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Radler JB, McBride AR, Saha K, Nighot P, Holmes GM. Regional Heterogeneity in Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Permeability and Mesenteric Perfusion After Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:3236-3248. [PMID: 39001959 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts intestinal barrier function, thereby increasing antigen permeation and leading to poor outcomes. Despite the intestinal tract's anatomic and physiologic heterogeneity, studies following SCI have not comprehensively addressed intestinal pathophysiology with regional specificity. AIMS AND METHODS We used an experimental model of high thoracic SCI to investigate (1) regional mucosal oxidative stress using dihydroethidium labeling; (2) regional paracellular permeability to small- and large-molecular probes via Ussing chamber; (3) regional intestinal tight junction (TJ) protein expression; and (4) hindgut perfusion via the caudal mesenteric artery. RESULTS Dihydroethidium staining was significantly elevated within duodenal mucosa at 3-day post-SCI. Molar flux of [14C]-urea was significantly elevated in duodenum and proximal colon at 3-day post-SCI, while molar flux of [3H]-inulin was significantly elevated only in duodenum at 3-day post-SCI. Barrier permeability was mirrored by a significant increase in the expression of pore-forming TJ protein claudin-2 in duodenum and proximal colon at 3-day post-SCI. Claudin-2 expression remained significantly elevated in proximal colon at 3-week post-SCI. Expression of the barrier-forming TJ protein occludin was significantly reduced in duodenum at 3-day post-SCI. Caudal mesenteric artery flow was unchanged by SCI at 3 days or 3 weeks despite significant reductions in mean arterial pressure. CONCLUSION These data show that T3-SCI provokes elevated mucosal oxidative stress, altered expression of TJ proteins, and elevated intestinal barrier permeability in the proximal intestine. In contrast, mucosal oxidative stress and intestinal barrier permeability were unchanged in the hindgut after SCI. This regional heterogeneity may result from differential sensitivity to reduced mesenteric perfusion, though further studies are required to establish a causal link. Understanding regional differences in intestinal pathophysiology is essential for developing effective treatments and standards of care for individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson B Radler
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Amanda R McBride
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Kushal Saha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Prashant Nighot
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Gregory M Holmes
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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2
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Hamilton AM, Blackmer-Raynolds L, Li Y, Kelly SD, Kebede N, Williams AE, Chang J, Garraway SM, Srinivasan S, Sampson TR. Diet-microbiome interactions promote enteric nervous system resilience following spinal cord injury. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:75. [PMID: 39209925 PMCID: PMC11362535 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in numerous systemic dysfunctions, including intestinal dysmotility and enteric nervous system (ENS) atrophy. The ENS has capacity to recover following perturbation, yet intestinal pathologies persist. With emerging evidence demonstrating SCI-induced alterations to gut microbiome composition, we hypothesized that microbiome modulation contributes to post-injury enteric recovery. Here, we show that intervention with the dietary fiber, inulin, prevents SCI-induced ENS atrophy and dysmotility in mice. While SCI-associated microbiomes and specific injury-sensitive gut microbes are not sufficient to modulate intestinal dysmotility after injury, intervention with microbially-derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites prevents ENS dysfunctions in injured mice. Notably, inulin-mediated resilience is dependent on IL-10 signaling, highlighting a critical diet-microbiome-immune axis that promotes ENS resilience post-injury. Overall, we demonstrate that diet and microbially-derived signals distinctly impact ENS survival after traumatic spinal injury and represent a foundation to uncover etiological mechanisms and future therapeutics for SCI-induced neurogenic bowel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Hamilton
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Yaqing Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sean D Kelly
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nardos Kebede
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna E Williams
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jianjun Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sandra M Garraway
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Timothy R Sampson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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Yan Y, Li Z, Zhang S, Bai F, Jing Y, Huang F, Yu Y. Remote limb ischemic preconditioning alleviated spinal cord injury through inhibiting proinflammatory immune response and promoting the survival of spinal neurons. Spinal Cord 2024:10.1038/s41393-024-01015-3. [PMID: 39154149 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-024-01015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Experimental animal study. OBJECTIVES To investigate the protective effect of remote limb ischemia preconditioning (RLPreC) on traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and explore the underlying biological mechanisms using RNA sequencing. SETTING China Rehabilitation Science Institute; Beijing; China. METHODS spinal cord injury was induced in mice using a force of 0.7 N. RLPreC treatment was administered. Motor function, pain behavior, and gene expression were assessed. RESULTS RLPreC treatment significantly improved motor function and reduced pain-like behavior in SCI mice. RNA-Seq analysis identified 5247 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO analysis revealed enrichment of immune response, inflammatory signaling, and synaptic transmission pathways among these DEGs. KEGG analysis indicated suppression of inflammation and promotion of synapse-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS RLPreC is a promising therapeutic strategy for improving motor function and alleviating pain after traumatic SCI. RNA-Seq analysis provides insights into potential therapeutic targets and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Yan
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Li
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyue Zhang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Bai
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingli Jing
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fubiao Huang
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Ullah H, Arbab S, Tian Y, Chen Y, Liu CQ, Li Q, Li K. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and host immune system and its response to traumatic injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1413485. [PMID: 39144142 PMCID: PMC11321976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1413485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Millions of microorganisms make up the complex microbial ecosystem found in the human gut. The immune system's interaction with the gut microbiota is essential for preventing inflammation and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Numerous metabolic products that can cross-talk between immune cells and the gut epithelium are metabolized by the gut microbiota. Traumatic injury elicits a great and multifaceted immune response in the minutes after the initial offense, containing simultaneous pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. The development of innovative therapies that improve patient outcomes depends on the gut microbiota and immunological responses to trauma. The altered makeup of gut microbes, or gut dysbiosis, can also dysregulate immunological responses, resulting in inflammation. Major human diseases may become more common as a result of chronic dysbiosis and the translocation of bacteria and the products of their metabolism beyond the mucosal barrier. In this review, we briefly summarize the interactions between the gut microbiota and the immune system and human disease and their therapeutic probiotic formulations. We also discuss the immune response to traumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Ullah
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Safia Arbab
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yali Tian
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang-qing Liu
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qijie Li
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ka Li
- Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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5
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Hung I, Liu C, Ren W, Ge L, Wang H. Melatonergic Signaling Sustains Food Allergy Through FcεRI Recycling. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0418. [PMID: 39040920 PMCID: PMC11260513 DOI: 10.34133/research.0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of food allergies is increasing dramatically and causing serious public health concerns. Notably, melatonin metabolism imbalance in patients with food allergies; however, the role of melatonin in food allergies remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that melatonin suppresses food allergy responses and reprograms the gut microbiota of food-allergic mice, while melatonin aggravates food allergy during gut microbiota depletion. Mechanistically, melatonin boosts the degranulation of mast cells by up-regulating the expression of membrane high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor (FcεRI). Melatonin increases the mRNA expression of Rabenosyn-5 (a component of factors for endosome recycling and Rab interactions) through melatonin receptor 2 (MT2)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, thereby driving the recycling of FcεRI and elevating the abundance of membrane FcεRI. Likewise, the inhibition of MT2 attenuates melatonin-induced food allergy in mice with gut microbiota depletion. Collectively, our finding provides insights into the pathogenesis of food allergies and provides a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science,
South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science,
South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ifen Hung
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co. Ltd., Taicang, China
- Joint Laboratory of Functional Nutrition and Animal Health, Centree Bio-tech (Wuhan) Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Chunxue Liu
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co. Ltd., Taicang, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science,
South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs; Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences; Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science,
South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,
Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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6
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Hamilton AM, Blackmer-Raynolds L, Li Y, Kelly S, Kebede N, Williams A, Chang J, Garraway SM, Srinivasan S, Sampson TR. Diet-microbiome interactions promote enteric nervous system resilience following spinal cord injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597793. [PMID: 38895207 PMCID: PMC11185755 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a plethora of physiological dysfunctions across all body systems, including intestinal dysmotility and atrophy of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Typically, the ENS has capacity to recover from perturbation, so it is unclear why intestinal pathophysiologies persist after traumatic spinal injury. With emerging evidence demonstrating SCI-induced alterations to the gut microbiome composition, we hypothesized that modulation of the gut microbiome could contribute to enteric nervous system recovery after injury. Here, we show that intervention with the dietary fiber, inulin prevents ENS atrophy and limits SCI-induced intestinal dysmotility in mice. However, SCI-associated microbiomes and exposure to specific SCI-sensitive gut microbes are not sufficient to modulate injury-induced intestinal dysmotility. Intervention with microbially-derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites prevents ENS dysfunctions and phenocopies inulin treatment in injured mice, implicating these microbiome metabolites in protection of the ENS. Notably, inulin-mediated resilience is dependent on signaling by the cytokine IL-10, highlighting a critical diet-microbiome-immune axis that promotes ENS resilience following SCI. Overall, we demonstrate that diet and microbially-derived signals distinctly impact recovery of the ENS after traumatic spinal injury. This protective diet-microbiome-immune axis may represent a foundation to uncover etiological mechanisms and future therapeutics for SCI-induced neurogenic bowel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Hamilton
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | | | - Yaqing Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Sean Kelly
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Nardos Kebede
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Anna Williams
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Jianjun Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Sandra M. Garraway
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
| | - Timothy R. Sampson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329
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Ahmadi S, Taghizadieh M, Mehdizadehfar E, Hasani A, Khalili Fard J, Feizi H, Hamishehkar H, Ansarin M, Yekani M, Memar MY. Gut microbiota in neurological diseases: Melatonin plays an important regulatory role. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116487. [PMID: 38518598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a highly conserved molecule produced in the human pineal gland as a hormone. It is known for its essential biological effects, such as antioxidant activity, circadian rhythm regulator, and immunomodulatory effects. The gut is one of the primary known sources of melatonin. The gut microbiota helps produce melatonin from tryptophan, and melatonin has been shown to have a beneficial effect on gut barrier function and microbial population. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is associated with bacterial imbalance and decreased beneficial microbial metabolites, including melatonin. In this way, low melatonin levels may be related to several human diseases. Melatonin has shown both preventive and therapeutic effects against various conditions, including neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. This review was aimed to discuss the role of melatonin in the body, and to describe the possible relationship between gut microbiota and melatonin production, as well as the potential therapeutic effects of melatonin on neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ahmadi
