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Huang J, De Veirman L, Van Breusegem F. Cysteine thiol sulfinic acid in plant stress signaling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2766-2779. [PMID: 38251793 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cysteine thiols are susceptible to various oxidative posttranslational modifications (PTMs) due to their high chemical reactivity. Thiol-based PTMs play a crucial role in regulating protein functions and are key contributors to cellular redox signaling. Although reversible thiol-based PTMs, such as disulfide bond formation, S-nitrosylation, and S-glutathionylation, have been extensively studied for their roles in redox regulation, thiol sulfinic acid (-SO2H) modification is often perceived as irreversible and of marginal significance in redox signaling. Here, we revisit this narrow perspective and shed light on the redox regulatory roles of -SO2H in plant stress signaling. We provide an overview of protein sulfinylation in plants, delving into the roles of hydrogen peroxide-mediated and plant cysteine oxidase-catalyzed formation of -SO2H, highlighting the involvement of -SO2H in specific regulatory signaling pathways. Additionally, we compile the existing knowledge of the -SO2H reducing enzyme, sulfiredoxin, offering insights into its molecular mechanisms and biological relevance. We further summarize current proteomic techniques for detecting -SO2H and furnish a list of experimentally validated cysteine -SO2H sites across various species, discussing their functional consequences. This review aims to spark new insights and discussions that lead to further investigations into the functional significance of protein -SO2H-based redox signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Huang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindsy De Veirman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Cannon AE, Horn PJ. The Molecular Frequency, Conservation and Role of Reactive Cysteines in Plant Lipid Metabolism. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:826-844. [PMID: 38113384 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Cysteines (Cys) are chemically reactive amino acids containing sulfur that play diverse roles in plant biology. Recent proteomics investigations in Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed the presence of thiol post-translational modifications (PTMs) in several Cys residues. These PTMs are presumed to impact protein structure and function, yet mechanistic data regarding the specific Cys susceptible to modification and their biochemical relevance remain limited. To help address these limitations, we have conducted a wide-ranging analysis by integrating published datasets encompassing PTM proteomics (comparing S-sulfenylation, persulfidation, S-nitrosylation and S-acylation), genomics and protein structures, with a specific focus on proteins involved in plant lipid metabolism. The prevalence and distribution of modified Cys residues across all analyzed proteins is diverse and multifaceted. Nevertheless, by combining an evaluation of sequence conservation across 100+ plant genomes with AlphaFold-generated protein structures and physicochemical predictions, we have unveiled structural propensities associated with Cys modifications. Furthermore, we have identified discernible patterns in lipid biochemical pathways enriched with Cys PTMs, notably involving beta-oxidation, jasmonic acid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis and wax biosynthesis. These collective findings provide valuable insights for future investigations targeting the mechanistic foundations of Cys modifications and the regulation of modified proteins in lipid metabolism and other metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Cannon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Patrick J Horn
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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3
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Liu J, Wang X, Wu H, Zhu Y, Ahmad I, Dong G, Zhou G, Wu Y. Association between Reactive Oxygen Species, Transcription Factors, and Candidate Genes in Drought-Resistant Sorghum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6464. [PMID: 38928168 PMCID: PMC11203540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most severe natural disasters in terms of its frequency, length, impact intensity, and associated losses, making it a significant threat to agricultural productivity. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), a C4 plant, shows a wide range of morphological, physiological, and biochemical adaptations in response to drought stress, paving the way for it to endure harsh environments. In arid environments, sorghum exhibits enhanced water uptake and reduced dissipation through its morphological activity, allowing it to withstand drought stress. Sorghum exhibits physiological and biochemical resistance to drought, primarily by adjusting its osmotic potential, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and changing the activities of its antioxidant enzymes. In addition, certain sorghum genes exhibit downregulation capabilities in response to drought stress. Therefore, in the current review, we explore drought tolerance in sorghum, encompassing its morphological characteristics and physiological mechanisms and the identification and selection of its functional genes. The use of modern biotechnological and molecular biological approaches to improving sorghum resistance is critical for selecting and breeding drought-tolerant sorghum varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Joint International Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (J.L.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (I.A.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
| | - Xin Wang
- Joint International Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (J.L.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (I.A.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
| | - Hao Wu
- Joint International Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (J.L.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (I.A.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Joint International Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (J.L.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (I.A.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Joint International Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (J.L.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (I.A.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
| | - Guichun Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Joint International Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (J.L.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (I.A.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Joint International Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (J.L.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (I.A.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
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Hernández ML, Jiménez-López J, Cejudo FJ, Pérez-Ruiz JM. 2-Cys peroxiredoxins contribute to thylakoid lipid unsaturation by affecting ω-3 fatty acid desaturase 8. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1521-1535. [PMID: 38386701 PMCID: PMC11142380 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid unsaturation levels affect chloroplast function and plant acclimation to environmental cues. However, the regulatory mechanism(s) controlling fatty acid unsaturation in thylakoid lipids is poorly understood. Here, we have investigated the connection between chloroplast redox homeostasis and lipid metabolism by focusing on 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prxs), which play a central role in balancing the redox state within the organelle. The chloroplast redox network relies on NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC), which controls the redox balance of 2-Cys Prxs to maintain the reductive activity of redox-regulated enzymes. Our results show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants deficient in 2-Cys Prxs contain decreased levels of trienoic fatty acids, mainly in chloroplast lipids, indicating that these enzymes contribute to thylakoid membrane lipids unsaturation. This function of 2-Cys Prxs is independent of NTRC, the main reductant of these enzymes, hence 2-Cys Prxs operates beyond the classic chloroplast regulatory redox system. Moreover, the effect of 2-Cys Prxs on lipid metabolism is primarily exerted through the prokaryotic pathway of glycerolipid biosynthesis and fatty acid desaturase 8 (FAD8). While 2-Cys Prxs and FAD8 interact in leaf membranes as components of a large protein complex, the levels of FAD8 were markedly decreased when FAD8 is overexpressed in 2-Cys Prxs-deficient mutant backgrounds. These findings reveal a function for 2-Cys Prxs, possibly acting as a scaffold protein, affecting the unsaturation degree of chloroplast membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julia Jiménez-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cejudo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis , Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Rahaman H, Herojit K, Singh LR, Haobam R, Fisher AB. Structural and Functional Diversity of the Peroxiredoxin 6 Enzyme Family. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:759-775. [PMID: 37463006 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Peroxiredoxins (Prdxs) with a single peroxidative cysteine (CP) in a conserved motif PXXX(T/S)XXCP within its thioredoxin fold, have been classified as the peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6 ) family. All Prdxs can reduce H2O2 and short chain hydroperoxides while Prdx6 in addition, can reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH) due to its ability to interact with peroxidized phospholipid substrate. The single CP of Prdx6 uses various external electron donors including glutathione thioredoxin, and ascorbic acid for resolution of its peroxidized state and, therefore, its peroxidase activity. Prdx6 proteins also exhibit Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (PLA2), lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT), and chaperone activities that depend on cellular localization and the oxidation and oligomerisation states of the protein. Thus, Prdx6 is a "moonlighting" enzyme. Recent Advance: Physiologically, Prdx6s have been reported to play an important role in protection against oxidative stress, repair of peroxidized cell membranes, mammalian lung surfactant turnover, activation of some NADPH oxidases, the regulation of seed germination in plants, as an indicator of cellular levels of reactive O2 species through Nrf-Klf9 activation, and possibly in male fertility, regulation of cell death through ferroptosis, cancer metastasis, and oxidative stress-related signalling pathways. Critical Issues: This review outlines Prdx6 enzyme unique structural features and explores its wide range of physiological functions. Yet, existing structural data falls short of fully revealing all of human Prdx6 multifunctional roles. Further endeavour is required to bridge this gap in its understanding. Although there are wide variations in both the structure and function of Prdx6 family members in various organisms, all Prdx6 proteins show the unique a long C-terminal extension that is also seen in Prdx1, but not in other Prdxs. Future Directions: As research data continues to accumulate, the potential for detailed insights into the role of C-terminal of Prdx6 in its oligomerisation and activities. There is a need for thorough exploration of structural characteristics of the various biological functions. Additionally, uncovering the interacting partners of Prdx6 and understanding its involvement in signalling pathways will significantly contribute to a more profound comprehension of its role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidur Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal, India
| | - Khundrakpam Herojit
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Mangolnganbi College, Ningthoukhong, India
| | | | - Reena Haobam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal, India
| | - Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Imran A, Ghosh A. Evolutionary expansion, functional diversification, and transcript profiling of plant Glutathione Peroxidases. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 341:111991. [PMID: 38266716 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.111991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) play a crucial role in combating activated oxygen species and have been widely studied for their involvement in stress responses. In addition to their stress-related functions, GPXs exhibit diverse roles such as immunological response, and involvement in growth and development. These enzymes are found in both animals and plants, with multiple families identified in the evolutionarily diverse species. These families consist of conserved genes as well as unique members, highlighting the evolutionary diversification of GPX members. While animals have eight GPX families, plants possess five families. Notably, plant genomes undergo duplication and expansion events, leading to an increase in the number of GPX genes and the overall size of the GPX superfamily. This expansion suggests a wide range of functional roles for GPX. In this study, the evolutionary diversification, family expansion, and diverse functional roles of GPX enzymes have been investigated. Additionally, the expression profile of Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa GPX genes were analyzed in different developmental stages, tissues, and abiotic stress conditions. Further extensive research has been required to unravel the intricate interplay between GPX and other proteins, to gain the comprehensive mechanism governing the physiological and developmental roles of GPX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Imran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Ajit Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.
