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Tang YH, Leng JX, Yang G, Gao XD, Liu YS, Fujita M. Production of CA125 with Tn antigens using a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring system. J Biochem 2024; 176:23-34. [PMID: 38382634 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is a serum marker associated with ovarian cancer. Despite its widespread use, CA125 levels can also be elevated in benign conditions. Recent reports suggest that detecting serum CA125 that carries the Tn antigen, a truncated O-glycan containing only N-acetylgalactosamine on serine or threonine residues, can improve the specificity of ovarian cancer diagnosis. In this study, we engineered cells to express CA125 with a Tn antigen. To achieve this, we knocked out C1GALT1 and SLC35A1, genes encoding Core1 synthase and a transporter for cytidine-5'-monophospho-sialic acid respectively, in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. In ClGALT1-SLC35A1-knockout (KO) cells, the expression of the Tn antigen showed a significant increase, whereas the expression of the T antigen (galactose-β1,3-N-acetylgalactosamine on serine or threonine residues) was decreased. Due to the inefficient secretion of soluble CA125, we employed a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring system. This allowed for the expression of GPI-anchored CA125 on the cell surface of ClGALT1-SLC35A1-KO cells. Cells expressing high levels of GPI-anchored CA125 were then enriched through cell sorting. By knocking out the PGAP2 gene, the GPI-anchored form of CA125 was converted to a secretory form. Through the engineering of O-glycans and the use of a GPI-anchoring system, we successfully produced CA125 with Tn antigen modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-He Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ji-Xiong Leng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ganglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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2
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Liu H, Dang R, Zhang W, Hong J, Li X. SNARE proteins: Core engines of membrane fusion in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024:189148. [PMID: 38960006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Vesicles are loaded with a variety of cargoes, including membrane proteins, secreted proteins, signaling molecules, and various enzymes, etc. Not surprisingly, vesicle transport is essential for proper cellular life activities including growth, division, movement and cellular communication. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) mediate membrane fusion of vesicles with their target compartments that is fundamental for cargo delivery. Recent studies have shown that multiple SNARE family members are aberrantly expressed in human cancers and actively contribute to malignant proliferation, invasion, metastasis, immune evasion and treatment resistance. Here, the localization and function of SNARE proteins in eukaryotic cells are firstly mapped. Then we summarize the expression and regulation of SNAREs in cancer, and describe their contribution to cancer progression and mechanisms, and finally we propose engineering botulinum toxin as a strategy to target SNAREs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruiyue Dang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jidong Hong
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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3
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Deng H, Jia G, Li P, Tang Y, Zhao L, Yang Q, Zhao J, Wang J, Tu Y, Yong X, Zhang S, Mo X, Billadeau DD, Su Z, Jia D. The WDR11 complex is a receptor for acidic-cluster-containing cargo proteins. Cell 2024:S0092-8674(24)00698-6. [PMID: 39013469 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Vesicle trafficking is a fundamental process that allows for the sorting and transport of specific proteins (i.e., "cargoes") to different compartments of eukaryotic cells. Cargo recognition primarily occurs through coats and the associated proteins at the donor membrane. However, it remains unclear whether cargoes can also be selected at other stages of vesicle trafficking to further enhance the fidelity of the process. The WDR11-FAM91A1 complex functions downstream of the clathrin-associated AP-1 complex to facilitate protein transport from endosomes to the TGN. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of human WDR11-FAM91A1 complex. WDR11 directly and specifically recognizes a subset of acidic clusters, which we term super acidic clusters (SACs). WDR11 complex assembly and its binding to SAC-containing proteins are indispensable for the trafficking of SAC-containing proteins and proper neuronal development in zebrafish. Our studies thus uncover that cargo proteins could be recognized in a sequence-specific manner downstream of a protein coat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guowen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinrui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Yong
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xianming Mo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhaoming Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China.
