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Niu Y, Wang C, Liu Y, Zhang P, Wu Y, Li M, Zhao J, Zhang X, Ma X. Pre-packaged cold-chain ready-to-eat food as a source of sporadic listeriosis in Beijing, China. J Infect 2024; 89:106254. [PMID: 39182653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using a sporadic case of listeriosis suspected to have been caused by consuming a pre-packaged cold-chain ready-to-eat (RTE) food in Beijing, China in 2021 as an exemplar, this study demonstrated the importance of thoroughly investigating the source of listeriosis up to the production point for mitigating infection risk during routine monitoring of Listeria in food facilities and national surveillance program using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). METHODS Epidemiological, laboratory, traceback, and plant investigations were used to identify the source of infection. RESULTS WGS showed the isolate from the patient was genetically indistinguishable from that of the implicated food. During a plant investigation, L. monocytogenes was detected in 26% (9/35) of the environmental samples and one of two raw material samples, confirming the source. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first investigation in China linking a case of L. monocytogenes infection to a suspected food and its production environment. This report highlights the risk of L. monocytogenes contamination of RTE food and demonstrates the role of food safety risk monitoring in identifying potential sources of infection. Reinforcing control programs in RTE processing plants, intensified surveillance of microorganisms in food products and targeted health education is required to mitigate the infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Niu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No. 16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No. 16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yuzhu Liu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No. 16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Penghang Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No. 16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yangbo Wu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No. 16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Mingying Li
- Xicheng Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No. 38 Deshengmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Fengtai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Kandan Health Science and Technology Industrial Park, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No. 16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100013, China.
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No. 16 Hepingli Middle Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100013, China.
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Toit SAD, Rip D. Exploring the genetic variability, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes from fresh produce, ready-to-eat hummus, and food-processing environments. J Food Sci 2024. [PMID: 39327637 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous in nature and persistent in food-processing facilities, farms, retail stores, and home and restaurant kitchens. Current research suggests ready-to-eat (RTE) products (including RTE hummus and fresh produce) to be of increasing interest and concern. These foods are typically stored at refrigeration temperatures suited to the survival of L. monocytogenes and are consumed without further processing. Since L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in agricultural environments, the cultivation of fresh produce predisposes it to contamination. The contamination of RTE foods originates either from raw ingredients or, more commonly, from cross-contamination within food-processing facilities. Research on the food-processing environment has been recommended to reduce the incidence of L. monocytogenes in foods. The consumption of contaminated foods by immunocompromised individuals causes invasive listeriosis, with a 20% to 30% fatality rate despite treatment. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has reduced the effectiveness of modern medicine and may increase morbidity and mortality. Without epidemiological surveillance and identifying trends in disease determinants, no action can be taken to improve food safety and mitigate the risk of such outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Anne du Toit
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Diane Rip
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Guo Y, Cao H, Di W, Gao X. Imprinted membrane-covalent organic framework platform for efficient label-free visual detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium in food samples. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1320:343002. [PMID: 39142781 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid and sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens in food plays a crucial role in controlling outbreaks of foodborne diseases, of which Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium are representative and notable pathogens. Thus, it's of great importance to achieve the effective detection of these pathogens. However, the most common detection methods (culture-based technique, Polymerase Chain Reaction and immunological methods) have disadvantages that cannot be ignored, such as time-consuming, laborious, complex sample preparation process, and the possibility of cross-reaction. Hence, it is essential to develop a facile detection method for the pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity to avoid the above-mentioned disadvantages. RESULTS We report a label-free visual platform for the simultaneous capture and detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium. For the first time, we have prepared polydimethylsiloxane-Chromotrope 2R membrane which serves as the substrate for bacterial capture and enrichment through the formation of specific recognition sites. The positively charged Pt-covalent organic framework combines with the pathogens through surface charge interaction, thereby the label-free sandwich platform is formed. Remarkable peroxidase activity of Pt-covalent organic framework converts the conversion of bacterial quantity into amplified color signal by catalyzing 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine to oxidized 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine. The platform demonstrates the capability to identify two representative food-borne pathogens within a time frame of 100 min, exhibiting high sensitivity and excellent specificity without the interference from non-target bacteria. The limit of detection of the visual platform toward Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium was 1.61 CFU mL-1 and 1.31 CFU mL-1, respectively. And the limit of quantification toward Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium was 4.94 CFU mL-1 and 2.47 CFU mL-1, respectively. The relative standard derivations of the visual platform for both bacteria were lower than 4.9 %. Furthermore, our proposed platform has obtained reliable and satisfactory results on analyzing diverse food samples. SIGNIFICANCE This research expands the application of a label-free platform combined with unlabeled nanocomponents in the rapid isolation and detection of diverse of food-borne pathogens. The platform possesses the advantages of simple operation and real-time monitoring, without complicated sample pretreatment process. The whole detection process can realize the simultaneous monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium within 100 min. Furthermore, it is also of reference significance for the detection of other common pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Hongqian Cao
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Wenli Di
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xibao Gao
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Wei J, Zhang X, Ismael M, Zhong Q. Anti-Biofilm Effects of Z102-E of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum against Listeria monocytogenes and the Mechanism Revealed by Transcriptomic Analysis. Foods 2024; 13:2495. [PMID: 39200422 PMCID: PMC11354177 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the most common probiotics, and they present excellent inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to explore the anti-biofilm potential of the purified active substance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, named Z102-E. The effects of Z102-E on Listeria monocytogenes were investigated in detail, and a transcriptomic analysis was conducted to reveal the anti-biofilm mechanism. The results indicated that the sub-MIC of Z102-E (3.2, 1.6, and 0.8 mg/mL) decreased the bacterial growth and effectively reduced the self-aggregation, surface hydrophobicity, sugar utilization, motility, biofilm formation, AI-2 signal molecule, contents of extracellular polysaccharides, and extracellular protein of L. monocytogenes. Moreover, the inverted fluorescence microscopy observation confirmed the anti-biofilm effect of Z102-E. The transcriptomic analysis indicated that 117 genes were up-regulated and 214 were down-regulated. Z102-E regulated the expressions of genes related to L. monocytogenes quorum sensing, biofilm formation, etc. These findings suggested that Z102-E has great application potential as a natural bacteriostatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qingping Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.W.); (X.Z.); (M.I.)
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Lambrechts K, Gouws P, Rip D. Genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes from seafood products, its processing environment, and clinical origin in the Western Cape, South Africa using whole genome sequencing. AIMS Microbiol 2024; 10:608-643. [PMID: 39219753 PMCID: PMC11362271 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2024029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a concern in seafood and its food processing environment (FPE). Several outbreaks globally have been linked to various types of seafood. Genetic profiling of L. monocytogenes is valuable to track bacterial contamination throughout the FPE and in understanding persistence mechanisms, with limited studies from South Africa. Forty-six L. monocytogenes isolates from origins: Fish/seafood products (n = 32) (salmon, smoked trout, fresh hake, oysters), the FPE (n = 6), and clinical (n = 8) were included in this study. Lineage typing, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and screening for two genes (bcrABC and emrC) conferring sanitizer tolerance was conducted. The seafood and FPE isolates originated from seven different factories processing various seafood products with undetermined origin. All clinical isolates were categorized as lineage I, and seafood and FPE isolates were mostly categorized into lineage II (p < 0.01). Seafood and FPE isolates (53%) carried the bcrABC gene cassette and one fish isolate, the emrC gene. A subset, n = 24, was grouped into serotypes, sequence types (STs), and clonal complexes (CCs) with whole genome sequencing (WGS). Eight CCs and ten STs were identified. All clinical isolates belonged to serogroup 4b, hypervirulent CC1. CC121 was the most prevalent in isolates from food and the FPE. All isolates carried Listeria pathogenicity islands (LIPI) 1 and 2. LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 were found in certain isolates. We identified genetic determinants linked to enhanced survival in the FPE, including stress survival islets (SSI) and genes conferring tolerance to sanitizers. SSI-1 was found in 44% isolates from seafood and the FPE. SSI-2 was found in all the ST121 seafood isolates. Isolates (42%) harbored transposon Tn1688_qac (ermC), conferring tolerance to quaternary ammonium compounds. Five plasmids were identified in 13 isolates from seafood and the FPE. This is the first One Health study reporting on L. monocytogenes genetic diversity, virulence and resistance profiles from various types of seafood and its FPE in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diane Rip
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, 7602, South Africa
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6
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Manqele A, Adesiyun A, Mafuna T, Pierneef R, Moerane R, Gcebe N. Virulence Potential and Antimicrobial Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Obtained from Beef and Beef-Based Products Deciphered Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1166. [PMID: 38930548 PMCID: PMC11205329 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous bacterial pathogen that threatens the food chain and human health. In this study, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used for the genomic characterization of L. monocytogenes (n = 24) from beef and beef-based products. Multilocus Sequence Type (MLST) analysis revealed that ST204 of CC204 was the most common sequence type (ST). Other sequence types detected included ST1 and ST876 of CC1, ST5 of CC5, ST9 of CC9, ST88 of CC88, ST2 and ST1430 of CC2, and ST321 of CC321. Genes encoding for virulence factors included complete LIPI-1 (pfrA-hly-plcA-plcB-mpl-actA) from 54% (13/24) of the isolates of ST204, ST321, ST1430, and ST9 and internalin genes inlABC that were present in all the STs. All the L. monocytogenes STs carried four intrinsic/natural resistance genes, fosX, lin, norB, and mprF, conferring resistance to fosfomycin, lincosamide, quinolones, and cationic peptides, respectively. Plasmids pLGUG1 and J1776 were the most detected (54% each), followed by pLI100 (13%) and pLM5578 (7%). The prophage profile, vB_LmoS_188, was overrepresented amongst the isolates, followed by LP_101, LmoS_293_028989, LP_030_2_021539, A006, and LP_HM00113468. Listeria genomic island 2 (LGI-2) was found to be present in all the isolates, while Listeria genomic island 3 (LGI-3) was present in a subset of isolates (25%). The type VII secretion system was found in 42% of the isolates, and sortase A was present in all L. monocytogenes genomes. Mobile genetic elements and genomic islands did not harbor any virulence, resistance, or environmental adaptation genes that may benefit L. monocytogenes. All the STs did not carry genes that confer resistance to first-line antibiotics used for the treatment of listeriosis. The characterization of L. monocytogenes in our study highlighted the environmental resistance and virulence potential of L. monocytogenes and the risk posed to the public, as this bacterium is frequently found in food and food processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanda Manqele
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Abiodun Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Thendo Mafuna
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 20062028, South Africa
| | - Rian Pierneef
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- SARChI Chair: Marine Microbiomics, microbiome@UP, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Rebone Moerane
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
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Gana J, Gcebe N, Pierneef RE, Chen Y, Moerane R, Adesiyun AA. Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Obtained from the Beef Production Chain in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1003. [PMID: 38792832 PMCID: PMC11123765 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The study used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics analysis for the genomic characterization of 60 isolates of Listeria monocytogenes obtained from the beef production chain (cattle farms, abattoirs, and retail outlets) in Gauteng province, South Africa. The sequence types (STs), clonal complexes (CCs), and the lineages of the isolates were determined using in silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST). We used BLAST-based analyses to identify virulence and antimicrobial genes, plasmids, proviruses/prophages, and the CRISPR-Cas system. The study investigated any association of the detected genes to the origin in the beef production chain of the L. monocytogenes isolates. Overall, in 60 isolates of Listeria monocytogenes, there were seven STs, six CCs, forty-four putative virulence factors, two resistance genes, one plasmid with AMR genes, and three with conjugative genes, one CRISPR gene, and all 60 isolates were positive for proviruses/prophages. Among the seven STs detected, ST204 (46.7%) and ST2 (21.7%) were the most prominent, with ST frequency varying significantly (p < 0.001). The predominant CC detected were CC2 (21.7%) and CC204 (46.7%) in lineages I and II, respectively. Of the 44 virulence factors detected, 26 (across Listeria Pathogenicity Islands, LIPIs) were present in all the isolates. The difference in the detection frequency varied significantly (p < 0.001). The two AMR genes (fosX and vga(G)) detected were present in all 60 (100%) isolates of L. monocytogenes. The only plasmid, NF033156, was present in three (5%) isolates. A CRISPR-Cas system was detected in six (10%), and all the isolates carried proviruses/prophages. The source and sample type significantly affected the frequencies of STs and virulence factors in the isolates of L. monocytogenes. The presence of fosX and vga(G) genes in all L. monocytogenes isolates obtained from the three industries of the beef production chain can potentially cause therapeutic implications. Our study, which characterized L. monocytogenes recovered from the three levels in the beef production chain, is the first time genomics was performed on this type of data set in the country, and this provides insights into the health implications of Listeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gana
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (J.G.); (R.M.)
- Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education, Kontagora 923101, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Bacteriology Department, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Rian Edward Pierneef
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Microbiome@UP, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Dr. Room 4E-007/Mailstop HFS-710, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Rebone Moerane
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (J.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Abiodun Adewale Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (J.G.); (R.M.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and Tobago
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Lagarde J, Feurer C, Denis M, Douarre PE, Piveteau P, Roussel S. Listeria monocytogenes prevalence and genomic diversity along the pig and pork production chain. Food Microbiol 2024; 119:104430. [PMID: 38225039 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe invasive illness. This ubiquitous species is widely distributed in the environment, but infection occurs almost exclusively through ingestion of contaminated food. The pork production sector has been heavily affected by a series of L. monocytogenes-related foodborne outbreaks in the past around the world. Ready-to-eat (RTE) pork products represent one of the main food sources for strong-evidence listeriosis outbreaks. This pathogen is known to be present throughout the entire pig and pork production chain. Some studies hypothesized that the main source of contamination in final pork products was either living pigs or the food-processing environment. A detailed genomic picture of L. monocytogenes can provide a renewed understanding of the routes of contamination from pig farms to the final products. This review provides an overview of the prevalence, the genomic diversity and the genetic background linked to virulence of L. monocytogenes along the entire pig and pork production chain, from farm to fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lagarde
- ANSES, Salmonella and Listeria Unit (USEL), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France; INRAE, Unit of Process Optimisation in Food, Agriculture and the Environment (UR OPAALE), 17 avenue de Cucillé, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Carole Feurer
- IFIP, The French Pig and Pork Institute, Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, La Motte au Vicomte, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Martine Denis
- ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (UHQPAP), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, 31 rue des fusillés, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Douarre
- ANSES, Salmonella and Listeria Unit (USEL), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pascal Piveteau
- INRAE, Unit of Process Optimisation in Food, Agriculture and the Environment (UR OPAALE), 17 avenue de Cucillé, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Roussel
- ANSES, Salmonella and Listeria Unit (USEL), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Ngema SS, Madoroba E. A Mini-Review of Anti-Listerial Compounds from Marine Actinobacteria (1990-2023). Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:362. [PMID: 38667038 PMCID: PMC11047329 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the foodborne illnesses, listeriosis has the third highest case mortality rate (20-30% or higher). Emerging drug-resistant strains of Listeria monocytogenes, a causative bacterium of listeriosis, exacerbate the seriousness of this public health concern. Novel anti-Listerial compounds are therefore needed to combat this challenge. In recent years, marine actinobacteria have come to be regarded as a promising source of novel antimicrobials. Hence, our aim was to provide a narrative of the available literature and discuss trends regarding bioprospecting marine actinobacteria for new anti-Listerial compounds. Four databases were searched for the review: Academic Search Ultimate, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and South African Thesis and Dissertations. The search was restricted to peer-reviewed full-text manuscripts that discussed marine actinobacteria as a source of antimicrobials and were written in English from 1990 to December 2023. In total, for the past three decades (1990-December 2023), only 23 compounds from marine actinobacteria have been tested for their anti-Listerial potential. Out of the 23 reported compounds, only 2-allyoxyphenol, adipostatins E-G, 4-bromophenol, and ansamycins (seco-geldanamycin B, 4.5-dihydro-17-O-demethylgeldanamycin, and seco-geldanamycin) have been found to possess anti-Listerial activity. Thus, our literature survey reveals the scarcity of published assays testing the anti-Listerial capacity of bioactive compounds sourced from marine actinobacteria during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyn Madoroba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa;
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Gana J, Gcebe N, Moerane R, Ngoshe YB, Moabelo K, Adesiyun AA. Detection of Pathogenic Serogroups and Virulence Genes in Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Beef and Beef Products Retailed in Gauteng Province, South Africa, Using Phenotypic and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Based Methods. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:8891963. [PMID: 38510936 PMCID: PMC10954364 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8891963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
South Africa recently (2017-18) experienced the largest outbreak of human listeriosis in the world caused by L. monocytogenes following the consumption of "polony," a ready-to-eat meat product. Most (59%) cases originated from Gauteng province, South Africa. As a follow-up study to the outbreak, we used standard bacteriological and molecular methods to determine the prevalence of pathogenic and virulent serogroups of L. monocytogenes in various beef and beef products retailed in Gauteng province, South Africa. The overall prevalence of Listeria spp. was 28% (112/400), comprising Listeria monocytogenes (9.3%), Listeria innocua (16.3%), and Listeria welshimeri (2.5%) (p < 0.001). It is crucial to have detected that the region (p=0.036), type of product (p=0.032), and temperature at storage (p=0.011) significantly affected the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in beef products. It is alarming that pathogenic serogroups 4b-4d-4e (51.4%) and 1/2a-3a (43.2%) were detected among the isolates of L. monocytogenes. Importantly, they were all carriers of seven virulence-associated genes (hlyA, inlB, plcA, iap, inlA, inlC, and inlJ). Our study also demonstrated that 16.7% of "polony" samples investigated were contaminated with L. monocytogenes. Considering that pathogenic and virulent L. monocytogenes contaminated beef and beef products retailed in South Africa, the food safety risk posed to consumers remains and cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is imperative to reduce the contamination of these products with L. monocytogenes during beef production, processing, and retailing to avoid future outbreaks of human listeriosis in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gana
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocational Education, Federal College of Education, P.M.B. 39, Kontagora, Niger, Nigeria
| | - Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Bacteriology Department, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rebone Moerane
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Yusuf B. Ngoshe
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Khomotso Moabelo
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Abiodun A. Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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11
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Wang Y, Meng F, Deng X, Yang Y, Li S, Jiao X, Li S, Liu M. Genomic epidemiology of hypervirulent Listeria monocytogenes CC619: Population structure, phylodynamics and virulence. Microbiol Res 2024; 280:127591. [PMID: 38181481 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen causing human and animal listeriosis with high mortality. Neurological and maternal-neonatal listeriosis outbreaks in Europe and the United States were frequently associated with clonal complexes CC1, CC2 and CC6 harboring Listeria Pathogenicity Island-1 (LIPI-1), as well as CC4 carrying both LIPI-1 and LIPI-4. However, human listeriosis in China was predominantly linked to CC87 and CC619 from serotype 1/2b. To understand the genetic evolution and distribution patterns of CC619, we characterized the epidemic history, population structure, and transmission feature of CC619 strains through analysis of 49,421 L. monocytogenes genomes globally. We found that CC619 was uniquely distributed in China, and closely related with perinatal infection. As CC619 strains were being mainly isolated from livestock and poultry products, we hypothesized that pigs and live chicken were the reservoirs of CC619. Importantly, all CC619 strains not only harbored the intact LIPI-1 and LIPI-4, but these also carried LIPI-3 that could facilitate host colonization and invasion. The deficiency of LIPI-3 or LIPI-4 markedly decreased L. monocytogenes colonization capacity in a model of intragastric infection in the mouse. Altogether, our findings suggest that the hypervirulent CC619 harboring three pathogenicity islands LIPI-1, LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 is a putatively persistent population in various foods, environment, and human population, warranting the further research for deciphering its pathogenicity and strengthening epidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fanzeng Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xia Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuheng Yang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin'an Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shaoting Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Liu X, Xia X, Liu Y, Li Z, Shi T, Zhang H, Dong Q. Recent advances on the formation, detection, resistance mechanism, and control technology of Listeria monocytogenes biofilm in food industry. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114067. [PMID: 38395584 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis, a severe and fatal condition. Biofilms are communities of microorganisms nested within a self-secreted extracellular polymeric substance, and they protect L. monocytogenes from environmental stresses. Biofilms, once formed, can lead to the persistence of L. monocytogenes in processing equipment and are therefore considered to be a major concern for the food industry. This paper briefly introduces the recent advancements on biofilm formation characteristics and detection methods, and focuses on analysis of the mechanism of L. monocytogenes biofilm resistance; Moreover, this paper also summarizes and discusses the existing different techniques of L. monocytogenes biofilm control according to the physical, chemical, biological, and combined strategies, to provide a theoretical reference to aid the choice of effective control technology in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Xuejuan Xia
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Yangtai Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Zhuosi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Tianqi Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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13
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Tricoli MR, Massaro C, Arrigo I, Diquattro O, Di Bernardo F, Galia E, Palermo M, Fasciana T, Giammanco A. Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated in Palermo (Sicily and Italy) during the Years 2018-2020 from Severe Cases of Listeriosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:57. [PMID: 38247616 PMCID: PMC10812810 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM), the etiological agent of listeriosis, can cause foodborne zoonosis. In this study, we characterized 23 strains that caused human severe listeriosis in Palermo (Sicily, Italy) during the period of 2018-2020. In addition, we assessed the phenotypic susceptibility of clinical isolates to antibiotics in accordance with EUCAST guidelines. The serogroup was determined through the use of PCR, while MLST and MVLST were identified through the sequencing of housekeeping genes. Finally, susceptibility to antibiotics was assessed by means of the Phoenix automatic system. Patients hospitalized with listeriosis were predominantly males (56% vs. 44% of females). The cases not associated with pregnancy included patients >65 years of age (60%), two of whom were affected by cancer, while cases associated with pregnancy included two pregnant women and three preterm infants. The data collected showed that the main pathologies shown by patients were meningitis (60.9%) and bacteremia (39.1%). The LM strains were isolated from the blood (52%), cerebrospinal fluid (26%), cerebrospinal fluid + blood (13%), blood + a nasal swab (4%), and ascitic fluid (4%). The predominant serogroup was IVb (96%), whereas only one strain belonged to serogroup IIa (4%). Among the strains with serotypes 4b, 4d, and 4e, ST2/VT21 (92%) and ST6/VT19 (4%) were determined, while only isolates with serotypes 1/2a and3a show ST155/VT45 (CC155). This study reveals the widespread circulation of a clinical strain (ST2/VT21) associated with suspected food contamination, demonstrating the importance of carrying out molecular epidemiological surveillance. Our clinical isolates were susceptible to the beta-lactams assayed, in agreement with the literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Tricoli
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy (A.G.)
| | - Chiara Massaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy (A.G.)
| | - Ignazio Arrigo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy (A.G.)
| | - Orazia Diquattro
- Laboratory of Microbiology, A. O. Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesca Di Bernardo
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Elena Galia
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy (A.G.)
| | - Mario Palermo
- Sicilian Health Department, Public Health and Environmental Risks Service, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Teresa Fasciana
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy (A.G.)
| | - Anna Giammanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy (A.G.)