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Smolikova G, Krylova E, Petřík I, Vilis P, Vikhorev A, Strygina K, Strnad M, Frolov A, Khlestkina E, Medvedev S. Involvement of Abscisic Acid in Transition of Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) Seeds from Germination to Post-Germination Stages. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:206. [PMID: 38256760 PMCID: PMC10819913 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The transition from seed to seedling represents a critical developmental step in the life cycle of higher plants, dramatically affecting plant ontogenesis and stress tolerance. The release from dormancy to acquiring germination ability is defined by a balance of phytohormones, with the substantial contribution of abscisic acid (ABA), which inhibits germination. We studied the embryonic axis of Pisum sativum L. before and after radicle protrusion. Our previous work compared RNA sequencing-based transcriptomics in the embryonic axis isolated before and after radicle protrusion. The current study aims to analyze ABA-dependent gene regulation during the transition of the embryonic axis from the germination to post-germination stages. First, we determined the levels of abscisates (ABA, phaseic acid, dihydrophaseic acid, and neo-phaseic acid) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Second, we made a detailed annotation of ABA-associated genes using RNA sequencing-based transcriptome profiling. Finally, we analyzed the DNA methylation patterns in the promoters of the PsABI3, PsABI4, and PsABI5 genes. We showed that changes in the abscisate profile are characterized by the accumulation of ABA catabolites, and the ABA-related gene profile is accompanied by the upregulation of genes controlling seedling development and the downregulation of genes controlling water deprivation. The expression of ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5, which encode crucial transcription factors during late maturation, was downregulated by more than 20-fold, and their promoters exhibited high levels of methylation already at the late germination stage. Thus, although ABA remains important, other regulators seems to be involved in the transition from seed to seedling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Smolikova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Ekaterina Krylova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.K.); (S.M.)
- Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacky University, Faculty of Science, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Polina Vilis
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Aleksander Vikhorev
- School of Advanced Engineering Studies, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacky University, Faculty of Science, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena Khlestkina
- Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Sergei Medvedev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.K.); (S.M.)
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8
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Farjallah A, Boubakri H, Barhoumi F, Brahmi R, Gandour M. Systematic analysis of Prx genes in the Brachypodium genus and their expression pattern under abiotic constraints. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:93-105. [PMID: 37991495 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are ubiquitous peroxidases required for the removal of excess free radicals produced under stress conditions. Peroxiredoxin genes (Prx) in the Brachypodium genus were identified using bioinformatics tools and their expression profiles were determined under abiotic stress using RT-qPCR. The promoter regions of Prx genes contain several cis-acting elements related to stress response. In silico expression analysis showed that B. distachyon Prx genes (BdPrx) are tissue specific. RT-qPCR analysis revealed their differential expression when exposed to salt or PEG-induced dehydration stress. In addition, the upregulation of BdPrx genes was accompanied by accumulation of H2 O2 . Exogenous application of H2 O2 induced expression of almost all BdPrx genes. The identified molecular interaction network indicated that Prx proteins may contribute to abiotic stress tolerance by regulating key enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis. Overall, our findings suggest the potential role of Prx genes in abiotic stress tolerance and lay the foundation for future functional analyses aiming to engineer genetically improved cereal lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Farjallah
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences and Technics of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Kairouan, Tunisia
| | - H Boubakri
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - F Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - R Brahmi
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - M Gandour
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences and Technics of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Kairouan, Tunisia
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9
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Okegawa Y, Sato N, Nakakura R, Murai R, Sakamoto W, Motohashi K. x- and y-type thioredoxins maintain redox homeostasis on photosystem I acceptor side under fluctuating light. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2498-2512. [PMID: 37606239 PMCID: PMC10663110 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants cope with sudden increases in light intensity through various photoprotective mechanisms. Redox regulation by thioredoxin (Trx) systems also contributes to this process. Whereas the functions of f- and m-type Trxs in response to such fluctuating light conditions have been extensively investigated, those of x- and y-type Trxs are largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the trx x single, trx y1 trx y2 double, and trx x trx y1 trx y2 triple mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). A detailed analysis of photosynthesis revealed changes in photosystem I (PSI) parameters under low light in trx x and trx x trx y1 trx y2. The electron acceptor side of PSI was more reduced in these mutants than in the wild type. This mutant phenotype was more pronounced under fluctuating light conditions. During both low- and high-light phases, the PSI acceptor side was largely limited in trx x and trx x trx y1 trx y2. After fluctuating light treatment, we observed more severe PSI photoinhibition in trx x and trx x trx y1 trx y2 than in the wild type. Furthermore, when grown under fluctuating light conditions, trx x and trx x trx y1 trx y2 plants showed impaired growth and decreased level of PSI subunits. These results suggest that Trx x and Trx y prevent redox imbalance on the PSI acceptor side, which is required to protect PSI from photoinhibition, especially under fluctuating light. We also propose that Trx x and Trx y contribute to maintaining the redox balance even under constant low-light conditions to prepare for sudden increases in light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Okegawa
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Nozomi Sato
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
| | - Rino Nakakura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
| | - Ryota Murai
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Ken Motohashi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
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10
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Siebieszuk A, Sejbuk M, Witkowska AM. Studying the Human Microbiota: Advances in Understanding the Fundamentals, Origin, and Evolution of Biological Timekeeping. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16169. [PMID: 38003359 PMCID: PMC10671191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently observed circadian oscillations of the intestinal microbiota underscore the profound nature of the human-microbiome relationship and its importance for health. Together with the discovery of circadian clocks in non-photosynthetic gut bacteria and circadian rhythms in anucleated cells, these findings have indicated the possibility that virtually all microorganisms may possess functional biological clocks. However, they have also raised many essential questions concerning the fundamentals of biological timekeeping, its evolution, and its origin. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent literature in molecular chronobiology, aiming to bring together the latest evidence on the structure and mechanisms driving microbial biological clocks while pointing to potential applications of this knowledge in medicine. Moreover, it discusses the latest hypotheses regarding the evolution of timing mechanisms and describes the functions of peroxiredoxins in cells and their contribution to the cellular clockwork. The diversity of biological clocks among various human-associated microorganisms and the role of transcriptional and post-translational timekeeping mechanisms are also addressed. Finally, recent evidence on metabolic oscillators and host-microbiome communication is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Siebieszuk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Monika Sejbuk
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
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Zinzius K, Marchetti GM, Fischer R, Milrad Y, Oltmanns A, Kelterborn S, Yacoby I, Hegemann P, Scholz M, Hippler M. Calredoxin regulates the chloroplast NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2122-2140. [PMID: 37474113 PMCID: PMC10602609 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Calredoxin (CRX) is a calcium (Ca2+)-dependent thioredoxin (TRX) in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) with a largely unclear physiological role. We elucidated the CRX functionality by performing in-depth quantitative proteomics of wild-type cells compared with a crx insertional mutant (IMcrx), two CRISPR/Cas9 KO mutants, and CRX rescues. These analyses revealed that the chloroplast NADPH-dependent TRX reductase (NTRC) is co-regulated with CRX. Electron transfer measurements revealed that CRX inhibits NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized chloroplast 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (PRX1) via NTRC and that the function of the NADPH-NTRC complex is under strict control of CRX. Via non-reducing SDS-PAGE assays and mass spectrometry, our data also demonstrated that PRX1 is more oxidized under high light (HL) conditions in the absence of CRX. The redox tuning of PRX1 and control of the NADPH-NTRC complex via CRX interconnect redox control with active photosynthetic electron transport and metabolism, as well as Ca2+ signaling. In this way, an economic use of NADPH for PRX1 reduction is ensured. The finding that the absence of CRX under HL conditions severely inhibited light-driven CO2 fixation underpins the importance of CRX for redox tuning, as well as for efficient photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Zinzius
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Giulia Maria Marchetti
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Ronja Fischer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Yuval Milrad
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Anne Oltmanns
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Kelterborn
- Institute of Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iftach Yacoby
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Peter Hegemann
- Institute of Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
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12
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Qin H, Sandrini G, Piel T, Slot PC, Huisman J, Visser PM. The harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 is more resistant to hydrogen peroxide at elevated CO 2. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 128:102482. [PMID: 37714576 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 can intensify harmful cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic lakes. Worldwide, these blooms are an increasing environmental concern. Low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have been proposed as a short-term but eco-friendly approach to selectively mitigate cyanobacterial blooms. However, sensitivity of cyanobacteria to H2O2 can vary depending on the available resources. To find out how cyanobacteria respond to H2O2 under elevated CO2, Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 was cultured in chemostats with nutrient-replete medium under C-limiting and C-replete conditions (150 ppm and 1500 ppm CO2, respectively). Microcystis chemostats exposed to high CO2 showed higher cell densities, biovolumes, and microcystin contents, but a lower photosynthetic efficiency and pH compared to the cultures grown under low CO2. Subsamples of the chemostats were treated with different concentrations of H2O2 (0-10 mg·L-1 H2O2) in batch cultures under two different light intensities (15 and 100 μmol photons m-2·s-1) and the response in photosynthetic vitality was monitored during 24 h. Results showed that Microcystis was more resistant to H2O2 at elevated CO2 than under carbon-limited conditions. Both low and high CO2-adapted cells were more sensitive to H2O2 at high light than at low light. Microcystins (MCs) leaked out of the cells of cultures exposed to 2-10 mg·L-1 H2O2, while the sum of intra- and extracellular MCs decreased. Although both H2O2 and CO2 concentrations in lakes vary in response to many factors, these results imply that it may become more difficult to suppress cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic lakes when atmospheric CO2 concentrations continue to rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Giovanni Sandrini
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Technology & Sources, Evides Water Company, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Piel
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C Slot
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra M Visser
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Casatejada A, Puerto-Galán L, Pérez-Ruiz JM, Cejudo FJ. The contribution of glutathione peroxidases to chloroplast redox homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102731. [PMID: 37245286 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidizing signals mediated by the thiol-dependent peroxidase activity of 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (PRXs) plays an essential role in fine-tuning chloroplast redox balance in response to changes in light intensity, a function that depends on NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC). In addition, plant chloroplasts are equipped with glutathione peroxidases (GPXs), thiol-dependent peroxidases that rely on thioredoxins (TRXs). Despite having a similar reaction mechanism than 2-Cys PRXs, the contribution of oxidizing signals mediated by GPXs to the chloroplast redox homeostasis remains poorly known. To address this issue, we have generated the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) double mutant gpx1gpx7, which is devoid of the two GPXs, 1 and 7, localized in the chloroplast. Furthermore, to analyze the functional relationship of chloroplast GPXs with the NTRC-2-Cys PRXs redox system, the 2cpab-gpx1gpx7 and ntrc-gpx1gpx7 mutants were generated. The gpx1gpx7 mutant displayed wild type-like phenotype indicating that chloroplast GPXs are dispensable for plant growth at least under standard conditions. However, the 2cpab-gpx1gpx7 showed more retarded growth than the 2cpab mutant. The simultaneous lack of 2-Cys PRXs and GPXs affected PSII performance and caused higher delay of enzyme oxidation in the dark. In contrast, the ntrc-gpx1gpx7 mutant combining the lack of NTRC and chloroplast GPXs behaved like the ntrc mutant indicating that the contribution of GPXs to chloroplast redox homeostasis is independent of NTRC. Further supporting this notion, in vitro assays showed that GPXs are not reduced by NTRC but by TRX y2. Based on these results, we propose a role for GPXs in the chloroplast redox hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara Casatejada
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Leonor Puerto-Galán
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan M Pérez-Ruiz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Cejudo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain.