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women's Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Mehdizadehfar
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Khalili Fard
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Feizi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology, Aalinasab Hospital, Social Security Organization, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hammed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masood Ansarin
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Yekani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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8
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Tao W, Zhang Y, Wang B, Nie S, Fang L, Xiao J, Wu Y. Advances in molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for central nervous system diseases based on gut microbiota imbalance. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00124-3. [PMID: 38579985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Central nervous system (CNS) diseases pose a serious threat to human health, but the regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of CNS diseases need to be further explored. It has been demonstrated that the gut microbiota (GM) is closely related to CNS disease. GM structure disorders, abnormal microbial metabolites, intestinal barrier destruction and elevated inflammation exist in patients with CNS diseases and promote the development of CNS diseases. More importantly, GM remodeling alleviates CNS pathology to some extent. AIM OF REVIEW Here, we have summarized the regulatory mechanism of the GM in CNS diseases and the potential treatment strategies for CNS repair based on GM regulation, aiming to provide safer and more effective strategies for CNS repair from the perspective of GM regulation. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The abundance and composition of GM is closely associated with the CNS diseases. On the basis of in-depth analysis of GM changes in mice with CNS disease, as well as the changes in its metabolites, therapeutic strategies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and FMT, may be used to regulate GM balance and affect its microbial metabolites, thereby promoting the recovery of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tao
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yanren Zhang
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Bingbin Wang
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Saiqun Nie
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Li Fang
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Yanqing Wu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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9
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Cui Y, Liu J, Lei X, Liu S, Chen H, Wei Z, Li H, Yang Y, Zheng C, Li Z. Dual-directional regulation of spinal cord injury and the gut microbiota. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:548-556. [PMID: 37721283 PMCID: PMC10581592 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota affects the incidence and progression of central nervous system diseases via the brain-gut axis. The spinal cord is a vital important part of the central nervous system; however, the underlying association between spinal cord injury and gut interactions remains unknown. Recent studies suggest that patients with spinal cord injury frequently experience intestinal dysfunction and gut dysbiosis. Alterations in the gut microbiota can cause disruption in the intestinal barrier and trigger neurogenic inflammatory responses which may impede recovery after spinal cord injury. This review summarizes existing clinical and basic research on the relationship between the gut microbiota and spinal cord injury. Our research identified three key points. First, the gut microbiota in patients with spinal cord injury presents a key characteristic and gut dysbiosis may profoundly influence multiple organs and systems in patients with spinal cord injury. Second, following spinal cord injury, weakened intestinal peristalsis, prolonged intestinal transport time, and immune dysfunction of the intestine caused by abnormal autonomic nerve function, as well as frequent antibiotic treatment, may induce gut dysbiosis. Third, the gut microbiota and associated metabolites may act on central neurons and affect recovery after spinal cord injury; cytokines and the Toll-like receptor ligand pathways have been identified as crucial mechanisms in the communication between the gut microbiota and central nervous system. Fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, dietary interventions, and other therapies have been shown to serve a neuroprotective role in spinal cord injury by modulating the gut microbiota. Therapies targeting the gut microbiota or associated metabolites are a promising approach to promote functional recovery and improve the complications of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Cui
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- International Cooperation and Exchange Office, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- International Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongzheng Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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10
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Xi D, Liu P, Feng Y, Teng Y, Liang Y, Zhou J, Deng H, Zeng G, Zong S. Fecal microbiota transplantation regulates the microbiota-gut-spinal cord axis to promote recovery after spinal cord injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111212. [PMID: 37979452 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is devastating for patients, and currently lacks effective treatments. Dysbiosis commonly occurs after SCI and has significant immunomodulatory effects, but its impact on recovery remains unclear. The current study investigated the effects and mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in SCI. FMT was administered in a rat model of SCI and spinal pathology, inflammatory cytokines, and gut microbiome composition were assessed. Flow cytometry identified a source of interleukin (IL)-17 in spinal cord tissues, and carboxyfluorescein succimidyl ester labeling tracked γδ T cell migration. In vitro coculture was used to analyze the regulatory mechanisms of γδ T cells. Seahorse analysis was used to profile dendritic cell (DC) metabolism. Here we show that FMT improved spinal pathology and dampened post-injury inflammation. It also corrected post-SCI dysbiosis, increasing levels of the beneficial bacterium Akkermansia. The therapeutic effects of FMT were mediated by IL-17 produced by γδ T cells. FMT regulated γδ T cells via DC-T regulatory cell interaction, and induced metabolic reprogramming in DCs. These findings suggest that FMT represents a promising therapeutic approach for SCI, with potential to target IL-17+ γδ T cells. Elucidating the interconnected pathways between microbiota, immunity, and the spinal cord may facilitate novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshuang Xi
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, He-nan, China
| | - Yanbing Feng
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yilin Teng
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- College of Public Hygiene of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shaohui Zong
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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11
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DiSabato DJ, Marion CM, Mifflin KA, Alfredo AN, Rodgers KA, Kigerl KA, Popovich PG, McTigue DM. System failure: Systemic inflammation following spinal cord injury. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250274. [PMID: 37822141 PMCID: PMC10919103 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects hundreds of thousands of people in the United States, and while some effects of the injury are broadly recognized (deficits to locomotion, fine motor control, and quality of life), the systemic consequences of SCI are less well-known. The spinal cord regulates systemic immunological and visceral functions; this control is often disrupted by the injury, resulting in viscera including the gut, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and kidneys experiencing local tissue inflammation and physiological dysfunction. The extent of pathology depends on the injury level, severity, and time post-injury. In this review, we describe immunological and metabolic consequences of SCI across several organs. Since infection and metabolic disorders are primary reasons for reduced lifespan after SCI, it is imperative that research continues to focus on these deleterious aspects of SCI to improve life span and quality of life for individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon J. DiSabato
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina M. Marion
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine A. Mifflin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony N. Alfredo
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyleigh A. Rodgers
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristina A. Kigerl
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Phillip G. Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dana M. McTigue
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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12
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Bonmatí-Carrión MÁ, Rol MA. Melatonin as a Mediator of the Gut Microbiota-Host Interaction: Implications for Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:34. [PMID: 38247459 PMCID: PMC10812647 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role played by melatonin on the gut microbiota has gained increasingly greater attention. Additionally, the gut microbiota has been proposed as an alternative source of melatonin, suggesting that this antioxidant indoleamine could act as a sort of messenger between the gut microbiota and the host. This review analyses the available scientific literature about possible mechanisms involved in this mediating role, highlighting its antioxidant effects and influence on this interaction. In addition, we also review the available knowledge on the effects of melatonin on gut microbiota composition, as well as its ability to alleviate dysbiosis related to sleep deprivation or chronodisruptive conditions. The melatonin-gut microbiota relationship has also been discussed in terms of its role in the development of different disorders, from inflammatory or metabolic disorders to psychiatric and neurological conditions, also considering oxidative stress and the reactive oxygen species-scavenging properties of melatonin as the main factors mediating this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Ángeles Bonmatí-Carrión
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, Mare Nostrum Campus, University of Murcia, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Angeles Rol
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, Mare Nostrum Campus, University of Murcia, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Jing Y, Yang D, Bai F, Wang Q, Zhang C, Yan Y, Li Z, Li Y, Chen Z, Li J, Yu Y. Spinal cord injury-induced gut dysbiosis influences neurological recovery partly through short-chain fatty acids. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:99. [PMID: 38092763 PMCID: PMC10719379 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can reshape gut microbial composition, significantly affecting clinical outcomes in SCI patients. However, mechanisms regarding gut-brain interactions and their clinical implications have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), intestinal microbial bioactive metabolites, may significantly affect the gut-brain axis and enhance functional recovery in a mouse model of SCI. We enrolled 59 SCI patients and 27 healthy control subjects and collected samples. Thereafter, gut microbiota and SCFAs were analyzed using 16 S rDNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. We observed an increase in Actinobacteriota abundance and a decrease in Firmicutes abundance. Particularly, the SCFA-producing genera, such as Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Agathobacter were significantly downregulated among SCI patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, SCI induced downregulation of acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), and butyric acid (BA) in the SCI group. Fecal SCFA contents were altered in SCI patients with different injury course and injury segments. Main SCFAs (AA, BA, and PA) were administered in combination to treat SCI mice. SCFA supplementation significantly improved locomotor recovery in SCI mice, enhanced neuronal survival, promoted axonal formation, reduced astrogliosis, and suppressed microglial activation. Furthermore, SCFA supplementation downregulated NF-κB signaling while upregulating neurotrophin-3 expression following SCI. Microbial sequencing and metabolomics analysis showed that SCI patients exhibited a lower level of certain SCFAs and related bacterial strains than healthy controls. SCFA supplementation can reduce inflammation and enhance nourishing elements, facilitating the restoration of neurological tissues and the improvement of functional recuperation. Trial registration: This study was registered in the China Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ) on February 13, 2017 (ChiCTR-RPC-17010621).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Jing
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Degang Yang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Fan Bai
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Qiuying Wang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Shangdong, 276034, China
| | - Yitong Yan
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Zihan Li
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Yan Li
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China.