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14
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Nonno R, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Fox E, Gosling R(B, Gil BM, Møretrø T, Stessl B, da Silva Felício MT, Messens W, Simon AC, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A. Persistence of microbiological hazards in food and feed production and processing environments. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8521. [PMID: 38250499 PMCID: PMC10797485 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (in the meat, fish and seafood, dairy and fruit and vegetable sectors), Salmonella enterica (in the feed, meat, egg and low moisture food sectors) and Cronobacter sakazakii (in the low moisture food sector) were identified as the bacterial food safety hazards most relevant to public health that are associated with persistence in the food and feed processing environment (FFPE). There is a wide range of subtypes of these hazards involved in persistence in the FFPE. While some specific subtypes are more commonly reported as persistent, it is currently not possible to identify universal markers (i.e. genetic determinants) for this trait. Common risk factors for persistence in the FFPE are inadequate zoning and hygiene barriers; lack of hygienic design of equipment and machines; and inadequate cleaning and disinfection. A well-designed environmental sampling and testing programme is the most effective strategy to identify contamination sources and detect potentially persistent hazards. The establishment of hygienic barriers and measures within the food safety management system, during implementation of hazard analysis and critical control points, is key to prevent and/or control bacterial persistence in the FFPE. Once persistence is suspected in a plant, a 'seek-and-destroy' approach is frequently recommended, including intensified monitoring, the introduction of control measures and the continuation of the intensified monitoring. Successful actions triggered by persistence of L. monocytogenes are described, as well as interventions with direct bactericidal activity. These interventions could be efficient if properly validated, correctly applied and verified under industrial conditions. Perspectives are provided for performing a risk assessment for relevant combinations of hazard and food sector to assess the relative public health risk that can be associated with persistence, based on bottom-up and top-down approaches. Knowledge gaps related to bacterial food safety hazards associated with persistence in the FFPE and priorities for future research are provided.
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15
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Tacias-Pascacio VG, Castañeda-Valbuena D, Tavano O, Murcia ÁB, Torrestina-Sánchez B, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Peptides with biological and technofunctional properties produced by bromelain hydrolysis of proteins from different sources: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127244. [PMID: 37806416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Bromelains are cysteine peptidases with endopeptidase action (a subfamily of papains), obtained from different parts of vegetable belonging to the Bromeliaceae family. They have some intrinsic medical activity, but this review is focused on their application (individually or mixed with other proteases) to produce bioactive peptides. When compared to other proteases, perhaps due to the fact that they are commercialized as an extract containing several proteases, the hydrolysates produced by this enzyme tends to have higher bioactivities than other common proteases. The peptides and the intensity of their final properties depend on the substrate protein and reaction conditions, being the degree of hydrolysis a determining parameter (but not always positive or negative). The produced peptides may have diverse activities such as antioxidant, antitumoral, antihypertensive or antimicrobial ones, among others or they may be utilized to improve the organoleptic properties of foods and feeds. Evolution of the use of this enzyme in this application is proposed to be based on a more intense direct application of Bromeliaceae extract, without the cost associated to enzyme purification, and the use of immobilized biocatalysts of the enzyme by simplifying the enzyme recovery and reuse, and also making the sequential hydrolysis using diverse proteases possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Daniel Castañeda-Valbuena
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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16
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Mejía L, Espinosa-Mata E, Freire AL, Zapata S, González-Candelas F. Listeria monocytogenes, a silent foodborne pathogen in Ecuador. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1278860. [PMID: 38179446 PMCID: PMC10764610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can produce serious, even fatal, infections. Among other foods, it can be found in unpasteurized dairy and ready-to-eat products. Surveillance of L. monocytogenes is of great interest since sources of infection are difficult to determine due to the long incubation period, and because the symptoms of listeriosis are similar to other diseases. We performed a genomic study of L. monocytogenes isolated from fresh cheeses and clinical samples from Ecuador. Sixty-five isolates were evaluated and sequenced, 14 isolates from cheese samples and 20 from clinical listeriosis cases from the National Institute of National Institute of Public Health Research, and 31 isolates from artisanal cheese samples from 8 provinces. All isolates exhibited heterogeneous patterns of the presence of pathogenicity islands. All isolates exhibited at least 4 genes from LIPI-1, but all references (26 L. monocytogenes closed genomes available in the NCBI database) showed the complete island, which encompasses 5 genes but is present in only two Ecuadorian isolates. Most isolates lacked gene actA. Genes from LIPI-2 were absent in all isolates. LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 were present in only a few references and isolates. With respect to the stress survival islets, our samples either presented SSI-1 or SSI-F2365, except for one isolate that presented SSI-F2365 and also one gene from SSI-1. None of the samples presented SSI-2. The predominant ST (sequence type) was ST2 (84.62% 55/65), and the only ST found in food (93.33% 42/45) and clinical samples (65% 13/20). Isolates were not grouped according to their sampling origin, date, or place in a phylogenetic tree obtained from the core alignment. The presence of ST2 in food and clinical samples, with high genomic similarity, suggests a foodborne infection risk linked to the consumption of fresh cheeses in Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mejía
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit “Infection and Public Health” FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estefanía Espinosa-Mata
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Lucía Freire
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Zapata
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernando González-Candelas
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit “Infection and Public Health” FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Sarr M, Alou MT, Padane A, Diouf FS, Beye M, Sokhna C, Fenollar F, Mboup S, Raoult D, Million M. A review of the literature of Listeria monocytogenes in Africa highlights breast milk as an overlooked human source. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1213953. [PMID: 38173673 PMCID: PMC10761537 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1213953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the latest WHO estimates (2015) of the global burden of foodborne diseases, Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for one of the most serious foodborne infections and commonly results in severe clinical outcomes. The 2013 French MONALISA prospective cohort identified that women born in Africa has a 3-fold increase in the risk of maternal neonatal listeriosis. One of the largest L. monocytogenes outbreaks occurred in South Africa in 2017-2018 with over 1,000 cases. Moreover, recent findings identified L. monocytogenes in human breast milk in Mali and Senegal with its relative abundance positively correlated with severe acute malnutrition. These observations suggest that the carriage of L. monocytogenes in Africa should be further explored, starting with the existing literature. For that purpose, we searched the peer-reviewed and grey literature published dating back to 1926 to date using six databases. Ultimately, 225 articles were included in this review. We highlighted that L. monocytogenes is detected in various sample types including environmental samples, food samples as well as animal and human samples. These studies were mostly conducted in five east African countries, four west African countries, four north African countries, and two Southern African countries. Moreover, only ≈ 0.2% of the Listeria monocytogenes genomes available on NCBI were obtained from African samples, contracted with its detection. The pangenome resulting from the African Listeria monocytogenes samples revealed three clusters including two from South-African strains as well as one consisting of the strains isolated from breast milk in Mali and Senegal and, a vaginal post-miscarriage sample. This suggests there was a clonal complex circulating in Mali and Senegal. As this clone has not been associated to infections, further studies should be conducted to confirm its circulation in the region and explore its association with foodborne infections. Moreover, it is apparent that more resources should be allocated to the detection of L. monocytogenes as only 15/54 countries have reported its detection in the literature. It seems paramount to map the presence and carriage of L. monocytogenes in all African countries to prevent listeriosis outbreaks and the related miscarriages and confirm its association with severe acute malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marièma Sarr
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Épidémiologique et de Formation (IRESSEF), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Maryam Tidjani Alou
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Abdou Padane
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Épidémiologique et de Formation (IRESSEF), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fatou Samba Diouf
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mamadou Beye
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Souleymane Mboup
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Épidémiologique et de Formation (IRESSEF), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Million
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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18
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Van der Merwe M, Pather S. Placental Listeriosis: Case Report and Literature Review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:584-586. [PMID: 37487564 PMCID: PMC10484256 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne, facultative, intracellular gram-positive bacillus, is one of 17 species of the Listeria genus and was responsible for the world's largest outbreak of listeriosis in 2017-2018 in South Africa. Listeria monocytogenes tends to cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy individuals. However, pregnancy-associated listeriosis can be fatal to the fetus and can lead to serious adverse effects in the neonate. Listeria monocytogenes has an affinity for the placenta, as opposed to other nonreproductive organs. Herein, we present a case of placental listeriosis diagnosed in a 33-year-old female, parity 4, with unknown gestational age during the listeriosis outbreak in South Africa in 2017-2018. The patient presented with pregnancy-related complications and underwent a caesarean section. Morphological features demonstrated acute suppurative villitis and intervillositis with a heavy load of gram-positive bacilli, which is highly suggestive of placental listeriosis. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquerit Van der Merwe
- Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sugeshnee Pather
- Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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19
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Centorotola G, Ziba MW, Cornacchia A, Chiaverini A, Torresi M, Guidi F, Cammà C, Bowa B, Mtonga S, Magambwa P, D’Alterio N, Scacchia M, Pomilio F, Muuka G. Listeria monocytogenes in ready to eat meat products from Zambia: phenotypical and genomic characterization of isolates. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1228726. [PMID: 37711697 PMCID: PMC10498467 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1228726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The contamination of ready to eat foods (RTE) products due to Listeria monocytogenes could compromise the products safety becoming a great risk for the consumers. The high presence of L. monocytogenes in RTE products has been described worldwide, but few data are available about these products from African countries. The aims of this study were to report the presence of L. monocytogenes in Zambian RTE products, providing genomic characterization and data on similarity with African circulating strains using whole genome sequencing (WGS). A total of 304 RTE products, produced by different Zambian manufacturers, were purchased at retail, from major supermarkets located in Lusaka, Zambia, comprising 130 dairy and 174 meat products. L. monocytogenes was detected only in 18 (10.3%) RTE meat products of the 174 samples tested. The MLST analysis grouped the 18 L. monocytogenes isolates in 7 clonal complexes (CCs): CC1 (n = 5), CC2 (n = 4), CC9 (n = 4), CC5 (n = 2), CC121 (n = 1), CC155 (n = 1), and CC3 (n = 1). According to the cgMLST results, several clusters were detected, in particular belonging to hyper-virulent clones CC1 and CC2. Regarding the virulence factors, a complete L. monocytogenes Pathogenicity Island 3 (LIPI-3) was present both in the CC1 and CC3, in addition to LIPI-1. Several resistance genes and mobile genetic elements were detected, including Stress Islands, the bcrABC cassette and Tn6188_qac transposon, plasmids and intact prophages. Despite being a first preliminary work with a limited number of samples and isolates, this study helped to increase existing knowledge on contaminated RTE products in Zambia, confirming the presence of hyper-virulent L. monocytogenes CCs, which could play an important role in human diseases, posing a public health concern for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Centorotola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Maureen Wakwamba Ziba
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Alessandra Cornacchia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alexandra Chiaverini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Marina Torresi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Guidi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Cesare Cammà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Benson Bowa
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Samson Mtonga
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Phelly Magambwa
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Nicola D’Alterio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimo Scacchia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Geoffrey Muuka
- Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
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Mandomando I, Mwenda JM, Nakamura T, de Gouveia L, von Gottberg A, Kwambana-Adams BA, Antonio M, Messa A, Litt D, Seaton S, Weldegebriel GG, Biey JNM, Serhan F. Evaluation of Laboratories Supporting Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable Disease (IB-VPD) Surveillance in the World Health Organization African Region, through the Performance of Coordinated External Quality Assessment. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:413. [PMID: 37624351 PMCID: PMC10459392 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8080413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Laboratories supporting the invasive bacteria preventable disease (IB-VPD) network are expected to demonstrate the capacity to identify the main etiological agents of pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM) (Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae) on Gram stains and in phenotypic identification. Individual reports of sentinel site (SSL), national (NL) and regional reference (RRL) laboratories participating in the World Health Organization (WHO)-coordinated external quality assessment, distributed by the United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment (EQA) Services (UK NEQAS) for Microbiology between 2014 and 2019 were analyzed. (2) Methods: The panels consisted of (1) unstained bacterial smears for Gram staining, (2) viable isolates for identification and serotyping/serogrouping (ST/SG) and (3) simulated cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples for species detection and ST/SG using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). SSLs and NLs tested for Gram staining and species identification (partial panel). RRLs, plus any SSLs and NLs (optionally) also analyzed the simulated CSF samples (full panel). The passing score was ≥75% for NLs and SSLs, and ≥90% for RRLs and NLs/SSLs testing the full panel. (3) Results: Overall, 63% (5/8) of the SSLs and NLs were able to correctly identify the targeted pathogens, in 2019; but there were challenges to identify Haemophilus influenzae either on Gram stains (35% of the labs failed 2014), or in culture. Individual performance showed inconsistent capacity, with only 39% (13/33) of the SSLs/NLs passing the EQA exercise throughout all surveys in which they participated. RRLs performed well over the study period, but one of the two failed to reach the minimal passing score in 2016 and 2018; while the SSLs/NLs that optionally tested the full panel scored between 75% and 90% (intermediate pass category). (4) Conclusions: We identified a need for implementing a robust quality management system for timely identification of the gaps and then implementing corrective and preventive actions, in addition to continuous refresher training in the SSLs and NLs supporting the IB-VPD surveillance in the World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa (WHO AFRO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Inacio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo P.O. Box 1929, Mozambique; (I.M.)
