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Freen-van Heeren JJ. Posttranscriptional Events Orchestrate Immune Homeostasis of CD8 + T Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2782:65-80. [PMID: 38622392 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3754-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining immune homeostasis is instrumental for host health. Immune cells, such as T cells, are instrumental for the eradication of pathogenic bacteria, fungi and viruses. Furthermore, T cells also play a major role in the fight against cancer. Through the formation of immunological memory, a pool of antigen-experienced T cells remains in the body to rapidly protect the host upon reinfection or retransformation. In order to perform their protective function, T cells produce cytolytic molecules, such as granzymes and perforin, and cytokines such as interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α. Recently, it has become evident that posttranscriptional regulatory events dictate the kinetics and magnitude of cytokine production by murine and human CD8+ T cells. Here, the recent literature regarding the role posttranscriptional regulation plays in maintaining immune homeostasis of antigen-experienced CD8+ T cells is reviewed.
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2
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Johansson K, Gagnon JD, Zhou SK, Fassett MS, Schroeder AW, Kageyama R, Bautista RA, Pham H, Woodruff PG, Ansel KM. An essential role for miR-15/16 in Treg suppression and restriction of proliferation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113298. [PMID: 37862171 PMCID: PMC10664750 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The miR-15/16 family targets a large network of genes in T cells to restrict their cell cycle, memory formation, and survival. Upon T cell activation, miR-15/16 are downregulated, allowing rapid expansion of differentiated effector T cells to mediate a sustained response. Here, we used conditional deletion of miR-15/16 in regulatory T cells (Tregs) to identify immune functions of the miR-15/16 family in T cells. miR-15/16 are indispensable to maintain peripheral tolerance by securing efficient suppression by a limited number of Tregs. miR-15/16 deficiency alters expression of critical Treg proteins and results in accumulation of functionally impaired FOXP3loCD25loCD127hi Tregs. Excessive proliferation in the absence of miR-15/16 shifts Treg fate and produces an effector Treg phenotype. These Tregs fail to control immune activation, leading to spontaneous multi-organ inflammation and increased allergic inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. Together, our results demonstrate that miR-15/16 expression in Tregs is essential to maintain immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Johansson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John D Gagnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Simon K Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marlys S Fassett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Andrew W Schroeder
- Department of Medicine, Genomics CoLab, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robin Kageyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rodriel A Bautista
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hewlett Pham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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3
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Wells AC, Hioki KA, Angelou CC, Lynch AC, Liang X, Ryan DJ, Thesmar I, Zhanybekova S, Zuklys S, Ullom J, Cheong A, Mager J, Hollander GA, Pobezinskaya EL, Pobezinsky LA. Let-7 enhances murine anti-tumor CD8 T cell responses by promoting memory and antagonizing terminal differentiation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5585. [PMID: 37696797 PMCID: PMC10495470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of the CD8 T cell-mediated immune response against infections and tumors depends on the formation of a long-lived memory pool, and the protection of effector cells from exhaustion. The advent of checkpoint blockade therapy has significantly improved anti-tumor therapeutic outcomes by reversing CD8 T cell exhaustion, but fails to generate effector cells with memory potential. Here, using in vivo mouse models, we show that let-7 miRNAs determine CD8 T cell fate, where maintenance of let-7 expression during early cell activation results in memory CD8 T cell formation and tumor clearance. Conversely, let-7-deficiency promotes the generation of a terminal effector population that becomes vulnerable to exhaustion and cell death in immunosuppressive environments and fails to reject tumors. Mechanistically, let-7 restrains metabolic changes that occur during T cell activation through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and production of reactive oxygen species, potent drivers of terminal differentiation and exhaustion. Thus, our results reveal a role for let-7 in the time-sensitive support of memory formation and the protection of effector cells from exhaustion. Overall, our data suggest a strategy in developing next-generation immunotherapies by preserving the multipotency of effector cells rather than enhancing the efficacy of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria C Wells
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kaito A Hioki
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- UMass Biotech Training Program (BTP), Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Constance C Angelou
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Adam C Lynch
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xueting Liang
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Ryan
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Iris Thesmar
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Saule Zhanybekova
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Saulius Zuklys
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Ullom
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Agnes Cheong
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mager
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Georg A Hollander
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena L Pobezinskaya
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Leonid A Pobezinsky
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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4
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Johansson K, Gagnon JD, Zhou S, Fassett MS, Schroeder AW, Kageyama R, Bautista RA, Pham H, Woodruff PG, Ansel KM. An essential role for miR-15/16 in Treg suppression and restriction of proliferation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.26.533356. [PMID: 36993421 PMCID: PMC10055372 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.26.533356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The miR-15/16 family is a highly expressed group of tumor suppressor miRNAs that target a large network of genes in T cells to restrict their cell cycle, memory formation and survival. Upon T cell activation, miR-15/16 are downregulated, allowing rapid expansion of differentiated effector T cells to mediate a sustained immune response. Here, using conditional deletion of miR-15/16 in immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) that express FOXP3, we identify new functions of the miR-15/16 family in T cell immunity. miR-15/16 are indispensable to maintain peripheral tolerance by securing efficient suppression by a limited number of Tregs. miR-15/16-deficiency alters Treg expression of critical functional proteins including FOXP3, IL2Rα/CD25, CTLA4, PD-1 and IL7Rα/CD127, and results in accumulation of functionally impaired FOXP3loCD25loCD127hi Tregs. Excessive proliferation in the absence of miR-15/16 inhibition of cell cycle programs shifts Treg diversity and produces an effector Treg phenotype characterized by low expression of TCF1, CD25 and CD62L, and high expression of CD44. These Tregs fail to control immune activation of CD4+ effector T cells, leading to spontaneous multi-organ inflammation and increased allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. Together, our results demonstrate that miR-15/16 expression in Tregs is essential to maintain immune tolerance.
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5
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Fallone L, Lalle G, Pereira-Abrantes M, Sible E, Michallet MC, Vuong BQ, Hasan UA. Shedding Light on Immunological Research in Lyon, France. IRCI2022 Brings the Scientific World to Lyon and Bridges the Latest Immunological Findings in Cancer and Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2251-2259. [PMID: 36469848 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Fallone
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieur, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Guilhem Lalle
- Le Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; and
| | - Manuela Pereira-Abrantes
- Le Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; and
| | - Emily Sible
- Biology Ph.D. Program, The Graduate Center and The City College of New York, The City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Marie-Cécile Michallet
- Le Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; and
| | - Bao Q Vuong
- Biology Ph.D. Program, The Graduate Center and The City College of New York, The City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Uzma Ayesha Hasan
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieur, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
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Szukiewicz D. Epigenetic regulation and T-cell responses in endometriosis – something other than autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943839. [PMID: 35935991 PMCID: PMC9355085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like glands and stroma located outside the uterine cavity. This common, estrogen dependent, inflammatory condition affects up to 15% of reproductive-aged women and is a well-recognized cause of chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Despite the still unknown etiology of endometriosis, much evidence suggests the participation of epigenetic mechanisms in the disease etiopathogenesis. The main rationale is based on the fact that heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence are common triggers for hormonal, immunological, and inflammatory disorders, which play a key role in the formation of endometriotic foci. Epigenetic mechanisms regulating T-cell responses, including DNA methylation and posttranslational histone modifications, deserve attention because tissue-resident T lymphocytes work in concert with organ structural cells to generate appropriate immune responses and are functionally shaped by organ-specific environmental conditions. Thus, a failure to precisely regulate immune cell transcription may result in compromised immunological integrity of the organ with an increased risk of inflammatory disorders. The coexistence of endometriosis and autoimmunity is a well-known occurrence. Recent research results indicate regulatory T-cell (Treg) alterations in endometriosis, and an increased number of highly active Tregs and macrophages have been found in peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis. Elimination of the regulatory function of T cells and an imbalance between T helper cells of the Th1 and Th2 types have been reported in the endometria of women with endometriosis-associated infertility. This review aims to present the state of the art in recognition epigenetic reprogramming of T cells as the key factor in the pathophysiology of endometriosis in the context of T-cell-related autoimmunity. The new potential therapeutic approaches based on epigenetic modulation and/or adoptive transfer of T cells will also be outlined.
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7
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Zatterale F, Raciti GA, Prevenzano I, Leone A, Campitelli M, De Rosa V, Beguinot F, Parrillo L. Epigenetic Reprogramming of the Inflammatory Response in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070982. [PMID: 35883538 PMCID: PMC9313117 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past several decades, the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has continued to rise on a global level. The risk contributing to this pandemic implicates both genetic and environmental factors, which are functionally integrated by epigenetic mechanisms. While these conditions are accompanied by major abnormalities in fuel metabolism, evidence indicates that altered immune cell functions also play an important role in shaping of obesity and T2D phenotypes. Interestingly, these events have been shown to be determined by epigenetic mechanisms. Consistently, recent epigenome-wide association studies have demonstrated that immune cells from obese and T2D individuals feature specific epigenetic profiles when compared to those from healthy subjects. In this work, we have reviewed recent literature reporting epigenetic changes affecting the immune cell phenotype and function in obesity and T2D. We will further discuss therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic marks for treating obesity and T2D-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Zatterale
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (G.A.R.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.)
