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Romei F, Schilman PE. Diatomaceous earth as insecticide: physiological and morphological evidence of its underlying mechanism. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3301-3307. [PMID: 38372489 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat grain containers or silos can be perfect habitats for insects, which generate large economic losses to grain production. Natural alternatives to synthetic insecticides have grown in popularity because of health, economic and ecological issues. Diatomaceous earth is a natural compound that has an insecticide effect by enhancing an insect's dehydration with no toxicity on mammals including humans. The aim of this study is to confirm the effect of diatomaceous earth as an insecticide for the wheat grain pest, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and demonstrate its underlying mechanisms as an insecticide by open-flow respirometry and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Survival bioassays of T. castaneum revealed a dose-dependent insecticide effect of diatomaceous earth. Gravimetric measurements showed that 2 days exposure to diatomaceous earth produces a significant increase of mass loss. Open-flow respirometry measurements showed an increase of total water emission rate on insects due to an increase of both, respiratory and cuticular water loss. Our study revealed that diatomaceous earth produces an increase of insect's cuticle permeability, which is responsible for elevated cuticular water loss. Scanning electron microscopy images provided visual evidence of the lipid absorbent properties of diatomaceous earth particles, and showed a tendency for higher, although not significant, damaged area of the cuticle's surface from diatomaceous earth treated insects compared to control ones. CONCLUSION With state-of-the art techniques like open-flow respirometry and scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrated the underlying mechanism of diatomaceous earth as an insecticide and provided new cues for understanding the properties of the cuticle and its ecological importance. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Romei
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo E Schilman
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Maximiliano JE, Ares I, Martínez M, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems as preferential targets of the pyrethroid tefluthrin exposure in the rat brain. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118239. [PMID: 38244974 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The monoaminergic systems dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) play important roles in neuromodulation, such as motor control, cognitive, affective, and neuroendocrine functions. In the present research study, we addressed the hypothesis that exposure to Type I pyrethroid tefluthrin may specifically target the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems. Tefluthrin could modify brain monoamine neurotransmitters, DA and 5-HT levels as well as dopaminergic and serotoninergic signaling pathways. Adult male Wistar rats were treated with tefluthrin [2.2, 4.4 and 5.5 mg/kg bw, equivalent to 1/10, 1/5 and 1/4 of the acute oral rat lethal dose 50 (LD50) value] by oral gavage, six days. After last dose of tefluthrin, DA and 5-HT and metabolites levels were determined in brain regions (striatum, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus). Tefluthrin induced a decrease of DA, 5-HT and metabolites contents, in a brain regional- and dose-related manner. The major decreases in DA and 5-HT contents were observed in prefrontal cortex tissue. Here, we studied that in vivo exposure to tefluthrin may alter DA and 5-HT neurotransmission in prefrontal cortex. Transcripts related to (i) dopaminergic [dopamine transporter 1 (Dat1), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine receptors (Drd1, Drd2)], (ii) serotoninergic [serotonin transporter (SERT), tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), serotonin receptors (5-HT1A, 5-HT2A)] and (iii) DA and 5-HT degradation [monoamine oxidases (MAOA, MAOB)] signaling pathways were investigated. Results showed that tefluthrin induced down-regulation of transcripts responsible for the synthesis and action of DA (TH, Drd1, Drd2) and 5-HT (SERT, TPH2). In contrast, tefluthrin treatment induced up-regulation of genes involved in DA transporter (Dat1), 5-HT receptors (5-HT1A, 5-HT2A) and monoamine oxidases (MAOA, MAOB). Given the integral roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic and serotoninergic alterations as hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases, our data suggest that tefluthrin may be a candidate for pesticides contributing to neurodegenerative disorders pathogenesis by causing damage to the DA and 5-HT systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge-Enrique Maximiliano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Radke S, Finley E. Industrial and Agricultural Toxicants. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2024; 40:167-178. [PMID: 37968203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of several agricultural and industrial toxicants that are most likely to be encountered by horses. Overviews include brief backgrounds of the agents in question, potential sources of intoxication, mechanisms of action, clinical signs, lesions, diagnostic considerations, and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Radke
- Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Emily Finley
- Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Naeem B, Saleem J, Haider Naqvi ASA, Kausar S, Arshad A, Kumar K, Khalid A, Kumar P. Systematic review of clinical manifestations, management and outcome following accidental ingestion of liquid mosquito repellent vaporiser in children. BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e002476. [PMID: 38555100 PMCID: PMC10982783 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroid-based mosquito repellents are widely used to control mosquito-borne diseases. Liquid mosquito-repellent vaporisers are effective modes of pyrethroid delivery but can also pose significant health risks if ingested or used improperly. OBJECTIVE This systematic review was performed to assess the demographic distribution, clinical presentation, management strategies and outcomes in children resulting from accidental ingestion of liquid mosquito repellent vaporiser. METHODS The study adheres to the reporting standards outlined in the PRISMA Statement for Systematic Reviews and was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (record # CRD42023413937) to enhance transparency and minimise reporting bias. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar using specific MeSH terms related to insecticides, mosquito repellents, pyrethroids, ingestion, poisoning, toxicity and prevention. The reference lists of the included studies were also reviewed for additional relevant articles. The inclusion criteria involved studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2023 that focused on children under 18 years old with a history of mosquito-repellent ingestion based on primary data. RESULTS Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria; these were primarily case reports from India, China and the UAE. Male children were predominantly affected, and symptoms included vomiting, convulsions, cough and respiratory distress. Management primarily involved supportive and symptomatic measures, including atropine for salivation and antiepileptic drugs for seizures. Respiratory support was provided for respiratory complications. CONCLUSION Despite the known risks and diverse presentations of pyrethroid poisoning caused by liquid mosquito repellent vaporiser in children, the limited substantial evidence in the literature underscores the urgent need for comprehensive research to refine management approaches and enhance preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Naeem
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Saleem
- Federal Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sidra Kausar
- Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqdas Arshad
- Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | | | - Aashar Khalid
- Federal Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Parkash Kumar
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Silwal P, Adhikari R, Yadav B, Sah SK, Bhatt A, Basnet S. Lambda-cyhalothrin ingestion: an infrequent yet concerning presentation of pyrethroid poisoning. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:5250-5254. [PMID: 37811048 PMCID: PMC10553105 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Lambda-cyhalothrin is a type II pyrethroid compound commonly used as a pesticide, with the potential to cause life-threatening toxicity in humans. Furthermore, among cases of pesticide poisoning in Nepal, organophosphates are most frequently implicated. Case presentation A 40-year-old female presented to our hospital after ingesting a pesticide compound with suicidal intent. She also admitted to alcohol intoxication and exhibited symptoms of confusion, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. An atropine challenge test yielded negative results. Therefore, conservative management was continued. It was discovered later that the ingested pesticide was lambda-cyhalothrin. The patient's condition eventually improved with supportive treatment. Clinical discussion Several reports have highlighted the overlapping clinical features between organophosphorus and pyrethroid poisoning. In some cases of pyrethroid poisoning, misdiagnosis as organophosphorus poisoning has occurred, leading to the inappropriate administration of atropine. In our case, initial management was challenging owing to the lack of accurate information about the ingested compound. On further evaluation, cholinergic clinical features were absent and the atropine challenge test was negative. This was suggestive of nonorganophosphorus compound poisoning. Conclusion This case illustrates that managing pesticide poisoning becomes challenging when the nature of the pesticide is unknown. Patients suffering from poisoning caused by pyrethroid compounds like lambda-cyhalothrin can present with features resembling organophosphorus poisoning. In such circumstances, a comprehensive clinical evaluation should guide the management. Clinical features and an atropine challenge test can aid in differentiating organophosphorus from nonorganophosphorus compound poisoning. This distinction facilitates therapeutic decision-making, including the consideration of atropine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ajay Bhatt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA
| | - Samjhana Basnet
- Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal
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Uys F, O'Neill M, Farina Z, Belford J. Case Report. S Afr Med J 2023; 113:57-60. [PMID: 36757073 DOI: 10.7196/samj.2023.v113i2.16832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The illegal practice of combining organophosphates (OPs) with other compounds such as carbamates and pyrethroids, creating 'streetpesticides', is common in South Africa. These agents contain mostly unknown quantities of unregulated toxins and contribute to atypicaland unpredictable clinical presentations following human ingestion. We present such a case in a patient with intentional rodenticideingestion. The initial presentation in the emergency department was a classic cholinergic toxidrome, and clinical resolution was achievedafter provision of atropine. This was followed 12 hours later by an acute decompensation resulting from an apparent sympatheticallydriven episode of autonomic instability and acute pulmonary oedema requiring immediate respiratory and haemodynamic support. In ourdiscussion, we explore this secondary decompensation and suggest various pathophysiological explanations for this atypical clinical coursefollowing what had appeared to be OP poisoning. The patient was discharged home after a total of 6 days in hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Uys
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Harry Gwala Regional Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
| | - M O'Neill
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Harry Gwala Regional Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
| | - Z Farina
- Head, Clinical Department: Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Honorary lecturer, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermarizburg, South Africa.
