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Sasidharan A, Grosche A, Xu X, Kinane TB, Angoli D, Vidyasagar S. Select amino acids recover cytokine-altered ENaC function in human bronchial epithelial cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307809. [PMID: 39052685 PMCID: PMC11271875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium plays a pivotal role in regulating mucosal immunity and inflammation. Epithelial barrier function, homeostasis of luminal fluid, and mucociliary clearance are major components of mucosal defense mechanisms. The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is one of the key players in controlling airway fluid volume and composition, and characteristic cytokines cause ENaC and barrier dysfunctions following pulmonary infections or allergic reactions. Given the limited understanding of the requisite duration and magnitude of cytokines to affect ENaC and barrier function, available treatment options for restoring normal ENaC activity are limited. Previous studies have demonstrated that distinct amino acids can modulate epithelial ion channel activities and barrier function in intestines and airways. Here, we have investigated the time- and concentration-dependent effect of representative cytokines for Th1- (IFN-γ and TNF-α), Th2- (IL-4 and IL-13), and Treg-mediated (TGF-β1) immune responses on ENaC activity and barrier function in human bronchial epithelial cells. When cells were exposed to Th1 and Treg cytokines, ENaC activity decreased gradually while barrier function remained largely unaffected. In contrast, Th2 cytokines had an immediate and profound inhibitory effect on ENaC activity that was subsequently followed by epithelial barrier disruption. These functional changes were associated with decreased membrane protein expression of α-, β-, and γ-ENaC, and decreased mRNA levels of β- and γ-ENaC. A proprietary blend of amino acids was developed based on their ability to prevent Th2 cytokine-induced ENaC dysfunction. Exposure to the select amino acids reversed the inhibitory effect of IL-13 on ENaC activity by increasing mRNA levels of β- and γ-ENaC, and protein expression of γ-ENaC. This study indicates the beneficial effect of select amino acids on ENaC activity in an in vitro setting of Th2-mediated inflammation suggesting these amino acids as a novel therapeutic approach for correcting this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusree Sasidharan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Astrid Grosche
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - T. Bernard Kinane
- Pediatric Pulmonary Division, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Damiano Angoli
- Pediatric Pulmonary Division, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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2
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Calvo-Apalategi A, Nevado ML, Bravo-Gallego LY, González-Granado LI, Allende LM, Pena RR, López-Granados E, Reyburn HT. The lack of either IRF9, or STAT2, has surprisingly little effect on human natural killer cell development and function. Immunology 2024; 172:440-450. [PMID: 38514903 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Analysis of genetically defined immunodeficient patients allows study of the effect of the absence of specific proteins on human immune function in real-world conditions. Here we have addressed the importance of type I interferon signalling for human NK cell development by studying the phenotype and function of circulating NK cells isolated from patients suffering primary immunodeficiency disease due to mutation of either the human interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) or the signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) genes. IRF9, together with phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT2, form a heterotrimer called interferon stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) which promotes the expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes that mediate antiviral function triggered by exposure to type I interferons. IRF9- and STAT2-deficient patients are unable to respond efficiently to stimulation by type I interferons and so our experiments provide insights into the importance of type I interferon signalling and the consequences of its impairment on human NK cell biology. Surprisingly, the NK cells of these patients display essentially normal phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta López Nevado
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital 12 Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Ignacio González-Granado
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immunodeficiency Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Allende
- Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital 12 Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo López-Granados
- Department of Immunology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Lymphocyte Pathophysiology Group, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Burgess MO, Janas P, Berry K, Mayr H, Mack M, Jenkins SJ, Bain CC, McSorley HJ, Schwarze J. Helminth induced monocytosis conveys protection from respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38924546 DOI: 10.1111/all.16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants is a major cause of viral bronchiolitis and hospitalisation. We have previously shown in a murine model that ongoing infection with the gut helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus protects against RSV infection through type I interferon (IFN-I) dependent reduction of viral load. Yet, the cellular basis for this protection has remained elusive. Given that recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes to the lung is critical for early RSV infection control, we assessed their role in this coinfection model. METHODS Mice were infected by oral gavage with H. polygyrus. Myeloid immune cell populations were assessed by flow cytometry in lung, blood and bone marrow throughout infection and after secondary infection with RSV. Monocyte numbers were depleted by anti-CCR2 antibody or increased by intravenous transfer of enriched monocytes. RESULTS H. polygyrus infection induces bone marrow monopoiesis, increasing circulatory monocytes and lung mononuclear phagocytes in a IFN-I signalling dependent manner. This expansion causes enhanced lung mononuclear phagocyte counts early in RSV infection that may contribute to the reduction of RSV load. Depletion or supplementation of circulatory monocytes prior to RSV infection confirms that these are both necessary and sufficient for helminth induced antiviral protection. CONCLUSIONS H. polygyrus infection induces systemic monocytosis contributing to elevated mononuclear phagocyte numbers in the lung. These cells are central to an anti-viral effect that reduces the peak viral load in RSV infection. Treatments to promote or modulate these cells may provide novel paths to control RSV infection in high risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O Burgess
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Piotr Janas
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karla Berry
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hannah Mayr
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Jenkins
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Calum C Bain
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jurgen Schwarze
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Child Life and Health, Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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4
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Ding J, Yan X, Zhao C, Zhao D, Jia Y, Ren K, Wang Y, Lu J, Sun T, Zhao S, Li H, Guo J. The ratio of circulating CD56 dim NK cells to follicular T helper cells as a promising predictor for disease activity of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31533. [PMID: 38803865 PMCID: PMC11128518 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system primarily mediated by CD4+ T helper cells. This study investigated the dynamic changes of natural killer (NK) cells and follicular T helper (Tfh) cells and their associations in relapsing-remitting MS patients. The findings revealed inverse relationships between NK cells and CD4+ T cells or Tfh cells. Specifically, CD56dim NK cells, not CD56bright NK cells, were negatively correlated with CD4+ T cells and Tfh cells. However, no significant correlations were found between NK cells and sNfL levels or EDSS scores. The ratio of CD56dim NK cells to circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells demonstrated superior discriminatory ability in distinguishing relapsing MS patients from healthy controls (HCs) and remitting patients, as determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Following treatment with immunosuppressants or disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), a significant increase in the CD56dim NK/cTfh ratio was observed. These findings suggest that the CD56dim NK/cTfh ratio holds promise as a prognostic indicator for clinical relapse and treatment response in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ding
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Air Force Medical Center of PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Daidi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Kaixi Ren
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jiarui Lu
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Tangna Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Sijia Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Hongzeng Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
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5
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Chen H, Jian Z, Xu T, Xu L, Deng L, Shao L, Zhang L, He L, Li Y, Zhu L. Advances in the mechanism of inflammasomes activation in herpes virus infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1346878. [PMID: 38590522 PMCID: PMC10999540 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses, prevalent DNA viruses with a double-stranded structure, establish enduring infections and play a part in various diseases. Despite their deployment of multiple tactics to evade the immune system, both localized and systemic inflammatory responses are triggered by the innate immune system's recognition of them. Recent progress has offered more profound understandings of the mechanisms behind the activation of the innate immune system by herpesviruses, specifically through inflammatory signaling. This process encompasses the initiation of an intracellular nucleoprotein complex, the inflammasome associated with inflammation.Following activation, proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 are released by the inflammasome, concurrently instigating a programmed pathway for cell death. Despite the structural resemblances between herpesviruses, the distinctive methods of inflammatory activation and the ensuing outcomes in diseases linked to the virus exhibit variations.The objective of this review is to emphasize both the similarities and differences in the mechanisms of inflammatory activation among herpesviruses, elucidating their significance in diseases resulting from these viral infections.Additionally, it identifies areas requiring further research to comprehensively grasp the impact of this crucial innate immune signaling pathway on the pathogenesis of these prevalent viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hourui Chen
- 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lishuang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lina Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Leyi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youyou Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Balint E, Feng E, Giles EC, Ritchie TM, Qian AS, Vahedi F, Montemarano A, Portillo AL, Monteiro JK, Trigatti BL, Ashkar AA. Bystander activated CD8 + T cells mediate neuropathology during viral infection via antigen-independent cytotoxicity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:896. [PMID: 38316762 PMCID: PMC10844499 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Although many viral infections are linked to the development of neurological disorders, the mechanism governing virus-induced neuropathology remains poorly understood, particularly when the virus is not directly neuropathic. Using a mouse model of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, we found that the severity of neurological disease did not correlate with brain ZIKV titers, but rather with infiltration of bystander activated NKG2D+CD8+ T cells. Antibody depletion of CD8 or blockade of NKG2D prevented ZIKV-associated paralysis, suggesting that CD8+ T cells induce neurological disease independent of TCR signaling. Furthermore, spleen and brain CD8+ T cells exhibited antigen-independent cytotoxicity that correlated with NKG2D expression. Finally, viral infection and inflammation in the brain was necessary but not sufficient to induce neurological damage. We demonstrate that CD8+ T cells mediate virus-induced neuropathology via antigen-independent, NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity, which may serve as a therapeutic target for treatment of virus-induced neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Balint
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Feng
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Giles
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tyrah M Ritchie
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander S Qian
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Vahedi
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amelia Montemarano
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ana L Portillo
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan K Monteiro
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bernardo L Trigatti
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Cordeiro FP, Marchiori LLM, Teixeira DC, Andraus RAC, Poli RC. Plasma Levels of Interferon Gamma associated with Hearing Loss and Hearing Loss Sensation through the Handicap Questionnaire Inventory for the Elderly Screening Version. Noise Health 2024; 26:44-50. [PMID: 38570310 PMCID: PMC11141700 DOI: 10.4103/nah.nah_4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to verify the association between the auditory handicap found in the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening Version (HHIE-S) questionnaire and hearing loss and the plasma levels of inflammatory biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study with 76 participants, 67 (88%) females and 9 (12%) males, with a mean age of 70 years. Tonal threshold audiometry and self-assessment with HHIE-S questionnaire were performed to measure the plasma levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10; tumor necrosis factor alpha; and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) flow cytometry method. For all data analyzed, the significance level adopted was P < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS An inverse correlation was observed between the increase in plasma levels of IFN-γ and normal auditory handicap (P = 0.015; rs = -0.280). The severe handicap group showed an increase in the averages I (P = 0.005; rs = 0.350) and II (P = 0.016; rs = 0.368) in the right ear and the light/moderate handicap group increased the means I (P = 0.027; rs = 0.350) and II (P = 0.046; rs = 0.310) of the left ear. A statistically significant association was found between the speech recognition threshold (SRT) test results of the right ear and the severe handicap group (P = 0.002; rs = 0.271). CONCLUSIONS There was an association between the increase in plasma levels of IFN-γ and normal auditory handicap. Additionally, statistically significant associations were observed between the mild/moderate and severe handicap groups with the increase in hearing means and an increase in SRT associated with the severe handicap group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Regina Célia Poli
