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Connor MG, Hamon MA. Advances in regulation of homeostasis through chromatin modifications by airway commensals. Curr Opin Microbiol 2024; 80:102505. [PMID: 38936013 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Commensal bacteria are residents of the human airway where they interact with both colonizing pathogens and host respiratory epithelial cells of this mucosal surface. It is here that commensals exert their influence through host signaling cascades, host transcriptional responses and host immunity, all of which are rooted in chromatin remodeling and histone modifications. Recent studies show that airway commensals impact host chromatin, but compared the what is known for gut commensals, the field remains in its infancy. The mechanisms by which airway commensals regulate respiratory health and homeostasis through chromatin modifications is of increasing interest, specifically since their displacement precedes the increased potential for respiratory disease. Herein we will discuss recent advances and intriguing avenues of future work aimed at deciphering how airway commensals protect and influence respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Connor
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Unité Chromatine et Infection, F-75015 Paris, France.
| | - Melanie A Hamon
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Unité Chromatine et Infection, F-75015 Paris, France.
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2
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Zajac D, Wojciechowski P. The Role of Vitamins in the Pathogenesis of Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108574. [PMID: 37239921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamins play a crucial role in the proper functioning of organisms. Disturbances of their levels, seen as deficiency or excess, enhance the development of various diseases, including those of the cardiovascular, immune, or respiratory systems. The present paper aims to summarize the role of vitamins in one of the most common diseases of the respiratory system, asthma. This narrative review describes the influence of vitamins on asthma and its main symptoms such as bronchial hyperreactivity, airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and airway remodeling, as well as the correlation between vitamin intake and levels and the risk of asthma in both pre- and postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Zajac
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Piotr Wojciechowski
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
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Munakata S, Watanabe T, Takahashi T, Kimuro S, Ishimori K, Hashizume T. Development of a micronucleus test using the EpiAirway™ organotypic human airway model. Genes Environ 2023; 45:14. [PMID: 37046355 PMCID: PMC10099928 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of organotypic human tissue models in genotoxicity has increased as an alternative to animal testing. Genotoxicity is generally examined using a battery of in vitro assays such as Ames and micronucleus (MN) tests that cover gene mutations and structural and numerical chromosome aberrations. At the 7th International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing, working group members agreed that the skin models have reached an advanced stage of maturity, while further efforts in liver and airway models are needed [Pfuhler et al., Mutat. Res. 850-851 (2020) 503135]. Organotypic human airway model is composed of fully differentiated and functional respiratory epithelium. However, because cell proliferation in organotypic airway models is thought to be less active, assessing their MN-inducing potential is an issue, even in the cytokinesis-blocking approach using cytochalasin B (CB) [Wang et al., Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 62 (2021) 306-318]. Here, we developed a MN test using EpiAirway™ in which epidermal growth factor (EGF) was included as a stimulant of cell division. RESULTS By incubating EpiAirway™ tissue with medium containing various concentrations of CB, we found that the percentage of binucleated cells (%BNCs) almost plateaued at 3 μg/mL CB for 72 h incubation. Additionally, we confirmed that EGF stimulation with CB incubation produced an additional increase in %BNCs with a peak at 5 ng/mL EGF. Transepithelial electrical resistance measurement and tissue histology revealed that CB incubation caused the reduced barrier integrity and cyst formation in EpiAirway™. Adenylate kinase assay confirmed that the cytotoxicity increased with each day of culture in the CB incubation period with EGF stimulation. These results indicated that chemical treatment should be conducted prior to CB incubation. Under these experimental conditions, it was confirmed that the frequency of micronucleated cells was dose-dependently increased by apical applications of two clastogens, mitomycin C and methyl methanesulfonate, and an aneugen, colchicine, at the subcytotoxic concentrations assessed in %BNCs. CONCLUSIONS Well-studied genotoxicants demonstrated capability in an organotypic human airway model as a MN test system. For further utilization, investigations of aerosol exposure, repeating exposure protocol, and metabolic activation are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Munakata
- Scientific Product Assessment Center, Japan Tobacco Inc, 6-2, Umegaoka, Aoba-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan
| | - Taku Watanabe
- Scientific Product Assessment Center, Japan Tobacco Inc, 6-2, Umegaoka, Aoba-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Takahashi
- Scientific Product Assessment Center, Japan Tobacco Inc, 6-2, Umegaoka, Aoba-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan
| | - Shiori Kimuro
- Scientific Product Assessment Center, Japan Tobacco Inc, 6-2, Umegaoka, Aoba-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan
| | - Kanae Ishimori
- Scientific Product Assessment Center, Japan Tobacco Inc, 6-2, Umegaoka, Aoba-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Hashizume
- Scientific Product Assessment Center, Japan Tobacco Inc, 6-2, Umegaoka, Aoba-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan.
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Pimenta BL, Menezes TP, Louise V, Dias FCR, Machado BAA, Ribeiro L, Pinto KMDC, Talvani A. Protective effects of Theracurmin treatment during experimental infection of the Colombian strain of Trypanosoma cruzi at the testicular site. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1143360. [PMID: 37033490 PMCID: PMC10079985 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1143360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chagas' disease is a tropical neglected illness caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and remains one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in South and Central Americas. The disease is caused by a moderate to intense and persistent inflammatory response characterized by local upregulated expression and production of inflammatory mediators that favors the activation and recruitment of distinct cells of the immune system into different tissues to eliminate the parasites. Theracurmin is a curcumin's derived formulation of nanoparticles. Its anti-inflammatory properties make this bioactive compound a mitigating factor in pathological cases after an overwhelming inflammatory response. Methods Our research focused on the testicular investigation in 28 mice infected by 103 trypomastigote forms of Colombian strain of T. cruzi and preventively treated with Theracurmin. The mice were treated with 30 mg/Kg of Theracurmin during the period of 30 days. At the 30th day post infection animals were euthanized, and its testicles were collected to morphological and immunological assays. Results The animals infected and treated with Theracurmin presented a reduction in the testicular levels of IL-15 and IL-6. The volume density (%) of the tunica propria was also higher in all infected animals, but Theracurmin decreased this parameter in the treated animals. In the intertubular area, the percentage of some intertubular components was decreased in the infected animals such as the percentage and volume of Leydig cells, connective tissue, and macrophages. Discussion Furthermore, our data pointed to the daily use of Theracurmin in the diet as a protective element of the testicular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno Luiz Pimenta
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Post-Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Prata Menezes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Health and Nutrition Post-Graduate Program, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Andre Talvani, ; Tatiana Prata Menezes,
| | - Vitória Louise
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Post-Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Health and Nutrition Post-Graduate Program, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Alves Almeida Machado
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lais Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Post-Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kelerson Mauro de Castro Pinto
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiology of Exercise, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andre Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Post-Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Health and Nutrition Post-Graduate Program, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Andre Talvani, ; Tatiana Prata Menezes,
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Lee NH, Choi MJ, Yu H, Kim JI, Cheon HG. Adapalene induces adipose browning through the RARβ-p38 MAPK-ATF2 pathway. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:340-351. [PMID: 35608792 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Adipose browning has recently been reported to be a novel therapeutic strategy for obesity. Because the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a potential target involved in browning, adapalene (AD), an anti-acne agent with RAR agonism, was examined in detail for its effects on adipose browning and the underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. AD upregulated the expression of adipose browning-related markers in a concentration-dependent manner, promoted mitochondrial biogenesis, increased oxygen consumption rates, and lowered lipid droplet sizes in differentiated 3T3/L1 white adipocytes. Among the three retinoic acid receptors (RARα, RARβ, and RARγ), knockdown of the gene encoding RARβ mitigated AD-induced adipose browning. Similarly, LE135 (a selective RARβ antagonist) attenuated AD action, suggesting that AD promotes adipose browning through RARβ. Sequential phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) was critical for AD-induced adipose browning, based on the observations that either SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) or ATF2 siRNA reduced the effects of AD. In vivo browning effects of AD were confirmed in C57BL/6J mice and high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice after oral administration of AD either acutely or chronically. This study identifies new actions of AD as an adipose browning agent and demonstrates that RARβ activation followed by increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ATF2 appears to be a key mechanism of AD action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Hyun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Il Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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RARG variant predictive of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity identifies a cardioprotective therapy. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:2076-2089.e7. [PMID: 34525346 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is an anthracycline chemotherapy agent effective in treating a wide range of malignancies, but its use is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. A recent genome-wide association study identified a SNP (rs2229774) in retinoic acid receptor-γ (RARG) as statistically associated with increased risk of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we show that human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from patients with rs2229774 and who suffered doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) are more sensitive to doxorubicin. We determine that the mechanism of this RARG variant effect is mediated via suppression of topoisomerase 2β (TOP2B) expression and activation of the cardioprotective extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. We use patient-specific hiPSC-CMs as a drug discovery platform, determining that the RARG agonist CD1530 attenuates DIC, and we confirm this cardioprotective effect in an established in vivo mouse model of DIC. This study provides a rationale for clinical prechemotherapy genetic screening for rs2229774 and a foundation for the clinical use of RARG agonist treatment to protect cancer patients from DIC.