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14
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Xiao G, Zhao M, Liu Q, Zhou J, Cheng Z, Wang Q, Xia G, Wang M. TaBAS1 encoding a typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin enhances salt tolerance in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1152375. [PMID: 36998677 PMCID: PMC10043318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1152375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Efficient antioxidant enzymatic system contributes to salt tolerance of plants via avoiding ROS over-accumulation. Peroxiredoxins are crucial components of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging machinery in plant cells, but whether they offer salt tolerance with potential for germplasm improvement has not been well addressed in wheat. In this work, we confirmed the role of a wheat 2-Cys peroxiredoxin gene TaBAS1 that was identified through the proteomic analysis. TaBAS1 overexpression enhanced the salt tolerance of wheat at both germination and seedling stages. TaBAS1 overexpression enhanced the tolerance to oxidative stress, promoted the activities of ROS scavenging enzymes, and reduced ROS accumulation under salt stress. TaBAS1 overexpression promoted the activity of ROS production associated NADPH oxidase, and the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity abolished the role of TaBAS1 in salt and oxidative tolerance. Moreover, the inhibition of NADPH-thioredoxin reductase C activity erased the performance of TaBAS1 in the tolerance to salt and oxidative stress. The ectopic expression of TaBAS1 in Arabidopsis exhibited the same performance, showing the conserved role of 2-Cys peroxiredoxins in salt tolerance in plants. TaBAS1 overexpression enhanced the grain yield of wheat under salt stress but not the control condition, not imposing the trade-offs between yield and tolerance. Thus, TaBAS1 could be used for molecular breeding of wheat with superior salt tolerance.
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15
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Gallardo-Martínez AM, Jiménez-López J, Hernández ML, Pérez-Ruiz JM, Cejudo FJ. Plastid 2-Cys peroxiredoxins are essential for embryogenesis in Arabidopsis. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102645. [PMID: 36898225 PMCID: PMC10020101 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The redox couple formed by NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) and 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prxs) allows fine-tuning chloroplast performance in response to light intensity changes. Accordingly, the Arabidopsis 2cpab mutant lacking 2-Cys Prxs shows growth inhibition and sensitivity to light stress. However, this mutant also shows defective post-germinative growth, suggesting a relevant role of plastid redox systems in seed development, which is so far unknown. To address this issue, we first analyzed the pattern of expression of NTRC and 2-Cys Prxs in developing seeds. Transgenic lines expressing GFP fusions of these proteins showed their expression in developing embryos, which was low at the globular stage and increased at heart and torpedo stages, coincident with embryo chloroplast differentiation, and confirmed the plastid localization of these enzymes. The 2cpab mutant produced white and abortive seeds, which contained lower and altered composition of fatty acids, thus showing the relevance of 2-Cys Prxs in embryogenesis. Most embryos of white and abortive seeds of the 2cpab mutant were arrested at heart and torpedo stages of embryogenesis suggesting an essential function of 2-Cys Prxs in embryo chloroplast differentiation. This phenotype was not recovered by a mutant version of 2-Cys Prx A replacing the peroxidatic Cys by Ser. Neither the lack nor the overexpression of NTRC had any effect on seed development indicating that the function of 2-Cys Prxs at these early stages of development is independent of NTRC, in clear contrast with the operation of these regulatory redox systems in leaves chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M Gallardo-Martínez
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Julia Jiménez-López
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - María Luisa Hernández
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez-Ruiz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Cejudo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
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16
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Das A, Dedon N, Enders DJ, Fjellheim S, Preston JC. Testing the chilling- before drought-tolerance hypothesis in Pooideae grasses. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:772-785. [PMID: 36420966 PMCID: PMC10107940 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Temperate Pooideae are a large clade of economically important grasses distributed in some of the Earth's coldest and driest terrestrial environments. Previous studies have inferred that Pooideae diversified from their tropical ancestors in a cold montane habitat, suggesting that above-freezing cold (chilling) tolerance evolved early in the subfamily. By contrast, drought tolerance is hypothesized to have evolved multiple times independently in response to global aridification that occurred after the split of Pooideae tribes. To independently test predictions of the chilling-before-drought hypothesis in Pooideae, we assessed conservation of whole plant and gene expression traits in response to chilling vs. drought. We demonstrated that both trait responses are more similar across tribes in cold as compared to drought, suggesting that chilling responses evolved before, and drought responses after, tribe diversification. Moreover, we found significantly more overlap between drought and chilling responsive genes within a species than between drought responsive genes across species, providing evidence that chilling tolerance genes acted as precursors for the novel acquisition of increased drought tolerance multiple times independently, partially through the cooption of chilling responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayudh Das
- Department of Plant Biology, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Natalie Dedon
- Department of Plant Biology, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Daniel J Enders
- Department of Plant Biology, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Siri Fjellheim
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Jill C Preston
- Department of Plant Biology, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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17
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Kolupaev YE, Yastreb TO, Ryabchun NI, Yemets AI, Dmitriev OP, Blume YB. Cellular Mechanisms of the Formation of Plant Adaptive Responses to High Temperatures. CYTOL GENET+ 2023. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452723010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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18
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Jiang H, Gao W, Jiang BL, Liu X, Jiang YT, Zhang LT, Zhang Y, Yan SN, Cao JJ, Lu J, Ma CX, Chang C, Zhang HP. Identification and validation of coding and non-coding RNAs involved in high-temperature-mediated seed dormancy in common wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1107277. [PMID: 36818881 PMCID: PMC9929302 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1107277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Seed dormancy (SD) significantly decreases under high temperature (HT) environment during seed maturation, resulting in pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) damage under prolonged rainfall and wet weather during wheat harvest. However, the molecular mechanism underlying HT-mediated SD remains elusiveSeed dormancy (SD) significantly decreases under high temperature (HT) environment during seed maturation, resulting in pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) damage under prolonged rainfall and wet weather during wheat harvest. However, the molecular mechanism underlying HT-mediated SD remains elusive. METHODS Here, the wheat landrace 'Waitoubai' with strong SD and PHS resistance was treated with HT from 21 to 35 days post anthesis (DPA). Then, the seeds under HT and normal temperature (NT) environments were collected at 21 DPA, 28 DPA, and 35 DPA and subjected to whole-transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS The phenotypic data showed that the seed germination percentage significantly increased, whereas SD decreased after HT treatment compared with NT, consistent with the results of previous studies. In total, 5128 mRNAs, 136 microRNAs (miRNAs), 273 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and 21 circularRNAs were found to be responsive to HT, and some of them were further verified through qRT-PCR. In particular, the known gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis gene TaGA20ox1 (TraesCS3D02G393900) was proved to be involved in HT-mediated dormancy by using the EMS-mutagenized wheat cultivar Jimai 22. Similarly, a novel gene TaCDPK21 (TraesCS7A02G267000) involved in the calcium signaling pathway was validated to be associated with HT-mediated dormancy by using the EMS mutant. Moreover, TaCDPK21 overexpression in Arabidopsis and functional complementarity tests supported the negative role of TaCDPK21 in SD. We also constructed a co-expression regulatory network based on differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs and found that a novel miR27319 was located at a key node of this regulatory network. Subsequently, using Arabidopsis and rice lines overexpressing miR27319 precursor or lacking miR27319 expression, we validated the positive role of miR27319 in SD and further preliminarily dissected the molecular mechanism of miR27319 underlying SD regulation through phytohormone abscisic acid and GA biosynthesis, catabolism, and signaling pathways. DISCUSSION These findings not only broaden our understanding of the complex regulatory network of HT-mediated dormancy but also provide new gene resources for improving wheat PHS resistance to minimize PHS damage by using the molecular pyramiding approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheng Chang
- *Correspondence: Cheng Chang, ; Hai-ping Zhang,
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Arefian M, Prasad TSK. Susceptibility of Rice Crop to Salt Threat: Proteomic, Metabolomic, and Physiological Inspections. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:152-169. [PMID: 36417662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rice is a staple food crop worldwide; however, salinity stress is estimated to reduce its global production by 50%. Knowledge about initial molecular signaling and proteins associated with sensing salinity among crop plants is limited. We characterized early salt effects on the proteome and metabolome of rice tissues. Omics results were validated by western blotting and multiple reaction monitoring assays and integrated with physiological changes. We identified 8160 proteins and 2045 metabolites in rice tissues. Numerous signaling pathways were induced rapidly or partially by salinity. Combined data showed the most susceptible proteins or metabolites in each pathway that likely affected the sensitivity of rice to salinity, such as PLA1, BON3 (involved in sensing stress), SnRK2, pro-resilin, GDT1, G-proteins, calmodulin activators (Ca2+ and abscisic acid signaling), MAPK3/5, MAPKK1/3 (MAPK pathway), SOS1, ABC F/D, PIP2-7, and K+ transporter-23 (transporters), OPR1, JAR1, COL1, ABA2, and MAPKK3 (phytohormones). Additionally, our results expanded the stress-sensing function of receptor-like kinases, phosphatidylinositols, and Na+ sensing proteins (IPUT1). Combined analyses revealed the most sensitive components of signaling pathways causing salt-susceptibility in rice and suggested potential targets for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arefian
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Mangalore 575018, India
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Integrative Omics Analysis of Three Oil Palm Varieties Reveals (Tanzania × Ekona) TE as a Cold-Resistant Variety in Response to Low-Temperature Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314926. [PMID: 36499255 PMCID: PMC9740226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is an economically important tropical oil crop widely cultivated in tropical zones worldwide. Being a tropical crop, low-temperature stress adversely affects the oil palm. However, integrative leaf transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have not yet been conducted on an oil palm crop under cold stress. In this study, integrative omics transcriptomic and iTRAQ-based proteomic approaches were employed for three oil palm varieties, i.e., B × E (Bamenda × Ekona), O × G (E. oleifera × Elaeis guineensis), and T × E (Tanzania × Ekona), in response to low-temperature stress. In response to low-temperature stress at (8 °C) for 5 days, a total of 5175 up- and 2941 downregulated DEGs in BE-0_VS_BE-5, and a total of 3468 up- and 2443 downregulated DEGs for OG-0_VS_OG-5, and 3667 up- and 2151 downregulated DEGs for TE-0_VS_TE-5 were identified. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis showed 349 up- and 657 downregulated DEPs for BE-0_VS_BE-5, 372 up- and 264 downregulated DEPs for OG-0_VS_OG-5, and 500 up- and 321 downregulated DEPs for TE-0_VS_TE-5 compared to control samples treated at 28 °C and 8 °C, respectively. The KEGG pathway correlation of oil palm has shown that the metabolic synthesis and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites pathways were significantly enriched in the transcriptome and proteome of the oil palm varieties. The correlation expression pattern revealed that TE-0_VS_TE-5 is highly expressed and BE-0_VS_BE-5 is suppressed in both the transcriptome and proteome in response to low temperature. Furthermore, numerous transcription factors (TFs) were found that may regulate cold acclimation in three oil palm varieties at low temperatures. Moreover, this study identified proteins involved in stresses (abiotic, biotic, oxidative, and heat shock), photosynthesis, and respiration in iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of three oil palm varieties. The increased abundance of stress-responsive proteins and decreased abundance of photosynthesis-related proteins suggest that the TE variety may become cold-resistant in response to low-temperature stress. This study may provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanism for the adaptation of oil palm varieties in response to low-temperature stress in China.
