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Kenny FN, Marcotti S, De Freitas DB, Drudi EM, Leech V, Bell RE, Easton J, Díaz-de-la-Loza MDC, Fleck R, Allison L, Philippeos C, Manhart A, Shaw TJ, Stramer BM. Autocrine IL-6 drives cell and extracellular matrix anisotropy in scar fibroblasts. Matrix Biol 2023; 123:1-16. [PMID: 37660739 PMCID: PMC10878985 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is associated with dramatic changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture of unknown etiology. Here we exploit keloid scars as a paradigm to understand fibrotic ECM organization. We reveal that keloid patient fibroblasts uniquely produce a globally aligned ECM network in 2-D culture as observed in scar tissue. ECM anisotropy develops after rapid initiation of a fibroblast supracellular actin network, suggesting that cell alignment initiates ECM patterning. Keloid fibroblasts produce elevated levels of IL-6, and autocrine IL-6 production is both necessary and sufficient to induce cell and ECM alignment, as evidenced by ligand stimulation of normal dermal fibroblasts and treatment of keloid fibroblasts with the function blocking IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, tocilizumab. Downstream of IL-6, supracellular organization of keloid fibroblasts is controlled by activation of cell-cell adhesion. Adhesion formation inhibits contact-induced cellular overlap leading to nematic organization of cells and an alignment of focal adhesions. Keloid fibroblasts placed on isotropic ECM align the pre-existing matrix, suggesting that focal adhesion alignment leads to active anisotropic remodeling. These results show that IL-6-induced fibroblast cooperativity can control the development of a nematic ECM, highlighting both IL-6 signaling and cell-cell adhesions as potential therapeutic targets to inhibit this common feature of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona N Kenny
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefania Marcotti
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Elena M Drudi
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vivienne Leech
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, UK
| | - Rachel E Bell
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Easton
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Roland Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructure Imaging, King's College London, UK
| | - Leanne Allison
- Centre for Ultrastructure Imaging, King's College London, UK
| | - Christina Philippeos
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Angelika Manhart
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, UK; Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanya J Shaw
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Brian M Stramer
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
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2
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Bilalis P, Alrashoudi AΑ, Susapto HH, Moretti M, Alshehri S, Abdelrahman S, Elsakran A, Hauser CAE. Dipeptide-Based Photoreactive Instant Glue for Environmental and Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46710-46720. [PMID: 37768145 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Nature-inspired smart materials offer numerous advantages over environmental friendliness and efficiency. Emulating the excellent adhesive properties of mussels foot proteins, where the lysine is in close proximity with the 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (DOPA), we report the synthesis of a novel photocurable peptide-based adhesive consisting exclusively of these two amino acids. Our adhesive is a highly concentrated aqueous solution of a monomer, a cross-linker, and a photoinitiator. Lap-shear adhesion measurements on plastic and glass surfaces and comparison with different types of commercial adhesives showed that the adhesive strength of our glue is comparable when applied in air and superior when used underwater. No toxicity of our adhesive was observed when the cytocompatibility on human dermal fibroblast cells was assessed. Preliminary experiments with various tissues and coral fragments showed that our adhesive could be applied to wound healing and coral reef restoration. Given the convenience of the facile synthesis, biocompatibility, ease of application underwater, and high adhesive strength, we expect that our adhesive may find application, but not limited, to the biomedical and environmental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Bilalis
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah Α Alrashoudi
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hepi H Susapto
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manola Moretti
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Alshehri
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherin Abdelrahman
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Elsakran
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Charlotte A E Hauser
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Lee R, Park HJ, Lee WY, Choi Y, Song H. Nanoscale level gelatin-based scaffolds enhance colony formation of porcine testicular germ cells. Theriogenology 2023; 202:125-135. [PMID: 36958136 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is important in cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Gelatin, a support for adhering cells, is used for coating culture plate surfaces of several primary and stem cells. However, gelatin characteristics on culture plates and its cell interactions are not understood. Here, we aimed to identify the effect of gelatin topography on culture plates on the proliferation and colony formation of porcine spermatogonial germ cells (pSGC). To generate different surface topographies, gelatin powder was dissolved in H2O at varying melting temperatures (40, 60, 80, and 120 °C) and coated on the surface of the culture plates. At 40 °C, the pores of the gelatin scaffold were regular ellipses 5-6 μm in diameter and 10-30 nm in thickness. However, at 120 °C, irregular pores 20-30 μm in diameter and 10-20 nm in thickness were obtained. Additionally, the number of attached cells and pSGC colonies were significantly more at 40 °C than at 120 °C after a week of culture. Interestingly, the feeder cells did not settle properly at 120 °C but detached easily from the culture dishes. PSGC colonies were 100 μm in diameter at 40 °C, with small and detached colonies observed at 120 °C. Thus, optimal topography of gelatin was obtained at 40 °C, which was sufficient for the proliferation of feeder cells and the formation of pSGC colonies. Thus, gelatin scaffold conditions at 40 °C and 60 °C were optimal for the derivation and culture of pSGC, and gelatin surface morphology is important for the maintenance of supportive feeder cells for pSGC proliferation and colony formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Lee
- Department of Stem Cells & Regenerative Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Sangji University, Wonju-si, 26339, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Young Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agricultures and Fisheries, Jeonju-si, 54874, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngsok Choi
- Department of Stem Cells & Regenerative Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cells & Regenerative Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Putra VDL, Kilian KA, Knothe Tate ML. Biomechanical, biophysical and biochemical modulators of cytoskeletal remodelling and emergent stem cell lineage commitment. Commun Biol 2023; 6:75. [PMID: 36658332 PMCID: PMC9852586 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Across complex, multi-time and -length scale biological systems, redundancy confers robustness and resilience, enabling adaptation and increasing survival under dynamic environmental conditions; this review addresses ubiquitous effects of cytoskeletal remodelling, triggered by biomechanical, biophysical and biochemical cues, on stem cell mechanoadaptation and emergent lineage commitment. The cytoskeleton provides an adaptive structural scaffold to the cell, regulating the emergence of stem cell structure-function relationships during tissue neogenesis, both in prenatal development as well as postnatal healing. Identification and mapping of the mechanical cues conducive to cytoskeletal remodelling and cell adaptation may help to establish environmental contexts that can be used prospectively as translational design specifications to target tissue neogenesis for regenerative medicine. In this review, we summarize findings on cytoskeletal remodelling in the context of tissue neogenesis during early development and postnatal healing, and its relevance in guiding lineage commitment for targeted tissue regeneration. We highlight how cytoskeleton-targeting chemical agents modulate stem cell differentiation and govern responses to mechanical cues in stem cells' emerging form and function. We further review methods for spatiotemporal visualization and measurement of cytoskeletal remodelling, as well as its effects on the mechanical properties of cells, as a function of adaptation. Research in these areas may facilitate translation of stem cells' own healing potential and improve the design of materials, therapies, and devices for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vina D L Putra
- School of Chemistry and School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- School of Chemistry and School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Melissa L Knothe Tate
- Blue Mountains World Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute (bmwi³), Blue Mountains, NSW, Australia.
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5
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Atherton P, Konstantinou R, Neo SP, Wang E, Balloi E, Ptushkina M, Bennett H, Clark K, Gunaratne J, Critchley D, Barsukov I, Manser E, Ballestrem C. Tensin3 interaction with talin drives the formation of fibronectin-associated fibrillar adhesions. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213452. [PMID: 36074065 PMCID: PMC9462884 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202107022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of healthy tissue involves continuous remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Whilst it is known that this requires integrin-associated cell-ECM adhesion sites (CMAs) and actomyosin-mediated forces, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examine how tensin3 contributes to the formation of fibrillar adhesions (FBs) and fibronectin fibrillogenesis. Using BioID mass spectrometry and a mitochondrial targeting assay, we establish that tensin3 associates with the mechanosensors such as talin and vinculin. We show that the talin R11 rod domain binds directly to a helical motif within the central intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of tensin3, whilst vinculin binds indirectly to tensin3 via talin. Using CRISPR knock-out cells in combination with defined tensin3 mutations, we show (i) that tensin3 is critical for the formation of α5β1-integrin FBs and for fibronectin fibrillogenesis, and (ii) the talin/tensin3 interaction drives this process, with vinculin acting to potentiate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Atherton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rafaella Konstantinou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suat Peng Neo
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emily Wang
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eleonora Balloi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marina Ptushkina
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hayley Bennett
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kath Clark
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Igor Barsukov
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edward Manser
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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6
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The explorations of dynamic interactions of paxillin at the focal adhesions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140825. [PMID: 35926716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Paxillin is one of the most important adapters in integrin-mediated adhesions that performs numerous crucial functions relying on its dynamic interactions. Its structural behavior serves different purposes, providing a base for several activities. The various domains of paxillin display different functions in the whole process of cell movements and have a significant role in cell adhesion, migration, signal transmission, and protein-protein interactions. On the other hand, some paxillin-associated proteins provide a unique spatiotemporal mechanism for regulating its dynamic characteristics in the tissue homeostasis and make it a more complex and decisive protein at the focal adhesions. This review briefly describes the structural adaptations and molecular mechanisms of recruitment of paxillin into adhesions, explains paxillin's binding dynamics and impact on adhesion stability and turnover, and reveals a variety of paxillin-associated regulatory mechanisms and how paxillin is embedded into the signaling networks.
