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Cai S, Zhao M, Yang G, Li C, Hu M, Yang L, Xing L, Sun X. Modified spatial architecture of regulatory T cells after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112434. [PMID: 38889507 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
It is crucial to decipher the modulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in tumor microenvironment (TME) induced by chemotherapy, which may contribute to improving the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We retrospectively collected specimens from patients with II-III NSCLC, constituting two cohorts: a neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) cohort (N = 141) with biopsy (N = 58) and postoperative specimens (N = 141), and a surgery-only cohort (N = 122) as the control group. Then, the cell density (Dens), infiltration score (InS), and Treg-cell proximity score (TrPS) were conducted using a panel of multiplex fluorescence staining (Foxp3, CD4, CD8, CK, CD31, ɑSMA). Subsequently, the association of Tregs with cancer microvessels (CMVs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was analyzed. Patients with NAC treatment have a higher density of Tregs in both paired (P < 0.001) and unpaired analysis (P = 0.022). Additionally, patients with NAC treatment showed higher infiltration score (paired, P < 0.001; unpaired, P = 0.014) and more CD8+T cells around Tregs (paired/unpaired, both P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that tumors with a diameter of ≤ 5 cm exhibited increase in both Dens(Treg) and InS(Treg), and gemcitabine, pemetrexed and taxel enhanced Dens(Treg) and TrPS(CD8) following NAC. Multivariate analysis identified that the Dens(Tregs), InS(Tregs) and TrPS(CD8) were significantly associated with better chemotherapy response [OR = 8.54, 95%CI (1.69, 43.14), P = 0.009; OR = 7.14, 95%CI (1.70, 30.08), P = 0.024; OR = 5.50, 95%CI (1.09, 27.75), P = 0.039, respectively] and positive recurrence-free survival [HR = 3.23, 95%CI (1.47, 7.10), P = 0.004; HR = 2.70; 95%CI (1.27, 5.72); P = 0.010; HR = 2.55, 95%CI (1.21, 5.39), P = 0.014, respectively]. Moreover, TrPS(CD8) and TrPS(CD4) were negatively correlated with the CMVs and CAFs. These discoveries have deepened our comprehension of the immune-modulating impact of chemotherapy and underscored that the modified spatial landscape of Tregs after chemotherapy should be taken into account for personalized immunotherapy, aiming to ultimately improve clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Cai
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Miaoqing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guanqun Yang
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chaozhuo Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyu Hu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liying Yang
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaorong Sun
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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2
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Ye D, Liu Q, Zhang C, Dai E, Fan J, Wu L. Relationship between immune cells and the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112381. [PMID: 38865754 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A major cause of death for lung transplant recipients (LTRs) is the advent of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), which has long plagued the long-term post-transplant prognosis and quality of survival of transplant patients. The intricacy of its pathophysiology and the irreversibility of its illness process present major obstacles to the clinical availability of medications. Immunotherapeutic medications are available, but they only aim to slow down the course of CLAD rather than having any therapeutic impact on the disease's development. For this reason, understanding the pathophysiology of CLAD is essential for both disease prevention and proven treatment. The immunological response in particular, in relation to chronic lung allograft dysfunction, has received a great deal of interest recently. Innate immune cells like natural killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and mononuclear macrophages, as well as adaptive immunity cells like T and B cells, play crucial roles in this process through the release of chemokines and cytokines. The present review delves into changes and processes within the immune microenvironment, with a particular focus on the quantity, subtype, and characteristics of effector immune cells in the peripheral and transplanted lungs after lung transplantation. We incorporate and solidify the documented role of immune cells in the occurrence and development of CLAD with the advancements in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongliang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enci Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Pinho ACO, Barbosa P, Lazaro A, Tralhão JG, Pereira MJ, Paiva A, Laranjeira P, Carvalho E. Identification and characterization of circulating and adipose tissue infiltrated CD20 +T cells from subjects with obesity that undergo bariatric surgery. Immunol Lett 2024; 269:106911. [PMID: 39147242 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
T cells play critical roles in adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. The role of CD20+T cell in AT dysfunction and their contributing to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes progression, is not known. The aim was to characterize CD20+T cells in omental (OAT), subcutaneous (SAT) and peripheral blood (PB) from subjects with obesity (OB, n = 42), by flow cytometry. Eight subjects were evaluated before (T1) and 12 months post (T2) bariatric/metabolic surgery (BMS). PB from subjects without obesity (nOB, n = 12) was also collected. Higher percentage of CD20+T cells was observed in OAT, compared to PB or SAT, in OB-T1. CD20 expression by PB CD4+T cells was inversely correlated with adiposity markers, while follicular-like CD20+T cells were positively correlated with impaired glucose tolerance (increased HbA1c). Notably, among OB-T1, IR establishment was marked by a lower percentage and absolute number of PB CD20+T cells, compared nOB. Obesity was associated with higher percentage of activated CD20+T cells; however, OAT-infiltrated CD20+T cells from OB-T1 with diabetes displayed the lowest activation. CD20+T cells infiltrating OAT from OB-T1 displayed a phenotype towards IFN-γ-producing Th1 and Tc1 cells. After BMS, the percentage of PB CD4+CD20+T cells increased, with reduced Th1 and increased Th17 phenotype. Whereas in OAT the percentage of CD20+T cells with Th1/17 and Tc1/17 phenotypes increased. Interestingly, OAT from OB pre/post BMS maintained higher frequency of effector memory CD20+T cells. In conclusion, CD20+T cells may play a prominent role in obesity-related AT inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryane Cruz Oliveira Pinho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barbosa
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Lazaro
- General Surgery Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra University of Coimbra, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José G Tralhão
- General Surgery Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra University of Coimbra, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Artur Paiva
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Flow Cytometry Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, 3000-076, Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, 3046-854, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Laranjeira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Flow Cytometry Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, 3000-076, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal; APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal.
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4
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Huang Q, Zhu J. Regulatory T cell-based therapy in type 1 diabetes: Latest breakthroughs and evidence. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112724. [PMID: 39098233 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are among the most significant health complications, with their incidence rising in recent years. Type 1 diabetes (T1D), an AD, targets the insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas, leading to chronic insulin deficiency in genetically susceptible individuals. Regulatory immune cells, particularly T-cells (Tregs), have been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetes by modulating immune responses. In diabetic patients, Tregs often exhibit diminished effectiveness due to various factors, such as instability in forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression or abnormal production of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by autoreactive T-cells. Consequently, Tregs represent a potential therapeutic target for diabetes treatment. Building on the successful clinical outcomes of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in cancer treatment, particularly in leukemias, the concept of designing and utilizing CAR Tregs for ADs has emerged. This review summarizes the findings on Treg targeting in T1D and discusses the benefits and limitations of this treatment approach for patients suffering from T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongxiao Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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Yau C, Danska JS. Cracking the type 1 diabetes code: Genes, microbes, immunity, and the early life environment. Immunol Rev 2024; 325:23-45. [PMID: 39166298 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immunological dysregulation, and environmental triggers, that culminate in the destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the multiple factors underpinning T1D pathogenesis, to elucidate key mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Beginning with an exploration of genetic risk factors, we dissect the roles of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes and non-HLA gene variants associated with T1D susceptibility. Mechanistic insights gleaned from the NOD mouse model provide valuable parallels to the human disease, particularly immunological intricacies underlying β cell-directed autoimmunity. Immunological drivers of T1D pathogenesis are examined, highlighting the pivotal contributions of both effector and regulatory T cells and the multiple functions of B cells and autoantibodies in β-cell destruction. Furthermore, the impact of environmental risk factors, notably modulation of host immune development by the intestinal microbiome, is examined. Lastly, the review probes human longitudinal studies, unveiling the dynamic interplay between mucosal immunity, systemic antimicrobial antibody responses, and the trajectories of T1D development. Insights garnered from these interconnected factors pave the way for targeted interventions and the identification of biomarkers to enhance T1D management and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Yau
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jayne S Danska
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Chasov V, Ganeeva I, Zmievskaya E, Davletshin D, Gilyazova E, Valiullina A, Bulatov E. Cell-Based Therapy and Genome Editing as Emerging Therapeutic Approaches to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2024; 13:1282. [PMID: 39120313 PMCID: PMC11312096 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints. Although much remains unknown about the pathogenesis of RA, there is evidence that impaired immune tolerance and the development of RA are related. And it is precisely the restoration of immune tolerance at the site of the inflammation that is the ultimate goal of the treatment of RA. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the treatment of RA, with higher rates of disease remission and improved long-term outcomes. Unfortunately, despite these successes, the proportion of patients with persistent, difficult-to-treat disease remains high, and the task of improving our understanding of the basic mechanisms of disease development and developing new ways to treat RA remains relevant. This review focuses on describing new treatments for RA, including cell therapies and gene editing technologies that have shown potential in preclinical and early clinical trials. In addition, we discuss the opportunities and limitations associated with the use of these new approaches in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Chasov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Irina Ganeeva
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Zmievskaya
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Damir Davletshin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Elvina Gilyazova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Aygul Valiullina
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Emil Bulatov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia
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7
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Costa JP, de Carvalho A, Paiva A, Borges O. Insights into Immune Exhaustion in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Review of Checkpoint Receptor Expression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:964. [PMID: 39065812 PMCID: PMC11279883 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B, caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), often progresses to chronic infection, leading to severe complications, such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic HBV infection is characterized by a complex interplay between the virus and the host immune system, resulting in immune cell exhaustion, a phenomenon commonly observed in chronic viral infections and cancer. This state of exhaustion involves elevated levels of inhibitory molecules, cells, and cell surface receptors, as opposed to stimulatory counterparts. This review aims to elucidate the expression patterns of various co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory receptors on immune cells isolated from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. By analyzing existing data, the review conducts comparisons between CHB patients and healthy adults, explores the differences between HBV-specific and total T cells in CHB patients, and examines variations between intrahepatic and peripheral immune cells in CHB patients. Understanding the mechanisms underlying immune exhaustion in CHB is crucial for developing novel immunotherapeutic approaches. This detailed analysis sheds light on the immune exhaustion observed in CHB and lays the groundwork for future combined immunotherapy strategies aimed at leveraging checkpoint receptors to restore immune function and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Panão Costa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armando de Carvalho
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.d.C.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.d.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Olga Borges
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Mashayekhi K, Khazaie K, Faubion WA, Kim GB. Biomaterial-enhanced treg cell immunotherapy: A promising approach for transplant medicine and autoimmune disease treatment. Bioact Mater 2024; 37:269-298. [PMID: 38694761 PMCID: PMC11061617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for preserving tolerance in the body, rendering Treg immunotherapy a promising treatment option for both organ transplants and autoimmune diseases. Presently, organ transplant recipients must undergo lifelong immunosuppression to prevent allograft rejection, while autoimmune disorders lack definitive cures. In the last years, there has been notable advancement in comprehending the biology of both antigen-specific and polyclonal Tregs. Clinical trials involving Tregs have demonstrated their safety and effectiveness. To maximize the efficacy of Treg immunotherapy, it is essential for these cells to migrate to specific target tissues, maintain stability within local organs, bolster their suppressive capabilities, and ensure their intended function's longevity. In pursuit of these goals, the utilization of biomaterials emerges as an attractive supportive strategy for Treg immunotherapy in addressing these challenges. As a result, the prospect of employing biomaterial-enhanced Treg immunotherapy holds tremendous promise as a treatment option for organ transplant recipients and individuals grappling with autoimmune diseases in the near future. This paper introduces strategies based on biomaterial-assisted Treg immunotherapy to enhance transplant medicine and autoimmune treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Mashayekhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - William A. Faubion