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Maputo P.O. Box 3943, Mozambique
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jason M. Mwenda
- World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | - Tomoka Nakamura
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Linda de Gouveia
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; (L.d.G.); (A.v.G.)
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; (L.d.G.); (A.v.G.)
| | - Brenda A. Kwambana-Adams
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul P.O. Box 273, The Gambia; (B.A.K.-A.); (M.A.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L7 8XZ, UK
| | - Martin Antonio
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul P.O. Box 273, The Gambia; (B.A.K.-A.); (M.A.)
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Centre for Epidemic Preparedness and Response, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Augusto Messa
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo P.O. Box 1929, Mozambique; (I.M.)
| | - David Litt
- Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (Formerly Public Health England), London NW9 5EQ, UK;
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Haemophilus Influenzae and Streptococcus Pneumoniae, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (Formerly Public Health England), London SW1P 3JR, UK
| | - Shila Seaton
- United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service (UK NEQAS) for Microbiology, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (Formerly Public Health England), London NW9 1GH, UK;
| | | | - Joseph Nsiari-Muzeyi Biey
- World Health Organization (WHO), Inter Country Support Team (IST), Ouagadougou 03 BP 7019, Burkina Faso;
| | - Fatima Serhan
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland;
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21
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Meza-Bone GA, Meza Bone JS, Cedeño Á, Martín I, Martín A, Maddela NR, Córdoba JJ. Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in RTE Meat Products of Quevedo (Ecuador). Foods 2023; 12:2956. [PMID: 37569226 PMCID: PMC10418838 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis and can be a problem in areas where meat products are sold at unregulated storage temperatures. In this work, the prevalence of L. monocytogenes was determined in the five most widely traded meat products in the province of Quevedo (Ecuador): bacon, "chorizo paisa", grilled hamburger meat, mortadella, and salami. A total of 1000 samples of these products were analyzed in two seasons of the year (dry season/rainy season). All L. monocytogenes isolates were confirmed by PCR with primers designed for the iap gene. Furthermore, the positive samples were quantified for L. monocytogenes. Of the 1000 meat products analyzed, 163 were positive for L. monocytogenes (16.3%). The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in the two seasons in different meat products was as follows: 22.5% in mortadella, 19% in hamburger meat, 15% in bacon, 14.5% in chorizo paisa and 10.5% in salami. In addition, the concentration of L. monocytogenes in most of the positive samples was in the range of 4-6 log CFU/g or even higher. The results show the need for improvements in the hygienic measures and meat storage temperatures in Quevedo (Ecuador) to avoid risks of foodborne listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Alex Meza-Bone
- Ruminology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal and Biological Sciences, State Technical University of Quevedo, Quevedo 120301, Ecuador;
| | | | - Ángel Cedeño
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Microbiology, Science and Technology Research Department, State Technical University of Quevedo, Quevedo 120301, Ecuador;
| | - Irene Martín
- Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Carne y Productos Cárnicos (IProCar), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (I.M.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Alberto Martín
- Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Carne y Productos Cárnicos (IProCar), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (I.M.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Naga Raju Maddela
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Technical University of Manabí, Portoviejo 130103, Ecuador;
| | - Juan J. Córdoba
- Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Carne y Productos Cárnicos (IProCar), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (I.M.); (J.J.C.)
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22
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Tayeb BA, Mohamed-Sharif YH, Choli FR, Haji SS, Ibrahim MM, Haji SK, Rasheed MJ, Mustafa NA. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Meat Products: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:315-333. [PMID: 37389828 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to comprehensively understand antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Listeria monocytogenes (LM) isolated from meat and meat products. The study was performed following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Published articles from 2000 to 2022 were collected from six widely used online databases, including AGRICOLA, PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL-EBSCO. Prevalence rates and AMR of pathogen isolates were analyzed using MedCalc software, including the I2 statistic and Cochrane Q test for heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression were conducted to analyze potential sources of heterogeneity at a 95% significance level. The distribution and prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) were examined using a random-effect model. The pooled frequency of bacterial MDR was 22.97% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.95-32.13). The studies exhibited high heterogeneity (I2 = 94.82%, 95% CI = 93.74-95.71, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the most prevalent antibiotics resistance found in the majority of included studies were tetracycline, clindamycin, penicillin, ampicillin, and oxacillin (I2 = 86.66%, 95% CI = 73.20-93.36, p < 0.0001). This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of AMR in LM isolates, and the results indicate that none of the variable factors, including sampling location, sampling size, or methodology, significantly influenced the outcome of LM isolates resistant to multidrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizhar Ahmed Tayeb
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory, Directorate of Veterinary in Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Yousif Hamed Mohamed-Sharif
- Department of Food Microbiology, Ibrahim Khlail-Habur International Border, New-Standard Company, Zakho, Iraq
| | - Farhad Ramadhan Choli
- Food Safety and Animal Health Department, Veterinary Directorate in Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Shamal Subhi Haji
- Department of Food Microbiology, Ibrahim Khlail-Habur International Border, New-Standard Company, Zakho, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Mahmood Ibrahim
- Food Industry Department, Standardization and Quality Control Authority, Directorate of Quality Control, Zakho, Iraq
| | - Shana Khalid Haji
- Department of Food Microbiology, Ibrahim Khlail-Habur International Border, New-Standard Company, Zakho, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Jomaa Rasheed
- Food Industry Department, Standardization and Quality Control Authority, Directorate of Quality Control, Zakho, Iraq
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23
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Hobbs JL, Lee C, Thompson B, Andrew A, Navarro C, Dubey V, Maki A, Kong A, Griffin M, Chau K, Murphy AM, Lombos M, Majury AL, Gerrie M, Szidonya E, Chung J, Ozaldin O, Patel T, Brandon N, Warshawsky B. Two Listeria monocytogenes outbreaks in a cancer centre: onsite food premises and their potential health risk to patients. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1443. [PMID: 37507665 PMCID: PMC10375833 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report describes two L. monocytogenes outbreak investigations that occurred in March and September of 2018 and that linked illness to a food premises located in an Ontario cancer centre. The cancer centre serves patients from across the province. METHODS In Ontario, local public health agencies follow up with all reported laboratory-confirmed cases of listeriosis to identify possible sources of disease acquisition and to carry out investigations, including at suspected food premises. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is notified of any Listeria-positive food product collected in relation to a case. The CFIA traces Listeria-positive product through the food distribution system to identify the contamination source and ensure the implicated manufacturing facility implements corrective measures. RESULTS Outbreaks one and two each involved three outbreak-confirmed listeriosis cases. All six cases were considered genetically related by whole genome sequencing (WGS). In both outbreaks, outbreak-confirmed cases reported consuming meals at a food premises located in a cancer centre (food premises A) before illness onset. Various open deli meat samples and, in outbreak two, environmental swabs (primarily from the meat slicer) collected from food premises A were genetically related to the outbreak-confirmed cases. Food premises A closed as a result of the investigations. CONCLUSIONS When procuring on-site food premises, healthcare facilities and institutions serving individuals with immuno-compromising conditions should consider the potential health risk of foods available to their patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Leigh Hobbs
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Christina Lee
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Brian Thompson
- Toronto Public Health, 277 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W2, Canada
| | - Adrienne Andrew
- Toronto Public Health, 277 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W2, Canada
| | - Christine Navarro
- Toronto Public Health, 277 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W2, Canada
- University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Vinita Dubey
- Toronto Public Health, 277 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W2, Canada
| | - Anne Maki
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Adrienne Kong
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Office of Food Safety and Recall, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0Y9, Canada
| | - Meghan Griffin
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Office of Food Safety and Recall, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0Y9, Canada
| | - Kelvin Chau
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Office of Food Safety and Recall, 1400 Merivale Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0Y9, Canada
| | - Allana M Murphy
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Marina Lombos
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Anna L Majury
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Monica Gerrie
- Public Health Agency of Canada National Microbiology Laboratory, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MN, R3E 3P6, Canada
| | - Erin Szidonya
- Public Health Agency of Canada National Microbiology Laboratory, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MN, R3E 3P6, Canada
| | - Jackson Chung
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Omar Ozaldin
- Toronto Public Health, 277 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W2, Canada
| | - Toral Patel
- Toronto Public Health, 277 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W2, Canada
| | - Nicholas Brandon
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
- University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Bryna Warshawsky
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
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24
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Schiavano GF, Guidi F, Pomilio F, Brandi G, Salini R, Amagliani G, Centorotola G, Palma F, Felici M, Lorenzetti C, Blasi G. Listeria monocytogenes Strains Persisting in a Meat Processing Plant in Central Italy: Use of Whole Genome Sequencing and In Vitro Adhesion and Invasion Assays to Decipher Their Virulence Potential. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1659. [PMID: 37512831 PMCID: PMC10383671 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used both a WGS and an in vitro approach to study the virulence potential of nine Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) strains belonging to genetic clusters persisting in a meat processing plant in Central Italy. The studied clusters belonged to CC1-ST1, CC9-ST9, and CC218-ST2801. All the CC1 and CC218 strains presented the same accessory virulence genes (LIPI-3, gltA, gltB, and aut_IVb). CC1 and CC9 strains presented a gene profile similarity of 22.6% as well as CC9 and CC218 isolates. CC1 and CC218 showed a similarity of 45.2% of the same virulence profile. The hypervirulent strains of lineage I (CC1 and CC218) presented a greater ability to adhere and invade Caco-2 cells than hypovirulent ones (CC9). CC1 strains were significantly more adhesive and invasive compared with CC9 and CC218 strains, although these last CCs presented the same accessory virulence genes. No statistically significant difference was found comparing CC218 with CC9 strains. This study provided for the first time data on the in vitro adhesiveness and invasiveness of CC218-ST2801 and added more data on the virulence characteristics of CC1 and CC9. What we observed confirmed that the ability of Lm to adhere to and invade human cells in vitro is not always decipherable from its virulence gene profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Fiorella Schiavano