- Professor of the Master’s and Doctor’s Degree Associated in Rehabilitation Sciences UEL-UNOPAR
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8
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Fallahi P, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Patrizio A, Balestri E, Mazzi V, Benvenga S, Varricchi G, Gragnani L, Botrini C, Baldini E, Centanni M, Ferri C, Antonelli A, Ferrari SM. Thyroid Autoimmunity and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6365. [PMID: 37835009 PMCID: PMC10573843 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological culprit of COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19), can enter the cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which has been found in several tissues including in endocrine organs, such as the ovaries, testes, pancreas, and thyroid. Several thyroid disorders have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection [subacute thyroiditis (SAT), thyrotoxicosis, and non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS)] and, in part, they are believed to be secondary to the local virus replication within the gland cells. However, as documented for other viruses, SARS-CoV-2 seems to interfere with several aspects of the immune system, inducing the synthesis of autoantibodies and triggering latent or new onset autoimmune disease (AID), including autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), such as Hashimoto Thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD). Several mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain this induction of autoimmunity by SARS-CoV-2 infection: the immune system hyper-stimulation, the molecular mimicry between the self-antigens of the host and the virus, neutrophils extracellular traps, and finally, the virus induced transcriptional changes in the immune genes; nonetheless, more evidence is needed especially from large, long-term cohort studies involving COVID-19 patients, to establish or reject this pathogenetic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.F.); (S.R.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.E.); (F.R.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.E.); (F.R.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Sabrina Rosaria Paparo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.F.); (S.R.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Eugenia Balestri
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.E.); (F.R.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Valeria Mazzi
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.E.); (F.R.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine—Endocrinology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women’s Endocrine Health, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Women’s Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico “G. Martino”, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore”, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Gragnani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.F.); (S.R.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Chiara Botrini
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.E.); (F.R.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Endocrinology Section, ‘‘Sapienza’’ University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Endocrine Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL) Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Clodoveo Ferri
- Rheumatology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
- Rheumatology Clinic ‘Madonna Dello Scoglio’ Cotronei, 88836 Crotone, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.E.); (F.R.); (E.B.); (V.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
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Majewska-Szczepanik M, Kowalczyk P, Askenase PW, Szczepanik M. Natural killer cell-mediated contact dermatitis-like reaction induced by treatment with TLR3 ligand poly(I:C). Contact Dermatitis 2023; 89:230-240. [PMID: 37463838 PMCID: PMC10530359 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poly(I:C) is recognised by endosomal Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and activates cytotoxic CD8(+) lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. It has been shown that the viral TLR3 agonist induces robust and long-lasting T-cell-mediated responses. In addition, TLR3 modulates the contact hypersensitivity reaction. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether poly(I:C) injection can induce NK-mediated hapten reactivity in mice. METHODS Mice were treated with poly(I:C), and their response to dinitrofluorobenzene hapten was measured by assessing ear swelling and serum interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production. Adoptive cell transfer and cell sorting were used to investigate the mechanism of the reaction, and the phenotype of poly(I:C)-activated liver NK cells was determined by flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS The results showed that poly(I:C) administration increased ear swelling, serum IFN-γ levels and the response to hapten in both immunocompetent and T- and B-cell-deficient mice. Only liver poly(I:C)-activated DX5(+) NK cells were able to transfer reactivity to hapten into a naive recipient. Induction of liver NK cells after poly(I:C) administration was TLR3/TRIF- and IFN-γ-dependent, interleukin 12-independent, and not modulated by MyD88. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into how poly(I:C) stimulates NK-mediated reactivity to hapten and suggests that liver NK cells may modulate the immune response to non-pathogenic factors during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Majewska-Szczepanik
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Paulina Kowalczyk
- Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Philip W Askenase
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
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10
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Dempsey MP, Conrady CD. The Host-Pathogen Interplay: A Tale of Two Stories within the Cornea and Posterior Segment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2074. [PMID: 37630634 PMCID: PMC10460047 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular infectious diseases are an important cause of potentially preventable vision loss and blindness. In the following manuscript, we will review ocular immunology and the pathogenesis of herpesviruses and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections of the cornea and posterior segment. We will highlight areas of future research and what is currently known to promote bench-to-bedside discoveries to improve clinical outcomes of these debilitating ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Dempsey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Christopher D. Conrady
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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11
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Tadepalli S, Clements DR, Saravanan S, Hornero RA, Lüdtke A, Blackmore B, Paulo JA, Gottfried-Blackmore A, Seong D, Park S, Chan L, Kopecky BJ, Liu Z, Ginhoux F, Lavine KJ, Murphy JP, Mack M, Graves EE, Idoyaga J. Rapid recruitment and IFN-I-mediated activation of monocytes dictate focal radiotherapy efficacy. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd7446. [PMID: 37294749 PMCID: PMC10340791 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add7446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recruitment of monocytes and their differentiation into immunosuppressive cells is associated with the low efficacy of preclinical nonconformal radiotherapy (RT) for tumors. However, nonconformal RT (non-CRT) does not mimic clinical practice, and little is known about the role of monocytes after RT modes used in patients, such as conformal RT (CRT). Here, we investigated the acute immune response induced by after CRT. Contrary to non-CRT approaches, we found that CRT induces a rapid and robust recruitment of monocytes to the tumor that minimally differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages or dendritic cells but instead up-regulate major histocompatibility complex II and costimulatory molecules. We found that these large numbers of infiltrating monocytes are responsible for activating effector polyfunctional CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes that reduce tumor burden. Mechanistically, we show that monocyte-derived type I interferon is pivotal in promoting monocyte accumulation and immunostimulatory function in a positive feedback loop. We also demonstrate that monocyte accumulation in the tumor microenvironment is hindered when RT inadvertently affects healthy tissues, as occurs in non-CRT. Our results unravel the immunostimulatory function of monocytes during clinically relevant modes of RT and demonstrate that limiting the exposure of healthy tissues to radiation has a positive therapeutic effect on the overall antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Derek R. Clements
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sanjana Saravanan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Rebeca Arroyo Hornero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Anja Lüdtke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Beau Blackmore
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andres Gottfried-Blackmore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - David Seong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
| | - Soyoon Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Leslie Chan
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Kopecky
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Bâtiment de Médecine Moléculaire, Villejuif 94800, France
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John Patrick Murphy
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Edward E. Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
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12
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Koh JY, Ko JH, Lim SY, Bae S, Huh K, Cho SY, Kang CI, Chung DR, Chung CR, Kim SH, Peck KR, Lee JS. Triple immune modulator therapy for aberrant hyperinflammatory responses in severe COVID-19. Clin Immunol 2023; 251:109628. [PMID: 37119951 PMCID: PMC10139747 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
A dysregulated hyperinflammatory response is a key pathogenesis of severe COVID-19, but optimal immune modulator treatment has not been established. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of double (glucocorticoids and tocilizumab) and triple (plus baricitinib) immune modulator therapy for severe COVID-19, a retrospective cohort study was conducted. For the immunologic investigation, a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis was performed in serially collected PBMCs and neutrophil specimens. Triple immune modulator therapy was a significant factor in a multivariable analysis for 30-day recovery. In the scRNA-seq analysis, type I and II IFN response-related pathways were suppressed by GC, and the IL-6-associated signature was additionally downregulated by TOC. Adding BAR to GC and TOC distinctly downregulated the ISGF3 cluster. Adding BAR also regulated the pathologically activated monocyte and neutrophil subpopulation induced by aberrant IFN signals. Triple immune modulator therapy in severe COVID-19 improved 30-day recovery through additional regulation of the aberrant hyperinflammatory immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae-Hoon Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yun Lim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongman Bae
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Huh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Cho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-In Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Ryeon Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Ryang Chung
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Seok Lee
- Genome Insight, Inc., San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Lim YS, Lee AG, Jiang X, Scott JM, Cofie A, Kumar S, Kennedy D, Granville DJ, Shin H. NK cell-derived extracellular granzyme B drives epithelial ulceration during HSV-2 genital infection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112410. [PMID: 37071533 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genital herpes is characterized by recurrent episodes of epithelial blistering. The mechanisms causing this pathology are ill defined. Using a mouse model of vaginal herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection, we show that interleukin-18 (IL-18) acts upon natural killer (NK) cells to promote accumulation of the serine protease granzyme B in the vagina, coinciding with vaginal epithelial ulceration. Genetic loss of granzyme B or therapeutic inhibition by a specific protease inhibitor reduces disease and restores epithelial integrity without altering viral control. Distinct effects of granzyme B and perforin deficiency on pathology indicates that granzyme B acts independent of its classic cytotoxic role. IL-18 and granzyme B are markedly elevated in human herpetic ulcers compared with non-herpetic ulcers, suggesting engagement of these pathways in HSV-infected patients. Our study reveals a role for granzyme B in destructing mucosal epithelium during HSV-2 infection, identifying a therapeutic target to augment treatment of genital herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shiang Lim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aisha G Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaoping Jiang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jason M Scott
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Adjoa Cofie
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dania Kennedy
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada; BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Vancouver, BC V5V 3P1, Canada
| | - Haina Shin
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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14
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Role of Innate Interferon Responses at the Ocular Surface in Herpes Simplex Virus-1-Induced Herpetic Stromal Keratitis. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030437. [PMID: 36986359 PMCID: PMC10058014 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a highly successful pathogen that primarily infects epithelial cells of the orofacial mucosa. After initial lytic replication, HSV-1 enters sensory neurons and undergoes lifelong latency in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Reactivation from latency occurs throughout the host’s life and is more common in people with a compromised immune system. HSV-1 causes various diseases depending on the site of lytic HSV-1 replication. These include herpes labialis, herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), meningitis, and herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). HSK is an immunopathological condition and is usually the consequence of HSV-1 reactivation, anterograde transport to the corneal surface, lytic replication in the epithelial cells, and activation of the host’s innate and adaptive immune responses in the cornea. HSV-1 is recognized by cell surface, endosomal, and cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and activates innate immune responses that include interferons (IFNs), chemokine and cytokine production, as well as the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the site of replication. In the cornea, HSV-1 replication promotes type I (IFN-α/β) and type III (IFN-λ) IFN production. This review summarizes our current understanding of HSV-1 recognition by PRRs and innate IFN-mediated antiviral immunity during HSV-1 infection of the cornea. We also discuss the immunopathogenesis of HSK, current HSK therapeutics and challenges, proposed experimental approaches, and benefits of promoting local IFN-λ responses.
