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Pisani DF, Lettieri-Barbato D, Ivanov S. Polyamine metabolism in macrophage-adipose tissue function and homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00126-7. [PMID: 38897879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular metabolism is a crucial regulator of macrophage function. Recent evidence revealed that the polyamine pathway and subsequent hypusination of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) are master regulators of immune cell functions. In brown adipose tissue (BAT), macrophages show an impressive degree of heterogenicity, with specific subsets supporting adaptive thermogenesis during cold exposure. In this review, we discuss the impact of polyamine metabolism on macrophage diversity and function, with a particular focus on their role in adipose tissue homeostasis. Thus, we highlight the exploration of how polyamine metabolism in macrophages contributes to BAT homeostasis as an attractive and exciting new field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Wang HLV, Xiang JF, Yuan C, Veire AM, Gendron TF, Murray ME, Tansey MG, Hu J, Gearing M, Glass JD, Jin P, Corces VG, McEachin ZT. pTDP-43 levels correlate with cell type specific molecular alterations in the prefrontal cortex of C9orf72 ALS/FTD patients. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.12.523820. [PMID: 36711601 PMCID: PMC9882184 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and familial frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD). To identify molecular defects that take place in the dorsolateral frontal cortex of patients with C9orf72 ALS/FTD, we compared healthy controls with C9orf72 ALS/FTD donor samples staged based on the levels of cortical phosphorylated TAR DNA binding protein (pTDP-43), a neuropathological hallmark of disease progression. We identified distinct molecular changes in different cell types that take place during FTD development. Loss of neurosurveillance microglia and activation of the complement cascade take place early, when pTDP-43 aggregates are absent or very low, and become more pronounced in late stages, suggesting an initial involvement of microglia in disease progression. Reduction of layer 2-3 cortical projection neurons with high expression of CUX2/LAMP5 also occurs early, and the reduction becomes more pronounced as pTDP-43 accumulates. Several unique features were observed only in samples with high levels of pTDP-43, including global alteration of chromatin accessibility in oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes; higher ratios of premature oligodendrocytes; increased levels of the noncoding RNA NEAT1 in astrocytes and neurons, and higher amount of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6. Our findings reveal previously unknown progressive functional changes in major cell types found in the frontal cortex of C9orf72 ALS/FTD patients that shed light on the mechanisms underlying the pathology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Lin V. Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jian-Feng Xiang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Chenyang Yuan
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Austin M. Veire
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | | | | | - Malú G. Tansey
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jonathan D. Glass
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Victor G. Corces
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Zachary T. McEachin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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3
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Ryu HM, Islam SMS, Sayeed HM, Babita R, Seong JK, Lee H, Sohn S. Characterization of immune responses associated with ERAP-1 expression in HSV-induced Behçet's disease mouse model. Clin Immunol 2023; 250:109305. [PMID: 37003592 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic multisystem inflammatory disorder. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) polymorphism has been reported as a risk factor for BD. However, the immunological role of ERAP1 in BD remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the immunological role of ERAP1 in BD using a mouse model. ERAP1 incomplete expressing mice (ERAP1 hetero, +/-) were generated and inoculated with herpes simplex virus 1 to produce a BD mouse model. In these mice, dendritic cell activation markers and other immune response-related markers were analyzed. Among them, the factor showing a significant difference between ERAP+/- BD mice and WT BD mice was IL-17. In ERAP+/-, BD had significantly different expression levels of CD80, CD11b, Ly6G, RORγt, IFNγ, and IL-17 compared to asymptomatic controls. This study demonstrates ERAP1 defective expressions play an important role in BD development through inappropriate regulation of Th17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Myung Ryu
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Shamsul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hasan M Sayeed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahar Babita
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Plus Program for Advanced Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdiscplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyang Sohn
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Moyo NA, Westcott D, Simmonds R, Steinbach F. Equine Arteritis Virus in Monocytic Cells Suppresses Differentiation and Function of Dendritic Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:255. [PMID: 36680295 PMCID: PMC9862904 DOI: 10.3390/v15010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine viral arteritis is an infectious disease of equids caused by equine arteritis virus (EAV), an RNA virus of the family Arteriviridae. Dendritic cells (DC) are important modulators of the immune response with the ability to present antigen to naïve T cells and can be generated in vitro from monocytes (MoDC). DC are important targets for many viruses and this interaction is crucial for the establishment-or rather not-of an anti-viral immunity. Little is known of the effect EAV has on host immune cells, particularly DC. To study the interaction of eqDC with EAV in vitro, an optimized eqMoDC system was used, which was established in a previous study. MoDC were infected with strains of different genotypes and pathogenicity. Virus replication was determined through titration and qPCR. The effect of the virus on morphology, phenotype and function of cells was assessed using light microscopy, flow cytometry and in vitro assays. This study confirms that EAV replicates in monocytes and MoDC. The replication was most efficient in mature MoDC, but variable between strains. Only the virulent strain caused a significant down-regulation of certain proteins such as CD14 and CD163 on monocytes and of CD83 on mature MoDC. Functional studies conducted after infection showed that EAV inhibited the endocytic and phagocytic capacity of Mo and mature MoDC with minimal effect on immature MoDC. Infected MoDC showed a reduced ability to stimulate T cells. Ultimately, EAV replication resulted in an apoptosis-mediated cell death. Thus, EAV evades the host anti-viral immunity both by inhibition of antigen presentation early after infection and through killing infected DC during replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathifa A. Moyo
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Virology Department, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Dave Westcott
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Virology Department, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Rachel Simmonds
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Falko Steinbach
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Virology Department, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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Seoane R, Llamas-González YY, Vidal S, El Motiam A, Bouzaher YH, Fonseca D, Farrás R, García-Sastre A, González-Santamaría J, Rivas C. eIF5A is activated by virus infection or dsRNA and facilitates virus replication through modulation of interferon production. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:960138. [PMID: 35967877 PMCID: PMC9363599 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.960138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Active hypusine-modified initiation elongation factor 5A is critical for cell proliferation and differentiation, embryonic development, and innate immune response of macrophages to bacterial infection. Here, we demonstrate that both virus infection and double-stranded RNA viral mimic stimulation induce the hypusination of eIF5A. Furthermore, we show that activation of eIF5A is essential for the replication of several RNA viruses including influenza A virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, chikungunya virus, mayaro virus, una virus, zika virus, and punta toro virus. Finally, our data reveal that inhibition of eIF5A hypusination using the spermidine analog GC7 or siRNA-mediated downmodulation of eIF5A1 induce upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins and trigger the transcriptional induction of interferon and interferon-stimulated genes, mechanisms that may explain the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of eIF5A inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Seoane
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yessica Y. Llamas-González
- Grupo de Biología Celular y Molecular de Arbovirus, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panamá, Panama
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Vidal
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ahmed El Motiam
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yanis Hichem Bouzaher
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Danae Fonseca
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rosa Farrás
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - José González-Santamaría
- Grupo de Biología Celular y Molecular de Arbovirus, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panamá, Panama
| | - Carmen Rivas
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carmen Rivas,
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Cell Surface Proteins for Enrichment and In Vitro Characterization of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Myogenic Progenitors. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2735414. [PMID: 35251185 PMCID: PMC8894063 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2735414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human myogenic progenitors can be derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for use in modeling natural and pathological myogenesis, as well as treating muscle diseases. Transgene-free methods of deriving myogenic progenitors from different PSC lines often produce mixed populations that are heterogeneous in myogenic differentiation potential, yet detailed and accurate characterization of human PSC-derived myogenic progenitors remains elusive in the field. The isolation and purification of human PSC-derived myogenic progenitors is thus an important methodological consideration when we investigate the properties and behaviors of these cells in culture. We previously reported a transgene-free, serum-free floating sphere culture method for the derivation of myogenic progenitors from human PSCs. In this study, we first performed comprehensive cell surface protein profiling of the sphere culture cells through the screening of 255 antibodies. Next, we used magnetic activated cell sorting and enriched the cells according to the expression of specific surface markers. The ability of muscle differentiation in the resulting cells was characterized by immunofluorescent labeling and quantification of positively stained cells. Our results revealed that myotube-forming cells resided in the differentiated cultures of CD29+, CD56+, CD271+, and CD15– fractions, while thick and multinucleated myotubes were identified in the differentiated cultures from CD9+ and CD146+ fractions. We found that PAX7 localization to the nucleus correlates with myotube-forming ability in these sorted populations. We also demonstrated that cells in unsorted, CD271+, and CD15– fractions responded differently to cryopreservation and prolonged culture expansion. Lastly, we showed that CD271 expression is essential for terminal differentiation of human PSC-derived myogenic progenitors. Taken together, these cell surface proteins are not only useful markers to identify unique cellular populations in human PSC-derived myogenic progenitors but also functionally important molecules that can provide valuable insight into human myogenesis.