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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4
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Bhat AA, Kukreti N, Afzal M, Goyal A, Thapa R, Ali H, Shahwan M, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta G. Ferroptosis and circular RNAs: new horizons in cancer therapy. EXCLI JOURNAL 2024; 23:570-599. [PMID: 38887390 PMCID: PMC11180955 DOI: 10.17179/excli2024-7005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer poses intricate challenges to treatment due to its complexity and diversity. Ferroptosis and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as innovative therapeutic avenues amid the evolving landscape of cancer therapy. Extensive investigations into circRNAs reveal their diverse roles, ranging from molecular regulators to pivotal influencers of ferroptosis in cancer cell lines. The results underscore the significance of circRNAs in modulating molecular pathways that impact crucial aspects of cancer development, including cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis. A detailed analysis delineates these pathways, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms through which circRNAs influence ferroptosis. Building upon recent experimental findings, the study evaluates the therapeutic potential of targeting circRNAs to induce ferroptosis. By identifying specific circRNAs associated with the etiology of cancer, this analysis paves the way for the development of targeted therapeutics that exploit vulnerabilities in cancer cells. This review consolidates the existing understanding of ferroptosis and circRNAs, emphasizing their role in cancer therapy and providing impetus for ongoing research in this dynamic field. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, U. P., India
| | - Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Haider Ali
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW 2007, Australia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW 2007, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
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5
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Kang H, Lee CJ. Transmembrane proteins with unknown function (TMEMs) as ion channels: electrophysiological properties, structure, and pathophysiological roles. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:850-860. [PMID: 38556553 PMCID: PMC11059273 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A transmembrane (TMEM) protein with an unknown function is a type of membrane-spanning protein expressed in the plasma membrane or the membranes of intracellular organelles. Recently, several TMEM proteins have been identified as functional ion channels. The structures and functions of these proteins have been extensively studied over the last two decades, starting with TMEM16A (ANO1). In this review, we provide a summary of the electrophysiological properties of known TMEM proteins that function as ion channels, such as TMEM175 (KEL), TMEM206 (PAC), TMEM38 (TRIC), TMEM87A (GolpHCat), TMEM120A (TACAN), TMEM63 (OSCA), TMEM150C (Tentonin3), and TMEM43 (Gapjinc). Additionally, we examine the unique structural features of these channels compared to those of other well-known ion channels. Furthermore, we discuss the diverse physiological roles of these proteins in lysosomal/endosomal/Golgi pH regulation, intracellular Ca2+ regulation, spatial memory, cell migration, adipocyte differentiation, and mechanical pain, as well as their pathophysiological roles in Parkinson's disease, cancer, osteogenesis imperfecta, infantile hypomyelination, cardiomyopathy, and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. This review highlights the potential for the discovery of novel ion channels within the TMEM protein family and the development of new therapeutic targets for related channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Kang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Cluster, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Lei H, Fang F, Yang C, Chen X, Li Q, Shen X. Lifting the veils on transmembrane proteins: Potential anticancer targets. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176225. [PMID: 38040080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, as a prevalent cause of mortality, poses a substantial global health burden and hinders efforts to enhance life expectancy. Nevertheless, the prognosis of patients with malignant tumors remains discouraging, owing to the lack of specific diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Therefore, the development of early diagnostic indicators and novel therapeutic drugs for the prevention and treatment of cancer is essential. Transmembrane proteins (TMEMs) are a class of proteins that can span the phospholipid bilayer and are stably anchored. They are associated with fibrotic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, developmental disorders, and cancer. It has been found that the expression levels of TMEMs were elevated or reduced in cancer cells, exerting pro/anticancer effects. These aberrant expression levels have also been linked to the prognostic and clinicopathological features of diverse tumors. In this review, the structures, functions, and roles of TMEMs in cancer were discussed, and the scientific perspectives were described. This review also explored the potential of TMEMs as tumor drug candidates from the perspective of targeted therapies, and the challenges that need to be overcome in a wide range of preclinical and clinical anticancer research were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fujin Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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7
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Chen GL, Li J, Zhang J, Zeng B. To Be or Not to Be an Ion Channel: Cryo-EM Structures Have a Say. Cells 2023; 12:1870. [PMID: 37508534 PMCID: PMC10378246 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are the second largest class of drug targets after G protein-coupled receptors. In addition to well-recognized ones like voltage-gated Na/K/Ca channels in the heart and neurons, novel ion channels are continuously discovered in both excitable and non-excitable cells and demonstrated to play important roles in many physiological processes and diseases such as developmental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. However, in the field of ion channel discovery, there are an unignorable number of published studies that are unsolid and misleading. Despite being the gold standard of a functional assay for ion channels, electrophysiological recordings are often accompanied by electrical noise, leak conductance, and background currents of the membrane system. These unwanted signals, if not treated properly, lead to the mischaracterization of proteins with seemingly unusual ion-conducting properties. In the recent ten years, the technical revolution of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has greatly advanced our understanding of the structures and gating mechanisms of various ion channels and also raised concerns about the pore-forming ability of some previously identified channel proteins. In this review, we summarize cryo-EM findings on ion channels with molecular identities recognized or disputed in recent ten years and discuss current knowledge of proposed channel proteins awaiting cryo-EM analyses. We also present a classification of ion channels according to their architectures and evolutionary relationships and discuss the possibility and strategy of identifying more ion channels by analyzing structures of transmembrane proteins of unknown function. We propose that cross-validation by electrophysiological and structural analyses should be essentially required for determining molecular identities of novel ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Lan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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8
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Khakurel A, Lupashin VV. Role of GARP Vesicle Tethering Complex in Golgi Physiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6069. [PMID: 37047041 PMCID: PMC10094427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi associated retrograde protein complex (GARP) is an evolutionarily conserved component of Golgi membrane trafficking machinery that belongs to the Complexes Associated with Tethering Containing Helical Rods (CATCHR) family. Like other multisubunit tethering complexes such as COG, Dsl1, and Exocyst, the GARP is believed to function by tethering and promoting fusion of the endosome-derived small trafficking intermediate. However, even twenty years after its discovery, the exact structure and the functions of GARP are still an enigma. Recent studies revealed novel roles for GARP in Golgi physiology and identified human patients with mutations in GARP subunits. In this review, we summarized our knowledge of the structure of the GARP complex, its protein partners, GARP functions related to Golgi physiology, as well as cellular defects associated with the dysfunction of GARP subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir V. Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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9
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Khakurel A, Kudlyk T, Lupashin VV. Generation and Analysis of hTERT-RPE1 VPS54 Knock-Out and Rescued Cell Lines. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2557:349-364. [PMID: 36512226 PMCID: PMC10026839 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex is proposed to tether endosome-derived transport vesicles, but the exact function and mechanism of GARP action are not completely understood. To uncover the GARP function in human cells, we employ CRISPR/Cas9 strategy and knock out (KO) the unique VPS54 subunit of the GARP complex. In this chapter, we describe the detailed method of generating CRISPR/Cas9-mediated VPS54-KO in hTERT-RPE1 cells, rescue of resulting KO cells with stable near-endogenous expression of myc-tagged VPS54, and validation of KO and rescued (KO-R) cells using Western blot and immunofluorescence approaches. This approach is helpful in uncovering new functions of the GARP and other vesicle tethering complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Khakurel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Tetyana Kudlyk
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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10
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Simple N-Glycan Profile Analysis Using Lectin Staining, Mass Spectrometry, and GlycoMaple. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2557:691-707. [PMID: 36512245 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is one of the major sites of protein and lipid glycosylation and processing. Protein N-glycosylation plays critical roles in protein folding, transport, stability, and activity. Various glycosyltransferases and glycoside hydrolases are localized at each cisterna in the Golgi apparatus and synthesize a large variety of N-glycan structures. The biosynthetic pathways of N-glycans are complicated, which hiders the rational design of glycan metabolic pathways. In addition, the analysis of glycan structure requires specialized instruments for analyses such as mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which are not familiar to all laboratories. Here, we introduce relatively simple methods for N-glycan analysis, including disruption of genes encoding glycosyltransferases or glycoside hydrolases, glycan structural analysis using lectins and mass spectrometry, and visualization of glycan metabolic pathways in silico.