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7
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Sahan AZ, Baday M, Patel CB. Biomimetic Hydrogels in the Study of Cancer Mechanobiology: Overview, Biomedical Applications, and Future Perspectives. Gels 2022; 8:gels8080496. [PMID: 36005097 PMCID: PMC9407355 DOI: 10.3390/gels8080496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are biocompatible polymers that are tunable to the system under study, allowing them to be widely used in medicine, bioprinting, tissue engineering, and biomechanics. Hydrogels are used to mimic the three-dimensional microenvironment of tissues, which is essential to understanding cell–cell interactions and intracellular signaling pathways (e.g., proliferation, apoptosis, growth, and survival). Emerging evidence suggests that the malignant properties of cancer cells depend on mechanical cues that arise from changes in their microenvironment. These mechanobiological cues include stiffness, shear stress, and pressure, and have an impact on cancer proliferation and invasion. The hydrogels can be tuned to simulate these mechanobiological tissue properties. Although interest in and research on the biomedical applications of hydrogels has increased in the past 25 years, there is still much to learn about the development of biomimetic hydrogels and their potential applications in biomedical and clinical settings. This review highlights the application of hydrogels in developing pre-clinical cancer models and their potential for translation to human disease with a focus on reviewing the utility of such models in studying glioblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Z. Sahan
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Murat Baday
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Precision Health and Integrated Diagnostics Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Chirag B. Patel
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (C.B.P.)
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8
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Faralli JA, Filla MS, Peters DM. Integrin Crosstalk and Its Effect on the Biological Functions of the Trabecular Meshwork/Schlemm’s Canal. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886702. [PMID: 35573686 PMCID: PMC9099149 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a family of heterodimeric receptors composed of an α- and β-subunit that mediate cell-adhesion to a number of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the Trabecular Meshwork/Schlemm’s canal (TM/SC) of the eye. Upon binding an ECM ligand, integrins transmit signals that activate a number of signaling pathways responsible for regulating actin-mediated processes (i.e phagocytosis, cell contractility, and fibronectin fibrillogenesis) that play an important role in regulating intraocular pressure (IOP) and may be involved in glaucoma. An important function of integrin-mediated signaling events is that the activity of one integrin can affect the activity of other integrins in the same cell. This creates a crosstalk that allows TM/SC cells to respond to changes in the ECM presumably induced by the mechanical forces on the TM/SC, aging and disease. In this review, we discuss how integrin crosstalk influences the function of the human TM/SC pathway. In particular, we will discuss how different crosstalk pathways mediated by either the αvβ3 or α4β1 integrins can play opposing roles in the TM when active and therefore act as on/off switches to modulate the cytoskeleton-mediated processes that regulate the outflow of aqueous humor through the TM/SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Faralli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mark S. Filla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Donna M. Peters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Donna M. Peters,
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9
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Lickert S, Kenny M, Selcuk K, Mehl JL, Bender M, Früh SM, Burkhardt MA, Studt JD, Nieswandt B, Schoen I, Vogel V. Platelets drive fibronectin fibrillogenesis using integrin αIIbβ3. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj8331. [PMID: 35275711 PMCID: PMC8916723 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj8331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Platelets interact with multiple adhesion proteins during thrombogenesis, yet little is known about their ability to assemble fibronectin matrix. In vitro three-dimensional superresolution microscopy complemented by biophysical and biochemical methods revealed fundamental insights into how platelet contractility drives fibronectin fibrillogenesis. Platelets adhering to thrombus proteins (fibronectin and fibrin) versus basement membrane components (laminin and collagen IV) pull fibronectin fibrils along their apical membrane versus underneath their basal membrane, respectively. In contrast to other cell types, platelets assemble fibronectin nanofibrils using αIIbβ3 rather than α5β1 integrins. Apical fibrillogenesis correlated with a stronger activation of integrin-linked kinase, higher platelet traction forces, and a larger tension in fibrillar-like adhesions compared to basal fibrillogenesis. Our findings have potential implications for how mechanical thrombus integrity might be maintained during remodeling and vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lickert
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kenny
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kateryna Selcuk
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna L. Mehl
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine – Chair I, University Hospital, and Rudolf Virchow Center, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanna M. Früh
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie A. Burkhardt
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Dirk Studt
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine – Chair I, University Hospital, and Rudolf Virchow Center, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingmar Schoen
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Corresponding author. (V.V.); (I.S.)
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (V.V.); (I.S.)
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10
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Influence of surface termination of ultrananocrystalline diamond films coated on titanium on response of human osteoblast cells: A proteome study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112289. [PMID: 34474840 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Successful osseointegration, i.e. the fully functional connection of patient's bone and artificial implant depends on the response of the cells to the direct contact with the surface of the implant. The surface properties of the implant which trigger cell responses leading to its integration into the surrounding bone can be tailored by surface modifications or coating with thin layers. One potential material for such applications is ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD). It combines the exceptional mechanical properties of diamond with good biocompatibility and possibility of coating as thin uniform films on different substrates of biological interest. In the current work we firstly deposited UNCD films on titanium-coated substrates and applied oxygen or ammonia plasma to modify their surface properties. The as-grown and modified UNCD exhibited relatively smooth surfaces with topography dominated by rounded features. The modifications induced oxygen- or amino-terminated surfaces with increased hydrophilicity. In addition, the UNCD coatings exhibited very low coefficient of friction when diamond was used as a counterpart. As-grown and modified UNCD samples were applied to study the responses of human osteoblast MG63 cells triggered by surfaces with various terminations assessed by proteomic analysis. The results revealed that the coating of Ti with UNCD as well as the plasma modifications resulting in O- or NH2-terminated UNCD induced upregulation of proteins specific for cytoskeleton, cell membrane, and extracellular matrix (ECM) involved in the cell-ECM-surface interactions. Proteins from each of these groups, namely, vimentin, cadherin and fibronectin were further studied immunocytochemically and the results confirmed their increased abundance leading to improved cell-to-surface adhesion and cell-to-cell interactions. These findings demonstrate the potential of implant coating with UNCD and its surface modifications for better osseointegration and bone formation.
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11
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Wang J, Li J, Liu J, Lin M, Mao S, Wang Y, Luo Y. Adsorption Force of Fibronectin: A Balance Regulator to Transmission of Cell Traction Force and Fluid Shear Stress. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3264-3273. [PMID: 34225453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblasts actively generate cell traction force (CTF) to sense chemical and mechanical microenvironments. Fluid shear stress (FSS) is a principle mechanical stimulus for bone modeling/remodeling. FSS and CTF share common interconnected elements for force transmission, among which the role of the protein-material interfacial force (Fad) remains unclear. Here, we found that, on the low Fad surface (5.47 ± 1.31 pN/FN), CTF overwhelmed Fad to partially desorb FN, and FSS exacerbated the desorption, resulting in disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions (FAs) to reduce CTF and establishment of a new mechanical balance at the FN-material interface. Contrarily, on the high Fad surface (27.68 ± 5.24 pN/FN), pure CTF or the combination of CTF and FSS induced no FN desorption, and FSS promoted assembly of actin cytoskeletons and disassembly of FAs, regaining new mechanical balance at the cell-FN interface. These results indicate that Fad is a mechanical regulator for transmission of CTF and FSS, which has never been reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, and Lab for Smart & Bioinspired Materials, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Junyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, and Lab for Smart & Bioinspired Materials, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, and Lab for Smart & Bioinspired Materials, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Manping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Shilong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, and Lab for Smart & Bioinspired Materials, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, and Lab for Smart & Bioinspired Materials, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yanfeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, and Lab for Smart & Bioinspired Materials, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
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12
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Integrin Adhesion Complex Organization in Sheep Myometrium Reflects Changing Mechanical Forces during Pregnancy and Postpartum. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060508. [PMID: 34201059 PMCID: PMC8227588 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary IACs assemble within the sheep myometrium during early-to-mid gestation in response to increased stretch of the uterine wall and continue to increase as pregnancy progresses. Fibronectin (FN1) is important in its ability to attach to IACs in myometrial cells to generate force to sustain powerful contractions during labor. After parturition, IACs are disassembled but the integrin subunits ITGA5 and ITGB1 remain expressed at the protein level at least two weeks postpartum. Abstract Cells respond to extracellular mechanical forces through the assembly of integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) that provide a scaffold through which cells sense and transduce responses to those forces. IACs are composed of transmembrane integrin receptors that bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins externally and connect with the actomyosin cytoskeleton internally. Myometrial smooth muscle cells respond to forces that arise due to increases in fetal growth/weight, placental fluid volumes, and blood flow. As a result, the uterus transforms into an organ that can forcefully expel the fetus and placental membranes during parturition. While earlier studies focused on IAC expression in the myometrial compartment of rodents and humans to explore pregnancy-associated responses, the present study examines IAC assembly in ovine myometrium where mechanical forces are expected to be amplified in a manner similar to humans. Results indicate that the ITGA5 and ITGB1 heterodimers associate with the ECM protein FN1 externally, and with VCL and TLN1 internally, to form IACs in myometrial cells during the first trimester of pregnancy. These IACs become increasingly ordered until parturition. This ordered structure is lost by one day postpartum; however, the abundance of the integrin proteins remains elevated for at least two weeks postpartum. Implications of the present study are that sheep are similar to humans regarding the assembly of IACs in the pregnant myometrium and suggest that IACs may form much earlier in human gestation than was previously implied by the rat model. Results highlight the continued value of the sheep model as a flagship gynecological model for understanding parturition in humans.