| | - J Belford
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Harry Gwala Regional Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
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Ganiyat AM, Caleb OJ, Dezi AD, Adamu M. Glutathione attenuated lambda-cyhalothrin-induced alteration of serum total cholesterol concentration and oxidative stress parameters in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:33-38. [PMID: 36866217 PMCID: PMC9972829 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lambda-cyhalothrin is a type II pyrethroid insecticide that is used for pest control in agricultural, domestic, and industrial settings. Glutathione is an antioxidant that has been reported to confer protection on biological systems against the adverse impacts of insecticides. Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of glutathione on the serum lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters of rats exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity. Methods Thirty-five rats were assigned into 5 groups each. Distilled water was given to the first group, whereas the second group received soya oil (1 mL/kg). Lambda-cyhalothrin (25 mg/kg) was administered to the third group. The fourth group was given lambda-cyhalothrin (25 mg/kg) and glutathione (100 mg/kg) successively, whereas the fifth group received lambda-cyhalothrin (25 mg/kg) and glutathione (200 mg/kg) consecutively. The treatments were administered once daily by oral gavage for 21 days. The rats were sacrificed after the completion of the study. The serum lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters were assessed. Results A significant (P < 0.05) increase was observed in the total cholesterol concentration of the lambda-cyhalothrin group. The serum malondialdehyde level was elevated (P < 0.05) in the lambda-cyhalothrin group. The superoxide dismutase activity of the lambda-cyhalothrin+glutathione200 group was enhanced (P < 0.05). The results revealed that lambda-cyhalothrin perturbed the total cholesterol concentration of the rats, whereas glutathione (particularly at 200 mg/kg, indicating a dose-response effect) ameliorated the disruptive impacts of lambda-cyhalothrin. Conclusion The advantageous effects of glutathione may be ascribed to its antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akande Motunrayo Ganiyat
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, 900001, Nigeria
| | - Ogunnubi Johnson Caleb
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, 900001, Nigeria
| | - Akumka David Dezi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, 900001, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Adamu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, 900001, Nigeria
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Taneja R, Kaur N, Mehmi P. Management of Lambda-Cyhalothrin Poisoning in a North Indian Healthcare Setup: A Rare Case. Cureus 2022; 14:e32746. [PMID: 36686108 PMCID: PMC9851568 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural product (insecticides and pesticides) poisoning is common in the rural Indian setup, and in most cases, it occurs due to suicidal attempts rather than accidental intake. Furthermore, most cases of agrochemical poisoning are organophosphate poisoning rather than other less commonly used pesticides. Lambda-cyhalothrin is a less commonly used insecticide in India, and there have been a few instances in the literature where lambda-cyhalothrin poisoning and its subsequent management have been described. In this case report, we describe accidental lambda-cyhalothrin poisoning in a 26-year-old female and its management at our center.
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Proteomic profiling reveals neuronal ion channel dysregulation and cellular responses to DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest and senescence in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to cypermethrin. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:71-83. [PMID: 36063984 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP), a synthetic pyrethroid of class II, is widely used as a pesticide worldwide. The primary target of cypermethrin is a voltage-gated sodium channel. The neurotoxicity of CYP has been extensively studied in terms of affecting neuronal development, increasing cellular oxidative stress, and apoptosis. However, little is known about how it affects the expression of channel proteins involved in synaptic transmission, as well as the effects of cypermethrin on DNA damage and cell cycle processes. We found that the ligand and voltage-gated calcium channels and proteins involved in synaptic transmission including NMDA 1 receptor subunit, alpha 1A-voltage-dependent calcium channel, synaptotagmin-17, and synaptojanin-2 were downregulated in CYP-treated cells. After 48h of CYP exposure, cell viability was reduced with flattened and enlarged morphology. The levels of 23 proteins regulating cell cycle processes were altered in CYP-treated cells, according to a proteomic study. The cell cycle analysis showed elevated G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and DNA fragmentation at the sub-G0 stage after CYP exposure. CYP treatment also increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase positive cells, DNA damage, and apoptotic markers. Taken together, the current study showed that cypermethrin exposure caused DNA damage and hastened cellular senescence and apoptosis via disrupting cell cycle regulation. In addition, despite its primary target sodium channel, CYP might cause synaptic dysfunction via the downregulation of synaptic proteins and dysregulation of synapse-associated ion channels.
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10
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Arif A, Hashmi MA, Salam S, Younus H, Mahmood R. Interaction of the insecticide bioallethrin with human hemoglobin: biophysical, in silico and enzymatic studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35950518 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2109756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioallethrin is an insecticide that is widely used in households resulting in human exposure. Bioallethrin is cytotoxic to human erythrocytes. Here we have studied the interaction of bioallethrin with human hemoglobin (Hb) using in silico and biophysical approaches. Incubation of Hb (5 μM) with bioallethrin (1-50 µM) led to increase in absorbance at 280 nm while the Soret band at 406 nm was slightly reduced. The intrinsic fluorescence of Hb was enhanced with the appearance of a new peak around 305 nm. Synchronous fluorescence showed that the binding of bioallethrin to Hb mainly affects the tyrosine microenvironment. The structural changes in Hb were confirmed with a significant shift in CD spectra and about 25% loss of α-helix. Molecular docking and visualisation through Discovery studio confirmed the formation of Hb-bioallethrin complex with a binding energy of -7.3 kcal/mol. Molecular simulation showed the stability and energy dynamics of the binding reaction between bioallethrin and Hb. The structural changes induced by bioallethrin led to inhibition of the esterase activity of Hb. In conclusion, this study shows that bioallethrin forms a stable complex with human Hb which may lead to loss of Hb function in the body.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Amiruddin Hashmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samreen Salam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hina Younus
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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When Scent Becomes a Weapon—Plant Essential Oils as Potent Bioinsecticides. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Crop protection still mostly relies on synthetic pesticides for crop pest control. However, the rationale for their continued use is shaded by the revealed adverse effects, such as relatively long environmental persistence that leads to water and soil contamination and retention of residues in food that brings high risks to human and animal health. As part of integrated pest management, biopesticides may provide crop protection, being eco-friendly and safe for humans and non-target organisms. Essential oils, complex mixtures of low-molecular-weight, highly volatile compounds, have been highlighted as major candidates for plant-derived bioinsecticides that are up to the sustainable biological standard. In this review, we screened the insecticidal activity of essential oils or their purified compounds, with focus given to their modes of action, along with the analyzed advantages and problems associated with their wider usage as plant-derived insecticides in agriculture.