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jianjun Li
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China.
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China.
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China.
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China.
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14
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Hamad I, Van Broeckhoven J, Cardilli A, Hellings N, Strowig T, Lemmens S, Hendrix S, Kleinewietfeld M. Effects of Recombinant IL-13 Treatment on Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Recovery after Hemisection Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4184. [PMID: 37836468 PMCID: PMC10574124 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the gut-central nervous system axis has emerged as a key factor in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI). Interleukin-13 (IL-13) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in SCI. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in microbiota composition after hemisection injury and to determine whether systemic recombinant (r)IL-13 treatment could alter the gut microbiome, indirectly promoting functional recovery. The gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and correlations between gut microbiota alterations and functional recovery were assessed. Our results showed that there were no changes in alpha diversity between the groups before and after SCI, while PERMANOVA analysis for beta diversity showed significant differences in fecal microbial communities. Phylogenetic classification of bacterial families revealed a lower abundance of the Bacteroidales S24-7 group and a higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae in the post-SCI group. Systemic rIL-13 treatment improved functional recovery 28 days post-injury and microbiota analysis revealed increased relative abundance of Clostridiales vadin BB60 and Acetitomaculum and decreased Anaeroplasma, Ruminiclostridium_6, and Ruminococcus compared to controls. Functional assessment with PICRUSt showed that genes related to glyoxylate cycle and palmitoleate biosynthesis-I were the predominant signatures in the rIL-13-treated group, whereas sulfolactate degradation super pathway and formaldehyde assimilation-I were enriched in controls. In conclusion, our results indicate that rIL-13 treatment promotes changes in gut microbial communities and may thereby contribute indirectly to the improvement of functional recovery in mice, possibly having important implications for the development of novel treatment options for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Hamad
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium (A.C.)
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Jana Van Broeckhoven
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Alessio Cardilli
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium (A.C.)
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Niels Hellings
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lemmens
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium (A.C.)
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.V.B.); (N.H.)
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15
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Yi X, Cai R, Shaoyong W, Wang G, Yan W, He Z, Li R, Chao M, Zhao T, Deng L, Yang G, Pang W. Melatonin promotes gut anti-oxidative status in perinatal rat by remodeling the gut microbiome. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102829. [PMID: 37527604 PMCID: PMC10407234 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut health is important for nutrition absorption, reproduction, and lactation in perinatal and early weaned mammals. Although melatonin functions in maintaining circadian rhythms and preventing obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections, its impact on the gut microbiome and its function in mediating gut health through gut microbiota remain largely unexplored. In the present study, the microbiome of rats was monitoring after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and foster care (FC). The results showed that FMT and FC increased intestinal villus height/crypt depth in perinatal rats. Mechanistically, the melatonin-mediated remodeling of gut microbiota inhibited oxidative stress, which led to attenuation of autophagy and inflammation. In addition, FMT and FC encouraged the growth of more beneficial intestinal bacteria, such as Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibaculum, which produce more short-chain fatty acids to strengthen intestinal anti-oxidation. These findings suggest that melatonin-treated gut microbiota increase the production of SCFAs, which improve gut health by reducing oxidative stress, autophagy and inflammation. The transfer of melatonin-treated gut microbiota may be a new and effective method by which to ameliorate gut health in perinatal and weaned mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Weike Shaoyong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guoyan Wang
- Innovative Research Team of Animal Nutrition & Healthy Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenyong Yan
- Innovative Research Team of Animal Nutrition & Healthy Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhaozhao He
- Innovative Research Team of Animal Nutrition & Healthy Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ri Li
- Innovative Research Team of Animal Nutrition & Healthy Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mingkun Chao
- Innovative Research Team of Animal Nutrition & Healthy Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Innovative Research Team of Animal Nutrition & Healthy Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lu Deng
- Innovative Research Team of Animal Nutrition & Healthy Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Weijun Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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16
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Xie L, Wu H, Huang X, Yu T. Melatonin, a natural antioxidant therapy in spinal cord injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1218553. [PMID: 37691830 PMCID: PMC10485268 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1218553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a sudden onset of disruption to the spinal neural tissue, leading to loss of motor control and sensory function of the body. Oxidative stress is considered a hallmark in SCI followed by a series of events, including inflammation and cellular apoptosis. Melatonin was originally discovered as a hormone produced by the pineal gland. The subcellular localization of melatonin has been identified in mitochondria, exhibiting specific onsite protection to excess mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and working as an antioxidant in diseases. The recent discovery regarding the molecular basis of ligand selectivity for melatonin receptors and the constant efforts on finding synthetic melatonin alternatives have drawn researchers' attention back to melatonin. This review outlines the application of melatonin in SCI, including 1) the relationship between the melatonin rhythm and SCI in clinic; 2) the neuroprotective role of melatonin in experimental traumatic and ischemia/reperfusion SCI, i.e., exhibiting anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis effects, facilitating the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier, ameliorating edema, preventing neural death, reducing scar formation, and promoting axon regeneration and neuroplasticity; 3) protecting gut microbiota and peripheral organs; 4) synergizing with drugs, rehabilitation training, stem cell therapy, and biomedical material engineering; and 5) the potential side effects. This comprehensive review provides new insights on melatonin as a natural antioxidant therapy in facilitating rehabilitation in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Hang Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
- Shandong Institute of Traumatic Orthopedics, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
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17
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Munley JA, Kirkpatrick SL, Gillies GS, Bible LE, Efron PA, Nagpal R, Mohr AM. The Intestinal Microbiome after Traumatic Injury. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1990. [PMID: 37630549 PMCID: PMC10459834 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome plays a critical role in host immune function and homeostasis. Patients suffering from-as well as models representing-multiple traumatic injuries, isolated organ system trauma, and various severities of traumatic injury have been studied as an area of interest in the dysregulation of immune function and systemic inflammation which occur after trauma. These studies also demonstrate changes in gut microbiome diversity and even microbial composition, with a transition to a pathobiome state. In addition, sex has been identified as a biological variable influencing alterations in the microbiome after trauma. Therapeutics such as fecal transplantation have been utilized to ameliorate not only these microbiome changes but may also play a role in recovery postinjury. This review summarizes the alterations in the gut microbiome that occur postinjury, either in isolated injury or multiple injuries, along with proposed mechanisms for these changes and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Munley
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Stacey L. Kirkpatrick
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Gwendolyn S. Gillies
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Letitia E. Bible
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Philip A. Efron
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University College of Health and Human Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Alicia M. Mohr
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.A.M.); (S.L.K.); (G.S.G.); (L.E.B.); (P.A.E.)