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15
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Kumar BA, Panickan S, Bindu S, Kumar V, Ramakrishnan S, Sonal, Shrivastava S, Dandapat S. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccine encapsulated in poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102679. [PMID: 37116285 PMCID: PMC10160591 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunization experiment was conducted in specific pathogen-free chickens with the inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine encapsulated in the poly-(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NP) to evaluate its immunogenicity and protective efficacy. The NDV vaccine was prepared by inactivating one virulent Indian strain of NDV belonging to Genotype VII by using beta-propiolactone. PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating inactivated NDV were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy and zeta sizer analysis revealed that the (PLGA+NDV) NP were spherical, with an average size of 300 nm, having a zeta potential of -6 mV. The encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency were 72% and 2.4%, respectively. On immunization trial in chicken, the (PLGA+NDV) NP induced significantly (P < 0.0001) higher levels of HI and IgY antibodies with the peak HI titer of 28 and higher expression of IL-4 mRNA. The consistency of higher antibody levels suggests slow and pulsatile release of the antigens from the (PLGA+NDV) NP. The nano-NDV vaccine also induced cell mediated immunity with higher expression of IFN-γ indicating strong Th1 mediated immune responses in contrast to the commercial oil adjuvanted inactivated NDV vaccine. Further, the (PLGA+NDV) NP afforded 100% protection against the virulent NDV challenge. Our results suggested that PLGA NP have adjuvant potential on induction of humoral as well as Th1 biased cell mediated immune responses and also enhanced protective efficacy of the inactivated NDV vaccine. This study provides an insight for development of PLGA NP based inactivated NDV vaccine using the same genotype circulating in the field as well as for other avian diseases at exigencies.
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16
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Erazo-Martínez V, Tobón GJ, Cañas CA. Circulating and skin biopsy-present cytokines related to the pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103262. [PMID: 36563771 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a common disease that may appear as a separate entity from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), precede SLE development, or occur as a manifestation of this systemic disease. It has a complex pathophysiology that involves genetic, environmental, and immune-mediated factors creating a self-amplification pro-inflammatory cycle. CLE is characterized by prominent type I interferons (IFNs) inflammation which are considered as the first precursors of the inflammatory cascade generated within the pathophysiology of CLE. TNF-α enhances the production of antibodies through the activation of B cells, and favors the expression of surface nuclear antigens on keratinocytes. UV light exposure favors keratinocyte apoptosis or necroptosis, which results in the release of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFNs, and CXCL10. Serum levels of IL-17 are elevated in patients with ACLE, SCLE, and DLE. Evidence suggests IL-22 plays a role primarily in tissue repair rather than in inflammation. High expression of BAFF and its receptors have been found in lesioned keratinocytes of patients with CLE, and patients with CLE have lower serum levels of the regulatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10. The chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 (CXCR3 ligands) have an increased expression among these patients, and their expression is correlated with IFNs levels. CXCR3 ligands recruit cytotoxic type I cells through this receptor, further supporting the death of keratinocytes via necroptosis with the subsequent release of eNAs perpetuating the inflammatory cycle. Interface dermatitis is characterized by the presence of CXCR3-positive lymphocytes. This review describes the leading cytokines and chemokines present in the circulation and skin that play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of CLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Erazo-Martínez
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Cra 98 No. 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia
| | - Gabriel J Tobón
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Carlos A Cañas
- Universidad Icesi, CIRAT: Centro de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoinmunidad y Medicina Traslacional, Calle 18 No. 122-135, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Valle del Lili, Unidad de Reumatología, Cra 98 No. 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.
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Bonaguro L, Schulte-Schrepping J, Carraro C, Sun LL, Reiz B, Gemünd I, Saglam A, Rahmouni S, Georges M, Arts P, Hoischen A, Joosten LA, van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG, Händler K, Mukherjee S, Ulas T, Schultze JL, Aschenbrenner AC. Human variation in population-wide gene expression data predicts gene perturbation phenotype. iScience 2022; 25:105328. [PMID: 36310583 PMCID: PMC9614568 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-scale datasets of healthy individuals capture genetic and environmental factors influencing gene expression. The expression variance of a gene of interest (GOI) can be exploited to set up a quasi loss- or gain-of-function "in population" experiment. We describe here an approach, huva (human variation), taking advantage of population-scale multi-layered data to infer gene function and relationships between phenotypes and expression. Within a reference dataset, huva derives two experimental groups with LOW or HIGH expression of the GOI, enabling the subsequent comparison of their transcriptional profile and functional parameters. We demonstrate that this approach robustly identifies the phenotypic relevance of a GOI allowing the stratification of genes according to biological functions, and we generalize this concept to almost 16,000 genes in the human transcriptome. Additionally, we describe how huva predicts monocytes to be the major cell type in the pathophysiology of STAT1 mutations, evidence validated in a clinical cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Schulte-Schrepping
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Caterina Carraro
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura L. Sun
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ioanna Gemünd
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Adem Saglam
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Georges
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Peer Arts
- Department of Human Genetics and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000 SA, Australia
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A.B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristian Händler
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE and University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sach Mukherjee
- Statistics and Machine Learning, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE and University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L. Schultze
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE and University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna C. Aschenbrenner
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Bi Q, Song X, Zhao Y, Hu X, Yang H, Jin R, Nie Y. Mucus-penetrating nonviral gene vaccine processed in the epithelium for inducing advanced vaginal mucosal immune responses. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1287-1302. [PMID: 36970203 PMCID: PMC10031263 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment of vaginal immune defenses at the mucosal interface layer through gene vaccines promise to prevent infectious diseases among females. Mucosal barriers composed of a flowing mucus hydrogel and tightly conjugated epithelial cells (ECs), which represent the main technical difficulties for vaccine development, reside in the harsh, acidic human vaginal environment. Different from frequently employed viral vectors, two types of nonviral nanocarriers were designed to concurrently overcome the barriers and induce immune responses. Differing design concepts include the charge-reversal property (DRLS) to mimic a virus that uses any cells as factories, as well as the addition of a hyaluronic acid coating (HA/RLS) to directly target dendritic cells (DCs). With a suitable size and electrostatic neutrality, these two nanoparticles penetrate a mucus hydrogel with similar diffusivity. The DRLS system expressed a higher level of the carried human papillomavirus type 16 L1 gene compared to HA/RLS in vivo. Therefore it induced more robust mucosal, cellular, and humoral immune responses. Moreover, the DLRS applied to intravaginal immunization induced high IgA levels compared with intramuscularly injected DNA (naked), indicating timely protection against pathogens at the mucus layer. These findings also offer important approaches for the design and fabrication of nonviral gene vaccines in other mucosal systems.