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Qi Z, Song X, Xiao X, Loo KK, Wang MC, Xu Q, Wu J, Chen S, Chen Y, Xu L, Li Y. Effects of prenatal exposure to pyrethroid pesticides on neurodevelopment of 1-year- old children: A birth cohort study in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113384. [PMID: 35286956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women have been ubiquitously exposed to pyrethroid pesticides. Previous studies, mainly based on third trimester measurements of maternal urinary pyrethroid metabolites, have reported inconsistent findings in the effects of prenatal pyrethroid exposure on children's neurodevelopmental outcomes. The purpose of this study was to clarify if pyrethroid exposure during the entire three trimesters of pregnancy may be associated with deleterious effects on infant neurodevelopmental status, particularly at a high dosage of exposure. We measured maternal urinary concentrations of pyrethroid metabolites in all trimesters of pregnancy and assessed children's neurodevelopment at one year of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III). Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the effects of metabolites (3-PBA, 4 F-3-PBA, cis-DBCA) in each trimester on BSID-III composite scores. Logistic regression analyses were applied to predict developmental delay vs non-delayed status (cut-off composite score of below 80 for developmental delay) based on the maternal levels of pyrethroid metabolites. In the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy, the detection rates of pyrethroid metabolites were 94.7%, 90.7%, and 89.0%; the 50th percentiles of exposure level were 0.24 μg/g, 0.24 μg/g and 0.21 μg/g for 3-PBA, 0.14 μg/g, 0.17 μg/g and 0.15 μg/g for 4 F-3PBA, 0.21 μg/g, 0.25 μg/g and 0.19 μg/g for cis-DBCA respectively. In the second trimester, 3-PBA was inversely associated with Cognition and Language scores [β = -3.34 (95% CI = -6.11, -0.57) and β = -2.90 (95% CI = -5.20, -0.61), respectively], and significantly increased the risk of Cognition and Language developmental delay [OR= 1.64 (95% CI = 1.03, 2.62) and OR = 1.52 (95% CI = 1.06, 2.19), respectively]; cis-DBCA was inversely associated with Adaptive Behavior scores [β = -0.73 (95% CI = -1.27, -0.19)], and significantly increased the risk of Adaptive Behavior developmental delay [OR= 1.11 (95% CI = 1.02, 1.21)]. When the maternal levels of pyrethroid metabolites were stratified into the regression models according to the 90th percentile of exposure, in the first trimester, Cognition and Motor scores were inversely associated with higher cis-DBCA [β = -7.19 (95% CI = -12.97, -1.41) and β = -8.20 (95% CI = -13.35, -3.05), respectively], Language scores were inversely associated with higher 3-PBA [β = -6.01 (95% CI = -10.96, -1.06)]; in the second trimester, Cognition scores were inversely associated with higher cis-DBCA [β = -6.64 (95% CI = -12.51, -0.76)], Language scores were inversely associated with higher 3-PBA [β = -5.17 (95% CI = -10.07, -0.27)] and cis-DBCA [β = -5.40 (95% CI = -10.28, -0.52)]. We concluded that pyrethroid exposure in the first and second trimesters was associated with poorer infants neurodevelopmental outcomes at one year of age, and these effects were particularly pronounced at high levels of pyrethroid exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiye Qi
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kek Khee Loo
- Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - May C Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Qinghua Xu
- Yunnan Institute of Pediatric Research, Kunming Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Sabzevari S, Hofman J. A worldwide review of currently used pesticides' monitoring in agricultural soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152344. [PMID: 34919921 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of pesticides on the agricultural ecosystem have been matter of concern in recent decades. However, attention has mostly been directed to highly persistent chemicals leading to underestimating currently used pesticides. In this review we present an overview of the studies on monitoring currently used pesticides in agricultural soils around the world published in the last 50 years. Furthermore, all data available in the articles has been integrated into one united data set. Finally, an overall meta-analysis on the prepared data set was performed. The result of the meta-analysis has been presented in this article. It was revealed that the occurrence of currently used pesticides in the soil of agricultural regions was alarming in many countries, establishing the need for long-term monitoring programs, especially in regions with intensive agricultural activities, in order to determine real-world currently used pesticides fate and accumulation in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Sabzevari
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Hofman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
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Wise CF, Hammel SC, Herkert NJ, Ospina M, Calafat AM, Breen M, Stapleton HM. Comparative Assessment of Pesticide Exposures in Domestic Dogs and Their Owners Using Silicone Passive Samplers and Biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1149-1161. [PMID: 34964617 PMCID: PMC10150270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are used extensively in residential settings for lawn maintenance and in homes to control household pests including application directly on pets to deter fleas and ticks. Pesticides are commonly detected in the home environment where people and pets can be subject to chronic exposure. Due to increased interest in using companion animals as sentinels for human environmental health studies, we conducted a comparative pesticide exposure assessment in 30 people and their pet dogs to determine how well silicone wristbands and silicone dog tags can predict urinary pesticide biomarkers of exposure. Using targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, we quantified eight pesticides in silicone samplers and used a suspect screening approach for additional pesticides. Urine samples were analyzed for 15 pesticide metabolite biomarkers. Several pesticides were detected in >70% of silicone samplers including permethrin, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), and chlorpyrifos. Significant and positive correlations were observed between silicone sampler levels of permethrin and DEET with their corresponding urinary metabolites (rs = 0.50-0.96, p < 0.05) in both species. Significantly higher levels of fipronil were observed in silicone samplers from participants who reported using flea and tick products containing fipronil on their dog. This study suggests that people and their dogs have similar pesticide exposures in a home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine F Wise
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Stephanie C Hammel
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas J Herkert
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Maria Ospina
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MSS103-2, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MSS103-2, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Matthew Breen
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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Suting E, Bhaskar V, Batra P. Changing epidemiology of poisoning in children: A retrospective study from a tertiary care center in New Delhi, India. Indian J Public Health 2022; 65:400-402. [PMID: 34975087 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_234_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Poisoning is the fourth leading cause of unintentional injuries in children. With continuously changing environment, the epidemiology of poisoning keeps on changing. The present study was undertaken to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of childhood poisoning in a tertiary care center of New Delhi, India. All children <12 years of age admitted to pediatric ward with a history of ingestion of poison or envenomation between January 2019 and June 2020 were identified, and their medical records were obtained from medical records department. A total of 203 patients were enrolled in the study. Drugs and medications were the most common agents (19.2% cases), followed by prallethrin (13.7% cases). Majority of the cases were asymptomatic. Vomiting (25%) was the most common symptom. Drugs and medications were the leading cause of poisoning, followed by liquid mosquito repellant. This study highlights the change in characteristics of acute poisoning in Indian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enboklang Suting
- Senior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Vikram Bhaskar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Prerna Batra
- Director Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
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16
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Jauhari A, Singh T, Yadav S. Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Neurotoxicity: MicroRNA in Focus. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 120:102072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jacob MS, Iyyadurai R, Jose A, Fleming JJ, Rebekah G, Zachariah A, Hansdak SG, Alex R, Chandiraseharan VK, Lenin A, Peter JV. Clinical presentation of type 1 and type 2 pyrethroid poisoning in humans. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021; 60:464-471. [PMID: 34672857 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1994145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear if the clinical presentation of poisoning with type 1 and type 2 pyrethroid compounds is different. This study was undertaken to detail the clinical profile and outcome of patients presenting with pyrethroid poisoning and to quantify serum pyrethroid levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective study, patients were categorised as poisoning with type 1 pyrethroids or type 2 pyrethroids. Blood samples were sent for compound identification and quantification. Clinical features and outcomes were compared between the two groups. Factors associated with moderate and severe toxicity were explored using univariate logistic regression analysis and presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Type 1 pyrethroids were implicated in 16 patients and type 2 in 43 patients. The incidence of nausea and vomiting (81.2% vs. 81.3%) and tremor (37.5% vs. 32.6%) were similar in type 1 and type 2 poisoning; paraesthesia (6.2% vs. 32.6%, p = 0.04), hypersalivation (0% vs. 20.9%, p = 0.04), seizures (0% vs. 7%, p = 0.29) and depressed sensorium (0% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.03.) were observed more frequently in type 2 pyrethroid poisoning. Pyrethroids were detected in the serum samples of 24 patients; quantification was possible in 22 patients in whom serum levels ranged from 1.1 to 453 μg/ml. The compounds were undetectable in 35 patients. Two patients (lambda-cyhalothrin poisoning and cypermethrin poisoning) required intubation for low sensorium and respiratory distress. The median (interquartile range) duration of hospitalization was 12 (12-24) hours. All patients survived. Factors associated with moderate and severe toxicity included ingestion of a type 2 pyrethroid, lambda-cyhalothrin (OR 7.81, 95%CI 1.55-39.37, p = 0.01) and volume ingested (OR 1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.02, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Patients with pyrethroid poisoning present predominantly with mild to moderate symptoms. Paraesthesia and hypersalivation are more frequent in type 2 poisoning. A favourable outcome can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manna Sera Jacob