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Xin Y, Roh K, Cho E, Park D, Whang W, Jung E. Isookanin Inhibits PGE 2-Mediated Angiogenesis by Inducing Cell Arrest through Inhibiting the Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and CREB in HMEC-1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126466. [PMID: 34208772 PMCID: PMC8234715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a critical mediator of angiogenesis, and unregulated angiogenic responses often involve human diseases. The importance of regulating angiogenesis in inflammatory diseases has been demonstrated through some successful cases of anti-angiogenesis therapies in related diseases, including arthritis, but it has been reported that some synthetic types of antiangiogenic drugs have potential side effects. In recent years, the importance of finding alternative strategies for regulating angiogenesis has begun to attract the attention of researchers. Therefore, identification of natural ingredients used to prevent or treat angiogenesis-related diseases will play a greater role. Isookanin is a phenolic flavonoid presented in Bidens extract, and it has been reported that isookanin possesses some biological properties, including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, anti-diabetic properties, and an ability to inhibit α-amylase. However, its antiangiogenic effects and mechanism thereof have not been studied yet. In this study, our results indicate that isookanin has an effective inhibitory effect on the angiogenic properties of microvascular endothelial cells. Isookanin shows inhibitory effects in multiple stages of PGE2-induced angiogenesis, including the growth, proliferation, migration, and tube formation of microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, isookanin induces cell cycle arrest in S phase, which is also the reason for subsequent inhibition of cell proliferation. The mechanism of inhibiting angiogenesis by isookanin is related to the inhibition of PGE2-mediated ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation. These findings make isookanin a potential candidate for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingji Xin
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.X.); (K.R.); (E.C.); (D.P.)
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156756, Korea
| | - Kyungbaeg Roh
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.X.); (K.R.); (E.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Eunae Cho
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.X.); (K.R.); (E.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.X.); (K.R.); (E.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Wankyunn Whang
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156756, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (E.J.); Tel.: +82-70-5117-0043 (E.J.)
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Korea; (Y.X.); (K.R.); (E.C.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (E.J.); Tel.: +82-70-5117-0043 (E.J.)
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Carazo A, Macáková K, Matoušová K, Krčmová LK, Protti M, Mladěnka P. Vitamin A Update: Forms, Sources, Kinetics, Detection, Function, Deficiency, Therapeutic Use and Toxicity. Nutrients 2021; 13:1703. [PMID: 34069881 PMCID: PMC8157347 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a group of vital micronutrients widely present in the human diet. Animal-based products are a rich source of the retinyl ester form of the vitamin, while vegetables and fruits contain carotenoids, most of which are provitamin A. Vitamin A plays a key role in the correct functioning of multiple physiological functions. The human organism can metabolize natural forms of vitamin A and provitamin A into biologically active forms (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid), which interact with multiple molecular targets, including nuclear receptors, opsin in the retina and, according to the latest research, also some enzymes. In this review, we aim to provide a complex view on the present knowledge about vitamin A ranging from its sources through its physiological functions to consequences of its deficiency and metabolic fate up to possible pharmacological administration and potential toxicity. Current analytical methods used for its detection in real samples are included as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (L.K.K.)
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (L.K.K.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michele Protti
- The Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
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Abdelaal MR, Soror SH, Elnagar MR, Haffez H. Revealing the Potential Application of EC-Synthetic Retinoid Analogues in Anticancer Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:506. [PMID: 33477997 PMCID: PMC7835894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background and Aim: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces differentiation and inhibits growth of many cancer cells. However, resistance develops rapidly prompting the urgent need for new synthetic and potent derivatives. EC19 and EC23 are two synthetic retinoids with potent stem cell neuro-differentiation activity. Here, these compounds were screened for their in vitro antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity using an array of different cancer cell lines. (2) Methods: MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, AV/PI (annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI)), cell cycle analysis, immunocytochemistry, gene expression analysis, Western blotting, measurement of glutamate and total antioxidant concentrations were recruited. (3) Results: HepG2, Caco-2, and MCF-7 were the most sensitive cell lines; HepG2 (ATRA; 36.2, EC19; 42.2 and EC23; 0.74 µM), Caco-2 (ATRA; 58.0, EC19; 10.8 and EC23; 14.7 µM) and MCF-7 (ATRA; 99.0, EC19; 9.4 and EC23; 5.56 µM). Caco-2 cells were selected for further biochemical investigations. Isobologram analysis revealed the combined synergistic effects with 5-fluorouracil with substantial reduction in IC50. All retinoids induced apoptosis but EC19 had higher potency, with significant cell cycle arrest at subG0-G1, -S and G2/M phases, than ATRA and EC23. Moreover, EC19 reduced cellular metastasis in a transwell invasion assay due to overexpression of E-cadherin, retinoic acid-induced 2 (RAI2) and Werner (WRN) genes. (4) Conclusion: The present study suggests that EC-synthetic retinoids, particularly EC19, can be effective, alone or in combinations, for potential anticancer activity to colorectal cancer. Further in vivo studies are recommended to pave the way for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Abdelaal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (M.R.A.); (S.H.S.)
- Center of Scientific Excellence “Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)”, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Sameh H. Soror
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (M.R.A.); (S.H.S.)
- Center of Scientific Excellence “Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)”, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Elnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11823, Egypt;
| | - Hesham Haffez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (M.R.A.); (S.H.S.)
- Center of Scientific Excellence “Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)”, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
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Optimizations of In Vitro Mucus and Cell Culture Models to Better Predict In Vivo Gene Transfer in Pathological Lung Respiratory Airways: Cystic Fibrosis as an Example. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010047. [PMID: 33396283 PMCID: PMC7823756 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium can be affected by many diseases that could be treated using aerosol gene therapy. Among these, cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal inherited disease characterized by airways complications, which determine the life expectancy and the effectiveness of aerosolized treatments. Beside evaluations performed under in vivo settings, cell culture models mimicking in vivo pathophysiological conditions can provide complementary insights into the potential of gene transfer strategies. Such models must consider multiple parameters, following the rationale that proper gene transfer evaluations depend on whether they are performed under experimental conditions close to pathophysiological settings. In addition, the mucus layer, which covers the epithelial cells, constitutes a physical barrier for gene delivery, especially in diseases such as CF. Artificial mucus models featuring physical and biological properties similar to CF mucus allow determining the ability of gene transfer systems to effectively reach the underlying epithelium. In this review, we describe mucus and cellular models relevant for CF aerosol gene therapy, with a particular emphasis on mucus rheology. We strongly believe that combining multiple pathophysiological features in single complex cell culture models could help bridge the gaps between in vitro and in vivo settings, as well as viral and non-viral gene delivery strategies.