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11
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Vti1a/b support distinct aspects of TGN and cis-/medial Golgi organization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20870. [PMID: 36460703 PMCID: PMC9718741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde trafficking towards the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is important for dense core vesicle (DCV) biogenesis. Here, we used Vti1a/b deficient neurons to study the impact of disturbed retrograde trafficking on Golgi organization and cargo sorting. In Vti1a/b deficient neurons, staining intensity of cis-/medial Golgi proteins (e.g., GM130 and giantin) was increased, while the intensity of two recycling TGN proteins, TGN38 and TMEM87A, was decreased and the TGN-resident protein Golgin97 was normal. Levels and localization of DCV cargo markers, LAMP1 and KDEL were also altered. This phenotype was not caused by reduced Golgi size or absence of a TGN compartment. The phenotype was partially phenocopied by disturbing sphingolipid homeostasis, but was not rescued by overexpression of sphingomyelin synthases or the sphingolipid synthesis inhibitor myriocin. We conclude that Vti1a/b are important for distinct aspects of TGN and cis-/medial Golgi organization. Our data underline the importance of retrograde trafficking for Golgi organization, DCV cargo sorting and the distribution of proteins of the regulated secretory pathway.
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12
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Shedding of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V is regulated by maturity of cellular N-glycan. Commun Biol 2022; 5:743. [PMID: 35915223 PMCID: PMC9343384 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of N-glycan branches on glycoproteins is closely related to the development and aggravation of various diseases. Dysregulated formation of the branch produced by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V, also called as MGAT5) promotes cancer growth and malignancy. However, it is largely unknown how the activity of GnT-V in cells is regulated. Here, we discover that the activity of GnT-V in cells is selectively upregulated by changing cellular N-glycans from mature to immature forms. Our glycomic analysis further shows that loss of terminal modifications of N-glycans resulted in an increase in the amount of the GnT-V-produced branch. Mechanistically, shedding (cleavage and extracellular secretion) of GnT-V mediated by signal peptide peptidase-like 3 (SPPL3) protease is greatly inhibited by blocking maturation of cellular N-glycans, resulting in an increased level of GnT-V protein in cells. Alteration of cellular N-glycans hardly impairs expression or localization of SPPL3; instead, SPPL3-mediated shedding of GnT-V is shown to be regulated by N-glycans on GnT-V, suggesting that the level of GnT-V cleavage is regulated by its own N-glycan structures. These findings shed light on a mechanism of secretion-based regulation of GnT-V activity. Cleavage of the glycan-branching enzyme N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V) by signal peptide peptidase-like 3 (SPPL3) protease and extracellular secretion of active glycan GnT-V depend on GnT-V’s own glycosylation state.