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India
| | - Ramya Iyyadurai
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India
| | - Arun Jose
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India
| | - Jude Joseph Fleming
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India
| | - Grace Rebekah
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India
| | - Anand Zachariah
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India
| | | | - Reginald Alex
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India
| | | | - Audrin Lenin
- Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India
| | - John Victor Peter
- Department of Critical Care, Medical ICU, Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India
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Young AM, Livingston M, Vickers-Smith R, Cooper HLF. Emergence of wasp dope in rural Appalachian Kentucky. Addiction 2021; 116:1901-1907. [PMID: 33063438 PMCID: PMC8046840 DOI: 10.1111/add.15291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent reports have highlighted the emergence of 'wasp dope' as an issue of concern, but epidemiological evidence is lacking. Wasp dope is a crystalline substance created by electrifying pyrethroid-containing insecticides (e.g. wasp sprays) that may give users a methamphetamine-like 'rush'. This paper describes wasp dope use and correlates of use in a sample of people who use drugs (PWUD) in Appalachian Kentucky, a region that has been an epicenter of opioid use and related harms in the United States. METHODS Respondent-driven sampling and targeted street outreach were used to recruit PWUD. Eligibility criteria included being aged at least 18 years, residing in one of five Appalachian Kentucky counties, and having either used opioids or injected any drug to get high in the prior 30 days. Interviewer-administered surveys queried participants' (n = 278) recent (past 6 months) wasp dope use, other substance use and demographic characteristics. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using generalized estimating equations assuming a Poisson outcome distribution in a cross-sectional analysis. RESULTS Recent wasp dope use was reported by 16.1% of participants. Men and people who recently experienced homelessness and transportation difficulties were twice or more as likely to have used wasp dope compared with their counterparts [PR = 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11, 3.87, PR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.64, 4.72 and PR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.06-3.81, respectively]. While wasp dope use was associated with injection drug use and using opioids and other substances to get high in unadjusted analyses, the factor most strongly associated with wasp dope use was methamphetamine use (PR = 17.23, 95% CI = 2.57, 115.61), specifically methamphetamine injection (PR = 4.47, 95% CI = 1.56, 12.78). CONCLUSIONS Among people who use drugs in rural Kentucky, USA, more than one in six people surveyed reported using wasp dope in the past 6 months, nearing the percentage using cocaine/crack (20%) and fentanyl/carfentanil (25%). Wasp dope use was higher among men and strongly associated with homelessness, transportation access, methamphetamine use and injection drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- April M Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky,Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Melvin Livingston
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rachel Vickers-Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky,Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky,School of Nursing, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Hannah LF Cooper
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
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Diez-Sepulveda JC, Uribe-Buritica FL, Angel-Isaza AM, Bustamante-Cristancho LA, Mejia-Herrera F, Watts-Pajaro FA, Rojas-Martinez MF. An 80-Year-Old Woman with Alzheimer Disease and Accidental Poisoning with Pyrethroid Pesticide Successfully Treated with Intravenous Lipid Emulsion. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e928420. [PMID: 34111056 PMCID: PMC8207540 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.928420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 80-year-old Final Diagnosis: Poisoning Symptoms: Seizure Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Critical Care Medicine
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20
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Abstract
Human and animal welfare primarily depends on the availability of food and surrounding environment. Over a century and half, the quest to identify agents that can enhance food production and protection from vector borne diseases resulted in the identification and use of a variety of pesticides, of which the pyrethroid based ones emerged as the best choice. Pesticides while improved the quality of life, on the other hand caused enormous health risks. Because of their percolation into drinking water and food chain and usage in domestic settings, humans unintentionally get exposed to the pesticides on a daily basis. The health hazards of almost all known pesticides at a variety of doses and exposure times are reported. This review provides a comprehensive summation on the historical, epidemiological, chemical and biological (physiological, biochemical and molecular) aspects of pyrethroid based insecticides. An overview of the available knowledge suggests that the synthetic pyrethroids vary in their chemical and toxic nature and pose health hazards that range from simple nausea to cancers. Despite large number of reports, studies that focused on identifying the health hazards using doses that are equivalent or relevant to human exposure are lacking. It is high time such studies are conducted to provide concrete evidence on the hazards of consuming pesticide contaminated food. Policy decisions to decrease the residual levels of pesticides in agricultural products and also to encourage organic farming is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Yenugu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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21
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Tekeli MY, Eraslan G, Çakır Bayram L, Soyer Sarıca Z. Effect of diosmin on lipid peoxidation and organ damage against subacute deltamethrin exposure in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15890-15908. [PMID: 33242198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective efficacy of diosmin against subacute deltamethrin exposure. For this purpose, 40 male Wistar albino rats were used. The animals were assigned to the following 4 groups: control group (received corn oil vehicle alone), diosmin-treated group (50 mg/kg bw/day orally), deltamethrin-exposed group (5 mg/kg bw/day, orally) and coadministered group (5 mg/kg bw/day deltamethrin and 50 mg/kg bw/day diosmin, orally) for 28 days. Some lipid peroxidation/antioxidant status/biochemical markers were evaluated in blood/tissue (liver, kidney, brain, heart and testis) samples and the histopathological architecture was assessed. Compared with the control group, no alteration was detected in the parameters and histological findings of the diosmin-treated group. Deltamethrin toxicity was associated with significantly increased plasma, cardiac, hepatic, renal, cerebral and testicular levels of MDA and NO, and significantly decreased GSH levels (p < 0.05). Antioxidant enzyme status (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities) displayed either decrease or increase (p < 0.05). Significant increase was detected in AST and ALT activities and urea and creatinine levels (p < 0.05). The values of the group coadministered with deltamethrin and diosmin were similar to the values of the control group. Diosmin ameliorated deltamethrin-induced lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltration and subendocardial oedema in the heart. Combined administration also minimized hepatic, renal, testicular and cerebral histopathological findings. The alterations detected in various toxicological parameters correlated well with the histopathological changes observed in various organs. In conclusion, it is suggested that diosmin could provide protection against deltamethrin-induced toxicity and organ damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Yasin Tekeli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Eraslan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Latife Çakır Bayram
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Soyer Sarıca
- Hakan Çetinsaya Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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An Epidemiological Survey Regarding Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases among Livestock Owners in Punjab, Pakistan: A One Health Context. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030361. [PMID: 33803649 PMCID: PMC8003106 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent global changes have led to an increase in the spread of ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) affecting domestic ruminants and humans, with an annual loss of US $13.9–$18.7 billion. The current study determined the perception and practices of livestock farmers regarding tick infestation. A total of 112 livestock farms were surveyed in Punjab, Pakistan, among which animals from 42 (37.5%) farms were infested with ticks. Only 28.6% (n = 32) of the dairy farmers were consulting veterinarians for ticks control, while 86.7% (n = 97) of the respondents did not consider biosecurity measures in the control of tick transmission. Most of the respondents, 71.4% (n = 80), did not consider manual tick removal from their animals (i.e., by hand, followed by physically crushing) as a risky practice for spreading zoonotic diseases. Improper disposal of bottles of acaricides in the farm drainage was also observed, putting the environment and aquatic life at risk. These wrong practices may contribute to high disease burdens and economic losses, increasing the possibility of transmission of zoonotic TBDs and pollution of the environment. Therefore, an integrated One Health approach is required for the control of TBDs through environmentally friendly approaches.