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13
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Alshehri S, Susapto HH, Hauser CAE. Scaffolds from Self-Assembling Tetrapeptides Support 3D Spreading, Osteogenic Differentiation, and Angiogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2094-2106. [PMID: 33908763 PMCID: PMC8382244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The apparent rise of bone disorders demands advanced treatment protocols involving tissue engineering. Here, we describe self-assembling tetrapeptide scaffolds for the growth and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The rationally designed peptides are synthetic amphiphilic self-assembling peptides composed of four amino acids that are nontoxic. These tetrapeptides can quickly solidify to nanofibrous hydrogels that resemble the extracellular matrix and provide a three-dimensional (3D) environment for cells with suitable mechanical properties. Furthermore, we can easily tune the stiffness of these peptide hydrogels by just increasing the peptide concentration, thus providing a wide range of peptide hydrogels with different stiffnesses for 3D cell culture applications. Since successful bone regeneration requires both osteogenesis and vascularization, our scaffold was found to be able to promote angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. The results presented suggest that ultrashort peptide hydrogels are promising candidates for applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Alshehri
- Laboratory
for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hepi H. Susapto
- Laboratory
for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Charlotte A. E. Hauser
- Laboratory
for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Frank JW, Steinhauser CB, Wang X, Burghardt RC, Bazer FW, Johnson GA. Loss of ITGB3 in ovine conceptuses decreases conceptus expression of NOS3 and SPP1: implications for the developing placental vasculature†. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:657-668. [PMID: 33232974 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the peri-implantation period of pregnancy in sheep, there is an initial period of loose apposition of the elongating conceptuses (embryos and associated placental membranes) to the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) that is followed by adhesion of the conceptus trophectoderm to the endometrial LE for implantation. Integrins and maternal extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules are major contributors to stable adhesion at implantation, and the β3 integrin subunit (ITGB3) is implicated in the adhesion cascade for implantation in several species including the sheep. We blocked mRNA translation for trophectoderm-expressed ITGB3 by infusing morpholino antisense oligonucleotides into the uterine lumen of pregnant ewes on Day 9 to assess effects on conceptus elongation, and on Day 16 to assess effects on early placental development in sheep. Results indicate that sheep conceptuses elongate and implant to the uterine wall in the absence of ITGB3 expression by the conceptuses; however, loss of ITGB3 in conceptuses decreased the growth of embryos to Day 24 of gestation, and decreased expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3). Abundant SPP1 was localized around the blood vessels in the placental allantoic membrane in normal sheep pregnancies. We hypothesize that NOS3 and SPP1 positively influence the development of the vasculature within the allantois, and that decreased expression of NOS3 and SPP1, in response to knockdown of ITGB3 in conceptuses, alters development of the vasculature in the allantois required to transport nutrients from the endometrium to support growth and development of the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Frank
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chelsie B Steinhauser
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoqiu Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robert C Burghardt
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Greg A Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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15
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Zhu Y, Wang W, Yang Z. Combining Mass Spectrometry with Paternò-Büchi Reaction to Determine Double-Bond Positions in Lipids at the Single-Cell Level. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11380-11387. [PMID: 32678580 PMCID: PMC7482314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Single cell MS (SCMS) techniques are under rapid development for molecular analysis of individual cells among heterogeneous populations. Lipids are basic cellular constituents playing essential functions in energy storage and the cellular signaling processes of cells. Unsaturated lipids are characterized with one or multiple carbon-carbon double (C═C) bonds, and they are critical for cell functions and human diseases. Characterizing unsaturated lipids in single cells allows for better understanding of metabolomic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of rare cells (e.g., cancer stem cells); however, these studies remain challenging. We developed a new technique using a micropipette needle, in which Paternò-Büchi (PB) reactions at C═C bond can be induced, to determine locations of C═C bonds in unsaturated lipids at the single-cell level. The micropipette needle is produced by combining a pulled glass capillary needle with a fused silica capillary. Cell lysis solvent and PB reagent (acetone or benzophenone) are delivered into the micropipette needle (tip size ≈ 15 um) through a fused silica capillary. The capillary needle plays multiple functions (i.e., single cell sampling probe, cell lysis container, microreactor, and nano-ESI emitter) in the experiments. Both regular (no reaction) and reactive (with PB reaction) SCMS analyses of the same cell can be achieved. C═C bond locations were determined from MS scan and MS/MS of PB products assisted by Python programs. This technique can potentially be used for other reactive SCMS studies to enhance molecular analysis for broad ranges of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Wenhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Zhibo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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16
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Nikoloudaki G, Snider P, Simmons O, Conway SJ, Hamilton DW. Periostin and matrix stiffness combine to regulate myofibroblast differentiation and fibronectin synthesis during palatal healing. Matrix Biol 2020; 94:31-56. [PMID: 32777343 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the matricellular protein periostin is prominently upregulated in skin and gingival healing, it plays contrasting roles in myofibroblast differentiation and matrix synthesis respectively. Palatal healing is associated with scarring that can alter or restrict maxilla growth, but the expression pattern and contribution of periostin in palatal healing is unknown. Using periostin-knockout (Postn-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice, the contribution of periostin to palatal healing was investigated through 1.5 mm full-thickness excisional wounds in the hard palate. In WT mice, periostin was upregulated 6 days post-wounding, with mRNA levels peaking at day 12. Genetic deletion of periostin significantly reduced wound closure rates compared to WT mice. Absence of periostin reduced mRNA levels of pivotal genes in wound repair, including α-SMA/acta2, fibronectin and βigh3. Recruitment of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells, as visualized by immunofluorescent staining for fibroblast specific factor-1, vimentin, and macrophages markers Arginase-1 and iNOS was also impaired in Postn-/-, but not WT mice. Palatal fibroblasts isolated from the hard palate of mice were cultured on collagen gels and prefabricated silicon substrates with varying stiffness. Postn-/- fibroblasts showed a significantly reduced ability to contract a collagen gel, which was rescued by the exogenous addition of recombinant periostin. As the stiffness increased, Postn-/- fibroblasts increasingly differentiated into myofibroblasts, but not to the same degree as the WT. Pharmacological inhibition of Rac rescued the deficient myofibroblastic phenotype of Postn-/- cells. Low stiffness substrates (0.2 kPa) resulted in upregulation of fibronectin in WT cells, an effect which was significantly reduced in Postn-/- cells. Quantification of immunostaining for vinculin and integrinβ1 adhesions revealed that Periostin is required for the formation of focal and fibrillar adhesions in mPFBs. Our results suggest that periostin modulates myofibroblast differentiation and contraction via integrinβ1/RhoA pathway, and fibronectin synthesis in an ECM stiffness dependent manner in palatal healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Nikoloudaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Paige Snider
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Olga Simmons
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Simon J Conway
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Douglas W Hamilton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Division of Oral Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
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17
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Barber-Pérez N, Georgiadou M, Guzmán C, Isomursu A, Hamidi H, Ivaska J. Mechano-responsiveness of fibrillar adhesions on stiffness-gradient gels. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs242909. [PMID: 32393601 PMCID: PMC7328166 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar adhesions are important structural and adhesive components in fibroblasts, and are required for fibronectin fibrillogenesis. While nascent and focal adhesions are known to respond to mechanical cues, the mechanoresponsive nature of fibrillar adhesions remains unclear. Here, we used ratiometric analysis of paired adhesion components to determine an appropriate fibrillar adhesion marker. We found that active α5β1-integrin exhibits the most definitive fibrillar adhesion localization compared to other proteins, such as tensin-1, reported to be in fibrillar adhesions. To elucidate the mechanoresponsiveness of fibrillar adhesions, we designed a cost-effective and reproducible technique to fabricate physiologically relevant stiffness gradients on thin polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogels, embedded with fluorescently labelled beads. We generated a correlation curve between bead density and hydrogel stiffness, thus enabling a readout of stiffness without the need for specialized knowhow, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM). We find that stiffness promotes growth of fibrillar adhesions in a tensin-1-dependent manner. Thus, the formation of these extracellular matrix-depositing structures is coupled to the mechanical parameters of the cell environment and may enable cells to fine-tune their matrix environment in response to changing physical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Barber-Pérez
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Georgiadou
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Camilo Guzmán
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Aleksi Isomursu
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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18
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Lu J, Doyle AD, Shinsato Y, Wang S, Bodendorfer MA, Zheng M, Yamada KM. Basement Membrane Regulates Fibronectin Organization Using Sliding Focal Adhesions Driven by a Contractile Winch. Dev Cell 2020; 52:631-646.e4. [PMID: 32004443 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have discovered that basement membrane and its major components can induce rapid, strikingly robust fibronectin organization. In this new matrix assembly mechanism, α5β1 integrin-based focal adhesions slide actively on the underlying matrix toward the ventral cell center through the dynamic shortening of myosin IIA-associated actin stress fibers to drive rapid fibronectin fibrillogenesis distal to the adhesion. This mechanism contrasts with classical fibronectin assembly based on stable or fixed-position focal adhesions containing αVβ3 integrins plus α5β1 integrin translocation into proximal fibrillar adhesions. On basement membrane components, these sliding focal adhesions contain standard focal adhesion constituents but completely lack classical αVβ3 integrins. Instead, peripheral α3β1 or α2β1 adhesions mediate initial cell attachment but over time are switched to α5β1 integrin-based sliding focal adhesions to assemble fibronectin matrix. This basement-membrane-triggered mechanism produces rapid fibronectin fibrillogenesis, providing a mechanistic explanation for the well-known widespread accumulation of fibronectin at many organ basement membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Lu
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Andrew D Doyle
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoshinari Shinsato
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shaohe Wang
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Molly A Bodendorfer
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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19