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Erb A, Zissler UM, Oelsner M, Chaker AM, Schmidt-Weber CB, Jakwerth CA. Genome-Wide Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Unique Genes Signatures of Epithelial Reorganization in Primary Airway Epithelium Induced by Type-I, -II and -III Interferons. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:929. [PMID: 36354438 PMCID: PMC9688329 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors such as toll-like receptors (TLR) induce the expression of interferons (IFNs) after viral infection that are critical to the first step in cell-intrinsic host defense mechanisms. Their differential influence on epithelial integrity genes, however, remains elusive. A genome-wide gene expression biosensor chip for gene expression sensing was used to examine the effects of type-I, -II, and -III IFN stimulation on the epithelial expression profiles of primary organotypic 3D air-liquid interface airway cultures. All types of IFNs induced similar interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs): OAS1, OAS2, and IFIT2. However, they differentially induced transcription factors, epithelial modulators, and pro-inflammatory genes. Type-I IFN-induced genes were associated with cell-cell adhesion and tight junctions, while type-III IFNs promoted genes important for transepithelial transport. In contrast, type-II IFN stimulated proliferation-triggering genes associated and enhanced pro-inflammatory mediator secretion. In conclusion, with our microarray system, we provide evidence that the three IFN types exceed their antiviral ISG-response by inducing distinct remodeling processes, thereby likely strengthening the epithelial airway barrier by enhancing cross-cell-integrity (I), transepithelial transport (III) and finally reconstruction through proliferation (II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Erb
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, 85746 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, 85746 Munich, Germany
| | - Madlen Oelsner
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, 85746 Munich, Germany
| | - Adam M. Chaker
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, 85746 Munich, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, 85746 Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze A. Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, 85746 Munich, Germany
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20
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Brigleb PH, Kouame E, Fiske KL, Taylor GM, Urbanek K, Medina Sanchez L, Hinterleitner R, Jabri B, Dermody TS. NK cells contribute to reovirus-induced IFN responses and loss of tolerance to dietary antigen. JCI Insight 2022; 7:159823. [PMID: 35993365 PMCID: PMC9462493 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.159823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is an immune-mediated intestinal disorder that results from loss of oral tolerance (LOT) to dietary gluten. Reovirus elicits inflammatory Th1 cells and suppresses Treg responses to dietary antigen in a strain-dependent manner. Strain type 1 Lang (T1L) breaks oral tolerance, while strain type 3 Dearing reassortant virus (T3D-RV) does not. We discovered that intestinal infection by T1L in mice leads to the recruitment and activation of NK cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) in a type I IFN-dependent manner. Once activated following infection, NK cells produce type II IFN and contribute to IFN-stimulated gene expression in the MLNs, which in turn induces inflammatory DC and T cell responses. Immune depletion of NK cells impairs T1L-induced LOT to newly introduced food antigen. These studies indicate that NK cells modulate the response to dietary antigen in the presence of a viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela H. Brigleb
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elaine Kouame
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kay L. Fiske
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Gwen M. Taylor
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Kelly Urbanek
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Luzmariel Medina Sanchez
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Reinhard Hinterleitner
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bana Jabri
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Terence S. Dermody
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and
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21
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Zhang J, Xu X, Duan S, Gao Y, Ma D, Yue R, Zeng F, Li X, Meng Z, Li X, Niu Z, Jiang G, Yu L, Liao Y, Li D, Wang L, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Li Q. Characterization of the Immunologic Phenotype of Dendritic Cells Infected With Herpes Simplex Virus 1. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931740. [PMID: 35865514 PMCID: PMC9294641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to viral envelope glycoprotein D binding to cellular membrane HVEM receptor, HSV-1 can infect certain dendritic cells, which becomes an event in the viral strategy to interfere with the host’s immune system. We previously generated the HSV-1 mutant strain M6, which produced an attenuated phenotype in mice and rhesus monkeys. The attenuated M6 strain was used to investigate how HSV-1 infection of dendritic cells interferes with both innate and adaptive immunity. Our study showed that dendritic cells membrane HVEM receptors could mediate infection of the wild-type strain and attenuated M6 strain and that dendritic cells infected by both viruses in local tissues of animals exhibited changes in transcriptional profiles associated with innate immune and inflammatory responses. The infection of pDCs and cDCs by the two strains promoted cell differentiation to the CD103+ phenotype, but varied transcriptional profiles were observed, implying a strategy that the HSV-1 wild-type strain interferes with antiviral immunity, probably due to viral modification of the immunological phenotype of dendritic cells during processing and presentation of antigen to T cells, leading to a series of deviations in immune responses, ultimately generating the deficient immune phenotype observed in infected individuals in the clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xingli Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Suqin Duan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Danjing Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Yue
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Fengyuan Zeng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xueqi Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Ziyan Meng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xinghang Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenye Niu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Guorun Jiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Li Yu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Liao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Qihan Li, ; Ying Zhang,
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Qihan Li, ; Ying Zhang,
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22
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Lee AJ, Feng E, Chew MV, Balint E, Poznanski SM, Giles E, Zhang A, Marzok A, Revill SD, Vahedi F, Dubey A, Ayaub E, Jimenez-Saiz R, McGrath JJC, Ritchie TM, Jordana M, Jonigk DD, Ackermann M, Ask K, Miller M, Richards CD, Ashkar AA. Type I interferon regulates proteolysis by macrophages to prevent immunopathology following viral infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010471. [PMID: 35512020 PMCID: PMC9113601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to treat severe viral infections is limited by our understanding of the mechanisms behind virus-induced immunopathology. While the role of type I interferons (IFNs) in early control of viral replication is clear, less is known about how IFNs can regulate the development of immunopathology and affect disease outcomes. Here, we report that absence of type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) is associated with extensive immunopathology following mucosal viral infection. This pathology occurred independent of viral load or type II immunity but required the presence of macrophages and IL-6. The depletion of macrophages and inhibition of IL-6 signaling significantly abrogated immunopathology. Tissue destruction was mediated by macrophage-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), as MMP inhibition by doxycycline and Ro 28–2653 reduced the severity of tissue pathology. Analysis of post-mortem COVID-19 patient lungs also displayed significant upregulation of the expression of MMPs and accumulation of macrophages. Overall, we demonstrate that IFNs inhibit macrophage-mediated MMP production to prevent virus-induced immunopathology and uncover MMPs as a therapeutic target towards viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Lee
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Feng
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marianne V. Chew
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Balint
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie M. Poznanski
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Giles
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Art Marzok
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Spencer D. Revill
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Vahedi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anisha Dubey
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ehab Ayaub
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Jimenez-Saiz
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua J. C. McGrath
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyrah M. Ritchie
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manel Jordana
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danny D. Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kjetil Ask
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carl D. Richards
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali A. Ashkar
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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23
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IL-33–ILC2 axis in the female reproductive tract. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:569-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Kumar J, Dandapat S, Panickan S, Kumar A, Singh M, Bindu S, Dhama K. Expression profiles of toll like receptors, MHC and cytokine genes along with viral load in organs of ducklings infected with an Indian isolate of duck enteritis virus. Microb Pathog 2022; 165:105502. [PMID: 35339656 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive study on the pathogenicity and host immune response was conducted in White Pekin ducklings after experimental infection with an Indian isolate of duck enteritis virus (DEV). The virus was found to be highly pathogenic and pantropic, which rapidly multiplied in various organs, mainly in the spleen and liver showing higher viral load with severe pathological lesions and caused 100% mortality. Expression profiles of immune gene transcripts in tissues (liver, spleen, brain) revealed upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-α, IFN- β, IL-1β, IL-6 and also iNOS with stimulation of TLRs (TLR-2, 3, 21). IFN-α was robustly upregulated (p < 0.05) especially in liver, might be playing role in antiviral innate immunity. Further, massive upregulation of MHC class-I (p < 0.01), expression of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ & IL-2) and certain Th2 cytokines (IL-4 & IL-10) suggests stimulation of cell mediated as well as humoral immunity. To our knowledge, we are reporting first time about the robust upregulation of MHC class-I in spleen, liver and brain along with expression of certain cytokines in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during experimental DEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumar
- Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, 800014, Bihar, India
| | - Satyabrata Dandapat
- Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sivasankar Panickan
- Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mithilesh Singh
- Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh Bindu
- Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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25
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Huang JY, Lyons-Cohen MR, Gerner MY. Information flow in the spatiotemporal organization of immune responses. Immunol Rev 2022; 306:93-107. [PMID: 34845729 PMCID: PMC8837692 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses must be rapid, tightly orchestrated, and tailored to the encountered stimulus. Lymphatic vessels facilitate this process by continuously collecting immunological information (ie, antigens, immune cells, and soluble mediators) about the current state of peripheral tissues, and transporting these via the lymph across the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes (LNs), which are critical meeting points for innate and adaptive immune cells, are strategically located along the lymphatic network to intercept this information. Within LNs, immune cells are spatially organized, allowing them to efficiently respond to information delivered by the lymph, and to either promote immune homeostasis or mount protective immune responses. These responses involve the activation and functional cooperation of multiple distinct cell types and are tailored to the specific inflammatory conditions. The natural patterns of lymph flow can also generate spatial gradients of antigens and agonists within draining LNs, which can in turn further regulate innate cell function and localization, as well as the downstream generation of adaptive immunity. In this review, we explore how information transmitted by the lymph shapes the spatiotemporal organization of innate and adaptive immune responses in LNs, with particular focus on steady state and Type-I vs. Type-II inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Y Gerner
- Corresponding author: Michael Gerner, , Address: 750 Republican Street Seattle, WA 98109, Phone: 206-685-3610
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26
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Lin B, Goldbach-Mansky R. Pathogenic insights from genetic causes of autoinflammatory inflammasomopathies and interferonopathies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:819-832. [PMID: 34893352 PMCID: PMC8901451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of systemic autoinflammatory diseases arise from gain-of-function mutations in genes encoding IL-1-activating inflammasomes or cytoplasmic nucleic acid sensors including the receptor and sensor STING and result in increased IL-1 and type I interferon production, respectively. Blocking these pathways in human diseases has provided proof-of-concept, confirming the prominent roles of these cytokines in disease pathogenesis. Recent insights into the multilayered regulation of these sensor pathways and insights into their role in amplifying the disease pathogenesis of monogenic and complex genetic diseases spurred new drug development targeting the sensors. This review provides insights into the pathogenesis and genetic causes of these "prototypic" diseases caused by gain-of function mutations in IL-1-activating inflammasomes (inflammasomopathies) and in interferon-activating pathways (interferonopathies) including STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy, Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, and proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndromes that link activation of the viral sensors STING, "self" nucleic acid metabolism, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system to "type I interferon production" and human diseases. Clinical responses and biomarker changes to Janus kinase inhibitors confirm a role of interferons, and a growing number of diseases with "interferon signatures" unveil extensive cross-talk between major inflammatory pathways. Understanding these interactions promises new tools in tackling the significant clinical challenges in treating patients with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lin
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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27
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Abstract
Herpesviruses are ubiquitous double-stranded DNA viruses that cause lifelong infections and are associated with a variety of diseases. While they have evolved multiple mechanisms to evade the immune system, they are all recognized by the innate immune system, which can lead to both localized and systemic inflammation. A more recently appreciated mechanism of herpesvirus innate immune activation is through inflammasome signaling. The inflammasome is an intracellular multiprotein complex that, when activated, leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18, and activation of the inflammatory programed cell death pathway known as pyroptosis. Despite the herpesviruses sharing a similar structure, their mechanisms of inflammasome activation and the consequences of inflammasome activation in cases of virus-associated disease are not uniform. This review will highlight the similarities and differences among herpesviruses with regard to their mechanisms of inflammasome activation and impacts on diseases caused by herpesviruses. Furthermore, it will identify areas where additional studies are warranted to better understand the impact of this important innate immune signaling program on the pathogenesis of these common viruses.