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Minguillón S, Matamoros MA, Duanmu D, Becana M. Signaling by reactive molecules and antioxidants in legume nodules. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:815-832. [PMID: 35975700 PMCID: PMC9826421 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Legume nodules are symbiotic structures formed as a result of the interaction with rhizobia. Nodules fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that is assimilated by the plant and this process requires strict metabolic regulation and signaling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are involved as signal molecules at all stages of symbiosis, from rhizobial infection to nodule senescence. Also, reactive sulfur species (RSS) are emerging as important signals for an efficient symbiosis. Homeostasis of reactive molecules is mainly accomplished by antioxidant enzymes and metabolites and is essential to allow redox signaling while preventing oxidative damage. Here, we examine the metabolic pathways of reactive molecules and antioxidants with an emphasis on their functions in signaling and protection of symbiosis. In addition to providing an update of recent findings while paying tribute to original studies, we identify several key questions. These include the need of new methodologies to detect and quantify ROS, RNS, and RSS, avoiding potential artifacts due to their short lifetimes and tissue manipulation; the regulation of redox-active proteins by post-translational modification; the production and exchange of reactive molecules in plastids, peroxisomes, nuclei, and bacteroids; and the unknown but expected crosstalk between ROS, RNS, and RSS in nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Minguillón
- Departamento de BiologíaVegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula DeiConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasApartado 1303450080ZaragozaSpain
| | - Manuel A. Matamoros
- Departamento de BiologíaVegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula DeiConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasApartado 1303450080ZaragozaSpain
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de BiologíaVegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula DeiConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasApartado 1303450080ZaragozaSpain
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22
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Kalwani P, Rath D, Ballal A. Loss of 2-Cys-Prx affects cellular ultrastructure, disturbs redox poise and impairs photosynthesis in cyanobacteria. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2972-2986. [PMID: 35909079 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In a striking similarity to plant chloroplasts, the cyanobacterium Anabaena displays very low catalase activity, but expresses several peroxiredoxins (Prxs), including the typical 2-Cys-Prx (annotated as Alr4641), that detoxify H2 O2 . Due to the presence of multiple Prxs, the precise contribution of Alr4641 to the oxidative stress response of Anabaena is not well-defined. To unambiguously assess its in vivo function, the Alr4641 protein was knocked down using the CRISPRi approach in Anabaena PCC 7120. The knockdown strain (An-KD4641), which showed over 85% decrease in the content of Alr4641, was viable, but grew slower than the control strain (An-dCas9). An-KD4641 showed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and the expression of several redox-responsive genes was analogous to that of An-dCas9 subjected to oxidative stress. The knockdown strain displayed reduced filament size, altered thylakoid ultrastructure, a marked drop in the ratio of phycocyanin to chlorophyll a and decreased photosynthetic parameters compared to An-dCas9. In comparison to the control strain, exposure to H2 O2 had a more severe effect on the photosynthetic parameters or survival of An-KD4641. Thus, in the absence of adequate catalase activity, 2-Cys-Prx appears to be the principal Prx responsible for maintaining redox homoeostasis in diverse photosynthetic systems ranging from chloroplasts to cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kalwani
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Devashish Rath
- Applied Genomics Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Anand Ballal
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
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Bi G, Hu M, Fu L, Zhang X, Zuo J, Li J, Yang J, Zhou JM. The cytosolic thiol peroxidase PRXIIB is an intracellular sensor for H 2O 2 that regulates plant immunity through a redox relay. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1160-1175. [PMID: 36241731 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid production of H2O2 is a hallmark of plant responses to diverse pathogens and plays a crucial role in signalling downstream of various receptors that perceive immunogenic patterns. However, mechanisms by which plants sense H2O2 to regulate immunity remain poorly understood. We show that endogenous H2O2 generated upon immune activation is sensed by the thiol peroxidase PRXIIB via oxidation at Cys51, and this is essential for stomatal immunity against Pseudomonas syringae. We further show that in immune-stimulated cells, PRXIIB conjugates via Cys51 with the type 2C protein phosphatase ABA insensitive 2 (ABI2), subsequently transducing H2O2 signal to ABI2. This oxidation dramatically sensitizes H2O2-mediated inhibition of the ABI2 phosphatase activity in vitro and is required for stomatal immunity in plants. Together, our results illustrate a redox relay, with PRXIIB as a sensor for H2O2 and ABI2 as a target protein, that mediates reactive oxygen species signalling during plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Man Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianru Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China.
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24
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You C, Li C, Ma M, Tang W, Kou M, Yan H, Song W, Gao R, Wang X, Zhang Y, Li Q. A C2-Domain Abscisic Acid-Related Gene, IbCAR1, Positively Enhances Salt Tolerance in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179680. [PMID: 36077077 PMCID: PMC9456122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant C2-domain abscisic acid-related (CAR) protein family plays an important role in plant growth, abiotic stress responses, and defense regulation. In this study, we cloned the IbCAR1 by homologous cloning method from the transcriptomic data of Xuzishu8, which is a sweet potato cultivar with dark-purple flesh. This gene was expressed in all tissues of sweet potato, with the highest expression level in leaf tissue, and it could be induced by NaCl and ABA. Subcellular localization analyses indicated that IbCAR1 was localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane. The PI staining experiment revealed the distinctive root cell membrane integrity of overexpressed transgenic lines upon salt stress. Salt stress significantly increased the contents of proline, ABA, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), whereas the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased in overexpressed lines. On the contrary, RNA interference plants showed sensitivity to salt stress. Overexpression of IbCAR1 in sweet potatoes could improve the salt tolerance of plants, while the RNAi of IbCAR1 significantly increased sensitivity to salt stress in sweet potatoes. Meanwhile, the genes involved in ABA biosynthesis, stress response, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system were upregulated in overexpressed lines under salt stress. Taken together, these results demonstrated that IbCAR1 plays a positive role in salt tolerance by relying on the ABA signal transduction pathway, activating the ROS-scavenging system in sweet potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0516-8218-9203
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25
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Transcriptomic Analysis of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Roots with CLE41 Overexpression. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162163. [PMID: 36015466 PMCID: PMC9416626 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The CLE41 peptide, like all other TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (TDIF) family CLE peptides, promotes cell division in (pro-)cambium vascular meristem and prevents xylem differentiation. In this work, we analyzed the differential gene expression in the radish primary-growing P35S:RsCLE41-1 roots using the RNA-seq. Our analysis of transcriptomic data revealed a total of 62 differentially expressed genes between transgenic radish roots overexpressing the RsCLE41-1 gene and the glucuronidase (GUS) gene. For genes associated with late embryogenesis, response to abscisic acid and auxin-dependent xylem cell fate determination, an increase in the expression in P35S:RsCLE41-1 roots was found. Among those downregulated, stress-associated genes prevailed. Moreover, several genes involved in xylem specification were also downregulated in the roots with RsCLE41-1 overexpression. Unexpectedly, none of the well-known targets of TDIFs, such as WOX4 and WOX14, were identified as DEGs in our experiment. Herein, we discuss a suggestion that the activation of pathways associated with desiccation resistance, which are more characteristic of late embryogenesis, in roots with RsCLE41-overexpression may be a consequence of water deficiency onset due to impaired vascular specification.