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Shokati Eshkiki Z, Khayer N, Talebi A, Karbalaei R, Akbari A. Novel insight into pancreatic adenocarcinoma pathogenesis using liquid association analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:30. [PMID: 35180880 PMCID: PMC8855560 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy associated with a poor prognosis. High-throughput disease-related-gene expression data provide valuable information on gene interaction, which consequently lead to deeper insight about pathogenesis. The co-expression analysis is a common approach that is used to investigate gene interaction. However, such an approach solely is inadequate to reveal the complexity of the gene interaction. The three-way interaction model is known as a novel approach applied to decode the complex relationship between genes. METHODS In the current study, the liquid association method was used to capture the statistically significant triplets involved in the PDAC pathogenesis. Subsequently, gene set enrichment and gene regulatory network analyses were performed to trace the biological relevance of the statistically significant triplets. RESULTS The results of the current study suggest that "response to estradiol" and "Regulation of T-cell proliferation" are two critical biological processes that may be associated with the PDAC pathogenesis. Additionally, we introduced six switch genes, namely Lamc2, Klk1, Nqo1, Aox1, Tspan1, and Cxcl12, which might be involved in PDAC triggering. CONCLUSION In the current study, for the first time, the critical genes and pathways involved in the PDAC pathogenesis were investigated using the three-way interaction approach. As a result, two critical biological processes, as well as six potential biomarkers, were suggested that might be involved in the PDAC triggering. Surprisingly, strong evidence for the biological relevance of our results can be found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shokati Eshkiki
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Khayer
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Talebi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Karbalaei
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tauc M, Cougnon M, Carcy R, Melis N, Hauet T, Pellerin L, Blondeau N, Pisani DF. The eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A1), the molecule, mechanisms and recent insights into the pathophysiological roles. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:219. [PMID: 34952646 PMCID: PMC8705083 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the demonstration of its involvement in cell proliferation, the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) has been studied principally in relation to the development and progression of cancers in which the isoform A2 is mainly expressed. However, an increasing number of studies report that the isoform A1, which is ubiquitously expressed in normal cells, exhibits novel molecular features that reveal its new relationships between cellular functions and organ homeostasis. At a first glance, eIF5A can be regarded, among other things, as a factor implicated in the initiation of translation. Nevertheless, at least three specificities: (1) its extreme conservation between species, including plants, throughout evolution, (2) its very special and unique post-translational modification through the activating-hypusination process, and finally (3) its close relationship with the polyamine pathway, suggest that the role of eIF5A in living beings remains to be uncovered. In fact, and beyond its involvement in facilitating the translation of proteins containing polyproline residues, eIF5A is implicated in various physiological processes including ischemic tolerance, metabolic adaptation, aging, development, and immune cell differentiation. These newly discovered physiological properties open up huge opportunities in the clinic for pathologies such as, for example, the ones in which the oxygen supply is disrupted. In this latter case, organ transplantation, myocardial infarction or stroke are concerned, and the current literature defines eIF5A as a new drug target with a high level of potential benefit for patients with these diseases or injuries. Moreover, the recent use of genomic and transcriptomic association along with metadata studies also revealed the implication of eIF5A in genetic diseases. Thus, this review provides an overview of eIF5A from its molecular mechanism of action to its physiological roles and the clinical possibilities that have been recently reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Tauc
- LP2M, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France. .,Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France. .,Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, UMR7370, Faculté de Médecine, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107, Nice Cedex, France.
| | - Marc Cougnon
- LP2M, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Romain Carcy
- Service de Réanimation Polyvalente et Service de Réanimation des Urgences Vitales, CHU Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Melis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thierry Hauet
- INSERM, IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, La Milétrie, Poitiers, France
| | - Luc Pellerin
- INSERM, IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, La Milétrie, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Blondeau
- Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France.,IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Didier F Pisani
- LP2M, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
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9
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Kachaev ZM, Ivashchenko SD, Kozlov EN, Lebedeva LA, Shidlovskii YV. Localization and Functional Roles of Components of the Translation Apparatus in the Eukaryotic Cell Nucleus. Cells 2021; 10:3239. [PMID: 34831461 PMCID: PMC8623629 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of the translation apparatus, including ribosomal proteins, have been found in cell nuclei in various organisms. Components of the translation apparatus are involved in various nuclear processes, particularly those associated with genome integrity control and the nuclear stages of gene expression, such as transcription, mRNA processing, and mRNA export. Components of the translation apparatus control intranuclear trafficking; the nuclear import and export of RNA and proteins; and regulate the activity, stability, and functional recruitment of nuclear proteins. The nuclear translocation of these components is often involved in the cell response to stimulation and stress, in addition to playing critical roles in oncogenesis and viral infection. Many components of the translation apparatus are moonlighting proteins, involved in integral cell stress response and coupling of gene expression subprocesses. Thus, this phenomenon represents a significant interest for both basic and applied molecular biology. Here, we provide an overview of the current data regarding the molecular functions of translation factors and ribosomal proteins in the cell nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaur M. Kachaev
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Sergey D. Ivashchenko
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Eugene N. Kozlov
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Lyubov A. Lebedeva
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Yulii V. Shidlovskii
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Z.M.K.); (S.D.I.); (E.N.K.); (L.A.L.)
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119992 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Islam SMS, Ryu HM, Sayeed HM, Sohn S. Interrelationship of Stress, Environment, and Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 on Behçet's Disease: Using a Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607768. [PMID: 33868228 PMCID: PMC8044423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of stress and environment factors on the induction of Behçet's disease (BD) using HSV-1 infected mouse model. BD is a chronic multisystemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Environmental factors, immune dysfunction, and herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV) infection might be triggers of BD. To investigate effects of environmental factors on the incidence of BD, HSV was inoculated into mice. Mice were then maintained in conventional facility or SPF facility to compare BD incidence rates. The incidence of BD was also tracked by adding stressors such as substance P (anxiety stress), 4°C (cold stress), xanthine sodium salt (oxidative stress), or 77 dB noise (noise stress). To clarify immune mechanisms involved in the difference in BD incidence caused by various stresses, dendritic cell activation markers were analyzed using flow cytometry. The combination of conventional environment, noise stress, and HSV had the highest rate of BD (38.1%) among all groups. However, HSV inoculated group in a SPF environment had the lowest incidence (2.2%). Frequencies of dendritic cell activation markers such as CD40, CD83, CD80, and CD86 were expressed differently under various stresses. Noise stress increased frequencies of CD83 positive cells. Noise stress also upregulated transcription factors T-bet and ROR-γt. Different gut microbiota compositions were observed between SPF and conventional environment by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Environment and stress influenced the incidence of HSV-induced BD. Microbial diversity due to environmental differences might be one explanation for regional differences in the incidence of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shamsul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Myung Ryu
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hasan M Sayeed
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seonghyang Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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11
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Diskin C, Ryan TAJ, O'Neill LAJ. Modification of Proteins by Metabolites in Immunity. Immunity 2020; 54:19-31. [PMID: 33220233 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunometabolism has emerged as a key focus for immunologists, with metabolic change in immune cells becoming as important a determinant for specific immune effector responses as discrete signaling pathways. A key output for these changes involves post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins by metabolites. Products of glycolysis and Krebs cycle pathways can mediate these events, as can lipids, amino acids, and polyamines. A rich and diverse set of PTMs in macrophages and T cells has been uncovered, altering phenotype and modulating immunity and inflammation in different contexts. We review the recent findings in this area and speculate whether they could be of use in the effort to develop therapeutics for immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Diskin
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - T A J Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - L A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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12
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Balukoff NC, Ho JJD, Theodoridis PR, Wang M, Bokros M, Llanio LM, Krieger JR, Schatz JH, Lee S. A translational program that suppresses metabolism to shield the genome. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5755. [PMID: 33188200 PMCID: PMC7666154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Translatome reprogramming is a primary determinant of protein levels during stimuli adaptation. This raises the question: what are the translatome remodelers that reprogram protein output to activate biochemical adaptations. Here, we identify a translational pathway that represses metabolism to safeguard genome integrity. A system-wide MATRIX survey identified the ancient eIF5A as a pH-regulated translation factor that responds to fermentation-induced acidosis. TMT-pulse-SILAC analysis identified several pH-dependent proteins, including the mTORC1 suppressor Tsc2 and the longevity regulator Sirt1. Sirt1 operates as a pH-sensor that deacetylates nuclear eIF5A during anaerobiosis, enabling the cytoplasmic export of eIF5A/Tsc2 mRNA complexes for translational engagement. Tsc2 induction inhibits mTORC1 to suppress cellular metabolism and prevent acidosis-induced DNA damage. Depletion of eIF5A or Tsc2 leads to metabolic re-initiation and proliferation, but at the expense of incurring substantial DNA damage. We suggest that eIF5A operates as a translatome remodeler that suppresses metabolism to shield the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Balukoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - J J David Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Phaedra R Theodoridis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Miling Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Michael Bokros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Lis M Llanio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jonathan R Krieger
- The SickKids Proteomics, Analytics, Robotics & Chemical Biology Centre (SPARC Biocentre), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1×8, Canada
- Bioinformatics Solutions Inc., Waterloo, ON, N2L 6J2, Canada
| | - Jonathan H Schatz
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephen Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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13
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Schönberg A, Hamdorf M, Bock F. Immunomodulatory Strategies Targeting Dendritic Cells to Improve Corneal Graft Survival. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1280. [PMID: 32354200 PMCID: PMC7287922 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though the cornea is regarded as an immune-privileged tissue, transplantation always comes with the risk of rejection due to mismatches between donor and recipient. It is common sense that an alternative to corticosteroids as the current gold standard for treatment of corneal transplantation is needed. Since blood and lymphatic vessels have been identified as a severe risk factor for corneal allograft survival, much research has focused on vessel regression or inhibition of hem- and lymphangiogenesis in general. However, lymphatic vessels have been identified as required for the inflammation's resolution. Therefore, targeting other players of corneal engraftment could reveal new therapeutic strategies. The establishment of a tolerogenic microenvironment at the graft site would leave the recipient with the ability to manage pathogenic conditions independent from transplantation. Dendritic cells (DCs) as the central player of the immune system represent a target that allows the induction of tolerogenic mechanisms by many different strategies. These strategies are reviewed in this article with regard to their success in corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfrun Schönberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (A.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Matthias Hamdorf