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Huang L, Peng S, Li R, Huang D, Xie D. Case Report: Fatal Neurotoxicity Following Resmethrin Poisoning in a Child. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:746950. [PMID: 34869104 PMCID: PMC8639587 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.746950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resmethrin, a type I pyrethroid insecticide, can activate sodium channels, causing neurotoxicity in both mammals and insects. Possible routes of poisoning include inhalation, dermal contact and ingestion. There are no specific symptoms for resmethrin poisoning. Until now, no antidote has been available for resmethrin. Resmethrin poisoning is rarely reported in children. Here, we report a fatal case of resmethrin poisoning that might have been caused by accidental ingestion by a 26-month-old child. He presented with neurotoxic symptoms that included vomiting, recurrent seizures, and coma. The cranial CT showed extensive lesions of low intensity in the bilateral white matter, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum. Lumbar punctures showed increased intracranial pressure (ICP > 25 mmHg). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests revealed that protein was elevated to 289.2 mg/dL without pleocytosis. Resmethrin was detected in his blood by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, which confirmed the diagnosis of resmethrin poisoning. The child developed brain stem herniation and then was declared brain dead at the 77th h after admission. Resmethrin poisoning can be fatal, and it requires immediate diagnosis and treatment. Previous studies reported that cranial CT and CSF analyses were all normal in patients with pyrethroid poisoning. This case might extend the knowledge of neuroimaging and CSF analysis in children with resmethrin poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumei Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyu Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Quindroit P, Crépet A, Brochot C. Estimating human exposure to pyrethroids' mixtures from biomonitoring data using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110281. [PMID: 33031810 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring data provide evidence to exposure of environmental chemicals. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling together with an adequate exposure scenario allows to transpose measured concentrations of chemicals or their metabolites into exposure levels, as daily intakes. In France, high levels of urinary pyrethroids metabolites have been measured in populations. Our work aims at estimating the exposure of the French ENNS cohort to mixtures of four pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, and cyfluthrin) from the urinary concentrations of five pyrethroids' metabolites commonly measured in biomonitoring studies. We developed a modelling approach based on a global toxicokinetic model that accounts for the cumulative exposure to pyrethroids as some of the metabolites can be shared by several parent compounds and for human inter-individual variability in metabolism. The median of the individual daily intakes was estimated to 8.1 ng/kg bw/day for permethrin, 17.7 ng/kg bw/day for cypermethrin, 20.4 ng/kg bw/day for cyfluthrin and 34.3 ng/kg bw/day for deltamethrin leading to similar weights for the pair permethrin and cypermethrin (36%), cyfluthrin (31%) and deltamethrin (33%) to the cumulative exposure. Accounting for human variability enabled to explain some of the variations in the metabolites' levels within the cohort. The cumulative exposure was then weighted by their toxicities towards three neurotoxic effects to calculate margins of exposure (MOE). Low MOE values were always associated with high measured concentrations of metabolites in urine and the lowest MOEs were observed for the autonomic division. No risks associated with reconstructed mixtures of pyrethroids were expected for the ENNS cohort. Our approach is an asset to analyse the biomarkers of exposure to pyrethroids simultaneously and could be easily adapted to any local or national specificities in pyrethroids' exposure or populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Quindroit
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Amélie Crépet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, Methodology and Studies Unit, 947001, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Céline Brochot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France.
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Nieradko-Iwanicka B, Konopelko M. Effect of Lambdacyhalothrin on Locomotor Activity, Memory, Selected Biochemical Parameters, Tumor Necrosis Factor α, and Interleukin 1ß in a Mouse Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249240. [PMID: 33321891 PMCID: PMC7764783 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Pyrethroids are synthetic insecticides used for plant protection. They are synthetic analogues of pyrethrins. Lambdacyhalothrin (LCH) is a type II pyrethroid used for wheat, potato, corn farming, and malaria control. There are data that pyrethroids may cause neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and immunotoxicity in non-target organisms. Methods: The experiment was carried on 32 Albino Swiss mice (16 females and 16 males). The animals were divided into four groups. Controls received canola oil; the rest received LCH orally in oil at a dose of 2 mg/kg bw for 7 days. Memory retention was assessed in a passive avoidance task on day 2 and 7, and spatial memory and motor activity in a Y-maze on day 1 and 7. Blood morphology, biochemical tests, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 1ß were measured. Results: Decreased white blood cell count and red blood cell count, increased creatinine, and increased kidney and liver mass were observed in groups exposed to LCH. In LCH-exposed males’ kidneys and livers, interleukin 1ß was significantly elevated, and it was correlated with creatinine concentration. Conclusions: Subacute poisoning with a low dose of LCH does not significantly affect memory nor locomotor activity but increases proinflammatory interleukin 1ß in male livers and kidneys and reduces white and red blood cell counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka
- Chair and Department of Hygiene, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Konopelko
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 4 in Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
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Buczek A, Pilch J, Buczek W. Tick Preventive Behaviors and Practices Adopted by Medical Students from Poland, Germany, and Thailand in Relation to Socio-Demographic Conditions and Their Knowledge of Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120863. [PMID: 33287425 PMCID: PMC7761883 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Given the high medical importance of ticks, we analyzed the most common preventive behaviors and practices adopted by medical students from Poland, Germany, and Thailand, and the level of their knowledge of ticks and tick-borne diseases. A survey consisting of 19 questions was conducted among 636 randomly selected students. The study showed that the Polish and German students preferred inspection of the body on their return home (86.9% and 63.5%, respectively) and wearing protective clothes (79.8% and 32.3%, respectively) as part of prophylaxis. The Thai students most often chose wearing protective clothes (54.7%) and preventive behavior in tick habitats (42.7%). Approximately 7% of the Polish medical students and as many as 22% of the German and Thai respondents did not use any means of prevention. Our analyses suggest that the use of preventive methods and respondents' behaviors depend on socio-demographic factors and the level of health education. The insufficient practical implementation of tick prevention measures by the medical students suggests a need for verification of health education programs in schools as well as effective popularization and educational activities. It is also necessary to develop a public health protection strategy against the effects of tick bites.
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Kopke MA, Yozova ID. Management of presumptive canine permethrin toxicosis using intravenous lipid emulsion as an adjunctive therapy. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Kopke
- School of Veterinary ScienceMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Ivayla D Yozova
- School of Veterinary ScienceMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
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Pang AM, Gay S, Yadav R, Dolea C, Ponce C, Velayudhan R, Grout A, Fehr J, Plenge-Boenig A, Schlagenhauf P. The safety and applicability of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides for aircraft disinsection: A systematic review. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 33:101570. [PMID: 32007622 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air travel contributes to the global spread of vectors and vector-borne infections. Although WHO provides guidance on methods for disinsection of aircraft, there is currently no harmonized or standardized decision-making process to decide when disinsection of an aircraft should be conducted. It is however compulsory for flights arriving in certain countries. Concerns have been expressed about the usefulness of disinsection for preventing the international spread of vectors and vector-borne diseases via air travel and possible toxicity for passengers and flight crew. METHODS We performed a systematic literature review using the databases PubMed, Embase, Medline, Scopus and CINAHL to evaluate all research findings about the applicability and safety of chemical-based, aircraft disinsection. Official reports from the WHO were also screened. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. The literature search strategy included "disinsection, airplane/plane/aviation/aircraft" and several other search items including d-phenothrin, permethrin, insecticide. Papers in English, French and German were reviewed. Reports of adverse events attributed to the disinsection of aircraft were also searched. AMP and PS screened all papers of relevance and agreed on a final selection. RESULTS Our search resulted in 440 papers of possible relevance. After screening, we included a total of 25 papers in this systematic review. Ten papers reported possible human toxicity and 17 papers addressed the applicability of disinsection and 2 papers addressed both topics. Chemical disinsection at recommended insecticide concentrations was found to be highly effective against a broad range of arthropods. Three papers reported passenger or crew illness possibly associated with insecticide spraying in passenger cabins - one describing a single passenger, the other two papers describing occupational illness of 12 and 33 aircrew members respectively, possibly due to aircraft disinsection. Another paper evaluating exposure of flight attendants to permethrin found higher levels of urinary metabolites in those working in planes that had recently been sprayed but this could not be linked to adverse health outcomes. CONCLUSION Our analysis confirmed that disease vectors are carried on international flights and can pose a threat particularly to island populations and certain airport hub areas. Disinsection with permethrin or d-phenothrin was shown to be highly effective against vectors. Despite several hundred million passenger and crew exposures to chemical disinsection, very few proven cases of toxicity have been reported. There is limited evidence linking exposure to insecticide spraying with negative health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Pang
- University of Zurich Centre for Travel Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health, Department of Public and Global Health, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steve Gay
- Boarder Clearance Services, MPI Centre Auckland, Auckland Airport, New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rajpal Yadav
- Vector Ecology and Management, Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Dolea
- IHR Committees, Travel and Trade, WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Ponce
- IHR Committees, Travel and Trade, WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raman Velayudhan
- Vector Ecology and Management, Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Grout
- James Cook University, College of Business, Law and Governance, Townsville, Australia
| | - Jan Fehr
- University of Zurich Centre for Travel Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health, Department of Public and Global Health, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Plenge-Boenig
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Unit and Vector Control Unit at the Institute for Hygiene and Environment, Department of Health and Consumer Protection of the City of Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Schlagenhauf
- University of Zurich Centre for Travel Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health, Department of Public and Global Health, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hydrocarbons are a common cause of accidental poisoning in children, with kerosene being the most implicated agent in rural parts of India. However, lately, liquid mosquito repellent ingestion is emerging as an important cause of hydrocarbon (kerosene) poisoning in urban households. METHODS This is a retrospective case series over a 5-y period (January 2013 - December 2017) of children with accidental liquid mosquito repellent ingestion presenting to the pediatric emergency. Epidemiology, clinical profile, management and outcomes are discussed. RESULTS Twenty-three children with median (IQR) age of 24 (18.8-32) mo presented after mean (SD) interval of 6 (3) h from ingestion. Majority (20, 87%) were seen during summer months (March-June) and all were from urban background. Sixteen (70%) had mild-moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring supplemental oxygen with or without positive airway pressure for a mean (SD) duration of 3.3 (1.9) d. All except one survived. CONCLUSIONS Children with accidental liquid mosquito repellent ingestion had predominant aspiration pneumonitis due to hydrocarbon content rather than neurological complications attributable to synthetic pyrethroids. Ensuring child-proof containers, appropriate storage, regulatory surveillance and parental awareness are must for prevention.