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gloria B. Kim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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Ekwe AP, Au R, Zhang P, McEnroe BA, Tan ML, Saldan A, Henden AS, Hutchins CJ, Henderson A, Mudie K, Kerr K, Fuery M, Kennedy GA, Hill GR, Tey SK. Clinical grade multiparametric cell sorting and gene-marking of regulatory T cells. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:719-728. [PMID: 38530690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main mediators of peripheral tolerance. Treg-directed therapy has shown promising results in preclinical studies of diverse immunopathologies. At present, the clinical applicability of adoptive Treg transfer is limited by difficulties in generating Tregs at sufficient cell dose and purity. METHODS We developed a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliant method based on closed-system multiparametric Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) to purify Tregs, which are then expanded in vitro and gene-marked with a clinical grade retroviral vector to enable in vivo fate tracking. Following small-scale optimization, we conducted four clinical-scale processing runs. RESULTS We showed that Tregs could be enriched to 87- 92% purity following FACS-sorting, and expanded and transduced to yield clinically relevant cell dose of 136-732×106 gene-marked cells, sufficient for a cell dose of at least 2 × 106 cells/kg. The expanded Tregs were highly demethylated in the FOXP3 Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR), consistent with bona fide natural Tregs. They were suppressive in vitro, but a small percentage could secrete proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon-γ and interleukin-17A. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the feasibility of isolating, expanding and gene-marking Tregs in clinical scale, thus paving the way for future phase I trials that will advance knowledge about the in vivo fate of transferred Tregs and its relationship with concomitant Treg-directed pharmacotherapy and clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaeze Precious Ekwe
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raymond Au
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ping Zhang
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Benjamin A McEnroe
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mei Ling Tan
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alda Saldan
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrea S Henden
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cheryl J Hutchins
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Henderson
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kari Mudie
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keri Kerr
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Madonna Fuery
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glen A Kennedy
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Siok-Keen Tey
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia; Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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Honing DY, Luiten RM, Matos TR. Regulatory T Cell Dysfunction in Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7171. [PMID: 39000278 PMCID: PMC11241405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a suppressive subpopulation of T cells, are potent mediators of peripheral tolerance, responsible for immune homeostasis. Many autoimmune diseases exhibit disruptions in Treg function or quantity, resulting in an imbalance between protective and pathogenic immune cells. Selective expansion or manipulation of Tregs is a promising therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases. However, the extensive diversity of Treg subpopulations and the multiple approaches used for Treg identification leads to high complexity, making it difficult to develop a successful treatment capable of modulating Tregs. In this review, we describe the suppressive mechanisms, subpopulations, classification, and identification methodology for Tregs, and their role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionne Y Honing
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalie M Luiten
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tiago R Matos
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Sanofi, 1105 BP Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Pavillon N, Lim EL, Tanaka A, Hori S, Sakaguchi S, Smith NI. Non-invasive detection of regulatory T cells with Raman spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14025. [PMID: 38890425 PMCID: PMC11189440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a type of lymphocyte that is key to maintaining immunological self-tolerance, with great potential for therapeutic applications. A long-standing challenge in the study of Tregs is that the only way they can be unambiguously identified is by using invasive intracellular markers. Practically, the purification of live Tregs is often compromised by other cell types since only surrogate surface markers can be used. We present here a non-invasive method based on Raman spectroscopy that can detect live unaltered Tregs by coupling optical detection with machine learning implemented with regularized logistic regression. We demonstrate the validity of this approach first on murine cells expressing a surface Foxp3 reporter, and then on peripheral blood human T cells. By including methods to account for sample purity, we could generate reliable models that can identify Tregs with an accuracy higher than 80%, which is already comparable with typical sorting purities achievable with standard methods that use proxy surface markers. We could also demonstrate that it is possible to reliably detect Tregs in fully independent donors that are not part of the model training, a key milestone for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pavillon
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - E L Lim
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Tanaka
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Frontier Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Hori
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Sakaguchi
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Shogoin Kawahara-cho 53, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - N I Smith
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-8, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Institute (OTRI), Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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12
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Blinova VG, Zhdanov DD. Many Faces of Regulatory T Cells: Heterogeneity or Plasticity? Cells 2024; 13:959. [PMID: 38891091 PMCID: PMC11171907 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining the immune balance in normal and pathological conditions. In autoimmune diseases and transplantation, they restrain the loss of self-tolerance and promote engraftment, whereas in cancer, an increase in Treg numbers is mostly associated with tumor growth and poor prognosis. Numerous markers and their combinations have been used to identify Treg subsets, demonstrating the phenotypic diversity of Tregs. The complexity of Treg identification can be hampered by the unstable expression of some markers, the decrease in the expression of a specific marker over time or the emergence of a new marker. It remains unclear whether such phenotypic shifts are due to new conditions or whether the observed changes are due to initially different populations. In the first case, cellular plasticity is observed, whereas in the second, cellular heterogeneity is observed. The difference between these terms in relation to Tregs is rather blurred. Considering the promising perspectives of Tregs in regenerative cell-based therapy, the existing confusing data on Treg phenotypes require further investigation and analysis. In our review, we introduce criteria that allow us to distinguish between the heterogeneity and plasticity of Tregs normally and pathologically, taking a closer look at their diversity and drawing the line between two terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara G. Blinova
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biochemistry, People’s Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Khan KN, Guo SW, Ogawa K, Fujishita A, Mori T. The role of innate and adaptive immunity in endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 163:104242. [PMID: 38503076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The innate and adaptive immune systems are the two key branches that determine host protection at all mucosal surfaces in human body, including the female reproductive tract. The pattern recognition receptors within the host that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns are expressed on the cells of the innate immune system. Rapidly reactive, theinnate immune system, responds immediately to the presence of infectious or other non-self agents, thereby launching an inflammatory response to protect the host until the activation of slower adaptive immune system. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and toll-like receptors are integral components of the innate immune system. In contrast, T-helper (Th1/Th2/Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells are the primary components of adaptive immune system. Studies showed that the growth and progression of endometriosis continue even in unilateral ovariectomized animal suggesting that besides ovarian steroid hormones, the growth of endometriosis could be regulated by innate/adaptive immune systems in pelvic environment. Recent reports demonstrated a potential role of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells either individually or collectively in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of endometriosis. Herewe review the fundamental knowledge of innate and adaptive immunity and elaborate the role of innate and adaptive immunity in endometriosis based on both human and experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleque N Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Kanae Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akira Fujishita
- Department of Gynecology, Saiseikai Nagasaki Hospital, Nagasaki 850-0003, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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14
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Scalise CB, Kincaid K, Thigpen H, Moore J, Dover B, Norian L, Meza-Perez S, Randall T, Birrer M, Odunsi K, Arend RC. A spatial proteomic study of platinum refractory HGSOC implicates dual AKT and WNT activity linked to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 185:83-94. [PMID: 38377762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advanced-stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) remains a deadly gynecologic malignancy with high rates of disease recurrence and limited, effective therapeutic options for patients. There is a significant need to better stratify HGSOC patients into platinum refractory (PRF) vs. sensitive (PS) cohorts at baseline to improve therapeutic responses and survival outcomes for PRF HGSOC. METHODS We performed NanoString for GeoMx Digital Spatial Profile (G-DSP) multiplex protein analysis on PRF and PS tissue microarrays (TMAs) to study the bidirectional communication of cancer cells with immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of HGSOC. We demonstrate robust stratification of PRF and PS tumors at baseline using multiplex spatial proteomic biomarkers with implications for tailoring subsequent therapy. RESULTS PS patients had elevated apoptotic and anti-tumor immune profiles, while PRF patients had dual AKT1 and WNT signaling with immunosuppressive profiles. We found that dual activity of AKT1 and WNT signaling supported the exclusion of immune cells, specifically tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), from the TME in PRF tumors, and this was not observed in PS tumors. The exclusion of immune cells from the TME of PRF tumors corresponded to abnormal endothelial cell structure in tumors with dual AKT1 and WNT signaling activity. CONCLUSIONS We believe our findings provide improved understanding of tumor-immune crosstalk in HGSOC TME highlighting the importance of the relationship between AKT and WNT pathways, immune cell function, and platinum response in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly B Scalise
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Kincaid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Haley Thigpen
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jennah Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bailee Dover
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lyse Norian
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Selene Meza-Perez
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Troy Randall
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael Birrer
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Clinical Sciences Center, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA; Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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15
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Kommoju V, Mariaselvam CM, Bulusu SN, Ganapathy CK, Narasimhan PB, Thabah MM, Negi VS. Conventional Tregs in treatment-naïve rheumatoid arthritis are deficient in suppressive function with an increase in percentage of CXCR3 and CCR6 expressing Tregs. Immunol Res 2024; 72:396-408. [PMID: 38151700 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), immune homeostasis is maintained by T regulatory cells (Tregs) that in an inflammatory milieu can change towards T-helper-like phenotypes (Th-like Tregs). Our aim was to examine the phenotypic and functional characteristics of CD4+CD25+CD127lo/- Tregs, Th-like Tregs and T effector (Teff) cells in the peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of treatment-naïve early RA, as compared to osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy control (HC) peripheral blood. Frequencies of Tregs, CXCR3, CCR6 expressing Tregs (Th-like Tregs), and Teff cells were analyzed using flow cytometry in RA (n = 80), OA (n = 20), and HC (n = 40). Cytokine concentrations of the respective T cell subsets in plasma and SF were measured using flow cytometric bead array. Tregs sorted from RA and HC PB using magnetic beads were analyzed for functional capacities by CFSE proliferation assay and FOXP3 gene expression using real-time PCR. We observed that the frequencies of Th17 cells in PB and SF were significantly higher in RA when compared to HC, whereas Tregs were lower in PB and high in SF compared to HC and OA respectively. Th1- and Th17-related pro-inflammatory cytokines IL12p70, INF-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6, and IL-17A were significantly higher in the plasma and SF of RA. Tregs expressing CXCR3 (Th1-like Tregs) and CCR6 (Th17-like Treg) were significantly higher in PB and SF of RA compared to controls and was positively associated with seropositivity and disease activity. Treg cells isolated from peripheral blood of RA showed decreased function and reduced FOXP3 gene expression compared to HC. In our study, we have demonstrated higher frequencies of Th1 and Th17 cells and increased circulatory and SF pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL12P70, INF-γ, IL-6, IL-17A, and TNF-α) in RA. This inflammatory milieu might alter total Tregs frequencies and influence conversion of Tregs into Th-like Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vallayyachari Kommoju
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605 006, India
| | - Christina Mary Mariaselvam
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605 006, India
| | - Sree Nethra Bulusu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605 006, India
| | - Chengappa Kavadichanda Ganapathy
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605 006, India
| | - Prakash Babu Narasimhan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605 006, India
| | - Molly Mary Thabah
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605 006, India
| | - Vir Singh Negi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, 605 006, India.