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gregory Alexander Raciti
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (G.A.R.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.)
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Immacolata Prevenzano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (G.A.R.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.)
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessia Leone
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (G.A.R.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.)
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Michele Campitelli
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (G.A.R.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.)
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (G.A.R.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.)
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-081-746-3248 (F.B.); +39-081-746-3045 (L.P.)
| | - Luca Parrillo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.Z.); (G.A.R.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (M.C.)
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-081-746-3248 (F.B.); +39-081-746-3045 (L.P.)
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8
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Regulatory roles of MicroRNA in shaping T cell function, differentiation and polarization. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:34-47. [PMID: 34446356 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes are an integral component of adaptive immunity with pleotropic effector functions. Impairment of T cell activity is implicated in various immune pathologies including autoimmune diseases, AIDS, carcinogenesis, and periodontitis. Evidently, T cell differentiation and function are under robust regulation by various endogenous factors that orchestrate underlying molecular pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of noncoding, regulatory RNAs that post-transcriptionally control multiple mRNA targets by sequence-specific interaction. In this article, we will review the recent progress in our understanding of miRNA-gene networks that are uniquely required by specific T cell effector functions and provide miRNA-mediated mechanisms that govern the fate of T cells. A subset of miRNAs may act in a synergistic or antagonistic manner to exert functional suppression of genes and regulate pathways that control T cell activation and differentiation. Significance of T cell-specific miRNAs and their dysregulation in immune-mediated diseases is discussed. Exosome-mediated horizontal transfer of miRNAs from antigen presenting cells (APCs) to T cells and from one T cell to another T cell subset and their impact on recipient cell functions is summarized.
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Nazari N, Jafari F, Ghalamfarsa G, Hadinia A, Atapour A, Ahmadi M, Dolati S, Rostamzadeh D. The emerging role of microRNA in regulating the mTOR signaling pathway in immune and inflammatory responses. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:814-832. [PMID: 33988889 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is considered to be an atypical protein kinase that plays a critical role in integrating different cellular and environmental inputs in the form of growth factors, nutrients and energy and, subsequently, in regulating different cellular events, including cell metabolism, survival, homeostasis, growth and cellular differentiation. Immunologically, mTOR is a critical regulator of immune function through integrating numerous signals from the immune microenvironment, which coordinates the functions of immune cells and T cell fate decisions. The crucial role of mTOR in immune responses has been lately even more appreciated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small, noncoding single-stranded RNAs that act as molecular regulators involved in multiple processes during immune cells development, homeostasis, activation and effector polarization. Several studies have recently indicated that a range of miRNAs are involved in regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mTOR (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway by targeting multiple components of this signaling pathway and modulating the expression and function of these targets. Current evidence has revealed the interplay between miRNAs and the mTOR pathway circuits in various immune cell types. The expression of individual miRNA can affect the function of mTOR signaling to determine the cell fate decisions in immune responses through coordinating immune signaling and cell metabolism. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathway/miRNAs crosstalk has been reported in cancers and various immune-related diseases. Thus, expression profiles of dysregulated miRNAs could influence the mTOR pathway, resulting in the promotion of aberrant immunity. This review summarizes the latest information regarding the reciprocal role of the mTOR signaling pathway and miRNAs in orchestrating immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Nazari
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Jafari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Hadinia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Atapour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davood Rostamzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Zhu T, Lin Z, Han S, Wei Y, Lu G, Zhang Y, Xiao W, Wang Z, Jia X, Gong W. Low miR-16 expression induces regulatory CD4 +NKG2D + T cells involved in colorectal cancer progression. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1540-1556. [PMID: 33948372 PMCID: PMC8085839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-15a/16 is a member of the miRNA cluster that exhibits tumor suppression and immune modulation via targeting multiple genes. Decreased miR-15a/16 expression is involved in many cancer cells. Here, miR-16 had decreased expression in NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cells and bound with the 3'-UTR of NKG2D gene. MiR-15a/16-deficient mice had many CD4+NKG2D+ T cells, which produced TGF-β1 and IL-10 and inhibited the IFN-γ production of CD8+ T cells. Adoptive transfer of NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cells from miR-15a/16-deficient mice promoted tumor growth in vivo. However, no changes for NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cells were found in the miR-15a/16-transgenic mice. Although the miR-15a/16 transgenic mice transplanted with B16BL6 or MC38 cells exhibited rapid growth, these tumor-bearing mice did not show changes in NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cell distributions in either spleens or tumors. When NK1.1-CD4+ T cells were stimulated by α-CD3/sRAE-1 ex vivo, the NKG2D expression was difficult to induce in the T cells of miR-15a/16-transgenic mice. Finally, increased frequencies of regulatory CD4+NKG2D+ T cells with low miR-16 levels were observed in patients with late-stage colorectal cancer (Duke's C, D). Thus, miR-16 modulates NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cell functions via targeting NKG2D. Low miR-16 expression in CD4+ T cells induces the regulatory CD4+NKG2D+ T subpopulation, which promotes tumor evasion via the secretion of immune-suppressive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Sen Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of ZoonosisYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of ZoonosisYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of ZoonosisYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhengbing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of ZoonosisYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Weijuan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile DiseasesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of ZoonosisYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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11
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Jia X, Wei Y, Miao X, Zhu T, Hu X, Lin Z, Xiao W, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Gong W. Deficiency of miR-15a/16 upregulates NKG2D in CD8 + T cells to exacerbate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 554:114-122. [PMID: 33784506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The miR-15a/16 gene cluster is located in human chromosome 13 (13q14.3) and mouse chromosome 14 (14qC3). These genes are involved in cancer development and immune regulation. Our group has previously verified the binding of the 3'-untranslated region of NKG2D gene by miR-16 through dual-luciferase reporter assay. Herein, we found that miR-16 overexpression inhibited the NKG2D expression of CD8+ T cells, and that CD8+ NKG2D+ T cell frequency increased in miR-15/16-/- mice. CD8+ NKG2D+ T cells derived of miR-15/16-/- mice displayed activatory phenotype with enhanced IFN-γ production and cytotoxicity. The transfection of lentivirus containing antago-miR-16 sequences enhanced the NKG2D expression level of CD8+ T cells. However, no significant differences in CD8+ NKG2D+ T cell frequencies existed between wild-type and miR-15/16-transgenic mice because NKG2D was not expressed on the rest CD8+ T cells. When CD8+ T cells of miR-15/16-transgenic mice were treated with IL-2 in vitro, the magnitude of NKG2D expression and activation of CD8+ T cells was lower than that of wild-type mice. miR-15/16-/- mice showed that the exacerbation of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) with more CD8+ T cells accumulated in inflamed colons, whereas miR-15/16-transgenic mice ameliorated DSS-induced colitis with less infiltration of CD8+ T cells. When NKG2D+ cells were depleted with NKG2D antibody in miR-15/16-/- mice, the aggravated colitis disappeared. All these results demonstrated that NKG2D could be upregulated by decreased miR-16 in CD8+ T cells to mediate inflammation. Thus, gene therapy based on the overexpression of miR-16 in CD8+ T cells can be used for patients with inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Jia
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Xin Miao
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Xiangyu Hu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, China
| | - Weiming Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, China; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhengbing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, China; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, China.