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26
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Comprehensive identification, evolutionary patterns and the divergent response of PRX genes in Phaseolus vulgaris under biotic and abiotic interactions. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:175. [PMID: 35855475 PMCID: PMC9288579 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are novel cysteine-based peroxidases which are involved in protecting cells from oxidative damage by catalyzing the reduction of different peroxides. The present study addressed, for the first time, genome-wide identification, evolutionary patterns and expression dynamics of Phaseolus vulgaris Prx gene family (PvPrx). Nine Prx proteins were identified in P. vulgaris based on homology searches. The phylogeny analysis of Prxs from seven plant species revealed that Prx proteins can be clustered into four groups (1C-Prx, 2C-Prxs, PrxQ and type II Prxs). Both tandem and segmental duplication contributed to PvPrx gene family expansion. Intragenic reorganizations including gain/loss of exon/intron and insertions/deletions have also contributed to PvPrx gene diversification. The collinearity analysis revealed the presence of some orthologous Prx gene pairs between A. thaliana and P. vulgaris genomes. The Ka/Ks ratio indicated that two of the three PvPrx duplicated gene pairs have undergone a purifying selection. Redundant stress-related cis-acting elements were also found in the promoters of most PvPrx genes. RT q-PCR analysis revealed an upregulation of key PvPrx members in response to symbiosis and different abiotic factors. The upregulation of targeted PvPrx members, particularly in leaves exposed to salinity or drought, was accompanied by an accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). When exogenously applied, H2O2 modulated almost all PvPrx genes, suggesting a potential H2O2-scavenging role for these proteins. Collectively, our analysis provided valuable information for further functional analysis of key PvPrx members to improve common bean stress tolerance and/or its symbiotic performance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03246-8.
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Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 Uses Peroxiredoxin to Cope with Reactive Sulfur Species Stress. mBio 2022; 13:e0103922. [PMID: 35861504 PMCID: PMC9426444 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01039-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a widely distributed group of microorganisms in the ocean, and they often need to cope with the stress of reactive sulfur species, such as sulfide and sulfane sulfur. Sulfane sulfur refers to the various forms of zero-valent sulfur, including persulfide, polysulfide, and element sulfur (S8). Although sulfane sulfur participates in signaling transduction and resistance to reactive oxygen species in cyanobacteria, it is toxic at high concentrations and induces sulfur stress, which has similar effects to oxidative stress. In this study, we report that Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 uses peroxiredoxin to cope with the stress of cellular sulfane sulfur. Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 contains six peroxiredoxins, and all were induced by S8. Peroxiredoxin I (PrxI) reduced S8 to H2S by forming a disulfide bond between residues Cys53 and Cys153 of the enzyme. A partial deletion strain of Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 with decreased copy numbers of the prxI gene was more sensitive to S8 than was the wild type. Thus, peroxiredoxin is involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular sulfane sulfur in cyanobacteria. Given that peroxiredoxin evolved before the occurrence of O2 on Earth, its original function could have been to cope with reactive sulfur species stress, and that function has been preserved. IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are the earliest microorganisms that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, which has played a key role in the evolution of life on Earth, and they are the most important primary producers in the modern oceans. The cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 uses peroxiredoxin to reduce high levels of sulfane sulfur. That function is possibly the original role of peroxiredoxin, as the enzyme evolved before the appearance of O2 on Earth. The preservation of the reduction of sulfane sulfur by peroxiredoxin5-type peroxiredoxins may offer cyanobacteria an advantage in the complex environment of the modern oceans.
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28
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Fortunato S, Lasorella C, Tadini L, Jeran N, Vita F, Pesaresi P, de Pinto MC. GUN1 involvement in the redox changes occurring during biogenic retrograde signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 320:111265. [PMID: 35643615 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast biogenesis requires a tight communication between nucleus and plastids. By retrograde signals, plastids transmit information about their functional and developmental state to adjust nuclear gene expression, accordingly. GENOMES UNCOUPLED 1 (GUN1), a chloroplast-localized protein integrating several developmental and stress-related signals, is one of the main players of retrograde signaling. Here, we focused on the interplay between GUN1 and redox regulation during biogenic retrograde signaling, by investigating redox parameters in Arabidopsis wild type and gun1 seedlings. Our data highlight that during biogenic retrograde signaling superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) play a different role in response to GUN1. Under physiological conditions, even in the absence of a visible phenotype, gun1 mutants show low activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), with an increase in O2- accumulation and lipid peroxidation, suggesting that GUN1 indirectly protects chloroplasts from oxidative damage. In wild type seedlings, perturbation of chloroplast development with lincomycin causes H2O2 accumulation, in parallel with the decrease of ROS-removal metabolites and enzymes. These redox changes do not take place in gun1 mutants which, in contrast, enhance SOD, APX and catalase activities. Our results indicate that in response to lincomycin, GUN1 is necessary for the H2O2-dependent oxidation of cellular environment, which might contribute to the redox-dependent plastid-to nucleus communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Fortunato
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Cecilia Lasorella
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Luca Tadini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Nicolaj Jeran
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Federico Vita
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesaresi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
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29
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Smolikova G, Strygina K, Krylova E, Vikhorev A, Bilova T, Frolov A, Khlestkina E, Medvedev S. Seed-to-Seedling Transition in Pisum sativum L.: A Transcriptomic Approach. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131686. [PMID: 35807638 PMCID: PMC9268910 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The seed-to-seedling transition is a crucial step in the plant life cycle. The transition occurs at the end of seed germination and corresponds to the initiation of embryonic root growth. To improve our understanding of how a seed transforms into a seedling, we germinated the Pisum sativum L. seeds for 72 h and divided them into samples before and after radicle protrusion. Before radicle protrusion, seeds survived after drying and formed normally developed seedlings upon rehydration. Radicle protrusion increased the moisture content level in seed axes, and the accumulation of ROS first generated in the embryonic root and plumule. The water and oxidative status shift correlated with the desiccation tolerance loss. Then, we compared RNA sequencing-based transcriptomics in the embryonic axes isolated from pea seeds before and after radicle protrusion. We identified 24,184 differentially expressed genes during the transition to the post-germination stage. Among them, 2101 genes showed more prominent expression. They were related to primary and secondary metabolism, photosynthesis, biosynthesis of cell wall components, redox status, and responses to biotic stress. On the other hand, 415 genes showed significantly decreased expression, including the groups related to water deprivation (eight genes) and response to the ABA stimulus (fifteen genes). We assume that the water deprivation group, especially three genes also belonging to ABA stimulus (LTI65, LTP4, and HVA22E), may be crucial for the desiccation tolerance loss during a metabolic switch from seed to seedling. The latter is also accompanied by the suppression of ABA-related transcription factors ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. Among them, HVA22E, ABI4, and ABI5 were highly conservative in functional domains and showed homologous sequences in different drought-tolerant species. These findings elaborate on the critical biochemical pathways and genes regulating seed-to-seedling transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Smolikova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ksenia Strygina
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Ekaterina Krylova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
- Postgenomic Studies Laboratory, Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources of Russian Academy of Sciences, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Aleksander Vikhorev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Bilova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elena Khlestkina
- Postgenomic Studies Laboratory, Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources of Russian Academy of Sciences, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Sergei Medvedev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
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30
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Mallén-Ponce MJ, Huertas MJ, Florencio FJ. Exploring the Diversity of the Thioredoxin Systems in Cyanobacteria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040654. [PMID: 35453339 PMCID: PMC9025218 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria evolved the ability to perform oxygenic photosynthesis using light energy to reduce CO2 from electrons extracted from water and form nutrients. These organisms also developed light-dependent redox regulation through the Trx system, formed by thioredoxins (Trxs) and thioredoxin reductases (TRs). Trxs are thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases that serve as reducing substrates for target enzymes involved in numerous processes such as photosynthetic CO2 fixation and stress responses. We focus on the evolutionary diversity of Trx systems in cyanobacteria and discuss their phylogenetic relationships. The study shows that most cyanobacteria contain at least one copy of each identified Trx, and TrxA is the only one present in all genomes analyzed. Ferredoxin thioredoxin reductase (FTR) is present in all groups except Gloeobacter and Prochlorococcus, where there is a ferredoxin flavin-thioredoxin reductase (FFTR). Our data suggest that both TRs may have coexisted in ancestral cyanobacteria together with other evolutionarily related proteins such as NTRC or DDOR, probably used against oxidative stress. Phylogenetic studies indicate that they have different evolutionary histories. As cyanobacteria diversified to occupy new habitats, some of these proteins were gradually lost in some groups. Finally, we also review the physiological relevance of redox regulation in cyanobacteria through the study of target enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J. Mallén-Ponce
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.J.M.-P.); (M.J.H.)
| | - María José Huertas
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.J.M.-P.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Francisco J. Florencio
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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31
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Iwagami T, Ogawa T, Ishikawa T, Maruta T. Activation of ascorbate metabolism by nitrogen starvation and its physiological impacts in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:476-489. [PMID: 35090004 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is crucial for plant acclimation to nutrient-deficient conditions, but its molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, the effects of nutrient deficiencies on antioxidant systems in Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated. We found that ascorbate content in the plants grown with nitrogen starvation was higher than those with complete nutrition. The higher ascorbate levels were associated with enhanced gene expression of ascorbate biosynthesis enzymes and cytosolic isozymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, suggesting that nitrogen starvation facilitated both consumption and biosynthesis of ascorbate. Nevertheless, we did not identify any phenotypic differences between wild type and ascorbate-deficient mutants (vtc2) under nitrogen starvation. Under high-light stress, the vtc2 mutants suffered severer photoinhibition than wild type. Interestingly, when high-light stress and nitrogen starvation were combined, wild type and vtc2 plants exhibited photoinhibition to the same extent. Based on these findings, we discuss the regulation and role of ascorbate metabolism under nitrogen starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Iwagami
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ogawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan.,Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan.,Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan.,Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
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32
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Nowicka B. Heavy metal-induced stress in eukaryotic algae-mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16860-16911. [PMID: 35006558 PMCID: PMC8873139 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals is a collective term describing metals and metalloids with a density higher than 5 g/cm3. Some of them are essential micronutrients; others do not play a positive role in living organisms. Increased anthropogenic emissions of heavy metal ions pose a serious threat to water and land ecosystems. The mechanism of heavy metal toxicity predominantly depends on (1) their high affinity to thiol groups, (2) spatial similarity to biochemical functional groups, (3) competition with essential metal cations, (4) and induction of oxidative stress. The antioxidant response is therefore crucial for providing tolerance to heavy metal-induced stress. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of heavy metal toxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant response in eukaryotic algae. Types of ROS, their formation sites in photosynthetic cells, and the damage they cause to the cellular components are described at the beginning. Furthermore, heavy metals are characterized in more detail, including their chemical properties, roles they play in living cells, sources of contamination, biochemical mechanisms of toxicity, and stress symptoms. The following subchapters contain the description of low-molecular-weight antioxidants and ROS-detoxifying enzymes, their properties, cellular localization, and the occurrence in algae belonging to different clades, as well as the summary of the results of the experiments concerning antioxidant response in heavy metal-treated eukaryotic algae. Other mechanisms providing tolerance to metal ions are briefly outlined at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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High Throughput Identification of the Potential Antioxidant Peptides in Ophiocordyceps sinensis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020438. [PMID: 35056752 PMCID: PMC8780859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps sinensis, an ascomycete caterpillar fungus, has been used as a Traditional Chinese Medicine owing to its bioactive properties. However, until now the bio-active peptides have not been identified in this fungus. Here, the raw RNA sequences of three crucial growth stages of the artificially cultivated O. sinensis and the wild-grown mature fruit-body were aligned to the genome of O. sinensis. Both homology-based prediction and de novo-based prediction methods were used to identify 8541 putative antioxidant peptides (pAOPs). The expression profiles of the cultivated mature fruiting body were similar to those found in the wild specimens. The differential expression of 1008 pAOPs matched genes had the highest difference between ST and MF, suggesting that the pAOPs were primarily induced and play important roles in the process of the fruit-body maturation. Gene ontology analysis showed that most of pAOPs matched genes were enriched in terms of ‘cell redox homeostasis’, ‘response to oxidative stresses’, ‘catalase activity’, and ‘ integral component of cell membrane’. A total of 1655 pAOPs was identified in our protein-seqs, and some crucial pAOPs were selected, including catalase, peroxiredoxin, and SOD [Cu–Zn]. Our findings offer the first identification of the active peptide ingredients in O. sinensis, facilitating the discovery of anti-infectious bio-activity and the understanding of the roles of AOPs in fungal pathogenicity and the high-altitude adaptation in this medicinal fungus.
