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 91521, USA
| | - James Borneman
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 91521, USA
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 91521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Barbuti RC, Schiavon LL, Oliveira CP, Alvares-DA-Silva MR, Sassaki LY, Passos MDCF, Farias AQ, Barros LL, Barreto BP, Albuquerque GBDMLD, Alves AM, Navarro-Rodriguez T, Bittencourt PL. GUT MICROBIOTA, PREBIOTICS, PROBIOTICS, AND SYNBIOTICS IN GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER DISEASES: PROCEEDINGS OF A JOINT MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF HEPATOLOGY (SBH), BRAZILIAN NUCLEUS FOR THE STUDY OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND MICROBIOTA (NBEHPM), AND BRAZILIAN FEDERATION OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (FBG). ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2021; 57:381-398. [PMID: 33331485 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202000000-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, there is growing evidence that microorganisms are involved in the maintenance of our health and are related to various diseases, both intestinal and extraintestinal. Changes in the gut microbiota appears to be a key element in the pathogenesis of hepatic and gastrointestinal disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and Clostridium difficile - associated diarrhea. In 2019, the Brazilian Society of Hepatology (SBH) in cooperation with the Brazilian Nucleus for the Study of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota (NBEHPM), and Brazilian Federation of Gastroenterology (FBG) sponsored a joint meeting on gut microbiota and the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in gastrointestinal and liver diseases. This paper summarizes the proceedings of the aforementioned meeting. It is intended to provide practical information about this topic, addressing the latest discoveries and indicating areas for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Correa Barbuti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Lucca Schiavon
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Cláudia P Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Mário Reis Alvares-DA-Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Alberto Queiroz Farias
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Luisa Leite Barros
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Bruno Paes Barreto
- Universidade do Estado do Pará, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará (CESUPA), Belém, PA, Brasil
| | | | - Amanda Mandarino Alves
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Tomás Navarro-Rodriguez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cancer Related Anemia: An Integrated Multitarget Approach and Lifestyle Interventions. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020482. [PMID: 33535496 PMCID: PMC7912724 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is often accompanied by worsening of the patient's iron profile, and the resulting anemia could be a factor that negatively impacts antineoplastic treatment efficacy and patient survival. The first line of therapy is usually based on oral or intravenous iron supplementation; however, many patients remain anemic and do not respond. The key might lie in the pathogenesis of the anemia itself. Cancer-related anemia (CRA) is characterized by a decreased circulating serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation despite ample iron stores, pointing to a more complex problem related to iron homeostatic regulation and additional factors such as chronic inflammatory status. This review explores our current understanding of iron homeostasis in cancer, shedding light on the modulatory role of hepcidin in intestinal iron absorption, iron recycling, mobilization from liver deposits, and inducible regulators by infections and inflammation. The underlying relationship between CRA and systemic low-grade inflammation will be discussed, and an integrated multitarget approach based on nutrition and exercise to improve iron utilization by reducing low-grade inflammation, modulating the immune response, and supporting antioxidant mechanisms will also be proposed. Indeed, a Mediterranean-based diet, nutritional supplements and exercise are suggested as potential individualized strategies and as a complementary approach to conventional CRA therapy.
Collapse
|