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Kanno T, Miyako K, Endo Y. Lipid metabolism: a central modulator of RORγt-mediated Th17 cell differentiation. Int Immunol 2024; 36:487-496. [PMID: 38824406 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the T helper cell subsets, Th17 cells contribute to the development of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, steroid-resistant asthma, and multiple sclerosis. Retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), a nuclear hormone receptor, serves as a master transcription factor for Th17 cell differentiation. Recent findings have shown that modulating the metabolic pathway is critical for Th17 cell differentiation, particularly through the engagement of de novo lipid biosynthesis. Suppression of lipid biosynthesis, either through the pharmacological inhibition or gene deletion of related enzymes in CD4+ T cells, results in significant impairment of Th17 cell differentiation. Mechanistic studies indicate that metabolic fluxes through both the fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways have a pivotal role in the regulation of RORγt activity through the generation of endogenous RORγt lipid ligands. This review discusses recent discoveries highlighting the importance of lipid metabolism in Th17 cell differentiation and function, as well as exploring specific molecular pathways involved in RORγt activation through cellular lipid metabolism. We further elaborate on a pioneering therapeutic approach to improve inflammatory and autoimmune disorders via the inhibition of RORγt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyako
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
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2
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Briganti S, Mosca S, Di Nardo A, Flori E, Ottaviani M. New Insights into the Role of PPARγ in Skin Physiopathology. Biomolecules 2024; 14:728. [PMID: 38927131 PMCID: PMC11201613 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor expressed in many tissues, including skin, where it is essential for maintaining skin barrier permeability, regulating cell proliferation/differentiation, and modulating antioxidant and inflammatory responses upon ligand binding. Therefore, PPARγ activation has important implications for skin homeostasis. Over the past 20 years, with increasing interest in the role of PPARs in skin physiopathology, considerable effort has been devoted to the development of PPARγ ligands as a therapeutic option for skin inflammatory disorders. In addition, PPARγ also regulates sebocyte differentiation and lipid production, making it a potential target for inflammatory sebaceous disorders such as acne. A large number of studies suggest that PPARγ also acts as a skin tumor suppressor in both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers, but its role in tumorigenesis remains controversial. In this review, we have summarized the current state of research into the role of PPARγ in skin health and disease and how this may provide a starting point for the development of more potent and selective PPARγ ligands with a low toxicity profile, thereby reducing unwanted side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (S.M.); (A.D.N.); (M.O.)
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3
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Bánáti D, Hellman-Regen J, Mack I, Young HA, Benton D, Eggersdorfer M, Rohn S, Dulińska-Litewka J, Krężel W, Rühl R. Defining a vitamin A5/X specific deficiency - vitamin A5/X as a critical dietary factor for mental health. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:443-475. [PMID: 38904956 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
A healthy and balanced diet is an important factor to assure a good functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system. Retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated signaling was identified as an important mechanism of transmitting major diet-dependent physiological and nutritional signaling such as the control of myelination and dopamine signalling. Recently, vitamin A5/X, mainly present in vegetables as provitamin A5/X, was identified as a new concept of a vitamin which functions as the nutritional precursor for enabling RXR-mediated signaling. The active form of vitamin A5/X, 9-cis-13,14-dehydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), induces RXR-activation, thereby acting as the central switch for enabling various heterodimer-RXR-signaling cascades involving various partner heterodimers like the fatty acid and eicosanoid receptors/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), the cholesterol receptors/liver X receptors (LXRs), the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the vitamin A(1) receptors/retinoic acid receptors (RARs). Thus, nutritional supply of vitamin A5/X might be a general nutritional-dependent switch for enabling this large cascade of hormonal signaling pathways and thus appears important to guarantee an overall organism homeostasis. RXR-mediated signaling was shown to be dependent on vitamin A5/X with direct effects for beneficial physiological and neuro-protective functions mediated systemically or directly in the brain. In summary, through control of dopamine signaling, amyloid β-clearance, neuro-protection and neuro-inflammation, the vitamin A5/X - RXR - RAR - vitamin A(1)-signaling might be "one of" or even "the" critical factor(s) necessary for good mental health, healthy brain aging, as well as for preventing drug addiction and prevention of a large array of nervous system diseases. Likewise, vitamin A5/X - RXR - non-RAR-dependent signaling relevant for myelination/re-myelination and phagocytosis/brain cleanup will contribute to such regulations too. In this review we discuss the basic scientific background, logical connections and nutritional/pharmacological expert recommendations for the nervous system especially considering the ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Bánáti
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Julian Hellman-Regen
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Section Neurobiology, University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hayley A Young
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, UK
| | - David Benton
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, UK
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Healthy Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Wojciech Krężel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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4
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da Silva MI, Oli N, Gambonini F, Ott T. Effects of parity and early pregnancy on peripheral blood leukocytes in dairy cattle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.06.592827. [PMID: 38766084 PMCID: PMC11100682 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Subfertility remains a major problem in the dairy industry. Only 35-40% of high-yielding dairy cows and 55-65% of nonlactating heifers become pregnant after their first service. The immune system plays a critical role in the establishment of pregnancy. However, it can also create challenges for embryo survival and contribute to reduced fertility. We conducted 2 separate experiments to characterize changes in subsets of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and their phenotype over the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in heifers and cows. We used flow cytometry and RT-qPCR to assess protein and mRNA expression of molecules important for immune function. We observed that monocytes and T cells were most affected by pregnancy status in heifers, whereas, CD8+ lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells were most affected during early pregnancy in cows. Changes in immune parameters measured appeared to be greater in heifers than cows including changes in expression of numerous immune function molecules. To test the hypothesis, we conducted a third experiment to simultaneously analyze the immunological responses to pregnancy between cows and heifers. We observed that cows had greater expression of proinflammatory cytokines and molecules associated with leukocyte migration and phagocytosis compared to heifers. Moreover, animals that failed to become pregnant showed altered expression of anti-inflammatory molecules. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that early pregnancy signaling alters the proportions and functions of peripheral blood immune cells and differences between cows and heifers may yield insight into the reduced fertility of mature lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - N Oli
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - F Gambonini
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - T Ott
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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5
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Huang X, Lowrie DB, Fan XY, Hu Z. Natural products in anti-tuberculosis host-directed therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116087. [PMID: 38171242 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Given that the disease progression of tuberculosis (TB) is primarily related to the host's immune status, it has been gradually realized that chemotherapy that targets the bacteria may never, on its own, wholly eradicate Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. The concept of host-directed therapy (HDT) with immune adjuvants has emerged. HDT could potentially interfere with infection and colonization by the pathogens, enhance the protective immune responses of hosts, suppress the overwhelming inflammatory responses, and help to attain a state of homeostasis that favors treatment efficacy. However, the HDT drugs currently being assessed in combination with anti-TB chemotherapy still face the dilemmas arising from side effects and high costs. Natural products are well suited to compensate for these shortcomings by having gentle modulatory effects on the host immune responses with less immunopathological damage at a lower cost. In this review, we first summarize the profiles of anti-TB immunology and the characteristics of HDT. Then, we focus on the rationale and challenges of developing and implementing natural products-based HDT. A succinct report of the medications currently being evaluated in clinical trials and preclinical studies is provided. This review aims to promote target-based screening and accelerate novel TB drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Huang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Douglas B Lowrie
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Fan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Zhidong Hu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
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Kapnick SM, Martin CA, Jewell CM. Engineering metabolism to modulate immunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 204:115122. [PMID: 37935318 PMCID: PMC10843796 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic programming and reprogramming have emerged as pivotal mechanisms for altering immune cell function. Thus, immunometabolism has become an attractive target area for treatment of immune-mediated disorders. Nonetheless, many hurdles to delivering metabolic cues persist. In this review, we consider how biomaterials are poised to transform manipulation of immune cell metabolism through integrated control of metabolic configurations to affect outcomes in autoimmunity, regeneration, transplant, and cancer. We emphasize the features of nanoparticles and other biomaterials that permit delivery of metabolic cues to the intracellular compartment of immune cells, or strategies for altering signals in the extracellular space. We then provide perspectives on the potential for reciprocal regulation of immunometabolism by the physical properties of materials themselves. Lastly, opportunities for clinical translation are highlighted. This discussion contributes to our understanding of immunometabolism, biomaterials-based strategies for altering metabolic configurations in immune cells, and emerging concepts in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senta M Kapnick