| | - Weijuan Gong
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, China; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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12
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Lassen TR, Just J, Hjortbak MV, Jespersen NR, Stenz KT, Gu T, Yan Y, Su J, Hansen J, Bæk R, Jørgensen MM, Nyengaard JR, Kristiansen SB, Drasbek KR, Kjems J, Bøtker HE. Cardioprotection by remote ischemic conditioning is transferable by plasma and mediated by extracellular vesicles. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:16. [PMID: 33689033 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) by brief periods of limb ischemia and reperfusion protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. We studied the cardioprotective role of extracellular vesicles (EV)s released into the circulation after RIC and EV accumulation in injured myocardium. METHODS We used plasma from healthy human volunteers before and after RIC (pre-PLA and post-PLA) to evaluate the transferability of RIC. Pre- and post-RIC plasma samples were separated into an EV enriched fraction (pre-EV + and post-EV +) and an EV poor fraction (pre-EV- and post-EV-) by size exclusion chromatography. Small non-coding RNAs from pre-EV + and post-EV + were purified and profiled by NanoString Technology. Infarct size was compared in Sprague-Dawley rat hearts perfused with isolated plasma and fractions in a Langendorff model. In addition, fluorescently labeled EVs were used to assess homing in an in vivo rat model. (ClinicalTrials.gov, number: NCT03380663) RESULTS: Post-PLA reduced infarct size by 15% points compared with Pre-PLA (55 ± 4% (n = 7) vs 70 ± 6% (n = 8), p = 0.03). Post-EV + reduced infarct size by 16% points compared with pre-EV + (53 ± 15% (n = 13) vs 68 ± 12% (n = 14), p = 0.03). Post-EV- did not affect infarct size compared to pre-EV- (64 ± 3% (n = 15) and 68 ± 10% (n = 16), p > 0.99). Three miRNAs (miR-16-5p, miR-144-3p and miR-451a) that target the mTOR pathway were significantly up-regulated in the post-EV + group. Labelled EVs accumulated more intensely in the infarct area than in sham hearts. CONCLUSION Cardioprotection by RIC can be mediated by circulating EVs that accumulate in injured myocardium. The underlying mechanism involves modulation of EV miRNA that may promote cell survival during reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ravn Lassen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Just
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Vognstoft Hjortbak
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nichlas Riise Jespersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katrine Tang Stenz
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Research and Education, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yan Yan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Junyi Su
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Bæk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Kim Ryun Drasbek
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Research and Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Cargnoni A, Papait A, Masserdotti A, Pasotti A, Stefani FR, Silini AR, Parolini O. Extracellular Vesicles From Perinatal Cells for Anti-inflammatory Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:637737. [PMID: 33614619 PMCID: PMC7892960 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.637737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal cells, including cells from placenta, fetal annexes (amniotic and chorionic membranes), umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid display intrinsic immunological properties which very likely contribute to the development and growth of a semiallogeneic fetus during pregnancy. Many studies have shown that perinatal cells can inhibit the activation and modulate the functions of various inflammatory cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, including macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and T and B lymphocytes. These immunological properties, along with their easy availability and lack of ethical concerns, make perinatal cells very useful/promising in regenerative medicine. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained great interest as a new therapeutic tool in regenerative medicine being a cell-free product potentially capable, thanks to the growth factors, miRNA and other bioactive molecules they convey, of modulating the inflammatory microenvironment thus favoring tissue regeneration. The immunomodulatory actions of perinatal cells have been suggested to be mediated by still not fully identified factors (secretoma) secreted either as soluble proteins/cytokines or entrapped in EVs. In this review, we will discuss how perinatal derived EVs may contribute toward the modulation of the immune response in various inflammatory pathologies (acute and chronic) by directly targeting different elements of the inflammatory microenvironment, ultimately leading to the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cargnoni
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Papait
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Masserdotti
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Pasotti
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Rosa Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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14
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Augé H, Notarantonio AB, Morizot R, Quinquenel A, Fornecker LM, Hergalant S, Feugier P, Broséus J. Microenvironment Remodeling and Subsequent Clinical Implications in Diffuse Large B-Cell Histologic Variant of Richter Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:594841. [PMID: 33381116 PMCID: PMC7767850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Richter Syndrome (RS) is defined as the development of an aggressive lymphoma in the context of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), with a Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) histology in 95% cases. RS genomic landscape shares only a few features with de novo DLBCLs and is marked by a wide spectrum of cytogenetic abnormalities. Little is known about RS microenvironment. Therapeutic options and efficacy are limited, leading to a 12 months median overall survival. The new targeted treatments usually effective in CLL fail to obtain long-term remissions in RS. Methods We reviewed available PubMed literature about RS genomics, PD-1/PD-L1 (Programmed Death 1/Programmed Death Ligand 1) pathway triggering and subsequent new therapeutic options. Results Data from about 207 patients from four landmark papers were compiled to build an overview of RS genomic lesions and point mutations. A number of these abnormalities may be involved in tumor microenvironment reshaping. T lymphocyte exhaustion through PD-L1 overexpression by tumor cells and subsequent PD-1/PD-L1 pathway triggering is frequently reported in solid cancers. This immune checkpoint inhibitor is also described in B lymphoid malignancies, particularly CLL: PD-1 expression is reported in a subset of prolymphocytes from the CLL lymph node proliferation centers. However, there is only few data about PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in RS. In RS, PD-1 expression is a hallmark of recently described « Regulatory B-cells », which interact with tumor microenvironment by producing inhibiting cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-10, impairing T lymphocytes anti-tumoral function. Based upon the discovery of high PD-1 expression on tumoral B lymphocyte from RS, immune checkpoint blockade therapies such as anti-PD-1 antibodies have been tested on small RS cohorts and provided heterogeneous but encouraging results. Conclusion RS genetic landscape and immune evasion mechanisms are being progressively unraveled. New protocols using targeted treatments such as checkpoint inhibitors as single agents or in combination with immunochemotherapy are currently being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Augé
- Inserm UMRS1256 Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risque Environnementaux (N-GERE), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, service d'hématologie clinique, pôle spécialités médicales, Nancy, France
| | - Anne-Béatrice Notarantonio
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, service d'hématologie clinique, pôle spécialités médicales, Nancy, France.,UMR7365 Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMOPA), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Romain Morizot
- Inserm UMRS1256 Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risque Environnementaux (N-GERE), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, service d'hématologie clinique, pôle spécialités médicales, Nancy, France
| | - Anne Quinquenel
- Département d'hématologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Département d'hématologie clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Luc-Matthieu Fornecker
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC/UMR-S1113, Strasbourg, France.,Département d'hématologie clinique, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Hergalant
- Inserm UMRS1256 Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risque Environnementaux (N-GERE), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Feugier
- Inserm UMRS1256 Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risque Environnementaux (N-GERE), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, service d'hématologie clinique, pôle spécialités médicales, Nancy, France
| | - Julien Broséus
- Inserm UMRS1256 Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risque Environnementaux (N-GERE), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, service d'hématologie biologique, pôle laboratoires, Nancy, France
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15
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Gagnon JD, Kageyama R, Shehata HM, Fassett MS, Mar DJ, Wigton EJ, Johansson K, Litterman AJ, Odorizzi P, Simeonov D, Laidlaw BJ, Panduro M, Patel S, Jeker LT, Feeney ME, McManus MT, Marson A, Matloubian M, Sanjabi S, Ansel KM. miR-15/16 Restrain Memory T Cell Differentiation, Cell Cycle, and Survival. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2169-2181.e4. [PMID: 31433990 PMCID: PMC6715152 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinate control of T cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation are essential for host protection from pathogens and cancer. Long-lived memory cells, whose precursors are formed during the initial immunological insult, provide protection from future encounters, and their generation is the goal of many vaccination strategies. microRNAs (miRNAs) are key nodes in regulatory networks that shape effective T cell responses through the fine-tuning of thousands of genes. Here, using compound conditional mutant mice to eliminate miR-15/16 family miRNAs in T cells, we show that miR-15/16 restrict T cell cycle, survival, and memory T cell differentiation. High throughput sequencing of RNA isolated by cross-linking immunoprecipitation of AGO2 combined with gene expression analysis in miR-15/16-deficient T cells indicates that these effects are mediated through the direct inhibition of an extensive network of target genes within pathways critical to cell cycle, survival, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Gagnon
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robin Kageyama
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hesham M Shehata
- Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Marlys S Fassett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Darryl J Mar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric J Wigton
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kristina Johansson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Adam J Litterman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pamela Odorizzi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dimitre Simeonov
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Brian J Laidlaw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marisella Panduro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sana Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lukas T Jeker
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael T McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mehrdad Matloubian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shomyseh Sanjabi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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16
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Yin L, Zeng C, Yao J, Shen J. Emerging Roles for Noncoding RNAs in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5818080. [PMID: 32270194 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most frequent autoimmune disorders. However, the pathogenesis of AITD has not been fully elucidated. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that abnormal expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) is closely related to the etiopathogenesis of AITD. microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are 3 major groups of ncRNAs that are attracting increasing attention. Herein, we summarized our present knowledge on the role of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in AITD. This review focused on the importance of ncRNAs in development of the most prevalent AITD, such as Hashimoto disease and Graves' diseases. Altogether, the main purpose of this review is to provide new insights in the pathogenesis of AITD and the possibility of developing novel potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong Zeng
- Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
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17