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Doberenz F, Zeng K, Willems C, Zhang K, Groth T. Thermoresponsive polymers and their biomedical application in tissue engineering - a review. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:607-628. [PMID: 31939978 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02052g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive polymers hold great potential in the biomedical field, since they enable the fabrication of cell sheets, in situ drug delivery and 3D-printing under physiological conditions. In this review we provide an overview of several thermoresponsive polymers and their application, with focus on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-surfaces for cell sheet engineering. Basic knowledge of important processes like protein adsorption on surfaces and cell adhesion is provided. For different thermoresponsive polymers, namely PNIPAm, Pluronics, elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) and poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL), synthesis and basic chemical and physical properties have been described and the mechanism of their thermoresponsive behavior highlighted. Fabrication methods of thermoresponsive surfaces have been discussed, focusing on PNIPAm, and describing several methods in detail. The latter part of this review is dedicated to the application of the thermoresponsive polymers and with regard to cell sheet engineering, the process of temperature-dependent cell sheet detachment is explained. We provide insight into several applications of PNIPAm surfaces in cell sheet engineering. For Pluronics, ELP and PNVCL we show their application in the field of drug delivery and tissue engineering. We conclude, that research of thermoresponsive polymers has made big progress in recent years, especially for PNIPAm since the 1990s. However, manifold research possibilities, e.g. in surface fabrication and 3D-printing and further translational applications are conceivable in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falko Doberenz
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Kui Zeng
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Willems
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany. and Interdisciplinary Center of Material Science, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany and Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 1, 19991, Trubetskaya st. 8, Moscow, Russian Federation
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20
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Wright AA, Todorovic M, Murtaza M, St John JA, Ekberg JA. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and its binding partner HTRA1 are expressed by olfactory ensheathing cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 102:103450. [PMID: 31794879 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important regulator of innate immunity with key roles in neural regeneration and responses to pathogens, amongst a multitude of other functions. The expression of MIF and its binding partners has been characterised throughout the nervous system, with one key exception: the primary olfactory nervous system. Here, we showed in young mice (postnatal day 10) that MIF is expressed in the olfactory nerve by olfactory ensheathing glial cells (OECs) and by olfactory nerve fibroblasts. We also examined the expression of potential binding partners for MIF, and found that the serine protease HTRA1, known to be inhibited by MIF, was also expressed at high levels by OECs and olfactory fibroblasts in vivo and in vitro. We also demonstrated that MIF mediated segregation between OECs and J774a.1 cells (a monocyte/macrophage cell line) in co-culture, which suggests that MIF contributes to the fact that macrophages are largely absent from olfactory nerve fascicles. Phagocytosis assays of axonal debris demonstrated that MIF strongly stimulates phagocytosis by OECs, which indicates that MIF may play a role in the response of OECs to the continual turnover of olfactory axons that occurs throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Wright
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Todorovic
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Murtaza
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - J A St John
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - J A Ekberg
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
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21
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Huebsch N. Translational mechanobiology: Designing synthetic hydrogel matrices for improved in vitro models and cell-based therapies. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:97-111. [PMID: 31129361 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic hydrogels have ideal physiochemical properties to serve as reductionist mimics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) for studies on cellular mechanosensing. These studies range from basic observation of correlations between ECM mechanics and cell fate changes to molecular dissection of the underlying mechanisms. Despite intensive work on hydrogels to study mechanobiology, many fundamental questions regarding mechanosensing remain unanswered. In this review, I first discuss historical motivation for studying cellular mechanobiology, and challenges impeding this effort. I next overview recent efforts to engineer hydrogel properties to study cellular mechanosensing. Finally, I focus on in vitro modeling and cell-based therapies as applications of hydrogels that will exploit our ability to create micro-environments with physiologically relevant elasticity and viscoelasticity to control cell biology. These translational applications will not only use our current understanding of mechanobiology but will also bring new tools to study the fundamental problem of how cells sense their mechanical environment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hydrogels are an important tool for understanding how our cells can sense their mechanical environment, and to exploit that understanding in regenerative medicine. In the current review, I discuss historical work linking mechanics to cell behavior in vitro, and highlight the role hydrogels played in allowing us to understand how cells monitor mechanical cues. I then highlight potential translational applications of hydrogels with mechanical properties similar to those of the tissues where cells normally reside in our bodies, and discuss how these types of studies can provide clues to help us enhance our understanding of mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Huebsch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, United States.
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22
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Abstract
Cells need to be anchored to extracellular matrix (ECM) to survive, yet the role of ECM in guiding developmental processes, tissue homeostasis, and aging has long been underestimated. How ECM orchestrates the deterioration of healthy to pathological tissues, including fibrosis and cancer, also remains poorly understood. Inquiring how alterations in ECM fiber tension might drive these processes is timely, as mechanobiology is a rapidly growing field, and many novel mechanisms behind the mechanical forces that can regulate protein, cell, and tissue functions have recently been deciphered. The goal of this article is to review how forces can switch protein functions, and thus cell signaling, and thereby inspire new approaches to exploit the mechanobiology of ECM in regenerative medicine as well as for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Some of the mechanochemical switching concepts described here for ECM proteins are more general and apply to intracellular proteins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department for Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland;
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23
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Singhatanadgit W, Sungkhaphan P, Theerathanagorn T, Patntirapong S, Janvikul W. Analysis of sequential dual immobilization of type I collagen and BMP-2 short peptides on hydrolyzed poly(buthylene succinate)/ β-tricalcium phosphate composites for bone tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:351-364. [PMID: 31137998 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219852820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Singhatanadgit
- 1 Craniofacial Reconstruction Cluster, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | | | - Somying Patntirapong
- 3 Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wanida Janvikul
- 2 National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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24
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Nakanishi Y, Matsugaki A, Kawahara K, Ninomiya T, Sawada H, Nakano T. Unique arrangement of bone matrix orthogonal to osteoblast alignment controlled by Tspan11-mediated focal adhesion assembly. Biomaterials 2019; 209:103-110. [PMID: 31030082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During tissue construction, cells coordinate extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly depending on the cellular arrangement. The traditional understanding of the relationship between the ECM and cells is limited to the orientation-matched interaction between them. Indeed, it is commonly accepted that the bone matrix (collagen/apatite) is formed along osteoblast orientation. Nonetheless, our recent findings are contrary to the above theory; osteoblasts on nanogrooves organize formation of the bone matrix perpendicular to cell orientation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the orthogonal organization of bone matrix are still unknown. Here, we show that mature fibrillar focal adhesions (FAs) facilitate the perpendicular arrangement between cells and bone matrix. The osteoblasts aligned along nanogrooves expressed highly mature fibrillar FAs mediated by integrin clustering. Microarray analysis revealed that Tspan11, a member of the transmembrane tetraspanin protein family, was upregulated in cells on the nanogrooved surface compared with that in cells on isotropic, flat, or rough surfaces. Tspan11 silencing significantly disrupted osteoblast alignment and further construction of aligned bone matrix orthogonal to cell orientation. Our results demonstrate that the unique bone matrix formation orthogonal to cell alignment is facilitated by FA maturation. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to show that FA assembly mediated by Tspan11 determines the direction of bone matrix organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Nakanishi
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Aira Matsugaki
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawahara
- Canon Machinery Inc., Shiga 85 Minami Yamada-cho, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8511, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ninomiya
- Canon Machinery Inc., Shiga 85 Minami Yamada-cho, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sawada
- Canon Machinery Inc., Shiga 85 Minami Yamada-cho, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8511, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Clustering of integrin β cytoplasmic domains triggers nascent adhesion formation and reveals a protozoan origin of the integrin-talin interaction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5728. [PMID: 30952878 PMCID: PMC6450878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins and integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesions are essential for a number of physiological processes. Integrin function is tightly regulated via binding of cytoplasmic proteins to integrin intracellular domains. Yet, the complexity of cell-matrix adhesions in mammals, with more than 150 core adhesome proteins, complicates the analysis of integrin-associated protein complexes. Interestingly, the evolutionary origin of integrins dates back before the transition from unicellular life to complex multicellular animals. Though unicellular relatives of metazoa have a less complex adhesome, nothing is known about the initial steps of integrin activation and adhesion complex assembly in protozoa. Therefore, we developed a minimal, microscope-based system using chimeric integrins to investigate receptor-proximal events during focal adhesion assembly. Clustering of the human integrin β1 tail led to recruitment of talin, kindlin, and paxillin and mutation of the known talin binding site abolished recruitment of this protein. Proteins indirectly linked to integrins, such as vinculin, migfilin, p130CAS, or zyxin were not enriched around the integrin β1 tail. With the exception of integrin β4 and integrin β8, the cytoplasmic domains of all human integrin β subunits supported talin binding. Likewise, the cytoplasmic domains of integrin β subunits expressed by the protozoan Capsaspora owczarzaki readily recruited talin and this interaction was based on an evolutionary conserved NPXY/F amino acid motif. The results we present here validate the use of our novel microscopic assay to uncover details of integrin-based protein-protein interactions in a cellular context and suggest that talin binding to integrin β cytoplasmic tails is an ancient feature of integrin regulation.