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (A.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (A.S.); (M.H.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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14
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Grosche L, Knippertz I, König C, Royzman D, Wild AB, Zinser E, Sticht H, Muller YA, Steinkasserer A, Lechmann M. The CD83 Molecule - An Important Immune Checkpoint. Front Immunol 2020; 11:721. [PMID: 32362900 PMCID: PMC7181454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD83 molecule has been identified to be expressed on numerous activated immune cells, including B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, microglia, and neutrophils. Both isoforms of CD83, the membrane-bound as well as its soluble form are topic of intensive research investigations. Several studies revealed that CD83 is not a typical co-stimulatory molecule, but rather plays a critical role in controlling and resolving immune responses. Moreover, CD83 is an essential factor during the differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and the development and maintenance of tolerance. The identification of its interaction partners as well as signaling pathways have been an enigma for the last decades. Here, we report the latest data on the expression, structure, and the signaling partners of CD83. In addition, we review the regulatory functions of CD83, including its striking modulatory potential to maintain the balance between tolerance versus inflammation during homeostasis or pathologies. These immunomodulatory properties of CD83 emphasize its exceptional therapeutic potential, which has been documented in specific preclinical disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Grosche
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilka Knippertz
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina König
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dmytro Royzman
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas B. Wild
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Zinser
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yves A. Muller
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Lechmann
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Islam SMS, Byun HO, Choi B, Sohn S. Inhibition of CD83 Alleviates Systemic Inflammation in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Induced Behçet's Disease Model Mouse. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:5761392. [PMID: 31582900 PMCID: PMC6754941 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5761392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is an autoinflammatory disease that can lead to life- and sight-threating complications. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that can regulate multiple inflammatory pathways. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of the DC stimulatory molecule CD83 with BD. Frequencies of costimulatory molecules expressing DCs in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were measured by flow cytometry (FACS). The severity of symptoms in HSV-1-induced BD symptomatic mice was also assessed. Frequencies of CD83-positive cells were significantly increased in mice exhibiting BD symptoms, compared to those in asymptomatic mice. Abatacept, a CD80/86 blocker, significantly decreased the frequencies of CD83-positive cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. BD symptomatic mice treated with Abatacept showed gradual reduction in the severity score of symptoms. Intraperitoneal injection of CD83 siRNA significantly reduced the frequencies of CD83-positive cells in PBL and peritoneal macrophages. After CD83 siRNA injection, BD symptoms of mice were improved and disease severity was decreased. Discontinuation of CD83 siRNA deteriorated symptoms while readministration of CD83 siRNA again improved BD symptoms of mice. These results clearly indicate the involvement of CD83-expressing cells in the inflammatory symptoms of BD. Therefore, CD83 might be useful as a therapeutic target for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Shamsul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ok Byun
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Bunsoon Choi
- Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyang Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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16
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Imam S, Prathibha R, Dar P, Almotah K, Al-Khudhair A, Hasan SAM, Salim N, Jilani TN, Mirmira RG, Jaume JC. eIF5A inhibition influences T cell dynamics in the pancreatic microenvironment of the humanized mouse model of Type 1 Diabetes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1533. [PMID: 30733517 PMCID: PMC6367423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a transgenic mouse model of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in which human GAD65 is expressed in pancreatic β-cells, and human MHC-II is expressed on antigen presenting cells. Induced GAD65 antigen presentation activates T-cells, which initiates the downstream events leading to diabetes. In our humanized mice, we have shown downregulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 A (elF5A), expressed only in actively dividing mammalian cells. In-vivo inhibition of elF5A hypusination by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) inhibitor "GC7" was studied; DHS inhibitor alters the pathophysiology in our mouse model by catalyzing the crucial hypusination and the rate-limiting step of elF5A activation. In our mouse model, we have shown that inhibition of eIF5A resets the pro-inflammatory bias in the pancreatic microenvironment. There was: (a) reduction of Th1/Th17 response, (b) an increase in Treg numbers, (c) debase in IL17 and IL21 cytokines levels in serum, (d) lowering of anti-GAD65 antibodies, and (e) ablation of the ER stress that improved functionality of the β-cells, but minimal effect on the cytotoxic CD8 T-cell (CTL) mediated response. Conclusively, immune modulation, in the case of T1D, may help to manipulate inflammatory responses, decreasing disease severity, and may help manage T1D in early stages of disease. Our study also demonstrates that without manipulating the CTLs mediated response extensively, it is difficult to treat T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Imam
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - R Prathibha
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Pervaiz Dar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shuhama, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Khalil Almotah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Khudhair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Syed Abdul-Moiz Hasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Nancy Salim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Talha Naser Jilani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Jaume
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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17
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Ganapathi M, Padgett LR, Yamada K, Devinsky O, Willaert R, Person R, Au PYB, Tagoe J, McDonald M, Karlowicz D, Wolf B, Lee J, Shen Y, Okur V, Deng L, LeDuc CA, Wang J, Hanner A, Mirmira RG, Park MH, Mastracci TL, Chung WK. Recessive Rare Variants in Deoxyhypusine Synthase, an Enzyme Involved in the Synthesis of Hypusine, Are Associated with a Neurodevelopmental Disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:287-298. [PMID: 30661771 PMCID: PMC6369575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypusine is formed post-translationally from lysine and is found in a single cellular protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor-5A (eIF5A), and its homolog eIF5A2. Biosynthesis of hypusine is a two-step reaction involving the enzymes deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). eIF5A is highly conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution and plays a role in mRNA translation, cellular proliferation, cellular differentiation, and inflammation. DHPS is also highly conserved and is essential for life, as Dhps-null mice are embryonic lethal. Using exome sequencing, we identified rare biallelic, recurrent, predicted likely pathogenic variants in DHPS segregating with disease in five affected individuals from four unrelated families. These individuals have similar neurodevelopmental features that include global developmental delay and seizures. Two of four affected females have short stature. All five affected individuals share a recurrent missense variant (c.518A>G [p.Asn173Ser]) in trans with a likely gene disrupting variant (c.1014+1G>A, c.912_917delTTACAT [p.Tyr305_Ile306del], or c.1A>G [p.Met1?]). cDNA studies demonstrated that the c.1014+1G>A variant causes aberrant splicing. Recombinant DHPS enzyme harboring either the p.Asn173Ser or p.Tyr305_Ile306del variant showed reduced (20%) or absent in vitro activity, respectively. We co-transfected constructs overexpressing HA-tagged DHPS (wild-type or mutant) and GFP-tagged eIF5A into HEK293T cells to determine the effect of these variants on hypusine biosynthesis and observed that the p.Tyr305_Ile306del and p.Asn173Ser variants resulted in reduced hypusination of eIF5A compared to wild-type DHPS enzyme. Our data suggest that rare biallelic variants in DHPS result in reduced enzyme activity that limits the hypusination of eIF5A and are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Ganapathi
- Personalized Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leah R Padgett
- Regenerative Medicine & Metabolic Biology, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Neurology Department, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | | | - Ping-Yee Billie Au
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Julia Tagoe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Marie McDonald
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Danielle Karlowicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barry Wolf
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joanna Lee
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Volkan Okur
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Liyong Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles A LeDuc
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jiayao Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ashleigh Hanner
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4340, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Myung Hee Park
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4340, USA
| | - Teresa L Mastracci
- Regenerative Medicine & Metabolic Biology, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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18
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Heilingloh CS, Krawczyk A. Role of L-Particles during Herpes Simplex Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2565. [PMID: 29312245 PMCID: PMC5742154 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of eukaryotic cells with α-herpesviruses results in the formation and secretion of infectious heavy particles (virions; H-particles) and non-infectious light particles (L-particles). Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) H-particles consist of a genome-containing capsid surrounded by tegument proteins and a glycoprotein-rich lipid bilayer. Non-infectious L-particles are composed mainly of envelope and tegument proteins and are devoid of capsids and viral DNA. L-particles were first described in the early nineties and from then on investigated for their formation and role during virus infection. The development and secretion of L-particles occur simultaneously to the assembly of complete viral particles. HSV-1 L-particles are assembled by budding of condensed tegument into Golgi-delivered vesicles and are capable of delivering their functional content to non-infected cells. Thereby, HSV-1 L-particles contribute to viral pathogenesis within the infected host by enhancing virion infectivity and providing immune evasion functions. In this review we discuss the emergence of HSV-1 L-particles during virus replication and their biological functions described thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adalbert Krawczyk
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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19
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Butyrate and propionate inhibit antigen-specific CD8 + T cell activation by suppressing IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14516. [PMID: 29109552 PMCID: PMC5673935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, butyrate and propionate, are products of microbial macronutrients fermentation that distribute systemically and are believed to modulate host immune responses. Recent data have indicated that certain SCFAs, such as butyrate and propionate, directly modulate human dendritic cell (DC) function. Given the role of DCs in initiating and shaping the adaptive immune response, we now explore how SCFAs affect the activation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells stimulated with autologous, MART1 peptide-pulsed DC. We show that butyrate reduces the frequency of peptide-specific CD8+ T cells and, together with propionate, inhibit the activity of those cells. On the contrary, acetate does not affect them. Importantly, butyrate and propionate inhibit the production of IL-12 and IL-23 in the DCs and exogenous IL-12 fully restores the activation of the MART-1-specific CD8+ T cells, whereas IL-23 has no effect. In conclusion, these results point to a pivotal role of butyrate and propionate in modulating CD8+ T cell activation via the inhibition of IL-12 secretion from DCs. These findings reveal a novel mechanism whereby bacterial fermentation products may modulate CD8+ T cell function with possible implications in anti-cancer immunotherapy.