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Bramante, 17, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Guidi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per Listeria Monocytogenes, Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per Listeria Monocytogenes, Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Brandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Santa Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Romolo Salini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Centro Operativo Veterinario per l'Epidemiologia, Programmazione, Informazione e Analisi del Rischio (COVEPI), National Reference Center for Veterinary Epidemiology, Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giulia Amagliani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Santa Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Centorotola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per Listeria Monocytogenes, Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Palma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Santa Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Martina Felici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Santa Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lorenzetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuliana Blasi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Skowron K, Wałecka-Zacharska E. Genomic and pathogenicity islands of Listeria monocytogenes-overview of selected aspects. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1161486. [PMID: 37388250 PMCID: PMC10300472 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1161486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a disease characterized by a high mortality rate (up to 30%). Since the pathogen is highly tolerant to changing conditions (high and low temperature, wide pH range, low availability of nutrients), it is widespread in the environment, e.g., water, soil, or food. L. monocytogenes possess a number of genes that determine its high virulence potential, i.e., genes involved in the intracellular cycle (e.g., prfA, hly, plcA, plcB, inlA, inlB), response to stress conditions (e.g., sigB, gadA, caspD, clpB, lmo1138), biofilm formation (e.g., agr, luxS), or resistance to disinfectants (e.g., emrELm, bcrABC, mdrL). Some genes are organized into genomic and pathogenicity islands. The islands LIPI-1 and LIPI-3 contain genes related to the infectious life cycle and survival in the food processing environment, while LGI-1 and LGI-2 potentially ensure survival and durability in the production environment. Researchers constantly have been searching for new genes determining the virulence of L. monocytogenes. Understanding the virulence potential of L. monocytogenes is an important element of public health protection, as highly pathogenic strains may be associated with outbreaks and the severity of listeriosis. This review summarizes the selected aspects of L. monocytogenes genomic and pathogenicity islands, and the importance of whole genome sequencing for epidemiological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Smith AM, Erasmus LK, Tau NP, Smouse SL, Ngomane HM, Disenyeng B, Whitelaw A, Lawrence CA, Sekwadi P, Thomas J. Enteric fever cluster identification in South Africa using genomic surveillance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Microb Genom 2023; 9. [PMID: 37339282 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The National Institute for Communicable Diseases in South Africa participates in national laboratory-based surveillance for human isolates of Salmonella species. Laboratory analysis includes whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of isolates. We report on WGS-based surveillance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella Typhi) in South Africa from 2020 through 2021. We describe how WGS analysis identified clusters of enteric fever in the Western Cape Province of South Africa and describe the epidemiological investigations associated with these clusters. A total of 206 Salmonella Typhi isolates were received for analysis. Genomic DNA was isolated from bacteria and WGS was performed using Illumina NextSeq technology. WGS data were investigated using multiple bioinformatics tools, including those available at the Centre for Genomic Epidemiology, EnteroBase and Pathogenwatch. Core-genome multilocus sequence typing was used to investigate the phylogeny of isolates and identify clusters. Three major clusters of enteric fever were identified in the Western Cape Province; cluster one (n=11 isolates), cluster two (n=13 isolates), and cluster three (n=14 isolates). To date, no likely source has been identified for any of the clusters. All isolates associated with the clusters, showed the same genotype (4.3.1.1.EA1) and resistome (antimicrobial resistance genes: bla TEM-1B, catA1, sul1, sul2, dfrA7). The implementation of genomic surveillance of Salmonella Typhi in South Africa has enabled rapid detection of clusters indicative of possible outbreaks. Cluster identification allows for targeted epidemiological investigations and a timely, coordinated public health response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Marius Smith
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Linda Kathleen Erasmus
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nomsa Pauline Tau
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shannon Lucrecia Smouse
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hlengiwe Mimmy Ngomane
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bolele Disenyeng
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrew Whitelaw
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlene Ann Lawrence
- Communicable Disease Control, Service Priorities Coordination, Department of Health, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Phuti Sekwadi
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Juno Thomas
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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27
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Farid N, Waheed A, Motwani S. Synthetic and natural antimicrobials as a control against food borne pathogens: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17021. [PMID: 37484319 PMCID: PMC10361103 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Food borne pathogens are one of the most common yet concerning cause of illnesses around the globe. These microbes invade the body via food items, through numerous mediums of contamination and it is impossible to completely eradicate these organisms from food. Extensive research has been made regarding their treatment. Unfortunately, the only available treatment currently is by antibiotics. Recent exponential increase in antibiotic resistance and the side effect of synthetic compounds have established a need for alternate therapies that could be utilized either on their own or along with antibiotics to provide protection against food-borne diseases. The aim of this review is to provide information regarding some common food borne diseases, their current and possible natural treatment. It will include details regarding some common foodborne pathogens, the disease they cause, prevalence, manifestations and treatment of the respective disease. Some natural modes of potential treatment will be summarized, which including phytochemicals, derived from plants either as crude extracts or as purified form and Bacteriocins as microbial based treatment, obtained from various types of bacteria. The paper will describe their mechanism of action, classification, susceptible organisms, some antimicrobial compounds and producing organisms, application in food systems and as potential treatment. Along with that, synthetic treatment i.e., antibiotics will be discussed including the first-line treatment of some common food borne infections, prevalence and mechanism of resistance against antibiotics in the pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Farid
- Corresponding author. Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Pakistan.
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Rubini S, Baruffaldi M, Taddei R, D'Annunzio G, Scaltriti E, Tambassi M, Menozzi I, Bondesan G, Mazzariol S, Centelleghe C, Corazzola G, Savini F, Indio V, Serraino A, Giacometti F. Loggerhead Sea Turtle as Possible Source of Transmission for Zoonotic Listeriosis in the Marine Environment. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050344. [PMID: 37235427 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitous pathogen isolated from different host species including fish, crustaceans, and molluscs, but it is rarely a pathogenic microorganism to marine reptiles. In particular, only two cases of fatal disseminated listeriosis have been described in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). In this study, we describe a lethal case of L. monocytogenes infection in a loggerhead sea turtle. The turtle was found alive, stranded on a beach in North-eastern Italy, but perished soon after being rescued. The autoptic examination revealed that heart, lung, liver, spleen, and urinary bladder were disseminated with multiple, firm, 0.1-0.5 mm sized, nodular, white-green lesions. Microscopically, these lesions corresponded with heterophilic granulomas with Gram+ bacteria within the necrotic center. Furthermore, the Ziehl-Neelsen stain was negative for acid-fast organisms. Colonies isolated from heart and liver were tested through MALDI-TOF for species identification, revealing the presence of L. monocytogenes. Whole Genome Sequencing on L. monocytogenes isolates was performed and the subsequent in silico genotyping revealed the belonging to Sequence Type 6 (ST 6); the virulence profile was evaluated, showing the presence of pathogenicity islands commonly observed in ST 6. Our results further confirm that L. monocytogenes should be posed in differential diagnosis in case of nodular lesions of loggerhead sea turtles; thus, given the zoonotic potential of the microorganism, animals should be treated with particular caution. In addition, wildlife animals can play an active role as carriers of possibly pathogenetic and virulent strains and contribute to the distribution of L. monocytogenes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Rubini
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matilde Baruffaldi
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Taddei
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Annunzio
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Scaltriti
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Tambassi
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Menozzi
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Bondesan
- Independent Contractor Veterinary and Delta Rescue President, 44020 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science-BCA, University of Padua-Agripolis, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science-BCA, University of Padua-Agripolis, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgia Corazzola
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science-BCA, University of Padua-Agripolis, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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Grudlewska-Buda K, Bauza-Kaszewska J, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Budzyńska A, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Skowron K. Antibiotic Resistance in Selected Emerging Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens-An Issue of Concern? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050880. [PMID: 37237783 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) have been confirmed for all major foodborne pathogens: Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Of great concern to scientists and physicians are also reports of antibiotic-resistant emerging food pathogens-microorganisms that have not previously been linked to food contamination or were considered epidemiologically insignificant. Since the properties of foodborne pathogens are not always sufficiently recognized, the consequences of the infections are often not easily predictable, and the control of their activity is difficult. The bacteria most commonly identified as emerging foodborne pathogens include Aliarcobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Cronobacter spp., Vibrio spp., Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella enterica, Streptocccus suis, Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica. The results of our analysis confirm antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance among the mentioned species. Among the antibiotics whose effectiveness is steadily declining due to expanding resistance among bacteria isolated from food are β-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. Continuous and thorough monitoring of strains isolated from food is necessary to characterize the existing mechanisms of resistance. In our opinion, this review shows the scale of the problem of microbes related to health, which should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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30
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Warmate D, Onarinde BA. Food safety incidents in the red meat industry: A review of foodborne disease outbreaks linked to the consumption of red meat and its products, 1991 to 2021. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 398:110240. [PMID: 37167789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Red meat is a significant source of human nutrition, and the red meat industry contributes to the economy of nations. Nonetheless, there is a widespread global concern about public health issues posed by severe food safety incidents within the red meat industry. Most of these incidents are associated with foodborne disease outbreaks that impact individual consumers, food businesses and society. This study adopts a systematic search and review approach to identify three decades of published investigation reports of global foodborne disease outbreaks linked with the consumption of red meat and products made from them. The review aims to evaluate the critical features of these outbreak incidents to get insight into their contributing factors and root causes. In particular, this review discusses the transmission setting (origin of pathogenic agents), the food vehicles mostly incriminated, the causative pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and parasites) causing the most illnesses, and the most commonly reported contributing factors to the outbreaks. This information can help researchers and food business operators (FBOs) inform future risk assessment studies and support risk management activities in developing risk-mitigating strategies for the industry. Findings from this study suggest that implementing food safety management strategies which include adequate control measures at all stages of the food chain, from farm to fork, is imperative in preventing outbreak incidents. Of equal importance is the need for enhanced and sustained public education about the risk of foodborne illnesses associated with meat and its products whilst discouraging the consumption of raw meat products, especially by high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dein Warmate
- National Centre for Food Manufacturing, University of Lincoln, Holbeach PE12 7PT, UK.