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Li X, Jin F, Lee HJ, Lee CJ. Recent Advances in the Development of Novel Drug Candidates for Regulating the Secretion of Pulmonary Mucus. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:293-301. [PMID: 32133827 PMCID: PMC7327140 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersecretion of pulmonary mucus is a major pathophysiological feature in allergic and inflammatory respiratory diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Overproduction and/or oversecretion of mucus cause the airway obstruction and the colonization of pathogenic microbes. Developing a novel pharmacological agent to regulate the production and/or secretion of pulmonary mucus can be a useful strategy for the effective management of pathologic hypersecretion of mucus observed in COPD and asthma. Thus, in the present review, we tried to give an overview of the conventional pharmacotherapy for mucus-hypersecretory diseases and recent research results on searching for the novel candidate agents for controlling of pulmonary mucus hypersecretion, aiming to shed light on the potential efficacious pharmacotherapy of mucus-hypersecretory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengri Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Smith Liberal Arts College and Department of Addiction Science, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Terazawa S, Nakano M, Yamamoto A, Imokawa G. Mycosporine-like amino acids stimulate hyaluronan secretion by up-regulating hyaluronan synthase 2 via activation of the p38/MSK1/CREB/c-Fos/AP-1 axis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7274-7288. [PMID: 32284328 PMCID: PMC7247295 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan that critically supports the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the skin. Here, we demonstrate that mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), which typically function as UV-absorbing compounds, can stimulate HA secretion from normal human fibroblasts. MAA-stimulated HA secretion was associated with significantly increased and decreased levels of mRNAs encoding HA synthase 2 (HAS2) and the HA-binding protein involved in HA depolymerization (designated HYBID), respectively. Using immunoblotting, we found that MAAs at 10 and at 25 μg/ml stimulate the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/c-Jun, and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1) (at Thr-581, Ser-360, and Ser-376, respectively) and activation of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), but not phosphorylation of JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) or NF-κB (at Ser-276 or Ser-536, respectively), and increased c-Fos protein levels. Moreover, a p38-specific inhibitor, but not inhibitors of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), JNK, or NF-κB, significantly abrogated the increased expression of HAS2 mRNA, accompanied by significantly decreased MAA-stimulated HA secretion. These results suggested that the p38-MSK1-CREB-c-Fos-transcription factor AP-1 (AP-1) or the p38-ATF2 signaling cascade is responsible for the MAA-induced stimulation of HAS2 gene expression. Of note, siRNA-mediated ATF2 silencing failed to abrogate MAA-stimulated HAS2 expression, and c-Fos silencing abolished the increased expression of HAS2 mRNA. Our findings suggest that MAAs stimulate HA secretion by up-regulating HAS2 mRNA levels through activation of an intracellular signaling cascade consisting of p38, MSK1, CREB, c-Fos, and AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Terazawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakano
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan; Cosmetic Research Center, Doctor's Choice Co., Ltd., Tokyo 102-0071, Japan
| | - Akio Yamamoto
- Cosmetic Research Center, Doctor's Choice Co., Ltd., Tokyo 102-0071, Japan
| | - Genji Imokawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan; Research Institute for Biological Functions, Chubu University of Technology, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
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13
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Retinoic acid and depressive disorders: Evidence and possible neurobiological mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:376-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Rodriguez V, Bailey R, Larion M, Gilbert MR. Retinoid receptor turnover mediated by sumoylation, ubiquitination and the valosin-containing protein is disrupted in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16250. [PMID: 31700049 PMCID: PMC6838077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapeutic use of retinoids in glioma has been observed for over 20 years; however, the exact mechanism of resistance remains unknown. To understand retinoic acid resistance in glioma, we studied the turnover mechanism of retinoid receptor proteins in neural stem cells and glioma stem-like cells. Here, we show that in normal neural stem cells, proteasomal degradation of retinoid receptors involves sumoylation, ubiquitination and recognition by the valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97/Cdc48). We find that Sumo1 modification has a dual role to stabilize the retinoid receptor from unwanted degradation and signal additional modification via ubiquitination. Subsequently, the modified receptor binds to the VCP chaperone and both proteins are degraded by the proteasome. Additionally, we reveal that all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces VCP expression, creating a positive feedback loop that enhances degradation. In contrast, the pathway is impaired in the glioma stem-like cells resulting in the accumulation of sumoylated and high molecular weight forms of retinoid receptors that lack transcriptional activity and fail to be recognized by the proteasome. Moreover, modified receptor accumulation occurs before ATRA treatment; therefore, the transcritptional defect in glioma is due to a block in the proteasomal degradation pathway that occurs after the sumo modification step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Rodriguez
- Neuro-oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Rolanda Bailey
- Neuro-oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mioara Larion
- Neuro-oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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15
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Johnson A, Nasser TIN, Spencer GE. Inhibition of Rho GTPases in Invertebrate Growth Cones Induces a Switch in Responsiveness to Retinoic Acid. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090460. [PMID: 31500289 PMCID: PMC6769630 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, growth cones are essential for axon pathfinding by sensing numerous guidance cues in their environment. Retinoic acid, the metabolite of vitamin A, is important for neurite outgrowth during vertebrate development, but may also play a role in axon guidance, though little is known of the cellular mechanisms involved. Our previous studies showed that retinoid-induced growth cone turning of invertebrate motorneurons requires local protein synthesis and calcium influx. However, the signalling pathways that link calcium influx to cytoskeletal dynamics involved in retinoid-mediated growth cone turning are not currently known. The Rho GTPases, Cdc42 and Rac, are known regulators of the growth cone cytoskeleton. Here, we demonstrated that inhibition of Cdc42 or Rac not only prevented growth cone turning toward retinoic acid but could also induce a switch in growth cone responsiveness to chemorepulsion or growth cone collapse. However, the effects of Cdc42 or Rac inhibition on growth cone responsiveness differed, depending on whether the turning was induced by the all-trans or 9-cis retinoid isomer. The effects also differed depending on whether the growth cones maintained communication with the cell body. These data strongly suggest that Cdc42 and Rac are downstream effectors of retinoic acid during growth cone guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Tamara I N Nasser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Gaynor E Spencer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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16
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Park SW, Nhieu J, Persaud SD, Miller MC, Xia Y, Lin YW, Lin YL, Kagechika H, Mayo KH, Wei LN. A new regulatory mechanism for Raf kinase activation, retinoic acid-bound Crabp1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10929. [PMID: 31358819 PMCID: PMC6662813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (Raf) kinase is canonically activated by growth factors that regulate multiple cellular processes. In this kinase cascade Raf activation ultimately results in extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) activation, which requires Ras binding to the Ras binding domain (RBD) of Raf. We recently reported that all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) rapidly (within minutes) activates Erk1/2 to modulate cell cycle progression in stem cells, which is mediated by cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (Crabp1). But how atRA-bound Crabp1 regulated Erk1/2 activity remained unclear. We now report Raf kinase as the direct target of atRA-Crabp1. Molecularly, Crabp1 acts as a novel atRA-inducible scaffold protein for Raf/Mek/Erk in cells without growth factor stimulation. However, Crabp1 can also compete with Ras for direct interaction with the RBD of Raf, thereby negatively modulating growth factor-stimulated Raf activation, which can be enhanced by atRA binding to Crabp1. NMR heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) analyses reveal the 6-strand β-sheet face of Crabp1 as its Raf-interaction surface. We identify a new atRA-mimicking and Crabp1-selective compound, C3, that can also elicit such an activity. This study uncovers a new signal crosstalk between endocrine (atRA-Crabp1) and growth factor (Ras-Raf) pathways, providing evidence for atRA-Crabp1 as a novel modulator of cell growth. The study also suggests a new therapeutic strategy by employing Crabp1-selective compounds to dampen growth factor stimulation while circumventing RAR-mediated retinoid toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jennifer Nhieu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Shawna D Persaud
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Youlin Xia
- Minnesota NMR Center, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Yi-Wei Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yu-Lung Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Li-Na Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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17
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Conserva MR, Anelli L, Zagaria A, Specchia G, Albano F. The Pleiotropic Role of Retinoic Acid/Retinoic Acid Receptors Signaling: From Vitamin A Metabolism to Gene Rearrangements in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122921. [PMID: 31207999 PMCID: PMC6627493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of retinoic acid receptors (RARs: RARα, -β, and -γ) has remarkable pleiotropy characteristics, since the retinoic acid/RARs pathway is involved in numerous biological processes not only during embryonic development, but also in the postnatal phase and during adulthood. In this review, we trace the roles of RA/RARs signaling in the immune system (where this pathway has both an immunosuppressive role or is involved in the inflammatory response), in hematopoiesis (enhancing hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, progenitor cells differentiation or maintaining the bone marrow microenvironment homeostasis), and in bone remodeling (where this pathway seems to have controversial effects on bone formation or osteoclast activation). Moreover, in this review is shown the involvement of RAR genes in multiple chromosomal rearrangements generating different fusion genes in hematological neoplasms, with a particular focus on acute promyelocytic leukemia and its variant subtypes. The effect of different RARs fusion proteins on leukemic transformation, on patients’ outcome, and on therapy response is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Conserva
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Luisa Anelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonella Zagaria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Albano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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18
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Genomic and non-genomic pathways are both crucial for peak induction of neurite outgrowth by retinoids. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:40. [PMID: 31046795 PMCID: PMC6498645 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is the active metabolite of vitamin A and essential for many physiological processes, particularly the induction of cell differentiation. In addition to regulating genomic transcriptional activity via RA receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), non-genomic mechanisms of RA have been described, including the regulation of ERK1/2 kinase phosphorylation, but are poorly characterised. In this study, we test the hypothesis that genomic and non-genomic mechanisms of RA are regulated independently with respect to the involvement of ligand-dependent RA receptors. A panel of 28 retinoids (compounds with vitamin A-like activity) showed a marked disparity in genomic (gene expression) versus non-genomic (ERK1/2 phosphorylation) assays. These results demonstrate that the capacity of a compound to activate gene transcription does not necessarily correlate with its ability to regulate a non-genomic activity such as ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, a neurite outgrowth assay indicated that retinoids that could only induce either genomic, or non-genomic activities, were not strong promoters of neurite outgrowth, and that activities with respect to both transcriptional regulation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation produced maximum neurite outgrowth. These results suggest that the development of effective retinoids for clinical use will depend on the selection of compounds which have maximal activity in non-genomic as well as genomic assays.