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10 N Green Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Corinne A Martin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10 N Green Street, Baltimore, MD, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 22 S Greene Street, Suite N9E17, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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7
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Koh J, Woo YD, Yoo HJ, Choi JP, Kim SH, Chang YS, Jung KC, Kim JH, Jeon YK, Kim HY, Chung DH. De novo fatty-acid synthesis protects invariant NKT cells from cell death, thereby promoting their homeostasis and pathogenic roles in airway hyperresponsiveness. eLife 2023; 12:RP87536. [PMID: 37917548 PMCID: PMC10622147 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural-killer T (iNKT) cells play pathogenic roles in allergic asthma in murine models and possibly also humans. While many studies show that the development and functions of innate and adaptive immune cells depend on their metabolic state, the evidence for this in iNKT cells is very limited. It is also not clear whether such metabolic regulation of iNKT cells could participate in their pathogenic activities in asthma. Here, we showed that acetyl-coA-carboxylase 1 (ACC1)-mediated de novo fatty-acid synthesis is required for the survival of iNKT cells and their deleterious functions in allergic asthma. ACC1, which is a key fatty-acid synthesis enzyme, was highly expressed by lung iNKT cells from WT mice that were developing asthma. Cd4-Cre::Acc1fl/fl mice failed to develop OVA-induced and HDM-induced asthma. Moreover, iNKT cell-deficient mice that were reconstituted with ACC1-deficient iNKT cells failed to develop asthma, unlike when WT iNKT cells were transferred. ACC1 deficiency in iNKT cells associated with reduced expression of fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, but increased glycolytic capacity that promoted iNKT-cell death. Furthermore, circulating iNKT cells from allergic-asthma patients expressed higher ACC1 and PPARG levels than the corresponding cells from non-allergic-asthma patients and healthy individuals. Thus, de novo fatty-acid synthesis prevents iNKT-cell death via an ACC1-FABP-PPARγ axis, which contributes to their homeostasis and their pathogenic roles in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Duk Woo
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Yoo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccine Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Pyo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Council, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Council, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccine Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Schiffmann D, Lampkemeyer V, Lindner M, Fleck AK, Koch K, Eschborn M, Liebmann M, Strecker JK, Minnerup J, Wiendl H, Klotz L. Endurance Exercise Attenuates Established Progressive Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Is Associated with an Amelioration of Innate Immune Responses in NOD Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15798. [PMID: 37958787 PMCID: PMC10648469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease causing axonal degeneration and demyelination. Exercise in mice with active monophasic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) attenuates disease severity associated with diverse impacts on T cell-mediated immunity. However, studies have so far focused on preventive approaches. In this study, we investigated the impact of endurance exercise on established EAE disease in a model of secondary progressive MS. When the exercise program on motorized running wheels was started at disease manifestation, the disease course was significantly ameliorated. This was associated with a significant decrease in B cell, dendritic cell, and neutrophil cell counts in the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, we observed an increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) as well as alterations in costimulatory molecule expression in CNS B cells and dendritic cells. In contrast, T cell responses were not altered in the CNS or periphery. Thus, exercise training is capable of attenuating the disease course even in established secondary progressive EAE, potentially via modulation of the innate immune compartment. Further studies are warranted to corroborate our findings and assess the potential of this lifestyle intervention as a complementary therapeutic strategy in secondary progressive MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (D.S.)
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Riaz F, Wei P, Pan F. PPARs at the crossroads of T cell differentiation and type 1 diabetes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292238. [PMID: 37928539 PMCID: PMC10623333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell-mediated autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells (β-cells). The increasing prevalence of T1D poses significant challenges to the healthcare system, particularly in countries with struggling economies. This review paper highlights the multifaceted roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in the context of T1D, shedding light on their potential as regulators of immune responses and β-cell biology. Recent research has elucidated the intricate interplay between CD4+ T cell subsets, such as Tregs and Th17, in developing autoimmune diseases like T1D. Th17 cells drive inflammation, while Tregs exert immunosuppressive functions, highlighting the delicate balance crucial for immune homeostasis. Immunotherapy has shown promise in reinstating self-tolerance and restricting the destruction of autoimmune responses, but further investigations are required to refine these therapeutic strategies. Intriguingly, PPARs, initially recognized for their role in lipid metabolism, have emerged as potent modulators of inflammation in autoimmune diseases, particularly in T1D. Although evidence suggests that PPARs affect the β-cell function, their influence on T-cell responses and their potential impact on T1D remains largely unexplored. It was noted that PPARα is involved in restricting the transcription of IL17A and enhancing the expression of Foxp3 by minimizing its proteasomal degradation. Thus, antagonizing PPARs may exert beneficial effects in regulating the differentiation of CD4+ T cells and preventing T1D. Therefore, this review advocates for comprehensive investigations to delineate the precise roles of PPARs in T1D pathogenesis, offering innovative therapeutic avenues that target both the immune system and pancreatic function. This review paper seeks to bridge the knowledge gap between PPARs, immune responses, and T1D, providing insights that may revolutionize the treatment landscape for this autoimmune disorder. Moreover, further studies involving PPAR agonists in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice hold promise for developing novel T1D therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Riaz
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
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Güzel N, Rink L, Fischer HJ. Zinc Modulates Glutamine Metabolism in T Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300155. [PMID: 37658486 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Zinc and glutamine are well known to be essential for the function and polarization of immune cells. TH 17 cells are more frequently induced during zinc deficiency and cover their energy requirement mainly through glutaminolysis. A dysregulation of TH 17 cells can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. Both inhibition of glutaminolysis and zinc supplementation suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether zinc modulates glutaminolysis in T cells. METHODS AND RESULTS CD3/CD28 stimulation and mixed lymphocytes culture are used as in vitro models for T cell activation. Then, the glutaminolysis is investigated on mRNA, protein, and functional level. Zinc deficiency and glutaminase (GLS) inhibition decrease immune responses in vitro. Furthermore, extracellular zinc and glutamine levels both modulate glutaminolysis by changing the expression of glutamine transporters and key enzymes. Intriguingly, zinc directly interferes with the activity of GLS both in a cell free system and in the cytosol. CONCLUSION Besides T cell subset differentiation, zinc also impacts on the cellular metabolism by inhibiting glutaminolysis. This suggests that zinc deficiency can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases whereas zinc supplementation can support their therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nergis Güzel
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henrike Josephine Fischer
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Miao Y, Wu X, Xue X, Ma X, Yang L, Zeng X, Hu Y, Dai Y, Wei Z. Morin, the PPARγ agonist, inhibits Th17 differentiation by limiting fatty acid synthesis in collagen-induced arthritis. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1433-1452. [PMID: 36121554 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
T helper (Th) 17 cells highly contribute to the immunopathology of rheumatoid arthritis. Morin, a natural flavonoid, owns well anti-arthritic action but unclear effect on Th17 differentiation. This study tried to solve this issue and explore the mechanisms in view of cellular metabolism. Naïve CD4+ T cells were treated with anti-CD3/CD28 along with Th17-inducing cytokines. Morin was shown to block Th17 differentiation without affecting cell viability even when Foxp3 was dampened. The mechanisms were ascribed to the limited fatty acid synthesis by restricting FASN transcription, as indicated by metabolomics analysis, nile red staining, detection of triglycerides, FASN overexpression, and addition of palmitic acid. Moreover, morin had slight effect on cell apoptosis and protein palmitoylation during Th17 differentiation, but blocked the binding of RORγt to promoter and CNS2 region of Il17a gene. Oleic acid rescued the inhibition of morin on RORγt function, and Th17-inducing cytokines could not induce RORγt function in SCD1-defficient cells, suggesting that oleic acid but not palmitic acid was the direct effector in the action of morin. Then, PPARγ was identified as the target of morin, and GW9662 or PPARγ CRISPR/Cas9 KO plasmid weakened its above-mentioned effects. The transrepression of FASN by morin was owing to physical interaction between PPARγ and Sp1, and the importance of Sp1 in Th17 differentiation was confirmed by siSp1. Finally, the effects and mechanisms for morin-dampened Th17 responses were confirmed in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. Collectively, morin inhibited Th17 differentiation and alleviated CIA by limiting fatty acid synthesis subsequent to PPARγ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Miao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinru Xue
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xingyu Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuxiao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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12
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Wei P, Kou W, Fu J, Chen Z, Pan F. Pparα knockout in mice increases the Th17 development by facilitating the IKKα/RORγt and IKKα/Foxp3 complexes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:721. [PMID: 37452099 PMCID: PMC10349144 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The helper CD4+ T cell-type 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) are balanced through numerous molecular regulators, particularly metabolic factors, and their alteration causes immune dysregulation. Herein, we report that peroxisome proliferator of activated receptor-alpha (Pparα), a lipid metabolism regulator, suppresses Th17 differentiation. We demonstrated that Pparα ablation improves Th17 and pro-Th17 factor HIF-1α by enhancing the expression and nuclear localization of NFκB-activator IκB kinase-alpha (IKKα). Unexpectedly, we found that IKKα directly interacts with RORγt and enhances the expression of Il17a gene. Meanwhile, IKKα also interacts with Foxp3, leading to the post-translational regulation of Foxp3 by elevating its proteasomal degradation, and influencing Th17 development. Pparα deficiency leads to enhanced Th17 development in vivo and is associated with enhanced pathology in a murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Overall, our data indicate that Pparα may serve as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Kou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Juan Fu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zuojia Chen