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Bradshaw MJ, Hoffmann GA, Wong JY, Smith ML. Fibronectin fiber creep under constant force loading. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:78-85. [PMID: 30780000 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viscoelasticity is a fundamental property of virtually all biological materials, and proteinaceous, fibrous materials that constitute the extracellular matrix (ECM) are no exception. Viscoelasticity may be particularly important in the ECM since cells can apply mechanical stress resulting from cell contractility over very long periods of time. However, measurements of ECM fiber response to long-term constant force loading are scarce, despite the increasing recognition that mechanical strain regulates the biological function of some ECM fibers. We developed a dual micropipette system that applies constant force to single fibers for up to 8 h. We utilized this system to study the time dependent response of fibronectin (Fn) fibers to constant force, as Fn fibers exhibit tremendous extensibility before mechanical failure as well as strain dependent alterations in biological properties. These data demonstrate the Fn fibers continue to stretch under constant force loading for at least 8 h and that this long-term creep results in plastic deformation of Fn fibers, in contrast to elastic deformation of Fn fibers under short-term, but fast loading rate extension. These data demonstrate that physiologically-relevant loading may impart mechanical features to Fn fibers by switching them into an extended state that may have altered biological functions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Measurements of extracellular matrix (ECM) fiber response to constant force loading are scarce, so we developed a novel technique for applying constant force to single ECM fibers. We used this technique to measure constant force creep of fibronectin fibers since these fibers have been shown to be mechanotransducers whose functions can be altered by mechanical strain. We found that fibronectin fibers creep under constant force loading for the duration of the experiment and that this creep behavior resembles a power law. Furthermore, we found that constant force creep results in plastic deformation of the fibers, which suggests that the mechanobiological switching of fibronectin can only occur once after long-term loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Bradshaw
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Gwendolyn A Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Joyce Y Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Michael L Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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The small GTPase RhoG regulates microtubule-mediated focal adhesion disassembly. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5163. [PMID: 30914742 PMCID: PMC6435757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FA) are a complex network of proteins that allow the cell to form physical contacts with the extracellular matrix (ECM). FA assemble and disassemble in a dynamic process, orchestrated by a variety of cellular components. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate adhesion turnover remain poorly understood. Here we show that RhoG, a Rho GTPase related to Rac, modulates FA dynamics. When RhoG expression is silenced, FA are more stable and live longer, resulting in an increase in the number and size of adhesions, which are also more mature and fibrillar-like. Silencing RhoG also increases the number and thickness of stress fibers, which are sensitive to blebbistatin, suggesting contractility is increased. The molecular mechanism by which RhoG regulates adhesion turnover is yet to be characterized, but our results demonstrate that RhoG plays a role in the regulation of microtubule-mediated FA disassembly.
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Weidt A, Mayr SG, Zink M. Influence of Topological Cues on Fibronectin Adsorption and Contact Guidance of Fibroblasts on Microgrooved Titanium. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1066-1077. [PMID: 35021357 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The choice of suitable nano- and microstructures of biomaterials is crucial for successful implant integration within the human body. In particular, surface characteristics affect the adsorption of various extra cellular matrix proteins. This work illustrates the interaction of protein adsorption and early cell adhesion on bulk microstructured titanium surfaces with parallel grooves of 27 to 35 μm widths and 15 to 19 μm depths, respectively. In contact with low concentrated fibronectin solutions, distinct adsorption patterns are observed on the edges of the ridges. Moreover, NIH/3T3 fibroblasts cultured in serum-free medium for 1 h, 3 h, and 1 day show enhanced early cell adhesion on fibronectin coated samples compared to uncoated ones. In fact, early adhesion and cell contacts occur mainly on the groove edges where fibronectin adsorption was preferentially detected. Such adsorption patterns support cellular contact guidance on short time scales since the adsorbed fibronectin proteins acted as a chemical boundary superimposing the topographical cues of the grooved microstructure. In fibronectin-free conditions, this chemical boundary is absent after cell seeding and initial cell-surface interaction. Here, cellular fibronectin released by the fibroblasts adsorbs along the grooves after 3 h and contact guidance occurs delayed. After 1 day, cell adhesion and cell morphology on uncoated and fibronectin coated titanium microgrooves were nearly equilibrated. Thus, surface structures can promote directed adsorption of low concentrated fibronectin, which, furthermore, facilitates early cell adhesion. These results give rise to new developments in surface engineering of biomedical implants for improved osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Weidt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan G Mayr
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Klohonatz KM, Nulton LC, Hess AM, Bouma GJ, Bruemmer JE. The role of embryo contact and focal adhesions during maternal recognition of pregnancy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213322. [PMID: 30835748 PMCID: PMC6400379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) in the mare is an unknown process. In a non-pregnant mare on day 14 post-ovulation (PO), prostaglandin F2α (PGF) is secreted by the endometrium causing regression of the corpus luteum. Prior to day 14, MRP must occur in order to attenuate secretion of PGF. The embryo is mobile throughout the uterus due to uterine contractions from day of entry to day 14. It is unknown what signaling is occurring. Literature stated that infusing oil or placing a glass marble into the equine uterus prolongs luteal lifespan and that in non-pregnant mares, serum exosomes contain miRNA that are targeting the focal adhesion (FA) pathway. The hypothesis of this study is embryo contact with endometrium causes a change in abundance of focal adhesion molecules (FA) in the endometrium leading to decrease in PGF secretion. Mares (n = 3/day) were utilized in a cross-over design with each mare serving as a pregnant and non-pregnant (non-mated) control on days 9 and 11 PO. Mares were randomly assigned to collection day and endometrial samples and embryos were collected on the specified day. Biopsy samples were divided into five pieces, four for culture for 24 hours and one immediately snap frozen. Endometrial biopsies for culture were placed in an incubator with one of four treatments: [1] an embryo in contact on the luminal side of the endometrium, [2] beads in contact on the luminal side of the endometrium, [3] peanut oil in contact on the luminal side of the endometrium or [4] the endometrium by itself. Biopsies and culture medium were frozen for further analysis. RNA and protein were isolated from biopsies for PCR and Western blot analysis for FA. PGF assays were performed on culture medium to determine concentration of PGF. Statistics were performed using SAS (P ≤ 0.05 indicated significance). The presence of beads on day 9 impacted samples from pregnant mares more than non-pregnant mares and had very little impact on day 11. Presence of oil decreased FA in samples from pregnant mares on day 9. On day 11, oil decreased FA abundance in samples from non-pregnant mares. Embryo contact caused multiple changes in RNA and protein abundance in endometrium from both pregnant and non-pregnant mares. The PGF secretion after 24 hours with each treatment was also determined. On day 9, there was no change in PGF secretion compared to any treatments. On day 11, presence of peanut oil increased PGF secretion in samples from non-pregnant mares. In samples from non-pregnant mares, presence of an embryo decreased PGF secretion compared to control samples from non-pregnant mares. Results revealed that while beads and peanut oil may impact abundance of FA RNA and protein in endometrial samples, it does not appear to impact PGF secretion. Conversely, embryo contact for 24 hours with endometrium from a non-pregnant mare causes a decrease in PGF secretion. These results suggest that it is not just contact of any substance/object causing attenuation of PGF secretion, but the embryo itself is necessary to decrease PGF secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Klohonatz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - L. C. Nulton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - A. M. Hess
- Department of Statistics and Bioinformatics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - G. J. Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - J. E. Bruemmer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Isomursu A, Lerche M, Taskinen ME, Ivaska J, Peuhu E. Integrin signaling and mechanotransduction in regulation of somatic stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 378:217-225. [PMID: 30817927 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells are characterized by their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, making them integral for normal tissue homeostasis. Different stem cell functions are strongly affected by the specialized microenvironment surrounding the cells. Consisting of soluble signaling factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands and other cells, but also biomechanical cues such as the viscoelasticity and topography of the ECM, these factors are collectively known as the niche. Cell-ECM interactions are mediated largely by integrins, a class of heterodimeric cell adhesion molecules. Integrins bind their ligands in the extracellular space and associate with the cytoskeleton inside the cell, forming a direct mechanical link between the cells and their surroundings. Indeed, recent findings have highlighted the importance of integrins in translating biophysical cues into changes in cell signaling and function, a multistep process known as mechanotransduction. The mechanical properties of the stem cell niche are important, yet the underlying molecular details of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction in stem cells, especially the roles of the different integrin heterodimers, remain elusive. Here, we introduce the reader to the concept of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction, summarize current knowledge on the role of integrin signaling and mechanotransduction in regulation of somatic stem cell functions, and discuss open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi Isomursu