| | - Bukola A Onarinde
- National Centre for Food Manufacturing, University of Lincoln, Holbeach PE12 7PT, UK
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Makhunga SE, Macherera M, Hlongwana K. Food handlers' knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practices regarding safe food handling in charitable food assistance programmes in the eThekwini District, South Africa: cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065357. [PMID: 37185184 PMCID: PMC10151870 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess food handlers' knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practices towards safer donated foods. DESIGN This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2021. SETTING This study was conducted in the eThekwini District, South Africa. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sampling-based cross-sectional survey of food handlers (n=252) served as the study's main source of data. A total of eight study sites across five municipal planning regions of eThekwini District were visited. The principal investigator administered the validated structured standardised questionnaire, using participants' language of choice, which was either English or isiZulu. All the questions in the questionnaire were asked in exactly the same manner, following the same flow, in order to avoid bias and ensure consistency. Furthermore, the close-ended nature of questions in the questionnaire mitigated the risks of question manipulation. The questionnaire was adapted from the WHO's five keys to a safer food manual. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practices towards safer donated foods. The secondary outcomes were the sanitary conditions of infrastructure and facilities, food handlers' observed food handling behaviour and nutritional information/labelling. RESULTS The results show that the food handlers had good knowledge, positive attitude and acceptable behaviours towards safe food handling and general hygiene, with mean scores (SD) of 62.8 (14.6), 92.5 (14.1) and 80.4 (13.3), respectively. Significant correlations were found between knowledge and attitudes (p=0001), knowledge and practices (p<0001), and attitudes and practices (p=0.02). However, the correlations between knowledge versus attitude and attitude versus practice were poor (Spearman's r<0.3), and the association between knowledge versus practice was moderate (0.3-0.7). The majority of food handlers (92.5%) did not understand the value of thorough cooking and temperature control. About 53% of respondents acknowledged to never adequately reheating cooked meals, 5% did not see the significance of preventing cross-contamination and 5% were unsure. CONCLUSIONS Despite the relatively positive knowledge, attitude and practice levels of the food handlers, safe food handling and hygiene practices, such as thorough cooking and temperature control, properly reheating cooked meals and taking precautions to prevent cross-contamination, require some emphasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizwe Earl Makhunga
- Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Margaret Macherera
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Lupane State University, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Khumbulani Hlongwana
- Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Cancer and Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit (CIDERU), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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32
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Tucker JS, Cho J, Albrecht TM, Ferrell JL, D’Orazio SEF. Egress of Listeria monocytogenes from Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Depends on Intracellular Replication and Cell-to-Cell Spread. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0006423. [PMID: 36916918 PMCID: PMC10112146 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00064-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) function as a barrier to systemic spread for both commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the gut. Listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular foodborne pathogen, readily overcomes this barrier and spreads into the bloodstream, causing life-threatening systemic infections. We show here that intracellular replication protected L. monocytogenes from clearance by monocytes and neutrophils and promoted colonization of the small intestine-draining MLN (sMLN) but was not required for dissemination to the colon-draining MLN (cMLN). Intestinal tissue had enough free lipoate to support LplA2-dependent extracellular growth of L. monocytogenes, but exogenous lipoate in the MLN was severely limited, and so the bacteria could replicate only inside cells, where they used LplA1 to scavenge lipoate from host peptides. When foodborne infection was manipulated to allow ΔlplA1 L. monocytogenes to colonize the MLN to the same extent as wild-type bacteria, the mutant was still never recovered in the spleen or liver of any animal. We found that intracellular replication in the MLN promoted actin-based motility and cell-to-cell spread of L. monocytogenes and that rapid efficient exit from the MLN was actA dependent. We conclude that intracellular replication of L. monocytogenes in intestinal tissues is not essential and serves primarily to amplify bacterial burdens above a critical threshold needed to efficiently colonize the cMLN. In contrast, intracellular replication in the MLN is absolutely required for further systemic spread and serves primarily to promote ActA-mediated cell-to-cell spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila S. Tucker
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jooyoung Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Taylor M. Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jessica L. Ferrell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sarah E. F. D’Orazio
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Dong Z, Sun Y, Cao Q, Liu H, Liu Y, Cao Q, Wei H, Song C, Gou H, Xue H. Prevalence and Biological Characteristics of Listeria Species Isolated from Livestock and Poultry Meat in Gansu Province, China. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:11-20. [PMID: 36929888 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a widespread foodborne pathogen contaminating foods during their production or processing stages. Fresh meat is susceptible to such contamination if it is not properly preserved. Our study was conducted to reveal the level of contamination and prevalence of Listeria spp. present in livestock and poultry meat from Gansu province. A total of 1,387 samples were collected from five cities in Gansu Province according to standard sampling procedures, of which 174 samples (12.5%) were positive for Listeria species. Among them, 14 isolates of L. monocytogenes (1.0%), 150 isolates of Listeria innocua (10.8%), and ten isolates of Listeria welshimeri (0.7%) were identified by conventional bacteriological and molecular identification methods. All isolates were subjected to serological assays, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, growth curve assays, determination of biofilm-forming capacity, and cluster analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Four predominant serotypes of L. monocytogenes were identified, including 1/2a (35.7%, 5/14), 1/2b (14.3%, 2/14), 1/2c (42.9%, 6/14), and 4b (7.1%, 1/14). All L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to tetracycline and cefoxitin. Most L. innocua isolates (63.6%, 14/22) and L. welshimeri (40%, 4/10) were resistant to tetracycline. The high biofilm-forming ability was observed among 1/2c and 1/2a serotype isolates. The cluster analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a close genetic relationship between the three Listeria species. This study fills the gap in the knowledge of livestock and poultry meat that carry Listeria in slaughterhouses and markets in Gansu Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Dong
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- 2Highway Animal and Plant Joint Epidemic Prevention and Quarantine Station, Hami, China
| | - Qing Cao
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- 3Lanzhou Animal's Sanitation Inspection, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qihang Cao
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huilin Wei
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Song
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huitian Gou
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Xue
- 1College of Veterinary Medical, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Barichello T, Rocha Catalão CH, Rohlwink UK, van der Kuip M, Zaharie D, Solomons RS, van Toorn R, Tutu van Furth M, Hasbun R, Iovino F, Namale VS. Bacterial meningitis in Africa. Front Neurol 2023; 14:822575. [PMID: 36864913 PMCID: PMC9972001 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.822575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis differs globally, and the incidence and case fatality rates vary by region, country, pathogen, and age group; being a life-threatening disease with a high case fatality rate and long-term complications in low-income countries. Africa has the most significant prevalence of bacterial meningitis illness, and the outbreaks typically vary with the season and the geographic location, with a high incidence in the meningitis belt of the sub-Saharan area from Senegal to Ethiopia. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) are the main etiological agents of bacterial meningitis in adults and children above the age of one. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus), Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus are neonatal meningitis's most common causal agents. Despite efforts to vaccinate against the most common causes of bacterial neuro-infections, bacterial meningitis remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in Africa, with children below 5 years bearing the heaviest disease burden. The factors attributed to this continued high disease burden include poor infrastructure, continued war, instability, and difficulty in diagnosis of bacterial neuro-infections leading to delay in treatment and hence high morbidity. Despite having the highest disease burden, there is a paucity of African data on bacterial meningitis. In this article, we discuss the common etiologies of bacterial neuroinfectious diseases, diagnosis and the interplay between microorganisms and the immune system, and the value of neuroimmune changes in diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Barichello
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ursula K. Rohlwink
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martijn van der Kuip
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dan Zaharie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Regan S. Solomons
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ronald van Toorn
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marceline Tutu van Furth
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Hasbun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Health, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Federico Iovino
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivian Ssonko Namale
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Exploring Possible Ways to Enhance the Potential and Use of Natural Products through Nanotechnology in the Battle against Biofilms of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020270. [PMID: 36839543 PMCID: PMC9967150 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms enable pathogenic bacteria to survive in unfavorable environments. As biofilm-forming pathogens can cause rapid food spoilage and recurrent infections in humans, especially their presence in the food industry is problematic. Using chemical disinfectants in the food industry to prevent biofilm formation raises serious health concerns. Further, the ability of biofilm-forming bacterial pathogens to tolerate disinfection procedures questions the traditional treatment methods. Thus, there is a dire need for alternative treatment options targeting bacterial pathogens, especially biofilms. As clean-label products without carcinogenic and hazardous potential, natural compounds with growth and biofilm-inhibiting and biofilm-eradicating potentials have gained popularity as natural preservatives in the food industry. However, the use of these natural preservatives in the food industry is restricted by their poor availability, stability during food processing and storage. Also there is a lack of standardization, and unattractive organoleptic qualities. Nanotechnology is one way to get around these limitations and as well as the use of underutilized bioactives. The use of nanotechnology has several advantages including traversing the biofilm matrix, targeted drug delivery, controlled release, and enhanced bioavailability, bioactivity, and stability. The nanoparticles used in fabricating or encapsulating natural products are considered as an appealing antibiofilm strategy since the nanoparticles enhance the activity of the natural products against biofilms of foodborne bacterial pathogens. Hence, this literature review is intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current methods in nanotechnology used for natural products delivery (biofabrication, encapsulation, and nanoemulsion) and also discuss the different promising strategies employed in the recent and past to enhance the inhibition and eradication of foodborne bacterial biofilms.