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fan Pan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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13
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Tsuji A, Yoshikawa S, Morikawa S, Ikeda Y, Taniguchi K, Sawamura H, Asai T, Matsuda S. Potential tactics with vitamin D and certain phytochemicals for enhancing the effectiveness of immune-checkpoint blockade therapies. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:460-473. [PMID: 37455830 PMCID: PMC10344894 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy strategies targeting immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) are revolutionizing oncology. However, its effectiveness is limited in part due to the loss of effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Interestingly, supplementation of vitamin D could abolish the repressive effect of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on CD8+ T cells, which might prevent the lymphocytopenia. In addition, vitamin D signaling could contribute to the differentiation of T-regulatory (Treg) cells associated with the expression of Treg markers such as forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and CTLA-4. Furthermore, vitamin D may be associated with the stimulation of innate immunity. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and estrogen receptor (ESR) signaling, and even the signaling from phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway could have inhibitory roles in carcinogenesis possibly via the modulation of immune checkpoint molecules. In some cases, certain small molecules including vitamin D could be a novel therapeutic modality with a promising potential for the better performance of immune checkpoint blockade cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Tsuji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Sayuri Yoshikawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Sae Morikawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yuka Ikeda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Kurumi Taniguchi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Haruka Sawamura
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoko Asai
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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14
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Szukiewicz D. Molecular Mechanisms for the Vicious Cycle between Insulin Resistance and the Inflammatory Response in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9818. [PMID: 37372966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive anabolic effects of insulin throughout the body, in addition to the control of glycemia, include ensuring lipid homeostasis and anti-inflammatory modulation, especially in adipose tissue (AT). The prevalence of obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, has been increasing worldwide on a pandemic scale with accompanying syndemic health problems, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance (IR), and diabetes. Impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin or IR paradoxically leads to diseases with an inflammatory component despite hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, an excess of visceral AT in obesity initiates chronic low-grade inflammatory conditions that interfere with insulin signaling via insulin receptors (INSRs). Moreover, in response to IR, hyperglycemia itself stimulates a primarily defensive inflammatory response associated with the subsequent release of numerous inflammatory cytokines and a real threat of organ function deterioration. In this review, all components of this vicious cycle are characterized with particular emphasis on the interplay between insulin signaling and both the innate and adaptive immune responses related to obesity. Increased visceral AT accumulation in obesity should be considered the main environmental factor responsible for the disruption in the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the immune system, resulting in autoimmunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Anjum NF, Shanmugarajan D, Prashantha Kumar BR, Faizan S, Durai P, Raju RM, Javid S, Purohit MN. Novel Derivatives of Eugenol as a New Class of PPARγ Agonists in Treating Inflammation: Design, Synthesis, SAR Analysis and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093899. [PMID: 37175309 PMCID: PMC10180488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to develop novel compounds from readily accessed natural products especially eugenol with potential biological activity. Eugenol, the principal chemical constituent of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) from the family Myrtaceae is renowned for its pharmacological properties, which include analgesic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. According to reports, PPARγ regulates inflammatory reactions. The synthesized compounds were structurally analyzed using FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and mass spectroscopy techniques. Molecular docking was performed to analyze binding free energy and important amino acids involved in the interaction between synthesized derivatives and the target protein. The development of the structure-activity relationship is based on computational studies. Additionally, the stability of the best-docked protein-ligand complexes was assessed using molecular dynamic modeling. The in-vitro PPARγ competitive binding Lanthascreen TR-FRET assay was used to confirm the affinity of compounds to the target protein. All the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for an in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using an albumin denaturation assay and HRBC membrane stabilization at varying concentrations from 6.25 to 400 µM. In this background, with the aid of computational research, we were able to design six novel derivatives of eugenol synthesized, analyzed, and utilized TR-FRET competitive binding assay to screen them for their ability to bind PPARγ. Anti-inflammatory activity evaluation through in vitro albumin denaturation and HRBC method revealed that 1f exhibits maximum inhibition of heat-induced albumin denaturation at 50% and 85% protection against HRBC lysis at 200 and 400 µM, respectively. Overall, we found novel derivatives of eugenol that could potentially reduce inflammation by PPARγ agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Fathima Anjum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Farooqia College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570 015, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - Dhivya Shanmugarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - B R Prashantha Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - Syed Faizan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - Priya Durai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - Ruby Mariam Raju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - Saleem Javid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Farooqia College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570 015, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - Madhusudan N Purohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
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Gencel-Augusto J, Su X, Qi Y, Whitley EM, Pant V, Xiong S, Shah V, Lin J, Perez E, Fiorotto ML, Mahmud I, Jain AK, Lorenzi PL, Navin NE, Richie ER, Lozano G. Dimeric p53 Mutant Elicits Unique Tumor-Suppressive Activities through an Altered Metabolic Program. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1230-1249. [PMID: 37067911 PMCID: PMC10164062 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-related alterations of the p53 tetramerization domain (TD) abrogate wild-type (WT) p53 function. They result in a protein that preferentially forms monomers or dimers, which are also normal p53 states under basal cellular conditions. However, their physiologic relevance is not well understood. We have established in vivo models for monomeric and dimeric p53, which model Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients with germline p53 TD alterations. p53 monomers are inactive forms of the protein. Unexpectedly, p53 dimers conferred some tumor suppression that is not mediated by canonical WT p53 activities. p53 dimers upregulate the PPAR pathway. These activities are associated with lower prevalence of thymic lymphomas and increased CD8+ T-cell differentiation. Lymphomas derived from dimeric p53 mice show cooperating alterations in the PPAR pathway, further implicating a role for these activities in tumor suppression. Our data reveal novel functions for p53 dimers and support the exploration of PPAR agonists as therapies. SIGNIFICANCE New mouse models with TP53R342P (monomer) or TP53A347D (dimer) mutations mimic Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Although p53 monomers lack function, p53 dimers conferred noncanonical tumor-suppressive activities. We describe novel activities for p53 dimers facilitated by PPARs and propose these are "basal" p53 activities. See related commentary by Stieg et al., p. 1046. See related article by Choe et al., p. 1250. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovanka Gencel-Augusto
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC)
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MDACC
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MDACC
| | | | - Vinod Pant
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC)
| | - Shunbin Xiong
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC)
| | - Vrutant Shah
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC)
| | - Jerome Lin
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC)
| | | | - Marta L. Fiorotto
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MDACC
- Metabolomics Core Facility, MDACC
| | - Abhinav K. Jain
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, MDACC
| | - Philip L. Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MDACC
- Metabolomics Core Facility, MDACC
| | - Nicholas E. Navin
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC)
| | - Ellen R. Richie
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, MDACC
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC)
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17
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Kanno T, Nakajima T, Miyako K, Endo Y. Lipid metabolism in Th17 cell function. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108411. [PMID: 37037407 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Among the subset of T helper cells, Th17 cells are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune disorders, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, steroid-resistant asthma, and multiple sclerosis. The master transcription factor retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), a nuclear hormone receptor, plays a vital role in inducing Th17-cell differentiation. Recent findings suggest that metabolic control is critical for Th17-cell differentiation, particularly through the engagement of de novo lipid biosynthesis. Inhibition of lipid biosynthesis, either through the use of pharmacological inhibitors or by the deficiency of related enzymes in CD4+ T cells, results in significant suppression of Th17-cell differentiation. Mechanistic studies indicate that metabolic fluxes through both the fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways are essential for controlling RORγt activity through the generation of a lipid ligand of RORγt. This review highlights recent findings that underscore the significant role of lipid metabolism in the differentiation and function of Th17 cells, as well as elucidating the distinctive molecular pathways that drive the activation of RORγt by cellular lipid metabolism. We further elaborate on a pioneering therapeutic approach for ameliorating autoimmune disorders via the inhibition of RORγt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyako