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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16
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Nogueira JDS, Gomes TR, Secco DA, de Almeida IS, da Costa ASMF, Cobas RA, Costa Dos Santos G, Gomes MB, Porto LC. Type 1 Diabetes Brazilian patients exhibit reduced frequency of recent thymic emigrants in regulatory CD4 +CD25 +Foxp3 +T cells. Immunol Lett 2024; 267:106857. [PMID: 38604551 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
To control immune responses, regulatory CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells (Treg) maintain their wide and diverse repertoire through continuous arrival of recent thymic emigrants (RTE). However, during puberty, the activity of RTE starts to decline as a natural process of thymic involution, introducing consequences, not completely described, to the repertoire. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients show quantitative and qualitative impairments on the Treg cells. Our aim was to evaluate peripheral Treg and RTE cell frequencies, in T1D patients from two distinct age groups (young and adults) and verify if HLA phenotypes are concomitant associated. To this, blood samples from Brazilian twenty established T1D patients (12 young and 8 adults) and twenty-one healthy controls (11 young and 10 adults) were analyzed, by flow cytometry, to verify the percentages of CD4, Treg (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) and the subsets of CD45RA+ (naive) and CD31+(RTE) within then. Furthermore, the HLA typing was also set. We observed that the young established T1D patients feature decreased frequencies in total Treg cells and naive RTE within Treg cells. Significant prevalence of HLA alleles, associated with risk, in T1D patients, was also identified. Performing a multivariate analysis, we confirmed that the cellular changes described offers significant variables that distinct T1D patients from the controls. Our data collectively highlight relevant aspects about homeostasis imbalances in the Treg cells of T1D patients, especially in young, and disease prognosis; that might contribute for future therapeutic strategies involving Treg cells manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane de Souza Nogueira
- Immunogenetic and Histocompatibility Laboratory (HLA-UERJ), Technologic core in Tissue Repair and Histocompatibility (TIXUS), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamires Rodrigues Gomes
- Immunogenetic and Histocompatibility Laboratory (HLA-UERJ), Technologic core in Tissue Repair and Histocompatibility (TIXUS), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle Angst Secco
- Immunogenetic and Histocompatibility Laboratory (HLA-UERJ), Technologic core in Tissue Repair and Histocompatibility (TIXUS), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Inez Silva de Almeida
- Nursing Faculty, Department of Nursing Fundamentals, Ambulatory of the Adolescent Health Studies Center (NESA), Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Arnoldi Cobas
- Ambulatory of Diabetes, Piquet Carneiro Polyclinic, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilson Costa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Metabolomics (LabMet), IBRAG, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Marília Brito Gomes
- Ambulatory of Diabetes, Piquet Carneiro Polyclinic, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luís Cristóvão Porto
- Immunogenetic and Histocompatibility Laboratory (HLA-UERJ), Technologic core in Tissue Repair and Histocompatibility (TIXUS), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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17
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Halpert MM, Burns BA, Rosario SR, Withers HG, Trivedi AJ, Hofferek CJ, Gephart BD, Wang H, Vazquez-Perez J, Amanya SB, Hyslop ST, Yang J, Kemnade JO, Sandulache VC, Konduri V, Decker WK. Multifactoral immune modulation potentiates durable remission in multiple models of aggressive malignancy. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23644. [PMID: 38738472 PMCID: PMC11155525 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302675r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Tumors typically lack canonical danger signals required to activate adaptive immunity and also frequently employ substantial immunomodulatory mechanisms that downregulate adaptive responses and contribute to escape from immune surveillance. Given the variety of mechanisms involved in shielding tumors from immune recognition, it is not surprising that single-agent immunomodulatory approaches have been largely unsuccessful in generating durable antitumor responses. Here we report a unique combination of immunomodulatory and cytostatic agents that recondition the tumor microenvironment and eliminate complex and/or poor-prognosis tumor types including the non-immunogenic 4T-1 model of TNBC, the aggressive MOC-2 model of HNSCC, and the high-risk MYCN-amplified model of neuroblastoma. A course of therapy optimized for TNBC cured a majority of tumors in both ectopic and orthotopic settings and eliminated metastatic spread in all animals tested at the highest doses. Immune responses were transferable between therapeutic donor and naïve recipient through adoptive transfer, and a sizeable abscopal effect on distant, untreated lesions could be demonstrated experimentally. Similar results were observed in HNSCC and neuroblastoma models, with characteristic remodeling of the tumor microenvironment documented in all model systems. scRNA-seq analysis implicated upregulation of innate immune responses and antigen presentation in tumor cells and the myeloid cell compartment as critical early events. This analysis also highlighted the potential importance of the autonomic nervous system in the governance of inflammatory processes. The data indicate that the targeting of multiple pathways and mechanisms of action can result in substantial synergistic antitumor effects and suggest follow-up in the neoadjuvant setting may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- MM Halpert
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
| | - BA Burns
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
| | - SR Rosario
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
- Acquired Resistance to Therapy Network (ARTNet) U24/U54 Investigator, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
| | - HG Withers
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
| | - AJ Trivedi
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
| | - CJ Hofferek
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
| | - BD Gephart
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
| | - H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
| | - J Vazquez-Perez
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
| | - SB Amanya
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
| | - ST Hyslop
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
| | - J Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
| | - JO Kemnade
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
| | - VC Sandulache
- Acquired Resistance to Therapy Network (ARTNet) U24/U54 Investigator, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
| | - V Konduri
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
| | - WK Decker
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
- Acquired Resistance to Therapy Network (ARTNet) U24/U54 Investigator, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 United States
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18
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Egawa Y, Higuchi T, Hashida Y, Ueno K, Kojima K, Daibata M. Novel paired CD13-negative (MT-50.1) and CD13-positive (MT-50.4) HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines with differential regulatory T cell-like activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12549. [PMID: 38822041 PMCID: PMC11143202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) occurs after human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection with a long latency period exceeding several decades. This implies the presence of immune evasion mechanisms for HTLV-1-infected T cells. Although ATL cells have a CD4+CD25+ phenotype similar to that of regulatory T cells (Tregs), they do not always possess the immunosuppressive functions of Tregs. Factors that impart effective immunosuppressive functions to HTLV-1-infected cells may exist. A previous study identified a new CD13+ Treg subpopulation with enhanced immunosuppressive activity. We, herein, describe the paired CD13- (designated as MT-50.1) and CD13+ (MT-50.4) HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines with Treg-like phenotype, derived from the peripheral blood of a single patient with lymphoma-type ATL. The cell lines were found to be derived from HTLV-1-infected non-leukemic cells. MT-50.4 cells secreted higher levels of immunosuppressive cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β, expressed higher levels of Foxp3, and showed stronger suppression of CD4+CD25- T cell proliferation than MT-50.1 cells. Furthermore, the CD13 inhibitor bestatin significantly attenuated MT-50.4 cell growth, while it did not for MT-50.1 cells. These findings suggest that CD13 expression may be involved in the increased Treg-like activity of MT-50.4 cells. Hence, MT-50.4 cells will be useful for in-depth studies of CD13+Foxp3+ HTLV-1-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Egawa
- Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Tomonori Higuchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yumiko Hashida
- Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ueno
- Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kochi Gakuen University, Kochi, 780-0955, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Department of Hematology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masanori Daibata
- Department of Microbiology and Infection, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
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19
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Guo K, Feng X, Xu L, Li C, Ma Y, Peng M. Within- and between-subject biological variation estimates for the enumeration of lymphocyte deep immunophenotyping and monocyte subsets. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0371. [PMID: 38815136 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to deliver biological variation (BV) estimates for 25 types of lymphocyte subpopulations subjected to deep immunophenotyping (memory T/B cells, regulatory T cells, etc.) and classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocyte subsets based on the full spectrum flow cytometry (FS-FCM) and a Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist (BIVAC) design. METHODS Samples were collected biweekly from 60 healthy Chinese adults over 10 consecutive two-week periods. Each sample was measured in duplicate within a single run for lymphocyte deep immunophenotyping and monocyte subset determination using FS-FCM, including the percentage (%) and absolute count (cells/μL). After trend adjustment, a Bayesian model was applied to deliver the within-subject BV (CVI) and between-subject BV (CVG) estimates with 95 % credibility intervals. RESULTS Enumeration (% and cells/μL) for 25 types of lymphocyte deep immunophenotyping and three types of monocyte subset percentages showed considerable variability in terms of CVI and CVG. CVI ranged from 4.23 to 47.47 %. Additionally, CVG ranged between 10.32 and 101.30 %, except for CD4+ effector memory T cells re-expressing CD45RA. No significant differences were found between males and females for CVI and CVG estimates. Nevertheless, the CVGs of PD-1+ T cells (%) may be higher in females than males. Based on the desired analytical performance specification, the maximum allowable imprecision immune parameter was the CD8+PD-1+ T cell (cells/μL), with 23.7 %. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study delivering BV estimates for 25 types of lymphocyte subpopulations subjected to deep immunophenotyping, along with classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocyte subsets, using FS-FCM and adhering to the BIVAC design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