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Martina Lerche
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria E Taskinen
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Emilia Peuhu
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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31
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Schwager SC, Taufalele PV, Reinhart-King CA. Cell-Cell Mechanical Communication in Cancer. Cell Mol Bioeng 2019; 12:1-14. [PMID: 31565083 PMCID: PMC6764766 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-00564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between cancer cells enables cancer progression and metastasis. While cell-cell communication in cancer has primarily been examined through chemical mechanisms, recent evidence suggests that mechanical communication through cell-cell junctions and cell-ECM linkages is also an important mediator of cancer progression. Cancer and stromal cells remodel the ECM through a variety of mechanisms, including matrix degradation, cross-linking, deposition, and physical remodeling. Cancer cells sense these mechanical environmental changes through cell-matrix adhesion complexes and subsequently alter their tension between both neighboring cells and the surrounding matrix, thereby altering the force landscape within the microenvironment. This communication not only allows cancer cells to communicate with each other, but allows stromal cells to communicate with cancer cells through matrix remodeling. Here, we review the mechanisms of intercellular force transmission, the subsequent matrix remodeling, and the implications of this mechanical communication on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C. Schwager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351631, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
| | - Paul V. Taufalele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351631, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
| | - Cynthia A. Reinhart-King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351631, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
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32
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VanderBurgh JA, Hotchkiss H, Potharazu A, Taufalele PV, Reinhart-King CA. Substrate stiffness heterogeneities disrupt endothelial barrier integrity in a micropillar model of heterogeneous vascular stiffening. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 10:734-746. [PMID: 30382278 PMCID: PMC6301132 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00124c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intimal stiffening has been linked with increased vascular permeability and leukocyte transmigration, hallmarks of atherosclerosis. However, recent evidence indicates age-related intimal stiffening is not uniform but rather characterized by increased point-to-point heterogeneity in subendothelial matrix stiffness, the impact of which is much less understood. To investigate the impact of spatially heterogeneous matrix rigidity on endothelial monolayer integrity, we develop a micropillar model to introduce closely-spaced, step-changes in substrate rigidity and compare endothelial monolayer phenotype to rigidity-matched, uniformly stiff and compliant substrates. We found equivalent disruption of adherens junctions within monolayers on step-rigidity and uniformly stiff substrates relative to uniformly compliant substrates. Similarly, monolayers cultured on step-rigidity substrates exhibited equivalent percentages of leukocyte transmigration to monolayers on rigidity-matched, uniformly stiff substrates. Adherens junction tension and focal adhesion density, but not size, increased within monolayers on step-rigidity and uniformly stiff substrates compared to more compliant substrates suggesting that elevated tension is disrupting adherens junction integrity. Leukocyte transmigration frequency and time, focal adhesion size, and focal adhesion density did not differ between stiff and compliant sub-regions of step-rigidity substrates. Overall, our results suggest that endothelial monolayers exposed to mechanically heterogeneous substrates adopt the phenotype associated with the stiffer matrix, indicating that spatial heterogeneities in intimal stiffness observed with age could disrupt endothelial barrier integrity and contribute to atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. VanderBurgh
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Halie Hotchkiss
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Archit Potharazu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Paul V. Taufalele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Cynthia A. Reinhart-King
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Kaklamani G, Kazaryan D, Bowen J, Iacovella F, Anastasiadis SH, Deligeorgis G. On the electrical conductivity of alginate hydrogels. Regen Biomater 2018; 5:293-301. [PMID: 30338127 PMCID: PMC6184632 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rby019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have been extensively used in the field of biomedical applications, offering customizable natural, synthetic or hybrid materials, particularly relevant in the field of tissue engineering. In the bioelectronics discipline, hydrogels are promising mainly as sensing platforms with or without encapsulated cells, showing great potential in healthcare and medicine. However, to date there is little data in the literature which characterizes the electrical properties of tissue engineering materials which are relevant to bioelectronics. In this work, we present electrical characterization of alginate hydrogels, a natural polysaccharide, using a four-probe method similar to electrical impedance spectroscopy. The acquired conductance data show distinct frequency-dependent features that change as a function of alginate and crosslinker concentration reflecting ion kinetics inside the measured sample. Furthermore, the presence of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts encapsulated in the hydrogels matrix was found to alter the artificial tissue's electrical properties. The method used provides valuable insight to the frequency-dependent electrical response of the resulting systems. It is hoped that the outcome of this research will be of use in the development of cell/electronic interfaces, possibly toward diagnostic biosensors and therapeutic bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kaklamani
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Diana Kazaryan
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - James Bowen
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK and
| | - Fabrice Iacovella
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Spiros H Anastasiadis
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Deligeorgis
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Kim DH, Cui LH, Seo HR, Joo HJ, Choi SC, Lim DS, Lee KB. Fabrication of Gradient Nanopattern by Thermal Nanoimprinting Technique and Screening of the Response of Human Endothelial Colony-forming Cells. J Vis Exp 2018:57661. [PMID: 30010660 PMCID: PMC6102024 DOI: 10.3791/57661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotopography can be found in various extracellular matrices (ECMs) around the body and is known to have important regulatory actions upon cellular reactions. However, it is difficult to determine the relation between the size of a nanostructure and the responses of cells owing to the lack of proper screening tools. Here, we show the development of reproducible and cost-effective gradient nanopattern plates for the manipulation of cellular responses. Using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as a master mold, gradient nanopattern plates with nanopillars of increasing diameter ranges [120-200 nm (GP 120/200), 200-280 nm (GP 200/280), and 280-360 nm (GP 280/360)] were fabricated by a thermal imprinting technique. These gradient nanopattern plates were designed to mimic the various sizes of nanotopography in the ECM and were used to screen the responses of human endothelial colony-forming cells (hECFCs). In this protocol, we describe the step-by-step procedure of fabricating gradient nanopattern plates for cell engineering, techniques of cultivating hECFCs from human peripheral blood, and culturing hECFCs on nanopattern plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hwan Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University
| | - Long-Hui Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Anam Hospital
| | - Ha-Rim Seo
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Anam Hospital
| | - Hyung Joon Joo
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Anam Hospital
| | | | - Do-Sun Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Anam Hospital;
| | - Kyu Back Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University;
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Lin CH, Jokela T, Gray J, LaBarge MA. Combinatorial Microenvironments Impose a Continuum of Cellular Responses to a Single Pathway-Targeted Anti-cancer Compound. Cell Rep 2018; 21:533-545. [PMID: 29020637 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments are a driver of resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Dissecting cell-microenvironment interactions into tractable units of study presents a challenge. Here, we assess the impact of hundreds of tumor-inspired microenvironments, in parallel, on lapatinib responses in four cancer cell lines. Combinations of ECM and soluble factors were printed on stiffness-tunable substrata to generate a collection of controlled microenvironments in which to explore cell-based functional responses. Proliferation, HER2 protein expression and phosphorylation, and morphology were measured in single cells. Using dimension reduction and linear modeling, the effects of microenvironment constituents were identified and then validated empirically. Each of the cell lines exhibits unique microenvironment-response patterns. Fibronectin, type IV collagen, and matrix rigidity are significant regulators of lapatinib resistance in HER2-amplified breast cancer cells. Small-molecule inhibitors were identified that could attenuate microenvironment-imposed resistance. Thus, we demonstrate a strategy to identify resistance- and sensitivity-driving microenvironments to improve the efficacy of anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Lin
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tiina Jokela
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Center for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Joe Gray
- Department of Bioengineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Mark A LaBarge
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen 5009, Norway.