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
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18
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Erra Diaz F, Mazzitelli I, Bleichmar L, Melucci C, Thibodeau A, Dalotto Moreno T, Marches R, Rabinovich GA, Ucar D, Geffner J. Concomitant inhibition of PPARγ and mTORC1 induces the differentiation of human monocytes into highly immunogenic dendritic cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112156. [PMID: 36842088 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes can differentiate into macrophages (Mo-Macs) or dendritic cells (Mo-DCs). The cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces the differentiation of monocytes into Mo-Macs, while the combination of GM-CSF/interleukin (IL)-4 is widely used to generate Mo-DCs for clinical applications and to study human DC biology. Here, we report that pharmacological inhibition of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the presence of GM-CSF and the absence of IL-4 induces monocyte differentiation into Mo-DCs. Remarkably, we find that simultaneous inhibition of PPARγ and the nutrient sensor mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) induces the differentiation of Mo-DCs with stronger phenotypic stability, superior immunogenicity, and a transcriptional profile characterized by a strong type I interferon (IFN) signature, a lower expression of a large set of tolerogenic genes, and the differential expression of several transcription factors compared with GM-CSF/IL-4 Mo-DCs. Our findings uncover a pathway that tailors Mo-DC differentiation with potential implications in the fields of DC vaccination and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Erra Diaz
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Mazzitelli
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Bleichmar
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Melucci
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Asa Thibodeau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Tomás Dalotto Moreno
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Radu Marches
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Duygu Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Jorge Geffner
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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19
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Yero A, Bouassa RSM, Ancuta P, Estaquier J, Jenabian MA. Immuno-metabolic control of the balance between Th17-polarized and regulatory T-cells during HIV infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 69:1-13. [PMID: 36681548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Th17-polarized CD4+ effector T-cells together with their immunosuppressive regulatory T-cell (Treg) counterparts, with transcriptional profiles governed by the lineage transcription factors RORγt/RORC2 and FOXP3, respectively, are important gatekeepers at mucosal interfaces. Alterations in the Th17/Treg ratios, due to the rapid depletion of Th17 cells and increased Treg frequencies, are a hallmark of both HIV and SIV infections and a marker of disease progression. The shift in Th17/Treg balance, in favor of increased Treg frequencies, contributes to gut mucosal permeability, immune dysfunction, and microbial translocation, subsequently leading to chronic immune activation/inflammation and disease progression. Of particular interest, Th17 cells and Tregs share developmental routes, with changes in the Th17 versus Treg fate decision influencing the pro-inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory responses. The differentiation and function of Th17 cells and Tregs rely on independent yet complementary metabolic pathways. Several pathways have been described in the literature to be involved in Th17 versus Treg polarization, including 1) the activity of ectonucleotidases CD39/CD73; 2) the increase in TGF-β1 production; 3) a hypoxic environment, and subsequent upregulation in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α); 4) the increased mTOR activity and glycolysis induction; 5) the lipid metabolism, including fatty acid synthesis, fatty acids oxidation, cholesterol synthesis, and lipid storage, which are regulated by the AMPK, mevalonate and PPARγ pathways; and 6) the tryptophan catabolism. These metabolic pathways are understudied in the context of HIV-1 infection. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on metabolic pathways that are dysregulated during HIV-1 infection and their impact on Th17/Treg balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Yero
- Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jerome Estaquier
- Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Department of Biological Sciences and CERMO-FC Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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20
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Jiang P, Zheng C, Xiang Y, Malik S, Su D, Xu G, Zhang M. The involvement of TH17 cells in the pathogenesis of IBD. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 69:28-42. [PMID: 35871978 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unclear. Immune dysfunction may play a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD, in which the role of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells is particularly important. Th17 cells are a major component of CD4+ T cells, and their differentiation is regulated by a variety of extracellular signals, transcription factors, RNA, and posttranslational modifications. Th17 cells specifically produce IL-17 and play an important role in the protection of mucous membranes and epithelial tissues against infection by extracellular microbes. However, when immune regulation is dysfunctional, Th17 cells abnormally proliferate and produce large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines that can recruit other inflammatory cells, which together induce abnormal immune responses and result in the development of many autoimmune diseases. In recent years, studies have confirmed that Th17 cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD, which makes it a possible target for IBD therapy. This article reviews the recent progress of Th17 cells involved in the pathogenesis of IBD and its targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Sara Malik
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago 60611, IL, USA
| | - Dan Su
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Watertown 02472, MA, USA
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200001, China.
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21
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Lee JH, Kim HS, Jang SW, Lee GR. Histone deacetylase 6 plays an important role in TGF-β-induced murine Treg cell differentiation by regulating cell proliferation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22550. [PMID: 36581745 PMCID: PMC9800578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune homeostasis by preventing abnormal or excessive immune responses. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) regulates expression of Foxp3, and thus, Treg cell differentiation; however, its role in Treg cell differentiation is unclear and somewhat controversial. Here, we investigated the role of HDAC6 in TGF-β-induced murine Treg cells. HDAC6 expression was higher in Treg cells than in other T helper cell subsets. Pharmacological inhibitors of HDAC6 selectively inhibited Treg cell differentiation and suppressive function. A specific HDAC6 inhibitor induced changes in global gene expression by Treg cells. Of these changes, genes related to cell division were prominently affected. In summary, HDAC6 plays an important role in TGF-β-induced murine Treg cell differentiation by regulating cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Lee
- grid.263736.50000 0001 0286 5954Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 04107 Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- grid.263736.50000 0001 0286 5954Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 04107 Korea
| | - Sung Woong Jang
- grid.263736.50000 0001 0286 5954Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 04107 Korea
| | - Gap Ryol Lee
- grid.263736.50000 0001 0286 5954Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 04107 Korea
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Colombini B, Dinu M, Murgo E, Lotti S, Tarquini R, Sofi F, Mazzoccoli G. Ageing and Low-Level Chronic Inflammation: The Role of the Biological Clock. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2228. [PMID: 36421414 PMCID: PMC9686908 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a multifactorial physiological manifestation that occurs inexorably and gradually in all forms of life. This process is linked to the decay of homeostasis due to the progressive decrease in the reparative and regenerative capacity of tissues and organs, with reduced physiological reserve in response to stress. Ageing is closely related to oxidative damage and involves immunosenescence and tissue impairment or metabolic imbalances that trigger inflammation and inflammasome formation. One of the main ageing-related alterations is the dysregulation of the immune response, which results in chronic low-level, systemic inflammation, termed "inflammaging". Genetic and epigenetic changes, as well as environmental factors, promote and/or modulate the mechanisms of ageing at the molecular, cellular, organ, and system levels. Most of these mechanisms are characterized by time-dependent patterns of variation driven by the biological clock. In this review, we describe the involvement of ageing-related processes with inflammation in relation to the functioning of the biological clock and the mechanisms operating this intricate interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colombini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuele Murgo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Opera di Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Sofia Lotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Tarquini
- Division of Internal Medicine I, San Giuseppe Hospital, 50053 Empoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Opera di Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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23
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Alternate-Day Fasting Ameliorates Newly Established Sjögren's Syndrome-like Sialadenitis in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213791. [PMID: 36430269 PMCID: PMC9695328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting confers protections to various diseases including autoimmune disorders, but the specific effects of intermittent fasting on Sjögren's syndrome (SS) remains inconclusive. The present study was undertaken to determine the specific impact of alternate-day fasting (ADF) on newly established SS-like sialadenitis using non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Female NOD mice were deprived of food every other day from 10 to 13 weeks of age, the early stage of established SS, and then analyzed for the disease characteristics. Mice in the ADF group had higher salivary flow rate and attenuated submandibular gland (SMG) inflammation, compared to the control mice fed with standard chow ad libitum. The improvements were accompanied with a decrease in the total leukocytes, T and B lymphocytes and activated CD4 and CD8 T cells, and a down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17, chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL9 and CXCL11 in the SMGs. ADF also led to elevated mRNA levels of water channel protein aquaporin 5 and tight junction protein claudin-1, two factors crucial for normal salivary secretion in the SMGs. In addition, ADF reduced the proportion of IFN-γ- and IL-17- expressing CD4 T cells and diminished mRNA levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17 in the total submandibular draining lymph node cells. Taken together, ADF is effective in ameliorating newly established SS-associated salivary gland exocrinopathy in NOD mice.