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20
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Budida R, Stankov MV, Döhner K, Buch A, Panayotova-Dimitrova D, Tappe KA, Pohlmann A, Sodeik B, Behrens GMN. Herpes simplex virus 1 interferes with autophagy of murine dendritic cells and impairs their ability to stimulate CD8 + T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1819-1834. [PMID: 28771693 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The MHC class I presentation is responsible for the presentation of viral proteins to CD8+ T lymphocytes and mainly depends on the classical antigen processing pathway. Recently, a second pathway involving autophagy has been implicated in this process. Here, we show an increase in the capacity of murine dendritic cells (DCs) to present viral antigens on MHC class I after infection with a mutant herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1-Δ34.5), lacking infected cell protein 34.5 (ICP34.5), when compared to its parental HSV-1 strain. The ICP34.5 protein counteracts host cell translational arrest and suppresses macroautophagy, and the lack of this protein resulted in a low viral protein abundance, which was processed and presented in an efficient way. Our study demonstrates an important role of autophagy in processing endogenous viral proteins in HSV-1-infected DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandramouli Budida
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Metodi V Stankov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katinka Döhner
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Buch
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Kim A Tappe
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Pohlmann
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beate Sodeik
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,DZIF-German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg M N Behrens
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,DZIF-German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig site, Hannover, Germany
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21
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Heilingloh CS, Klingl S, Egerer-Sieber C, Schmid B, Weiler S, Mühl-Zürbes P, Hofmann J, Stump JD, Sticht H, Kummer M, Steinkasserer A, Muller YA. Crystal Structure of the Extracellular Domain of the Human Dendritic Cell Surface Marker CD83. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:1227-1243. [PMID: 28315353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
CD83 is a type-I membrane protein and an efficient marker for identifying mature dendritic cells. Whereas membrane-bound, full-length CD83 co-stimulates the immune system, a soluble variant (sCD83), consisting of the extracellular domain only, displays strong immune-suppressive activities. Besides a prediction that sCD83 adopts a V-set Ig-like fold, however, little is known about the molecular architecture of CD83 and the mechanism by which CD83 exerts its function on dendritic cells and additional immune cells. Here, we report the crystal structure of human sCD83 up to a resolution of 1.7Å solved in three different crystal forms. Interestingly, β-strands C', C″, and D that are typical for V-set Ig-domains could not be traced in sCD83. Mass spectrometry analyses, limited proteolysis experiments, and bioinformatics studies show that the corresponding segment displays enhanced main-chain accessibility, extraordinary low sequence conservation, and a predicted high disorder propensity. Chimeric proteins with amino acid swaps in this segment show unaltered immune-suppressive activities in a TNF-α assay when compared to wild-type sCD83. This strongly indicates that this segment does not participate in the biological activity of CD83. The crystal structure of CD83 shows the recurrent formation of dimers and trimers in the various crystal forms and reveals strong structural similarities between sCD83 and B7 family members and CD48, a signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family member. This suggests that CD83 exerts its immunological activity by mixed homotypic and heterotypic interactions as typically observed for proteins present in the immunological synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane S Heilingloh
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Klingl
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 91, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Egerer-Sieber
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 91, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schmid
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 91, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Weiler
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 91, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Mühl-Zürbes
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim D Stump
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mirko Kummer
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yves A Muller
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 91, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany.
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22
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Horvatinovich JM, Grogan EW, Norris M, Steinkasserer A, Lemos H, Mellor AL, Tcherepanova IY, Nicolette CA, DeBenedette MA. Soluble CD83 Inhibits T Cell Activation by Binding to the TLR4/MD-2 Complex on CD14 + Monocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 198:2286-2301. [PMID: 28193829 PMCID: PMC5337811 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane protein CD83, expressed on APCs, B cells, and T cells, can be expressed as a soluble form generated by alternative splice variants and/or by shedding. Soluble CD83 (sCD83) was shown to be involved in negatively regulating the immune response. sCD83 inhibits T cell proliferation in vitro, supports allograft survival in vivo, prevents corneal transplant rejection, and attenuates the progression and severity of autoimmune diseases and experimental colitis. Although sCD83 binds to human PBMCs, the specific molecules that bind sCD83 have not been identified. In this article, we identify myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2), the coreceptor within the TLR4/MD-2 receptor complex, as the high-affinity sCD83 binding partner. TLR4/MD-2 mediates proinflammatory signal delivery following recognition of bacterial LPSs. However, altering TLR4 signaling can attenuate the proinflammatory cascade, leading to LPS tolerance. Our data show that binding of sCD83 to MD-2 alters this signaling cascade by rapidly degrading IL-1R-associated kinase-1, leading to induction of the anti-inflammatory mediators IDO, IL-10, and PGE2 in a COX-2-dependent manner. sCD83 inhibited T cell proliferation, blocked IL-2 secretion, and rendered T cells unresponsive to further downstream differentiation signals mediated by IL-2. Therefore, we propose the tolerogenic mechanism of action of sCD83 to be dependent on initial interaction with APCs, altering early cytokine signal pathways and leading to T cell unresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcus Norris
- Research Department, Argos Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, NC 27704
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Henrique Lemos
- Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Andrew L Mellor
- Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
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23
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Han H, Liang X, Ekberg M, Kritikou JS, Brunnström Å, Pelcman B, Matl M, Miao X, Andersson M, Yuan X, Schain F, Parvin S, Melin E, Sjöberg J, Xu D, Westerberg LS, Björkholm M, Claesson HE. Human 15-lipoxygenase-1 is a regulator of dendritic-cell spreading and podosome formation. FASEB J 2016; 31:491-504. [PMID: 27825104 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600679rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) involved in proinflammatory immune responses derive mainly from peripheral monocytes, and the cells subsequently mature and migrate into the inflammatory micromilieu. Here we report that suppressing of 15-lipoxygenase-1 led to a substantial reduction in DC spreading and podosome formation in vitro. The surface expression of CD83 was significantly lower in both sh-15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1)-transduced cells and DCs cultivated in the presence of a novel specific 15-LOX-1 inhibitor. The T-cell response against tetanus-pulsed DCs was only affected to a minor extent on inhibition of 15-LOX-1. In contrast, endocytosis and migration ability of DCs were significantly suppressed on 15-LOX-1 inhibition. The expression of 15-LOX-1 in DCs was also demonstrated in affected human skin in atopic and contact dermatitis, showing that the enzyme is indeed expressed in inflammatory diseases in vivo. This study demonstrated that inhibiting 15-LOX-1 led to an impaired podosome formation in DCs, and consequently suppressed antigen uptake and migration capacity. These results indicated that 15-LOX-1 is a potential target for inhibiting the trafficking of DCs to lymphoid organs and inflamed tissues and decreasing the inflammatory response attenuating symptoms of certain immunologic and inflammatory disorders such as dermatitis.-Han, H., Liang, X., Ekberg, M., Kritikou, J. S., Brunnström, Å., Pelcman, B., Matl, M., Miao, X., Andersson, M., Yuan, X., Schain, F., Parvin, S., Melin, E., Sjöberg, J., Xu, D., Westerberg, L. S., Björkholm, M., Claesson, H.-E. Human 15-lipoxygenase-1 is a regulator of dendritic-cell spreading and podosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongya Han
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; .,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiuming Liang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Ekberg
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna S Kritikou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Brunnström
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Pelcman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Matl
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinyan Miao
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Margareta Andersson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaotian Yuan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frida Schain
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Selina Parvin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Melin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Sjöberg
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dawei Xu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Björkholm
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Erik Claesson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Godefroy E, Liu Y, Shi P, Mitchell WB, Cohen D, Chou ST, Manwani D, Yazdanbakhsh K. Altered heme-mediated modulation of dendritic cell function in sickle cell alloimmunization. Haematologica 2016; 101:1028-38. [PMID: 27229712 PMCID: PMC5060019 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.147181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusions are the main treatment for patients with sickle cell disease. However, alloimmunization remains a major life-threatening complication for these patients, but the mechanism underlying pathogenesis of alloimmunization is not known. Given the chronic hemolytic state characteristic of sickle cell disease, resulting in release of free heme and activation of inflammatory cascades, we tested the hypothesis that anti-inflammatory response to heme is compromised in alloimmunized sickle patients, increasing their risk of alloimmunization. Heme-exposed monocyte-derived dendritic cells from both non-alloimmunized sickle patients and healthy donors inhibited priming of pro-inflammatory CD4(+) type 1 T cells, and exhibited significantly reduced levels of the maturation marker CD83. In contrast, in alloimmunized patients, heme did not reverse priming of pro-inflammatory CD4(+) cells by monocyte-derived dendritic cells or their maturation. Furthermore, heme dampened NF-κB activation in non-alloimmunized, but not in alloimmunized monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Heme-mediated CD83 inhibition depended on Toll-like receptor 4 but not heme oxygenase 1. These data suggest that extracellular heme limits CD83 expression on dendritic cells in non-alloimmunized sickle patients through a Toll-like receptor 4-mediated pathway, involving NF-κB, resulting in dampening of pro-inflammatory responses, but that in alloimmunized patients this pathway is defective. This opens up the possibility of developing new therapeutic strategies to prevent sickle cell alloimmunization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Laboratory of Complement Biology, New York Blood Center, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Deepa Manwani