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Kumar V, Sankar J. Liquid Mosquito Repellents - Keep Them Away from Toddlers. Indian J Pediatr 2020; 87:3. [PMID: 31802324 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-019-03132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Jhuma Sankar
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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A combination insecticide at sub-lethal dose debilitated the expression pattern of crucial signalling molecules that facilitate craniofacial patterning in domestic chick Gallus domesticus. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 76:106836. [PMID: 31593814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.106836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides despite being agents that protect the plants and humans from noxious pests, are infamous for their potential to cause detrimental health issues in nontargeted species. In order to ascertain the latter, a set of experiments were conducted by exposing early chick embryos to a widely used combination insecticide (Ci, 50% chlorpyrifos and 5% cypermethrin). The results revealed a myriad of congenital defects pertaining to craniofacial development such as anophthalmia, microphthalmia, exencephaly as well as deformed beak and cranial structures. These teratological manifestations could be attributed to the Ci induced alteration in the titre of major regulators of neurulation and ossification. Therefore, the mRNA and/or the protein level expression pattern of genes which are reported to be involved in the craniofacial development were studied at selected time points of embryonic development. The analysis of the result showed that there have been significant alternations in the expression patterns of the signalling molecules such as SHH, WNTs, CDH1, CDH2, L1CAM, PAX6, HOX, PCNA, GLI3, BMP7, FGF8, GLIs, SOX9, RUNX2, DLX5, COL10A1, CASPASE3 etc. on embryonic days 2, 4 and/or 10. Concurrently, on day 10, whole-mount skeletal staining and biochemical estimation of hydroxyproline were carried out in the cranial tissues of the embryos. The overall result of the current study indicates that exposure to Ci during early development impede the crucial regulatory signals that orchestrate the morphogenesis of cranial neural crest cells thereby hindering the normal progression of neural tube and endochondral ossification which collectively lead to craniofacial dysmorphism in domestic chicks.
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Darnell JL, Fleisch SB. Methamphetamine and Wasp Spray: A Unique Way to Get a Stinging High. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2019; 60:535-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Saito H, Hara K, Tominaga T, Nakashima K, Tanemura K. Early‐life exposure to low levels of permethrin exerts impairments in learning and memory with the effects on neuronal and glial population in adult male mice. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1651-1662. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokatsu Saito
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Kenshiro Hara
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Takashi Tominaga
- Laboratory for Neural Circuit Systems, Institute of NeuroscienceTokushima Bunri University Sanuki Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanemura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku University Sendai Japan
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Humphrey KM, Pandey S, Martin J, Hagoel T, Grand'Maison A, Ohm JE. Establishing a role for environmental toxicant exposure induced epigenetic remodeling in malignant transformation. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 57:86-94. [PMID: 30453042 PMCID: PMC6522338 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a wide variety of environmental exposures throughout their lifespan. These include both naturally occurring toxins and chemical toxicants like pesticides, herbicides, and industrial chemicals, many of which have been implicated as possible contributors to human disease susceptibility [1-3]. We, and others, have hypothesized that environmental exposures may cause adaptive epigenetic changes in regenerative cell populations and developing organisms, leading to abnormal gene expression and increased disease susceptibility later in life [3]. Common epigenetic changes include changes in miRNA expression, covalent histone modifications, and methylation of DNA. Importantly, due to their heritable nature, abnormal epigenetic modifications which occur within stem cells may be particularly deleterious. Abnormal epigenetic changes in regenerative cell linages can be passed onto a large population of daughter cells and can persist for long periods of time. It is well established that an accumulation of epigenetic changes can lead to many human diseases including cancer [4-6]. Subsequently, it is imperative that we increase our understanding of how common environmental toxins and toxicants can induce epigenetic changes, particularly in stem cell populations. In this review, we will discuss how common environmental exposures in the United States and around the world may lead to epigenetic changes and discuss potential links to human disease, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Humphrey
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sumali Pandey
- Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, MN, United States
| | - Jeffery Martin
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Tamara Hagoel
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Anne Grand'Maison
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Joyce E Ohm
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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Mishra P, Dutta S, Haldar M, Dey P, Kumar D, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. Enhanced mosquitocidal efficacy of colloidal dispersion of pyrethroid nanometric emulsion with benignity towards non-target species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 176:258-269. [PMID: 30939406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rising threat of vector-borne diseases and environmental pollution has instigated the investigation of nanotechnology-based applications. The current study deals with a nanotechnological application involving the usage of nanometric pesticides such as permethrin nanoemulsion. The mean droplet diameter and zeta potential of the prepared permethrin nanoemulsion were found to be 12.4 ± 1.13 nm and -20.4 ± 0.56 mV, respectively. The temporal stability of permethrin nanoemulsion was found to be 4 days when checked in the external environment. The permethrin nanoemulsion exhibited LC50 values of 0.038 and 0.047 mgL-1 and 0.049 and 0.063 mgL-1 against larval and pupal stages of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Aedes aegypti, respectively. The results obtained from the larvicidal and pupicidal assay were corroborated with the histopathological and biochemical profiles of hosts upon treatment with nanometric pesticide. Further, the biosafety studies of the nanopesticide were carried out against different non-target species like freshwater algae (Closterium), Cicer arietinum (Chickpea) and Danio rerio (Zebrafish), and the mosquitocidal concentration of nanopesticide was found to be non-toxic. The following study, therefore, describes the mosquitocidal efficacy of nanometric pesticide formulated in a greener approach, which can become a substitute for conventional pesticide application in an eco-benign manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sneha Dutta
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manidipa Haldar
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyanka Dey
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Drishty Kumar
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Figueroa ZI, Young HA, Mumford SL, Meeker JD, Barr DB, Gray GM, Perry MJ. Pesticide interactions and risks of sperm chromosomal abnormalities. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:1021-1029. [PMID: 31311690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Disentangling the separate and synergistic effects of chemicals poses methodological challenges for accurate exposure assessment and for investigating epidemiologically how chemicals affect reproduction. We investigated combined exposures to ubiquitous contemporary use pesticides, specifically organophosphates (OP) and pyrethroids (PYR), and their association with germ cell abnormalities among adult men. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to determine disomy in sperm nuclei and urine was analyzed for concentrations of PYR metabolites (3-phenoxybenzoic acid; 3PBA) and OP dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites. Incidence rate ratios using Poisson models were estimated for each disomy type by exposure quartile of DAP metabolites and 3PBA, controlling for confounders. The shape of the associations between PYRs, OPs and disomy were frequently nonmonotonic. There were consistent interactions between OP and PYR metabolite concentrations and the risk for sperm abnormalities. Taking both chemicals into account simultaneously resulted in quantitatively different associations than what was reported previously for OPs and PYRs separately, demonstrating the importance of modeling multiple concentrations simultaneously. Methods investigating interactions using Poisson models are needed to better quantify chemical interactions and their effects on count-based health outcomes, the importance of which was shown here for germ cell abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida I Figueroa
- George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Heather A Young
- George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sunni L Mumford
- National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana B Barr
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - George M Gray
- George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Melissa J Perry
- George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Washington, DC, USA.