- 12501 National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoran Feng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
- 12501 National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
- 12501 National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chenbin Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yating Ma
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mingting Peng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
- 12501 National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, P.R. China
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Soongsathitanon J, Homjan T, Pongcharoen S. Characteristic features of in vitro differentiation of human naïve CD4 + T cells to induced regulatory T cells (iTreg) and T helper (Th) 17 cells: Sharing of lineage-specific markers. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31394. [PMID: 38807879 PMCID: PMC11130651 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro induced regulatory T cells (iTreg) and IL-17 producing T cells (Th17-like cells) can be generated in culture from native CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood by different sets of cytokines. In the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plus interleukin (IL)-2, cells differentiate into Treg cells with increased expression of the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3). In the presence of TGF-β, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-23, cells differentiate into Th17 cells that produce IL-17A. However, protocols for the generation of human iTreg and Th17 are still controversial. In this study, we characterized the biological features of iTreg and Th17 cells differentiated from peripheral blood naïve CD4+ T cells in vitro using the established protocols. We showed that cells obtained from Treg or Th17 culture conditions shared some phenotypic markers. Cells under Treg conditions had an up-regulated FOXP3 gene and a down-regulated RAR-related orphan receptor C (RORC) gene. Cells derived from the Th17 condition exhibited a down-regulated FOXP3 gene and had significantly higher RORC gene expression than Treg cells. Both resulting cells showed intracellular production of IL-17A and IL-10. Th17 condition-cultured cells exhibited more glycolytic activity and glucose uptake compared to the Treg cells. The findings suggest that cells obtained from established protocols for the differentiation of iTreg and Th17 cells in vitro are possibly in the intermediate stage of differentiation or may be two different types of cells that share a lineage-specific differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarupa Soongsathitanon
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Ticha Homjan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Suthatip Pongcharoen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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Jiménez-Gómez G, Campos-Caro A, García-Núñez A, Gallardo-García A, Molina-Hidalgo A, León-Jiménez A. Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets in Peripheral Blood from Patients with Engineered Stone Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5722. [PMID: 38891910 PMCID: PMC11171478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Silicosis caused by engineered stone (ES-silicosis) is an emerging worldwide issue characterized by inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs. To our knowledge, only a few reports have investigated leukocyte/lymphocyte subsets in ES-silicosis patients. The present study was designed to explore the proportions of the main lymphocyte subsets in ES-silicosis patients stratified into two groups, one with simple silicosis (SS) and the other with a more advanced state of the disease, defined as progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). The proportions of B (memory and plasmablasts) cells, T (helper, cytotoxic, regulatory) cells, and natural killer (NK) (regulatory and cytotoxic) cells were investigated by multiparameter flow cytometry in 91 ES-silicosis patients (53 SS patients and 38 PMF patients) and 22 healthy controls (HC). Although the total number of leukocytes did not differ between the groups studied, lymphopenia was observed in patients compared to healthy controls. Compared with those in healthy controls, the proportions of memory B cells, naïve helper T cells, and the CD4+/CD8+ T cells' ratio in the peripheral blood of patients with silicosis were significantly decreased, while the percentages of plasma cells, memory helper T cells, and regulatory T cells were significantly increased. For the NK cell subsets, no significant differences were found between the groups studied. These results revealed altered cellular immune processes in the peripheral blood of patients with ES-silicosis and provided further insight into silicosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Jiménez-Gómez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain; (G.J.-G.); (A.G.-N.); (A.M.-H.); (A.L.-J.)
- Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain; (G.J.-G.); (A.G.-N.); (A.M.-H.); (A.L.-J.)
- Genetics Area, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Alejandro García-Núñez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain; (G.J.-G.); (A.G.-N.); (A.M.-H.); (A.L.-J.)
- Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Molina-Hidalgo
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain; (G.J.-G.); (A.G.-N.); (A.M.-H.); (A.L.-J.)
- Pulmonology Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Antonio León-Jiménez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain; (G.J.-G.); (A.G.-N.); (A.M.-H.); (A.L.-J.)
- Pulmonology Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
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Ono M, Satou Y. Spectrum of Treg and self-reactive T cells: single cell perspectives from old friend HTLV-1. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 3:kyae006. [PMID: 38863793 PMCID: PMC11165433 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive regulatory T cell (Treg) research, fundamental questions on in vivo dynamics remain to be answered. The current study aims to dissect several interwoven concepts in Treg biology, highlighting the 'self-reactivity' of Treg and their counterparts, namely naturally-arising memory-phenotype T-cells, as a key mechanism to be exploited by a human retroviral infection. We propose the novel key concept, Periodic T cell receptor (TCR)-signalled T-cells, capturing self-reactivity in a quantifiable manner using the Nr4a3-Timer-of-cell-kinetics-and-activity (Tocky) technology. Periodic and brief TCR signals in self-reactive T-cells contrast with acute TCR signals during inflammation. Thus, we propose a new two-axis model for T-cell activation by the two types of TCR signals or antigen recognition, elucidating how Foxp3 expression and acute TCR signals actively regulate Periodic TCR-signalled T-cells. Next, we highlight an underappreciated branch of immunological research on Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) that precedes Treg studies, illuminating the missing link between the viral infection, CD25, and Foxp3. Based on evidence by single-cell analysis, we show how the viral infection exploits the regulatory mechanisms for T-cell activation and suggests a potential role of periodic TCR signalling in infection and malignant transformation. In conclusion, the new perspectives and models in this study provide a working framework for investigating Treg within the self-reactive T-cell spectrum, expected to advance understanding of HTLV-1 infection, cancer, and immunotherapy strategies for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ono
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yorifumi Satou
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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23
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Böttrich T, Bauer P, Gröβer V, Huber M, Raifer H, Frech T, Nolte S, Dombrowski T, Cemic F, Sommer N, Ringseis R, Eder K, Krüger K, Weyh C. Subpopulations of regulatory T cells are associated with subclinical atherosclerotic plaques, levels of LDL, and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:288-296. [PMID: 37951470 PMCID: PMC11117006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis forms the pathological basis for the development of cardiovascular disease. Since pathological processes initially develop without clinically relevant symptoms, the identification of early markers in the subclinical stage plays an important role for initiating early interventions. There is evidence that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify and investigate associations with Tregs and their subsets in a cohort of healthy elderly individuals with and without subclinical atherosclerotic plaques (SAP). In addition, various lifestyle and risk factors, such as cardiorespiratory fitness, were investigated as associated signatures. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 79 participants (male: n = 50; age = 63.6 ± 3.7 years; body mass index = 24.9 ± 3.1 kg/m²; mean ± SD) who had no previous diagnosis of chronic disease and were not taking medication. Ultrasound of the carotids to identify SAP, cardiovascular function measurement for vascular assessment and a cardiorespiratory fitness test to determine peak oxygen uptake were performed. Additionally, tests were conducted to assess blood lipids and determine glucose levels. Immunophenotyping of Tregs and their subtypes (resting (rTregs) and effector/memory (mTregs)) was performed by 8-chanel flow cytometry. Participants were categorized according to atherosclerotic plaque status. Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between parameters. RESULTS SAP was detected in a total of 29 participants. The participants with plaque were older (64.8 ± 3.6 years vs. 62.9 ± 3.5 years) and had higher peripheral systolic blood pressure (133.8 ± 14.7 mmHg vs. 125.8 ± 10.9 mmHg). The participants with SAP were characterized by a lower percentage of rTregs (28.8% ± 10.7% vs. 34.6% ± 10.7%) and a higher percentage of mTregs (40.3% ± 14.7% vs. 30.0% ± 11.9%). Multiple logistic regression identified age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.20 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.01-1.42)) and mTregs (OR = 1.05 (95%CI: 1.02-1.10)) as independent risk factors for SAP. Stepwise linear regression could reveal an association of peak oxygen uptake (β = 0.441), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (β = -0.096), and SAP (β = 6.733) with mTregs and LDL (β = 0.104) with rTregs. CONCLUSION While at an early stage of SAP, the total proportion of Tregs gives no indication of vascular changes, this is indicated by a shift in the Treg subgroups. Factors such as serum LDL or cardiopulmonary fitness may be associated with this shift and may also be additional diagnostic indicators. This could be used to initiate lifestyle-based preventive measures at an early stage, which may have a protective effect against disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Böttrich
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen 35394, Germany
| | - Pascal Bauer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Vincent Gröβer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Hartmann Raifer
- Institute for Systems Immunology, Center for Tumor und Immunology, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Torsten Frech
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen 35394, Germany
| | - Svenja Nolte
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen 35394, Germany
| | - Theresa Dombrowski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen 35394, Germany
| | - Franz Cemic
- TH Mittelhessen, Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences Giessen, Giessen 35390, Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen 35394, Germany; Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen 35394, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen 35390, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen 35390, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen 35394, Germany.