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28
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Du Y, Hertoghs N, Duffy FJ, Carnes J, McDermott SM, Neal ML, Schwedhelm KV, McElrath MJ, De Rosa SC, Aitchison JD, Stuart KD. Systems analysis of immune responses to attenuated P. falciparum malaria sporozoite vaccination reveals excessive inflammatory signatures correlating with impaired immunity. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010282. [PMID: 35108339 PMCID: PMC8843222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS) can confer sterilizing protection against malaria, although the mechanisms behind this protection are incompletely understood. We performed a systems biology analysis of samples from the Immunization by Mosquito with Radiation Attenuated Sporozoites (IMRAS) trial, which comprised P. falciparum RAS-immunized (PfRAS), malaria-naive participants whose protection from malaria infection was subsequently assessed by controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). Blood samples collected after initial PfRAS immunization were analyzed to compare immune responses between protected and non-protected volunteers leveraging integrative analysis of whole blood RNA-seq, high parameter flow cytometry, and single cell CITEseq of PBMCs. This analysis revealed differences in early innate immune responses indicating divergent paths associated with protection. In particular, elevated levels of inflammatory responses early after the initial immunization were detrimental for the development of protective adaptive immunity. Specifically, non-classical monocytes and early type I interferon responses induced within 1 day of PfRAS vaccination correlated with impaired immunity. Non-protected individuals also showed an increase in Th2 polarized T cell responses whereas we observed a trend towards increased Th1 and T-bet+ CD8 T cell responses in protected individuals. Temporal differences in genes associated with natural killer cells suggest an important role in immune regulation by these cells. These findings give insight into the immune responses that confer protection against malaria and may guide further malaria vaccine development. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01994525. Malaria remains a serious global health problem, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. An effective malaria vaccine would be an important tool to fight this disease. Previous work has shown that irradiated sporozoites, the form of the malaria parasite injected into humans by mosquitos, are not capable of progressing to a symptomatic blood stage malaria infection, and act as a protective vaccine against future malaria exposure. However the mechanisms that produce this protection are unknown. In this work, we studied individuals vaccinated with irradiated sporozoites before being exposed to live malaria parasites. Roughly half of these individual were protected against malaria. By analyzing blood samples taken at multiple points after the first vaccination using RNA sequencing and flow cytometry we identified immune responses that differed between protected and non-protected study participants. Notably, we observed a rapid increase in inflammation and interferon-associated genes in non-protected individual. We also observed protection-associated changes in T cell and NK cell associated pathways. Our study provides novel insights into immune responses associated with effective malaria vaccination, and can point the way to improved design of whole-sporozoite malaria vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Du
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nina Hertoghs
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Fergal J. Duffy
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jason Carnes
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Suzanne M. McDermott
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maxwell L. Neal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Katharine V. Schwedhelm
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John D. Aitchison
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D. Stuart
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Schilling E, Grahnert A, Pfeiffer L, Koehl U, Claus C, Hauschildt S. The Impact of Rubella Virus Infection on a Secondary Inflammatory Response in Polarized Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772595. [PMID: 34975859 PMCID: PMC8716696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦ) are known to exhibit distinct responses to viral and bacterial infection, but how they react when exposed to the pathogens in succession is less well understood. Accordingly, we determined the effect of a rubella virus (RV)-induced infection followed by an LPS-induced challenge on cytokine production, signal transduction and metabolic pathways in human GM (M1-like)- and M (M2-like)-MΦ. We found that infection of both subsets with RV resulted in a low TNF-α and a high interferon (IFN, type I and type III) release whereby M-MΦ produced far more IFNs than GM-MΦ. Thus, TNF-α production in contrast to IFN production is not a dominant feature of RV infection in these cells. Upon addition of LPS to RV-infected MΦ compared to the addition of LPS to the uninfected cells the TNF-α response only slightly increased, whereas the IFN-response of both subtypes was greatly enhanced. The subset specific cytokine expression pattern remained unchanged under these assay conditions. The priming effect of RV was also observed when replacing RV by IFN-β one putative priming stimulus induced by RV. Small amounts of IFN-β were sufficient for phosphorylation of Stat1 and to induce IFN-production in response to LPS. Analysis of signal transduction pathways activated by successive exposure of MΦ to RV and LPS revealed an increased phosphorylation of NFκB (M-MΦ), but different to uninfected MΦ a reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (both subtypes). Furthermore, metabolic pathways were affected; the LPS-induced increase in glycolysis was dampened in both subtypes after RV infection. In conclusion, we show that RV infection and exogenously added IFN-β can prime MΦ to produce high amounts of IFNs in response to LPS and that changes in glycolysis and signal transduction are associated with the priming effect. These findings will help to understand to what extent MΦ defense to viral infection is modulated by a following exposure to a bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Schilling
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Grahnert
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Pfeiffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cellular Therapeutics and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Claus
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sunna Hauschildt
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sunna Hauschildt,
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30
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Nguyen OTP, Misun PM, Lohasz C, Lee J, Wang W, Schroeder T, Hierlemann A. An Immunocompetent Microphysiological System to Simultaneously Investigate Effects of Anti-Tumor Natural Killer Cells on Tumor and Cardiac Microtissues. Front Immunol 2021; 12:781337. [PMID: 34925361 PMCID: PMC8675866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing first-line cancer therapies often fail to cope with the heterogeneity and complexity of cancers, so that new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Among novel alternative therapies, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has emerged as a promising cancer treatment in recent years. The limited clinical applications of ACT, despite its advantages over standard-of-care therapies, can be attributed to (i) time-consuming and cost-intensive procedures to screen for potent anti-tumor immune cells and the corresponding targets, (ii) difficulties to translate in-vitro and animal-derived in-vivo efficacies to clinical efficacy in humans, and (iii) the lack of systemic methods for the safety assessment of ACT. Suitable experimental models and testing platforms have the potential to accelerate the development of ACT. Immunocompetent microphysiological systems (iMPS) are microfluidic platforms that enable complex interactions of advanced tissue models with different immune cell types, bridging the gap between in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Here, we present a proof-of-concept iMPS that supports a triple culture of three-dimensional (3D) colorectal tumor microtissues, 3D cardiac microtissues, and human-derived natural killer (NK) cells in the same microfluidic network. Different aspects of tumor-NK cell interactions were characterized using this iMPS including: (i) direct interaction and NK cell-mediated tumor killing, (ii) the development of an inflammatory milieu through enrichment of soluble pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, and (iii) secondary effects on healthy cardiac microtissues. We found a specific NK cell-mediated tumor-killing activity and elevated levels of tumor- and NK cell-derived chemokines and cytokines, indicating crosstalk and development of an inflammatory milieu. While viability and morphological integrity of cardiac microtissues remained mostly unaffected, we were able to detect alterations in their beating behavior, which shows the potential of iMPS for both, efficacy and early safety testing of new candidate ACTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oanh T. P. Nguyen
- Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M. Misun
- Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Lohasz
- Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Weijia Wang
- Cell Systems Dynamics Group, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Cell Systems Dynamics Group, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
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31
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Poma AM, Basolo A, Bonuccelli D, Proietti A, Macerola E, Ugolini C, Torregrossa L, Alì G, Giannini R, Vignali P, Santini F, Toniolo A, Basolo F. Activation of Type I and Type II Interferon Signaling in SARS-CoV-2-Positive Thyroid Tissue of Patients Dying from COVID-19. Thyroid 2021; 31:1766-1775. [PMID: 34541878 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2021.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid dysfunctions have been reported after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, the biological mechanisms behind these conditions remain unexplored. Herein, we report on changes of the immune transcriptome in autoptic thyroid tissues of people who have died from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Twenty-five autoptic thyroid specimens of subjects dying from COVID-19 were investigated. Eleven autoptic thyroid specimens of subjects dying from causes other than infectious conditions served as controls. RNA transcripts of 770 immune-related genes together with RNA genomes of multiple coronavirus types were measured by the nCounter system. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for two SARS-CoV-2 genes was used to assess virus positivity. Results were validated by immunohistochemistry. Results: The SARS-CoV-2 genome and antigens were detected in 9 of 25 (36%) thyroid specimens from the COVID-19 cohort. Virus-negative thyroid tissues from COVID-19 subject did not show changes of gene transcription nor significant numbers of infiltrating immune cells. Conversely, SARS-CoV-2-positive thyroid specimens showed marked upregulation of immune genes, especially those proper of the type I and type II interferon (IFN) pathways. In infected tissues, infiltrates of innate immune cells (macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils) were prevalent. Conclusions: The thyroid gland can be directly infected by the SARS-CoV-2. Infection strongly activates IFN pathways. The direct viral insult combined with an intense immune response may trigger or worsen thyroid conditions in predisposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anello Marcello Poma
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Basolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diana Bonuccelli
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Azienda USL Toscana Nordovest, Lucca, Italy
| | - Agnese Proietti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Macerola
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clara Ugolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liborio Torregrossa
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Greta Alì
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giannini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Vignali
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Fulvio Basolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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32
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Early IFN-α signatures and persistent dysfunction are distinguishing features of NK cells in severe COVID-19. Immunity 2021; 54:2650-2669.e14. [PMID: 34592166 PMCID: PMC8416549 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal analyses of the innate immune system, including the earliest time points, are essential to understand the immunopathogenesis and clinical course of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Here, we performed a detailed characterization of natural killer (NK) cells in 205 patients (403 samples; days 2 to 41 after symptom onset) from four independent cohorts using single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics together with functional studies. We found elevated interferon (IFN)-α plasma levels in early severe COVD-19 alongside increased NK cell expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and genes involved in IFN-α signaling, while upregulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced genes was observed in moderate diseases. NK cells exert anti-SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) activity but are functionally impaired in severe COVID-19. Further, NK cell dysfunction may be relevant for the development of fibrotic lung disease in severe COVID-19, as NK cells exhibited impaired anti-fibrotic activity. Our study indicates preferential IFN-α and TNF responses in severe and moderate COVID-19, respectively, and associates a prolonged IFN-α-induced NK cell response with poorer disease outcome.