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Inhibition of K2P potassium channels by pyrethroid insecticides contribute to activate primary sensory neurons to cause paraesthesias and painful sensations. Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used for pest control in agriculture or in human public health commonly as a topical treatment for scabies and head lice. Exposure to pyrethroids such as permethrin or tetramethrin (TM) causes sensory alterations such as transient pain, burning, stinging sensations, and paraesthesias. Despite the well-known effects of pyrethroids on sodium channels, actions on other channels that control sensory neuron excitability are less studied. Given the role of 2-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels in modulating sensory neuron excitability and firing, both in physiological and pathological conditions, we examined the effect of pyrethroids on K2P channels mainly expressed in sensory neurons. Through electrophysiological and calcium imaging experiments, we show that a high percentage of TM-responding neurons were nociceptors, which were also activated by TRPA1 and/or TRPV1 agonists. This pyrethroid also activated and enhanced the excitability of peripheral saphenous nerve fibers. Pyrethroids produced a significant inhibition of native TRESK, TRAAK, TREK-1, and TREK-2 currents. Similar effects were found in transfected HEK293 cells. At the behavioral level, intradermal TM injection in the mouse paw produced nocifensive responses and caused mechanical allodynia, demonstrating that the effects seen on nociceptors in culture lead to pain-associated behaviors in vivo. In TRESK knockout mice, pain-associated behaviors elicited by TM were enhanced, providing further evidence for a role of this channel in preventing excessive neuronal activation. Our results indicate that inhibition of K2P channels facilitates sensory neuron activation and increases their excitability. These effects contribute to the generation of paraesthesias and pain after pyrethroid exposure.
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Abstract
Introduction Pyrethroid compounds are widely used as insecticides. These compounds not only have a versatile application, but also have favourable toxicological profiles with high selectivity and toxicity to insects and low toxicity to humans. Despite this, there have been several reports of toxicity to humans in both occupational exposure and deliberate ingestional poisoning. Classical presentation and treatment Two classical syndromic presentations are described. Type I syndrome is characterised predominantly by tremors and is seen with exposure to type I pyrethroids. Type II pyrethroids, which are structurally modified type I pyrethroids with the addition of a cyano group, can result in type II syndrome characterized by choreo-athetosis and salivation. Mega-dose poisoning and mixed poisoning, particularly with organophosphorus compounds, is associated with significant toxicity and death. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic. A favourable outcome can be expected in most patients. How to cite this article Ramchandra AM, Chacko B, Victor PJ. Pyrethroid Poisoning. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019;23(Suppl 4):S267–S271.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul M Ramchandra
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Binila Chacko
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Peter J Victor
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bahgy HEKE, Elbarbary HA, Ibrahim SS. Open Access Estimation of deltamethrin residues in cow's and goat's environment and trials to reduce its level in milk. Vet World 2018; 11:606-611. [PMID: 29915498 PMCID: PMC5993775 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.606-611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was aimed to estimate deltamethrin residues in cow’s and goat’s environment over a certain period of time post-application, to identify the role of both feed and water as a source of pesticides, and to conduct some trials to reduce their levels in milk. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 water and feed samples (40 of each) and 120 milk samples (80 cow’s milk and 40 goat’s milk) were collected. Fresh milk samples were collected directly from the udder as well as from feed and water before application and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 15th, 21st, and 35th days after insecticide application. Results: Deltamethrin residues were detected after its application in both water and feed at different levels up to the first 3 days and in all cow’s and goat’s milk samples at 35th day. The highest levels were detected in milk samples at the 2nd day then at the 7th day followed at the 15th day after application as such levels were above the maximum residual limits. By microwaving the polluted cow’s milk samples, deltamethrin residues were not detected without influencing the chemical composition of the milk. However, on freezing of milk, the deltamethrin residues reached 12.6±3.24 μg/L in association with a significant decline in the concentration of fat. Conclusion: Microwaving of milk is an effective method to decline deltamethrin concentration in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halla E K El Bahgy
- Hygiene and Veterinary Care, Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736 Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Hend A Elbarbary
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736 Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736 Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalyubia, Egypt
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Gao X, Guo H, Wang J, Zhao Q. Sensitive and rapid determination of pyrethroids in human blood by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Drug Test Anal 2018; 10:1131-1138. [PMID: 29350497 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a sensitive and fast procedure of ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UADLLME) coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for the determination of major pyrethroid pesticides (permethrin, tetramethrin, bifenthrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, fenpropathrin, deltamethrin, and cyhalothrin) in blood samples was developed. Response surface methodology (RSM) combined with Box-Behnken design (BBD) and ANOVA function was used to optimize key factors affecting the extraction efficiency of UADLLME procedure. Target compounds were analyzed by GC-MS/MS. Under the optimal conditions, good linearity (R2 >0.99) was achieved for all the analytes in the concentration range of 0.5 to 100 μg L-1 . The recoveries for spiked samples at 3 concentration levels were between 70.2 and 91.8%, with relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 10%. Very low limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 μg L-1 and from 0.03 to 0.3 μg L-1 were achieved. This method was successfully applied to the determination of low concentration of pyrethroids in blood samples from real forensic cases. High sensitivity, fast determination, simplicity in operation, small sample volume, and low usage of organic solvents are the advantages of this method. This methodology is of important value for sensitive and quick determination of residue pesticides and metabolites, study of residue pesticides behavior in human body, as well as application in real forensic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Chongqing Key Lab of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, Chongqing Technology and Business University, China
| | | | - Junwei Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Forensic Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingbiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, College of Information Science & Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Aznar-Alemany Ò, Giménez J, de Stephanis R, Eljarrat E, Barceló D. Insecticide pyrethroids in liver of striped dolphin from the Mediterranean Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:346-353. [PMID: 28283410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid pesticides were analysed in liver of striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the Alboran Sea (south of Spain, Mediterranean Sea). The occurrence and bioaccumulation of pyrethroid insecticides in marine mammal tissues from the northern hemisphere had never been determined before. Pyrethroids were detected in 87% of the specimens with a mean total concentration of 300 ng g-1 lw ± 932 (range 2.7-5200 ng g-1 lw). Permethrin and tetramethrin were the main contributors to the pyrethroid profiles, with enantiospecific accumulation for the first and isomer specific accumulation for the latter. Bioaccumulation of pyrethroids was unlike that of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), as pyrethroid concentrations were not correlated to the maturity stage of the specimens. Concentrations slightly increased from calves to juveniles, whereas juveniles presented similar concentrations to adults. Metabolization of pyrethroids after achieving sexual maturity might account for this pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Òscar Aznar-Alemany
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Giménez
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Americo Vespucio s/n, Isla Cartuja, 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Renaud de Stephanis
- Conservation, Information and Research on Cetaceans (CIRCE), Cabeza de Manzaneda 3, Algeciras-Pelayo, 11390 Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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Johnstone AFM, Strickland JD, Crofton KM, Gennings C, Shafer TJ. Effects of an environmentally-relevant mixture of pyrethroid insecticides on spontaneous activity in primary cortical networks on microelectrode arrays. Neurotoxicology 2017; 60:234-239. [PMID: 27177986 PMCID: PMC5831128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides exert their insecticidal and toxicological effects primarily by disrupting voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) function, resulting in altered neuronal excitability. Numerous studies of individual pyrethroids have characterized effects on mammalian VGSC function and neuronal excitability, yet studies examining effects of complex pyrethroid mixtures in mammalian neurons, especially in environmentally relevant mixture ratios, are limited. In the present study, concentration-response functions were characterized for five pyrethroids (permethrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, β-cyfluthrin and esfenvalerate) in an in vitro preparation containing cortical neurons and glia. As a metric of neuronal network activity, spontaneous mean network firing rates (MFR) were measured using microelectorde arrays (MEAs). In addition, the effect of a complex and exposure relevant mixture of the five pyrethroids (containing 52% permethrin, 28.8% cypermethrin, 12.9% β-cyfluthrin, 3.4% deltamethrin and 2.7% esfenvalerate) was also measured. Data were modeled to determine whether effects of the pyrethroid mixture were predicted by dose-addition. At concentrations up to 10μM, all compounds except permethrin reduced MFR. Deltamethrin and β-cyfluthrin were the most potent and reduced MFR by as much as 60 and 50%, respectively, while cypermethrin and esfenvalerate were of approximately equal potency and reduced MFR by only ∼20% at the highest concentration. Permethrin caused small (∼24% maximum), concentration-dependent increases in MFR. Effects of the environmentally relevant mixture did not depart from the prediction of dose-addition. These data demonstrate that an environmentally relevant mixture caused dose-additive effects on spontaneous neuronal network activity in vitro, and is consistent with other in vitro and in vivo assessments of pyrethroid mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F M Johnstone
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Chris Gennings
- Population Health and Science Policy, Mt Sinai Hospital, NY, NY, United States
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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Singh H, Luni FK, Marwaha B, Ali SS, Alo M. Transient Complete Heart Block Secondary to Bed Bug Insecticide: A Case of Pyrethroid Cardiac Toxicity. Cardiology 2016; 135:160-163. [DOI: 10.1159/000446574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are the major components of various commercially used insect repellants. These are less toxic to humans due to their slow absorption and rapid metabolism. However, cases of suicidal and accidental poisoning with household insecticides are not uncommon. We report a case of a 59-year-old female who presented with syncope after an accidental exposure to bed bug repellant spray at home. She was found to be in complete heart block and was treated conservatively. There was complete resolution of symptoms and atrioventricular conduction abnormality on day 2 of hospitalization. She was discharged in a stable condition with an uneventful follow-up course. Cardiac involvement in pyrethroid toxicity is rare. We describe various clinical manifestations and the pathophysiology of toxicity caused by pyrethroid-containing insecticides.