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Hoel CM, Zhang L, Brohawn SG. Structure of the GOLD-domain seven-transmembrane helix protein family member TMEM87A. eLife 2022; 11:e81704. [PMID: 36373655 PMCID: PMC9711517 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM87s are eukaryotic transmembrane proteins with two members (TMEM87A and TMEM87B) in humans. TMEM87s have proposed roles in protein transport to and from the Golgi, as mechanosensitive ion channels, and in developmental signaling. TMEM87 disruption has been implicated in cancers and developmental disorders. To better understand TMEM87 structure and function, we determined a cryo-EM structure of human TMEM87A in lipid nanodiscs. TMEM87A consists of a Golgi-dynamics (GOLD) domain atop a membrane-spanning seven-transmembrane helix domain with a large cavity open to solution and the membrane outer leaflet. Structural and functional analyses suggest TMEM87A may not function as an ion channel or G-protein coupled receptor. We find TMEM87A shares its characteristic domain arrangement with seven other proteins in humans; three that had been identified as evolutionary related (TMEM87B, GPR107, and GPR108) and four previously unrecognized homologs (GPR180, TMEM145, TMEM181, and WLS). Among these structurally related GOLD domain seven-transmembrane helix (GOST) proteins, WLS is best characterized as a membrane trafficking and secretion chaperone for lipidated Wnt signaling proteins. We find key structural determinants for WLS function are conserved in TMEM87A. We propose TMEM87A and structurally homologous GOST proteins could serve a common role in trafficking membrane-associated cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Hoel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Stephen G Brohawn
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biology (QB3), University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
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14
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Bonet-Ponce L, Cookson MR. LRRK2 recruitment, activity, and function in organelles. FEBS J 2022; 289:6871-6890. [PMID: 34196120 PMCID: PMC8744135 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein coding mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause familial Parkinson's disease (PD), and noncoding variations around the gene increase the risk of developing sporadic PD. It is generally accepted that pathogenic LRRK2 mutations increase LRRK2 kinase activity, resulting in a toxic hyperactive protein that is inferred to lead to the PD phenotype. LRRK2 has long been linked to different membrane trafficking events, but the specific role of LRRK2 in these events has been difficult to resolve. Recently, several papers have reported the activation and translocation of LRRK2 to cellular organelles under specific conditions, which suggests that LRRK2 may influence intracellular membrane trafficking. Here, we review what is known about the role of LRRK2 at various organelle compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R. Cookson
- Correspondence: Mark R. Cookson, Ph.D., Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 35 Convent Drive, Room 1A–116, Bethesda, MD, 20892–3707, USA. Phone: 301–451–3870,
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15
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O’Brien CE, Younger SH, Jan LY, Jan YN. The GARP complex prevents sterol accumulation at the trans-Golgi network during dendrite remodeling. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 222:213548. [PMID: 36239632 PMCID: PMC9577387 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is essential for sculpting neuronal morphology. The GARP and EARP complexes are conserved tethers that regulate vesicle trafficking in the secretory and endolysosomal pathways, respectively. Both complexes contain the Vps51, Vps52, and Vps53 proteins, and a complex-specific protein: Vps54 in GARP and Vps50 in EARP. In Drosophila, we find that both complexes are required for dendrite morphogenesis during developmental remodeling of multidendritic class IV da (c4da) neurons. Having found that sterol accumulates at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in Vps54KO/KO neurons, we investigated genes that regulate sterols and related lipids at the TGN. Overexpression of oxysterol binding protein (Osbp) or knockdown of the PI4K four wheel drive (fwd) exacerbates the Vps54KO/KO phenotype, whereas eliminating one allele of Osbp rescues it, suggesting that excess sterol accumulation at the TGN is, in part, responsible for inhibiting dendrite regrowth. These findings distinguish the GARP and EARP complexes in neurodevelopment and implicate vesicle trafficking and lipid transfer pathways in dendrite morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. O’Brien
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Susan H. Younger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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16
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Cui L, Li H, Xi Y, Hu Q, Liu H, Fan J, Xiang Y, Zhang X, Shui W, Lai Y. Vesicle trafficking and vesicle fusion: mechanisms, biological functions, and their implications for potential disease therapy. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:29. [PMID: 36129576 PMCID: PMC9492833 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular vesicle trafficking is the fundamental process to maintain the homeostasis of membrane-enclosed organelles in eukaryotic cells. These organelles transport cargo from the donor membrane to the target membrane through the cargo containing vesicles. Vesicle trafficking pathway includes vesicle formation from the donor membrane, vesicle transport, and vesicle fusion with the target membrane. Coat protein mediated vesicle formation is a delicate membrane budding process for cargo molecules selection and package into vesicle carriers. Vesicle transport is a dynamic and specific process for the cargo containing vesicles translocation from the donor membrane to the target membrane. This process requires a group of conserved proteins such as Rab GTPases, motor adaptors, and motor proteins to ensure vesicle transport along cytoskeletal track. Soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein receptors (SNARE)-mediated vesicle fusion is the final process for vesicle unloading the cargo molecules at the target membrane. To ensure vesicle fusion occurring at a defined position and time pattern in eukaryotic cell, multiple fusogenic proteins, such as synaptotagmin (Syt), complexin (Cpx), Munc13, Munc18 and other tethering factors, cooperate together to precisely regulate the process of vesicle fusion. Dysfunctions of the fusogenic proteins in SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion are closely related to many diseases. Recent studies have suggested that stimulated membrane fusion can be manipulated pharmacologically via disruption the interface between the SNARE complex and Ca2+ sensor protein. Here, we summarize recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of vesicle trafficking, and implications for the development of new therapeutics based on the manipulation of vesicle fusion.