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Wei H, Wu Q, Shi Y, Luo A, Lin S, Feng X, Jiang J, Zhang M, Wang F, Tan W. MicroRNA-15a/16/SOX5 axis promotes migration, invasion and inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14376-14390. [PMID: 32678069 PMCID: PMC7425471 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are key effector cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and display a unique aggressive tumor-like phenotype with remarkable hyperplasia, increased cell migration and invasion. How FLSs undergo these changes in RA remains unknown. We previously reported a novel function of transcription factor SOX5 in RA-FLSs that promote cell migration and invasion. In this study, we found that miR-15a/16 directly targets the SOX5 3’UTR and suppresses SOX5 expression. Moreover, miR-15a/16 is significantly down-regulated in RA-FLSs, which negatively correlates with SOX5 expression. Transfection with miR-15a/16 mimics in RA-FLSs inhibits cell migration, invasion, IL-1β and TNFα expression. Overexpression SOX5 in RA-FLSs decreases miR-15a/16 expression and rescues miR-15a/16-mediated inhibitory effect. Furthermore, RA patients with the lower baseline serum miR-15a/16 level present poor response of 3 months disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) therapy. Collectively, this study reveals that miR-15a/16/SOX5 axis functions as a key driver of RA-FLSs invasion, migration and inflammatory response in a mutual negative feedback loop and correlates with DMARDs treatment response in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- Division of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aishu Luo
- Division of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoke Feng
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jintao Jiang
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Miaojia Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Division of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
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18
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Ramaiah MJ. mTOR inhibition and p53 activation, microRNAs: The possible therapy against pandemic COVID-19. GENE REPORTS 2020; 20:100765. [PMID: 32835132 PMCID: PMC7324924 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
mTOR is a serine-threonine kinase and participates in cell proliferation, cellular metabolism was found to be activated during Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection and replication. During viral replication mTOR, downstream target genes such as ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta 1 (S6K1) and Eukaryotic translational initiation factor 4E-binding protein1 (4-E-BP1) are activated result in ribosome biosynthesis and efficient protein synthesis. In plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), mTOR plays a key role in the association of adapter protein myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF-7) leading to the transcriptional activation of type-I interferon (IFN) genes. Viruses also inactivate the interferon α (IFN-α) pathway by impairing the IRF-7 mediated activation of IFN-α gene transcription. Thus, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors can help in suppressing the early stages of viral infection and replication. Interestingly, the key tumor-suppressor p53 protein will undergo degradation by virus-encoded E3 ubiquitin ligase Ring-finger and CHY zinc-finger domain-containing 1 (RCHY1) leading to an increased viral survival in host cells. Thus, the mTOR inhibitors and p53 activators or microRNAs that functions as p53 and can target 3′-UTR of mTOR and RPS6KB1 might effectively inhibit viral replication in the human respiratory tract and lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekala Janaki Ramaiah
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Denzer L, Schroten H, Schwerk C. From Gene to Protein-How Bacterial Virulence Factors Manipulate Host Gene Expression During Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103730. [PMID: 32466312 PMCID: PMC7279228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria evolved many strategies to survive and persist within host cells. Secretion of bacterial effectors enables bacteria not only to enter the host cell but also to manipulate host gene expression to circumvent clearance by the host immune response. Some effectors were also shown to evade the nucleus to manipulate epigenetic processes as well as transcription and mRNA procession and are therefore classified as nucleomodulins. Others were shown to interfere downstream with gene expression at the level of mRNA stability, favoring either mRNA stabilization or mRNA degradation, translation or protein stability, including mechanisms of protein activation and degradation. Finally, manipulation of innate immune signaling and nutrient supply creates a replicative niche that enables bacterial intracellular persistence and survival. In this review, we want to highlight the divergent strategies applied by intracellular bacteria to evade host immune responses through subversion of host gene expression via bacterial effectors. Since these virulence proteins mimic host cell enzymes or own novel enzymatic functions, characterizing their properties could help to understand the complex interactions between host and pathogen during infections. Additionally, these insights could propose potential targets for medical therapy.
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20
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Chen Y, Shan T, Qu H, Chen Y, Wang N, Xia J. Inhibition of miR-16 Ameliorates Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Modulating Bcl-2 in Mouse Models. J Surg Res 2020; 253:185-192. [PMID: 32361613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, microRNA (miRNA) is considered as a potential therapy target. To study the regulatory mechanism and therapeutic effect of miRNAs on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we investigated microRNAs that regulate apoptosis-related protein B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). We examined the role of miR-16 in IBD and the effect of inhibiting the expression of miR-16 on disease progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dextran sulfate sodium was used to induce ulcerative colitis in mice. RNA and protein were extracted from the rectal mucosa of mice. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of miR-16 and Bcl-2. The effects of miR-16 on intestinal mucosal immunity were studied by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were detected. The weight changes, disease activity index, length of the rectal colon, and pathological score of the mice were used to evaluate the effect of inhibiting miR-16 on disease progression. Through the establishment of overexpression and low expression cell lines of miR-16, the regulation of miR-16 on Bcl-2 was studied. RESULTS MiR-16 was overexpressed in the IBD model, whereas Bcl-2 had lower expression in the mucosa. Inhibiting expression of miR-16 significantly decreased the expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. In mice, the weight change, disease activity index, and pathological score decreased in the experimental group, in which miR-16 was inhibited. High expression of miR-16 can inhibit Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS MiR-16 plays a critical role in IBD via Bcl-2 and is a promising target in IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Ting Shan
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Huiheng Qu
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yigang Chen
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Jiazeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.
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21
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Sharma S, Chatterjee A, Kumar P, Lal S, Kondabagil K. Upregulation of miR-101 during Influenza A Virus Infection Abrogates Viral Life Cycle by Targeting mTOR Pathway. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040444. [PMID: 32326380 PMCID: PMC7232138 DOI: 10.3390/v12040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding single-stranded RNA, which play an important role in modulating host-Influenza A virus (IAV) crosstalk. The interplay between influenza and miRNA interaction is defined by a plethora of complex mechanisms, which are not fully understood yet. Here, we demonstrate that in IAV infected A549 cells, a synchronous increase was observed in the expression of mTOR up to 24 hpi and significant downregulation at 48 hpi. Additionally, NP of IAV interacts with mTOR and modulates the levels of mTOR mRNA and protein, thus regulating the translation of host cell. RNA sequencing and qPCR analysis of IAV-infected A549 cells and NP transfected cells revealed that miR-101 downregulates mTOR transcripts at later stages of infection. Ectopic expression of miR-101 mimic led to a decrease in expression of NP, a reduction in IAV titer and replication. Moreover, treatment of the cells with Everolimus, a potent inhibitor of mTOR, resulted in an increase of miR-101 transcript levels, which further suppressed the viral protein synthesis. Collectively, the data suggest a novel mechanism that IAV stimulates mTOR pathway at early stages of infection; however, at a later time-point, positive regulation of miR-101 restrains the mTOR expression, and hence, the viral propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.L.); or (K.K.); Tel.: +91-(22)-25764766 (S.S.); +60-3-5514-6000 (S.L.); +91-(22)-25767758 (K.K.); Fax: +91-(22)-25723480 (S.S. & K.K.); +60-3-5514-6184 (S.L.)
| | - Anirvan Chatterjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Purnima Kumar
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sunil Lal
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.L.); or (K.K.); Tel.: +91-(22)-25764766 (S.S.); +60-3-5514-6000 (S.L.); +91-(22)-25767758 (K.K.); Fax: +91-(22)-25723480 (S.S. & K.K.); +60-3-5514-6184 (S.L.)
| | - Kiran Kondabagil
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.L.); or (K.K.); Tel.: +91-(22)-25764766 (S.S.); +60-3-5514-6000 (S.L.); +91-(22)-25767758 (K.K.); Fax: +91-(22)-25723480 (S.S. & K.K.); +60-3-5514-6184 (S.L.)
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22
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Garavelli S, Bruzzaniti S, Tagliabue E, Prattichizzo F, Di Silvestre D, Perna F, La Sala L, Ceriello A, Mozzillo E, Fattorusso V, Mauri P, Puca AA, Franzese A, Matarese G, Galgani M, de Candia P. Blood Co-Circulating Extracellular microRNAs and Immune Cell Subsets Associate with Type 1 Diabetes Severity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020477. [PMID: 31940853 PMCID: PMC7013659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell subsets and microRNAs have been independently proposed as type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. Here, we aimed to analyze the relationships between peripheral blood circulating immune cell subsets, plasmatic microRNAs, and T1D. Blood samples were obtained from both children with T1D at diagnosis and age-sex matched healthy controls. Then, immunophenotype assessed by flow cytometry was coupled with the quantification of 60 plasmatic microRNAs by quantitative RT-PCR. The associations between immune cell frequency, plasmatic microRNAs, and the parameters of pancreatic loss, glycemic control, and diabetic ketoacidosis were assessed by logistic regression models and correlation analyses. We found that the increase in specific plasmatic microRNAs was associated with T1D disease onset (let-7c-5p, let-7d-5p, let-7f-5p, let-7i-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-423-3p, and miR-423-5p), serum C-peptide concentration (miR-142-5p and miR-29c-3p), glycated hemoglobin (miR-26a-5p and miR-223-3p) and the presence of ketoacidosis (miR-29c-3p) more strongly than the evaluated immune cell subset frequency. Some of these plasmatic microRNAs were shown to positively correlate with numbers of blood circulating B lymphocytes (miR-142-5p) and CD4+CD45RO+ (miR-146a-5p and miR-223-3p) and CD4+CD25+ cells (miR-423-3p and miR-223-3p) in children with T1D but not in healthy controls, suggesting a disease-specific microRNA association with immune dysregulation in T1D. In conclusion, our results suggest that, while blood co-circulating extracellular microRNAs and immune cell subsets may be biologically linked, microRNAs may better provide powerful information about T1D onset and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Garavelli
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.T.); (F.P.); (L.L.S.); (A.C.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Sara Bruzzaniti
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Tagliabue
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.T.); (F.P.); (L.L.S.); (A.C.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Francesco Prattichizzo
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.T.); (F.P.); (L.L.S.); (A.C.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ITB-CNR), 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy; (D.D.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Francesco Perna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Lucia La Sala
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.T.); (F.P.); (L.L.S.); (A.C.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Antonio Ceriello
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.T.); (F.P.); (L.L.S.); (A.C.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Enza Mozzillo
- Centro Regionale di Diabetologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Sezione di Pediatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy or (E.M.); (V.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Valentina Fattorusso
- Centro Regionale di Diabetologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Sezione di Pediatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy or (E.M.); (V.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ITB-CNR), 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy; (D.D.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Annibale A. Puca
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.T.); (F.P.); (L.L.S.); (A.C.); (A.A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria ”Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Università di Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Adriana Franzese
- Centro Regionale di Diabetologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Sezione di Pediatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy or (E.M.); (V.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); or (M.G.); (P.d.C.); Tel.: +39-08-1746-4580 (G.M.); +39-08-1746-4596 (M.G.); +39-02-5540-6534 (P.d.C.)