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24
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Khairnar RC, Parihar N, Prabhavalkar KS, Bhatt LK. Emerging targets signaling for inflammation in Parkinson's disease drug discovery. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2143-2161. [PMID: 35536461 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients not only show motor features such as bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity but also non-motor features such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, memory loss, attention deficits, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, gastrointestinal issues, and pain. Many pharmacological treatments are available for PD patients; however, these treatments are partially or transiently effective since they only decrease the symptoms. As these therapies are unable to restore dopaminergic neurons and stop the development of Parkinson's disease, therefore, the need for an effective therapeutic approach is required. The current review summarizes novel targets for PD, that can be utilized to identify disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhema Chandan Khairnar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Niraj Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Kedar S Prabhavalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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25
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Feng X, Li X, Liu N, Hou N, Sun X, Liu Y. Glutaminolysis and CD4+ T-cell metabolism in autoimmunity: From pathogenesis to therapy prospects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:986847. [PMID: 36211442 PMCID: PMC9537545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.986847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent increase in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases revealed the critical role of T cells. Investigation into immunometabolism has drawn attention to metabolic processes other than glycometabolism. In rapidly dividing immune cells, including T lymphocytes, the consumption of glutamine is similar to or higher than that of glucose even though glucose is abundant. In addition to contributing to many processes critical for cellular integrity and function, glutamine, as the most abundant amino acid, was recently regarded as an immunomodulatory nutrient. A better understanding of the biological regulation of glutaminolysis in T cells will provide a new perspective for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of glutamine catabolism in CD4+ T-cell subsets of autoimmunity. We also focused on potential treatments targeting glutaminolysis in patients with autoimmune diseases. Knowledge of immunometabolism is constantly evolving, and glutamine metabolism may be a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Yongping Liu,
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26
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The Role of Transcription Factor PPAR-γ in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis, Skin Cells, and Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179708. [PMID: 36077103 PMCID: PMC9456565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR-γ is one of three PPAR nuclear receptors that act as ligand-activated transcription factors. In immune cells, the skin, and other organs, PPAR-γ regulates lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. The receptor translates nutritional, pharmacological, and metabolic stimuli into the changes in gene expression. The activation of PPAR-γ promotes cell differentiation, reduces the proliferation rate, and modulates the immune response. In the skin, PPARs also contribute to the functioning of the skin barrier. Since we know that the route from identification to the registration of drugs is long and expensive, PPAR-γ agonists already approved for other diseases may also represent a high interest for psoriasis. In this review, we discuss the role of PPAR-γ in the activation, differentiation, and proliferation of skin and immune cells affected by psoriasis and in contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. We also evaluate whether the agonists of PPAR-γ may become one of the therapeutic options to suppress the inflammatory response in lesional psoriatic skin and decrease the influence of comorbidities associated with psoriasis.
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27
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152432. [PMID: 35954274 PMCID: PMC9368267 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) function as nuclear transcription factors upon the binding of physiological or pharmacological ligands and heterodimerization with retinoic X receptors. Physiological ligands include fatty acids and fatty-acid-derived compounds with low specificity for the different PPAR subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma). For each of the PPAR subtypes, specific pharmacological agonists and antagonists, as well as pan-agonists, are available. In agreement with their natural ligands, PPARs are mainly focused on as targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Nevertheless, many publications are available that implicate PPARs in malignancies. In several instances, they are controversial for very similar models. Thus, to better predict the potential use of PPAR modulators for personalized medicine in therapies against malignancies, it seems necessary and timely to review the three PPARs in relation to the didactic concept of cancer hallmark capabilities. We previously described the functions of PPAR beta/delta with respect to the cancer hallmarks and reviewed the implications of all PPARs in angiogenesis. Thus, the current review updates our knowledge on PPAR beta and the hallmarks of cancer and extends the concept to PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wagner
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (K.-D.W.); Tel.: +33-489-153-713 (K.-D.W.)
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28
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Sahoo OS, Pethusamy K, Srivastava TP, Talukdar J, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Dhar R, Karmakar S. The metabolic addiction of cancer stem cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:955892. [PMID: 35957877 PMCID: PMC9357939 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.955892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are the minor population of cancer originating cells that have the capacity of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity (when transplanted into an immunocompromised animal). These low-copy number cell populations are believed to be resistant to conventional chemo and radiotherapy. It was reported that metabolic adaptation of these elusive cell populations is to a large extent responsible for their survival and distant metastasis. Warburg effect is a hallmark of most cancer in which the cancer cells prefer to metabolize glucose anaerobically, even under normoxic conditions. Warburg's aerobic glycolysis produces ATP efficiently promoting cell proliferation by reprogramming metabolism to increase glucose uptake and stimulating lactate production. This metabolic adaptation also seems to contribute to chemoresistance and immune evasion, a prerequisite for cancer cell survival and proliferation. Though we know a lot about metabolic fine-tuning in cancer, what is still in shadow is the identity of upstream regulators that orchestrates this process. Epigenetic modification of key metabolic enzymes seems to play a decisive role in this. By altering the metabolic flux, cancer cells polarize the biochemical reactions to selectively generate "onco-metabolites" that provide an added advantage for cell proliferation and survival. In this review, we explored the metabolic-epigenetic circuity in relation to cancer growth and proliferation and establish the fact how cancer cells may be addicted to specific metabolic pathways to meet their needs. Interestingly, even the immune system is re-calibrated to adapt to this altered scenario. Knowing the details is crucial for selective targeting of cancer stem cells by choking the rate-limiting stems and crucial branch points, preventing the formation of onco-metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of technology, Durgapur, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Joyeeta Talukdar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Computers and communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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29
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Mycobacterium intracellulare induces a Th17 immune response via M1-like macrophage polarization in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11818. [PMID: 35821058 PMCID: PMC9276657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) is one of the most prevalent pathogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria that cause chronic pulmonary disease. The prevalence of MAC infection has been rising globally in a wide range of hosts, including companion animals. MAC infection has been reported in dogs; however, little is known about interaction between MAC and dogs, especially in immune response. In this study, we investigated the host immune response driven by M. intracellulare using the co-culture system of canine T helper cells and autologous monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that canine MDMs differentiated into M1-like macrophages after M. intracellulare infection and the macrophages secreted molecules that induced Th1/Th17 cell polarization. Furthermore, canine lymphocytes co-cultured with M. intracellulare-infected macrophages induced the adaptive Th17 responses after 5 days. Taken together, our results indicate that M. intracellulare elicits a Th17 response through macrophage activation in this system. Those findings might help the understanding of the canine immune response to MAC infection and diminishing the potential zoonotic risk in One Health aspect.
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30
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Wang C, Shi Y, Wang X, Ma H, Liu Q, Gao Y, Niu J. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Regulate Hepatic Immunity and Assist in the Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940688. [PMID: 35880178 PMCID: PMC9307989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrates, which are agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, have received increasing attention in the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. Reduced alkaline phosphatase levels and improved clinical outcomes were observed in patients with primary biliary cholangitis with an inadequate response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) monotherapy4 when treated with bezafibrate or fenofibrate combined with UDCA. In contrast to obeticholic acid, which exacerbates pruritus in patients, fibrates have been shown to relieve pruritus. Clinical trial outcomes show potential for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. It is currently agreed that primary biliary cholangitis is an autoimmune-mediated cholestatic liver disease, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor is a nuclear receptor that regulates the functions of multiple immune cells, thus playing an important role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, this review focuses on the immune disorder of primary biliary cholangitis and summarizes the regulation of hepatic immunity when peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are targeted for treating primary biliary cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Heming Ma
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhang Gao, ; Junqi Niu,
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhang Gao, ; Junqi Niu,
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31