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17
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Li M, Feng F, Feng H, Hu P, Xue Y, Xu T, Song E. VAMP4 regulates insulin levels by targeting secretory granules to lysosomes. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213439. [PMID: 36053215 PMCID: PMC9441717 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202110164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin levels are essential for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis, and deviations lead to pathoglycemia or diabetes. However, the metabolic mechanism controlling insulin quantity and quality is poorly understood. In pancreatic β cells, insulin homeostasis and release are tightly governed by insulin secretory granule (ISG) trafficking, but the required regulators and mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we identified that VAMP4 controlled the insulin levels in response to glucose challenge. VAMP4 deficiency led to increased blood insulin levels and hyperresponsiveness to glucose. In β cells, VAMP4 is packaged into immature ISGs (iISGs) at trans-Golgi networks and subsequently resorted to clathrin-coated vesicles during granule maturation. VAMP4-positive iISGs and resorted vesicles then fuse with lysosomes facilitated by a SNARE complex consisting of VAMP4, STX7, STX8, and VTI1B, which ensures the breakdown of excess (pro)insulin and obsolete materials and thus maintenance of intracellular insulin homeostasis. Thus, VAMP4 is a key factor regulating the insulin levels and a potential target for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengping Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengkai Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Xue
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China,Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Dr. Tao Xu:
| | - Eli Song
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Correspondence to Dr. Eli Song:
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18
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Hirata T, Yang J, Tomida S, Tokoro Y, Kinoshita T, Fujita M, Kizuka Y. ER entry pathway and glycosylation of GPI-anchored proteins are determined by N-terminal signal sequence and C-terminal GPI-attachment sequence. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102444. [PMID: 36055406 PMCID: PMC9520029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly synthesized proteins in the secretory pathway, including glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), need to be correctly targeted and imported into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. GPI-APs are synthesized in the cytosol as preproproteins, which contain an N-terminal signal sequence (SS), mature protein part, and C-terminal GPI-attachment sequence (GPI-AS), and translocated into the ER lumen where SS and GPI-AS are removed, generating mature GPI-APs. However, how various GPI-APs are translocated into the ER lumen in mammalian cells is unclear. Here, we investigated the ER entry pathways of GPI-APs using a panel of KO cells defective in each signal recognition particle–independent ER entry pathway—namely, Sec62, GET, or SND pathway. We found GPI-AP CD59 largely depends on the SND pathway for ER entry, whereas prion protein (Prion) and LY6K depend on both Sec62 and GET pathways. Using chimeric Prion and LY6K constructs in which the N-terminal SS or C-terminal GPI-AS was replaced with that of CD59, we revealed that the hydrophobicity of the SSs and GPI-ASs contributes to the dependence on Sec62 and GET pathways, respectively. Moreover, the ER entry route of chimeric Prion constructs with the C-terminal GPI-ASs replaced with that of CD59 was changed to the SND pathway. Simultaneously, their GPI structures and which oligosaccharyltransferase isoforms modify the constructs were altered without any amino acid change in the mature protein part. Taking these findings together, this study revealed N- and C-terminal sequences of GPI-APs determine the selective ER entry route, which in turn regulates subsequent maturation processes of GPI-APs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hirata
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Seita Tomida
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuko Tokoro
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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19
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Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) mediates phagocytosis in nonprofessional phagocytes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:824. [PMID: 35974093 PMCID: PMC9381800 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, both professional phagocytes and nonprofessional phagocytes (NPPs) can perform phagocytosis. However, limited targets are phagocytosed by NPPs, and thus, the mechanism remains unclear. We find that spores of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are internalized efficiently by NPPs. Analyses of this phenomenon reveals that RNA fragments derived from cytosolic RNA species are attached to the spore wall, and these fragments serve as ligands to induce spore internalization. Furthermore, we show that a multiligand receptor, RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products), mediates phagocytosis in NPPs. RAGE-mediated phagocytosis is not uniquely induced by spores but is an intrinsic mechanism by which NPPs internalize macromolecules containing RAGE ligands. In fact, artificial particles labeled with polynucleotides, HMGB1, or histone (but not bovine serum albumin) are internalized in NPPs. Our findings provide insight into the molecular basis of phagocytosis by NPPs, a process by which a variety of macromolecules are targeted for internalization. The multiligand receptor RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products) mediates phagocytosis in non-professional phagocytes (NPPs), for example through the use of RNA fragments as ligands for internalization.
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20
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Delmas P, Parpaite T, Coste B. PIEZO channels and newcomers in the mammalian mechanosensitive ion channel family. Neuron 2022; 110:2713-2727. [PMID: 35907398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Many ion channels have been described as mechanosensitive according to various criteria. Most broadly defined, an ion channel is called mechanosensitive if its activity is controlled by application of a physical force. The last decade has witnessed a revolution in mechanosensory physiology at the molecular, cellular, and system levels, both in health and in diseases. Since the discovery of the PIEZO proteins as prototypical mechanosensitive channel, many proteins have been proposed to transduce mechanosensory information in mammals. However, few of these newly identified candidates have all the attributes of bona fide, pore-forming mechanosensitive ion channels. In this perspective, we will cover and discuss new data that have advanced our understanding of mechanosensation at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Delmas
- SomatoSens, Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7291, Marseilles, France.
| | - Thibaud Parpaite
- SomatoSens, Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7291, Marseilles, France
| | - Bertrand Coste
- SomatoSens, Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7291, Marseilles, France
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21
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Discovery of a lectin domain that regulates enzyme activity in mouse N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-IVa (MGAT4A). Commun Biol 2022; 5:695. [PMID: 35854001 PMCID: PMC9296478 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03661-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification, and the number of GlcNAc branches in N-glycans impacts glycoprotein functions. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase-IVa (GnT-IVa, also designated as MGAT4A) forms a β1-4 GlcNAc branch on the α1-3 mannose arm in N-glycans. Downregulation or loss of GnT-IVa causes diabetic phenotypes by dysregulating glucose transporter-2 in pancreatic β-cells. Despite the physiological importance of GnT-IVa, its structure and catalytic mechanism are poorly understood. Here, we identify the lectin domain in mouse GnT-IVa's C-terminal region. The crystal structure of the lectin domain shows structural similarity to a bacterial GlcNAc-binding lectin. Comprehensive glycan binding assay using 157 glycans and solution NMR reveal that the GnT-IVa lectin domain selectively interacts with the product N-glycans having a β1-4 GlcNAc branch. Point mutation of the residue critical to sugar recognition impairs the enzymatic activity, suggesting that the lectin domain is a regulatory subunit for efficient catalytic reaction. Our findings provide insights into how branching structures of N-glycans are biosynthesized.