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34
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Bioinformatic Analyses of Peroxiredoxins and RF-Prx: A Random Forest-Based Predictor and Classifier for Prxs. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2499:155-176. [PMID: 35696080 PMCID: PMC9844236 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2317-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a protein superfamily, present in all organisms, that play a critical role in protecting cellular macromolecules from oxidative damage but also regulate intracellular and intercellular signaling processes involving redox-regulated proteins and pathways. Bioinformatic approaches using computational tools that focus on active site-proximal sequence fragments (known as active site signatures) and iterative clustering and searching methods (referred to as TuLIP and MISST) have recently enabled the recognition of over 38,000 peroxiredoxins, as well as their classification into six functionally relevant groups. With these data providing so many examples of Prxs in each class, machine learning approaches offer an opportunity to extract additional information about features characteristic of these protein groups.In this study, we developed a novel computational method named "RF-Prx" based on a random forest (RF) approach integrated with K-space amino acid pairs (KSAAP) to identify peroxiredoxins and classify them into one of six subgroups. Our process performed in a superior manner compared to other machine learning classifiers. Thus the RF approach integrated with K-space amino acid pairs enabled the detection of class-specific conserved sequences outside the known functional centers and with potential importance. For example, drugs designed to target Prx proteins would likely suffer from cross-reactivity among distinct Prxs if targeted to conserved active sites, but this may be avoidable if remote, class-specific regions could be targeted instead.
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Treffon P, Rossi J, Gabellini G, Trost P, Zaffagnini M, Vierling E. Quantitative Proteome Profiling of a S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR) Null Mutant Reveals a New Class of Enzymes Involved in Nitric Oxide Homeostasis in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:787435. [PMID: 34956283 PMCID: PMC8695856 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived radical gas that acts as a signaling molecule in all higher organisms, and that is involved in multiple plant processes, including germination, root growth, and fertility. Regulation of NO-levels is predominantly achieved by reaction of oxidation products of NO with glutathione to form S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the principal bioactive form of NO. The enzyme S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is a major route of NADH-dependent GSNO catabolism and is critical to NO homeostasis. Here, we performed a proteomic analysis examining changes in the total leaf proteome of an Arabidopsis thaliana GSNOR null mutant (hot5-2/gsnor1-3). Significant increases or decreases in proteins associated with chlorophyll metabolism and with redox and stress metabolism provide insight into phenotypes observed in hot5-2/gsnor1-3 plants. Importantly, we identified a significant increase in proteins that belong to the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) protein superfamily, AKR4C8 and 9. Because specific AKRs have been linked to NO metabolism in mammals, we expressed and purified A. thaliana AKR4C8 and 9 and close homologs AKR4C10 and 11 and determined that they have NADPH-dependent activity in GSNO and S-nitroso-coenzyme A (SNO-CoA) reduction. Further, we found an increase of NADPH-dependent GSNO reduction activity in hot5-2/gsnor1-3 mutant plants. These data uncover a new, NADPH-dependent component of NO metabolism that may be integrated with NADH-dependent GSNOR activity to control NO homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Treffon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Jacopo Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gabellini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Vierling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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Liebthal M, Kushwah MS, Kukura P, Dietz KJ. Single molecule mass photometry reveals the dynamic oligomerization of human and plant peroxiredoxins. iScience 2021; 24:103258. [PMID: 34765909 PMCID: PMC8571717 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein oligomerization is central to biological function and regulation, yet its experimental quantification and measurement of dynamic transitions in solution remain challenging. Here, we show that single molecule mass photometry quantifies affinity and polydispersity of heterogeneous protein complexes in solution. We demonstrate these capabilities by studying the functionally relevant oligomeric equilibria of 2-cysteine peroxiredoxins (2CPs). Comparison of the polydispersity of plant and human 2CPs as a function of concentration and redox state revealed features conserved among all 2CPs. In addition, we also find species-specific differences in oligomeric transitions, the occurrence of intermediates and the formation of high molecular weight complexes, which are associated with chaperone activity or act as a storage pool for more efficient dimers outlining the functional differentiation of human 2CPs. Our results point to a diversified functionality of oligomerization for 2CPs and illustrate the power of mass photometry for characterizing heterogeneous oligomeric protein distributions in near native conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Liebthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Manish Singh Kushwah
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, UK
- The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, UK
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, UK
- The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, UK
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Mallén-Ponce MJ, Huertas MJ, Sánchez-Riego AM, Florencio FJ. Depletion of m-type thioredoxin impairs photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and oxidative stress in cyanobacteria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1325-1340. [PMID: 34618018 PMCID: PMC8566235 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are disulfide oxidoreductases that regulate many biological processes. The m-type thioredoxin (TrxA) is the only Trx present in all oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Extensive biochemical and proteomic analyses have identified many TrxA target proteins in different photosynthetic organisms. However, the precise function of this essential protein in vivo is still poorly known. In this study, we generated a conditional Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 mutant strain (STXA2) using an on-off promoter that is able to survive with only 2% of the TrxA level of the wild-type (WT) strain. STXA2 characterization revealed that TrxA depletion results in growth arrest and pronounced impairment of photosynthesis and the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle. Analysis of the in vivo redox state of the bifunctional enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase showed higher levels of oxidation that affected enzyme activity in STXA2. This result implies that TrxA-mediated redox regulation of the CBB cycle is conserved in both cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, although the targets have different evolutionary origins. The STXA2 strain also accumulated more reactive oxygen species and was more sensitive to oxidative stress than the WT. Analysis of the in vivo redox state of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin revealed full oxidation, corresponding with TrxA depletion. Overall, these results indicate that depletion of TrxA in STXA2 greatly alters the cellular redox state, interfering with essential processes such as photosynthetic machinery operativity, carbon assimilation, and oxidative stress response. The TrxA regulatory role appears to be conserved along the evolution of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Mallén-Ponce
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María José Huertas
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana María Sánchez-Riego
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco J Florencio
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Rai R, Singh S, Rai KK, Raj A, Sriwastaw S, Rai LC. Regulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in cyanobacteria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:353-372. [PMID: 34700048 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is common consequence of abiotic stress in plants as well as cyanobacteria caused by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an inevitable product of respiration and photosynthetic electron transport. ROS act as signalling molecule at low concentration however, when its production exceeds the endurance capacity of antioxidative defence system, the organisms suffer oxidative stress. A highly toxic metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG) is also produced in cyanobacteria in response to various abiotic stresses which consequently augment the ensuing oxidative damage. Taking recourse to the common lineage of eukaryotic plants and cyanobacteria, it would be worthwhile to explore the regulatory role of glyoxalase system and antioxidative defense mechanism in combating abiotic stress in cyanobacteria. This review provides comprehensive information on the complete glyoxalase system (GlyI, GlyII and GlyIII) in cyanobacteria. Furthermore, it elucidates the recent understanding regarding the production of ROS and MG, noteworthy link between intracellular MG and ROS and its detoxification via synchronization of antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) and glyoxalase systems using glutathione (GSH) as common co-factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Rai
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shilpi Singh
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Rai
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Alka Raj
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sonam Sriwastaw
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - L C Rai
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Medeiros DB, Aarabi F, Martinez Rivas FJ, Fernie AR. The knowns and unknowns of intracellular partitioning of carbon and nitrogen, with focus on the organic acid-mediated interplay between mitochondrion and chloroplast. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153521. [PMID: 34537467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of specialized cellular compartments in higher plants express an extraordinary degree of intracellular organization, which provides efficient mechanisms to avoid misbalancing of the metabolism. This offers the flexibility by which plants can quickly acclimate to fluctuating environmental conditions. For that, a fine temporal and spatial regulation of metabolic pathways is required and involves several players e.g. organic acids. In this review we discuss different facets of the organic acid metabolism within plant cells with special focus to those related to the interactions between organic acids compartmentalization and the partitioning of carbon and nitrogen. The connections between organic acids and CO2 assimilation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, amino acids metabolism, and redox status are highlighted. Moreover, the key enzymes and transporters as well as their function on the coordination of interorganellar metabolic exchanges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Medeiros
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Fayezeh Aarabi