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36
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Kamal I, Ashfaq UA, Hayat S, Aslam B, Sarfraz MH, Yaseen H, Rajoka MSR, Shah AA, Khurshid M. Prospects of antimicrobial peptides as an alternative to chemical preservatives for food safety. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:137-162. [PMID: 36504266 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a potential alternative to antimicrobial agents that have got considerable research interest owing to their significant role in the inhibition of bacterial pathogens. These AMPs can essentially inhibit the growth and multiplication of microbes through multiple mechanisms including disruption of cellular membranes, inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis, or affecting intracellular components and cell division. Moreover, AMPs are biocompatible and biodegradable therefore, they can be a good alternative to antimicrobial agents and chemical preservatives. A few of their features for example thermostability and high selectivity are quite appealing for their potential use in the food industry for food preservation to prevent the spoilage caused by microorganisms and foodborne pathogens. Despite these advantages, very few AMPs are being used at an industrial scale for food preservation as these peptides are quite vulnerable to external environmental factors which deter their practical applications and commercialization. The review aims to provide an outline of the mechanism of action of AMPs and their prospects as an alternative to chemical preservatives in the food industry. Further studies related to the structure-activity relationship of AMPs will help to expand the understanding of their mechanism of action and to determine specific conditions to increase their stability and applicability in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Kamal
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumreen Hayat
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Hamna Yaseen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Asad Ali Shah
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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37
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Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Skowron K, Wałecka-Zacharska E, Grudlewska-Buda K, Wnuk K, Buszko K, Gospodarek-Komkowska E. Assessment of the influence of selected stress factors on the growth and survival of Listeria monocytogenes. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:27. [PMID: 36690941 PMCID: PMC9872351 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes are Gram-positive rods, which are the etiological factor of listeriosis. L. monocytogenes quickly adapts to changing environmental conditions. Since the main source of rods is food, its elimination from the production line is a priority. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of selected stress factors on the growth and survival of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food products and clinical material. RESULTS We distinguished fifty genetically different strains of L. monocytogenes (PFGE method). Sixty-two percent of the tested strains represented 1/2a-3a serogroup. Sixty percent of the rods possessed ten examined virulence genes (fbpA, plcA, hlyA, plcB, inlB, actA, iap, inlA, mpl, prfA). Listeria Pathogenicity Island 1 (LIPI-1) was demonstrated among 38 (76.0%) strains. Majority (92.0%) of strains (46) were sensitive to all examined antibiotics. The most effective concentration of bacteriophage (inhibiting the growth of 22 strains; 44.0%) was 5 × 108 PFU. In turn, the concentration of 8% of NaCl was enough to inhibit the growth of 31 strains (62.0%). The clinical strain tolerated the broadest pH range (3 to 10). Five strains survived the 60-min exposure to 70˚C, whereas all were alive at each time stage of the cold stress experiment. During the stress of cyclic freezing-defrosting, an increase in the number of bacteria was shown after the first cycle, and a decrease was only observed after cycle 3. The least sensitive to low nutrients content were strains isolated from frozen food. The high BHI concentration promoted the growth of all groups. CONCLUSIONS Data on survival in stress conditions can form the basis for one of the hypotheses explaining the formation of persistent strains. Such studies are also helpful for planning appropriate hygiene strategies within the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Kacper Wnuk
- Department of Theoretical Foundations of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Computer Science, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Buszko
- Department of Theoretical Foundations of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Computer Science, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Lakicevic B, Jankovic V, Pietzka A, Ruppitsch W. Wholegenome sequencing as the gold standard approach for control of Listeria monocytogenes in the food chain. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100003. [PMID: 36916580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes has been implicated in numerous outbreaks and related deaths of listeriosis. In food production, L. monocytogenes occurs in raw food material and above all, through postprocessing contamination. The use of next-generation sequencing technologies such as whole-genome sequencing (WGS) facilitates foodborne outbreak investigations, pathogen source tracking and tracing geographic distributions of different clonal complexes, routine microbiological/epidemiological surveillance of listeriosis, and quantitative microbial risk assessment. WGS can also be used to predict various genetic traits related to virulence, stress, or antimicrobial resistance, which can be of great benefit for improving food safety management as well as public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Lakicevic
- Department for Microbiological and Molecular-biological Testing, Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Jankovic
- Department for Microbiological and Molecular-biological Testing, Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ariane Pietzka
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene/National Reference Laboratory for Listeria Division for Public Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Graz, Austria
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Division for Public Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
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Hu M, Dong Q, Liu Y, Sun T, Gu M, Zhu H, Xia X, Li Z, Wang X, Ma Y, Yang S, Qin X. A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Listeria monocytogenes Response to Sanitizer Treatments. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010154. [PMID: 36613373 PMCID: PMC9818549 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous organism that can be found in food-related environments, and sanitizers commonly prevent and control it. The aim of this study is to perform a meta-analysis of L. monocytogenes response to sanitizer treatments. According to the principle of systematic review, we extracted 896 records on the mean log-reduction of L. monocytogenes from 84 publications as the dataset for this study. We applied a mixed-effects model to describe L. monocytogenes response to sanitizer treatment by considering sanitizer type, matrix type, biofilm status, sanitizer concentration, treatment time, and temperature. Based on the established model, we compared the response of L. monocytogenes under different hypothetical conditions using forest plots. The results showed that environmental factors (i.e., sanitizer concentration, temperature, and treatment time) affected the average log-reduction of L. monocytogenes (p < 0.05). L. monocytogenes generally exhibited strong resistance to citric acid and sodium hypochlorite but had low resistance to electrolyzed water. The planktonic cells of L. monocytogenes were less resistant to peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite than the adherent and biofilm cells. Additionally, the physical and chemical properties of the contaminated or inoculated matrix or surface also influenced the sanitizer effectiveness. This review may contribute to increasing our knowledge of L. monocytogenes resistance to sanitizers and raising awareness of appropriate safety precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Hu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yangtai Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Tianmei Sun
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Mingliang Gu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huajian Zhu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xuejuan Xia
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhuosi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiaojie Qin
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Muchaamba F, von Ah U, Stephan R, Stevens MJA, Tasara T. Deciphering the global roles of Cold shock proteins in Listeria monocytogenes nutrient metabolism and stress tolerance. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1057754. [PMID: 36605504 PMCID: PMC9808409 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1057754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) accounts for serious public health and food safety problems owing to its stress resilience and pathogenicity. Based on their regulatory involvement in global gene expression events, cold-shock domain family proteins (Csps) are crucial in expression of various stress fitness and virulence phenotypes in bacteria. Lm possesses three Csps (CspA, CspB, and CspD) whose regulatory roles in the context of the genetic diversity of this bacterium are not yet fully understood. We examined the impacts of Csps deficiency on Lm nutrient metabolism and stress tolerance using a set of csp deletion mutants generated in different genetic backgrounds. Phenotype microarrays (PM) analysis showed that the absence of Csps in ∆cspABD reduces carbon (C-) source utilization capacity and increases Lm sensitivity to osmotic, pH, various chemical, and antimicrobial stress conditions. Single and double csp deletion mutants in different Lm genetic backgrounds were used to further dissect the roles of individual Csps in these phenotypes. Selected PM-based observations were further corroborated through targeted phenotypic assays, confirming that Csps are crucial in Lm for optimal utilization of various C-sources including rhamnose and glucose as well as tolerance against NaCl, β-phenyethylamine (PEA), and food relevant detergent stress conditions. Strain and genetic lineage background-based differences, division of labour, epistasis, and functional redundancies among the Csps were uncovered with respect to their roles in various processes including C-source utilization, cold, and PEA stress resistance. Finally, targeted transcriptome analysis was performed, revealing the activation of csp gene expression under defined stress conditions and the impact of Csps on expression regulation of selected rhamnose utilization genes. Overall, our study shows that Csps play important roles in nutrient utilization and stress responses in Lm strains, contributing to traits that are central to the public health and food safety impacts of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Muchaamba
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Francis Muchaamba,
| | | | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J. A. Stevens
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Taurai Tasara
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mayer RL, Verbeke R, Asselman C, Aernout I, Gul A, Eggermont D, Boucher K, Thery F, Maia TM, Demol H, Gabriels R, Martens L, Bécavin C, De Smedt SC, Vandekerckhove B, Lentacker I, Impens F. Immunopeptidomics-based design of mRNA vaccine formulations against Listeria monocytogenes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6075. [PMID: 36241641 PMCID: PMC9562072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33721-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne intracellular bacterial pathogen leading to human listeriosis. Despite a high mortality rate and increasing antibiotic resistance no clinically approved vaccine against Listeria is available. Attenuated Listeria strains offer protection and are tested as antitumor vaccine vectors, but would benefit from a better knowledge on immunodominant vector antigens. To identify novel antigens, we screen for Listeria peptides presented on the surface of infected human cell lines by mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics. In between more than 15,000 human self-peptides, we detect 68 Listeria immunopeptides from 42 different bacterial proteins, including several known antigens. Peptides presented on different cell lines are often derived from the same bacterial surface proteins, classifying these antigens as potential vaccine candidates. Encoding these highly presented antigens in lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccine formulations results in specific CD8+ T-cell responses and induces protection in vaccination challenge experiments in mice. Our results can serve as a starting point for the development of a clinical mRNA vaccine against Listeria and aid to improve attenuated Listeria vaccines and vectors, demonstrating the power of immunopeptidomics for next-generation bacterial vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert L Mayer
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Asselman
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilke Aernout
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adillah Gul
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Denzel Eggermont
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katie Boucher
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabien Thery
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Teresa M Maia
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Demol
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ralf Gabriels
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Martens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
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Anti-Biofilm Activity of Cell Free Supernatants of Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria against Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Avocado and Cucumber Fruits, and from an Avocado Processing Plant. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182872. [PMID: 36141000 PMCID: PMC9498153 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes forms biofilms on food contact surfaces, a niche from where it dislodges to contaminate food products including fresh produce. Probiotics and their derivatives are considered promising alternative strategies to curb the presence of L. monocytogenes in varied food applications. Nonetheless, studies on their anti-biofilm effects against L. monocytogenes from avocados and cucumbers are sparse. This study screened the biofilm formation capabilities of L. monocytogenes strains Avo and Cuc isolated from the avocado and cucumber fruits respectively, and strain 243 isolated from an avocado processing plant; and evaluated the anti-biofilm effects of cell free supernatants (CFS) of Lactobacillus acidophilus La14 150B, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B411 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 against their biofilms formed on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and stainless steel. All the L. monocytogenes strains formed biofilms (classified either as moderate or strong biofilm formers) on these materials. The presence of CFS reduced the biofilm formation capabilities of these strains and disrupted the integrity of their pre-formed biofilms. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed significant reduction of positive regulatory factor A (prfA) gene expression by L. monocytogenes biofilm cells in the presence of CFS (p < 0.05). Thus, these CFS have potential as food grade sanitizers for control of L. monocytogenes biofilms in the avocado and cucumber processing facilities.