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19
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de Hoog E, Lukewich MK, Spencer GE. Retinoid receptor-based signaling plays a role in voltage-dependent inhibition of invertebrate voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10076-10093. [PMID: 31048374 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) mediate the cellular effects of retinoids (derivatives of vitamin A). Both RAR and RXR signaling events are implicated in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, retinoids can interact with calcium signaling during homeostatic plasticity. We recently provided evidence that retinoids attenuate calcium current (I Ca) through neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). We now examined the possibility that constitutive activity of neuronal RXR and/or RAR alters calcium influx via the VGCCs. We found that in neurons of the mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis, two different RXR antagonists (PA452 and HX531) had independent and opposing effects on I Ca that were also time-dependent; whereas the RXR pan-antagonist PA452 enhanced I Ca, HX531 reduced I Ca Interestingly, this effect of HX531 occurred through voltage-dependent inhibition of VGCCs, a phenomenon known to influence neurotransmitter release from neurons. This inhibition appeared to be independent of G proteins and was largely restricted to Cav2 Ca2+ channels. Of note, an RAR pan-antagonist, LE540, also inhibited I Ca but produced G protein-dependent, voltage-dependent inhibition of VGCCs. These findings provide evidence that retinoid receptors interact with G proteins in neurons and suggest mechanisms by which retinoids might affect synaptic calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric de Hoog
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Mark K Lukewich
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Gaynor E Spencer
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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20
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Telias M, Denlinger B, Helft Z, Thornton C, Beckwith-Cohen B, Kramer RH. Retinoic Acid Induces Hyperactivity, and Blocking Its Receptor Unmasks Light Responses and Augments Vision in Retinal Degeneration. Neuron 2019; 102:574-586.e5. [PMID: 30876849 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Light responses are initiated in photoreceptors, processed by interneurons, and synaptically transmitted to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which send information to the brain. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a blinding disease caused by photoreceptor degeneration, depriving downstream neurons of light-sensitive input. Photoreceptor degeneration also triggers hyperactive firing of RGCs, obscuring light responses initiated by surviving photoreceptors. Here we show that retinoic acid (RA), signaling through its receptor (RAR), is the trigger for hyperactivity. A genetically encoded reporter shows elevated RAR signaling in degenerated retinas from murine RP models. Enhancing RAR signaling in healthy retinas mimics the pathophysiology of degenerating retinas. Drug inhibition of RAR reduces hyperactivity in degenerating retinas and unmasks light responses in RGCs. Gene therapy inhibition of RAR increases innate and learned light-elicited behaviors in vision-impaired mice. Identification of RAR as the trigger for hyperactivity presents a degeneration-dependent therapeutic target for enhancing low vision in RP and other blinding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Telias
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bristol Denlinger
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zachary Helft
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Casey Thornton
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Billie Beckwith-Cohen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Richard H Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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21
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Chowdhury P, Powell RT, Stephan C, Uray IP, Talley T, Karki M, Tripathi DN, Park YS, Mancini MA, Davies P, Dere R. Bexarotene - a novel modulator of AURKA and the primary cilium in VHL-deficient cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.219923. [PMID: 30518623 PMCID: PMC6307881 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.219923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the gene von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) is associated with loss of primary cilia and is causally linked to elevated levels of Aurora kinase A (AURKA). We developed an image-based high-throughput screening (HTS) assay using a dual-labeling image analysis strategy that identifies both the cilium and the basal body. By using this strategy, we screened small-molecule compounds for the targeted rescue of cilia defects associated with VHL deficiency with high accuracy and reproducibility. Bexarotene was identified and validated as a positive regulator of the primary cilium. Importantly, the inability of an alternative retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist to rescue ciliogenesis, in contrast to bexarotene, suggested that multiple bexarotene-driven mechanisms were responsible for the rescue. We found that bexarotene decreased AURKA expression in VHL-deficient cells, thereby restoring the ability of these cells to ciliate in the absence of VHL. Finally, bexarotene treatment reduced the propensity of subcutaneous lesions to develop into tumors in a mouse xenograft model of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with a concomitant decrease in activated AURKA, highlighting the potential of bexarotene treatment as an intervention strategy in the clinic to manage renal cystogenesis associated with VHL deficiency and elevated AURKA expression. Highlighted Article: An image-based screen using a dual labeling strategy identified bexarotene, a rexinoid, as a novel modulator of the primary cilium in VHL-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratim Chowdhury
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Reid T Powell
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Clifford Stephan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ivan P Uray
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Tia Talley
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Menuka Karki
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Durga Nand Tripathi
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yong Sung Park
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Mancini
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter Davies
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruhee Dere
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Bonney S, Dennison BJC, Wendlandt M, Siegenthaler JA. Retinoic Acid Regulates Endothelial β-catenin Expression and Pericyte Numbers in the Developing Brain Vasculature. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:476. [PMID: 30568578 PMCID: PMC6290079 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of brain vascular properties, like tight junctions and pericytes, to form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial for a properly functioning central nervous system (CNS). Endothelial WNT signaling is a known driver of brain vascular development and BBB properties, however, it is unclear how endothelial WNT signaling is regulated. We recently showed that mouse embryos with disruptions in endothelial retinoic acid (RA) signaling have ectopic WNT signaling in the brain vasculature. Using immunohistochemistical analysis, we show that increased vascular WNT signaling in RA mutants (Pdgfbicre; dnRAR403-flox and Rdh10 mutants) is associated with elevated expression of the WNT transcriptional effector, β-catenin, in the brain endothelium. In vitro immunocytochemistry and proximity ligation studies in brain endothelial cells reveal that RA, through its receptor RARα, regulates β-catenin expression in brain endothelial cells via transcriptional suppression and phosphorylation events that targets β-catenin for proteasomal degradation, the latter dependent on PKCα. We find that one function of RA in regulating vascular WNT signaling is to modulate the pericyte numbers in the developing brain vasculature. RA-mediated regulation of vascular WNT signaling could be needed to prevent over-recruitment of pericytes that might impair endothelial-pericyte interactions crucial for vascular stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bonney
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States.,Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brenna J C Dennison
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States.,Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Megan Wendlandt
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Julie A Siegenthaler
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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23
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de Hoog E, Lukewich MK, Spencer GE. Retinoic acid inhibits neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels. Cell Calcium 2018; 72:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Gao H, Zhang L, Chen Z, Liu S, Zhang Q, Zhang B. Effects of intravenous anesthetics on the phosphorylation of cAMP response element‑binding protein in hippocampal slices of adult mice. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:627-633. [PMID: 29749444 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP response‑element binding protein (CREB) functions in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory formation. However, it remains unknown whether intravenous anesthetics modulate CREB. The present study aimed to examine the effects of intravenous anesthetics on CREB phosphorylation in the mouse hippocampus. CREB phosphorylation was examined in hippocampal slices with and without pharmacological or intravenous anesthetics via immunoblotting. In a dose‑response experiment, the concentrations of intravenous anesthetics ranged from 10‑9 to 10‑4 mol/l for 1 h. For the time‑response experiment, these slices were incubated with 5x10‑6 mol/l of propofol for 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 30 and 60 min. In order to examine whether CREB phosphorylation could be recovered following washing out the propofol, the slices were incubated in plain artificial cerebrospinal fluid at different time durations following 5 min incubation with propofol. Propofol, etomidate, ketamine and midazolam inhibited CREB phosphorylation (P<0.05) in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner. This inhibition was reversible following the removal of propofol, and was rescued by CREB phosphorylation (P<0.05). The decrease in CREB phosphorylation revealed additive effects with 100 µM of chelerythrine and 20 µM of PD‑98059, and the etomidate‑induced decrease in CREB phosphorylation was blocked by 1 mM of NMDA. However, 0.1 µM of phorbol 12‑myristate 13‑acetate, 50 µM of U 73122, 100 µM of carbachol and 10 µM of MK801 were ineffective in the anesthetic‑induced decrease in CREB phosphorylation. Intravenous anesthetics markedly decreased CREB phosphorylation in the mouse hippocampus, which was most likely via the protein kinase C and mitogen activated protein kinase pathways. This suggests that CREB represents a target for anesthetic action in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Shuncui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Bingxi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bauerfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, USA