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22
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Wang F, Cheng Z, Wang J, Zhang F, Zhang B, Luo S, Lei C, Pan T, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Wang M, Chen W, Lin Q, Zhu S, Zhou Y, Zhao Z, Wang J, Guo X, Zhang X, Jiang L, Bao Y, Ren Y, Wan J. Rice STOMATAL CYTOKINESIS DEFECTIVE2 regulates cell expansion by affecting vesicular trafficking in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:567-584. [PMID: 35234957 PMCID: PMC9157159 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular trafficking plays critical roles in cell expansion in yeast and mammals, but information linking vesicular trafficking and cell expansion in plants is limited. Here, we isolated and characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, decreased plant height 1-1 (dph1-1), which exhibited a wide spectrum of developmental phenotypes, including reduced plant height and smaller panicles and grains. Cytological analysis revealed that limited cell expansion was responsible for the dph1-1 mutant phenotype compared to the wild-type. Map-based cloning revealed that DPH1 encodes a plant-specific protein, OsSCD2, which is homologous to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) STOMATAL CYTOKINESIS DEFECTIVE2 (SCD2). Subcellular localization revealed that OsSCD2 is associated with clathrin. Confocal microscopy showed that the dph1-1 mutant has defective endocytosis and post-Golgi trafficking. Biochemical and confocal data indicated that OsSCD2 physically interacts with OsSCD1 and that they are associated with intracellular structures that colocalize with microtubules. Furthermore, we found that cellulose synthesis was affected in the dph1-1 mutant, evidenced by reduced cellulose synthase gene accumulation at the transcript and protein levels, most likely resulting from an impaired localization pattern. Our results suggest that OsSCD2 is involved in clathrin-related vesicular trafficking with an important role in maintaining plant growth in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiachang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tian Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Min Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiqun Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Author for correspondence: ,
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23
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Genetic Insights into Primary Restrictive Cardiomyopathy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082094. [PMID: 35456187 PMCID: PMC9027761 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a rare cardiac disease causing severe diastolic dysfunction, ventricular stiffness and dilated atria. In consequence, it induces heart failure often with preserved ejection fraction and is associated with a high mortality. Since it is a poor clinical prognosis, patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy frequently require heart transplantation. Genetic as well as non-genetic factors contribute to restrictive cardiomyopathy and a significant portion of cases are of unknown etiology. However, the genetic forms of restrictive cardiomyopathy and the involved molecular pathomechanisms are only partially understood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about primary genetic restrictive cardiomyopathy and describe its genetic landscape, which might be of interest for geneticists as well as for cardiologists.
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24
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Highland HM, Wojcik GL, Graff M, Nishimura KK, Hodonsky CJ, Baldassari AR, Cote AC, Cheng I, Gignoux CR, Tao R, Li Y, Boerwinkle E, Fornage M, Haessler J, Hindorff LA, Hu Y, Justice AE, Lin BM, Lin D, Stram DO, Haiman CA, Kooperberg C, Le Marchand L, Matise TC, Kenny EE, Carlson CS, Stahl EA, Avery CL, North KE, Ambite JL, Buyske S, Loos RJ, Peters U, Young KL, Bien SA, Huckins LM. Predicted gene expression in ancestrally diverse populations leads to discovery of susceptibility loci for lifestyle and cardiometabolic traits. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:669-679. [PMID: 35263625 PMCID: PMC9069067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One mechanism by which genetic factors influence complex traits and diseases is altering gene expression. Direct measurement of gene expression in relevant tissues is rarely tenable; however, genetically regulated gene expression (GReX) can be estimated using prediction models derived from large multi-omic datasets. These approaches have led to the discovery of many gene-trait associations, but whether models derived from predominantly European ancestry (EA) reference panels can map novel associations in ancestrally diverse populations remains unclear. We applied PrediXcan to impute GReX in 51,520 ancestrally diverse Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) participants (35% African American, 45% Hispanic/Latino, 10% Asian, and 7% Hawaiian) across 25 key cardiometabolic traits and relevant tissues to identify 102 novel associations. We then compared associations in PAGE to those in a random subset of 50,000 White British participants from UK Biobank (UKBB50k) for height and body mass index (BMI). We identified 517 associations across 47 tissues in PAGE but not UKBB50k, demonstrating the importance of diverse samples in identifying trait-associated GReX. We observed that variants used in PrediXcan models were either more or less differentiated across continental-level populations than matched-control variants depending on the specific population reflecting sampling bias. Additionally, variants from identified genes specific to either PAGE or UKBB50k analyses were more ancestrally differentiated than those in genes detected in both analyses, underlining the value of population-specific discoveries. This suggests that while EA-derived transcriptome imputation models can identify new associations in non-EA populations, models derived from closely matched reference panels may yield further insights. Our findings call for more diversity in reference datasets of tissue-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
| | - Genevieve L Wojcik
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Katherine K Nishimura
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Antoine R Baldassari
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Alanna C Cote
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Christopher R Gignoux
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Brown Foundation Institute for Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lucia A Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, NIH National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yao Hu
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anne E Justice
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Bridget M Lin
- Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Danyu Lin
- Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Tara C Matise
- Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8554, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christopher S Carlson
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eli A Stahl
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jose Luis Ambite
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA
| | - Steven Buyske
- Statistics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8554, USA
| | - Ruth J Loos
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bien
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 14068, USA.