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Malandrino A, Mak M, Kamm RD, Moeendarbary E. Complex mechanics of the heterogeneous extracellular matrix in cancer. EXTREME MECHANICS LETTERS 2018; 21:25-34. [PMID: 30135864 PMCID: PMC6097546 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) performs many critical functions, one of which is to provide structural and mechanical integrity, and many of the constituent proteins have clear mechanical roles. The composition and structural characteristics of the ECM are widely variable among different tissues, suiting diverse functional needs. In diseased tissues, particularly solid tumors, the ECM is complex and influences disease progression. Cancer and stromal cells can significantly influence the matrix composition and structure and thus the mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we describe the interactions that give rise to the structural heterogeneity of the ECM and present the techniques that are widely employed to measure ECM properties and remodeling dynamics. Furthermore, we review the tools for measuring the distinct nature of cell-ECM interactions within the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Malandrino
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Mak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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Strategic Design and Fabrication of Biomimetic 3D Scaffolds: Unique Architectures of Extracellular Matrices for Enhanced Adipogenesis and Soft Tissue Reconstruction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5696. [PMID: 29632328 PMCID: PMC5890269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The higher rate of soft tissue impairment due to lumpectomy or other trauma greatly requires the restoration of the irreversibly lost subcutaneous adipose tissues. The nanofibers fabricated by conventional electrospinning provide only a superficial porous structure due to its sheet like 2D structure and thereby hinder the cell infiltration and differentiation throughout the scaffolds. Thus we developed a novel electrospun 3D membrane using the zwitterionic poly (carboxybetaine-co-methyl methacrylate) co-polymer (CMMA) through electrostatic repulsion based electrospinning for soft tissue engineering. The inherent charges in the CMMA will aid the nanofiber to directly transform into a semiconductor and thereby transfer the immense static electricity from the grounded collector and will impart greater fluffiness to the scaffolds. The results suggest that the fabricated 3D nanofiber (CMMA 3NF) scaffolds possess nanofibers with larger inter connected pores and less dense structure compared to the conventional 2D scaffolds. The CMMA 3NF exhibits significant cues of soft tissue engineering such as enhanced biocompatibility as well as the faster regeneration of cells. Moreover the fabricated 3D scaffolds greatly assist the cells to develop into its stereoscopic topographies with an enhanced adipogenic property.
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Lin M, Mao S, Wang J, Xing J, Wang Y, Cai K, Luo Y. Adsorption force of fibronectin controls transmission of cell traction force and subsequent stem cell fate. Biomaterials 2018; 162:170-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Seetharaman S, Etienne-Manneville S. Integrin diversity brings specificity in mechanotransduction. Biol Cell 2018; 110:49-64. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201700060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Seetharaman
- Institut Pasteur Paris CNRS UMR3691; Cell Polarity; Migration and Cancer Unit; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Paris Cedex 15 France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris 75006 France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Institut Pasteur Paris CNRS UMR3691; Cell Polarity; Migration and Cancer Unit; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Paris Cedex 15 France
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40
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Malik-Sheriff RS, Imtiaz S, Grecco HE, Zamir E. Diverse patterns of molecular changes in the mechano-responsiveness of focal adhesions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2187. [PMID: 29391434 PMCID: PMC5795008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions anchor contractile actin fibers with the extracellular matrix, sense the generated tension and respond to it by changing their morphology and composition. Here we ask how this mechanosensing is enabled at the protein-network level, given the modular assembly and multitasking of focal adhesions. To address this, we applied a sensitive 4-color live cell imaging approach, enabling monitoring patterns of molecular changes in single focal adhesions. Co-imaging zyxin, FAK, vinculin and paxillin revealed heterogeneities in their responses to Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-mediated perturbations of actomyosin contractility. These responses were rather weakly correlated between the proteins, reflecting diverse compositional changes in different focal adhesions. This diversity is partially attributable to the location of focal adhesions, their area, molecular content and previous contractility perturbations, suggesting that integration of multiple local cues shapes differentially focal adhesion mechano-responsiveness. Importantly, the compositional changes upon ROCK perturbations exhibited distinct paths in different focal adhesions. Moreover, the protein exhibiting the strongest response to ROCK perturbations varied among different focal adhesions. The diversity in response patterns is plausibly enabled by the modular mode of focal adhesions assembly and can provide them the needed flexibility to perform multiple tasks by combining optimally a common set of multifunctional components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahuman S Malik-Sheriff
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Imtiaz
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hernán E Grecco
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Physics, FCEN, University of Buenos Aires and IFIBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eli Zamir
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany. .,Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Nguyen HG, Metavarayuth K, Wang Q. Upregulation of osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells with virus-based thin films. Nanotheranostics 2018; 2:42-58. [PMID: 29291162 PMCID: PMC5743837 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.19974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A major aim of tissue engineering is to develop biomimetic scaffolding materials that can guide the proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation of multipotent stem cells into specific lineages. Cellular functions can be controlled by the interactions between cells and biomaterials. Therefore, the surface chemistry and topography of support materials play a pivotal role in modulating cell behaviors at many stages of cell growth and development. Due to their highly ordered structure and programmable surface chemistries, which provide unique topography as biomaterials, viral nanoparticles have been utilized as building blocks for targeted cell growth and differentiation. This review article discusses the fabrication of two-dimensional virus-based thin film on substrates and highlights the study of the effect of chemical and physical cues introduced by plant virus nanoparticle thin films on the promotion of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Giang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Kamolrat Metavarayuth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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42
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Cui LH, Joo HJ, Kim DH, Seo HR, Kim JS, Choi SC, Huang LH, Na JE, Lim IR, Kim JH, Rhyu IJ, Hong SJ, Lee KB, Lim DS. Manipulation of the response of human endothelial colony-forming cells by focal adhesion assembly using gradient nanopattern plates. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:272-282. [PMID: 29037896 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanotopography plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cellular responses. Nonetheless, little is known about how the gradient size of nanostructural stimuli alters the responses of endothelial progenitor cells without chemical factors. Herein, the fabrication of gradient nanopattern plates intended to mimic microenvironment nanotopography is described. The gradient nanopattern plates consist of nanopillars of increasing diameter ranges [120-200 nm (GP 120/200), 200-280 nm (GP 200/280), and 280-360 nm (GP 280/360)] that were used to screen the responses of human endothelial colony-forming cells (hECFCs). Nanopillars with a smaller nanopillar diameter caused the cell area and perimeter of hECFCs to decrease and their filopodial outgrowth to increase. The structure of vinculin (a focal adhesion marker in hECFCs) was also modulated by nanostructural stimuli of the gradient nanopattern plates. Moreover, Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) gene expression was significantly higher in hECFCs cultured on GP 120/200 than in those on flat plates (no nanopillars), and ROCK suppression impaired the nanostructural-stimuli-induced vinculin assembly. These results suggest that the gradient nanopattern plates generate size-specific nanostructural stimuli suitable for manipulation of the response of hECFCs, in a process dependent on ROCK signaling. This is the first evidence of size-specific nanostructure-sensing behavior of hECFCs. SIGNIFICANCE Nano feature surfaces are of growing interest as materials for a controlled response of various cells. In this study, we successfully fabricated gradient nanopattern plates to manipulate the response of blood-derived hECFCs without any chemical stimulation. Interestingly, we find that the sensitive nanopillar size for manipulation of hECFCs is range between 120 nm and 200 nm, which decreased the area and increased the filopodial outgrowth of hECFCs. Furthermore, we only modulate the nanopillar size to increase ROCK expression can be an attractive method for modulating the cytoskeletal integrity and focal adhesion of hECFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Hui Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Joo
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Rim Seo
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Suk Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Cheol Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Na
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - I-Rang Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Jun Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Back Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do-Sun Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Arnoldini S, Moscaroli A, Chabria M, Hilbert M, Hertig S, Schibli R, Béhé M, Vogel V. Novel peptide probes to assess the tensional state of fibronectin fibers in cancer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1793. [PMID: 29176724 PMCID: PMC5702617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Transformations of extracellular matrix (ECM) accompany pathological tissue changes, yet how cell-ECM crosstalk drives these processes remains unknown as adequate tools to probe forces or mechanical strains in tissues are lacking. Here, we introduce a new nanoprobe to assess the mechanical strain of fibronectin (Fn) fibers in tissue, based on the bacterial Fn-binding peptide FnBPA5. FnBPA5 exhibits nM binding affinity to relaxed, but not stretched Fn fibers and is shown to exhibit strain-sensitive ECM binding in cell culture in a comparison with an established Fn-FRET probe. Staining of tumor tissue cryosections shows large regions of relaxed Fn fibers and injection of radiolabeled 111In-FnBPA5 in a prostate cancer mouse model reveals specific accumulation of 111In-FnBPA5 in tumor with prolonged retention compared to other organs. The herein presented approach enables to investigate how Fn fiber strain at the tissue level impacts cell signaling and pathological progression in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Arnoldini
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Moscaroli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, OIPA/103, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Mamta Chabria
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Hilbert