| | - Lobelia Samavati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
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Protein kinase A activation by retinoic acid in the nuclei of HL60 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:276-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Changes in Cell Cycle and Up-Regulation of Neuronal Markers During SH-SY5Y Neurodifferentiation by Retinoic Acid are Mediated by Reactive Species Production and Oxidative Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6903-6916. [PMID: 27771902 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells have been used as an in vitro model for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and can be induced to a mature neuronal phenotype through retinoic acid (RA) differentiation. However, mechanisms of RA-induced differentiation remain unclear. Here, we investigate the role of reactive species (RS) on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells under RA differentiation, using the antioxidant Trolox® as co-treatment. We found that RA treatment for 7 days reduced the cell number and proliferative capacity and induced the expression of adult catecholaminergic/neuronal markers such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), β-III tubulin, and enolase-2. Evaluation of intracellular RS production by DCFH oxidation assay and quantification of cell non-enzymatic antioxidant activity by TRAP demonstrated that RA increases RS production. Furthermore, mitochondrial NADH oxidation showed to be inhibited under differentiation with RA. Cells subjected to co-treatment with antioxidant Trolox® demonstrated a remaining proliferative capacity and a decrease in the pro-oxidant state and RS production. Besides, antioxidant treatment restores the mitochondrial NADH oxidation. Importantly, Trolox® co-treatment inhibited the appearance of morphological characteristics such as neurite extension and branching, and decreased the expression of TH, β-III tubulin, and enolase-2 after a seven-day differentiation with RA, indicating that RS production is a necessary step in this process. Trolox® also inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2, which are involved in differentiation and survival, respectively, of these cells. Altogether, these data indicate the presence of a redox-dependent mechanism in SH-SY5Y RA-differentiation process and can be a useful insight to improve understanding of neuronal differentiation signaling.
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Sándor K, Daniel B, Kiss B, Kovács F, Szondy Z. Transcriptional control of transglutaminase 2 expression in mouse apoptotic thymocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:964-74. [PMID: 27262403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional protein, which participates in various biological processes including thymocyte apoptosis. As a result, the transcriptional regulation of the gene is complex and must depend on the cell type. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that in dying thymocytes the expression of Tgm2 is induced by external signals derived from engulfing macrophages, such as retinoids, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and adenosine, the latter triggering the adenylate cyclase signaling pathway. The existence of TGF-β and retinoid responsive elements in the promoter region of Tgm2 has already been reported, but the intergenic regulatory elements participating in the regulation of Tgm2 have not yet been identified. Here we used publicly available results from DNase I hypersensitivity analysis followed by deep sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing against CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), H3K4me3, H3K4me1 and H3K27ac to map a putative regulatory element set for Tgm2 in thymocytes. By measuring eRNA expressions of these putative enhancers in retinoid, rTGF-β or dibutiryl cAMP-exposed thymocytes we determined which of them are functional. By applying ChIP-qPCR against SMAD4, retinoic acid receptor, retinoid X receptor, cAMP response element binding protein, P300 and H3K27ac under the same conditions, we identified two enhancers of Tgm2, which seem to act as integrators of the TGF-β, retinoid and adenylate cyclase signaling pathways in dying thymocytes. Our study describes a novel strategy to identify and characterize the signal-specific functional enhancer set of a gene by integrating genome-wide datasets and measuring the production of enhancer specific RNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Sándor
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Signaling and Apoptosis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt.98., Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Bence Daniel
- Nuclear Receptor Research Group, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Bea Kiss
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Signaling and Apoptosis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt.98., Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Kovács
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Signaling and Apoptosis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt.98., Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Szondy
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Signaling and Apoptosis Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt.98., Debrecen H-4012, Hungary.
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid Induces Proliferation, Survival, and Migration in A549 Lung Cancer Cells by Activating the ERK Signaling Pathway through a Transcription-Independent Mechanism. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:404368. [PMID: 26557664 PMCID: PMC4628773 DOI: 10.1155/2015/404368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been used as an antineoplastic because of its ability to promote proliferation, inhibition, and differentiation, primarily in leukemia; however, in other types of cancer, such as lung cancer, treatment with ATRA is restricted because not all the patients experience the same results. The ERK signaling pathway is dysregulated in cancer cells, including lung cancer, and this dysregulation promotes proliferation and cell invasion. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment with ATRA can activate the ERK signaling pathway by a transcription-independent mechanism through a signaling cascade that involves RARα and PI3K, promoting growth, survival, and migration in lung cancer cells. Until now, this mechanism was unknown in lung cancer cells. The inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway restores the beneficial effects of ATRA, reduces proliferation, increases apoptosis, and blocks the cell migration process in lung cancer cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that the combination of ATRA with ERK inhibitor in clinical trials for lung cancer is warranted.
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Abstract
Early in the age of modern medicine the consequences of vitamin A deficiency drew attention to the fundamental link between retinoid-dependent homeostatic regulation and malignant hyperproliferative diseases. The term "retinoid" includes a handful of endogenous and a large group of synthetic derivatives of vitamin A. These multifunctional lipid-soluble compounds directly regulate target genes of specific biological functions and critical signaling pathways to orchestrate complex functions from vision to development, metabolism, and inflammation. Many of the retinoid activities on the cellular level have been well characterized and translated to the regulation of processes like differentiation and cell death, which play critical roles in the outcome of malignant transformation of tissues. In fact, retinoid-based differentiation therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia was one of the first successful examples of molecularly targeted treatment strategies. The selectivity, high receptor binding affinity and the ability of retinoids to directly modulate gene expression programs present a distinct pharmacological opportunity for cancer treatment and prevention. However, to fully exploit their potential, the adverse effects of retinoids must be averted. In this review we provide an overview of the biology of retinoid (activated by nuclear retinoic acid receptors [RARs]) and rexinoid (engaged by nuclear retinoid X receptors [RXRs]) action concluded from a long line of preclinical studies, in relation to normal and transformed states of cells. We will also discuss the past and current uses of retinoids in the treatment of malignancies, the potential of rexinoids in the cancer prevention setting, both as single agents and in combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván P Uray
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Powel H Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Lee JW, Park HS, Park SA, Ryu SH, Meng W, Jürgensmeier JM, Kurie JM, Hong WK, Boyer JL, Herbst RS, Koo JS. A Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor Targeting CREB-CBP Complex Possesses Anti-Cancer Effects along with Cell Cycle Regulation, Autophagy Suppression and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122628. [PMID: 25897662 PMCID: PMC4405579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma, the most common subtype of lung cancer, is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite attempts for the treatment of lung cancer which have been accumulating, promising new therapies are still needed. Here, we found that cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-CREB binding protein (CBP) transcription factors complex inhibitor, Naphthol AS-TR phosphate (NASTRp), is a potential therapeutic agent for lung cancer. We show that NASTRp inhibited oncogenic cell properties through cell cycle arrest with concomitant suppression of tumor-promoting autophagy with down-regulations of Atg5-12 and Atg7, and accumulation of p62 in human lung cancer cell lines. In addition, NASTRp induced expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers such as DDIT3/CHOP, and led to apoptosis along with Bim induction. These findings suggest that transcription factor/co-activator complex, CREB-CBP, can be a potential therapeutic target and its inhibition could be a novel therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Woo Lee
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Hee Sun Park
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Sin-Aye Park