| | - Christopher Weyh
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen 35394, Germany
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Hindmarch DC, Malashanka S, Shows DM, Clarke AS, Lord JD. Janus Kinase Inhibitors Differentially Inhibit Specific Cytokine Signals in the Mesenteric Lymph Node Cells of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. J Crohns Colitis 2024; 18:628-637. [PMID: 37855324 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Janus kinase [JAK] inhibitors [JAKinibs] are effective small molecule therapies for treating Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC], collectively known as inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. By preventing JAKs from phosphorylating signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins, JAKinibs disrupt cytokine signalling pathways that promote inflammation. Despite considerable overlap in the JAKs they target, first- and second-generation JAKinibs display different clinical efficacies in CD and UC. METHODS We conducted a comparative phosflow study of four JAKinibs [filgotinib, upadacitinib, tofacitinib, and deucravacitinib] to observe subtle mechanistic differences that may dictate their clinical behaviour. Resected mesenteric lymph node [MLN] cells from 19 patients [9 CD, 10 UC] were analysed by flow cytometry in the presence or absence of different cytokine stimuli and titrated JAKinibs. RESULTS We found a higher potency of the JAK 1/3-preferential inhibitor, tofacitinib, for JAK 3-dependent cytokine signalling pathways in comparison to filgotinib, but a higher potency of the JAK 1-preferential inhibitors, filgotinib and upadacitinib, for JAK 3-independent cytokine signalling pathways. Deucravacitinib, a TYK2-preferential inhibitor, demonstrated a much narrower selectivity by inhibiting only IL-10 and IFN-β pathways, albeit more potently than the other JAKinibs. Additionally, we found some differences in the sensitivity of immune cells from CD versus UC, and patients with versus without a CD-associated NOD2 polymorphism, to phosphorylate signal transducer and activator of transcriptions in response to specific cytokine stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Despite their similarities, differences exist in the relative potencies of different JAKinibs against distinct cytokine families, to explain their clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan C Hindmarch
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translation Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sofya Malashanka
- Virginia Mason Medical Center, Gastroenterology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donna M Shows
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translation Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - James D Lord
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translation Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA
- Virginia Mason Medical Center, Gastroenterology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Seattle, WA, USA
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25
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Ma S, Sandhoff R, Luo X, Shang F, Shi Q, Li Z, Wu J, Ming Y, Schwarz F, Madi A, Weisshaar N, Mieg A, Hering M, Zettl F, Yan X, Mohr K, Ten Bosch N, Li Z, Poschet G, Rodewald HR, Papavasiliou N, Wang X, Gao P, Cui G. Serine enrichment in tumors promotes regulatory T cell accumulation through sphinganine-mediated regulation of c-Fos. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadg8817. [PMID: 38640251 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg8817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells accumulate in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and suppress the immune system. Whether and how metabolite availability in the TME influences Treg cell differentiation is not understood. Here, we measured 630 metabolites in the TME and found that serine and palmitic acid, substrates required for the synthesis of sphingolipids, were enriched. A serine-free diet or a deficiency in Sptlc2, the rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing sphingolipid synthesis, suppressed Treg cell accumulation and inhibited tumor growth. Sphinganine, an intermediate metabolite in sphingolipid synthesis, physically interacted with the transcription factor c-Fos. Sphinganine c-Fos interactions enhanced the genome-wide recruitment of c-Fos to regions near the transcription start sites of target genes including Pdcd1 (encoding PD-1), which promoted Pdcd1 transcription and increased inducible Treg cell differentiation in vitro in a PD-1-dependent manner. Thus, Sptlc2-mediated sphingolipid synthesis translates the extracellular information of metabolite availability into nuclear signals for Treg cell differentiation and limits antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group (A411), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiu Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fuwei Shang
- Cellular Immunology (D110), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qiaozhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaolong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yanan Ming
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Frank Schwarz
- Core Facility Antibodies (W170), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alaa Madi
- Immune Diversity (D150), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Weisshaar
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessa Mieg
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marvin Hering
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Zettl
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xin Yan
- Immune Diversity (D150), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mohr
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nora Ten Bosch
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors (F100), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Cellular Immunology (D110), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Papavasiliou
- Immune Diversity (D150), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guoliang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Sjøgren T, Islam S, Filippov I, Jebrzycka A, Sulen A, Breivik LE, Hellesen A, Jørgensen AP, Lima K, Tserel L, Kisand K, Peterson P, Ranki A, Husebye ES, Oftedal BE, Wolff AS. Single cell characterization of blood and expanded regulatory T cells in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1. iScience 2024; 27:109610. [PMID: 38632993 PMCID: PMC11022049 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune tolerance fails in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) because of AIRE mutations. We have used single cell transcriptomics to characterize regulatory T cells (Tregs) sorted directly from blood and from in vitro expanded Tregs in APS-1 patients compared to healthy controls. We revealed only CD52 and LTB (down) and TXNIP (up) as consistently differentially expressed genes in the datasets. There were furthermore no large differences of the TCR-repertoire of expanded Tregs between the cohorts, but unique patients showed a more restricted use of specific clonotypes. We also found that in vitro expanded Tregs from APS-1 patients had similar suppressive capacity as controls in co-culture assays, despite expanding faster and having more exhausted cells. Our results suggest that APS-1 patients do not have intrinsic defects in their Treg functionality, and that their Tregs can be expanded ex vivo for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Sjøgren
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shahinul Islam
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Igor Filippov
- QIAGEN Aarhus A/S, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - André Sulen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars E. Breivik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Kari Lima
- Department of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Liina Tserel
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Kisand
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Inflammation Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eystein S. Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bergithe E. Oftedal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette S.B. Wolff
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Hall C, Pleasance J, Hickman O, Kirkham B, Panayi GS, Eggleton P, Corrigall VM. The Biologic IRL201805 Alters Immune Tolerance Leading to Prolonged Pharmacodynamics and Efficacy in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4394. [PMID: 38673979 PMCID: PMC11049849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A homologue of binding immunoglobulin protein/BiP-IRL201805 alters the function of immune cells in pre-clinical in vivo and in vitro studies. The aim of the study was to select biomarkers that clearly delineate between RA patients who respond to IRL201805 and placebo patients and reveal the immunological mode of action of IRL201805 driving the extended pharmacodynamics observed in responding patients. Biomarkers that distinguished between responding patients and placebo patients included downregulation of serum interferon-γ and IL-1β; upregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators, serum soluble CTLA-4, and intracellular monocyte expression of IDO; and sustained increased CD39 expression on CD3+CD4+CD25hi CD127lo regulatory T cells. In the responding patients, selected biomarkers verified that the therapeutic effect could be continuous for at least 12 weeks post-infusion. In secondary co-culture, pre-infusion PBMCs cultured 1:1 with autologous PBMCs, isolated at later time-points during the trial, showed significantly inhibited IL-6 and IL-1β production upon anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation demonstrating IRL201805 alters the function of immune cells leading to prolonged pharmacodynamics confirmed by biomarker differences. IRL201805 may be the first of a new class of biologic drug providing long-term drug-free therapy in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hall
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jill Pleasance
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Oliver Hickman
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Bruce Kirkham
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Gabriel S. Panayi
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Valerie M. Corrigall
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Revolo Biotherapeutics, London SE1 9AP, UK
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Cochrane RW, Robino RA, Granger B, Allen E, Vaena S, Romeo MJ, de Cubas AA, Berto S, Ferreira LM. High affinity chimeric antigen receptor signaling induces an inflammatory program in human regulatory T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.31.587467. [PMID: 38617240 PMCID: PMC11014479 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.31.587467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are promising cellular therapies to induce immune tolerance in organ transplantation and autoimmune disease. The success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for cancer has sparked interest in using CARs to generate antigen-specific Tregs. Here, we compared CAR with endogenous T cell receptor (TCR)/CD28 activation in human Tregs. Strikingly, CAR Tregs displayed increased cytotoxicity and diminished suppression of antigen-presenting cells and effector T (Teff) cells compared with TCR/CD28 activated Tregs. RNA sequencing revealed that CAR Tregs activate Teff cell gene programs. Indeed, CAR Tregs secreted high levels of inflammatory cytokines, with a subset of FOXP3+ CAR Tregs uniquely acquiring CD40L surface expression and producing IFNγ. Interestingly, decreasing CAR antigen affinity reduced Teff cell gene expression and inflammatory cytokine production by CAR Tregs. Our findings showcase the impact of engineered receptor activation on Treg biology and support tailoring CAR constructs to Tregs for maximal therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell W. Cochrane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rob A. Robino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bryan Granger
- Bioinformatics Core, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Eva Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Silvia Vaena
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Martin J. Romeo
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Aguirre A. de Cubas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stefano Berto
- Bioinformatics Core, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Leonardo M.R. Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Stucchi A, Maspes F, Montee-Rodrigues E, Fousteri G. Engineered Treg cells: The heir to the throne of immunotherapy. J Autoimmun 2024; 144:102986. [PMID: 36639301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, increased interest in the use of Tregs as adoptive cell therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection had led to several advances in the field. However, Treg cell therapies, while constantly advancing, indiscriminately suppress the immune system without the permanent stabilization of certain diseases. Genetically modified Tregs hold great promise towards solving these problems, but, challenges in identifying the most potent Treg subtype, accompanied by the ambiguity involved in identifying the optimal Treg source, along with its expansion and engineering in a clinical-grade setting remain paramount. This review highlights the recent advances in methodologies for the development of genetically engineered Treg cell-based treatments for autoimmune, inflammatory diseases, and organ rejection. Additionally, it provides a systematized guide to all the recent progress in the field and informs the readers of the feasibility and safety of engineered adoptive Treg cell therapy, with the aim to provide a framework for researchers involved in the development of engineered Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Stucchi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Maspes
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ely Montee-Rodrigues
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Cambridge Epigenetix, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Fousteri
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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30
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He J, Miao R, Chen Y, Wang H, Liu M. The dual role of regulatory T cells in hepatitis B virus infection and related hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunology 2024; 171:445-463. [PMID: 38093705 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major contributor to cancer-related deaths worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major etiologic factor leading to HCC. While there have been significant advancements in controlling HBV replication, achieving a complete cure for HBV-related HCC (HBV-HCC) remains an intricate challenge. HBV persistence is attributed to a myriad of mechanisms, encompassing both innate and adaptive immune responses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are pivotal in upholding immune tolerance and modulating excessive immune activation. During HBV infection, Tregs mediate specific T cell suppression, thereby contributing to both persistent infection and the mitigation of liver inflammatory responses. Studies have demonstrated an augmented expression of circulating and intrahepatic Tregs in HBV-HCC, which correlates with impaired CD8+ T cell function. Consequently, Tregs play a dual role in the context of HBV infection and the progression of HBV-HCC. In this comprehensive review, we discuss pertinent studies concerning Tregs in HBV infection, HBV-related cirrhosis and HCC. Furthermore, we summarize Treg responses to antiviral therapy and provide Treg-targeted therapies specific to HBV and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Miao
- Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northeast Yunnan Regional Central Hospital, Zhaotong, Yunan, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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31
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Tuomela K, Levings MK. Genetic engineering of regulatory T cells for treatment of autoimmune disorders including type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2024; 67:611-622. [PMID: 38236408 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Suppression of pathogenic immune responses is a major goal in the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes. Adoptive cell therapy using regulatory T cells (Tregs), a naturally suppressive immune subset that is often dysfunctional in type 1 diabetes, is a promising approach to achieving localised and specific immune suppression in the pancreas or site of islet transplant. However, clinical trials testing administration of polyclonal Tregs in recent-onset type 1 diabetes have observed limited efficacy despite an excellent safety profile. Several barriers to efficacy have been identified, including lack of antigen specificity, low cell persistence post-administration and difficulty in generating sufficient cell numbers. Fortunately, the emergence of advanced gene editing techniques has opened the door to new strategies to engineer Tregs with improved specificity and function. These strategies include the engineering of FOXP3 expression to produce a larger source of suppressive cells for infusion, expressing T cell receptors or chimeric antigen receptors to generate antigen-specific Tregs and improving Treg survival by targeting cytokine pathways. Although these approaches are being applied in a variety of autoimmune and transplant contexts, type 1 diabetes presents unique opportunities and challenges for the genetic engineering of Tregs for adoptive cell therapy. Here we discuss the role of Tregs in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis and the application of Treg engineering in the context of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoliina Tuomela
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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32
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Menier C, Meunier S, Porcheddu V, Romano L, Correia E, Busato F, Tost J, Maillère B. Frequency of natural regulatory T cells specific for factor VIII in the peripheral blood of healthy donors. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350506. [PMID: 38429238 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Tolerance to self-proteins involves multiple mechanisms, including conventional CD4+ T-cell (Tconv) deletion in the thymus and the recruitment of natural regulatory T cells (nTregs). The significant incidence of autoantibodies specific for the blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in healthy donors illustrates that tolerance to self-proteins is not always complete. In contrast to FVIII-specific Tconvs, FVIII-specific nTregs have never been revealed and characterized. To determine the frequency of FVIII-specific Tregs in human peripheral blood, we assessed the specificity of in vitro expanded Tregs by the membrane expression of the CD137 activation marker. Amplified Tregs maintain high levels of FOXP3 expression and exhibit almost complete demethylation of the FOXP3 Treg-specific demethylated region. The cells retained FOXP3 expression after long-term culture in vitro, strongly suggesting that FVIII-specific Tregs are derived from the thymus. From eleven healthy donors, we estimated the frequencies of FVIII-specific Tregs at 0.17 cells per million, which is about 10-fold lower than the frequency of FVIII-specific CD4+ T cells we previously published. Our results shed light on the mechanisms of FVIII tolerance by a renewed approach that could be extended to other self- or non-self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Menier
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, Université de Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sylvain Meunier
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, Université de Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Valeria Porcheddu
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, Université de Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laurène Romano
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, Université de Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Evelyne Correia
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, Université de Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florence Busato
- Laboratory for Epigenetics & Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Evry, France
| | - Jorg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics & Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Evry, France
| | - Bernard Maillère
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, Université de Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Yu J, Gadwa J, Ross RB, Knitz M, Darragh LB, Abdelazeem KNM, Beynor J, Neupert B, Nguyen A, Nguyen D, Olimpo N, Corbo S, Van Court B, D'Alessandro A, Saviola A, Karam SD. IL7 in combination with radiotherapy stimulates a memory T-cell response to improve outcomes in HNSCC models. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:90. [PMID: 38554147 PMCID: PMC10981637 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Clinically approved head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) immunotherapies manipulate the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) axis but have had limited success outside of recurrent/metastatic disease. Interleukin-7 (IL7) has been shown to be essential for effector T-cell survival, activation, and proliferation. Here, we show that IL7 in combination with radiotherapy (RT) is effective in activating CD8 + T-cells for reducing tumor growth. Our studies were conducted using both human papillomavirus related and unrelated orthotopic HNSCC murine models. Immune populations from the tumor, draining lymph nodes, and blood were compared between treatment groups and controls using flow cytometry, proteomics, immunofluorescence staining, and RNA sequencing. Treatment with RT and IL7 (RT + IL7) resulted in significant tumor growth reduction, high CD8 T-cell tumor infiltration, and increased proliferation of T-cell progenitors in the bone marrow. IL7 also expanded a memory-like subpopulation of CD8 T-cells. These results indicate that IL7 in combination with RT can serve as an effective immunotherapy strategy outside of the conventional ICB axis to drive the antitumor activity of CD8 T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jacob Gadwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Richard B Ross
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Michael Knitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Laurel B Darragh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Khalid N M Abdelazeem
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Radiation Biology Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jessica Beynor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brooke Neupert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Alexander Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Diemmy Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nicholas Olimpo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sophia Corbo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Benjamin Van Court
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Anthony Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Fu C, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wang D, Han S, Ma Z. Advances in IL-7 Research on Tumour Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:415. [PMID: 38675377 PMCID: PMC11054630 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a versatile cytokine that plays a crucial role in regulating the immune system's homeostasis. It is involved in the development, proliferation, and differentiation of B and T cells, as well as being essential for the differentiation and survival of naïve T cells and the production and maintenance of memory T cells. Given its potent biological functions, IL-7 is considered to have the potential to be widely used in the field of anti-tumour immunotherapy. Notably, IL-7 can improve the tumour microenvironment by promoting the development of Th17 cells, which can in turn promote the recruitment of effector T cells and NK cells. In addition, IL-7 can also down-regulate the expression of tumour growth factor-β and inhibit immunosuppression to promote anti-tumour efficacy, suggesting potential clinical applications for anti-tumour immunotherapy. This review aims to discuss the origin of IL-7 and its receptor IL-7R, its anti-tumour mechanism, and the recent advances in the application of IL-7 in tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhenghai Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; (C.F.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (D.W.); (S.H.)
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35
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Bi Y, Kong R, Peng Y, Cai D, Zhang Y, Yang F, Li X, Deng W, Liu F, He B, Cao C, Deng C, Tang X, Fan L, Yu H, Zhou Z. Multiply restimulated human cord blood-derived Tregs maintain stabilized phenotype and suppressive function and predict their therapeutic effects on autoimmune diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:71. [PMID: 38515175 PMCID: PMC10956208 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and immune regulation. Clinical trials on the adoptive transfer of Tregs have been ongoing for > 10 years. However, many unresolved issues remain in the production of readymade Treg products and selection of patients. Hence, this study aimed to develop a method to expand off-the-shelf Tregs derived from umbilical cord blood (UCB-Tregs) in vitro without changing their phenotype and inhibitory function. In addition, the study intended to design an approach to precisely select patients who are more likely to benefit from the adoptive Treg transfer therapy. METHODS UCB-Tregs were isolated and cultured in a medium containing human recombinant IL-2 and rapamycin and then multiply restimulated with human T-activator CD3/CD28 dynabeads. The phenotype and suppressive capacity of Tregs were assessed on days 18 and 42. The relationship between the suppressive function of UCB-Tregs in vitro and clinical indicators was analyzed, and the ability of the in vitro suppressive capacity to predict the in vivo therapeutic effects was evaluated. RESULTS UCB-Tregs expanded 123-fold and 5,981-fold at 18 and 42 days, respectively. The suppressive function of UCB-Tregs on the proliferation of immune cells at 42 days was not significantly different compared with that of UCB-Tregs obtained at 18 days. The suppression rate of UCB-Tregs to PBMCs was negatively correlated with the course of diabetes. Moreover, the high-suppression group exhibited a better treatment response than the low-suppression group during the 12-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Multiply restimulated UCB-Tregs expanded at a large scale without any alterations in their classical phenotypic features and inhibitory functions. The suppressive function of Tregs in vitro was negatively correlated with the disease duration. The present study revealed the possibility of predicting the in vivo therapeutic effects via the in vitro inhibition assay. Thus, these findings provided a method to obtain off-the-shelf Treg products and facilitated the selection of patients who are likely to respond to the treatment, thereby moving toward the goal of precision treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Bi
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Kong
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yani Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Donghua Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Binbin He
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuqing Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohan Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Therapy for Diabetes, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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36
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Hardtke-Wolenski M, Landwehr-Kenzel S. Tipping the balance in autoimmunity: are regulatory t cells the cause, the cure, or both? Mol Cell Pediatr 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38507159 PMCID: PMC10954601 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-024-00176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subgroup of T-cell lymphocytes that is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive immune responses. Depending on their differentiation route, Tregs can be subdivided into thymically derived Tregs (tTregs) and peripherally induced Tregs (pTregs), which originate from conventional T cells after extrathymic differentiation at peripheral sites. Although the regulatory attributes of tTregs and pTregs partially overlap, their modes of action, protein expression profiles, and functional stability exhibit specific characteristics unique to each subset. Over the last few years, our knowledge of Treg differentiation, maturation, plasticity, and correlations between their phenotypes and functions has increased. Genetic and functional studies in patients with numeric and functional Treg deficiencies have contributed to our mechanistic understanding of immune dysregulation and autoimmune pathologies. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of Treg biology, discusses monogenetic Treg pathologies and explores the role of Tregs in various other autoimmune disorders. Additionally, we discuss novel approaches that explore Tregs as targets or agents of innovative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Sybille Landwehr-Kenzel
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
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Li Y, Zhang C, Jiang A, Lin A, Liu Z, Cheng X, Wang W, Cheng Q, Zhang J, Wei T, Luo P. Potential anti-tumor effects of regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment: a review. J Transl Med 2024; 22:293. [PMID: 38509593 PMCID: PMC10953261 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing the transcription factor FoxP3 are essential for maintaining immunological balance and are a significant component of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-seq) technology has shown that Tregs exhibit significant plasticity and functional diversity in various tumors within the TME. This results in Tregs playing a dual role in the TME, which is not always centered around supporting tumor progression as typically believed. Abundant data confirms the anti-tumor activities of Tregs and their correlation with enhanced patient prognosis in specific types of malignancies. In this review, we summarize the potential anti-tumor actions of Tregs, including suppressing tumor-promoting inflammatory responses and boosting anti-tumor immunity. In addition, this study outlines the spatial and temporal variations in Tregs function to emphasize that their predictive significance in malignancies may change. It is essential to comprehend the functional diversity and potential anti-tumor effects of Tregs to improve tumor therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiangshu Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road. Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongiiang, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ting Wei