| | - Mario Galgani
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); or (M.G.); (P.d.C.); Tel.: +39-08-1746-4580 (G.M.); +39-08-1746-4596 (M.G.); +39-02-5540-6534 (P.d.C.)
| | - Paola de Candia
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.T.); (F.P.); (L.L.S.); (A.C.); (A.A.P.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); or (M.G.); (P.d.C.); Tel.: +39-08-1746-4580 (G.M.); +39-08-1746-4596 (M.G.); +39-02-5540-6534 (P.d.C.)
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23
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Goh SY, Chao YX, Dheen ST, Tan EK, Tay SSW. Role of MicroRNAs in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5649. [PMID: 31718095 PMCID: PMC6888719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disabling neurodegenerative disease that manifests with resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability. Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993, miRNAs have been shown to be important biological molecules involved in diverse processes to maintain normal cellular functions. Over the past decade, many studies have reported dysregulation of miRNA expressions in PD. Here, we identified 15 miRNAs from 34 reported screening studies that demonstrated dysregulation in the brain and/or neuronal models, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Specific miRNAs-of-interest that have been implicated in PD pathogenesis include miR-30, miR-29, let-7, miR-485 and miR-26. However, there are several challenges and limitations in drawing definitive conclusions due to the small sample size in clinical studies, varied laboratory techniques and methodologies and their incomplete penetrance of the blood-brain barrier. Developing an optimal delivery system and unravelling druggable targets of miRNAs in both experimental and human models and clinical validation of the results may pave way for novel therapeutics in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suh Yee Goh
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (S.Y.G.); (S.T.D.)
| | - Yin Xia Chao
- National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Medical Education, Research and Evaluation (MERE) department, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Shaikali Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (S.Y.G.); (S.T.D.)
| | - Eng-King Tan
- National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders (NBD) department, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Samuel Sam-Wah Tay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (S.Y.G.); (S.T.D.)
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24
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Autophagy as a consequence of seasonal functions of testis and epididymis in adult male European bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus 1758). Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:613-624. [PMID: 31705214 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The European bison is still an animal endangered with extinction, so by learning factors that regulate its reproduction, we can contribute to the survival of this species. On the other hand, autophagy is a dynamic, lisosomal, and evolutionary conserved process which is essential for animal cell survival, homeostasis, and differentiation. This process was demonstrated in many species and in many organs; however, information on the metabolic course of autophagy in the male reproductive system in seasonally reproducing species is lacking. Therefore, in this study, we examined for the first time several autophagy-related factors (mTOR, ULK1, Atg13, PI3K, beclin1, beclin2, Atg14, Atg5, Atg16L, LC3) in testicular and epididymal tissues obtained from adult male individuals of the European bison. We compared the level of gene expression, protein synthesis, and localization of autophagy-related factors between June, September, and December (before, during, and after reproductive activity, respectively). We confirmed that the induction of autophagy was at the highest level in the period after reproductive activity, i.e., in December, when a significant increase in the gene and protein expression was observed for the majority of these factors, probably to ensure cellular protection. However, autophagy was also clearly marked in September, during the intense spermatogenesis, and this may indicate a great demand for autophagy-related proteins required for the normal development of reproductive cells. Obtained results seem to confirm that autophagy pathway, as a consequence of seasonal reproduction, may control the normal course of spermatogenesis in the male European bison.
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25
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Yamada K, Takizawa S, Ohgaku Y, Asami T, Furuya K, Yamamoto K, Takahashi F, Hamajima C, Inaba C, Endo K, Matsui R, Kitamura H, Tanaka S. MicroRNA 16-5p is upregulated in calorie-restricted mice and modulates inflammatory cytokines of macrophages. Gene 2019; 725:144191. [PMID: 31654705 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) has long been known to increase median and maximal lifespans and to decrease mortality and morbidity in short-lived animal models, likely by altering fundamental biological processes that regulate aging and longevity. However, the detailed mechanisms of immunomodulation by CR remain unclear. In this study, we established a mouse model for CR and analyzed the changes of immune cells in these mice. The CR mice fed a calorie-restricted diet for 4 weeks had lower body weight and fat mass compared with control mice. The proportions of CD4+, CD8+, and naïve CD4+ T cells in spleen cells from CR mice were higher than those in of control mice. Additionally, the proportion of CD8+ T cells was significantly decreased and the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the colon of CR mice was significantly decreased compared with those of control mice. To determine the effect of CR on microRNA (miRNA) expression, serum and tissues were collected from mice and the expression level of miRNA was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. As a result, the expressions of miR-16-5p, miR-196b-5p, and miR-218-5p in serum from CR mice were higher than those in control mice. The expression of miR-16-5p increased in the spleen, thymus, colon, and stomach of CR mice compared with expression in control mice. Furthermore, RAW264 cells transfected with a miR-16-5p mimic significantly decreased the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α under LPS stimulation. These results suggested that miR-16-5p might be a critical factor involving the anti-inflammatory effects of calorie-restricted feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yamada
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Seiya Takizawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohgaku
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Takuya Asami
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Kanon Furuya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Kana Yamamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Fuka Takahashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Chisato Hamajima
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Chihiro Inaba
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Katsunori Endo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Rina Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Kitamura
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 090-0815, Japan
| | - Sachi Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
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26
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Colamatteo A, Micillo T, Bruzzaniti S, Fusco C, Garavelli S, De Rosa V, Galgani M, Spagnuolo MI, Di Rella F, Puca AA, de Candia P, Matarese G. Metabolism and Autoimmune Responses: The microRNA Connection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1969. [PMID: 31555261 PMCID: PMC6722206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct metabolic pathways are known to regulate growth, differentiation, survival, and activation of immune cells by providing energy and specific biosynthetic precursors. Compelling experimental evidence demonstrates that effector T cell functions are coupled with profound changes in cellular metabolism. Importantly, the effector T cell-dependent “anti-self” response characterizing the autoimmune diseases is accompanied by significant metabolic alterations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), evolutionary conserved small non-coding RNA molecules that affect gene expression by binding to target messenger RNAs, are now known to regulate multiple functions of effector T cells, including the strength of their activation, thus contributing to immune homeostasis. In this review, we will examine the most recent studies that describe miRNA direct involvement in the metabolic reprogramming that marks effector T cell functions. In particular, we will focus on the work showing a connection between miRNA regulatory function and the molecular network dysregulation that leads to metabolic pathway derangement in autoimmunity. Finally, we will also speculate on the possibility that the interplay between miRNAs and metabolism in T cells may help identify novel miRNA-based therapeutic strategies to treat effector T cell immunometabolic alterations in pathological conditions such as autoimmunity and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Colamatteo
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federi II", Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Micillo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Bruzzaniti
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Clorinda Fusco
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federi II", Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Garavelli
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia, Unità di Neuroimmunologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rella
- Dipartimento di Senologia, Oncologia Medica, IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Annibale A Puca
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Paola de Candia
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federi II", Naples, Italy.,Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
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27
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Jiang S. A Regulator of Metabolic Reprogramming: MicroRNA Let-7. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1005-1013. [PMID: 31128429 PMCID: PMC6531867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Let-7, a gene firstly known to control the timing of Caenorhabditis elegans larval development does not code for a protein but instead produces small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs. Higher animals have multiple isoforms of mature let-7 microRNAs. Mature let-7 family members share the same “seed sequence” and distinct from each other slightly by ‘non-seed’ sequence region. Let-7 has emerged as a central regulator of systemic energy homeostasis and it displays remarkable plasticity in metabolic responses to nutrients availability and physiological activities. In this review, we discuss recent studies highlighting post-transcriptional mechanisms that govern metabolic reprogramming in distinct cells by let-7. We focus on the participation of the let-7 clusters in immune cells, and suggest that tissue-specific regulation of the let-7 clusters by engineered mouse models might impact metabolic homeostasis and will be required to elucidate their physiological and pathological roles in the in vivo disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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28