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Seung-Hee Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wuyi Meng
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Juliane M. Jürgensmeier
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Waun Ki Hong
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Julie L. Boyer
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Roy S. Herbst
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
- Translational Research Program, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - Ja Seok Koo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
- Translational Research Program, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
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Henning P, Conaway HH, Lerner UH. Retinoid receptors in bone and their role in bone remodeling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:31. [PMID: 25814978 PMCID: PMC4356160 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol) is a necessary and important constituent of the body which is provided by food intake of retinyl esters and carotenoids. Vitamin A is known best for being important for vision, but in addition to the eye, vitamin A is necessary in numerous other organs in the body, including the skeleton. Vitamin A is converted to an active compound, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), which is responsible for most of its biological actions. ATRA binds to intracellular nuclear receptors called retinoic acid receptors (RARα, RARβ, RARγ). RARs and closely related retinoid X receptors (RXRα, RXRβ, RXRγ) form heterodimers which bind to DNA and function as ligand-activated transcription factors. It has been known for many years that hypervitaminosis A promotes skeleton fragility by increasing osteoclast formation and decreasing cortical bone mass. Some epidemiological studies have suggested that increased intake of vitamin A and increased serum levels of retinoids may decrease bone mineral density and increase fracture rate, but the literature on this is not conclusive. The current review summarizes how vitamin A is taken up by the intestine, metabolized, stored in the liver, and processed to ATRA. ATRA's effects on formation and activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts are outlined, and a summary of clinical data pertaining to vitamin A and bone is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Henning
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H. Herschel Conaway
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ulf H. Lerner
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Ulf H. Lerner, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Vita Straket 11, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden e-mail:
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Ribeiro MPC, Santos AE, Custódio JBA. Interplay between estrogen and retinoid signaling in breast cancer--current and future perspectives. Cancer Lett 2014; 353:17-24. [PMID: 25042865 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) is a promising agent for breast cancer treatment, but it induces several adverse effects and the few clinical trials performed up to now in breast cancer patients have provided disappointing results. The combination of RA and antiestrogenic compounds, such as tamoxifen, synergistically decreases the proliferation of breast cancer cells and an interplay between retinoid and estrogen signaling has begun to be unraveled, turning these combinations into an appealing strategy for breast cancer treatment. This review focus on the current knowledge regarding the interplay between retinoid and estrogen signaling in breast cancer and the combinations of RA with antiestrogens, aiming their future utilization in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P C Ribeiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Armanda E Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José B A Custódio
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Dave S, Nanduri R, Dkhar HK, Bhagyaraj E, Rao A, Gupta P. Nuclear MEK1 sequesters PPARγ and bisects MEK1/ERK signaling: a non-canonical pathway of retinoic acid inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100862. [PMID: 24959884 PMCID: PMC4069188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled adipogenesis and adipocyte proliferation have been connected to human comorbidities. Retinoic acid (RA) is known to inhibit adipocyte differentiation, however the underlying mechanisms have not been adequately understood. This study reports that RA acting as a ligand to RA receptors (RARs and RXRs) is not a sine qua non to the inhibition of adipogenesis. Our intriguing observation of a negative correlation between increased retinoylation and adipogenesis led us to explore retinoylated proteins in adipocytes. Exportin (CRM1) was found to be retinoylated, which in turn can affect the spatio-temporal regulation of the important signaling molecule mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1), likely by disrupting its export from the nucleus. Nuclear enrichment of MEK1 physically sequesters peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), the master regulator of adipogenesis, from its target genes and thus inhibits adipogenesis while also disrupting the MEK1-extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade. This study is first to report the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by retinoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Dave
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Ella Bhagyaraj
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Rao
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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Nelson CH, Buttrick BR, Isoherranen N. Therapeutic potential of the inhibition of the retinoic acid hydroxylases CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 by xenobiotics. Curr Top Med Chem 2014; 13:1402-28. [PMID: 23688132 DOI: 10.2174/1568026611313120004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, is an important endogenous signaling molecule regulating cell cycle and maintenance of epithelia. RA isomers are also used as drugs to treat various cancers and dermatological diseases. However, the therapeutic uses of RA isomers are limited due to side effects such as teratogenicity and resistance to treatment emerging mainly from autoinduction of RA metabolism. To improve the therapeutic usefulness of retinoids, RA metabolism blocking agents (RAMBAs) have been developed. These inhibitors generally target the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes because RA clearance is predominantly mediated by P450s. Since the initial identification of inhibitors of RA metabolism, CYP26 enzymes have been characterized as the main enzymes responsible for RA clearance. This makes CYP26 enzymes an attractive target for the development of novel therapeutics for cancer and dermatological conditions. The basic principle of development of CYP26 inhibitors is that endogenous RA concentrations will be increased in the presence of a CYP26 inhibitor, thus, potentiating the activity of endogenous RA in a cell-type specific manner. This will reduce side effects compared to administration of RA and allow for more targeted therapy. In clinical trials, inhibitors of RA metabolism have been effective in treatment of psoriasis and other dermatological conditions as well as in some cancers. However, no CYP26 inhibitor has yet been approved for clinical use. This review summarizes the history of development of RAMBAs, the clinical and preclinical studies with the various structural series and the available knowledge of structure activity relationships of CYP26 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara H Nelson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Manna PR, Slominski AT, King SR, Stetson CL, Stocco DM. Synergistic activation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression and steroid biosynthesis by retinoids: involvement of cAMP/PKA signaling. Endocrinology 2014; 155:576-91. [PMID: 24265455 PMCID: PMC3891939 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Both retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) mediate the action of retinoids that play important roles in reproductive development and function, as well as steroidogenesis. Regulation of steroid biosynthesis is principally mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR); however, the modes of action of retinoids in the regulation of steroidogenesis remain obscure. In this study we demonstrate that all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) enhances StAR expression, but not its phosphorylation (P-StAR), and progesterone production in MA-10 mouse Leydig cells. Activation of the protein kinase A (PKA) cascade, by dibutyrl-cAMP or type I/II PKA analogs, markedly increased retinoid-responsive StAR, P-StAR, and steroid levels. Targeted silencing of endogenous RARα and RXRα, with small interfering RNAs, resulted in decreases in 9-cis RA-stimulated StAR and progesterone levels. Truncation of and mutational alterations in the 5'-flanking region of the StAR gene demonstrated the importance of the -254/-1-bp region in retinoid responsiveness. An oligonucleotide probe encompassing an RXR/liver X receptor recognition motif, located within the -254/-1-bp region, specifically bound MA-10 nuclear proteins and in vitro transcribed/translated RXRα and RARα in EMSAs. Transcription of the StAR gene in response to atRA and dibutyrl-cAMP was influenced by several factors, its up-regulation being dependent on phosphorylation of cAMP response-element binding protein (CREB). Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed the association of phosphorylation of CREB, CREB binding protein, RXRα, and RARα to the StAR promoter. Further studies elucidated that hormone-sensitive lipase plays an important role in atRA-mediated regulation of the steroidogenic response that involves liver X receptor signaling. These findings delineate the molecular events by which retinoids influence cAMP/PKA signaling and provide additional and novel insight into the regulation of StAR expression and steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak R Manna
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry (P.R.M., S.R.K., D.M.S.), Department of Dermatology and Pathology (C.L.S.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.T.S.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