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology - Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Khosravi S, Martinka M, Zhou Y, Ong CJ. Prognostic significance of the expression of nuclear eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 in human melanoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3089-3100. [PMID: 27899968 PMCID: PMC5103909 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 (EIF5A2) expression is upregulated in various cancers. The present authors previously demonstrated that cytoplasmic EIF5A2 expression increases with melanoma progression and inversely correlates with patient survival. Other studies have suggested that nuclear EIF5A2 may also play a role in oncogenesis. The present study used immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray with a large number of melanocytic lesions (n=459) and demonstrated that nuclear EIF5A2 expression was significantly upregulated between common acquired nevi, dysplastic nevi and primary melanomas, and between primary melanomas and metastatic melanomas. Nuclear EIF5A2 expression was inversely associated with overall and disease-specific 5-year survival rate for all (P<0.001) and primary (P=0.014 and P=0.015, respectively) melanoma patients. Nuclear EIF5A2 expression was directly associated with melanoma thickness (P=0.036) and American Joint Committee on Cancer staging (P<0.001), which suggests the possible role of nuclear EIF5A2 in melanoma cell invasion. Subsequently, the present study investigated the association between the expression of nuclear EIF5A2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which is an important factor for promoting cancer cell invasion. Nuclear EIF5A2 and a strong MMP-2 expression were directly associated, and their concurrent expression was significantly associated with a poorer overall and disease-specific 5-year survival rate for all and primary melanoma patients. Nuclear and cytoplasmic EIF5A2 expression were also demonstrated to be significantly associated, and simultaneous expression of the two forms of EIF5A2 was significantly associated with poor overall and disease-specific 5-year survival rates for all and primary melanoma patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that nuclear EIF5A2 expression alone and in combination with cytoplasmic EIF5A2 expression was an adverse independent prognostic factor for all and primary melanoma patients. In conclusion, the present study for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, demonstrated that nuclear EIF5A2 expression is an independent prognostic marker in melanoma, and revealed its role in melanoma progression and patient survival. Therefore, nuclear EIF5A2 may have the potential to serve as a therapeutic marker for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Khosravi
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada; Department of Surgery, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Magdalena Martinka
- Department of Pathology, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Youwen Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Christopher J Ong
- Department of Surgery, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada
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26
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von Rohrscheidt J, Petrozziello E, Nedjic J, Federle C, Krzyzak L, Ploegh HL, Ishido S, Steinkasserer A, Klein L. Thymic CD4 T cell selection requires attenuation of March8-mediated MHCII turnover in cortical epithelial cells through CD83. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1685-94. [PMID: 27503071 PMCID: PMC4995086 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of CD83 in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) dramatically impairs thymic CD4 T cell selection. CD83 can exert cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic functions through discrete protein domains, but it remains unclear how CD83's capacity to operate through these alternative functional modules relates to its crucial role in TECs. In this study, using viral reconstitution of gene function in TECs, we found that CD83's transmembrane domain is necessary and sufficient for thymic CD4 T cell selection. Moreover, a ubiquitination-resistant MHCII variant restored CD4 T cell selection in Cd83(-/-) mice. Although during dendritic cell maturation CD83 is known to stabilize MHCII through opposing the ubiquitin ligase March1, regulation of March1 did not account for CD83's TEC-intrinsic role. Instead, we provide evidence that MHCII in cortical TECs (cTECs) is targeted by March8, an E3 ligase of as yet unknown physiological substrate specificity. Ablating March8 in Cd83(-/-) mice restored CD4 T cell development. Our results identify CD83-mediated MHCII stabilization through antagonism of March8 as a novel functional adaptation of cTECs for T cell selection. Furthermore, these findings suggest an intriguing division of labor between March1 and March8 in controlling inducible versus constitutive MHCII expression in hematopoietic antigen-presenting cells versus TECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia von Rohrscheidt
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Petrozziello
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jelena Nedjic
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christine Federle
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lena Krzyzak
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Department of Biology, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Satoshi Ishido
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | | | - Ludger Klein
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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27
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Schröder M, Kolodzik A, Windshügel B, Krepstakies M, Priyadarshini P, Hartjen P, van Lunzen J, Rarey M, Hauber J, Meier C. Linker-Region Modified Derivatives of the Deoxyhypusine Synthase Inhibitor CNI-1493 Suppress HIV-1 Replication. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:91-103. [PMID: 26725082 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of cellular factors that are involved in viral replication may be an important alternative to the commonly used strategy of targeting viral enzymes. The guanylhydrazone CNI-1493, a potent inhibitor of the deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS), prevents the activation of the cellular factor eIF-5A and thereby suppresses HIV replication and a number of other diseases. Here, we report on the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of CNI-1493 analogues. The sebacoyl linker in CNI-1493 was replaced by different alkyl or aryl dicarboxylic acids. Most of the tested derivatives suppress HIV-1 replication efficiently in a dose-dependent manner without showing toxic side effects. The unexpected antiviral activity of the rigid derivatives point to a second binding mode as previously assumed for CNI-1493. Moreover, the chemical stability of CNI-1493 was analysed, showing a successive hydrolysis of the imino bonds. By molecular dynamics simulations, the behaviour of the parent CNI-1493 in solution and its interactions with DHS were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Kolodzik
- ZBH Center for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Windshügel
- ZBH Center for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Krepstakies
- Heinrich Pette Institute - Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Poornima Priyadarshini
- Heinrich Pette Institute - Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip Hartjen
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan van Lunzen
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rarey
- ZBH Center for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Hauber
- Heinrich Pette Institute - Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Oreshkova N, Wichgers Schreur PJ, Spel L, Vloet RPM, Moormann RJM, Boes M, Kortekaas J. Nonspreading Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection of Human Dendritic Cells Results in Downregulation of CD83 and Full Maturation of Bystander Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142670. [PMID: 26575844 PMCID: PMC4648518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines based on nonspreading Rift Valley fever virus (NSR) induce strong humoral and robust cellular immune responses with pronounced Th1 polarisation. The present work was aimed to gain insight into the molecular basis of NSR-mediated immunity. Recent studies have demonstrated that wild-type Rift Valley fever virus efficiently targets and replicates in dendritic cells (DCs). We found that NSR infection of cultured human DCs results in maturation of DCs, characterized by surface upregulation of CD40, CD80, CD86, MHC-I and MHC-II and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-β, IL-6 and TNF. Interestingly, expression of the most prominent marker of DC maturation, CD83, was consistently downregulated at 24 hours post infection. Remarkably, NSR infection also completely abrogated CD83 upregulation by LPS. Downregulation of CD83 was not associated with reduced mRNA levels or impaired CD83 mRNA transport from the nucleus and could not be prevented by inhibition of the proteasome or endocytic degradation pathways, suggesting that suppression occurs at the translational level. In contrast to infected cells, bystander DCs displayed full maturation as evidenced by upregulation of CD83. Our results indicate that bystander DCs play an important role in NSR-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Oreshkova
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute, part of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Wichgers Schreur
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute, part of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Spel
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianka P. M. Vloet
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute, part of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J. M. Moormann
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute, part of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kortekaas
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute, part of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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29
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Stein MF, Blume K, Heilingloh CS, Kummer M, Biesinger B, Sticht H, Steinkasserer A. CD83 and GRASP55 interact in human dendritic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:42-8. [PMID: 25701785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CD83 is one of the best known surface markers for mature human dendritic cells (DCs). The full-length 45 kDa type-I membrane-bound form (mbCD83) is strongly glycosylated upon DCs maturation. As co-stimulatory properties of CD83 are attributed to mbCD83 surface expression is required for efficient T-cell stimulation by mature DCs. By yeast two-hybrid screening, we were able to identify GRASP55 as interaction partner of CD83. DCs maturation induces endogenous CD83 protein expression with simultaneous regulation of CD83 glycosylation, interaction and co-localization with GRASP55 and CD83 surface exposure. GRASP55 is especially known for its role in maintaining Golgi architecture, but also plays a role in Golgi transport of specific cargo proteins bearing a C-terminal valine residue. Here we additionally demonstrate that binding of CD83 and GRASP55 rely on the C-terminal TELV-motif of CD83. Mutation of this TELV-motif not only disrupted binding to GRASP55, but also altered the glycosylation pattern of CD83 and reduced its membrane expression. Here we show for the first time that GRASP55 interacts with CD83 shortly after induction of DC maturation and that this interaction plays a role in CD83 glycosylation as well as in surface expression of CD83 on DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello F Stein
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katja Blume
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Mirko Kummer
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Heinrich Sticht
- Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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30
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Shey MS, Garrett NJ, McKinnon LR, Passmore JAS. The role of dendritic cells in driving genital tract inflammation and HIV transmission risk: are there opportunities to intervene? Innate Immun 2015; 21:99-112. [PMID: 24282122 PMCID: PMC4033703 DOI: 10.1177/1753425913513815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective prevention of new HIV infections will require an understanding of the mechanisms involved in HIV acquisition. HIV transmission across the female genital tract is the major mode of new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa and involves complex processes, including cell activation, inflammation and recruitment of HIV target cells. Activated CD4(+) T-cells, dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages have been described as targets for HIV at the genital mucosa. Activation of these cells may occur in the presence of sexually-transmitted infections, disturbances of commensal flora and other inflammatory processes. In this review, we discuss causes and consequences of inflammation in the female genital tract, with a focus on DC. We describe the central role these cells may play in facilitating or preventing HIV transmission across the genital mucosa, and in the initial recognition of HIV and other pathogens, allowing activation of an adaptive immune response to infection. We discuss studies that investigate interventions to limit DC activation, inflammation and HIV transmission. This knowledge is essential in the development of novel strategies for effective HIV control, including microbicides and pre-exposure prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jo-Ann S Passmore
- CAPRISA, Durban, South Africa Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
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31