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33
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D’Souza SS, Zhang Y, Bailey JT, Fung ITH, Kuentzel ML, Chittur SV, Yang Q. Type I Interferon signaling controls the accumulation and transcriptomes of monocytes in the aged lung. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13470. [PMID: 34547174 PMCID: PMC8520712 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is paradoxically associated with a deteriorated immune defense (immunosenescence) and increased basal levels of tissue inflammation (inflammaging). The lung is particularly sensitive to the effects of aging. The immune cell mechanisms underlying physiological lung aging remain poorly understood. Here we reveal that aging leads to increased interferon signaling and elevated concentrations of chemokines in the lung, which is associated with infiltration of monocytes into the lung parenchyma. scRNA‐seq identified a novel Type‐1 interferon signaling dependent monocyte subset (MO‐ifn) that upregulated IFNAR1 expression and exhibited greater transcriptomal changes with aging than the other monocytes. Blockade of type‐1 interferon signaling by treatment with anti‐IFNAR1 neutralizing antibodies rapidly ablated MO‐ifn cells. Treatment with anti‐IFNAR1 antibodies also reduced airway chemokine concentrations and repressed the accumulation of the overall monocyte population in the parenchyma of the aged lung. Together, our work suggests that physiological aging is associated with increased basal level of airway monocyte infiltration and inflammation in part due to elevated type‐1 interferon signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti S. D’Souza
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Yuanyue Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Jacob T. Bailey
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Ivan T. H. Fung
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Marcy L. Kuentzel
- Center for Functional Genomics University at Albany‐SUNY Rensselaer NY USA
| | - Sridar V. Chittur
- Center for Functional Genomics University at Albany‐SUNY Rensselaer NY USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
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34
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Patel S, Tucker HR, Gogoi H, Mansouri S, Jin L. cGAS-STING and MyD88 Pathways Synergize in Ly6C hi Monocyte to Promote Streptococcus pneumoniae-Induced Late-Stage Lung IFNγ Production. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699702. [PMID: 34512626 PMCID: PMC8427188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP–AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS–STING) pathway senses DNA and induces type I interferon (IFN) production. Whether and how the STING pathway crosstalk to other innate immune pathways during pathogen infection, however, remains unclear. Here, we showed that STING was needed for Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced late, not early, stage of lung IFNγ production. Using knockout mice, IFNγ reporter mice, intracellular cytokine staining, and adoptive cell transfer, we showed that cGAS–STING-dependent lung IFNγ production was independent of type I IFNs. Furthermore, STING expression in monocyte/monocyte-derived cells governed IFNγ production in the lung via the production of IL-12p70. Surprisingly, DNA stimulation alone could not induce IL-12p70 or IFNγ in Ly6Chi monocyte. The production of IFNγ required the activation by both DNA and heat-killed S. pneumococcus. Accordingly, MyD88−/− monocyte did not generate IL-12p70 or IFNγ. In summary, the cGAS–STING pathway synergizes with the MyD88 pathway in monocyte to promote late-stage lung IFNγ production during pulmonary pneumococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Heidi R Tucker
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Himanshu Gogoi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Samira Mansouri
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lei Jin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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35
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Feng E, Balint E, Vahedi F, Ashkar AA. Immunoregulatory Functions of Interferons During Genital HSV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:724618. [PMID: 34484233 PMCID: PMC8416247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.724618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections that disproportionately impacts women worldwide. Currently, there are no vaccines or curative treatments, resulting in life-long infection. The mucosal environment of the female reproductive tract (FRT) is home to a complex array of local immune defenses that must be carefully coordinated to protect against genital HSV-2 infection, while preventing excessive inflammation to prevent disease symptoms. Crucial to the defense against HSV-2 infection in the FRT are three classes of highly related and integrated cytokines, type I, II, and III interferons (IFN). These three classes of cytokines control HSV-2 infection and reduce tissue damage through a combination of directly inhibiting viral replication, as well as regulating the function of resident immune cells. In this review, we will examine how interferons are induced and their critical role in how they shape the local immune response to HSV-2 infection in the FRT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali A. Ashkar
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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36
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Hasselbalch HC, Skov V, Kjær L, Ellervik C, Poulsen A, Poulsen TD, Nielsen CH. COVID-19 as a mediator of interferon deficiency and hyperinflammation: Rationale for the use of JAK1/2 inhibitors in combination with interferon. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 60:28-45. [PMID: 33992887 PMCID: PMC8045432 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) elicits an interferon (IFN) deficiency state, which aggravates the type I interferon deficiency and slow IFN responses, which associate with e.g. aging and obesity. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 may also elicit a cytokine storm, which accounts for disease progression and ultimately the urgent need of ventilator support. Based upon several reports, it has been argued that early treatment with IFN-alpha2 or IFN-beta, preferentially in the early disease stage, may prohibit disease progression. Similarly, preliminary studies have shown that JAK1/2 inhibitor treatment with ruxolitinib or baricitinib may decrease mortality by dampening the deadly cytokine storm, which - in addition to the virus itself - also contributes to multi-organ thrombosis and multi-organ failure. Herein, we describe the rationale for treatment with IFNs (alpha2 or beta) and ruxolitinib emphasizing the urgent need to explore these agents in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 - both as monotherapies and in combination. In this context, we take advantage of several safety and efficacy studies in patients with the chronic myeloproliferative blood cancers (essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis) (MPNs), in whom IFN-alpha2 and ruxolitinib have been used successfully for the last 10 (ruxolitinib) to 30 years (IFN) as monotherapies and most recently in combination as well. In the context of these agents being highly immunomodulating (IFN boosting immune cells and JAK1/2 inhibitors being highly immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory), we also discuss if statins and hydroxyurea, both agents possessing anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and antiviral potentials, might be inexpensive agents to be repurposed in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - V Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - L Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - C Ellervik
- Department of Research, Production, Innovation, Region Zealand, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A Poulsen
- Department of Anestesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - T D Poulsen
- Department of Anestesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - C H Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Introduction: Innate immunity is armed with interferons (IFNs) that link innate immunity to adaptive immunity to generate long-term and protective immune responses against invading pathogens and tumors. However, regulation of IFN production is crucial because chronic IFN responses can have deleterious effects on both antitumor and antimicrobial immunity in addition to provoking autoinflammatory or autoimmune conditions.Areas covered: Here, we focus on the accumulated evidence on antimicrobial and antitumor activities of type I and II IFNs. We first summarize the intracellular and intercellular mechanisms regulating IFN production and signaling. Then, we discuss the mechanisms modulating the dual nature of IFNs for both antitumor and antimicrobial immune responses. Finally, we review the detrimental role of IFNs for induction of autoinflammation and autoimmunity.Expert opinion: The current evidence suggests that the dual role of IFNs for antimicrobial and antitumor immunity is dependent not only on the timing, administration route, and dose of IFNs but also on the type of pathogen/tumor. Therefore, we think that combinatorial therapies involving IFN-inducing adjuvants and immune-checkpoint blockers may offer therapeutic potential, especially for cancer, whereas infectious, autoinflammatory or autoimmune diseases require fine adjustment of timing, dose, and route of the administration for candidate IFN-based vaccines or immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Temizoz
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
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38