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Dong Y, Chen H, Gao J, Liu Y, Li J, Wang J. Bioactive Ingredients in Chinese Herbal Medicines That Target Non-coding RNAs: Promising New Choices for Disease Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:515. [PMID: 31178721 PMCID: PMC6537929 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are widely used in China and have long been a powerful method to treat diseases in Chinese people. Bioactive ingredients are the main components extracted from herbs that have therapeutic properties. Since artemisinin was discovered to inhibit malaria by Nobel laureate Youyou Tu, extracts from natural plants, particularly bioactive ingredients, have aroused increasing attention among medical researchers. The bioactive ingredients of some CHMs have been found to target various non-coding RNA molecules (ncRNAs), especially miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, which have emerged as new treatment targets in numerous diseases. Here we review the evidence that, by regulating the expression of ncRNAs, these ingredients exert protective effects, including pro-apoptosis, anti-proliferation and anti-migration, anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-infection, anti-senescence, and suppression of structural remodeling. Consequently, they have potential as treatment agents in diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, nervous system disease, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, infectious diseases, and senescence-related diseases. Although research has been relatively limited and inadequate to date, the promising choices and new alternatives offered by bioactive ingredients for the treatment of the above diseases warrant serious investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hengwen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jialiang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gilles ME, Slack FJ. Let-7 microRNA as a potential therapeutic target with implications for immunotherapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:929-939. [PMID: 30328720 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1535594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of small non-coding RNA that play a major role in various cellular processes by negatively regulating gene expression. In the past decade, miRNA dysregulation has been reported to be closely linked to inflammatory diseases. The immune response modulates cancer initiation and progression; miRNAs including let-7 family members have been shown to act as key regulators of the immune responses in various diseases and cancers. Notably, the let-7 miRNA has been reported to be closely associated with immunity, specifically with Toll-like receptors that mediate cytokine expression during pathogen infection and with the regulation of various other immune effectors. Areas covered: In this review, the authors describe the discovery of let-7 as the starting point of the RNA revolution and highlight let-7 as an efficient tool for cancer and immune therapy. Expert opinion: let-7 miRNA has emerged as a key player in cancer therapy and immune responses and it has potential role as a new immunotherapeutic target. However, while there are challenges regarding miRNA delivery, the exciting emergence of personalized medicine for cancer and immunotherapy could be beneficial for the development of let-7 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud-Emmanuelle Gilles
- a Harvard Medical School initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology , Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Frank J Slack
- a Harvard Medical School initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology , Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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30
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Rodríguez-Galán A, Fernández-Messina L, Sánchez-Madrid F. Control of Immunoregulatory Molecules by miRNAs in T Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2148. [PMID: 30319616 PMCID: PMC6167432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNA targeting of key immunoregulatory molecules fine-tunes the immune response. This mechanism boosts or dampens immune functions to preserve homeostasis while supporting the full development of effector functions. MiRNA expression changes during T cell activation, highlighting that their function is constrained by a specific spatiotemporal frame related to the signals that induce T cell-based effector functions. Here, we update the state of the art regarding the miRNAs that are differentially expressed during T cell stimulation. We also revisit the existing data on miRNA function in T cell activation, with a special focus on the modulation of the most relevant immunoregulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodríguez-Galán
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lola Fernández-Messina
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Biological Aspects of mTOR in Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082396. [PMID: 30110936 PMCID: PMC6121663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central processor of intra- and extracellular signals, regulating many fundamental cellular processes such as metabolism, growth, proliferation, and survival. Strong evidences have indicated that mTOR dysregulation is deeply implicated in leukemogenesis. This has led to growing interest in the development of modulators of its activity for leukemia treatment. This review intends to provide an outline of the principal biological and molecular functions of mTOR. We summarize the current understanding of how mTOR interacts with microRNAs, with components of cell metabolism, and with controllers of apoptotic machinery. Lastly, from a clinical/translational perspective, we recapitulate the therapeutic results in leukemia, obtained by using mTOR inhibitors as single agents and in combination with other compounds.
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32
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Emerging roles of microRNAs in the metabolic control of immune cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 433:10-17. [PMID: 29935373 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunometabolism is an emerging field that focuses on the role of cellular metabolism in the regulation of immune cells. Recent studies have revealed an intensive link between the metabolic state and the functions of immune cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding, single-stranded RNAs generally consisting of 18-25 nucleotides that exert crucial roles in regulating gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Although the role of miRNAs in immune regulation has long been recognized, their roles in immunometabolism have not yet been well established. Over the past decade, increasing studies have proven that miRNAs are intensively involved in the metabolic control of immune cells including macrophages, T cells, B cells and dendritic cells. In this review, we highlight recent emerging findings in the miRNA-mediated metabolic control of immune cells.
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Pobezinsky LA, Wells AC. Let's fight cancer: let-7 is a tool to enhance antitumor immune responses. Future Oncol 2018; 14:1141-1145. [PMID: 29683340 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Pobezinsky
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Alexandria C Wells
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Lu Z, Liu J, Liu X, Huang E, Yang J, Qian J, Zhang D, Liu R, Chu Y. MicroRNA 15a/16-1 suppresses aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent interleukin-22 secretion in CD4 + T cells and contributes to immune-mediated organ injury. Hepatology 2018; 67:1027-1040. [PMID: 29023933 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22), as a link between leukocytic and nonleukocytic cells, has gained increasing attention for its pronounced tissue-protective properties. MicroRNAs, emerging as crucial immune modulators, have been reported to be involved in the production and action of various cytokines. However, the precise control of IL-22 by microRNAs and its subsequent actions remained to be elucidated. In this study, we found a negative correlation between the expression of microRNA 15a/16-1 (miR-15a/16-1) and IL-22 in the model of concanavalin A-induced, immune-mediated liver injury. Knockout of miR-15a/16-1 ameliorated liver injury in an IL-22-dependent manner. Further results revealed that cluster of differentiation 4-positive (CD4+ ) T cells were the major source of IL-22 during liver injury and that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor was the direct target of miR-15a/16-1 in CD4+ T cells. In vivo and in vitro data showed that miR-15a/16-1 knockout CD4+ T cells produced more IL-22, while overexpression of miR-15a/16-1 down-regulated the IL-22 production by inhibiting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Moreover, transfer of miR-15a/16-1 knockout CD4+ T cells promoted tissue repair compared to wild-type CD4+ T cells by up-regulating IL-22. In addition, as a synergistic effect, IL-22 could down-regulate miR-15a/16-1 expression by activating phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-c-myc signaling, and the decrease of miR-15a/16-1 in damaged hepatocytes contributed to IL-22-mediated tissue repair by reducing cell apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation. As further proof, we demonstrated the role of miR-15a/16-1 in controlling IL-22 production and IL-22-mediated reconstruction of the intestinal epithelial barrier in a dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that miR-15a/16-1 acts as a essential regulator of IL-22 and that the miR-15a/16-1-aryl hydrocarbon receptor-IL-22 regulatory axis plays a central role in tissue repair; modulation of miR-15a/16-1 might hold promise in developing new strategies to enhance IL-22-mediated tissue repair. (Hepatology 2018;67:1027-1040).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Enyu Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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35
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Marçais A, Marotel M, Degouve S, Koenig A, Fauteux-Daniel S, Drouillard A, Schlums H, Viel S, Besson L, Allatif O, Bléry M, Vivier E, Bryceson Y, Thaunat O, Walzer T. High mTOR activity is a hallmark of reactive natural killer cells and amplifies early signaling through activating receptors. eLife 2017; 6:26423. [PMID: 28875936 PMCID: PMC5628014 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cell education is the process through which chronic engagement of inhibitory NK cell receptors by self MHC-I molecules preserves cellular responsiveness. The molecular mechanisms responsible for NK cell education remain unclear. Here, we show that mouse NK cell education is associated with a higher basal activity of the mTOR/Akt pathway, commensurate to the number of educating receptors. This higher activity was dependent on the SHP-1 phosphatase and essential for the improved responsiveness of reactive NK cells. Upon stimulation, the mTOR/Akt pathway amplified signaling through activating NK cell receptors by enhancing calcium flux and LFA-1 integrin activation. Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR resulted in a proportional decrease in NK cell reactivity. Reciprocally, acute cytokine stimulation restored reactivity of hyporesponsive NK cells through mTOR activation. These results demonstrate that mTOR acts as a molecular rheostat of NK cell reactivity controlled by educating receptors and uncover how cytokine stimulation overcomes NK cell education. The cells of the immune system patrol the body to detect and destroy harmful microbes and diseased cells. Natural killer cells are immune cells with a natural capacity to kill infected or cancerous cells, as their name suggests. Importantly, they do so while sparing the surrounding healthy cells. As natural killer cells mature they go through an “education” process to learn to distinguish between normal and abnormal cells. During education, the natural killer cells interact continuously with nearby healthy cells. However, it remains unknown how these interactions change the natural killer cells, or how these changes control their killing activity. Marçais et al. now show that a protein called mTOR is essential to the education of natural killer cells. Comparing natural killer cells that had or had not completed the education process revealed that mTOR is more active in the educated cells. Moreover, inhibiting the activity of mTOR caused educated natural killer cells to lose their ability to identify diseased cells, while stimulating mTOR activity in uneducated natural killer cells mimicked the education process, allowing them to recognize and eliminate diseased host cells. Certain nutrients are known to control the activity of mTOR, which suggests these nutrients could also affect how natural killer cells develop. In addition, manipulating the activity of mTOR could be used to control the response of natural killer cells to diseased host cells, and so could form part of treatments for cancer and infectious diseases. However, given that mTOR plays numerous roles within different body cells, any potential therapies that are developed would need to be able to manipulate mTOR specifically in natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Marçais