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peng Luo
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Yang TT, Liu PJ, Sun QY, Wang ZY, Yuan GB, Fan ZX, Ma L, Lu JF, Yuan BY, Zou WL, Zhao LM, Li Q, Liu GZ. CD4 +CD25 + regulatory T cells ex vivo generated from autologous naïve CD4 + T cells suppress EAE progression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6262. [PMID: 38491084 PMCID: PMC10943184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis in multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, we aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy and safety of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) utilizing induced antigen-specific Tregs in an animal model of MS, that is, in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. B cells from EAE model that were activated with soluble CD40L were used as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to induce the differentiation of antigen-specific Tregs from naïve CD4 precursors, and then, a stepwise isolation of CD4+CD25highCD127low Tregs was performed using a flow sorter. All EAE mice were divided into Treg-treated group (2 × 104 cells in 0.2 mL per mouse, n = 14) and sham-treated group (0.2 mL normal saline (NS), n = 20), which were observed daily for clinical assessment, and for abnormal appearance for 6 weeks. Afterward, histological analysis, immunofluorescence and real-time PCR were performed. Compared to sham-treated mice, Treg-treated mice exhibited a significant decrease in disease severity scores and reduced inflammatory infiltration and demyelination in the spinal cord. Additionally, Tregs-treated mice demonstrated higher CCN3 protein and mRNA levels than sham-treated mice. The results of this preclinical study further support the therapeutic potential of this ACT approach in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pen-Ju Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Hai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Bin Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Xin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Lu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Long Zou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Min Zhao
- Experimental Center, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Khan A, Roy P, Ley K. Breaking tolerance: the autoimmune aspect of atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01010-y. [PMID: 38472321 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial walls and is characterized by the accumulation of lipoproteins that are insufficiently cleared by phagocytes. Following the initiation of atherosclerosis, the pathological progression is accelerated by engagement of the adaptive immune system. Atherosclerosis triggers the breakdown of tolerance to self-components. This loss of tolerance is reflected in defective expression of immune checkpoint molecules, dysfunctional antigen presentation, and aberrations in T cell populations - most notably in regulatory T (Treg) cells - and in the production of autoantibodies. The breakdown of tolerance to self-proteins that is observed in ASCVD may be linked to the conversion of Treg cells to 'exTreg' cells because many Treg cells in ASCVD express T cell receptors that are specific for self-epitopes. Alternatively, or in addition, breakdown of tolerance may trigger the activation of naive T cells, resulting in the clonal expansion of T cell populations with pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic effector phenotypes. In this Perspective, we review the evidence that atherosclerosis is associated with a breakdown of tolerance to self-antigens, discuss possible immunological mechanisms and identify knowledge gaps to map out future research. Rational approaches aimed at re-establishing immune tolerance may become game changers in treating ASCVD and in preventing its downstream sequelae, which include heart attacks and strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khan
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Payel Roy
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Shouse AN, LaPorte KM, Malek TR. Interleukin-2 signaling in the regulation of T cell biology in autoimmunity and cancer. Immunity 2024; 57:414-428. [PMID: 38479359 PMCID: PMC11126276 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a critical cytokine for T cell peripheral tolerance and immunity. Here, we review how IL-2 interaction with the high-affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) supports the development and homeostasis of regulatory T cells and contributes to the differentiation of helper, cytotoxic, and memory T cells. A critical element for each T cell population is the expression of CD25 (Il2rα), which heightens the receptor affinity for IL-2. Signaling through the high-affinity IL-2R also reinvigorates CD8+ exhausted T (Tex) cells in response to checkpoint blockade. We consider the molecular underpinnings reflecting how IL-2R signaling impacts these various T cell subsets and the implications for enhancing IL-2-dependent immunotherapy of autoimmunity, other inflammatory disorders, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acacia N Shouse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kathryn M LaPorte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Thomas R Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Madruga MP, Grun LK, Santos LSMD, Friedrich FO, Antunes DB, Rocha MEF, Silva PL, Dorneles GP, Teixeira PC, Oliveira TF, Romão PRT, Santos L, Moreira JCF, Michaelsen VS, Cypel M, Antunes MOB, Jones MH, Barbé-Tuana FM, Bauer ME. Excess of body weight is associated with accelerated T-cell senescence in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:17. [PMID: 38454515 PMCID: PMC10921685 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several risk factors have been involved in the poor clinical progression of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), including ageing, and obesity. SARS-CoV-2 may compromise lung function through cell damage and paracrine inflammation; and obesity has been associated with premature immunosenescence, microbial translocation, and dysfunctional innate immune responses leading to poor immune response against a range of viruses and bacterial infections. Here, we have comprehensively characterized the immunosenescence, microbial translocation, and immune dysregulation established in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with different degrees of body weight. RESULTS Hospitalised COVID-19 patients with overweight and obesity had similarly higher plasma LPS and sCD14 levels than controls (all p < 0.01). Patients with obesity had higher leptin levels than controls. Obesity and overweight patients had similarly higher expansions of classical monocytes and immature natural killer (NK) cells (CD56+CD16-) than controls. In contrast, reduced proportions of intermediate monocytes, mature NK cells (CD56+CD16+), and NKT were found in both groups of patients than controls. As expected, COVID-19 patients had a robust expansion of plasmablasts, contrasting to lower proportions of major T-cell subsets (CD4 + and CD8+) than controls. Concerning T-cell activation, overweight and obese patients had lower proportions of CD4+CD38+ cells than controls. Contrasting changes were reported in CD25+CD127low/neg regulatory T cells, with increased and decreased proportions found in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively. There were similar proportions of T cells expressing checkpoint inhibitors across all groups. We also investigated distinct stages of T-cell differentiation (early, intermediate, and late-differentiated - TEMRA). The intermediate-differentiated CD4 + T cells and TEMRA cells (CD4+ and CD8+) were expanded in patients compared to controls. Senescent T cells can also express NK receptors (NKG2A/D), and patients had a robust expansion of CD8+CD57+NKG2A+ cells than controls. Unbiased immune profiling further confirmed the expansions of senescent T cells in COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that dysregulated immune cells, microbial translocation, and T-cell senescence may partially explain the increased vulnerability to COVID-19 in subjects with excess of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailton Prestes Madruga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Kich Grun
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícya Simone Melo Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Bitencourt Antunes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcella Elesbão Fogaça Rocha
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luis Silva
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilson P Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Coelho Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Franco Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro R T Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santos
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IB-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Claudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IB-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Schenk Michaelsen
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcos Otávio Brum Antunes
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcus Herbert Jones
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Florencia María Barbé-Tuana
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Moisés Evandro Bauer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, building 12 (4th floor), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, RS, Brazil.
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Qin D, Zhang Y, Shu P, Lei Y, Li X, Wang Y. Targeting tumor-infiltrating tregs for improved antitumor responses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1325946. [PMID: 38500876 PMCID: PMC10944859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), as crucial components of the tumor immune environment, has great therapeutic potential. However, nonspecific inhibition of Tregs in therapies may not lead to enhanced antitumor responses, but could also trigger autoimmune reactions in patients, resulting in intolerable treatment side effects. Hence, the precision targeting and inhibition of tumor-infiltrating Tregs is of paramount importance. In this overview, we summarize the characteristics and subpopulations of Tregs within tumor microenvironment and their inhibitory mechanisms in antitumor responses. Furthermore, we discuss the current major strategies targeting regulatory T cells, weighing their advantages and limitations, and summarize representative clinical trials targeting Tregs in cancer treatment. We believe that developing therapies that specifically target and suppress tumor-infiltrating Tregs holds great promise for advancing immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyuan Qin
- Cancer Center, Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yugu Zhang
- Cancer Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Shu
- Cancer Center, Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanna Lei
- Cancer Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Cancer Center, Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Cancer Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Su J, Mao X, Wang L, Chen Z, Wang W, Zhao C, Li G, Guo W, Hu Y. Lactate/GPR81 recruits regulatory T cells by modulating CX3CL1 to promote immune resistance in a highly glycolytic gastric cancer. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2320951. [PMID: 38419759 PMCID: PMC10900271 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2320951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactate plays an important role in shaping immune tolerance in tumor microenvironment (TME) and correlates with poor prognosis in various solid tumors. Overcoming the immune resistance in an acidic TME may improve the anti-tumor immunity. Here, this study elucidated that via G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81), lactate could modulate immune tolerance in TME by recruiting regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro and in vivo. A high concentration of lactate was detected in cell supernatant and tissues of gastric cancer (GC), which was modulated by lactic dehydrogenase A (LDHA). GPR81 was the natural receptor of lactate and was overexpressed in different GC cell lines and samples, which correlated with poor outcomes in GC patients. Lactate/GPR81 signaling could promote the infiltration of Tregs into TME by inducing the expression of chemokine CX3CL1. GPR81 deficiency could decrease the infiltration of Tregs into TME, thereby inhibiting GC progression by weakening the inhibition of CD8+T cell function in a humanized mouse model. In conclusion, targeting the lactate/GPR81 signaling may potentially serve as a critical process to overcome immune resistance in highly glycolytic GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Su
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhuzhou Hospital affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Mao
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhian Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiyin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Mathew JM, Sanders JM, Cirocco R, Miller J, Leventhal JR. Differentiation of regulatory myeloid and T-cells from adult human hematopoietic stem cells after allogeneic stimulation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1366972. [PMID: 38455047 PMCID: PMC10918006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Donor hematopoietic stem cell (DHSC) infusions are increasingly being studied in transplant patients for tolerance induction. Methods To analyze the fate of infused DHSCs in patients, we developed an in vitro culture system utilizing CD34+DHSCs stimulated with irradiated allogeneic cells in cytokine supplemented medium long-term. Results Flow cytometric analyses revealed loss of the CD34 marker and an increase in CD33+ myeloid and CD3+ T-cell proportion by 10.4% and 72.7%, respectively, after 21 days in culture. T-cells primarily expressed TcR-αβ and were of both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. Approximately 80% of CD3+ T cells lacked expression of the co-stimulatory receptor CD28. The CD4+ compartment was predominated by CD4+CD25+CD127-FOXP3+ Tregs (>50% CD4+CD127- compartment) with <1% of all leukocytes exhibiting a CD4+CD127+ phenotype. Molecular analyses for T-cell receptor excision circles showed recent and increased numbers of TcR rearrangements in generated T cells over time suggesting de novo differentiation from DHSCs. CD33+ myeloid cells mostly expressed HLA-DR, but lacked expression of co-stimulatory receptors CD80 and CD83. When studied as modulators in primary mixed lymphocyte reactions where the cells used to stimulate the DHSC were used as responders, the DHSC-lines and their purified CD8+, CD4+, CD33+ and linage negative subsets inhibited the responses in a dose-dependent and non-specific fashion. The CD8+ cell-mediated inhibition was due to direct lysis of responder cells. Discussion Extrapolation of these results into the clinical situation would suggest that DHSC infusions into transplant recipients may generate multiple subsets of donor "chimeric" cells and promote recipient Treg development that could regulate the anti-donor immune response in the periphery. These studies have also indicated that T cell maturation can occur in vitro in response to allogeneic stimulation without the pre-requisite of a thymic-like environment or NOTCH signaling stimulatory cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Mathew