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Liu Z, Li T, Jiang K, Huang Q, Chen Y, Qian F. Induction of chemoresistance by all-trans retinoic acid via a noncanonical signaling in multiple myeloma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85571. [PMID: 24416428 PMCID: PMC3887062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the successful application of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in multiple myeloma treatment, ATRA-induced chemoresistance in the myeloma patients is very common in clinic. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ATRA on the expression of apurinic endonuclease/redox factor-1 (Ape/Ref-1) in the U266 and RPMI-8226 myeloma cells to explore the chemoresistance mechanism involved. ATRA treatment induced upregulation of Ape/Ref-1 via a noncanonical signaling pathway, leading to enhanced pro-survival activity counteracting melphalan (an alkylating agent). ATRA rapidly activated p38-MSK (mitogen- and stress activated protein kinase) cascade to phosphorylate cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Phosphorylated CREB was recruited to the Ape/Ref-1 promoter to evoke the gene expression. The stimulation of ATRA on Ape/Ref-1 expression was attenuated by either p38-MSK inhibitors or overexpression of dominant-negative MSK1 mutants. Moreover, ATRA-mediated Ape/Ref-1 upregulation was correlated with histone modification and activation of CBP/p300, an important cofactors for CREB transcriptional activity. C646, a competitive CBP/p300 inhibitor, abolished the upregulation of Ape/Ref-1 induced by ATRA. Intriguingly, CBP rather than p300 played a dominant role in the expression of Ape/Ref-1. Hence, our study suggests the existence of a noncanonical mechanism involving p38-MSK-CREB cascade and CBP induction to mediate ATRA-induced Ape/Ref-1 expression and acquired chemoresistance in myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Kesheng Jiang
- Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaoli Huang
- Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yicheng Chen
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of Medical Function, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol) is ingested as either retinyl esters or carotenoids and metabolized to active compounds such as 11-cis-retinal, which is important for vision, and all-trans-retinoic acid, which is the primary mediator of biological actions of vitamin A. All-trans-retinoic acid binds to retinoic acid receptors (RARs), which heterodimerize with retinoid X receptors. RAR-retinoid X receptor heterodimers function as transcription factors, binding RAR-responsive elements in promoters of different genes. Numerous cellular functions, including bone cell functions, are mediated by vitamin A; however, it has long been recognized that increased levels of vitamin A can have deleterious effects on bone, resulting in increased skeletal fragility. Bone mass is dependent on the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. A decrease in bone mass may be caused by either an excess of resorption or decreased bone formation. Early studies indicated that the primary skeletal effect of vitamin A was to increase bone resorption, but later studies have shown that vitamin A can not only stimulate the formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts but also inhibit their formation. Effects of vitamin A on bone formation have not been studied in as great a detail and are not as well characterized as effects on bone resorption. Several epidemiological studies have shown an association between vitamin A, decreased bone mass, and osteoporotic fractures, but the data are not conclusive because other studies have found no associations, and some studies have suggested that vitamin A primarily promotes skeletal health. In this presentation, we have summarized how vitamin A is absorbed and metabolized and how it functions intracellularly. Vitamin A deficiency and excess are introduced, and detailed descriptions of clinical and preclinical studies of the effects of vitamin A on the skeleton are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Herschel Conaway
- Department of Molecular Periodontology, University of Umeå, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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Hensley P, Mishra M, Kyprianou N. Targeting caspases in cancer therapeutics. Biol Chem 2013; 394:831-43. [PMID: 23509217 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the fundamental role of apoptosis in the growth balance and normal homeostasis against cell proliferation led to the recognition of its loss contributing to tumorigenesis. The mechanistic significance of reinstating apoptosis signaling towards selective targeting of malignant cells heavily exploits the caspase family of death-inducing molecules as a powerful therapeutic platform for the development of potent anticancer strategies. Some apoptosis inhibitors induce caspase expression and activity in preclinical models and clinical trials by targeting both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways and restoring the apoptotic capacity in human tumors. Furthermore, up-regulation of caspases emerges as a sensitizing mechanism for tumors exhibiting therapeutic resistance to radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the functional involvement of caspases in apoptosis control and the current understanding of reactivating caspase-mediated apoptosis signaling towards effective therapeutic modalities in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hensley
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Zhuang LL, Huang BX, Feng J, Zhu LH, Jin R, Qiu LZ, Zhou GP. All-trans retinoic acid modulates ORMDL3 expression via transcriptional regulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77304. [PMID: 24204796 PMCID: PMC3812219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an active metabolite of Vitamin A, it shows protective effects on asthma, including maintains airway epithelial integrity, inhibits asthma effector cells differentiation, modulates immune response, et al. However, the promoting effect of ATRA on Th2 response has restricted the clinical application of ATRA in asthma treatment. ORMDL3 is a candidate gene of childhood onset asthma, and high-transcript of ORMDL3 is associated with the development of asthma. Here we show that ATRA increases ORMDL3 production in vitro via inducing PKA-dependent CREB phosphorylation which in turn binds to the CRE element in promoter region of ORMDL3 and initiates ORMDL3 transcription. This finding is in consistent with the previous reports that ATRA could regulate target genes without the presence of retinoic acid response element (RARE) in promoter region but through other signals such as PKA/CREB. Nevertheless, in the present study, the traditional signal pathway of ATRA, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signal transduction pathway, indirectly modulated ORMDL3 expression. RAR-α agonist (Am-80) increased ORMDL3 production even though there was no RARE in ORMDL3 promoter, introns or 3′-downstream region. Besides, the signal of RAR might differ from that of ATRA since Am-80 failed to induce CREB activation. In conclusion, our data indicate that ATRA facilitates ORMDL3 production probable through PKA/CREB, and this may be a starting point for more detailed mechanism researches on ATRA and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo-Xian Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang-Hua Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Huang GL, Luo Q, Rui G, Zhang W, Zhang QY, Chen QX, Shen DY. Oncogenic activity of retinoic acid receptor γ is exhibited through activation of the Akt/NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:3416-25. [PMID: 23798555 PMCID: PMC3753848 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00384-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression and function of retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ) are often involved in the progression of several cancers. However, the role of RARγ in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), chemoresistant bile duct carcinoma with a poor prognosis, remains unclear. In the present study, we found that RARγ was frequently overexpressed in human CCA specimens. Its overexpression was associated with poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, high serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level, and poor prognosis of CCA. Downregulation of RARγ reduced CCA cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation ability in vitro and tumorigenic potential in nude mice. RARγ knockdown resulted in upregulation of cell cycle inhibitor P21, as well as downregulation of cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and matrix metallopeptidase 9, in parallel with suppression of the Akt/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of RARγ contributed to the multidrug chemoresistance of CCA cells, at least in part due to upregulation of P glycoprotein via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Molecular mechanism studies revealed that RARγ interacted with β-catenin and led to β-catenin nuclear translocation. Taken together, our results suggested that RARγ plays an important role in the proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance of CCA through simultaneous activation of the Akt/NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, serving as a potential molecular target for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Li Huang
- Center Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Rui
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Yan Shen
- Center Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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Oncogenic activity of retinoic acid receptor γ is exhibited through activation of the Akt/NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Cell Biol 2013. [PMID: 23798555 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00384-13mcb.00384-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression and function of retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ) are often involved in the progression of several cancers. However, the role of RARγ in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), chemoresistant bile duct carcinoma with a poor prognosis, remains unclear. In the present study, we found that RARγ was frequently overexpressed in human CCA specimens. Its overexpression was associated with poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, high serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level, and poor prognosis of CCA. Downregulation of RARγ reduced CCA cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation ability in vitro and tumorigenic potential in nude mice. RARγ knockdown resulted in upregulation of cell cycle inhibitor P21, as well as downregulation of cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and matrix metallopeptidase 9, in parallel with suppression of the Akt/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of RARγ contributed to the multidrug chemoresistance of CCA cells, at least in part due to upregulation of P glycoprotein via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Molecular mechanism studies revealed that RARγ interacted with β-catenin and led to β-catenin nuclear translocation. Taken together, our results suggested that RARγ plays an important role in the proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance of CCA through simultaneous activation of the Akt/NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, serving as a potential molecular target for CCA treatment.