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18
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Sun Y, Wang S, Liu B, Hu W, Zhu Y. Host-Microbiome Interactions: Tryptophan Metabolism and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptors after Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10820. [PMID: 37445997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury refers to the damage caused to intracranial tissues by an external force acting on the head, leading to both immediate and prolonged harmful effects. Neuroinflammatory responses play a critical role in exacerbating the primary injury during the acute and chronic phases of TBI. Research has demonstrated that numerous neuroinflammatory responses are mediated through the "microbiota-gut-brain axis," which signifies the functional connection between the gut microbiota and the brain. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a vital role in facilitating communication between the host and microbiota through recognizing specific ligands produced directly or indirectly by the microbiota. Tryptophan (trp), an indispensable amino acid in animals and humans, represents one of the key endogenous ligands for AhR. The metabolites of trp have significant effects on the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) through activating AHR signalling, thereby establishing bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain. These interactions are mediated through immune, metabolic, and neural signalling mechanisms. In this review, we emphasize the co-metabolism of tryptophan in the gut microbiota and the signalling pathway mediated by AHR following TBI. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of these mechanisms on the underlying processes involved in traumatic brain injury, while also addressing potential future targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Bingwei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
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19
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Raue KD, David BT, Fessler RG. Spinal Cord-Gut-Immune Axis and its Implications Regarding Therapeutic Development for Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:793-806. [PMID: 36509451 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects ∼1,300,000 people living in the United States. Most research efforts have been focused on reversing paralysis, as this is arguably the most defining feature of SCI. The damage caused by SCI, however, extends past paralysis and includes other debilitating outcomes including immune dysfunction and gut dysbiosis. Recent efforts are now investigating the pathophysiology of and developing therapies for these more distal manifestations of SCI. One exciting avenue is the spinal cord-gut-immune axis, which proposes that gut dysbiosis amplifies lesion inflammation and impairs SCI recovery. This review will highlight the most recent findings regarding gut and immune dysfunction following SCI, and discuss how the central nervous system (CNS), gut, and immune system all coalesce to form a bidirectional axis that can impact SCI recovery. Finally, important considerations regarding how the spinal cord-gut-immune axis fits within the larger framework of therapeutic development (i.e., probiotics, fecal transplants, dietary modifications) will be discussed, emphasizing the lack of interdepartmental investigation and the missed opportunity to maximize therapeutic benefit in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D Raue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian T David
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard G Fessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kong G, Zhang W, Zhang S, Chen J, He K, Zhang C, Yuan X, Xie B. The gut microbiota and metabolite profiles are altered in patients with spinal cord injury. Mol Brain 2023; 16:26. [PMID: 36803646 PMCID: PMC9940348 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolites secreted by the gut microbiota may play an essential role in microbiota-gut-central nervous system crosstalk. In this study, we explored the changes occurring in the gut microbiota and their metabolites in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and analyzed the correlations among them. METHODS The structure and composition of the gut microbiota derived from fecal samples collected from patients with SCI (n = 11) and matched control individuals (n = 10) were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, an untargeted metabolomics approach was used to compare the serum metabolite profiles of both groups. Meanwhile, the association among serum metabolites, the gut microbiota, and clinical parameters (including injury duration and neurological grade) was also analyzed. Finally, metabolites with the potential for use in the treatment of SCI were identified based on the differential metabolite abundance analysis. RESULTS The composition of the gut microbiota was different between patients with SCI and healthy controls. At the genus level, compared with the control group, the abundance of UBA1819, Anaerostignum, Eggerthella, and Enterococcus was significantly increased in the SCI group, whereas that of Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Escherichia-Shigella, Agathobacter, Collinsella, Dorea, Ruminococcus, Fusicatenibacter, and Eubacterium was decreased. Forty-one named metabolites displayed significant differential abundance between SCI patients and healthy controls, including 18 that were upregulated and 23 that were downregulated. Correlation analysis further indicated that the variation in gut microbiota abundance was associated with changes in serum metabolite levels, suggesting that gut dysbiosis is an important cause of metabolic disorders in SCI. Finally, gut dysbiosis and serum metabolite dysregulation was found to be associated with injury duration and severity of motor dysfunction after SCI. CONCLUSIONS We present a comprehensive landscape of the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles in patients with SCI and provide evidence that their interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of SCI. Furthermore, our findings suggested that uridine, hypoxanthine, PC(18:2/0:0), and kojic acid may be important therapeutic targets for the treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kejun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Changming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bazhong Central Hospital, Bazhong, China
| | - Baoshu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Liu F, Huang Y, Wang H. Rodent Models of Spinal Cord Injury: From Pathology to Application. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:340-361. [PMID: 36303082 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often has devastating consequences for the patient's physical, mental and occupational health. At present, there is no effective treatment for SCI, and appropriate animal models are very important for studying the pathological manifestations, injury mechanisms, and corresponding treatment. However, the pathological changes in each injury model are different, which creates difficulties in selecting appropriate models for different research purposes. In this article, we analyze various SCI models and introduce their pathological features, including inflammation, glial scar formation, axon regeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and oxidative stress, and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each model, which is convenient for selecting suitable models for different injury mechanisms to study therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuze Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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Willman J, Willman M, Reddy R, Fusco A, Sriram S, Mehkri Y, Charles J, Goeckeritz J, Lucke-Wold B. Gut microbiome and neurosurgery: Implications for treatment. CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL DISCOVERY 2022; 2:e139. [PMID: 36268259 PMCID: PMC9577538 DOI: 10.1002/ctd2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the gut-brain axis (GBA), its impact on neurosurgery, and its implications for future treatment. Background An abundance of research has established the existence of a collection of pathways between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS), commonly known as the GBA. Complicating this relationship, the gut microbiome bacterial diversity appears to change with age, antibiotic exposure and a number of external and internal factors. Methods In this paper, we present the current understanding of the key protective and deleterious roles the gut microbiome plays in the pathogenesis of several common neurosurgical concerns. Results Specifically, we examine how spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury and stroke may cause gut microbial dysbiosis. Furthermore, this link appears to be bidirectional as gut dysbiosis contributes to secondary CNS injury in each of these ailment settings. This toxic cycle may be broken, and the future secondary damage rescued by timely, therapeutic, gut microbiome modification. In addition, a robust gut microbiome appears to improve outcomes in brain tumour treatment. There are several primary routes by which microbiome dysbiosis may be ameliorated, including faecal microbiota transplant, oral probiotics, bacteriophages, genetic modification of gut microbiota and vagus nerve stimulation. Conclusion The GBA represents an important component of patient care in the field of neurosurgery. Future research may illuminate ideal methods of therapeutic microbiome modulation in distinct pathogenic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Willman
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew Willman
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ramya Reddy
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anna Fusco
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sai Sriram
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yusuf Mehkri
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jude Charles
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joel Goeckeritz
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Iesanu MI, Zahiu CDM, Dogaru IA, Chitimus DM, Pircalabioru GG, Voiculescu SE, Isac S, Galos F, Pavel B, O’Mahony SM, Zagrean AM. Melatonin-Microbiome Two-Sided Interaction in Dysbiosis-Associated Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2244. [PMID: 36421432 PMCID: PMC9686962 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pineal indolamine, allegedly known as a circadian rhythm regulator, and an antioxidative and immunomodulatory molecule. In both experimental and clinical trials, melatonin has been shown to have positive effects in various pathologies, as a modulator of important biochemical pathways including inflammation, oxidative stress, cell injury, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. The gut represents one of melatonin's most abundant extra pineal sources, with a 400-times-higher concentration than the pineal gland. The importance of the gut microbial community-namely, the gut microbiota, in multiple critical functions of the organism- has been extensively studied throughout time, and its imbalance has been associated with a variety of human pathologies. Recent studies highlight a possible gut microbiota-modulating role of melatonin, with possible implications for the treatment of these pathologies. Consequently, melatonin might prove to be a valuable and versatile therapeutic agent, as it is well known to elicit positive functions on the microbiota in many dysbiosis-associated conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, chronodisruption-induced dysbiosis, obesity, and neuropsychiatric disorders. This review intends to lay the basis for a deeper comprehension of melatonin, gut microbiota, and host-health subtle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Ioana Iesanu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Children’s Hospital, 041451 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Denise Mihaela Zahiu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana-Alexandra Dogaru
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Maria Chitimus
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Section Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Suzana Elena Voiculescu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sebastian Isac
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Felicia Galos
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Children’s Hospital, 041451 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Pavel
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Siobhain M. O’Mahony
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana-Maria Zagrean
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Zhang Y, Lang R, Guo S, Luo X, Li H, Liu C, Dong W, Bao C, Yu Y. Intestinal microbiota and melatonin in the treatment of secondary injury and complications after spinal cord injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:981772. [PMID: 36440294 PMCID: PMC9682189 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.981772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease that can cause sensory and motor impairment below the level of injury. Currently, the treatment scheme for SCI mainly focuses on secondary injury and complications. Recent studies have shown that SCI leads to an imbalance of intestinal microbiota and the imbalance is also associated with complications after SCI, possibly through the microbial-brain-gut axis. Melatonin is secreted in many parts of the body including pineal gland and gut, effectively protecting the spinal cord from secondary damage. The secretion of melatonin is affected by circadian rhythms, known as the dark light cycle, and SCI would also cause dysregulation of melatonin secretion. In addition, melatonin is closely related to the intestinal microbiota, which protects the barrier function of the gut through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and increases the abundance of intestinal microbiota by influencing the metabolism of the intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiota can influence melatonin formation by regulating tryptophan and serotonin metabolism. This paper summarizes and reviews the knowledge on the relationship among intestinal microbiota, melatonin, and SCI in recent years, to provide new theories and ideas for clinical research related to SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shunyu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cencen Liu
- Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of Zhongjiang County, Deyang, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Changshun Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Neurological Diseases and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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25
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Zheng Z, Wang S, Wu C, Cao Y, Gu Q, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Hu W. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis after Traumatic Brain Injury Contributes to Persistent Microglial Activation Associated with Upregulated Lyz2 and Shifted Tryptophan Metabolic Phenotype. Nutrients 2022; 14:3467. [PMID: 36079724 PMCID: PMC9459947 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of disability and mortality, affecting millions of people every year. The neuroinflammation and immune response post-TBI initially have neuroprotective and reparative effects, but prolonged neuroinflammation leads to secondary injury and increases the risk of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Persistent microglial activation plays a critical role in chronic neuroinflammation post-TBI. Given the bidirectional communication along the brain-gut axis, it is plausible to suppose that gut microbiota dysbiosis post-TBI influences microglial activation. In the present study, hippocampal microglial activation was observed at 7 days and 28 days post-TBI. However, in TBI mice with a depletion of gut microbiota, microglia were activated at 7 days post-TBI, but not at 28 days post-TBI, indicating that gut microbiota contributes to the long-term activation of microglia post-TBI. In addition, in conventional mice colonized by the gut microbiota of TBI mice using fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), microglial activation was observed at 28 days post-TBI, but not at 7 days post-TBI, supporting the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in persistent microglial activation post-TBI. The RNA sequencing of the hippocampus identified a microglial activation gene, Lyz2, which kept upregulation post-TBI. This persistent upregulation was inhibited by oral antibiotics and partly induced by FMT. 16s rRNA gene sequencing showed that the composition and function of gut microbiota shifted over time post-TBI with progressive dysbiosis, and untargeted metabolomics profiling revealed that the tryptophan metabolic phenotype was differently reshaped at 7 days and 28 days post-TBI, which may play a role in the persistent upregulation of Lyz2 and the activation of microglia. This study implicates that gut microbiota and Lyz2 are potential targets for the development of novel strategies to address persistent microglial activation and chronic neuroinflammation post-TBI, and further investigations are warranted to elucidate the specific mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chenghao Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Qiao Gu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Secondary Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