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Sievert H, Pällmann N, Miller KK, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Venz S, Sendoel A, Preukschas M, Schweizer M, Boettcher S, Janiesch PC, Streichert T, Walther R, Hengartner MO, Manz MG, Brümmendorf TH, Bokemeyer C, Braig M, Hauber J, Duncan KE, Balabanov S. A novel mouse model for inhibition of DOHH-mediated hypusine modification reveals a crucial function in embryonic development, proliferation and oncogenic transformation. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:963-76. [PMID: 24832488 PMCID: PMC4107325 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.014449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The central importance of translational control by post-translational modification has spurred major interest in regulatory pathways that control translation. One such pathway uniquely adds hypusine to eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), and thereby affects protein synthesis and, subsequently, cellular proliferation through an unknown mechanism. Using a novel conditional knockout mouse model and a Caenorhabditis elegans knockout model, we found an evolutionarily conserved role for the DOHH-mediated second step of hypusine synthesis in early embryonic development. At the cellular level, we observed reduced proliferation and induction of senescence in 3T3 Dohh-/- cells as well as reduced capability for malignant transformation. Furthermore, mass spectrometry showed that deletion of DOHH results in an unexpected complete loss of hypusine modification. Our results provide new biological insight into the physiological roles of the second step of the hypusination of eIF5A. Moreover, the conditional mouse model presented here provides a powerful tool for manipulating hypusine modification in a temporal and spatial manner, to analyse both how this unique modification normally functions in vivo as well as how it contributes to different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Sievert
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumor Zentrum, University Hospital Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nora Pällmann
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumor Zentrum, University Hospital Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharine K Miller
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Venz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ataman Sendoel
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Preukschas
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumor Zentrum, University Hospital Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Boettcher
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Christoph Janiesch
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Walther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael O Hengartner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumor Zentrum, University Hospital Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Braig
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumor Zentrum, University Hospital Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Hauber
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kent E Duncan
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Balabanov
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumor Zentrum, University Hospital Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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32
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Pinho MP, Migliori IK, Flatow EA, Barbuto JAM. Dendritic cell membrane CD83 enhances immune responses by boosting intracellular calcium release in T lymphocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 95:755-762. [PMID: 24436459 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0413239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD83 is a marker of mDCs directly related to their lymphostimulatory ability. Some data suggest that it has a central role in the immune system regulation, but how this function is performed remains to be determined. This work aimed to analyze the influence of CD83, present in mDCs, in the modulation of calcium signaling in T lymphocytes. Mo were differentiated into iDCs and activated with TNF-α. iDCs were treated, 4 h before activation, with siRNACD83, to reduce CD83 expression. Purified allogeneic T lymphocytes were labeled with the calcium indicator Fluo-4-AM, and calcium mobilization in the presence of mDCs was analyzed. CD83 knockdown mDCs induced lower calcium signal amplitude in T lymphocytes (29.0±10.0) compared with siRNAscr-treated mDCs (45.5±5.3). In another set of experiments, surface mDC CD83 was blocked with a specific mAb, and again, decreased calcium signaling in T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry and microscopy (fluorescence and confocal). In the presence of antibody, the percentage of responding T cells was reduced from 58.14% to 34.29%. As expected, anti-CD83 antibodies also reduced the proliferation of T lymphocytes (as assessed by CFSE dilution). Finally, in the absence of extracellular calcium, CD83 antibodies abrogated T cell signaling induced by allogeneic mDCs, suggesting that the presence of CD83 in mDC membranes enhances T lymphocyte proliferation by boosting calcium release from intracellular stores in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pereira Pinho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Katz Migliori
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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33
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Tersey SA, Colvin SC, Maier B, Mirmira RG. Protective effects of polyamine depletion in mouse models of type 1 diabetes: implications for therapy. Amino Acids 2014; 46:633-42. [PMID: 23846959 PMCID: PMC3888834 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The underlying pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes involves autoimmune-mediated islet inflammation, leading to dysfunction and death of insulin-secreting islet β cells. Recent studies have shown that polyamines, which are essential for mRNA translation, cellular replication, and the formation of the hypusine modification of eIF5A may play an important role in the progression of cellular inflammation. To test a role for polyamines in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis, we administered the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor difluoromethylornithine to two mouse models--the low-dose streptozotocin model and the NOD model--to deplete intracellular polyamines, and administered streptozotocin to a third model, which was haploinsufficient for the gene encoding the hypusination enzyme deoxyhypusine synthase. Subsequent development of diabetes and/or glucose intolerance was monitored. In the low-dose streptozotocin mouse model, continuous difluoromethylornithine administration dose-dependently reduced the incidence of hyperglycemia and led to the preservation of β cell area, whereas in the NOD mouse model of autoimmune diabetes difluoromethylornithine reduced diabetes incidence by 50%, preserved β cell area and insulin secretion, led to reductions in both islet inflammation and potentially diabetogenic Th17 cells in pancreatic lymph nodes. Difluoromethylornithine treatment reduced hypusinated eIF5A levels in both immune cells and islets. Animals haploinsufficient for the gene encoding deoxyhypusine synthase were partially protected from hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin. Collectively, these studies suggest that interventions that interfere with polyamine biosynthesis and/or eIF5A hypusination may represent viable approaches in the treatment of diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Eflornithine/administration & dosage
- Female
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors/deficiency
- Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors/metabolism
- Peptide Initiation Factors/metabolism
- Polyamines/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Streptozocin/administration & dosage
- Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5A
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Colvin
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bernhard Maier
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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34
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Colvin SC, Maier B, Morris DL, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Deoxyhypusine synthase promotes differentiation and proliferation of T helper type 1 (Th1) cells in autoimmune diabetes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36226-35. [PMID: 24196968 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.473942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, cytokines arising from immune cells cause islet β cell dysfunction even before overt hyperglycemia. Deoxyhypusine synthase catalyzes the crucial hypusine modification of the factor eIF5A, which promotes the translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cytokine responses. Here, we tested the hypothesis that deoxyhypusine synthase and, secondarily, hypusinated eIF5A contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes using the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Pre-diabetic NOD mice that received injections of the deoxyhypusine inhibitor N1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane (GC7) demonstrated significantly improved glucose tolerance, more robust insulin secretion, and reduced insulitis compared with control animals. Analysis of tissues from treated mice revealed selective reductions in diabetogenic T helper type 1 (Th1) cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes, a primary site of antigen presentation. Isolated mouse CD90.2(+) splenocytes stimulated in vitro with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 and IL-2 to mimic autoimmune T cell activation exhibited proliferation and differentiation of CD4(+) T cell subsets (Th1, Th17, and Treg), but those treated with the deoxyhypusine synthase inhibitor GC7 showed a dose-dependent block in T cell proliferation with selective reduction in Th1 cells, similar to that observed in NOD mice. Inhibition of deoxyhypusine synthase blocked post-transcriptional expression of CD25, the high affinity IL-2 receptor α chain. Our results suggest a previously unrecognized role for deoxyhypusine synthase in promoting T cell proliferation and differentiation via regulation of CD25. Inhibition of deoxyhypusine synthase may provide a strategy for reducing diabetogenic Th1 cells and preserving β cell function in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Colvin
- From the Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and
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35
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Yuan Y, Wan L, Chen Y, Shi M, Wang C, Zhao J, Lu X, Wang H, Lu Y, Cheng J. Production and characterization of human soluble CD83 fused with the fragment crystallizable region of human IgG1 in Pichia pastoris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:9409-17. [PMID: 23392767 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The cell surface protein CD83 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is highly expressed on mature dendritic cells. The soluble form of CD83, sCD83, is a potential immune suppressor. In a previous study, recombinant soluble CD83 was expressed in Escherichia coli, resulting in a lack of functional glycosylation. Although eukaryotic cell systems for producing sCD83 offer the advantages of protein processing, folding, and posttranslational modification, these systems are complicated, expensive, and produce low levels of protein. To obtain more efficient expression of sCD83, we expressed human sCD83 fused with fragment crystallizable region of human IgG1 (hIgG1 Fc) in Pichia pastoris. Under the optimal conditions (time of induction, 48 h; inoculum density (OD600), 80; concentration of methanol, 3.0 %; pH 7.0-8.0; concentration of casamino acid, 5.0 %), the purified human sCD83-hIgG1 Fc (hsCD83-Ig) fusion protein existed as dimers at 25-30 mg/L culture. Treatment with PNGase F showed that purified hsCD83-Ig was modified by N-linked glycosylation. Moreover, the hsCD83-Ig expressed in the P. pastoris system could suppress lymphocyte proliferation in ConA-stimulated and one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction systems. Thus, hsCD83-Ig expressed in P. pastoris is functional and may be used in experimental therapies for graft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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36
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Rethwilm A. Specific RNA-protein interactions in the replication of foamy viruses (FVs). Curr Opin Virol 2013; 3:676-83. [PMID: 24119459 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The FV pathway of replication is fundamentally different from what we know about the strategy employed by all known other retroviruses. This unique pathway involves some distinctive RNA-protein interactions, which range from nuclear RNA export to activation of reverse transcription late in the viral replication cycle. Some peculiarities of this replication strategy will be summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Rethwilm
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, Versbacher Str. 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
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37