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Marotel
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Degouve
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Alice Koenig
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Fauteux-Daniel
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Annabelle Drouillard
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Heinrich Schlums
- Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sébastien Viel
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Laurie Besson
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Omran Allatif
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | | | - Eric Vivier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Immunologie, Marseille, France
| | - Yenan Bryceson
- Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Broegelmann Research Laboratory, The Gades Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Walzer
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
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36
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Keck J, Gupta R, Christenson LK, Arulanandam BP. MicroRNA mediated regulation of immunity against gram-negative bacteria. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 36:287-299. [PMID: 28800263 PMCID: PMC6904929 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2017.1347649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence over the last couple decades has comprehensively established that short, highly conserved, non-coding RNA species called microRNA (miRNA) exhibit the ability to regulate expression and function of host genes at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level. MicroRNAs play key regulatory roles in immune cell development, differentiation, and protective function. Intrinsic host immune response to invading pathogens rely on intricate orchestrated events in the development of innate and adaptive arms of immunity. We discuss the involvement of miRNAs in regulating these processes against gram negative pathogens in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Keck
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Center of Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249
| | - Rishein Gupta
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Center of Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249
| | - Lane K. Christenson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Bernard P. Arulanandam
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Center of Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249
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37
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Yang J, Liu R, Deng Y, Qian J, Lu Z, Wang Y, Zhang D, Luo F, Chu Y. MiR-15a/16 deficiency enhances anti-tumor immunity of glioma-infiltrating CD8+ T cells through targeting mTOR. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2082-2092. [PMID: 28758198 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MiR-15a/16, a miRNA cluster located at chromosome 13q14, has been reported to act as an immune regulator in inflammatory disorders besides its aberrant expression in cancers. However, little is known about its regulation in tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In our study, using an orthotropic GL261 mouse glioma model, we found that miR-15a/16 deficiency in host inhibited tumor growth and prolonged mice survival, which might be associated with the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. More importantly, tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells without miR-15a/16 showed lower expression of PD-1, Tim-3 and LAG-3, and stronger secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α than WT tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Also, our in vitro experiments further confirmed that miR-15a/16-/- CD8+ T displayed higher active phenotypes, more cytokines secretion and faster expansion, compared to WT CD8+ T cells. Mechanismly, mTOR was identified as a target gene of miR-15a/16 to negatively regulate the activation of CD8+ T cells. Taken together, these data suggest that miR-15a/16 deficiency resists the exhaustion and maintains the activation of glioma-infiltrating CD8+ T cells to alleviate glioma progression via targeting mTOR. Our findings provide evidence for the potential immunotherapy through targeting miR-15a/16 in tumor-infiltrating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Deng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuedi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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38
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Gaudet AD, Fonken LK, Watkins LR, Nelson RJ, Popovich PG. MicroRNAs: Roles in Regulating Neuroinflammation. Neuroscientist 2017; 24:221-245. [PMID: 28737113 DOI: 10.1177/1073858417721150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that broadly affect cellular and physiological function in all multicellular organisms. Here, the role of miRNAs in neuroinflammation is considered. miRNAs are 21- to 23-oligonucleotide RNAs that regulate translation of specific RNAs by binding to complementary regulatory RNA sequences, thereby causing mRNA degradation or sequestration. More than 5000 miRNAs likely exist in humans, and each miRNA binds an average of 200 RNAs. Specific immunomodulatory miRNAs can regulate a set of RNAs in a coordinated manner, suggesting that effective miRNA-based therapeutic manipulations for neuroinflammatory conditions may be revealed. For instance, miRNAs that preferentially inhibit translation of many cellular anti-inflammatory proteins could drive a pro-inflammatory response. Key pro-inflammatory ( miR-155, miR-27b, miR-326), anti-inflammatory ( miR-124, miR-146a, miR-21, miR-223), and mixed immunomodulatory ( let-7 family) miRNAs regulate neuroinflammation in various pathologies, including spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. miRNAs represent a newly revealed layer of physiological complexity, the therapeutic benefits of which remain to be fully explored and exploited. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in neuroinflammatory regulation and discuss how controlling miRNAs could alter cellular machinery to improve neuroinflammatory dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Gaudet
- 1 Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA.,2 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Laura K Fonken
- 1 Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA.,2 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Linda R Watkins
- 1 Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA.,2 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Randy J Nelson
- 3 Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,4 Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- 3 Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,4 Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,5 Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Hou HW, Wang JM, Wang D, Wu R, Ji ZL. Triptolide exerts protective effects against fibrosis following ileocolonic anastomosis by mechanisms involving the miR-16-1/HSP70 pathway in IL-10-deficient mice. Int J Mol Med 2017. [PMID: 28627592 PMCID: PMC5505014 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgeries, particularly ileocecal resection (ICR), are often required in the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD). However, recurrences are common for patients who undergo ICR, and anastomotic fibrosis is the main cause of re-operation. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of triptolide (TPL) in ameliorating fibrosis following ileocolonic anastomosis. A model of IL-10−/− mice undergoing ICR was used to study post surgical inflammation and fibrosis of anastomosis. For this purpsose, interleukin (IL)-10−/− mice were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows: the control group, the saline-treated group subjected to ICR (ST-ICR) and the TPL-treated group subjected to ICR (TT-ICR). Wild-type (WT) mice of matching ages were assigned to the WT group. The effects of TPL treatment on ileocolonic anastomosis were determined by histopathological evaluation, western blot analysis and ELISA. The analysis of the effects of TPL treatment on microRNA-16-1 (miR-16-1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression was carried out by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, significantly higher inflammation scores following anastomosis were observed in the ST-ICR group (P<0.05), although reversion was observed in the TT-ICR group, which was consistent with changes in the area of CD4+ cell infiltration. The elevated fibrosis scores and the overexpression of procollagen I and III in the ST-ICR group were all inhibited by TPL. With an increase in the severity of inflammation and fibrosis, the levels of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) increased; however, a significant decrease in these levels was observed following treatment with TPL (P<0.05). The results of RT-qPCR revealed that the upregulated miR-16-1 levels in the ST-ICR group were significantly reduced by TPL. HSP70, which can be inhibited by miR-16-1, ameliorates anastomotic inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, the present study demonstrates that TPL exerts a protective effect against fibrosis following anastomosis in CD. The miR-16-1/HSP70 signaling pathway, which can be regulated by TPL, may thus represent a novel therapeutic option in CD that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Min Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Ling Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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40
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Duval M, Cossart P, Lebreton A. Mammalian microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the host-bacterial pathogen crosstalk. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 65:11-19. [PMID: 27381344 PMCID: PMC7089780 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression regulation is a critical question in host-pathogen interactions, and RNAs act as key players in this process. In this review, we focus on the mammalian RNA response to bacterial infection, with a special interest on microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. We discuss the role of cellular miRNAs in immunity, the implication of circulating miRNAs as well as the influence of the microbiome on the miRNA response. We also review how pathogens counteract the host miRNA expression. Interestingly, bacterial non-coding RNAs regulate host gene expression and conversely eukaryotic miRNAs may regulate bacterial gene expression. Overall, the characterization of RNA regulatory networks represents an emerging theme in the field of host pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Duval
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm, U604, 75015 Paris, France; INRA, USC2020, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm, U604, 75015 Paris, France; INRA, USC2020, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Alice Lebreton
- École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Équipe Infection et Devenir de l'ARN, 75005 Paris, France; INRA, IBENS, 75005 Paris, France.