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He N, Shen G, Jin X, Li H, Wang J, Xu L, Chen J, Cao X, Fu C, Shi D, Song X, Liu S, Li Y, Zhao T, Li J, Zhong J, Shen Y, Zheng M, Chen YY, Wang LL. Resveratrol suppressed microglia activation and promoted functional recovery of traumatic spinal cord via improving intestinal microbiota. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hamilton AM, Sampson TR. Traumatic spinal cord injury and the contributions of the post-injury microbiome. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 167:251-290. [PMID: 36427958 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries are an enormous burden on injured individuals and their caregivers. The pathophysiological effects of injury are not limited to the spine and limb function, but affect numerous body systems. Growing observations in human studies and experimental models suggest that the gut microbiome is altered following spinal cord injury. Given the importance of signals derived from the gut microbiome for host physiology, it is possible that injury-triggered dysbiosis subsequently affects aspects of recovery. Here, we review emerging literature on the role of the microbiome following spinal cord injury. Specifically, we highlight findings from both human and experimental studies that correlate taxonomic changes to aspects of injury recovery. Examination of both observational and emerging interventional studies supports the notion that future therapeutic avenues for spinal cord injury pathologies may lie at the interface of the host and indigenous microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Hamilton
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Timothy R Sampson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Jing Y, Bai F, Wang L, Yang D, Yan Y, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Yu Y, Chen Z. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in a Mouse Spinal Cord Injury Model by Modulating the Microenvironment at the Lesion Site. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0017722. [PMID: 35467388 PMCID: PMC9241636 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00177-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary traumatic event that causes spinal cord injury (SCI) is followed by a progressive secondary injury featured by vascular disruption and ischemia, inflammatory responses and the release of cytotoxic debris, which collectively add to the hostile microenvironment of the lesioned cord and inhibit tissue regeneration and functional recovery. In a previous study, we reported that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) promotes functional recovery in a contusion SCI mouse model; yet whether and how FMT treatment may impact the microenvironment at the injury site are not well known. In the current study, we examined individual niche components and investigated the effects of FMT on microcirculation, inflammation and trophic factor secretion in the spinal cord of SCI mice. FMT treatment significantly improved spinal cord tissue sparing, vascular perfusion and pericyte coverage and blood-spinal cord-barrier (BSCB) integrity, suppressed the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and enhanced the secretion of neurotrophic factors. Suppression of inflammation and upregulation of trophic factors, jointly, may rebalance the niche homeostasis at the injury site and render it favorable for reparative and regenerative processes, eventually leading to functional recovery. Furthermore, microbiota metabolic profiling revealed that amino acids including β-alanine constituted a major part of the differentially detected metabolites between the groups. Supplementation of β-alanine in SCI mice reduced BSCB permeability and increased the number of surviving neurons, suggesting that β-alanine may be one of the mediators of FMT that participates in the modulation and rebalancing of the microenvironment at the injured spinal cord. IMPORTANCE FMT treatment shows a profound impact on the microenvironment that involves microcirculation, blood-spinal cord-barrier, activation of immune cells, and secretion of neurotrophic factors. Analysis of metabolic profiles reveals around 22 differentially detected metabolites between the groups, and β-alanine was further chosen for functional validation experiments. Supplementation of SCI mice with β-alanine significantly improves neuronal survival, and the integrity of blood-spinal cord-barrier at the lesion site, suggesting that β-alanine might be one of the mediators following FMT that has contributed to the recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Jing
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Bai
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Limiao Wang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Degang Yang
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitong Yan
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuying Wang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Huang R, Wu F, Zhou Q, Wei W, Yue J, Xiao B, Luo Z. Lactobacillus and intestinal diseases: mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Li R, Wang F, Dang S, Yao M, Zhang W, Wang J. Integrated 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and Metabolomics Analysis to Investigate the Important Role of Osthole on Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolites in Neuropathic Pain Mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:813626. [PMID: 35197864 PMCID: PMC8860327 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.813626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that neuropathic pain (NP) is closely connected to the metabolic disorder of gut microbiota, and natural products could relieve NP by regulating gut microbiota. The purpose of this study is to investigate the important regulatory effects of osthole on gut microbiota and serum metabolites in mice with chronic constriction injury (CCI). Mice's intestinal contents and serum metabolites were collected from the sham group, CCI group, and osthole treatment CCI group. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was analyzed, based on Illumina NovaSeq platform, and ANOVA analysis were used to analyze the composition variety and screen differential expression of intestinal bacteria in the three groups. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used for analyzing the data obtained from serum specimens, and KEGG enrichment analysis was used to identify pathways of differential metabolites in the treatment of neuralgia mice. Furthermore, the Pearson method and Cytoscape soft were used to analyze the correlation network of differential metabolites, gut microbiota, and disease genes. The analysis results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing displayed that Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobia were highly correlated with NP after osthole treatment at the phylum level. Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae_unclassified, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Clostridiales_unclassified exhibited higher relative abundance and were considered important microbial members at genus level in neuralgia mice. Serum metabolomics results showed that 131 metabolites were considered to be significantly different in the CCI group compared to the sham group, and 44 metabolites were significantly expressed between the osthole treatment group and the CCI group. At the same time, we found that 29 differential metabolites in the two comparison groups were overlapping. Integrated analysis results showed that many intestinal microorganisms and metabolites have a strong positive correlation. The correlation network diagram displays that 10 genes were involved in the process of osthole alleviating NP through a metabolic pathway and gut microbiota, including IGF2, GDAP1, MYLK, IL18, CD55, MIR331, FHIT, F3, ERBB4, and ITGB3. Our findings have preliminarily confirmed that NP is closely related to metabolism and intestinal microbial imbalance, and osthole can improve the metabolic disorder of NP by acting on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shajie Dang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Minna Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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31
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Yuan B, Lu XJ, Wu Q. Gut Microbiota and Acute Central Nervous System Injury: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention. Front Immunol 2022; 12:800796. [PMID: 35003127 PMCID: PMC8740048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.800796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and spinal cord injury (SCI), are the common causes of death or lifelong disabilities. Research into the role of the gut microbiota in modulating CNS function has been rapidly increasing in the past few decades, particularly in animal models. Growing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that gut microbiota is involved in the modulation of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms fundamental to the progression of acute CNS injury-induced pathophysiological processes. The altered composition of gut microbiota after acute CNS injury damages the equilibrium of the bidirectional gut-brain axis, aggravating secondary brain injury, cognitive impairments, and motor dysfunctions, which leads to poor prognosis by triggering pro-inflammatory responses in both peripheral circulation and CNS. This review summarizes the studies concerning gut microbiota and acute CNS injuries. Experimental models identify a bidirectional communication between the gut and CNS in post-injury gut dysbiosis, intestinal lymphatic tissue-mediated neuroinflammation, and bacterial-metabolite-associated neurotransmission. Additionally, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and prebiotics manipulating the gut microbiota can be used as effective therapeutic agents to alleviate secondary brain injury and facilitate functional outcomes. The role of gut microbiota in acute CNS injury would be an exciting frontier in clinical and experimental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Valido E, Bertolo A, Fränkl GP, Itodo OA, Pinheiro T, Pannek J, Kopp-Heim D, Glisic M, Stoyanov J. Systematic review of the changes in the microbiome following spinal cord injury: animal and human evidence. Spinal Cord 2022; 60:288-300. [PMID: 34992210 PMCID: PMC8989678 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-021-00737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Study design Systematic review. Objectives To investigate the changes in the microbiome among human and animal populations with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Four databases (EMBASE, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Trials (CENTRAL)) and Google Scholar were searched. No language restrictions were applied. Data extraction was done in parallel and independently by two reviewers. The search was last conducted on 07 April 2021. Results There were 6869 studies retrieved, 43 full-text studies reviewed, and 19 studies included. There were seven animal gut studies, six human gut studies, and six urinary tract studies identified. There were no publications found on other body sites. Among the included studies, we observed a consistent and significant difference in gut microbiome composition between populations with SCI and able-bodied populations. This is characterized by a decrease in beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria (Faecalbacterium, Megamonas, Roseburia) and an increase in inflammation-associated bacteria (Alistipes, Anaerotruncus, and Lachnoclostridium). On the other hand, the urine of individuals with SCI was polymicrobial and members of Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) were frequently observed. Probiotics were shown to induce a significant but transient shift in the urinary tract microbiome. The studies had low to moderate risks of bias. Conclusions There are limited studies on the changes in microbiome among SCI populations. The gut microbiome was characterized by bacterial profiles associated with chronic inflammation and metabolic disorder while the studies of the urinary tract microbiome show the dominance of bacterial genera associated with urinary tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Valido
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland. .,Department of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
| | - Alessandro Bertolo
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Bern, Bern Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gion Philip Fränkl
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oche Adam Itodo
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tainá Pinheiro
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Pannek
- Neuro-Urology, Swiss Paraplegic Center, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Doris Kopp-Heim
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Public Health & Primary Care Library, University Library of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marija Glisic
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jivko Stoyanov
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Therapeutic potential of melatonin in colorectal cancer: Focus on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166281. [PMID: 34610472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies. The occurrence and development of CRC are complicated processes. Obesity and dysbacteriosis have been increasingly regarded as the main risk factors for CRC. Understanding the etiology of CRC from multiple perspectives is conducive to screening for some potential drugs or new treatment strategies to limit the serious side effects of conventional treatment and prolong the survival of CRC patients. Melatonin, a natural indoleamine, is mainly produced by the pineal gland, but it is also abundant in other tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, retina, testes, lymphocytes, and Harder's glands. Melatonin could participate in lipid metabolism by regulating adipogenesis and lipolysis. Additionally, many studies have focused on the potential beneficial effects of melatonin in CRC, such as promotion of apoptosis; inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; antioxidant activity; and immune regulation. Meaningfully, gut microbiota is the main determinant of all aspects of health and disease (including obesity and tumorigenesis). The gut microbiota is of great significance for understanding the relationship between obesity and increased risk of CRC. Although the current understanding of how the melatonin-mediated gut microbiota coordinates a variety of physiological and pathological activities is fairly comprehensive, there are still many unknown topics to be explored in the face of a complex nutritional status and a changeable microbiota. This review summarizes the potential links among melatonin, lipid metabolism, gut microbiota, and CRC to promote the development of melatonin as a preventive and therapeutic agent for CRC.