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Lebratti T, Lim YS, Cofie A, Andhey P, Jiang X, Scott J, Fabbrizi MR, Ozantürk AN, Pham C, Clemens R, Artyomov M, Dinauer M, Shin H. A sustained type I IFN-neutrophil-IL-18 axis drives pathology during mucosal viral infection. eLife 2021; 10:e65762. [PMID: 34047696 PMCID: PMC8163503 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil responses against pathogens must be balanced between protection and immunopathology. Factors that determine these outcomes are not well-understood. In a mouse model of genital herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infection, which results in severe genital inflammation, antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion reduced disease. Comparative single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of vaginal cells against a model of genital HSV-1 infection, which results in mild inflammation, demonstrated sustained expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) only after HSV-2 infection primarily within the neutrophil population. Both therapeutic blockade of IFNα/β receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and genetic deletion of IFNAR1 in neutrophils concomitantly decreased HSV-2 genital disease severity and vaginal IL-18 levels. Therapeutic neutralization of IL-18 also diminished genital inflammation, indicating an important role for this cytokine in promoting neutrophil-dependent immunopathology. Our study reveals that sustained type I interferon (IFN) signaling is a driver of pathogenic neutrophil responses and identifies IL-18 as a novel component of disease during genital HSV-2 infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Herpes Genitalis/immunology
- Herpes Genitalis/metabolism
- Herpes Genitalis/prevention & control
- Herpes Genitalis/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/pathogenicity
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Interferon Type I/metabolism
- Interleukin-18/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mucous Membrane/drug effects
- Mucous Membrane/innervation
- Mucous Membrane/metabolism
- Mucous Membrane/virology
- Neutrophil Activation/drug effects
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Neutrophils/virology
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Vagina/drug effects
- Vagina/immunology
- Vagina/metabolism
- Vagina/virology
- Vero Cells
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Lebratti
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Ying Shiang Lim
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Adjoa Cofie
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Prabhakar Andhey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Xiaoping Jiang
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Jason Scott
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Maria Rita Fabbrizi
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Ayşe Naz Ozantürk
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Christine Pham
- Department of Medicine/Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Regina Clemens
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Maxim Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Mary Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics/Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Haina Shin
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
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Lei Y, Guerra Martinez C, Torres-Odio S, Bell SL, Birdwell CE, Bryant JD, Tong CW, Watson RO, West LC, West AP. Elevated type I interferon responses potentiate metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, and accelerated aging in mtDNA mutator mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe7548. [PMID: 34039599 PMCID: PMC8153723 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe7548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key driver of inflammatory responses in human disease. However, it remains unclear whether alterations in mitochondria-innate immune cross-talk contribute to the pathobiology of mitochondrial disorders and aging. Using the polymerase gamma (POLG) mutator model of mitochondrial DNA instability, we report that aberrant activation of the type I interferon (IFN-I) innate immune axis potentiates immunometabolic dysfunction, reduces health span, and accelerates aging in mutator mice. Mechanistically, elevated IFN-I signaling suppresses activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which increases oxidative stress, enhances proinflammatory cytokine responses, and accelerates metabolic dysfunction. Ablation of IFN-I signaling attenuates hyperinflammatory phenotypes by restoring NRF2 activity and reducing aerobic glycolysis, which combine to lessen cardiovascular and myeloid dysfunction in aged mutator mice. These findings further advance our knowledge of how mitochondrial dysfunction shapes innate immune responses and provide a framework for understanding mitochondria-driven immunopathology in POLG-related disorders and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiu Lei
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Camila Guerra Martinez
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Sylvia Torres-Odio
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Samantha L Bell
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Christine E Birdwell
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Joshua D Bryant
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Carl W Tong
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Robert O Watson
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Laura Ciaccia West
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - A Phillip West
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA.
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40
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Chetty A, Darby MG, Vornewald PM, Martín-Alonso M, Filz A, Ritter M, McSorley HJ, Masson L, Smith K, Brombacher F, O'Shea MK, Cunningham AF, Ryffel B, Oudhoff MJ, Dewals BG, Layland LE, Horsnell WGC. Il4ra-independent vaginal eosinophil accumulation following helminth infection exacerbates epithelial ulcerative pathology of HSV-2 infection. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:579-593.e5. [PMID: 33857419 PMCID: PMC8062792 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
How helminths influence the pathogenesis of sexually transmitted viral infections is not comprehensively understood. Here, we show that an acute helminth infection (Nippostrongylus brasiliensis [Nb]) induced a type 2 immune profile in the female genital tract (FGT). This leads to heightened epithelial ulceration and pathology in subsequent herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 infection. This was IL-5-dependent but IL-4 receptor alpha (Il4ra) independent, associated with increased FGT eosinophils, raised vaginal IL-33, and enhanced epithelial necrosis. Vaginal eosinophil accumulation was promoted by IL-33 induction following targeted vaginal epithelium damage from a papain challenge. Inhibition of IL-33 protected against Nb-exacerbated HSV-2 pathology. Eosinophil depletion reduced IL-33 release and HSV-2 ulceration in Nb-infected mice. These findings demonstrate that Nb-initiated FGT eosinophil recruitment promotes an eosinophil, IL-33, and IL-5 inflammatory circuit that enhances vaginal epithelial necrosis and pathology following HSV-2 infection. These findings identify a mechanistic framework as to how helminth infections can exacerbate viral-induced vaginal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Chetty
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Matthew G Darby
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Pia M Vornewald
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mara Martín-Alonso
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna Filz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Wellcome Trust Building, Dow St, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Lindi Masson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa; Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Katherine Smith
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF14 3XN, UK
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Matthew K O'Shea
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orléans, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Menno J Oudhoff
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Benjamin G Dewals
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH), Immunology-Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (B43b), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laura E Layland
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), 53105 Bonn, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany.
| | - William G C Horsnell
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orléans, 45000 Orléans, France; Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Feng E, Balint E, Poznanski SM, Ashkar AA, Loeb M. Aging and Interferons: Impacts on Inflammation and Viral Disease Outcomes. Cells 2021; 10:708. [PMID: 33806810 PMCID: PMC8004738 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As highlighted by the COVID-19 global pandemic, elderly individuals comprise the majority of cases of severe viral infection outcomes and death. A combined inability to control viral replication and exacerbated inflammatory immune activation in elderly patients causes irreparable immune-mediated tissue pathology in response to infection. Key to these responses are type I, II, and III interferons (IFNs), which are involved in inducing an antiviral response, as well as controlling and suppressing inflammation and immunopathology. IFNs support monocyte/macrophage-stimulated immune responses that clear infection and promote their immunosuppressive functions that prevent excess inflammation and immune-mediated pathology. The timing and magnitude of IFN responses to infection are critical towards their immunoregulatory functions and ability to prevent immunopathology. Aging is associated with multiple defects in the ability of macrophages and dendritic cells to produce IFNs in response to viral infection, leading to a dysregulation of inflammatory immune responses. Understanding the implications of aging on IFN-regulated inflammation will give critical insights on how to treat and prevent severe infection in vulnerable individuals. In this review, we describe the causes of impaired IFN production in aging, and the evidence to suggest that these impairments impact the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune response to infection, thereby causing disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali A. Ashkar
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (E.F.); (E.B.); (S.M.P.); (M.L.)