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Nishiki Y, Farb TB, Friedrich J, Bokvist K, Mirmira RG, Maier B. Characterization of a novel polyclonal anti-hypusine antibody. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:421. [PMID: 24024105 PMCID: PMC3765601 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The translation factor eIF5A is the only protein known to contain the amino acid hypusine, which is formed posttranslationally. Hypusinated eIF5A is necessary for cellular proliferation and responses to extracellular stressors, and has been proposed as a target for pharmacologic therapy. Here, we provide the first comprehensive characterization of a novel polyclonal antibody (IU-88) that specifically recognizes the hypusinated eIF5A. IU-88 will be useful for the investigation of eIF5A biology and for the development of assays recognizing hypusinated eIF5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Nishiki
- Departments of Medicine, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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38
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Moyo NA, Marchi E, Steinbach F. Differentiation and activation of equine monocyte-derived dendritic cells are not correlated with CD206 or CD83 expression. Immunology 2013; 139:472-83. [PMID: 23461413 PMCID: PMC3719064 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are the main immune mediators inducing primary immune responses. DC generated from monocytes (MoDC) are a model system to study the biology of DC in vitro, as they represent inflammatory DC in vivo. Previous studies on the generation of MoDC in horses indicated that there was no distinct difference between immature and mature DC and that the expression profile was distinctly different from humans, where CD206 is expressed on immature MoDC whereas CD83 is expressed on mature MoDC. Here we describe the kinetics of equine MoDC differentiation and activation, analysing both phenotypic and functional characteristics. Blood monocytes were first differentiated with equine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4 generating immature DC (iMoDC). These cells were further activated with a cocktail of cytokines including interferon-γ) but not CD40 ligand to obtain mature DC (mMoDC). To determine the expression of a broad range of markers for which no monoclonal antibodies were available to analyse the protein expression, microarray and quantitative PCR analysis were performed to carry out gene expression analysis. This study demonstrates that equine iMoDC and mMoDC can be distinguished both phenotypically and functionally but the expression pattern of some markers including CD206 and CD83 is dissimilar to the human system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathifa A Moyo
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories AgencyNew Haw, Addlestone, UK
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Microbial and Cellular SciencesGuildford, UK
| | | | - Falko Steinbach
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories AgencyNew Haw, Addlestone, UK
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39
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Shahbazi M, Kwang TWX, Purwanti YI, Fan W, Wang S. Inhibitory effects of neural stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells on differentiation and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Neurol Sci 2013; 330:85-93. [PMID: 23664653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) possess immunosuppressive characteristics, but effects of NSCs on human dendritic cells (DCs), the most important antigen presenting cells, are less well studied. We used an in vitro approach to evaluate the effects of human NSCs on differentiation of human blood CD14(+) monocytes into DCs. NSCs derived from H1 human embryonic stem cells (hESC-NSCs) and human ReNcell NSC line, as well as human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), were tested. We observed that in response to treatment with interleukin-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor CD14(+) monocytes co-cultured with NSCs were able to down-regulate CD14 and up-regulate the differentiation marker CD1a, whereas MSC co-culture strongly inhibited CD1a expression and supported prolonged expression of CD14. A similar difference between NSCs and MSCs was noted when lipopolysaccharides were included to induce maturation of monocyte-derived DCs. However, when effects on the function of derived DCs were investigated, NSCs suppressed the elevation of the DC maturation marker CD83, although not the up-regulation of costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86 and CD40, and impaired the functional capacity of the derived DCs to stimulate alloreactive T cells. We did not observe any obvious difference between hESC-NSCs and ReNcell NSCs in inhibiting DC maturation and function. Our data suggest that although human NSCs are less effective than human MSCs in suppressing monocyte differentiation into DCs, these stem cells can still affect the function of DCs, ultimately regulating specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahbazi
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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40
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Wang X, Wei MQ, Liu X. Targeting CD83 for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:1545-1550. [PMID: 23837028 PMCID: PMC3702702 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common and often fatal complication of bone marrow transplantation. Antigen-presenting cells from donor and recipient play a critical role in the initiation and maintenance of GVHD. CD83, which is expressed in activated lymphocytes and dendritic cells, is regarded as a marker of mature dendritic cells. Targeting CD83 using soluble CD83 molecules or antibodies has been demonstrated to have therapeutic effects against GVHD in preclinical models. Understanding the biological function of CD83 and the underlying mechanisms through which targeting CD83 attenuates GVHD is likely to greatly improve current treatments and provide new methods for the treatment of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Wang
- Division of Molecular and Gene Therapies, Griffith Health Institute and School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
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41
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Stein MF, Lang S, Winkler TH, Deinzer A, Erber S, Nettelbeck DM, Naschberger E, Jochmann R, Stürzl M, Slany RK, Werner T, Steinkasserer A, Knippertz I. Multiple interferon regulatory factor and NF-κB sites cooperate in mediating cell-type- and maturation-specific activation of the human CD83 promoter in dendritic cells. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:1331-44. [PMID: 23339870 PMCID: PMC3624272 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01051-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD83 is one of the best-known surface markers for fully mature dendritic cells (mature DCs), and its cell-type- and maturation-specific regulation makes the CD83 promoter an interesting tool for the genetic modulation of DCs. To determine the mechanisms regulating this DC- and maturation-specific CD83 expression, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-on-chip microarray, biocomputational, reporter, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and ChIP analyses were performed. These studies led to the identification of a ternary transcriptional activation complex composed of an upstream regulatory element, a minimal promoter, and an enhancer, which have not been reported in this arrangement for any other gene so far. Notably, these DNA regions contain a complex framework of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)- and NF-κB transcription factor-binding sites mediating their arrangement. Mutation of any of the IRF-binding sites resulted in a significant loss of promoter activity, whereas overexpression of NF-κB transcription factors clearly enhanced transcription. We identified IRF-1, IRF-2, IRF-5, p50, p65, and cRel to be involved in regulating maturation-specific CD83 expression in DCs. Therefore, the characterization of this promoter complex not only contributes to the knowledge of DC-specific gene regulation but also suggests the involvement of a transcriptional module with binding sites separated into distinct regions in transcriptional activation as well as cell-type- and maturation-specific transcriptional targeting of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello F. Stein
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lang
- Department of Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas H. Winkler
- Department of Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Deinzer
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Erber
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Nettelbeck
- Helmholtz University Group Oncolytic Adenoviruses at the DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) and Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramona Jochmann
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert K. Slany
- Department of Genetics, University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Werner
- Genomatix Software GmbH, Munich, Germany
- Internal Medicine, Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilka Knippertz
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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42
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Nishiki Y, Adewola A, Hatanaka M, Templin AT, Maier B, Mirmira RG. Translational control of inducible nitric oxide synthase by p38 MAPK in islet β-cells. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:336-49. [PMID: 23250488 PMCID: PMC3683810 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The MAPKs are transducers of extracellular signals such as proinflammatory cytokines. In islet β-cells, cytokines acutely activate expression of the Nos2 gene encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which ultimately impairs insulin release. Because iNOS production can also be regulated posttranscriptionally, we asked whether MAPKs participate in posttranscriptional regulatory events in β-cells and primary islets in response to cytokine signaling. We show that cytokines acutely reduce cellular oxygen consumption rate and impair aconitase activity. Inhibition of iNOS with l-NMMA or inhibition of Nos2 mRNA translation with GC7 [an inhibitor of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) activity] reversed these defects, as did inhibition of p38 MAPK by PD169316. Although inhibition of p38 had no effect on the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB or the abundance of Nos2 transcripts during the immediate period after cytokine exposure, its inhibition or knockdown resulted in significant reduction in iNOS protein, a finding suggestive of a permissive role for p38 in Nos2 translation. Polyribosomal profiling experiments using INS-1 β-cells revealed that Nos2 mRNA remained associated with polyribosomes in the setting of p38 inhibition, in a manner similar to that seen with blockade of translational elongation by cycloheximide. Consistent with a role in translational elongation, p38 activity is required in part for the activation of the translational factor eIF5A by promoting its hypusination. Our results suggest a novel signaling pathway in β-cells in which p38 MAPK promotes translation elongation of Nos2 mRNA via regulation of eIF5A hypusination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Nishiki
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Fernández Vallone VB, Romaniuk MA, Choi H, Labovsky V, Otaegui J, Chasseing NA. Mesenchymal stem cells and their use in therapy: what has been achieved? Differentiation 2013; 85:1-10. [PMID: 23314286 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The considerable therapeutic potential of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has generated increasing interest in a wide variety of biomedical disciplines. Nevertheless, researchers report studies on MSCs using different methods of isolation and expansion, as well as different approaches to characterize them; therefore, it is increasingly difficult to compare and contrast study outcomes. To begin to address this issue, the Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy proposed minimal criteria to define human MSCs. First, MSCs must be plastic-adherent when maintained in standard culture conditions (α minimal essential medium plus 20% fetal bovine serum). Second, MSCs must express CD105, CD73 and CD90, and MSCs must lack expression of CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79α or CD19 and HLA-DR surface molecules. Third, MSCs must differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondroblasts in vitro. MSCs are isolated from many adult tissues, in particular from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Along with their capacity to differentiate and transdifferentiate into cells of different lineages, these cells have also generated great interest for their ability to display immunomodulatory capacities. Indeed, a major breakthrough was the finding that MSCs are able to induce peripheral tolerance, suggesting that they may be used as therapeutic tools in immune-mediated disorders. Although no significant adverse events have been reported in clinical trials to date, all interventional therapies have some inherent risks. Potential risks for undesirable events, such as tumor development, that might occur while using these stem cells for therapy must be taken into account and contrasted against the potential benefits to patients.