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Lukacova N, Kisucka A, Kiss Bimbova K, Bacova M, Ileninova M, Kuruc T, Galik J. Glial-Neuronal Interactions in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13577. [PMID: 34948371 PMCID: PMC8708227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits an acute inflammatory response which comprises numerous cell populations. It is driven by the immediate response of macrophages and microglia, which triggers activation of genes responsible for the dysregulated microenvironment within the lesion site and in the spinal cord parenchyma immediately adjacent to the lesion. Recently published data indicate that microglia induces astrocyte activation and determines the fate of astrocytes. Conversely, astrocytes have the potency to trigger microglial activation and control their cellular functions. Here we review current information about the release of diverse signaling molecules (pro-inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory) in individual cell phenotypes (microglia, astrocytes, blood inflammatory cells) in acute and subacute SCI stages, and how they contribute to delayed neuronal death in the surrounding spinal cord tissue which is spared and functional but reactive. In addition, temporal correlation in progressive degeneration of neurons and astrocytes and their functional interactions after SCI are discussed. Finally, the review highlights the time-dependent transformation of reactive microglia and astrocytes into their neuroprotective phenotypes (M2a, M2c and A2) which are crucial for spontaneous post-SCI locomotor recovery. We also provide suggestions on how to modulate the inflammation and discuss key therapeutic approaches leading to better functional outcome after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Lukacova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4–6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (A.K.); (K.K.B.); (M.B.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (J.G.)
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Rong Z, Huang Y, Cai H, Chen M, Wang H, Liu G, Zhang Z, Wu J. Gut Microbiota Disorders Promote Inflammation and Aggravate Spinal Cord Injury Through the TLR4/MyD88 Signaling Pathway. Front Nutr 2021; 8:702659. [PMID: 34589510 PMCID: PMC8473614 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.702659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In spinal cord injury (SCI), systemic inflammation and the death of nerve cells in the spinal cord are life threatening. The connection between gut microbiota and signaling pathways has been a hot research topic in recent years. The Toll-like receptor 4/Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (TLR4/MyD88) signaling pathway is closely related to the inflammatory response. This study explored whether the gut microbiota imbalance could affect the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway to regulate SCI to provide a new basis for SCI research and treatment. Methods: An SCI model was constructed to study the influence on the injury of gut microbiota. 16S amplicon sequencing was used to identify the diversity and abundance of gut microbes. Fecal microbiota transplantation was performed in mice with SCI. ELISA was used to detect the serum levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe SCI in mice. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the rates of loss glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) in the spinal cord as indicators of apoptosis. The expression of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway was detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results: Significant differences were observed in the gut microbiota of SCI mice and normal mice. The gut microbiota of SCI mice was imbalanced. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in SCI mice were increased, as was the level of the toxic induced nitric oxide synthase. The levels of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4, transforming growth factor-β, and IL-10 were decreased, as was the level of arginase-1. The apoptosis rates of GFAP, NeuN, and IBA1 were increased. The TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway was activated. In the SCI group, inflammation increased after fecal transplantation, apoptosis of GFAP, NeuN, and IBA1 increased, and SCI was more serious. Conclusion: The TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway promotes the death of nerve cells by inducing inflammation. Gut microbiota dysregulation can lead to aggravated SCI by activating the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.,Orthopaedic Institute, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Yuliang Huang
- Orthopaedic Institute, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Honghua Cai
- Department of Spine Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.,Orthopaedic Institute, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.,Orthopaedic Institute, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.,Orthopaedic Institute, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.,Orthopaedic Institute, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- Orthopaedic Institute, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen Longhua Clinical Medical College of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Peripheral Immune Dysfunction: A Problem of Central Importance after Spinal Cord Injury. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090928. [PMID: 34571804 PMCID: PMC8470244 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Spinal cord injury can result in an increased vulnerability to infections, but until recently the biological mechanisms behind this observation were not well defined. Immunosuppression and concurrent sustained peripheral inflammation after spinal cord injury have been observed in preclinical and clinical studies, now termed spinal cord injury-induced immune depression syndrome. Recent research indicates a key instigator of this immune dysfunction is altered sympathetic input to lymphoid organs, such as the spleen, resulting in a wide array of secondary effects that can, in turn, exacerbate immune pathology. In this review, we discuss what we know about immune dysfunction after spinal cord injury, why it occurs, and how we might treat it. Abstract Individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) exhibit increased susceptibility to infection, with pneumonia consistently ranking as a leading cause of death. Despite this statistic, chronic inflammation and concurrent immune suppression have only recently begun to be explored mechanistically. Investigators have now identified numerous changes that occur in the peripheral immune system post-SCI, including splenic atrophy, reduced circulating lymphocytes, and impaired lymphocyte function. These effects stem from maladaptive changes in the spinal cord after injury, including plasticity within the spinal sympathetic reflex circuit that results in exaggerated sympathetic output in response to peripheral stimulation below injury level. Such pathological activity is particularly evident after a severe high-level injury above thoracic spinal cord segment 6, greatly increasing the risk of the development of sympathetic hyperreflexia and subsequent disrupted regulation of lymphoid organs. Encouragingly, studies have presented evidence for promising therapies, such as modulation of neuroimmune activity, to improve regulation of peripheral immune function. In this review, we summarize recent publications examining (1) how various immune functions and populations are affected, (2) mechanisms behind SCI-induced immune dysfunction, and (3) potential interventions to improve SCI individuals’ immunological function to strengthen resistance to potentially deadly infections.
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Spinal cord injury in mice impacts central and peripheral pathology in a severity-dependent manner. Pain 2021; 163:1172-1185. [PMID: 34490852 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic pain is a common medical complication experienced by those living with spinal cord injury (SCI) and leads to worsened quality of life. The pathophysiology of SCI pain is poorly understood, hampering the development of safe and efficacious therapeutics. We therefore sought to develop a clinically relevant model of SCI with a strong pain phenotype and characterize the central and peripheral pathology after injury. A contusion (50 kdyn) injury, with and without sustained compression (60 seconds) of the spinal cord, was carried out on female C57BL/6J mice. Mice with compression of the spinal cord exhibited significantly greater heat and mechanical hypersensitivity starting at 7 days post-injury, concomitant with reduced locomotor function, compared to those without compression. Immunohistochemical analysis of spinal cord tissue revealed significantly less myelin sparing and increased macrophage activation in mice with compression compared to those without. As measured by flow cytometry, immune cell infiltration and activation were significantly greater in the spinal cord (phagocytic myeloid cells and microglia) and dorsal root ganglia (Ly6C+ monocytes) following compression injury. We also decided to investigate the gastrointestinal microbiome, as it has been shown to be altered in SCI patients and has recently been shown to play a role in immune system maturation and pain. We found increased dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiome in an injury severity-dependent manner. The use of this contusion-compression model of SCI may help advance the preclinical assessment of acute and chronic SCI pain and lead to a better understanding of mechanisms contributing to this pain.
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Yi H, Wang Y. A meta-analysis of exosome in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:1043-1060. [PMID: 34307887 PMCID: PMC8284334 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Context There are no recommended therapeutic agents for acute spinal cord injury (SCI) due to the pathophysiological complexity of the injury. Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of various exosomes and potential factors impacting the efficacy of exosomes. Methods We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases to systematically collect articles comparing the locomotor function of SCI rodents undergoing exosome treatment and untreated SCI rodents. No language was preferred. Results Pooled analysis revealed that the locomotor function recovery of SCI rodents receiving exosomes was greatly improved (583 rats, 3.12, 95% CI: 2.56–3.67, p < 0.01; 116 mice, 2.46, 95% CI: 1.20–3.72, p < 0.01) compared to those of control rodents. The trial sequential analysis demonstrated the findings of the meta-analysis with the cumulative Z-curve crossing the upper monitoring boundary for the benefit and reaching the adjusted required information size. However, the origin of the exosome, SCI model, and administration method determined the therapeutic effect to some extent. Conclusions Despite the proven therapeutic effects of exosomes on SCI rodents, the results should be interpreted cautiously considering the diversity in vivo and in vitro in relation to future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Yi
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107, YanJiang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, GuangDong Province, 510000, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, GuangDong Province, 510000, China
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Laborda-Illanes A, Sánchez-Alcoholado L, Boutriq S, Plaza-Andrades I, Peralta-Linero J, Alba E, González-González A, Queipo-Ortuño MI. A New Paradigm in the Relationship between Melatonin and Breast Cancer: Gut Microbiota Identified as a Potential Regulatory Agent. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3141. [PMID: 34201776 PMCID: PMC8269379 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we summarize a possible connection between gut microbiota, melatonin production, and breast cancer. An imbalance in gut bacterial population composition (dysbiosis), or changes in the production of melatonin (circadian disruption) alters estrogen levels. On the one hand, this may be due to the bacterial composition of estrobolome, since bacteria with β-glucuronidase activity favour estrogens in a deconjugated state, which may ultimately lead to pathologies, including breast cancer. On the other hand, it has been shown that these changes in intestinal microbiota stimulate the kynurenine pathway, moving tryptophan away from the melatonergic pathway, thereby reducing circulating melatonin levels. Due to the fact that melatonin has antiestrogenic properties, it affects active and inactive estrogen levels. These changes increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Additionally, melatonin stimulates the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes, which have low estrogen levels due to the fact that adipocytes do not express aromatase. Consequently, melatonin also reduces the risk of breast cancer. However, more studies are needed to determine the relationship between microbiota, melatonin, and breast cancer, in addition to clinical trials to confirm the sensitizing effects of melatonin to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and its ability to ameliorate or prevent the side effects of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Laborda-Illanes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (M.I.Q.-O.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (M.I.Q.-O.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Soukaina Boutriq
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (M.I.Q.-O.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Isaac Plaza-Andrades
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (M.I.Q.-O.)