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25
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Genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals CLPTM1L as a lipid scramblase required for efficient glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115083119. [PMID: 35344438 PMCID: PMC9169118 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115083119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Scramblases translocate lipids across the lipid bilayer without consumption of ATP, thereby regulating lipid distributions in cellular membranes. Cytosol-to-lumen translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane is a common process among lipid glycoconjugates involved in posttranslational protein modifications in eukaryotes. These translocations are thought to be mediated by specific ER-resident scramblases, but the identity of these proteins and the underlying molecular mechanisms have been elusive. Here, we show that CLPTM1L, an integral membrane protein with eight putative transmembrane domains, is the major lipid scramblase involved in efficient glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis in the ER membrane. Our results validate the long-standing hypothesis that lipid scramblases ensure the efficient translocations of lipid glycoconjugates across the ER membrane for protein glycosylation pathways. Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are complex glycolipids that act as membrane anchors of many eukaryotic cell surface proteins. Biosynthesis of GPIs is initiated at the cytosolic face of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by generation of N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol (GlcNAc-PI). The second intermediate, glucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol (GlcN-PI), is translocated across the membrane to the luminal face for later biosynthetic steps and attachment to proteins. The mechanism of the luminal translocation of GlcN-PI is unclear. Here, we report a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen of genes required for rescuing GPI-anchored protein expression after addition of chemically synthesized GlcNAc-PI to PIGA-knockout cells that cannot synthesize GlcNAc-PI. We identified CLPTM1L (cleft lip and palate transmembrane protein 1-like), an ER-resident multipass membrane protein, as a GlcN-PI scramblase required for efficient biosynthesis of GPIs. Knockout of CLPTM1L in PIGA-knockout cells impaired the efficient utilization of chemically synthesized GlcNAc-PI and GlcN-PI for GPI biosynthesis. Purified CLPTM1L scrambled GlcN-PI, GlcNAc-PI, PI, and several other phospholipids in vitro. CLPTM1L, a member of the PQ-loop family of proteins, represents a type of lipid scramblase having no structural similarity to known lipid scramblases. Knockout of CLPTM1L in various wild-type mammalian cultured cells partially decreased the level of GPI-anchored proteins. These results suggest that CLPTM1L is the major lipid scramblase involved in cytosol-to-lumen translocation of GlcN-PI across the ER membrane for efficient GPI biosynthesis.
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26
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Ivanova D, Cousin MA. Synaptic Vesicle Recycling and the Endolysosomal System: A Reappraisal of Form and Function. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:826098. [PMID: 35280702 PMCID: PMC8916035 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.826098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endolysosomal system is present in all cell types. Within these cells, it performs a series of essential roles, such as trafficking and sorting of membrane cargo, intracellular signaling, control of metabolism and degradation. A specific compartment within central neurons, called the presynapse, mediates inter-neuronal communication via the fusion of neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles (SVs). The localized recycling of SVs and their organization into functional pools is widely assumed to be a discrete mechanism, that only intersects with the endolysosomal system at specific points. However, evidence is emerging that molecules essential for endolysosomal function also have key roles within the SV life cycle, suggesting that they form a continuum rather than being isolated processes. In this review, we summarize the evidence for key endolysosomal molecules in SV recycling and propose an alternative model for membrane trafficking at the presynapse. This includes the hypotheses that endolysosomal intermediates represent specific functional SV pools, that sorting of cargo to SVs is mediated via the endolysosomal system and that manipulation of this process can result in both plastic changes to neurotransmitter release and pathophysiology via neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ivanova
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Daniela Ivanova,
| | - Michael A. Cousin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Michael A. Cousin,
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27
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Wilkinson EC, Starke EL, Barbee SA. Vps54 Regulates Lifespan and Locomotor Behavior in Adult Drosophila melanogaster. Front Genet 2021; 12:762012. [PMID: 34712272 PMCID: PMC8546322 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.762012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vps54 is an integral subunit of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex, which is involved in tethering endosome-derived vesicles to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). A destabilizing missense mutation in Vps54 causes the age-progressive motor neuron (MN) degeneration, muscle weakness, and muscle atrophy observed in the wobbler mouse, an established animal model for human MN disease. It is currently unclear how the disruption of Vps54, and thereby the GARP complex, leads to MN and muscle phenotypes. To develop a new tool to address this question, we have created an analogous model in Drosophila by generating novel loss-of-function alleles of the fly Vps54 ortholog (scattered/scat). We find that null scat mutant adults are viable but have a significantly shortened lifespan. Like phenotypes observed in the wobbler mouse, we show that scat mutant adults are male sterile and have significantly reduced body size and muscle area. Moreover, we demonstrate that scat mutant adults have significant age-progressive defects in locomotor function. Interestingly, we see sexually dimorphic effects, with scat mutant adult females exhibiting significantly stronger phenotypes. Finally, we show that scat interacts genetically with rab11 in MNs to control age-progressive muscle atrophy in adults. Together, these data suggest that scat mutant flies share mutant phenotypes with the wobbler mouse and may serve as a new genetic model system to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying MN disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Wilkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Emily L Starke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Scott A Barbee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