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Rasouli J, Casella G, Zhang W, Xiao D, Kumar G, Fortina P, Zhang GX, Ciric B, Rostami A. Transcription Factor RUNX3 Mediates Plasticity of ThGM Cells Toward Th1 Phenotype. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912583. [PMID: 35860266 PMCID: PMC9289370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF-producing T helper (Th) cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies have identified a distinct population of GM-CSF-producing Th cells, named ThGM cells, that also express cytokines TNF, IL-2, and IL-3, but lack expression of master transcription factors (TF) and signature cytokines of commonly recognized Th cell lineages. ThGM cells are highly encephalitogenic in a mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Similar to Th17 cells, in response to IL-12, ThGM cells upregulate expression of T-bet and IFN-γ and switch their phenotype to Th1. Here we show that in addition to T-bet, TF RUNX3 also contributes to the Th1 switch of ThGM cells. T-bet-deficient ThGM cells in the CNS of mice with EAE had low expression of RUNX3, and knockdown of RUNX3 expression in ThGM cells abrogated the Th1-inducing effect of IL-12. Comparison of ThGM and Th1 cell transcriptomes showed that ThGM cells expressed a set of TFs known to inhibit the development of other Th lineages. Lack of expression of lineage-specific cytokines and TFs by ThGM cells, together with expression of TFs that inhibit the development of other Th lineages, suggests that ThGM cells are a non-polarized subset of Th cells with lineage characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Rasouli
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Giacomo Casella
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Translation and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Abdolmohamad Rostami,
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32
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Chen Y, Song S, Wang Y, Zhu J, Li X. Potential mechanism of oral baicalin treating psoriasis via suppressing Wnt signaling pathway and inhibiting Th17/IL-17 axis by activating PPARγ. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3969-3987. [PMID: 35778948 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis (PSO), an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease, has seriously affected the quality of patients' life. It is urgent to find effective medicines with lower costs and less side effects. Baicalin (HQG) is the main bioactive substance from Scutellaria baicalensis with effects of anti-inflammation and immunoregulation. Herein, we explored the effect of oral HQG treating PSO and its potential mechanism. Firstly, network pharmacology was used to predict that HQG may act on Estrogen, TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor, TNF), interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathways and Th17 cell differentiation, especially the key targets including TNF, Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and Matrix metalloproteinase-9. Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mice were then used to study the effects of HQG treating PSO. HQG could significantly ameliorate the skin lesions, decrease the level of inflammatory factors and inhibit Th1/Th17 cell differentiation in IMQ-induced mice. Finally, transcriptome analysis of skin lesions integrated with the prediction of network pharmacology further demonstrated that the potential mechanism may be associated with suppressing Wnt signaling pathway and inhibiting Th17/IL-17 axis by activating PPARγ. In conclusion, this study suggested that HQG may be a promising agent for further studies in the search for therapeutic strategies to treat PSO in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfang Wang
- Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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33
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Schmidt V, Hogan AE, Fallon PG, Schwartz C. Obesity-Mediated Immune Modulation: One Step Forward, (Th)2 Steps Back. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932893. [PMID: 35844529 PMCID: PMC9279727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, the relationship between the immune system and metabolism has become a major research focus. In this arena of immunometabolism the capacity of adipose tissue to secrete immunomodulatory molecules, including adipokines, within the underlying low-grade inflammation during obesity brought attention to the impact obesity has on the immune system. Adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, influence T cell differentiation into different T helper subsets and their activation during immune responses. Furthermore, within the cellular milieu of adipose tissue nutrient availability regulates differentiation and activation of T cells and changes in cellular metabolic pathways. Upon activation, T cells shift from oxidative phosphorylation to oxidative glycolysis, while the differential signaling of the kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the nuclear receptor PPARγ, amongst others, drive the subsequent T cell differentiation. While the mechanisms leading to a shift from the typical type 2-dominated milieu in lean people to a Th1-biased pro-inflammatory environment during obesity are the subject of extensive research, insights on its impact on peripheral Th2-dominated immune responses become more evident. In this review, we will summarize recent findings of how Th2 cells are metabolically regulated during obesity and malnutrition, and how these states affect local and systemic Th2-biased immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Schmidt
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrew E. Hogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Human Health Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Obesity Immunology Research, St. Vincent’s University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Padraic G. Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Schwartz
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian Schwartz,
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34
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Yang Y, Shi GN, Wu X, Xu M, Chen CJ, Zhou Y, Wei YZ, Wu L, Cui FF, Sun L, Zhang TT. Quercetin Impedes Th17 Cell Differentiation to Mitigate Arthritis Involving PPARγ-Driven Transactivation of SOCS3 and Redistribution Corepressor SMRT from PPARγ to STAT3. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100826. [PMID: 35384292 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Quercetin (QU) is one of the most abundant flavonoids in plants and has attracted the attention of researchers because of its remarkable antirheumatoid arthritis (RA) effects and extremely low adverse reactions. However, the underlying mechanism needs further study. METHODS AND RESULTS Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) reveal the obvious inhibitory effects of QU on Th17 cell differentiation in arthritic mice. More importantly, QU markedly limits the development of Th17 cell polarization, which is virtually compromised by the treatment with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) inhibitor GW9662 and knockdown of PPARγ. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulation and immunofluorescence exhibit QU directly binds to PPARγ and increases PPARγ nuclear translocation. Besides, QU confers its moderation effect on suppressor of cytokine signaling protein (SOCS3)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) axis partially depending on PPARγ. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation shows QU redistributes the corepressor silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid-hormone receptors (SMRT) from PPARγ to STAT3. Finally, the inhibition of Th17 response and the antiarthritic effect of QU are nullified by GW9662 treatment in arthritic mice. CONCLUSION QU targets PPARγ and consequently inhibits Th17 cell differentiation by dual inhibitory activity of STAT3 to exert antiarthritic effect. The findings facilitate its development and put forth a stage for uncovering the mechanism of other naturally occurring compounds with chemical structures similar to QU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gao-Na Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Zi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fen-Fang Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Tai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Fert A, Raymond Marchand L, Wiche Salinas TR, Ancuta P. Targeting Th17 cells in HIV-1 remission/cure interventions. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:580-594. [PMID: 35659433 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of HIV-1, progress has been made in deciphering the viral replication cycle and mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions that has facilitated the implementation of effective antiretroviral therapies (ARTs). Major barriers to HIV-1 remission/cure include the persistence of viral reservoirs (VRs) in long-lived CD4+ T cells, residual viral transcription, and lack of mucosal immunity restoration during ART, which together fuel systemic inflammation. Recently, T helper (Th)17-polarized cells were identified as major contributors to the pool of transcriptionally/translationally competent VRs. In this review, we discuss the functional features of Th17 cells that were elucidated by fundamental immunology studies in the context of autoimmunity. We also highlight recent discoveries supporting the possibility of extrapolating this knowledge toward the identification of new putative Th17-targeted HIV-1 remission/cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Fert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Raymond Marchand
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tomas Raul Wiche Salinas
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
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36
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Liu S, Yuan X, Su H, Liu F, Zhuang Z, Chen Y. ZNF384: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Psoriasis and Alzheimer’s Disease Through Inflammation and Metabolism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892368. [PMID: 35669784 PMCID: PMC9163351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriasis is an immune-related skin disease notable for its chronic inflammation of the entire system. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is more prevalent in psoriasis than in the general population. Immune-mediated pathophysiologic processes may link these two diseases, but the mechanism is still unclear. This article aimed to explore potential molecular mechanisms in psoriasis and AD. Methods Gene expression profiling data of psoriasis and AD were acquired in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) were first applied in two datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of two diseases were identified, and common DEGs were selected. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was performed to explore common biological pathways. Signature transcription factors (STFs) were identified and their diagnostic values was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis in the exploration cohort and verified in the validation cohort. The expression levels of STFs were further investigated in the validation cohort and the GTEx Portal Database. Additionally, four kinds of interaction analysis were performed: correlation analysis among STFs, gene-gene, chemical-protein, and protein-ligand interaction analyses. In the end, we predicted the transcription factor that potentially regulates STFs. Results Biosynthesis and metabolic pathways were enriched in GSEA analysis. In ssGSEA analysis, most immunoreaction gene lists exhibited differential enrichment in psoriasis cases, whereas three receptor-related gene lists did in AD. The KEGG analysis of common DEGs redetermined inflammatory and metabolic pathways essential in both diseases. 5 STFs (PPARG, ZFPM2, ZNF415, HLX, and ANHX) were screened from common DEGs. The ROC analysis indicated that all STFs have diagnostic values in two diseases, especially ZFPM2. The correlation analysis, gene-gene, chemical-protein, and protein-ligand interaction analyses suggested that STFs interplay and involve inflammation and aberrant metabolism. Eventually, ZNF384 was the predicted transcription factor regulating PPARG, ZNF415, HLX, and ANHX. Conclusions The STFs (PPARG, ZFPM2, ZNF415, HLX, and ANHX) may increase the morbidity rate of AD in psoriasis by initiating a positive feedback loop of excessive inflammation and metabolic disorders. ZNF384 is a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis and AD by regulating PPARG, ZNF415, HLX, and ANHX.