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zhong W, Xia Z. All-trans retinoic acid attenuates airway inflammation by inhibiting Th2 and Th17 response in experimental allergic asthma. BMC Immunol 2013; 14:28. [PMID: 23800145 PMCID: PMC3695807 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-14-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Airway inflammation is mainly mediated by T helper 2 cells (Th2) that characteristically produce interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse association between the dietary intake of vitamin A and the occurrence of asthma. Serum vitamin A concentrations are significantly lower in asthmatic subjects than in healthy control subjects. It has been reported that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a potent derivative of vitamin A, regulates immune responses. However, its role in Th2-mediated airway inflammation remains unclear. We investigated the effects of ATRA in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. Results We found that ATRA treatment attenuated airway inflammation and decreased mRNA levels of Th2- and Th17-related transcription factors. The data showed that airway inflammation coincided with levels of Th2- and Th17-related cytokines. We also showed that ATRA inhibited Th17 and promoted inducible regulatory T-cell differentiation, whereas it did not induce an obvious effect on Th2 differentiation in vitro. Our data suggest that ATRA may interfere with the in vivo Th2 responses via T-cell extrinsic mechanisms. Conclusions Administration of ATRA dramatically attenuated airway inflammation by inhibiting Th2 and Th17 differentiation and/or functions. ATRA may have potential therapeutic effects for airway inflammation in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin 2nd Road 197, Shanghai 200025, China
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Chillemi A, Zaccarello G, Quarona V, Ferracin M, Ghimenti C, Massaia M, Horenstein AL, Malavasi F. Anti-CD38 antibody therapy: windows of opportunity yielded by the functional characteristics of the target molecule. Mol Med 2013; 19:99-108. [PMID: 23615966 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a mainstay of routine clinical practice in the treatment of various human diseases. A number of molecules can serve as targets, according to the condition being treated. Now entering human clinical trials, CD38 molecule is a particularly attractive target because of its peculiar pattern of expression and its twin role as receptor and ectoenzyme. This review provides a range of analytical perspectives on the current progress in and challenges to anti-CD38 mAb therapy. We present a synopsis of the evidence available on CD38, particularly in myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Our aim is to make the data from basic science helpful and accessible to a diverse clinical audience and, at the same time, to improve its potential for in vivo use. The topics covered include tissue distribution and signal implementation by mAb ligation and the possibility of increasing cell density on target cells by exploiting information about the molecule's regulation in combination with drugs approved for in vivo use. Also analyzed is the behavior of CD38 as an enzyme: CD38 is a component of a pathway leading to the production of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment, thus inducing local anergy. Consequently, not only might CD38 be a prime target for mAb-mediated therapy, but its functional block may contribute to general improvement in cancer immunotherapy and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Chillemi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy
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Kasimanickam VR, Kasimanickam RK, Rogers HA. Immunolocalization of retinoic acid receptor-alpha, -beta, and -gamma, in bovine and canine sperm. Theriogenology 2013; 79:1010-8. [PMID: 23465288 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid is an important regulator of cellular proliferation and differentiation. The action of retinoic acid is mediated by retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors. The objective was to elucidate the protein localization and expression of RARα, RARβ, and RARγ in bull and dog sperm. Bull and dog sperm were subjected to an immunostaining procedure to determine presence of RARα, RARβ, and RARγ. We concluded that all three receptors were present in different regions of bull and dog sperm at varying levels. Protein expression in bull and dog sperm lysates was investigated using protein dot-blot analyses. The protein levels of RARα and RARγ were higher than the protein level of RARβ in bull and dog sperm. Protein sequences of RARα, RARβ, and RARγ for bull and dog were 98%, 89%, and 98%, respectively, on similarity alignment. In conclusion, the presence of RARα, RARβ, and RARγ receptors supported their role in sperm structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanmathy R Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Huk DJ, Hammond HL, Kegechika H, Lincoln J. Increased dietary intake of vitamin A promotes aortic valve calcification in vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012. [PMID: 23202364 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a major public health problem with no effective treatment available other than surgery. We previously showed that mature heart valves calcify in response to retinoic acid (RA) treatment through downregulation of the SRY transcription factor Sox9. In this study, we investigated the effects of excess vitamin A and its metabolite RA on heart valve structure and function in vivo and examined the molecular mechanisms of RA signaling during the calcification process in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a combination of approaches, we defined calcific aortic valve disease pathogenesis in mice fed 200 IU/g and 20 IU/g of retinyl palmitate for 12 months at molecular, cellular, and functional levels. We show that mice fed excess vitamin A develop aortic valve stenosis and leaflet calcification associated with increased expression of osteogenic genes and decreased expression of cartilaginous markers. Using a pharmacological approach, we show that RA-mediated Sox9 repression and calcification is regulated by classical RA signaling and requires both RA and retinoid X receptors. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that excess vitamin A dietary intake promotes heart valve calcification in vivo. Therefore suggesting that hypervitaminosis A could serve as a new risk factor of calcific aortic valve disease in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Huk
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Columbus, OH, USA
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Kiefer FW, Orasanu G, Nallamshetty S, Brown JD, Wang H, Luger P, Qi NR, Burant CF, Duester G, Plutzky J. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 coordinates hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism. Endocrinology 2012; 153:3089-99. [PMID: 22555438 PMCID: PMC3380298 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent data link vitamin A and its retinoid metabolites to the regulation of adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis. Retinoid metabolism is tightly controlled by an enzymatic network in which retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (Aldh1-3) are the rate-limiting enzymes that convert retinaldehyde to retinoic acid. Aldh1a1-deficient mice are protected from diet-induced obesity and hence diabetes. Here we investigated whether Aldh1a1 and the retinoid axis regulate hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism independent of adiposity. The impact of Aldh1a1 and the retinoid pathway on glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism was analyzed in hepatocytes in vitro and in chow-fed, weight-matched Aldh1a1-deficient vs. wild-type (WT) mice in vivo. Aldh1a1-deficient mice displayed significantly decreased fasting glucose concentrations compared with WT controls as a result of attenuated hepatic glucose production. Expression of key gluconeogenic enzymes as well as the activity of Forkhead box O1 was decreased in Aldh1a1-deficient vs. WT livers. In vitro, retinoid or cAMP agonist stimulation markedly induced gluconeogenesis in WT but not Aldh1a1-deficient primary hepatocytes. Aldh1a1 deficiency increased AMP-activated protein kinase α activity, decreased expression of lipogenic targets of AMP-activated protein kinase α and significantly attenuated hepatic triacylglycerol synthesis. In metabolic cage studies, lean Aldh1a1-deficient mice manifested enhanced oxygen consumption and reduced respiratory quotient vs. WT controls, consistent with increased expression of fatty acid oxidation markers in skeletal muscle. Taken together, this work establishes a role for retinoid metabolism in glucose homeostasis in vivo and for Aldh1a1 as a novel determinant of gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism independent of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian W Kiefer
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Le Bouffant R, Wang JH, Futel M, Buisson I, Umbhauer M, Riou JF. Retinoic acid-dependent control of MAP kinase phosphatase-3 is necessary for early kidney development in Xenopus. Biol Cell 2012; 104:516-32. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bao Y, Ibram G, Blaner WS, Quesenberry CP, Shen L, McKeague IW, Schaefer CA, Susser ES, Brown AS. Low maternal retinol as a risk factor for schizophrenia in adult offspring. Schizophr Res 2012; 137:159-65. [PMID: 22381190 PMCID: PMC3520602 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal micronutrient deficiency has been linked to later development of schizophrenia among offspring; however, no study has specifically investigated the association between vitamin A and this disorder. Vitamin A is an essential nutrient which is required by the early embryo and fetus for gene expression and regulation, cell differentiation, proliferation and migration. Previous work suggests that vitamin A deficiency in the second trimester may be particularly relevant to the etiopathogenesis of neurobehavioral phenotypes some of which are observed in schizophrenia. METHODS We examined whether low maternal vitamin A levels in the second trimester are associated with the risk of schizophrenia and other schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) in the Prenatal Determinants of Schizophrenia study; third trimester vitamin A levels were also examined in relation to SSD. The cases were derived from a population-based birth cohort; all cohort members belonged to a prepaid health plan. Archived maternal serum samples were assayed for vitamin A in cases (N=55) and up to 2 controls per case (N=106) matched on length of membership in the health plan, date of birth (±28 days), sex, and gestational timing and availability of archived maternal sera. RESULTS For the second trimester, low maternal vitamin A, defined as values in the lowest tertile of the distribution among controls, was associated with a greater than threefold increased risk of SSD, adjusting for maternal education and age (OR=3.04, 95% CI=1.06, 8.79, p=.039). No association between third trimester maternal vitamin A and SSD was observed. CONCLUSIONS Although further investigations are warranted, this is the first birth cohort study to our knowledge to report an association between low maternal vitamin A levels and SSD among offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuanYuan Bao
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Ghionul Ibram
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - William S. Blaner
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Charles P. Quesenberry
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 3505 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611, United States
| | - Ling Shen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 3505 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611, United States
| | - Ian W. McKeague
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Catherine A. Schaefer
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 3505 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611, United States
| | - Ezra S. Susser
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Alan S. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Corresponding author at: New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 23, New York, NY 10032, United States. Tel.: +1 212 543 5629. (A.S. Brown)
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Lecureur V, Arzel M, Ameziane S, Houlbert N, Le Vee M, Jouneau S, Fardel O. MAPK- and PKC/CREB-dependent induction of interleukin-11 by the environmental contaminant formaldehyde in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicology 2012; 292:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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