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41
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Devarapu SK, Lorenz G, Kulkarni OP, Anders HJ, Mulay SR. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity and Lupus Nephritis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 332:43-154. [PMID: 28526137 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity involves immune responses directed against self, which are a result of defective self/foreign distinction of the immune system, leading to proliferation of self-reactive lymphocytes, and is characterized by systemic, as well as tissue-specific, inflammation. Numerous mechanisms operate to ensure the immune tolerance to self-antigens. However, monogenetic defects or genetic variants that weaken immune tolerance render susceptibility to the loss of immune tolerance, which is further triggered by environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the phenomenon of immune tolerance, genetic and environmental factors that influence the immune tolerance, factors that induce autoimmunity such as epigenetic and transcription factors, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, extracellular vesicles, ion channels, and lipid mediators, as well as costimulatory or coinhibitory molecules that contribute to an autoimmune response. Further, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of autoimmune tissue injury and inflammation during systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Devarapu
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - G Lorenz
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Abteilung für Nephrologie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - H-J Anders
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S R Mulay
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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42
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Raghuraman S, Donkin I, Versteyhe S, Barrès R, Simar D. The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Inflammation and Immunometabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:782-795. [PMID: 27444065 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent research developments have shed light on the risk factors contributing to metabolic complications, implicating both genetic and environmental factors, potentially integrated by epigenetic mechanisms. Distinct epigenetic changes in immune cells are frequently observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and these are associated with alterations in the phenotype, function, and trafficking patterns of these cells. The first step in the development of effective therapeutic strategies is the identification of distinct epigenetic signatures associated with metabolic disorders. In this review we provide an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms influencing immune cell phenotype and function, summarize current knowledge about epigenetic changes affecting immune functions in the context of metabolic diseases, and discuss the therapeutic options currently available to counteract epigenetically driven metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Raghuraman
- Inflammation and Infection Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ida Donkin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Soetkin Versteyhe
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- Inflammation and Infection Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Simar
- Inflammation and Infection Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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43
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Dou R, Nishihara R, Cao Y, Hamada T, Mima K, Masuda A, Masugi Y, Shi Y, Gu M, Li W, da Silva A, Nosho K, Zhang X, Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci EL, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Qian ZR, Ogino S. MicroRNA let-7, T Cells, and Patient Survival in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:927-935. [PMID: 27737877 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence suggests that the let-7 family of noncoding RNAs suppresses adaptive immune responses, contributing to immune evasion by the tumor. We hypothesized that the amount of let-7a and let-7b expression in colorectal carcinoma might be associated with limited T-lymphocyte infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment and worse clinical outcome. Utilizing the molecular pathological epidemiology resources of 795 rectal and colon cancers in two U.S.-nationwide prospective cohort studies, we measured tumor-associated let-7a and let-7b expression levels by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, and CD3+, CD8+, CD45RO (PTPRC)+, and FOXP3+ cell densities by tumor tissue microarray immunohistochemistry and computer-assisted image analysis. Logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to assess associations of let-7a (and let-7b) expression (quartile predictor variables) with T-cell densities (binary outcome variables) and mortality, respectively, controlling for tumor molecular features, including microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, LINE-1 methylation, and KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations. Compared with cases in the lowest quartile of let-7a expression, those in the highest quartile were associated with lower densities of CD3+ [multivariate odds ratio (OR), 0.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.23-0.67; Ptrend = 0.003] and CD45RO+ cells (multivariate OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.17-0.58; Ptrend = 0.0004), and higher colorectal cancer-specific mortality (multivariate hazard ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.42-3.13; Ptrend = 0.001). In contrast, let-7b expression was not significantly associated with T-cell density or colorectal cancer prognosis. Our data support the role of let-7a in suppressing antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer and suggest let-7a as a potential target of immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(11); 927-35. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxu Dou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Atsuhiro Masuda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mancang Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wanwan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katsuhiko Nosho
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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44
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Lai P, Song Q, Yang C, Li Z, Liu S, Liu B, Li M, Deng H, Cai D, Jin D, Liu A, Bai X. Loss of Rictor with aging in osteoblasts promotes age-related bone loss. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2408. [PMID: 27735936 PMCID: PMC5133960 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblast dysfunction is a major cause of age-related bone loss, but the mechanisms underlying changes in osteoblast function with aging are poorly understood. This study demonstrates that osteoblasts in aged mice exhibit markedly impaired adhesion to the bone formation surface and reduced mineralization in vivo and in vitro. Rictor, a specific component of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) that controls cytoskeletal organization and cell survival, is downregulated with aging in osteoblasts. Mechanistically, we found that an increased level of reactive oxygen species with aging stimulates the expression of miR-218, which directly targets Rictor and reduces osteoblast bone surface adhesion and survival, resulting in a decreased number of functional osteoblasts and accelerated bone loss in aged mice. Our findings reveal a novel functional pathway important for age-related bone loss and support for miR-218 and Rictor as potential targets for therapeutic intervention for age-related osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinling Lai
- Academy of Orthopedics in Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiancheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Academy of Orthopedics in Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Academy of Orthopedics in Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Sichi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Mangmang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongwen Deng
- Academy of Orthopedics in Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Daozhang Cai
- Academy of Orthopedics in Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Dadi Jin
- Academy of Orthopedics in Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Anling Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Academy of Orthopedics in Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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45
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46
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Mayya V, Dustin ML. What Scales the T Cell Response? Trends Immunol 2016; 37:513-522. [PMID: 27364960 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
T cells are known to scale their clonal expansion and effector cytokine response according to the dose and strength of antigenic signal so as to balance their role of affecting protection with the intertwined and immunologically driven tissue damage. How T cells achieve this is now beginning to be understood. We underscore temporal integration of digital T cell receptor (TCR) signaling as the basis for achieving scaled response by means of accumulating crucial mediators over time. We also discuss the role of temporally integrated crosstalk between TCR and IL2 signaling in mediating a scaled, coherent, collective response by T cells. Finally, we highlight numerous known and putative regulatory interactions in the transcriptional program that are expected to quantitatively scale the T cell response, and also offer new mechanisms to hitherto unexplained observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viveka Mayya
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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47
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Degouve S, Tavares A, Viel S, Walzer T, Marçais A. NKp46-mediated Dicer1
inactivation results in defective NK-cell differentiation and effector functions in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1902-11. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Degouve
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; International Center for Infectiology Research; Lyon France
- Inserm; U1111 Lyon France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon France
- Université Lyon 1; Lyon France
- CNRS; UMR5308 Lyon France
| | - Armelle Tavares
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; International Center for Infectiology Research; Lyon France
- Inserm; U1111 Lyon France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon France
- Université Lyon 1; Lyon France
- CNRS; UMR5308 Lyon France
| | - Sébastien Viel
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; International Center for Infectiology Research; Lyon France
- Inserm; U1111 Lyon France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon France
- Université Lyon 1; Lyon France
- CNRS; UMR5308 Lyon France. Laboratoire d'Immunologie; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud; France
| | - Thierry Walzer
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; International Center for Infectiology Research; Lyon France
- Inserm; U1111 Lyon France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon France
- Université Lyon 1; Lyon France
- CNRS; UMR5308 Lyon France
| | - Antoine Marçais
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; International Center for Infectiology Research; Lyon France
- Inserm; U1111 Lyon France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon France
- Université Lyon 1; Lyon France
- CNRS; UMR5308 Lyon France
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48
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Istomine R, Pavey N, Piccirillo CA. Posttranscriptional and Translational Control of Gene Regulation in CD4+ T Cell Subsets. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:533-40. [PMID: 26747571 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is under strict regulatory control to ensure homeostasis of inflammatory responses, lying dormant when not needed but quick to act when called upon. Small changes in gene expression can lead to drastic changes in lineage commitment, cellular function, and immunity. Conventional assessment of these changes centered on the analysis of mRNA levels through a variety of methodologies, including microarrays. However, mRNA synthesis does not always correlate directly to protein synthesis and downstream functional activity. Work conducted in recent years has begun to shed light on the various posttranscriptional changes that occur in response to a dynamic external environment that a given cell type encounters. We provide a critical review of key posttranscriptional mechanisms (i.e., microRNA) and translational mechanisms of regulation of gene expression in the immune system, with a particular emphasis on these regulatory processes in various CD4(+) T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Istomine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada;Translational Immunology Unit, Program in Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; andFederation of Clinical Immunology Societies Center of Excellence, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - Nils Pavey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada;Translational Immunology Unit, Program in Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; andFederation of Clinical Immunology Societies Center of Excellence, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada;Translational Immunology Unit, Program in Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; andFederation of Clinical Immunology Societies Center of Excellence, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2R9, Canada
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49
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Abstract
Since their first discovery in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, miR-15a and miR-16 have been reported to act as tumor suppressors or potential oncomiRs in different types of cancer. This review summarizes the history, biological properties and the important functions of these two miRNAs in cancer. It also introduces their roles as regulators of immune responses and angiogenesis, endogenous controls as well as potential targets and hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyu Huang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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50
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Garo LP, Murugaiyan G. Contribution of MicroRNAs to autoimmune diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2041-51. [PMID: 26943802 PMCID: PMC11108434 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of evolutionarily conserved, short non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally modulate the expression of multiple target genes. They are implicated in almost every biological process, including pathways involved in immune homeostasis, such as immune cell development, central and peripheral tolerance, and T helper cell differentiation. Alterations in miRNA expression and function can lead to major dysfunction of the immune system and mediate susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Here, we discuss the role of miRNAs in the maintenance of immune tolerance to self-antigens and the gain or loss of miRNA functions on tissue inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien P Garo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Gopal Murugaiyan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, USA.
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