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Pompura SL, Hafler DA, Dominguez-Villar M. Fatty Acid Metabolism and T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869197. [PMID: 35603182 PMCID: PMC9116144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolic remodeling is intrinsically linked to the development, activation, differentiation, function, and survival of T cells. T cells transition from a catabolic, naïve state to an anabolic effector state upon T cell activation. Subsequently, specialization of T cells into T helper (Th) subsets, including regulatory T cells (Treg), requires fine-tuning of metabolic programs that better support and optimize T cell functions for that particular environment. Increasingly, studies have shown that changes in nutrient availability at both the cellular and organismal level during disease states can alter T cell function, highlighting the importance of better characterizing metabolic-immune axes in both physiological and disease settings. In support of these data, a growing body of evidence is emerging that shows specific lipid species are capable of altering the inflammatory functional phenotypes of T cells. In this review we summarize the metabolic programs shown to support naïve and effector T cells, and those driving Th subsets. We then discuss changes to lipid profiles in patients with multiple sclerosis, and focus on how the presence of specific lipid species can alter cellular metabolism and function of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saige L. Pompura
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David A. Hafler
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Kaba S, Kawai Y, Tanigami Y, Ohnishi H, Kita T, Yoshimatsu M, Omori K, Kishimoto Y. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist Attenuates Vocal Fold Fibrosis in Rats via Regulation of Macrophage Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:771-782. [PMID: 35189097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages aid in wound healing by changing their phenotype and can be a key driver of fibrosis. However, the contribution of macrophage phenotype to fibrosis following vocal fold injury remains unclear. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is expressed mainly by macrophages during early wound healing and regulates the macrophage phenotype. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARγ agonist, on the macrophage phenotype and fibrosis following vocal fold injury in rats. PIO was injected into the rat vocal folds on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after injury, and the vocal fold lamina propria was evaluated on days 4 and 56 after injury. Moreover, THP-1-derived macrophages were treated with PIO, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines under lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ stimulation was analyzed. PIO reduced the expression of Ccl2 both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, PIO decreased the density of inducible nitric oxide synthase+ CD68+ macrophages and inhibited the expression of fibrosis-related factors on day 4 after injury. On day 56 after injury, PIO inhibited fibrosis, tissue contracture, and hyaluronic acid loss in a PPARγ-dependent manner. These results indicate that PPARγ activation could inhibit accumulation of inflammatory macrophages and improve tissue repair. Taken together, these findings imply that inflammatory macrophages play a key role in vocal fold fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kaba
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kawai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanigami
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroe Ohnishi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yoshimatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Field of Sensory Organology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yo Kishimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Fu J, Huang Y, Bao T, Liu C, Liu X, Chen X. The role of Th17 cells/IL-17A in AD, PD, ALS and the strategic therapy targeting on IL-17A. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:98. [PMID: 35459141 PMCID: PMC9034482 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by progressive loss of certain populations of neurons, which eventually lead to dysfunction. These diseases include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Immune pathway dysregulation is one of the common features of neurodegeneration. Recently, there is growing interest in the specific role of T helper Th 17 cells and Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), the most important cytokine of Th 17 cells, in the pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we summarized current knowledge about the function of Th17/IL-17A, the physiology of Th17/IL-17A in diseases, and the contribution of Th17/IL-17A in AD, PD, and ALS. We also update the findings on IL-17A-targeting drugs as potentially immunomodulatory therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases. Although the specific mechanism of Th17/IL-17A in this group of diseases is still controversial, uncovering the molecular pathways of Th17/IL-17A in neurodegeneration allows the identification of suitable targets to modulate these cellular processes. Therapeutics targeting IL-17A might represent potentially novel anti-neurodegeneration drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Fu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37#, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Bao
- Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37#, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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40
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Yang L, Zheng Y, Miao YM, Yan WX, Geng YZ, Dai Y, Wei ZF. Bergenin, a PPARγ agonist, inhibits Th17 differentiation and subsequent neutrophilic asthma by preventing GLS1-dependent glutaminolysis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:963-976. [PMID: 34267342 PMCID: PMC8975945 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bergenin is a natural PPARγ agonist that can prevent neutrophil aggregation, and often be used in clinics for treating respiratory diseases. Recent data show that Th17 cells are important for neutrophil aggregation and asthma through secreting IL-17A. In this study, we investigated the effects of bergenin on Th17 differentiation in vitro and subsequent neutrophilic asthma in mice. Naïve T cells isolated from mouse mesenteric lymph nodes were treated with IL-23, TGF-β, and IL-6 to induce Th17 differentiation. We showed that in naïve T cells under Th17-polarizing condition, the addition of bergenin (3, 10, 30 μM) concentration-dependently decreased the percentage of CD4+ IL-17A+ T cells and mRNA expression of specific transcription factor RORγt, and function-related factors IL-17A/F, IL-21, and IL-22, but did not affect the cell vitality and apoptosis. Furthermore, bergenin treatment prevented GLS1-dependent glutaminolysis in the progress of Th17 differentiation, slightly affected the levels of SLC1A5, SLC38A1, GLUD1, GOT1, and GPT2. Glutamine deprivation, the addition of glutamate (1 mM), α-ketoglutarate (1 mM), or GLS1 plasmid all significantly attenuated the above-mentioned actions of bergenin. Besides, we demonstrated that bergenin (3, 10, and 30 μM) concentration-dependently activated PPARγ in naïve T cells, whereas PPARγ antagonist GW9662 and siPPARγ abolished bergenin-caused inhibition on glutaminolysis and Th17 differentiation. Furthermore, we revealed that bergenin inhibited glutaminolysis by regulating the level of CDK1, phosphorylation and degradation of Cdh1, and APC/C-Cdh1-mediated ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of GLS1 after activating PPARγ. We demonstrated a correlation existing among bergenin-affected GLS1-dependent glutaminolysis, PPARγ, "CDK1-APC/C-Cdh1" signaling, and Th17 differentiation. Finally, the therapeutic effect and mechanisms for bergenin-inhibited Th17 responses and neutrophilic asthma were confirmed in a mouse model of neutrophilic asthma by administration of GW9662 or GLS1 overexpression plasmid in vivo. In conclusion, bergenin repressed Th17 differentiation and then alleviated neutrophilic asthma in mice by inhibiting GLS1-dependent glutaminolysis via regulating the "CDK1-APC/C-Cdh1" signaling after activating PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yun Zheng
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yu-meng Miao
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Wen-xin Yan
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yan-zhi Geng
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yue Dai
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Zhi-feng Wei
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
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Bapat SP, Whitty C, Mowery CT, Liang Y, Yoo A, Jiang Z, Peters MC, Zhang LJ, Vogel I, Zhou C, Nguyen VQ, Li Z, Chang C, Zhu WS, Hastie AT, He H, Ren X, Qiu W, Gayer SG, Liu C, Choi EJ, Fassett M, Cohen JN, Sturgill JL, Crotty Alexander LE, Suh JM, Liddle C, Atkins AR, Yu RT, Downes M, Liu S, Nikolajczyk BS, Lee IK, Guttman-Yassky E, Ansel KM, Woodruff PG, Fahy JV, Sheppard D, Gallo RL, Ye CJ, Evans RM, Zheng Y, Marson A. Obesity alters pathology and treatment response in inflammatory disease. Nature 2022; 604:337-342. [PMID: 35355021 PMCID: PMC9165753 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Decades of work have elucidated cytokine signalling and transcriptional pathways that control T cell differentiation and have led the way to targeted biologic therapies that are effective in a range of autoimmune, allergic and inflammatory diseases. Recent evidence indicates that obesity and metabolic disease can also influence the immune system1-7, although the mechanisms and effects on immunotherapy outcomes remain largely unknown. Here, using two models of atopic dermatitis, we show that lean and obese mice mount markedly different immune responses. Obesity converted the classical type 2 T helper (TH2)-predominant disease associated with atopic dermatitis to a more severe disease with prominent TH17 inflammation. We also observed divergent responses to biologic therapies targeting TH2 cytokines, which robustly protected lean mice but exacerbated disease in obese mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing coupled with genome-wide binding analyses revealed decreased activity of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in TH2 cells from obese mice relative to lean mice. Conditional ablation of PPARγ in T cells revealed that PPARγ is required to focus the in vivo TH response towards a TH2-predominant state and prevent aberrant non-TH2 inflammation. Treatment of obese mice with a small-molecule PPARγ agonist limited development of TH17 pathology and unlocked therapeutic responsiveness to targeted anti-TH2 biologic therapies. These studies reveal the effects of obesity on immunological disease and suggest a precision medicine approach to target the immune dysregulation caused by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar P Bapat
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Caroline Whitty
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cody T Mowery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuqiong Liang
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arum Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zewen Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Peters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ling-Juan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ian Vogel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carmen Zhou
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vinh Q Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christina Chang
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wandi S Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annette T Hastie
- School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Helen He
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Ren
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenli Qiu
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah G Gayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eun Jung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Marlys Fassett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jarish N Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jamie L Sturgill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annette R Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sihao Liu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John V Fahy
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Institute for Human Genetics (IHG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Ye Zheng
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Institute for Human Genetics (IHG), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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42
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Lin X, Meng X, Song Z, Lin J. Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor γ and psoriasis, molecular and cellular biochemistry. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1905-1920. [PMID: 35348980 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of psoriasis is complex and has not been completely elucidated. Better understanding of the pathogenesis may contribute to further improvement of our therapeutic strategies controlling psoriasis. Emerging evidence points to a causative relationship between altered activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and psoriasis. The present review focuses on deeper understanding of the possible role of PPARγ in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and the potential of PPARγ agonist to improve the treatment of psoriasis. PPARγ is decreased in psoriasis. PPARγ possibly has effects on the multiple aspects of the pathogenesis of psoriasis, including abnormal lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, immune cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, keratinocytes, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, microRNAs and nuclear factor kappa B. As defective activation of PPARγ is involved in psoriasis development, PPARγ agonists may be promising agents for treatment of psoriasis. Pioglitazone appears an effective and safe option in the treatment of patients with psoriasis, but there are still concerns about its potential side effects. Research effort has recently been undertaken to explore the PPARγ-activating potential of natural products. Among them some have been studied clinically or preclinically for treatment of psoriasis with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian, 116011, China.