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43
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Vidovic S, Paturi G, Gupta S, Fletcher GC. Lifestyle of Listeria monocytogenes and food safety: Emerging listericidal technologies in the food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1817-1835. [PMID: 36062812 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a causative agent of listeriosis, is a major foodborne pathogen. Among pathogens, L. monocytogenes stands out for its unique ecological and physiological characteristics. This distinct lifestyle of L. monocytogenes has a significant impact on food safety and public health, mainly through the ability of this pathogen to multiply at refrigeration temperature and to persist in the food processing environment. Due to a combination of these characteristics and emerging trends in consumer preference for ready-to-eat and minimally processed food, there is a need to develop effective and sustainable approaches to control contamination of food products with L. monocytogenes. Implementation of an efficient and reliable control strategy for L. monocytogenes must first address the problem of cross-contamination. Besides the preventive control strategies, cross-contamination may be addressed with the introduction of emerging post packaging non-thermal or thermal hurdles that can ensure delivery of a listericidal step in a packed product without interfering with the organoleptic characteristics of a food product. This review aims to present the most relevant findings underlying the distinct lifestyle of L. monocytogenes and its impact on food safety. We also discuss emerging food decontamination technologies that can be used to better control L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Vidovic
- Food Safety Preservation Team, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gunaranjan Paturi
- Food Safety Preservation Team, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sravani Gupta
- Food Safety Preservation Team, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Graham C Fletcher
- Food Safety Preservation Team, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
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Osei Tutu B, Laryea EB, Asante R, Darko DA. Evaluation of surveillance system for post market activities on pre-packaged foods in Greater Accra Region, Ghana, 2021. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2022; 4:100292. [PMID: 36570390 PMCID: PMC9773048 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This evaluation was to assess the usefulness and attributes of the surveillance system for post market activities on pre-packaged foods in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana and also to determine if the systems objectives are being met. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional design was used for the evaluation. Data/records on Food Market Surveillance collected between 2018 and 2020 was reviewed and key stakeholders involved in the Food Market Surveillance interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Surveillance operations were also observed. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive summary statistics. Information gathered from interviews were put under themes. Result Some policy decision taken were based on analysis of data from the surveillance system. The system is useful in detecting trends signaling changes on label of registered prepackage food products. The system can permit assessment of the compliance of levels of importers/manufacturers; however, such analysis was not done. The system involves single step notification and processing steps and can incorporate data from other systems. Some retailers perceived the system as a hindrance to business. Completion of notification forms takes 2-5 min and 1-5 working days to process and take regulatory action. The surveillance system had a data accuracy and completeness of 94.6% (194/205) and 94.1% (193/205) respectively with less than 0.1% (3/95) double entries. The system did not have any data validation process or team in place. Conclusion The system was partially meeting its intended objectives and found useful despite some gaps and challenges observed. The system is simple, flexible, accepted by most of the stakeholders and covers almost the entire districts in the Greater Accra Region. We recommend that data validation process or team be instituted to ensure reliability of data generated for policy and regulatory decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Osei Tutu
- Food and Drugs Authority, Accra, Ghana,Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (GFELTP), Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana,Corresponding author. Food and Drugs Authority, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Eunice Baiden Laryea
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (GFELTP), Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rita Asante
- Food and Drugs Authority, Accra, Ghana,Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (GFELTP), Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Listeria monocytogenes post-outbreak management - When could a food production be considered under control again? Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 379:109844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hu L, Dong Q, Li Z, Ma Y, Aslam MZ, Liu Y. Modelling the Adhesion and Biofilm Formation Boundary of Listeria monocytogenes ST9. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131940. [PMID: 35804756 PMCID: PMC9266252 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a major foodborne pathogen that can adhere to or form a biofilm on food contact surfaces, depending on the environmental conditions. The purpose of this work is to determine the adhesion and biofilm formation boundaries for L. monocytogenes ST9 under the combination environments of temperature (5, 15, and 25 °C), NaCl concentration (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% (w/v)) and pH (5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0). The probability models of adhesion and biofilm formation were built using the logistic regression. For adhesion, only the terms of linear T and NaCl are significant for L. monocytogenes ST9 (p < 0.05), whereas the terms of linear T, NaCl, and pH, and the interaction between T and pH were significant for biofilm formation (p < 0.05). By analyzing contour maps and their surface plots for two different states, we discovered that high temperature promoted adhesion and biofilm formation, whereas excessive NaCl concentration inhibited both of them. With a stringent threshold of 0.1667, the accuracy rate for identifying both adhesion/no-adhesion and biofilm formation/no-biofilm formation events were 0.929, indicating that the probability models are reasonably accurate in predicting the adhesion and biofilm formation boundary of L. monocytogenes ST9. The boundary model may provide a useful way for determining and further controlling L. monocytogenes adhesion and biofilm formation in various food processing environments.
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Vallejo P, Cilla G, López-Olaizola M, Vicente D, Marimón JM. Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Listeriosis in Gipuzkoa, Spain, 2010-2020. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:894334. [PMID: 35755994 PMCID: PMC9218358 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.894334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Listeriosis continues to be one of the most important notifiable foodborne diseases. Nonetheless, in Spain, there are few data on the molecular epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes infections in recent years. Aim To describe clinical features and the molecular epidemiology of human listeriosis over an 11-year period (2010–2020) in Gipuzkoa, Northern Spain. Methods A total of 111 isolates, all but one from invasive disease, were studied. Serotyping (agglutination and multiplex polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) and multilocus sequence typing were performed for all isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed by the broth microdilution method. Results The average annual incidence of listeriosis in non-pregnancy-associated cases was 1.55 per 100,000 population, with a 1-month mortality rate of 22.2%. In pregnant women, the average incidence was 0.45 cases per 1,000 pregnancies. Twenty-four sequence types were identified, serotype 4b ST1 (24.3%) being the most frequent followed by 1/2b ST87 (18.9%), which caused two long outbreaks in 2013–2014. A significant association was observed between ST219 and meningitis (p < 0.001). All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin as well as other antibiotics used in listeriosis treatment. Conclusion Despite current control measures, listeriosis continues to be an important cause of mortality in the elderly, preterm birth, and miscarriages in pregnant women. Improvements in the control and diagnosis of listeriosis are needed to reduce the impact of this infection on vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Vallejo
- Microbiology Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, San Sebastián, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gustavo Cilla
- Microbiology Department, Infectious Diseases Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Vaccine Preventable Diseases Group, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maddi López-Olaizola
- Microbiology Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Diego Vicente
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain.,Microbiology Department, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José María Marimón
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain.,Microbiology Department, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, San Sebastián, Spain
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Wu J, NicAogáin K, McAuliffe O, Jordan K, O’Byrne C. Phylogenetic and Phenotypic Analyses of a Collection of Food and Clinical Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Reveal Loss of Function of Sigma B from Several Clonal Complexes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0005122. [PMID: 35481758 PMCID: PMC9128516 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00051-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the stress responses of the important foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, we collected 139 strains (meat, n = 25; dairy, n = 10; vegetable, n = 8; seafood, n = 14; mixed food, n = 4; and food processing environments, n = 78), mostly isolated in Ireland, and subjected them to whole-genome sequencing. These strains were compared to 25 Irish clinical isolates and 4 well-studied reference strains. Core genome and pan-genome analysis confirmed a highly clonal and deeply branched population structure. Multilocus sequence typing showed that this collection contained a diverse range of strains from L. monocytogenes lineages I and II. Several groups of isolates with highly similar genome content were traced to single or multiple food business operators, providing evidence of strain persistence or prevalence, respectively. Phenotypic screening assays for tolerance to salt stress and resistance to acid stress revealed variants within several clonal complexes that were phenotypically distinct. Five of these phenotypic outliers were found to carry mutations in the sigB operon, which encodes the stress-inducible sigma factor sigma B. Transcriptional analysis confirmed that three of the strains that carried mutations in sigB, rsbV, or rsbU had reduced SigB activity, as predicted. These strains exhibited increased tolerance to salt stress and displayed decreased resistance to low pH stress. Overall, this study shows that loss-of-function mutations in the sigB operon are comparatively common in field isolates, probably reflecting the cost of the general stress response to reproductive fitness in this pathogen. IMPORTANCE The bacterial foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes frequently contaminates various categories of food products and is able to cause life-threatening infections when ingested by humans. Thus, it is important to control the growth of this bacterium in food by understanding the mechanisms that allow its proliferation under suboptimal conditions. In this study, intraspecies heterogeneity in stress response was observed across a collection consisting of mainly Irish L. monocytogenes isolates. Through comparisons of genome sequence and phenotypes observed, we identified three strains with impairment of the general stress response regulator SigB. Two of these strains are used widely in food challenge studies for evaluating the growth potential of L. monocytogenes. Given that loss of SigB function is associated with atypical phenotypic properties, the use of these strains in food challenge studies should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Wu
- Bacterial Stress Response Group, Microbiology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kerrie NicAogáin
- Bacterial Stress Response Group, Microbiology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Kieran Jordan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conor O’Byrne
- Bacterial Stress Response Group, Microbiology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Thomas TSM, Thomas J, le Roux K, Duze ST, Mkhwanazi F, Duse A. Diagnostic challenges with accurate identification of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from food and environmental samples in South Africa. Afr J Lab Med 2022; 11:1482. [PMID: 35747557 PMCID: PMC9210167 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The 2017–2018 listeriosis outbreak in South Africa warranted testing for Listeria monocytogenes in food products and processing environments. Diagnostic tests are needed to accurately differentiate L. monocytogenes from other Listeria species.Objective: The study assessed the performance of the commonly used tests in our setting to accurately identify L. monocytogenes.Methods: The study was conducted in a public health laboratory in South Africa. Cultured isolates from food and environmental samples were tested both prospectively and retrospectively between August 2018 and December 2018. Isolates were phenotypically identified using tests for detecting β-haemolysis, Christie-Atkins-Munch-Peterson, alanine arylamidase (AlaA), mannosidase, and xylose fermentation. Listeria monocytogenes isolates were identified using automated systems, Microscan Walkaway Plus 96, Vitek® MS, Vitek® 2 and Surefast Listeria monocytogenes PLUS PCR. All results were compared to whole-genome sequencing results.Results: β-haemolysis and Christie-Atkins-Munch-Peterson tests gave delayed positivity or were negative for L. monocytogenes and falsely positive for one strain of Listeria innocua. The AlaA enzyme and Colorex Listeria agar lacked specificity for L. monocytogenes identification. Based on a few phenotypic test results, an aberrant L. monocytogenes strain and Listeria seeligeri strain were reported. All automated platforms overcalled L. monocytogenes in place of other Listeria species.Conclusion: No test was ideal in differentiating Listeria species. This is an issue in resource-limited settings where these tests are currently used. Newer technologies based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and other molecular techniques specific to L. monocytogenes detection need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena S M Thomas
- Infection Control Services Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Juno Thomas
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karren le Roux
- Infection Control Services Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sanelisiwe T Duze
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Faith Mkhwanazi
- Infection Control Services Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adriano Duse
- Infection Control Services Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Comparison of Selected Phenotypic Features of Persistent and Sporadic Strains of Listeria monocytogenes Sampled from Fish Processing Plants. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101492. [PMID: 35627065 PMCID: PMC9140201 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The main source of transmission of Listeria monocytogenes is contaminated food, e.g., fish and meat products and raw fruit and vegetables. The bacteria can remain for 13 years on machines in food processing plants, including fish plants. (2) Methods: A total of 720 swabs were collected from a salmon filleting line. The research material consisted of 62 (8.6%) L. monocytogenes isolates. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) allowed detecting a pool of persistent strains. All persistent strains (n = 6) and a parallel group of strains collected sporadically (n = 6) were characterized by their ability to invade HT-29 cells, biofilm formation ability, and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of selected disinfectants. (3) Results: Among the obtained isolates, 38 genetically different strains were found, including 6 (15.8%) persistent strains. The serogroup 1/2a-3a represented 28 strains (73.7%), including the persistent ones. There were no significant differences in invasiveness between the persistent and sporadic strains. The persistent strains tolerated higher concentrations of the tested disinfectants, except for iodine-based compounds. The persistent strains initiated the biofilm formation process faster and formed it more intensively. (4) Conclusions: The presence of persistent strains in the food processing environment is a great challenge for producers to ensure consumer safety. This study attempts to elucidate the phenotypic characteristics of persistent L. monocytogenes strains.
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