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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Hu X, Zhang T, Ji K, Luo K, Wang L, Chen W. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of response of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to methyl viologen. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8377-8392. [PMID: 34668984 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11628-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of methyl viologen (MV) to organisms is mainly due to the oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species produced from cell response. This study mainly investigated the response of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to MV by combining transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Through transcriptome sequencing, we found many genes responding to MV stress, and analyzed them by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Meanwhile, many metabolites were also found by metabolomic analysis to be regulated post MV treatment. Based on the analysis results of Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the transcriptome and the differential metabolites in the metabolome, the dynamic changes of genes and metabolites involved in ten metabolic pathways in response to MV were analyzed. The results indicated that although the oxidative stress caused by MV was the strongest at 6 h, the proportion of the upregulated genes and metabolites involved in these ten metabolic pathways was the highest. Photosynthesis positively regulated the response to MV-induced oxidative stress, and the regulation of environmental information processing was inhibited by MV. Other metabolic pathways played different roles at different times and interacted with each other to respond to MV. This study comprehensively analyzed the response of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to oxidative stress caused by MV from a multi-omics perspective, with providing key data and important information for in-depth analysis of the response of organisms to MV, especially photosynthetic organisms. KEY POINTS: • Methyl viologen (MV) treatment caused regulatory changes in genes and metabolites. • Proportion of upregulated genes and metabolites was the highest at 6-h MV treatment. • Photosynthesis and environmental information processing involved in MV response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Née G, Châtel-Innocenti G, Meimoun P, Leymarie J, Montrichard F, Satour P, Bailly C, Issakidis-Bourguet E. A New Role for Plastid Thioredoxins in Seed Physiology in Relation to Hormone Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910395. [PMID: 34638735 PMCID: PMC8508614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis seeds, ROS have been shown to be enabling actors of cellular signaling pathways promoting germination, but their accumulation under stress conditions or during aging leads to a decrease in the ability to germinate. Previous biochemical work revealed that a specific class of plastid thioredoxins (Trxs), the y-type Trxs, can fulfill antioxidant functions. Among the ten plastidial Trx isoforms identified in Arabidopsis, Trx y1 mRNA is the most abundant in dry seeds. We hypothesized that Trx y1 and Trx y2 would play an important role in seed physiology as antioxidants. Using reverse genetics, we found important changes in the corresponding Arabidopsis mutant seeds. They display remarkable traits such as increased longevity and higher and faster germination in conditions of reduced water availability or oxidative stress. These phenotypes suggest that Trxs y do not play an antioxidant role in seeds, as further evidenced by no changes in global ROS contents and protein redox status found in the corresponding mutant seeds. Instead, we provide evidence that marker genes of ABA and GAs pathways are perturbed in mutant seeds, together with their sensitivity to specific hormone inhibitors. Altogether, our results suggest that Trxs y function in Arabidopsis seeds is not linked to their previously identified antioxidant roles and reveal a new role for plastid Trxs linked to hormone regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Née
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gilles Châtel-Innocenti
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Patrice Meimoun
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Juliette Leymarie
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Montrichard
- IRHS-UMR1345, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Université d'Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Pascale Satour
- IRHS-UMR1345, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Université d'Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Christophe Bailly
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Issakidis-Bourguet
- CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
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Ojeda V, Jiménez-López J, Romero-Campero FJ, Cejudo FJ, Pérez-Ruiz JM. A chloroplast redox relay adapts plastid metabolism to light and affects cytosolic protein quality control. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:88-102. [PMID: 34618130 PMCID: PMC8418392 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In chloroplasts, thiol-dependent redox regulation is linked to light since the disulfide reductase activity of thioredoxins (Trxs) relies on photo-reduced ferredoxin (Fdx). Furthermore, chloroplasts harbor an NADPH-dependent Trx reductase (NTR) with a joint Trx domain, termed NTRC. The activity of these two redox systems is integrated by the redox balance of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (Prx), which is controlled by NTRC. However, NTRC was proposed to participate in redox regulation of additional targets, prompting inquiry into whether the function of NTRC depends on its capacity to maintain the redox balance of 2-Cys Prxs or by direct redox interaction with chloroplast enzymes. To answer this, we studied the functional relationship of NTRC and 2-Cys Prxs by a comparative analysis of the triple Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant, ntrc-2cpab, which lacks NTRC and 2-Cys Prxs, and the double mutant 2cpab, which lacks 2-Cys Prxs. These mutants exhibit almost indistinguishable phenotypes: in growth rate, photosynthesis performance, and redox regulation of chloroplast enzymes in response to light and darkness. These results suggest that the most relevant function of NTRC is in controlling the redox balance of 2-Cys Prxs. A comparative transcriptomics analysis confirmed the phenotypic similarity of the two mutants and suggested that the NTRC-2-Cys Prxs system participates in cytosolic protein quality control. We propose that NTRC and 2-Cys Prxs constitute a redox relay, exclusive to photosynthetic organisms that fine-tunes the redox state of chloroplast enzymes in response to light and affects transduction pathways towards the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valle Ojeda
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julia Jiménez-López
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco José Romero-Campero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cejudo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez-Ruiz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
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Yadav A, Maertens L, Meese T, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Mysara M, Leys N, Cuypers A, Janssen PJ. Genetic Responses of Metabolically Active Limnospira indica Strain PCC 8005 Exposed to γ-Radiation during Its Lifecycle. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081626. [PMID: 34442705 PMCID: PMC8400943 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two morphotypes of the cyanobacterial Limnospira indica (formerly Arthrospira sp.) strain PCC 8005, denoted as P2 (straight trichomes) and P6 (helical trichomes), were subjected to chronic gamma radiation from spent nuclear fuel (SNF) rods at a dose rate of ca. 80 Gy·h-1 for one mass doubling period (approximately 3 days) under continuous light with photoautotrophic metabolism fully active. Samples were taken for post-irradiation growth recovery and RNA-Seq transcriptional analysis at time intervals of 15, 40, and 71.5 h corresponding to cumulative doses of ca. 1450, 3200, and 5700 Gy, respectively. Both morphotypes, which were previously reported by us to display different antioxidant capacities and differ at the genomic level in 168 SNPs, 48 indels and 4 large insertions, recovered equally well from 1450 and 3200 Gy. However, while the P2 straight type recovered from 5700 Gy by regaining normal growth within 6 days, the P6 helical type took about 13 days to recover from this dose, indicating differences in their radiation tolerance and response. To investigate these differences, P2 and P6 cells exposed to the intermediate dose of gamma radiation (3200 Gy) were analyzed for differential gene expression by RNA-Seq analysis. Prior to batch normalization, a total of 1553 genes (887 and 666 of P2 and P6, respectively, with 352 genes in common) were selected based on a two-fold change in expression and a false discovery rate FDR smaller or equal to 0.05. About 85% of these 1553 genes encoded products of yet unknown function. Of the 229 remaining genes, 171 had a defined function while 58 genes were transcribed into non-coding RNA including 21 tRNAs (all downregulated). Batch normalization resulted in 660 differentially expressed genes with 98 having a function and 32 encoding RNA. From PCC 8005-P2 and PCC 8005-P6 expression patterns, it emerges that although the cellular routes used by the two substrains to cope with ionizing radiation do overlap to a large extent, both strains displayed a distinct preference of priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Yadav
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCKCEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (A.Y.); (L.M.); (M.M.); (N.L.)
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
| | - Laurens Maertens
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCKCEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (A.Y.); (L.M.); (M.M.); (N.L.)
- Research Unit in Biology of Microorganisms (URBM), Narilis Institute, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Tim Meese
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.M.); (F.V.N.)
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.M.); (F.V.N.)
| | - Mohamed Mysara
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCKCEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (A.Y.); (L.M.); (M.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Natalie Leys
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCKCEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (A.Y.); (L.M.); (M.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
| | - Paul Jaak Janssen
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCKCEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (A.Y.); (L.M.); (M.M.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-14-332-129
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Müller-Schüssele SJ, Bohle F, Rossi J, Trost P, Meyer AJ, Zaffagnini M. Plasticity in plastid redox networks: evolution of glutathione-dependent redox cascades and glutathionylation sites. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:322. [PMID: 34225654 PMCID: PMC8256493 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flexibility of plant metabolism is supported by redox regulation of enzymes via posttranslational modification of cysteine residues, especially in plastids. Here, the redox states of cysteine residues are partly coupled to the thioredoxin system and partly to the glutathione pool for reduction. Moreover, several plastid enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and damage repair draw electrons from glutathione. In addition, cysteine residues can be post-translationally modified by forming a mixed disulfide with glutathione (S-glutathionylation), which protects thiol groups from further oxidation and can influence protein activity. However, the evolution of the plastid glutathione-dependent redox network in land plants and the conservation of cysteine residues undergoing S-glutathionylation is largely unclear. RESULTS We analysed the genomes of nine representative model species from streptophyte algae to angiosperms and found that the antioxidant enzymes and redox proteins belonging to the plastid glutathione-dependent redox network are largely conserved, except for lambda- and the closely related iota-glutathione S-transferases. Focussing on glutathione-dependent redox modifications, we screened the literature for target thiols of S-glutathionylation, and found that 151 plastid proteins have been identified as glutathionylation targets, while the exact cysteine residue is only known for 17% (26 proteins), with one or multiple sites per protein, resulting in 37 known S-glutathionylation sites for plastids. However, 38% (14) of the known sites were completely conserved in model species from green algae to flowering plants, with 22% (8) on non-catalytic cysteines. Variable conservation of the remaining sites indicates independent gains and losses of cysteines at the same position during land plant evolution. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the glutathione-dependent redox network in plastids is highly conserved in streptophytes with some variability in scavenging and damage repair enzymes. Our analysis of cysteine conservation suggests that S-glutathionylation in plastids plays an important and yet under-investigated role in redox regulation and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie J Müller-Schüssele
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113, Bonn, Germany.