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Ochayon DE, Waggoner SN. The Effect of Unconventional Cytokine Combinations on NK-Cell Responses to Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645850. [PMID: 33815404 PMCID: PMC8017335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble and membrane-bound factors that dictate immune responses. Dogmatically, cytokines are divided into families that promote type 1 cell-mediated immune responses (e.g., IL-12) or type 2 humoral responses (e.g., IL-4), each capable of antagonizing the opposing family of cytokines. The discovery of additional families of cytokines (e.g., IL-17) has added complexity to this model, but it was the realization that immune responses frequently comprise mixtures of different types of cytokines that dismantled this black-and-white paradigm. In some cases, one type of response may dominate these mixed milieus in disease pathogenesis and thereby present a clear therapeutic target. Alternatively, synergistic or blended cytokine responses may obfuscate the origins of disease and perplex clinical decision making. Most immune cells express receptors for many types of cytokines and can mediate a myriad of functions important for tolerance, immunity, tissue damage, and repair. In this review, we will describe the unconventional effects of a variety of cytokines on the activity of a prototypical type 1 effector, the natural killer (NK) cell, and discuss how this may impact the contributions of these cells to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Ochayon
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stephen N. Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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43
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Lee J, Geng S, Li S, Li L. Single Cell RNA-Seq and Machine Learning Reveal Novel Subpopulations in Low-Grade Inflammatory Monocytes With Unique Regulatory Circuits. Front Immunol 2021; 12:627036. [PMID: 33708217 PMCID: PMC7940189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical doses of LPS (SD-LPS) are known to cause low-grade inflammatory activation of monocytes, which could lead to inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate is a potential therapeutic compound which can reduce the inflammation caused by SD-LPS. To understand the gene regulatory networks of these processes, we have generated scRNA-seq data from mouse monocytes treated with these compounds and identified 11 novel cell clusters. We have developed a machine learning method to integrate scRNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and binding motifs to characterize gene regulatory networks underlying these cell clusters. Using guided regularized random forest and feature selection, our method achieved high performance and outperformed a traditional enrichment-based method in selecting candidate regulatory genes. Our method is particularly efficient in selecting a few candidate genes to explain observed expression pattern. In particular, among 531 candidate TFs, our method achieves an auROC of 0.961 with only 10 motifs. Finally, we found two novel subpopulations of monocyte cells in response to SD-LPS and we confirmed our analysis using independent flow cytometry experiments. Our results suggest that our new machine learning method can select candidate regulatory genes as potential targets for developing new therapeutics against low grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Song Li
- Ph.D. Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Chetty A, Omondi MA, Butters C, Smith KA, Katawa G, Ritter M, Layland L, Horsnell W. Impact of Helminth Infections on Female Reproductive Health and Associated Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:577516. [PMID: 33329545 PMCID: PMC7719634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.577516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of knowledge exists on the influence of helminth infections on allergies and unrelated infections in the lung and gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa. However, the bystander effects of helminth infections on the female genital mucosa and reproductive health is understudied but important considering the high prevalence of helminth exposure and sexually transmitted infections in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this review, we explore current knowledge about the direct and systemic effects of helminth infections on unrelated diseases. We summarize host disease-controlling immunity of important sexually transmitted infections and introduce the limited knowledge of how helminths infections directly cause pathology to female reproductive tract (FRT), alter susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections and reproduction. We also review work by others on type 2 immunity in the FRT and hypothesize how these insights may guide future work to help understand how helminths alter FRT health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Chetty
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Millicent A Omondi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Claire Butters
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katherine Ann Smith
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gnatoulma Katawa
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Layland
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - William Horsnell
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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45
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Clavijo-Salomon MA, Salcedo R, Roy S, das Neves RX, Dzutsev A, Sales-Campos H, Borbely KSC, Silla L, Orange JS, Mace EM, Barbuto JAM, Trinchieri G. Human NK cells prime inflammatory DC precursors to induce Tc17 differentiation. Blood Adv 2020; 4:3990-4006. [PMID: 32841340 PMCID: PMC7448590 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses are acknowledged to evolve from innate immunity. However, limited information exists regarding whether encounters between innate cells direct the generation of specialized T-cell subsets. We aim to understand how natural killer (NK) cells modulate cell-mediated immunity in humans. We found that human CD14+CD16- monocytes that differentiate into inflammatory dendritic cells (DCs) are shaped at the early stages of differentiation by cell-to-cell interactions with NK cells. Although a fraction of monocytes is eliminated by NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, the polarization of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) at the NKp30-stabilized synapses triggers a stable IFN-γ signature in surviving monocytes that persists after their differentiation into DCs. Notably, NK-cell-instructed DCs drive the priming of type 17 CD8+ T cells (Tc17) with the capacity to produce IFN-γ and interleukin-17A. Compared with healthy donors, this cellular network is impaired in patients with classical NK-cell deficiency driven by mutations in the GATA2 gene. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized connection by which Tc17-mediated immunity might be regulated by NK-cell-mediated tuning of antigen-presenting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Clavijo-Salomon
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, and
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology, Institute of Cancer of São Paulo (ICESP), Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosalba Salcedo
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, and
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Soumen Roy
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, and
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rodrigo X das Neves
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, and
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amiran Dzutsev
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, and
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Helioswilton Sales-Campos
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, and
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karen Steponavicius-Cruz Borbely
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and
- Nutrition Faculty, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Lucia Silla
- Cellular Technology and Therapy Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; and
| | - José A M Barbuto
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NETCEM), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, and
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Cross RW, Prasad AN, Borisevich V, Geisbert JB, Agans KN, Deer DJ, Fenton KA, Geisbert TW. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus strains Hoti and Afghanistan cause viremia and mild clinical disease in cynomolgus monkeys. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008637. [PMID: 32790668 PMCID: PMC7447009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of vaccines and therapies against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) have been hindered by the lack of immunocompetent animal models. Recently, a lethal nonhuman primate model based on the CCHFV Hoti strain was reported. CCHFV Hoti caused severe disease in cynomolgus monkeys with 75% lethality when given by the intravenous (i.v.) route. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In a series of experiments, eleven cynomologus monkeys were exposed i.v. to CCHFV Hoti and four macaques were exposed i.v. to CCHFV Afghanistan. Despite transient viremia and changes in clinical pathology such as leukopenia and thrombocytopenia developing in all 15 animals, all macaques survived to the study endpoint without developing severe disease. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We were unable to attribute differences in the results of our study versus the previous report to differences in the CCHFV Hoti stock, challenge dose, origin, or age of the macaques. The observed differences are most likely the result of the outbred nature of macaques and low animal numbers often used by necessity and for ethical considerations in BSL-4 studies. Nonetheless, while we were unable to achieve severe disease or lethality, the CCHFV Hoti and Afghanistan macaque models are useful for screening medical countermeasures using biomarkers including viremia and clinical pathology to assess efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Abhishek N. Prasad
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joan B. Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Krystle N. Agans
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Deer
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karla A. Fenton
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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Geoffroy K, Bourgeois-Daigneault MC. The pros and cons of interferons for oncolytic virotherapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 56:49-58. [PMID: 32694051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFN) are potent immune stimulators that play key roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. They are considered the first line of defense against viral pathogens and can even be used as treatments to boost the immune system. While viruses are usually seen as a threat to the host, an emerging class of cancer therapeutics exploits the natural capacity of some viruses to directly infect and kill cancer cells. The cancer-specificity of these bio-therapeutics, called oncolytic viruses (OVs), often relies on defective IFN responses that are frequently observed in cancer cells, therefore increasing their vulnerability to viruses compared to healthy cells. To ensure the safety of the therapy, many OVs have been engineered to further activate the IFN response. As a consequence of this IFN over-stimulation, the virus is cleared faster by the immune system, which limits direct oncolysis. Importantly, the therapeutic activity of OVs also relies on their capacity to trigger anti-tumor immunity and IFNs are key players in this aspect. Here, we review the complex cancer-virus-anti-tumor immunity interplay and discuss the diverse functions of IFNs for each of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Geoffroy
- Cancer axis and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du CHUM- CRCHUM, 900 St-Denis Street, Viger Tower, Room R10.480, Montreal, Quebec, H2X0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit Boulevard, Roger-Gaudry Building, Montreal, Quebec, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault
- Cancer axis and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du CHUM- CRCHUM, 900 St-Denis Street, Viger Tower, Room R10.480, Montreal, Quebec, H2X0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit Boulevard, Roger-Gaudry Building, Montreal, Quebec, H3T1J4, Canada.
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CD56bright Natural Killer Cells: A Possible Biomarker of Different Treatments in Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051450. [PMID: 32414131 PMCID: PMC7291063 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system, which leads, in many cases, to irreversible disability. More than 15 disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) are available for the treatment of MS. Clinical activity or activity at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are now used to assess the efficacy of DMTs, but are negative prognostic factors per se. Therefore, a biomarker permitting us to identify patients who respond to treatment before they develop clinical/radiological signs of MS activity would be of high importance. The number of circulating CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells may be such a biomarker. CD56bright NK cells are a regulatory immune population belonging to the innate immune system. The number of CD56bright NK cells increases upon treatment with interferon-beta, alemtuzumab, dimethyl fumarate, after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and is higher in those who respond to fingolimod. In some cases, an increased number of CD56bright NK cells is associated with an increase in their regulatory function. In the current review, we will evaluate the known effect on CD56bright NK cells of DMTs for MS, and will discuss their possible role as a biomarker for treatment response in MS.
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Targeting of the cGAS-STING system by DNA viruses. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 174:113831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cavallari JF, Barra NG, Foley KP, Lee A, Duggan BM, Henriksbo BD, Anhê FF, Ashkar AA, Schertzer JD. Postbiotics for NOD2 require nonhematopoietic RIPK2 to improve blood glucose and metabolic inflammation in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E579-E585. [PMID: 32101030 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00033.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Defining the host receptors and metabolic consequences of bacterial components can help explain how the microbiome influences metabolic diseases. Bacterial peptidoglycans that activate nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing (NOD)1 worsen glucose control, whereas NOD2 activation improves glycemia. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is required for innate immunity instigated by NOD1 and NOD2. The role of RIPK2 in the divergent effects of NOD1 versus NOD2 on blood glucose was unknown. We found that whole body deletion of RIPK2 negated all effects of NOD1 or NOD2 activation on blood glucose during an acute, low level endotoxin challenge in mice. It was known that NOD1 in hematopoietic cells participates in insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation in obese mice. It was unknown if RIPK2 in hematopoietic cells is required for the glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of NOD2 activation. We hypothesized that RIPK2 in nonhematopoietic cells dictated the glycemic effects of NOD2 activation. We found that whole body deletion of RIPK2 prevented the glucose-lowering effects of repeated NOD2 activation that were evident during a glucose tolerance test (GTT) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed wild-type (WT) mice. NOD2 activation lowered glucose during a GTT and lowered adipose tissue inflammation in mice with RIPK2 deleted in hematopoietic cells. We conclude that RIPK2 in nonhematopoietic cells mediates the glucose lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of NOD2-activating postbiotics. We propose a model where lipopolysaccharides and NOD1 ligands synergize in hematopoietic cells to promote insulin resistance but NOD2 activation in nonhematopoietic cells promotes RIPK2-dependent immune tolerance and lowering of inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole G Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin P Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Lee
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany M Duggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandyn D Henriksbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando Forato Anhê
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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