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, OFLC/102, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Hertig
- Hertig Visualizations, Technikumstrasse 10B, 3400, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, OIPA/103, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,Institute for Pharamaceutical Science, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Béhé
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, OIPA/103, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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44
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Darnell M, Mooney DJ. Leveraging advances in biology to design biomaterials. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:1178-1185. [PMID: 29170558 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials have dramatically increased in functionality and complexity, allowing unprecedented control over the cells that interact with them. From these engineering advances arises the prospect of improved biomaterial-based therapies, yet practical constraints favour simplicity. Tools from the biology community are enabling high-resolution and high-throughput bioassays that, if incorporated into a biomaterial design framework, could help achieve unprecedented functionality while minimizing the complexity of designs by identifying the most important material parameters and biological outputs. However, to avoid data explosions and to effectively match the information content of an assay with the goal of the experiment, material screens and bioassays must be arranged in specific ways. By borrowing methods to design experiments and workflows from the bioprocess engineering community, we outline a framework for the incorporation of next-generation bioassays into biomaterials design to effectively optimize function while minimizing complexity. This framework can inspire biomaterials designs that maximize functionality and translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Darnell
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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45
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Alakpa EV, Burgess KEV, Chung P, Riehle MO, Gadegaard N, Dalby MJ, Cusack M. Nacre Topography Produces Higher Crystallinity in Bone than Chemically Induced Osteogenesis. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6717-6727. [PMID: 28665112 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is counterintuitive that invertebrate shells can induce bone formation, yet nacre, or mother of pearl, from marine shells is both osteoinductive and osteointegrative. Nacre is composed of aragonite (calcium carbonate) and induces production of vertebrate bone (calcium phosphate). Exploited by the Mayans for dental implants, this remarkable phenomenon has been confirmed in vitro and in vivo, yet the characteristic of nacre that induces bone formation remains unknown. By isolating nacre topography from its inherent chemistry in the production of polycaprolactone (PCL) nacre replica, we show that, for mesenchymal stem cells, nacre topography is osteoinductive. Gene expression of specific bone marker proteins, osteopontin, osteocalcin, osteonectin, and osterix, is increased 10-, 2-, 1.7-, and 1.8-fold, respectively, when compared to planar PCL. Furthermore, we demonstrate that bone tissue that forms in response to the physical topographical features of nacre has a higher crystallinity than bone formed in response to chemical cues with a full width half-maximum for PO43- Raman shift of 7.6 ± 0.7 for mineral produced in response to nacre replica compared to a much broader 34.6 ± 10.1 in response to standard osteoinductive medium. These differences in mineral product are underpinned by differences in cellular metabolism. This observation can be exploited in the design of bone therapies; a matter that is most pressing in light of a rapidly aging human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enateri V Alakpa
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow , Gregory Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Karl E V Burgess
- Scottish Polyomics Facility, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Chung
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow , Gregory Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mathis O Riehle
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew John Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Maggie Cusack
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling , Cottrell Building, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
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46
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Fibronectin promotes directional persistence in fibroblast migration through interactions with both its cell-binding and heparin-binding domains. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623309 PMCID: PMC5473823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise mechanisms through which insoluble, cell-adhesive ligands induce and regulate directional cell migration remain obscure. We recently demonstrated that elevated surface density of physically adsorbed plasma fibronectin (FN) promotes high directional persistence in fibroblast migration. While cell-FN association through integrins α5β1 and αvβ3 was necessary, substrates that selectively engaged these integrins did not support the phenotype. We here show that high directional persistence necessitates a combination of the cell-binding and C-terminal heparin-binding domains of FN, but does not require the engagement of syndecan-4 or integrin α4β1. FN treatment with various fixation agents indicated that associated changes in fibroblast motility were due to biochemical changes, rather than alterations in its physical state. The nature of the coating determined the ability of fibroblasts to assemble endogenous or exogenous FN, while FN fibrillogenesis played a minor, but significant, role in regulating directionality. Interestingly, knockdown of cellular FN abolished cell motility altogether, demonstrating a requirement for intracellular processes in enabling fibroblast migration on FN. Lastly, kinase inhibition experiments revealed that regulation of cell speed and directional persistence are decoupled. Hence, we have identified factors that render full-length FN a promoter of directional migration and discuss the possible, relevant mechanisms.
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47
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Jones JCR, Kam CY, Harmon RM, Woychek AV, Hopkinson SB, Green KJ. Intermediate Filaments and the Plasma Membrane. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:9/1/a025866. [PMID: 28049646 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A variety of intermediate filament (IF) types show intricate association with plasma membrane proteins, including receptors and adhesion molecules. The molecular basis of linkage of IFs to desmosomes at sites of cell-cell interaction and hemidesmosomes at sites of cell-matrix adhesion has been elucidated and involves IF-associated proteins. However, IFs also interact with focal adhesions and cell-surface molecules, including dystroglycan. Through such membrane interactions, it is well accepted that IFs play important roles in the establishment and maintenance of tissue integrity. However, by organizing cell-surface complexes, IFs likely regulate, albeit indirectly, signaling pathways that are key to tissue homeostasis and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C R Jones
- The School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Chen Yuan Kam
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Robert M Harmon
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Alexandra V Woychek
- The School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Susan B Hopkinson
- The School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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48
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Veß A, Blache U, Leitner L, Kurz AR, Ehrenpfordt A, Sixt M, Posern G. Dual phenotype of MDA-MB-468 cancer cells reveals mutual regulation of tensin3 and adhesion plasticity. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2172-2184. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.200899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity between adhesive and less-adhesive states is important for mammalian cell behaviour. To investigate adhesion plasticity, we have selected a stable isogenic subpopulation of MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells which grows in suspension. These suspension cells are unable to re-adhere to various matrices or to contract three-dimensional collagen lattices. By transcriptome analysis, we identified the focal adhesion protein tensin3 (Tns3) as a determinant of adhesion plasticity. Tns3 is strongly reduced on mRNA and protein level in suspension cells. Furthermore, challenging breast cancer cells transiently with non-adherent conditions markedly reduces Tns3 expression, which is regained upon re-adhesion. Stable knockdown of Tns3 in parental cells results in defective adhesion, spreading and migration. Tns3 knockdown cells display impaired structure and dynamics of focal adhesion complexes as determined by immunostaining. Restoration of Tns3 expression in suspension cells partially rescues adhesion and focal contact composition. Our work identifies Tns3 as a critical focal adhesion component regulated by, and functionally contributing to, the switch between adhesive and non-adhesive states in MDA-MB-468 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Veß
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrich Blache
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
- current address: Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, University Hospital Zürich, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- current address: Laboratory for Orthopedic Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Leitner
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried near Munich, Germany
| | - Angela R.M. Kurz
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried near Munich, Germany
- current address: Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Anja Ehrenpfordt
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Guido Posern
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried near Munich, Germany
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49
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Blangy A. Tensins are versatile regulators of Rho GTPase signalling and cell adhesion. Biol Cell 2016; 109:115-126. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201600053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Blangy
- CNRS; UMR 5237 CRBM; Montpellier France
- Montpellier University; Montpellier France
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50
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Murshid SA. The role of osteocytes during experimental orthodontic tooth movement: A review. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 73:25-33. [PMID: 27653146 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the types of orthodontic force-induced mechanical stimuli that regulate osteocyte function. DESIGN In orthodontics, a tooth can be moved through the alveolar bone when an appropriate orthodontic force is applied. These mechanical loads stimulate cells within the bone tissue around the tooth. These cellular responses lead to bone resorption on the side of the tooth where the pressure has been applied and bone deposition on the side of the tooth experiencing tension. Recently, osteocytes were identified to function as mechano-sensory cells in bone tissue that direct bone resorption and bone formation. Based on recent literature, the proposed function of osteocytes during orthodontic tooth movement is explored with better understanding. RESULTS Several stimuli regulating osteocyte function have been highlighted, and their potential roles in events initiating osteocyte sensing of orthodontic force have been explored in detail. The most popular hypotheses for osteocyte response include stress-induced bone matrix deformation/microcrack formation and fluid-flow shear stress. CONCLUSIONS Understanding osteocyte function under mechanical stress may have profound implications in future orthodontic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhr A Murshid
- Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Thamar City, Yemen.
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