- Present Address: Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Finja Bohle
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacopo Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Cejudo FJ, González MC, Pérez-Ruiz JM. Redox regulation of chloroplast metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:9-21. [PMID: 33793865 PMCID: PMC8154093 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of enzyme activity based on thiol-disulfide exchange is a regulatory mechanism in which the protein disulfide reductase activity of thioredoxins (TRXs) plays a central role. Plant chloroplasts are equipped with a complex set of up to 20 TRXs and TRX-like proteins, the activity of which is supported by reducing power provided by photosynthetically reduced ferredoxin (FDX) with the participation of a FDX-dependent TRX reductase (FTR). Therefore, the FDX-FTR-TRXs pathway allows the regulation of redox-sensitive chloroplast enzymes in response to light. In addition, chloroplasts contain an NADPH-dependent redox system, termed NTRC, which allows the use of NADPH in the redox network of these organelles. Genetic approaches using mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in combination with biochemical and physiological studies have shown that both redox systems, NTRC and FDX-FTR-TRXs, participate in fine-tuning chloroplast performance in response to changes in light intensity. Moreover, these studies revealed the participation of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (2-Cys PRX), a thiol-dependent peroxidase, in the control of the reducing activity of chloroplast TRXs as well as in the rapid oxidation of stromal enzymes upon darkness. In this review, we provide an update on recent findings regarding the redox regulatory network of plant chloroplasts, focusing on the functional relationship of 2-Cys PRXs with NTRC and the FDX-FTR-TRXs redox systems for fine-tuning chloroplast performance in response to changes in light intensity and darkness. Finally, we consider redox regulation as an additional layer of control of the signaling function of the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Cejudo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Author for communication:
| | - María-Cruz González
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez-Ruiz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Dorigan de Matos Furlanetto AL, Kaziuk FD, Martinez GR, Donatti L, Merlin Rocha ME, Dos Santos ALW, Floh EIS, Cadena SMSC. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and enzymatic antioxidant defense differ in Paraná pine cell lines with contrasting embryogenic potential. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:255-266. [PMID: 33961525 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1921172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Araucaria angustifolia is classified as a critically endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This threat is worsened by the inefficiency of methods for ex-situ conservation and propagation. In conifers, somatic embryogenesis (SE) associated with cryopreservation is an efficient method to achieve germplasm conservation and mass clonal propagation. However, the efficiency of SE is highly dependent on genotype responsivity to the artificial stimulus used in vitro during cell line proliferation and later during somatic embryo development. In this study, we evaluated the activity of antioxidant enzymes and characterized mitochondrial functions during the proliferation of embryogenic cells of A. angustifolia responsive (SE1) and non-responsive (SE6) to the development of somatic embryos. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes GR (EC 1.6.4.2), MDHAR (EC 1.6.5.4), and POX (EC 1.11.1.7) were increased in SE1 culture, while in SE6 culture, only the activity of DHAR (EC 1.8.5.1) was significantly higher. Additionally, SE6 culture presented a higher number of mitochondria, which agreed with the increased rate of oxygen consumption compared to responsive SE1 culture; however, the mitochondrial volume was lower. Although the ATP levels did not differ, the NAD(P)H levels were higher in SE1 cells. NDs, AOX, and UCP were less active in responsive SE1 than in non-responsive cells. Our results show significant differences between SE1 and SE6 embryogenic cells regarding mitochondrial functions and antioxidant enzyme activities, which may be intrinsic to the in vitro proliferation phase of both cell lines, possessing a crucial role for the induction of in vitro maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Diego Kaziuk
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Regina Martinez
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lucelia Donatti
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eny Iochevet Segal Floh
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sun S, Hu C, Qi X, Chen J, Zhong Y, Muhammad A, Lin M, Fang J. The AaCBF4-AaBAM3.1 module enhances freezing tolerance of kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:97. [PMID: 33931620 PMCID: PMC8087828 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Beta-amylase (BAM) plays an important role in plant resistance to cold stress. However, the specific role of the BAM gene in freezing tolerance is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that a cold-responsive gene module was involved in the freezing tolerance of kiwifruit. In this module, the expression of AaBAM3.1, which encodes a functional protein, was induced by cold stress. AaBAM3.1-overexpressing kiwifruit lines showed increased freezing tolerance, and the heterologous overexpression of AaBAM3.1 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in a similar phenotype. The results of promoter GUS activity and cis-element analyses predicted AaCBF4 to be an upstream transcription factor that could regulate AaBAM3.1 expression. Further investigation of protein-DNA interactions by using yeast one-hybrid, GUS coexpression, and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that AaCBF4 directly regulated AaBAM3.1 expression. In addition, the expression of both AaBAM3.1 and AaCBF4 in kiwifruit responded positively to cold stress. Hence, we conclude that the AaCBF-AaBAM module is involved in the positive regulation of the freezing tolerance of kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chungen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiujuan Qi
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Jinyong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Abid Muhammad
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Miaomiao Lin
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
| | - Jinbao Fang
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
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48
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Bashyal BM, Parmar P, Zaidi NW, Aggarwal R. Molecular Programming of Drought-Challenged Trichoderma harzianum-Bioprimed Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:655165. [PMID: 33927706 PMCID: PMC8076752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.655165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma biopriming enhances rice growth in drought-stressed soils by triggering various plant metabolic pathways related to antioxidative defense, secondary metabolites, and hormonal upregulation. In the present study, transcriptomic analysis of rice cultivar IR64 bioprimed with Trichoderma harzianum under drought stress was carried out in comparison with drought-stressed samples using next-generation sequencing techniques. Out of the 2,506 significant (p < 0.05) differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 337 (15%) were exclusively expressed in drought-stressed plants, 382 (15%) were expressed in T. harzianum-treated drought-stressed plants, and 1,787 (70%) were commonly expressed. Furthermore, comparative analysis of upregulated and downregulated genes under stressed conditions showed that 1,053 genes (42%) were upregulated and 733 genes (29%) were downregulated in T. harzianum-treated drought-stressed rice plants. The genes exclusively expressed in T. harzianum-treated drought-stressed plants were mostly photosynthetic and antioxidative such as plastocyanin, small chain of Rubisco, PSI subunit Q, PSII subunit PSBY, osmoproteins, proline-rich protein, aquaporins, stress-enhanced proteins, and chaperonins. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis states that the most enriched pathways were metabolic (38%) followed by pathways involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites (25%), carbon metabolism (6%), phenyl propanoid (7%), and glutathione metabolism (3%). Some of the genes were selected for validation using real-time PCR which showed consistent expression as RNA-Seq data. Furthermore, to establish host-T. harzianum interaction, transcriptome analysis of Trichoderma was also carried out. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of T. harzianum transcriptome suggested that the annotated genes are functionally related to carbohydrate binding module, glycoside hydrolase, GMC oxidoreductase, and trehalase and were mainly upregulated, playing an important role in establishing the mycelia colonization of rice roots and its growth. Overall, it can be concluded that T. harzianum biopriming delays drought stress in rice cultivars by a multitude of molecular programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Maya Bashyal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Parmar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rashmi Aggarwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
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49
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Kamireddy K, Sonbarse PP, Mishra SK, Agrawal L, Chauhan PS, Lata C, Parvatam G. Proteomic approach to identify the differentially abundant proteins during flavour development in tuberous roots of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:173. [PMID: 33927964 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Hydroxy-4-Methoxy Benzaldehyde (2H4MB) is a structural isomer of vanillin produced in the tuberous roots of D. hamiltonii. Both vanillin and 2H4MB share the common phenylpropanoid pathway for their synthesis. Unlike vanillin, in which the biosynthetic pathway was well elucidated in V. planifolia, the 2H4MB biosynthetic pathway is not known in any of its plant sources. To find the key enzymes/proteins that promote 2H4MB biosynthesis, a comparative proteomic approach was adapted. In this case, two developmental stages of tuberous roots of D. hamiltonii were selected, where the flavour content was highly variable. The flavour content in the two stages was estimated using quantitative HPLC. The flavour content in the first and second stages of tuber development was 160 and 510 µgg-1, respectively. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was performed for these two stages of tubers; this was followed by PDquest analysis. A total of 180 protein spots were differentially abundant of which 57 spots were selected and subjected to MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis. The largest percentage of identified proteins was involved in stress and defence (27.9%), followed by proteins related to bioenergy and metabolism (23.2%), Cellular homeostasis proteins (18.6%), signaling proteins (11.6%), Plant growth and development proteins (9.3%). Holistically, we found the upregulation of methyltransferase, cell division responsive proteins, plant growth and development proteins which directly relate to flavour development and maturation. Similarly, stress-responsive and signaling proteins, vacuole proteins and ATPases were down-regulated with an increase in flavour content. In this study, we could not identify the specific 2H4MB metabolic pathway proteins, however, we could be able to study the changes in physiological and primary metabolic proteins with 2H4MB accumulation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02714-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kamireddy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka India
| | - Priyanka Purushottam Sonbarse
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka India
| | - Shashank K Mishra
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Lalit Agrawal
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Puneet S Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Charu Lata
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Giridhar Parvatam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka India
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50
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Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zhang J. Mechanisms for the stimulatory effects of a five-component mixture of antibiotics in Microcystis aeruginosa at transcriptomic and proteomic levels. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124722. [PMID: 33296757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic contaminants could promote the formation of harmful cyanobacterial blooms through hormetic stimulation, but the mechanisms underlying these stimulatory effects remain unclear. This study investigated the biochemical, transcriptomic, and proteomic responses of a dominant bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, to a five-component mixture of frequently detected antibiotics at current contamination levels. The growth rate of M. aeruginosa presented a U-shaped dose-response to 50-500 ng L-1 of mixed antibiotics. Alterations in the transcriptome of M. aeruginosa suggested the excitation of both photosynthesis and carbon metabolism, increasing energy generation in response to oxidative stress induced by low-dose antibiotics, and thus contributing to the significant (p < 0.05) increase in growth rate, Fv/Fm, and cell density. Comparison between transcriptomic and proteomic responses further confirmed the action mode of the mixed antibiotics. Proteins and their corresponding genes related to ROS scavenging, photosynthesis, carbon fixation, electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and biosynthesis, showed consistent expression tendencies in response to 200 ng L-1 of mixed antibiotics, which were credible action targets of mixed antibiotics in M. aeruginosa. Mixed antibiotics stimulated microcystin synthesis by upregulating a microcystin synthetase and its encoding gene (mcyC), which could increase the hazard of M. aeruginosa in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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