| | - Jesús Peralta-Linero
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (M.I.Q.-O.)
| | - Emilio Alba
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (M.I.Q.-O.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (Ciberonc CB16/12/00481), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia González-González
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (M.I.Q.-O.)
| | - María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (S.B.); (I.P.-A.); (J.P.-L.); (M.I.Q.-O.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (Ciberonc CB16/12/00481), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Du J, Zayed AA, Kigerl KA, Zane K, Sullivan MB, Popovich PG. Spinal Cord Injury Changes the Structure and Functional Potential of Gut Bacterial and Viral Communities. mSystems 2021; 6:e01356-20. [PMID: 33975974 PMCID: PMC8125080 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01356-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data indicate that gut dysbiosis contributes to many human diseases, including several comorbidities that develop after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). To date, all analyses of SCI-induced gut dysbiosis have used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. This technique has several limitations, including being susceptible to taxonomic "blind spots," primer bias, and an inability to profile microbiota functions or identify viruses. Here, SCI-induced gut dysbiosis was assessed by applying genome- and gene-resolved metagenomic analysis of murine stool samples collected 21 days after an experimental SCI at the 4th thoracic spine (T4) or 10th thoracic spine (T10) spinal level. These distinct injuries partially (T10) or completely (T4) abolish sympathetic tone in the gut. Among bacteria, 105 medium- to high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were recovered, with most (n = 96) representing new bacterial species. Read mapping revealed that after SCI, the relative abundance of beneficial commensals (Lactobacillus johnsonii and CAG-1031 spp.) decreased, while potentially pathogenic bacteria (Weissella cibaria, Lactococcus lactis _A, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) increased. Functionally, microbial genes encoding proteins for tryptophan, vitamin B6, and folate biosynthesis, essential pathways for central nervous system function, were reduced after SCI. Among viruses, 1,028 mostly novel viral populations were recovered, expanding known murine gut viral species sequence space ∼3-fold compared to that of public databases. Phages of beneficial commensal hosts (CAG-1031, Lactobacillus, and Turicibacter) decreased, while phages of pathogenic hosts (Weissella, Lactococcus, and class Clostridia) increased after SCI. Although the microbiomes and viromes were changed in all SCI mice, some of these changes varied as a function of spinal injury level, implicating loss of sympathetic tone as a mechanism underlying gut dysbiosis.IMPORTANCE To our knowledge, this is the first article to apply metagenomics to characterize changes in gut microbial population dynamics caused by a clinically relevant model of central nervous system (CNS) trauma. It also utilizes the most current approaches in genome-resolved metagenomics and viromics to maximize the biological inferences that can be made from these data. Overall, this article highlights the importance of autonomic nervous system regulation of a distal organ (gut) and its microbiome inhabitants after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). By providing information on taxonomy, function, and viruses, metagenomic data may better predict how SCI-induced gut dysbiosis influences systemic and neurological outcomes after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Du
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmed A Zayed
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristina A Kigerl
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kylie Zane
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Jing Y, Yu Y, Bai F, Wang L, Yang D, Zhang C, Qin C, Yang M, Zhang D, Zhu Y, Li J, Chen Z. Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on neurological restoration in a spinal cord injury mouse model: involvement of brain-gut axis. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:59. [PMID: 33678185 PMCID: PMC7937282 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients display disruption of gut microbiome, and gut dysbiosis exacerbate neurological impairment in SCI models. Cumulative data support an important role of gut microbiome in SCI. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy uninjured mice into SCI mice may exert a neuroprotective effect. RESULTS FMT facilitated functional recovery, promoted neuronal axonal regeneration, improved animal weight gain and metabolic profiling, and enhanced intestinal barrier integrity and GI motility in SCI mice. High-throughput sequencing revealed that levels of phylum Firmicutes, family Christensenellaceae, and genus Butyricimonas were reduced in fecal samples of SCI mice, and FMT remarkably reshaped gut microbiome. Also, FMT-treated SCI mice showed increased amount of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which correlated with alteration of intestinal permeability and locomotor recovery. Furthermore, FMT downregulated IL-1β/NF-κB signaling in spinal cord and NF-κB signaling in gut following SCI. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that reprogramming of gut microbiota by FMT improves locomotor and GI functions in SCI mice, possibly through the anti-inflammatory functions of SCFAs. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Jing
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Bai
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Limiao Wang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Degang Yang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Mingliang Yang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, and School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Zhang D, Xu S, Wang Y, Zhu G. The Potentials of Melatonin in the Prevention and Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:1419. [PMID: 33808027 PMCID: PMC7961363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis (BM) is an acute infectious central nervous system (CNS) disease worldwide, occurring with 50% of the survivors left with a long-term serious sequela. Acute bacterial meningitis is more prevalent in resource-poor than resource-rich areas. The pathogenesis of BM involves complex mechanisms that are related to bacterial survival and multiplication in the bloodstream, increased permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB), oxidative stress, and excessive inflammatory response in CNS. Considering drug-resistant bacteria increases the difficulty of meningitis treatment and the vaccine also has been limited to several serotypes, and the morbidity rate of BM still is very high. With recent development in neurology, there is promising progress for drug supplements of effectively preventing and treating BM. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have elaborated on understanding the significant mechanism of melatonin on BM. Melatonin is mainly secreted in the pineal gland and can cross the BBB. Melatonin and its metabolite have been reported as effective antioxidants and anti-inflammation, which are potentially useful as prevention and treatment therapy of BM. In bacterial meningitis, melatonin can play multiple protection effects in BM through various mechanisms, including immune response, antibacterial ability, the protection of BBB integrity, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammation, signaling pathways, and gut microbiome. This manuscript summarizes the major neuroprotective mechanisms of melatonin and explores the potential prevention and treatment approaches aimed at reducing morbidity and alleviating nerve injury of BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.Z.); (S.X.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.Z.); (S.X.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.Z.); (S.X.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.Z.); (S.X.); (Y.W.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
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43
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Bannerman CA, Douchant K, Sheth PM, Ghasemlou N. The gut-brain axis and beyond: Microbiome control of spinal cord injury pain in humans and rodents. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2021; 9:100059. [PMID: 33426367 PMCID: PMC7779861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating injury to the central nervous system in which 60 to 80% of patients experience chronic pain. Unfortunately, this pain is notoriously difficult to treat, with few effective options currently available. Patients are also commonly faced with various compounding injuries and medical challenges, often requiring frequent hospitalization and antibiotic treatment. Change in the gut microbiome from the "normal" state to one of imbalance, referred to as gut dysbiosis, has been found in both patients and rodent models following SCI. Similarities exist in the bacterial changes observed after SCI and other diseases with chronic pain as an outcome. These changes cause a shift in the regulation of inflammation, causing immune cell activation and secretion of inflammatory mediators that likely contribute to the generation/maintenance of SCI pain. Therefore, correcting gut dysbiosis may be used as a tool towards providing patients with effective pain management and improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Bannerman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katya Douchant
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prameet M. Sheth
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Microbiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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44
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Jing Y, Bai F, Yu Y. Spinal cord injury and gut microbiota: A review. Life Sci 2020; 266:118865. [PMID: 33301807 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), intestinal dysfunction has a serious impact on physical and mental health, quality of life, and social participation. Recent data from rodent and human studies indicated that SCI causes gut dysbiosis. Remodeling gut microbiota could be beneficial for the recovery of intestinal function and motor function after SCI. However, few studies have explored SCI with focus on the gut microbiota and "microbiota-gut-brain" axis. In this review, the complications following SCI, including intestinal dysfunction, anxiety and depression, metabolic disorders, and neuropathic pain, are directly or indirectly related to gut dysbiosis, which may be mediated by "gut-brain" interactions. Furthermore, we discuss the research strategies that can be beneficial in this regard, including germ-free animals, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, phages, and brain imaging techniques. The current microbial research has shifted from descriptive to mechanismal perspective, and future research using new technologies may further demonstrate the pathophysiological mechanism of association of SCI with gut microbiota, elucidate the mode of interaction of gut microbiota and hosts, and help develop personalized microbiota-targeted therapies and drugs based on microbiota or corresponding metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Jing
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Fan Bai
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China.