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jes M. Sanders
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert Cirocco
- HLA Laboratory, LeHigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, United States
| | - Joshua Miller
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joseph R. Leventhal
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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45
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de Silva TA, Apte S, Voisey J, Spann K, Tan M, Chambers D, O'Sullivan B. Immunological Landscapes in Lung Transplantation: Insights from T Cell Profiling in BAL and PBMC. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2476. [PMID: 38473722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung transplant recipients frequently encounter immune-related complications, including chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Monitoring immune cells within the lung microenvironment is pivotal for optimizing post-transplant outcomes. This study examined the proportion of T cell subsets in paired bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral PBMC comparing healthy (n = 4) and lung transplantation patients (n = 6, no CLAD and n = 14 CLAD) using 14-color flow cytometry. CD4+ T cell proportions were reduced in CD3 cells in both PBMC and BAL, and positive correlations were discerned between T cell populations in peripheral PBMC and BAL, suggesting the prospect of employing less invasive PBMC sampling as a means of monitoring lung T cells. Furthermore, regulatory T cells (Tregs) were enriched in BAL when compared to peripheral PBMC for transplant recipients. A parallel positive correlation emerged between Treg proportions in BAL and peripheral PBMC, underscoring potential avenues for monitoring lung Tregs. Finally, the most promising biomarker was the Teff (CD8+Granzyme B+)-Treg ratio, which was higher in both the PBMC and BAL of transplant recipients compared to healthy individuals, and increased in the patients with CLAD compared to no CLAD and healthy patients. Conclusions: Distinct T cell profiles in BAL and peripheral PBMC underscore the significance of localized immune monitoring in lung transplantation. The Teff (CD8+granzyme B+)-Treg ratio, particularly within the context of CLAD, emerges as a promising blood and BAL biomarker reflective of inflammation and transplant-related complications. These findings emphasize the imperative need for personalized immune monitoring strategies that tailored to address the unique immunological milieu in post-transplant lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharushi Ayanthika de Silva
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Ground Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Simon Apte
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Ground Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Facility of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Joanne Voisey
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Kirsten Spann
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Maxine Tan
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Ground Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Facility of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Daniel Chambers
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Ground Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Facility of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Brendan O'Sullivan
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Ground Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Facility of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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46
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Kline K, Luetkens T, Koka R, Kallen ME, Chen W, Ahmad H, Omili D, Iraguha T, Gebru E, Fan X, Miller A, Dishanthan N, Baker JM, Dietze KA, Hankey KG, Yared JA, Hardy NM, Rapoport AP, Dahiya S, Atanackovic D. Treatment of secondary CNS lymphoma using CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:45. [PMID: 38349430 PMCID: PMC10864416 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive B cell lymphoma with secondary central nervous system (CNS) involvement (SCNSL) carries a dismal prognosis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (CAR-T) targeting CD19 have revolutionized the treatment for B cell lymphomas; however, only single cases with CNS manifestations successfully treated with CD19 CAR-T have been reported. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 4 patients with SCNSL into our study to assess clinical responses and monitor T cell immunity. RESULTS Two of four SNCSL patients responded to the CD19-targeted CAR-T. Only one patient showed a substantial expansion of peripheral (PB) CAR-T cells with an almost 100-fold increase within the first week after CAR-T. The same patient also showed marked neurotoxicity and progression of the SNCSL despite continuous surface expression of CD19 on the lymphoma cells and an accumulation of CD4+ central memory-type CAR-T cells in the CNS. Our studies indicate that the local production of chemokine IP-10, possibly through its receptor CXCR3 expressed on our patient's CAR-T, could potentially have mediated the local accumulation of functionally suboptimal anti-tumor T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate expansion and homing of CAR-T cells into the CNS in SNCSL patients. Local production of chemokines such as IP-10 may support CNS infiltration by CAR-T cells but also carry the potential of amplifying local toxicity. Future studies investigating numbers, phenotype, and function of CAR-T in the different body compartments of SNSCL patients receiving CAR-T will help to improve local delivery of "fit" and highly tumor-reactive CAR-T with low off-target reactivity into the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Kline
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tim Luetkens
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rima Koka
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Kallen
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wengen Chen
- Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haroon Ahmad
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Destiny Omili
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thierry Iraguha
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Etse Gebru
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexis Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nishanthini Dishanthan
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jillian M Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth A Dietze
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kim G Hankey
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jean A Yared
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nancy M Hardy
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron P Rapoport
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saurabh Dahiya
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Djordje Atanackovic
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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47
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Mehta JM, Hiremath SC, Chilimba C, Ghasemi A, Weaver JD. Translation of cell therapies to treat autoimmune disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 205:115161. [PMID: 38142739 PMCID: PMC10843859 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a diverse and complex set of chronic disorders with a substantial impact on patient quality of life and a significant global healthcare burden. Current approaches to autoimmune disease treatment comprise broadly acting immunosuppressive drugs that lack disease specificity, possess limited efficacy, and confer undesirable side effects. Additionally, there are limited treatments available to restore organs and tissues damaged during the course of autoimmune disease progression. Cell therapies are an emergent area of therapeutics with the potential to address both autoimmune disease immune dysfunction as well as autoimmune disease-damaged tissue and organ systems. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of common autoimmune disorders and the state-of-the-art in cell therapy approaches to (1) regenerate or replace autoimmune disease-damaged tissue and (2) eliminate pathological immune responses in autoimmunity. Finally, we discuss critical considerations for the translation of cell products to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinal M Mehta
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shivani C Hiremath
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Chishiba Chilimba
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Azin Ghasemi
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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48
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Kathari YK, Ahmad H, Kallen ME, Koka R, Omili D, Iraguha T, Clement J, Pham L, Khalid M, Fan X, Gebru E, Lesho P, Park E, Dishanthan N, Baker JM, Dietze KA, Hankey KG, Badros A, Yared JA, Dahiya S, Hardy NM, Kocoglu H, Luetkens T, Rapoport AP, Atanackovic D. Immune-mediated facial nerve paralysis in a myeloma patient post B-cell maturation antigen-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Haematologica 2024; 109:682-688. [PMID: 37675514 PMCID: PMC10828766 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yamini K Kathari
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Haroon Ahmad
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael E Kallen
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rima Koka
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Destiny Omili
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thierry Iraguha
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jean Clement
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lily Pham
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mazhar Khalid
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Etse Gebru
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Patricia Lesho
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Esther Park
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nishanthini Dishanthan
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jillian M Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kenneth A Dietze
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kim G Hankey
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ashraf Badros
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jean A Yared
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Saurabh Dahiya
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Nancy M Hardy
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hakan Kocoglu
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tim Luetkens
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aaron P Rapoport
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Djordje Atanackovic
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
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49
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Milanović M, Bekić M, Đokić J, Vučević D, Čolić M, Tomić S. Exogenous α-ketoglutarate Modulates Redox Metabolism and Functions of Human Dendritic Cells, Altering Their Capacity to Polarise T Cell Response. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:1064-1087. [PMID: 38322117 PMCID: PMC10845299 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.91109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) emerged as a key regulator of energetic and redox metabolism in cells, affecting the immune response in various conditions. However, it remained unclear how the exogenous αKG modulates the functions of dendritic cells (DCs), key cells regulating T-cell response. Here we found that non-toxic doses of αKG display anti-inflammatory properties in human APC-T cell interaction models. In a model of monocyte-derived (mo)DCs, αKG impaired the differentiation, and the maturation of moDCs induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN)-γ, and decreased their capacity to induce Th1 cells. However, αKG also promoted IL-1β secretion by mature moDCs, despite inflammasome downregulation, potentiating their Th17 polarizing capacity. αKG induced the expression of anti-oxidative enzymes and hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-1α in moDCs, activated Akt/FoxO1 pathway and increased autophagy flux, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. This correlated with a higher capacity of immature αKG-moDCs to induce Th2 cells, and conventional regulatory T cells in an indolamine-dioxygenase (IDO)-1-dependent manner. Additionally, αKG increased moDCs' capacity to induce non-conventional T regulatory (Tr)-1 and IL-10-producing CD8+T cells via up-regulated immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT3) expression in OXPHOS-dependent manner. These results suggested that exogenous αKG-altered redox metabolism in moDCs contributed to their tolerogenic properties, which could be relevant for designing more efficient therapeutic approaches in DCs-mediated immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Milanović
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Bekić
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Institute for Molecular Genetics and Genetical Engineering, University in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Vučević
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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50
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Singh R, Srivastava P, Manna PP. Evaluation of regulatory T-cells in cancer immunotherapy: therapeutic relevance of immune checkpoint inhibition. Med Oncol 2024; 41:59. [PMID: 38238513 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of the complex immune system is equipped to defend against perilous intruders and concurrently negatively regulate the deleterious effect of immune-mediated inflammation caused by self and nonself antigens. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are specialized cells that minimize immune-mediated inflammation, but in malignancies, this feature has been exploited toward cancer progression by keeping the antitumor immune response in check. The modulation of Treg cell infiltration and their induction in the TME (tumor microenvironment) alongside associated inhibitory molecules, both soluble or membranes tethered in the TME, have proven clinically beneficial in boosting the tumoricidal activity of the immune system. Moreover, Treg-associated immune checkpoints pose a greater obstruction in cancer immunotherapy. Inhibiting or blocking active immune checkpoint signaling in combination with other therapies has proven clinically beneficial. This review summarizes the ontogeny of Treg cells and their migration, stability, and function in the TME. We also elucidate the Treg-associated checkpoint moieties that impede effective antitumor activity and harness these molecules for effective and targeted immunotherapy against cancer nuisance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Singh
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Prateek Srivastava
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Partha Pratim Manna
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India.
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