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Souza TM, Menezes ESB, Oliveira RV, Almeida Filho LCP, Martins JM, Moreno FB, Monteiro-Moreira ACO, Moura AAA, Carvalho AFU. Further evidences for the mode of action of the larvicidal m-pentadecadienyl-phenol isolated from Myracrodruon urundeuva seeds against Aedes aegypti. Acta Trop 2015; 152:49-55. [PMID: 26299195 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, dengue fever is considered the most important arbovirosis worldwide and its control is still based upon combating the vector Aedes aegypti. Besides monitoring of mosquito populations resistant to conventional insecticides, the search for new environmentally safe insecticides and conduction of molecular studies focusing on the elucidation of mode of action and possible resistance mechanisms are considered the key for a sustainable management of the mosquito vector. Thus, the present work aimed to assess changes in protein expression of 3rd-instar larvae of Ae. aegypti after exposure to the natural insecticide m-pentadecadienyl-phenol. Bidimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry resulted in identification of 12 proteins differentially expressed between control and treated groups. Larvae exposed to the toxic compound for 24h showed elevated detoxification response (glutathione-S-transferase), increased levels of stress-related proteins (HSP70) as well as evidence of lysosome stabilization to enable survival. Furthermore, expression of proteins involved in protection of peritrophic membrane and metabolism of lipids indicated systemic effect of toxic effects in treated larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezinha M Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Pici, Federal University of Ceara, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Erika S Bezerra Menezes
- Department of Animal Science, Campus do Pici, Federal University of Ceara, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Campus do Pici, Federal University of Ceara, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos P Almeida Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Pici, Federal University of Ceara, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jorge M Martins
- Department of Animal Science, Campus do Pici, Federal University of Ceara, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Frederico B Moreno
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Fortaleza, 60810-431, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Arlindo A Araripe Moura
- Department of Animal Science, Campus do Pici, Federal University of Ceara, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana F Urano Carvalho
- Departament of Biology, Campus do Pici, Federal University of Ceara, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Pandey V, Chauhan A, Pandey G, Mudiam MKR. Optical sensing of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid as a pyrethroid pesticides exposure marker by surface imprinting polymer capped on manganese-doped zinc sulfide quantum dots. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ancr.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Goksugur SB, Karatas Z, Goksugur N, Bekdas M, Demircioglu F. Metabolic acidosis in an infant associated with permethrin toxicity. Pediatr Dermatol 2015; 32:e15-7. [PMID: 25487692 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are broad-spectrum insecticides. Permethrin intoxication due to topical application has not been documented in humans. We report a 20-month-old infant who had used 5% permethrin lotion topically for scabies treatment. Approximately 60 mL (20 mL/day) was used and after the third application he developed agitation, nausea, vomiting, respiratory distress, tachycardia, and metabolic acidosis. His clinical symptoms and metabolic acidosis normalized within 20 hours. His follow-up was unremarkable. Toxicity of permethrin is rare, and although permethrin is a widely and safely used topical agent in the treatment of scabies and lice, inappropriate use may rarely cause toxicity. Moreover, in cases of unexplained metabolic acidosis, topically applied medications should be carefully investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil B Goksugur
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Quirós-Alcalá L, Mehta S, Eskenazi B. Pyrethroid pesticide exposure and parental report of learning disability and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children: NHANES 1999-2002. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:1336-42. [PMID: 25192380 PMCID: PMC4256700 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1308031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of pyrethroid insecticides has increased dramatically over the past decade; however, data on their potential health effects, particularly on children, are limited. OBJECTIVE We examined the cross-sectional association between postnatal pyrethroid exposure and parental report of learning disability (LD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 6-15 years of age. METHODS Using logistic regression, we estimated associations of urinary metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides with parent-reported LD, ADHD, and both LD and ADHD in 1,659-1,680 children participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002). RESULTS The prevalence rates of parent-reported LD, ADHD, and both LD and ADHD were 12.7%, 10.0%, and 5.4%, respectively. Metabolite detection frequencies for 3-PBA [3-phenoxybenzoic acid], cis-DCCA [cis-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid], and trans-DCCA [trans-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid] were 77.1%, 35.6%, and 33.9%, respectively. The geometric mean 3-PBA concentration was 0.32 μg/L (median = 0.31 μg/L; interquartile rage = 0.10-0.89 μg/L). cis- and trans-DCCA 75th-percentile concentrations were 0.21 μg/L and 0.68 μg/L, respectively. Log10-transformed 3-PBA concentrations were associated with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.18 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.51) for parent-reported LD, 1.16 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.58) for ADHD, and 1.45 (95% CI: 0.92, 2.27) for both LD and ADHD. Adjusted ORs remained nonsignificant and decreased after controlling for creatinine and other environmental chemicals previously linked to altered neurodevelopment. Similarly, no significant associations were observed for cis- and trans-DCCA. CONCLUSIONS Postnatal pyrethroid exposure was not associated with parental report of LD and/or ADHD. Given the widespread and increasing use of pyrethroids, future research should evaluate exposures at current levels, particularly during critical windows of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Piner P, Üner N. Neurotoxic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin modulated by piperonyl butoxide in the brain of Oreochromis niloticus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1275-1282. [PMID: 23460558 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the neurotoxic effects of pyrethroid pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin by the modulation of cytochrome P450 with piperonyl butoxide in the brain of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus. The fish were exposed to 0.48 μg L(-1) (1/6 of the 96-h LC50 ) lambda-cyhalothrin and 10 μg L(-1) piperonyl butoxide for 96 h and 15 days. tGSH, GSSG, TBARS contents, GPx, GR, GST, and AChE enzymes activities were determined by spectrophotometrical methods and Hsp70 content was analyzed by ELISA technique. Lambda-cyhalothrin had no significant effect on the components of GSH redox system, lipid peroxidation and Hsp70 levels but inhibited AChE activity. In the presence of piperonyl butoxide, lambda-cyhalothrin caused increases in tGSH, GSSG, TBARS and Hsp70 contents, GST activity, and decrease in AChE activity. Present results showed that in the presence of piperonyl butoxide, lambda-cyhalothrin caused neurotoxic effects by increasing oxidative stress. Adaptation to its oxidative stress effects may be supplied by GSH-related antioxidant system. Piperonyl butoxide revealed neurotoxic effect of lambda-cyhalothrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petek Piner
- Division of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Avşar Campus, 46100, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
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Shivanoor SM, David M. Protective role of turmeric against deltamethrin induced renal oxidative damage in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hsu CW, Zhao J, Huang R, Hsieh JH, Hamm J, Chang X, Houck K, Xia M. Quantitative high-throughput profiling of environmental chemicals and drugs that modulate farnesoid X receptor. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6437. [PMID: 25257666 PMCID: PMC4894417 DOI: 10.1038/srep06437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates the homeostasis of bile acids, lipids, and glucose. Because endogenous chemicals bind and activate FXR, it is important to examine which xenobiotic compounds would disrupt normal receptor function. We used a cell-based human FXR β-lactamase (Bla) reporter gene assay to profile the Tox21 10K compound collection of environmental chemicals and drugs. Structure-activity relationships of FXR-active compounds revealed by this screening were then compared against the androgen receptor, estrogen receptor α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors δ and γ, and the vitamin D receptor. We identified several FXR-active structural classes including anthracyclines, benzimidazoles, dihydropyridines, pyrethroids, retinoic acids, and vinca alkaloids. Microtubule inhibitors potently decreased FXR reporter gene activity. Pyrethroids specifically antagonized FXR transactivation. Anthracyclines affected reporter activity in all tested assays, suggesting non-specific activity. These results provide important information to prioritize chemicals for further investigation, and suggest possible modes of action of compounds in FXR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Hsu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jui-Hua Hsieh
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Jon Hamm
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Morrisville, NC
| | | | - Keith Houck
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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