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45
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Granger N, Olby NJ, Nout-Lomas YS. Bladder and Bowel Management in Dogs With Spinal Cord Injury. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:583342. [PMID: 33263015 PMCID: PMC7686579 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.583342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury in companion dogs can lead to urinary and fecal incontinence or retention, depending on the severity, and localization of the lesion along the canine nervous system. The bladder and gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by lesions of the autonomic system can be difficult to recognize, interpret and are easily overlooked. Nevertheless, it is crucial to maintain a high degree of awareness of the impact of micturition and defecation disturbances on the animal's condition, welfare and on the owner. The management of these disabilities is all the more challenging that the autonomic nervous system physiology is a complex topic. In this review, we propose to briefly remind the reader the physiology of micturition and defecation in dogs. We then present the bladder and gastrointestinal clinical signs associated with sacral lesions (i.e., the L7-S3 spinal cord segments and nerves) and supra-sacral lesions (i.e., cranial to the L7 spinal cord segment), largely in the context of intervertebral disc herniation. We summarize what is known about the natural recovery of urinary and fecal continence in dogs after spinal cord injury. In particular we review the incidence of urinary tract infection after injury. We finally explore the past and recent literature describing management of urinary and fecal dysfunction in the acute and chronic phase of spinal cord injury. This comprises medical therapies but importantly a number of surgical options, some known for decades such as sacral nerve stimulation, that might spark some interest in the field of spinal cord injury in companion dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Granger
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.,CVS Referrals, Bristol Veterinary Specialists at Highcroft, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha J Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Yvette S Nout-Lomas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Liu X, Liang F, Zhang J, Li Z, Yang J, Kang N. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Improves Intestinal Barrier Function After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Front Neurol 2020; 11:563281. [PMID: 33178107 PMCID: PMC7593681 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.563281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction is often observed clinically after spinal cord injury (SCI) and seriously affects long-term quality of life. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment has been proved to promote barrier function recovery after injury, but the influence of HBO on intestinal barrier function following SCI is unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect and mechanisms of HBO treatment on intestinal barrier function by measuring the level of tight junction (TJ) proteins and the Ras homolog (Rho)/Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway. SCI model was established in rats, and the animals were randomly assigned into three groups: sham-operation group (SH), SCI group and SCI+HBO group. In the SCI+HBO group, the rats inhaled 100% O2 for 1 h at 2.0 atmospheres absolute pressure (ATA) once per day after surgery. Neurological function and intestinal permeability were assessed after surgery, and the jejunum tissue was excised for histological and intestinal barrier function evaluations. The protein levels of TJ and the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway were also measured. The results showed that in the SCI group, intestinal mucosal injury score, intestinal permeability, and levels of Rho and ROCK1 were higher, and TJ proteins occludin and ZO-1 were lower than those in the SH group (P < 0.01). HBO treatment significantly inhibited the expression of Rho and ROCK1, increased occludin and ZO-1 expression, decreased intestinal permeability, and alleviated intestinal mucosal injury as compared with the SCI group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The SCI+HBO group showed higher Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores relative to the SCI group on postoperative days 7 and 14 (P < 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between BBB score and intestinal mucosal injury score in rats after HBO treatment (P < 0.05). We concluded from this study that HBO treatment promoted the expression of TJ proteins possibly through inhibiting Rho/ROCK signaling pathway, which protected the intestinal barrier function and improved the intestinal permeability after SCI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Liu
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Jogia T, Ruitenberg MJ. Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury and the Gut Microbiota: Current Insights and Future Challenges. Front Immunol 2020; 11:704. [PMID: 32528463 PMCID: PMC7247863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) suffer from numerous peripheral complications in addition to the long-term paralysis that results from disrupted neural signaling pathways. Those living with SCI have consistently reported gastrointestinal dysfunction as a significant issue for overall quality of life, but most research has focused bowel management rather than how altered or impaired gut function impacts on the overall health and well-being of the affected individual. The gut-brain axis has now been quite extensively investigated in other neurological conditions but the gastrointestinal compartment, and more specifically the gut microbiota, have only recently garnered attention in the context of SCI because of their vast immunomodulatory capacity and putative links to infection susceptibility. Most studies to date investigating the gut microbiota following SCI have employed 16S rRNA genomic sequencing to identify bacterial taxa that may be pertinent to neurological outcome and common sequalae associated with SCI. This review provides a concise overview of the relevant data that has been generated to date, discussing current understanding of how the microbial content of the gut after SCI appears linked to both functional and immunological outcomes, whilst also emphasizing the highly complex nature of microbiome research and the need for careful evaluation of correlative findings. How the gut microbiota may be involved in the increased infection susceptibility that is often observed in this condition is also discussed, as are the challenges ahead to strategically probe the functional significance of changes in the gut microbiota following SCI in order to take advantage of these therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Jogia
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Kigerl KA, Zane K, Adams K, Sullivan MB, Popovich PG. The spinal cord-gut-immune axis as a master regulator of health and neurological function after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 323:113085. [PMID: 31654639 PMCID: PMC6918675 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most spinal cord injury (SCI) research programs focus only on the injured spinal cord with the goal of restoring locomotor function by overcoming mechanisms of cell death or axon regeneration failure. Given the importance of the spinal cord as a locomotor control center and the public perception that paralysis is the defining feature of SCI, this "spinal-centric" focus is logical. Unfortunately, such a focus likely will not yield new discoveries that reverse other devastating consequences of SCI including cardiovascular and metabolic disease, bladder/bowel dysfunction and infection. The current review considers how SCI changes the physiological interplay between the spinal cord, the gut and the immune system. A suspected culprit in causing many of the pathological manifestations of impaired spinal cord-gut-immune axis homeostasis is the gut microbiota. After SCI, the composition of the gut microbiota changes, creating a chronic state of gut "dysbiosis". To date, much of what we know about gut dysbiosis was learned from 16S-based taxonomic profiling studies that reveal changes in the composition and abundance of various bacteria. However, this approach has limitations and creates taxonomic "blindspots". Notably, only bacteria can be analyzed. Thus, in this review we also discuss how the application of emerging sequencing technologies can improve our understanding of how the broader ecosystem in the gut is affected by SCI. Specifically, metagenomics will provide researchers with a more comprehensive look at post-injury changes in the gut virome (and mycome). Metagenomics also allows changes in microbe population dynamics to be linked to specific microbial functions that can affect the development and progression of metabolic disease, immune dysfunction and affective disorders after SCI. As these new tools become more readily available and used across the research community, the development of an "ecogenomic" toolbox will facilitate an Eco-Systems Biology approach to study the complex interplay along the spinal cord-gut-immune axis after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A Kigerl
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, the Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Kylie Zane
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Kia Adams
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, the Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Departments of Microbiology, Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering at The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, the Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, USA.
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49
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Holmes GM, Blanke EN. Gastrointestinal dysfunction after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:113009. [PMID: 31299180 PMCID: PMC6716787 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates is a heterogeneous organ system innervated to varying degrees by a local enteric neural network as well as extrinsic parasympathetic and sympathetic neural circuits located along the brainstem and spinal axis. This diverse organ system serves to regulate the secretory and propulsive reflexes integral to the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The quasi-segmental distribution of the neural circuits innervating the gastrointestinal (GI) tract produces varying degrees of dysfunction depending upon the level of spinal cord injury (SCI). At all levels of SCI, GI dysfunction frequently presents life-long challenges to individuals coping with injury. Growing attention to the profound changes that occur across the entire physiology of individuals with SCI reveals profound knowledge gaps in our understanding of the temporal dimensions and magnitude of organ-specific co-morbidities following SCI. It is essential to understand and identify these broad pathophysiological changes in order to develop appropriate evidence-based strategies for management by clinicians, caregivers and individuals living with SCI. This review summarizes the neurophysiology of the GI tract in the uninjured state and the pathophysiology associated with the systemic effects of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Holmes
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states of America.
| | - Emily N Blanke
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states of America
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50
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Wang S, Smith GM, Selzer ME, Li S. Emerging molecular therapeutic targets for spinal cord injury. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:787-803. [PMID: 31460807 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1661381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complicated and devastating neurological disorder. Patients with SCI usually have dramatically reduced quality of life. In recent years, numerous studies have reported advances in understanding the pathophysiology of SCI and developing preclinical therapeutic strategies for SCI, including various molecular therapies, and yet there is still no cure. Areas covered: After SCI, tissue damage, responses and repair involve interactions among many cellular components, including neurons, axons, glia, leukocytes, and other cells. Accordingly, numerous cellular genes and molecules have become therapeutic targets for neural tissue repair, circuit reconstruction, and behavioral restoration. Here, we review the major recent advances in biological and molecular strategies to enhance neuroprotection, axon regeneration, remyelination, neuroplasticity and functional recovery in preclinical studies of SCI. Expert opinion: Researchers have made tremendous progress in identifying individual and combined molecular therapies in animal studies. It is very important to identify additional highly effective treatments for early neuroprotective intervention and for functionally meaningful axon regeneration and neuronal reconnections. Because multiple mechanisms contribute to the functional loss after SCI, combining the most promising approaches that target different pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms should exhibit synergistic actions for maximal functional restoration. [Databases searched: PubMed; inclusive dates: 6/27/2019].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - George M Smith
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Michael E Selzer
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,Department of Neurology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Shuxin Li
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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