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Ehlers C, Schirmer S, Kehlenbach RH, Hauber J, Chemnitz J. Post-transcriptional regulation of CD83 expression by AUF1 proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:206-19. [PMID: 23161671 PMCID: PMC3592417 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature dendritic cells (DC), activated lymphocytes, mononuclear cells and neutrophils express CD83, a surface protein apparently necessary for effective DC-mediated activation of naïve T-cells and T-helper cells, thymic T-cell maturation and the regulation of B-cell activation and homeostasis. Although a defined ligand of CD83 remains elusive, the multiple cellular subsets expressing CD83, as well as its numerous potential implications in immunological processes suggest that CD83 plays an important regulatory role in the mammalian immune system. Lately, nucleocytoplasmic translocation of CD83 mRNA was shown to be mediated by direct interaction between the shuttle protein HuR and a novel post-transcriptional regulatory element (PRE) located in the CD83 transcript's coding region. Interestingly, this interaction commits the CD83 mRNA to efficient nuclear export through the CRM1 protein translocation pathway. More recently, the cellular phosphoprotein and HuR ligand ANP32B (APRIL) was demonstrated to be directly involved in this intracellular transport process by linking the CD83 mRNA:HuR ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex with the CRM1 export receptor. Casein kinase II regulates this process by phosphorylating ANP32B. Here, we identify another RNA binding protein, AUF1 (hnRNP D) that directly interacts with CD83 PRE. Unlike HuR:PRE binding, this interaction has no impact on intracellular trafficking of CD83 mRNA-containing complexes; but it does regulate translation of CD83 mRNA. Thus, our data shed more light on the complex process of post-transcriptional regulation of CD83 expression. Interfering with this process may provide a novel strategy for inhibiting CD83, and thereby cellular immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ehlers
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, D-20251 Hamburg and Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susann Schirmer
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, D-20251 Hamburg and Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralph H. Kehlenbach
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, D-20251 Hamburg and Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Hauber
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, D-20251 Hamburg and Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Chemnitz
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, D-20251 Hamburg and Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Wei DF, Wei YX, Cheng WD, Yan MF, Su G, Hu Y, Ma YQ, Han C, Lu Y, Hui-Ming C, Bao YC. Proteomic analysis of the effect of triterpenes from Patrinia heterophylla on leukemia K562 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:576-83. [PMID: 23064283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, Patrinia heterophylla had been used in China to treat many diseases including tumor. Triterpenes has been identified as the major active constituents in Patrinia heterophylla. To elucidate the antitumor mechanism of triterpenes from Patrinia heterophylla1 (TPH), a proteomic analysis is carried out with TPH treatment in K562 cells. The total proteins extracted from TPH treated K562 cells are analyzed by two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and compared with those untreated K562 cells. Mass spectrometry is applied to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Twenty-three differentially expressed significant proteins are discovered. Eight proteins are later identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and Mascot software. Among them, four proteins are up-regulated (Aldolase A, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Flavin reductase and Hemoglobin subunit) and four proteins were down-regulated (Heat-shock protein 90 〈Alpha〉 (HSP90-〈Alpha〉), Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A, Moesin, tublin) by TPH treatment in K562 cells. The identified proteins are associated with energy metabolism, oxidative stress, apoptosis, signal transduction, differential induction, and protein biosynthesis. These findings might provide valuable insights into the antitumor mechanism of TPH in K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Feng Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Adenosine deaminase enhances the immunogenicity of human dendritic cells from healthy and HIV-infected individuals. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51287. [PMID: 23240012 PMCID: PMC3519778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ADA is an enzyme implicated in purine metabolism, and is critical to ensure normal immune function. Its congenital deficit leads to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). ADA binding to adenosine receptors on dendritic cell surface enables T-cell costimulation through CD26 crosslinking, which enhances T-cell activation and proliferation. Despite a large body of work on the actions of the ecto-enzyme ADA on T-cell activation, questions arise on whether ADA can also modulate dendritic cell maturation. To this end we investigated the effects of ADA on human monocyte derived dendritic cell biology. Our results show that both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities of ADA are implicated in the enhancement of CD80, CD83, CD86, CD40 and CCR7 expression on immature dendritic cells from healthy and HIV-infected individuals. These ADA-mediated increases in CD83 and costimulatory molecule expression is concomitant to an enhanced IL-12, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL8(IL-8), CCL3(MIP1-α), CCL4(MIP-1β) and CCL5(RANTES) cytokine/chemokine secretion both in healthy and HIV-infected individuals and to an altered apoptotic death in cells from HIV-infected individuals. Consistently, ADA-mediated actions on iDCs are able to enhance allogeneic CD4 and CD8-T-cell proliferation, globally yielding increased iDC immunogenicity. Taken together, these findings suggest that ADA would promote enhanced and correctly polarized T-cell responses in strategies targeting asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals.
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Ziegler P, Chahoud T, Wilhelm T, Pällman N, Braig M, Wiehle V, Ziegler S, Schröder M, Meier C, Kolodzik A, Rarey M, Panse J, Hauber J, Balabanov S, Brümmendorf TH. Evaluation of deoxyhypusine synthase inhibitors targeting BCR-ABL positive leukemias. Invest New Drugs 2012; 30:2274-83. [PMID: 22415796 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective inhibition of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activity with Imatinib represents a breakthrough in the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, more than 30 % of patients with CML in chronic phase do not respond adequately to Imatinib and the drug seems not to affect the quiescent pool of BCR-ABL positive leukemic stem and progenitor cells. Therefore, despite encouraging clinical results, Imatinib can still not be considered a curative treatment option in CML. We recently reported downregulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in Imatinib treated K562 cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of eIF5A by siRNA in combination with Imatinib has been shown to exert synergistic cytotoxic effects on BCR-ABL positive cell lines. Based on the structure of known deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) inhibitors such as CNI-1493, a drug design approach was applied to develop potential compounds targeting DHS. Here we report the biological evaluation of selected novel (DHSI-15) as compared to established (CNI-1493, deoxyspergualin) DHS inhibitors. We show that upon the compounds tested, DHSI-15 and deoxyspergualin exert strongest antiproliferative effects on BCR-ABL cells including Imatinib resistant mutants. However, this effect did not seem to be restricted to BCR-ABL positive cell lines or primary cells. Both compounds are able to induce apoptosis/necrosis during long term incubation of BCR-ABL positive BA/F3 derivates. Pharmacological synergism can be observed for deoxyspergualin and Imatinib, but not for DHSI-15 and Imatinib. Finally we show that deoxyspergualin is able to inhibit proliferation of CD34+ progenitor cells from CML patients. We conclude that inhibition of deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) can be supportive for the anti-proliferative treatment of leukemia and merits further investigation including other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ziegler
- Klinik für Onkologie, Hämatologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Functional identification of dendritic cells in the teleost model, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). PLoS One 2012; 7:e33196. [PMID: 22427987 PMCID: PMC3299753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are specialized antigen presenting cells that bridge innate and adaptive immunity in mammals. This link between the ancient innate immune system and the more evolutionarily recent adaptive immune system is of particular interest in fish, the oldest vertebrates to have both innate and adaptive immunity. It is unknown whether dendritic cells co-evolved with the adaptive response, or if the connection between innate and adaptive immunity relied on a fundamentally different cell type early in evolution. We approached this question using the teleost model organism, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), with the aim of identifying dendritic cells based on their ability to stimulate naïve T cells. Adapting mammalian protocols for the generation of dendritic cells, we established a method of culturing highly motile, non-adherent cells from trout hematopoietic tissue that had irregular membrane processes and expressed surface MHCII. When side-by-side mixed leukocyte reactions were performed, these cells stimulated greater proliferation than B cells or macrophages, demonstrating their specialized ability to present antigen and therefore their functional homology to mammalian dendritic cells. Trout dendritic cells were then further analyzed to determine if they exhibited other features of mammalian dendritic cells. Trout dendritic cells were found to have many of the hallmarks of mammalian DCs including tree-like morphology, the expression of dendritic cell markers, the ability to phagocytose small particles, activation by toll-like receptor-ligands, and the ability to migrate in vivo. As in mammals, trout dendritic cells could be isolated directly from the spleen, or larger numbers could be derived from hematopoietic tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.
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Greganova E, Bütikofer P. Ethanolamine phosphoglycerol attachment to eEF1A is not essential for normal growth of Trypanosoma brucei. Sci Rep 2012; 2:254. [PMID: 22355766 PMCID: PMC3275919 DOI: 10.1038/srep00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) is the only protein modified by ethanolamine phosphoglycerol (EPG). In mammals and plants, EPG is attached to conserved glutamate residues located in eEF1A domains II and III, whereas in the unicellular eukaryote, Trypanosoma brucei, a single EPG moiety is attached to domain III. A biosynthetic precursor of EPG and structural requirements for EPG attachment to T. brucei eEF1A have been reported, but the role of this unique protein modification in cellular growth and eEF1A function has remained elusive. Here we report, for the first time in a eukaryotic cell, a model system to study potential roles of EPG. By down-regulation of EF1A expression and subsequent complementation of eEF1A function using conditionally expressed exogenous eEF1A (mutant) proteins, we show that eEF1A lacking EPG complements trypanosomes deficient in endogenous eEF1A, demonstrating that EPG attachment is not essential for normal growth of T. brucei in culture.
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Adenuga D, Woolhiser MR, Gollapudi BB, Boverhof DR. Differential Gene Expression Responses Distinguish Contact and Respiratory Sensitizers and Nonsensitizing Irritants in the Local Lymph Node Assay. Toxicol Sci 2012; 126:413-25. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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