| | - Xianmin Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Axia Women's Health, 450 Cresson BLVD, Oaks, PA, 19456, USA
| | - Zhiqi Song
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian, 116011, China
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43
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Dacic M, Shibu G, Rogatsky I. Physiological Convergence and Antagonism Between GR and PPARγ in Inflammation and Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:123-141. [PMID: 36107316 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors that modulate gene expression in a ligand-dependent manner. The ubiquitously expressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) represent steroid (type I) and non-steroid (type II) classes of NRs, respectively. The diverse transcriptional and physiological outcomes of their activation are highly tissue-specific. For example, in subsets of immune cells, such as macrophages, the signaling of GR and PPARγ converges to elicit an anti-inflammatory phenotype; in contrast, in the adipose tissue, their signaling can lead to reciprocal metabolic outcomes. This review explores the cooperative and divergent outcomes of GR and PPARγ functions in different cell types and tissues, including immune cells, adipose tissue and the liver. Understanding the coordinated control of these NR pathways should advance studies in the field and potentially pave the way for developing new therapeutic approaches to exploit the GR:PPARγ crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Dacic
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gayathri Shibu
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inez Rogatsky
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
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44
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Wang G, Su Z, Li H, Xiao L, Li C, Lian G. The role of metabolism in Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108450. [PMID: 34954561 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T helper 17 cells (Th17) have been associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, which makes them become a sharp focus when the researchers are seeking therapeutic target for these diseases. A growing body of evidence has suggested that cellular metabolism dictates Th17 cell differentiation and effector function. Moreover, various studies have disclosed that metabolism is linked to the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. In this article, we reviewed the most recent findings regarding the importance of metabolism in Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune diseases and also discussed the modulation mechanisms of glycolysis, fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, and amino acids metabolism for Th17 cell differentiation. This review summarized the potential therapeutic or preventing strategies for Th17 cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zehong Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chengyue Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Gaojian Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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45
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Toobian D, Ghosh P, Katkar GD. Parsing the Role of PPARs in Macrophage Processes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:783780. [PMID: 35003101 PMCID: PMC8727354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.783780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are richly equipped with nuclear receptors, which act as ligand-regulated transcription factors. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), members of the nuclear receptor family, have been extensively studied for their roles in development, differentiation, and homeostatic processes. In the recent past, there has been substantial interest in understanding and defining the functions of PPARs and their agonists in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses as well as their pharmacologic potential in combating acute and chronic inflammatory disease. In this review, we focus on emerging evidence of the potential roles of the PPAR subtypes in macrophage biology. We also discuss the roles of dual and pan PPAR agonists as modulators of immune cell function, microbial infection, and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Toobian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Rebecca and John Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gajanan D. Katkar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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46
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Cheng C, Zhang W, Zhang C, Ji P, Wu X, Sha Z, Chen X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Cheng H, Shi L. Hyperoside Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis through MKRN1-Mediated Regulation of PPARγ Signaling and Th17/Treg Balance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15240-15251. [PMID: 34878764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoside (HYP), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound, exerts multiple biological functions including myocardial protection, antiredox, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the role of HYP on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the underlying mechanism need to be further established. Here, we show that HYP treatment profoundly alleviated dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, characterized by reduced pathological scores, preserved tissue integrity, suppressed colonic inflammation, and balanced Th17/Treg response. Mechanistically, HYP was shown to restrain the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, makorin ring finger protein 1 (MKRN1), which in turn promoted the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), an essential regulator of Th17 and Treg differentiation. Consequently, HYP treatment enhanced PPARγ signaling and hence promoted Treg differentiation while suppressing Th17 cell development during colitis. Thus, our data indicate that HYP acts through the MKRN1/PPARγ axis to modulate the Th17/Treg axis and thereby confers protection against experimental colitis. The findings extend our understanding about HYP action and may provide a potential therapeutic target for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhou Sha
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yongkang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yugen Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Haibo Cheng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310022, China
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47
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Ding X, Yan D, Zhang X, Liu B, Zhu G. Metabolomics Analysis of the Effect of GAT-2 Deficiency on Th1 Cells in Mice. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:5054-5063. [PMID: 34647753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The classic neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been shown to shape the activation and function of immune cells. There are four high-affinity GABA transporters (GATs, including GAT-1, GAT-2, GAT-3, and GAT-4) responsible for the transmembrane transport of GABA in mice. To explore the effect of GAT-2 on type 1 helper T (Th1) cells, naïve CD4+ T cells were isolated from splenocytes of GAT-2 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice and cultured for Th1 cell differentiation, and then, metabolomics analysis of Th1 cells was performed via gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry added with multivariate analyses. Based on the variable importance projection value > 1 and P < 0.05, a total of nine differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified between WT and KO. Then, DEMs were mapped to the KEGG database, and five metabolic pathways were significantly enriched, including the cysteine and methionine metabolism, the riboflavin metabolism, the purine metabolism, the glycerolipid metabolism, and the glycerophospholipid metabolism. Collectively, our metabolomics analysis revealed that deficiency of GAT-2 influenced the metabolomics profile of Th1 cells, which will provide insights into T cell response to GAT-2 deficiency in mice. Data are available via MetaboLights with identifier MTBLS3358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dong Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Baobao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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48
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Ghosh R, Mitra P, Kumar PVSNK, Goyal T, Sharma P. T helper cells in depression: central role of Th17 cells. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2021; 59:19-39. [PMID: 34592888 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2021.1965535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in the world. While conventional pharmaceutical therapy targets monoaminergic pathway dysfunction, it has not been totally successful in terms of positive outcomes, remission, and preventing relapses. There is an increasing amount of evidence that neuroinflammation may play a significant part in the pathophysiology of depression. Among the key components of the neuroinflammatory pathways already known to be active are the T helper (Th) cells, especially Th17 cells. While various preclinical and clinical studies have reported increased levels of Th17 cells in both serum and brain tissue of laboratory model animals, contradictory results have argued against a pertinent role of Th17 cells in depression. Recent studies have also revealed a role for more pathogenic and inflammatory subsets of Th17 in depression, as well as IL-17A and Th17 cells in non-responsiveness to conventional antidepressant therapy. Despite recent advances, there is still a significant knowledge gap concerning the exact mechanism by which Th17 cells influence neuroinflammation in depression. This review first provides a short introduction to the major findings that led to the discovery of the role of Th cells in depression. The major subsets of Th cells known to be involved in neuroimmunology of depression, such as Th1, Th17, and T regulatory cells, are subsequently described, with an in-depth discussion on current knowledge about Th17 cells in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghumoy Ghosh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - P V S N Kiran Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Taru Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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49
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Aria H, Ghaedrahmati F, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M. Cutting edge: Metabolic immune reprogramming, reactive oxygen species, and cancer. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6168-6189. [PMID: 33561318 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A recently proposed term "immunometabolism" points to the functional intracellular metabolic changes that occur within different immune cells. Recent findings suggest that immune responses can be determined by the metabolic status of immune cells and metabolic reprogramming is an important feature of immune cell activation. Metabolic reprogramming is also well known for cancer cells and has been suggested as a major sign of cancer progression. Metabolic reprogramming of immune cells is also seen in the tumor microenvironment. In the past decade, immunometabolism has progressively become an extraordinarily vibrant and productive area of study in immunology because of its importance for immunotherapy. Understanding the immunometabolic situation of T cells and other immune cells along with the metabolic behavior of cancer cells can help us design new therapeutic approaches against cancers. Here, we have the aim to review the cutting-edge findings on the immunometabolic situation in immune and tumor cells. We discuss new findings on signaling pathways during metabolic reprogramming, its regulation, and the participation of reactive oxygen species in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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50
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Development of mode of action networks related to the potential role of PPARγ in respiratory diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105821. [PMID: 34403731 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a key transcription factor, operating at the intercept of metabolic control and immunomodulation. It is ubiquitously expressed in multiple tissues and organs, including lungs. There is a growing body of information supporting the role of PPARγ signalling in respiratory diseases. The aim of the present study was to develop mode of action (MoA) networks reflecting the relationships between PPARγ signalling and the progression/alleviation of a spectrum of lung pathologies. Data mining was performed using the resources of the NIH PubMed and PubChem information systems. By linking available data on pathological/therapeutic effects of PPARγ modulation, knowledge-based MoA networking at different levels of biological organization (molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and system) was performed. Multiple MoA networks were developed to relate PPARγ modulation to the progress or the alleviation of pulmonary disorders, triggered by diverse pathogenic, genetic, chemical, or mechanical factors. Pharmacological targeting of PPARγ signalling was discussed with regard to ligand- and cell type-specific effects in the context of distinct disease inductor- and disease stage-dependent patterns. The proposed MoA networking analysis allows for a better understanding of the potential role of PPARγ modulation in lung pathologies. It presents a mechanistically justified basis for further computational, experimental, and clinical monitoring studies on the dynamic control of PPARγ signalling in respiratory diseases.
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