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28
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Tashima Y, Hirata T, Maeda Y, Murakami Y, Kinoshita T. Differential use of p24 family members as cargo receptors for the transport of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and Wnt1. J Biochem 2021; 171:75-83. [PMID: 34647572 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexes of p24 proteins act as cargo receptors for the transport of COPII vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum. The major cargos of p24 complexes are hydrophilic proteins tethered to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane via a covalently attached glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) or fatty acid. Each p24 complex is known to contain members from all four p24 subfamilies (p24α, p24β, p24γ, and p24δ). However, it remains unclear how the cargo specificities of p24 complexes are influenced by member stoichiometry. Here, we report the subunit compositions of mammalian p24 complexes involved in the transport of GPI-anchored proteins and Wnt1. We show that at least one p24α is required for the formation of p24 complexes, and that a p24 complex consisting of p24α2, p24β1, p24γ2, and p24δ1 is required for the efficient transport of GPI-anchored proteins. On the other hand, a p24 complex containing p24α2, p24α3, p24β1, p24γ, and p24δ1 is involved in the transport of Wnt1. Further, interactions between p24α2 and p24α3 are critical for Wnt1 transport. Thus, p24α and p24γ subfamily members are important for cargo selectivity. Lastly, our data fit with an octamer, rather than a tetramer, model of p24 complexes, where each complex consists of two proteins from each p24 subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tashima
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, and + WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Current Address: Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, and + WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Current Address: Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maeda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, and + WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, and + WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, and + WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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29
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Zohar K, Lezmi E, Eliyahu T, Linial M. Ladostigil Attenuates Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblast-like SH-SY5Y Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091251. [PMID: 34572436 PMCID: PMC8471141 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of the aging brain is the robust inflammation mediated by microglial activation. Pathophysiology of common neurodegenerative diseases involves oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Chronic treatment of aging rats by ladostigil, a compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory function, prevented microglial activation and learning deficits. In this study, we further investigate the effect of ladostigil on undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells. We show that SH-SY5Y cells exposed to acute (by H2O2) or chronic oxidative stress (by Sin1, 3-morpholinosydnonimine) induced apoptotic cell death. However, in the presence of ladostigil, the decline in cell viability and the increase of oxidative levels were partially reversed. RNA-seq analysis showed that prolonged oxidation by Sin1 resulted in a simultaneous reduction of the expression level of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) genes that participate in proteostasis. By comparing the differential gene expression profile of Sin1 treated cells to cells incubated with ladostigil before being exposed to Sin1, we observed an over-expression of Clk1 (Cdc2-like kinase 1) which was implicated in psychophysiological stress in mice and Alzheimer’s disease. Ladostigil also suppressed the expression of Ccpg1 (Cell cycle progression 1) and Synj1 (Synaptojanin 1) that are involved in ER-autophagy and endocytic pathways. We postulate that ladostigil alleviated cell damage induced by oxidation. Therefore, under conditions of chronic stress that are observed in the aging brain, ladostigil may block oxidative stress processes and consequently reduce neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Zohar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; (K.Z.); (T.E.)
| | - Elyad Lezmi
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Tsiona Eliyahu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; (K.Z.); (T.E.)
| | - Michal Linial
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; (K.Z.); (T.E.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Khakurel A, Kudlyk T, Bonifacino JS, Lupashin VV. The Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex plays an essential role in the maintenance of the Golgi glycosylation machinery. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1594-1610. [PMID: 34161137 PMCID: PMC8351751 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-04-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi complex is a central hub for intracellular protein trafficking and glycosylation. Steady-state localization of glycosylation enzymes is achieved by a combination of mechanisms involving retention and recycling, but the machinery governing these mechanisms is poorly understood. Herein we show that the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex is a critical component of this machinery. Using multiple human cell lines, we show that depletion of GARP subunits impairs Golgi modification of N- and O-glycans and reduces the stability of glycoproteins and Golgi enzymes. Moreover, GARP-knockout (KO) cells exhibit reduced retention of glycosylation enzymes in the Golgi. A RUSH assay shows that, in GARP-KO cells, the enzyme beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 is not retained at the Golgi complex but instead is missorted to the endolysosomal system. We propose that the endosomal system is part of the trafficking itinerary of Golgi enzymes or their recycling adaptors and that the GARP complex is essential for recycling and stabilization of the Golgi glycosylation machinery. [Media: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Khakurel
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Tetyana Kudlyk
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Vladimir V. Lupashin
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Little Rock, AR 72205
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31
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A knockout cell library of GPI biosynthetic genes for functional studies of GPI-anchored proteins. Commun Biol 2021; 4:777. [PMID: 34162996 PMCID: PMC8222316 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 100 kinds of proteins are expressed as glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) on the cell surface in mammalian cells. GPI-APs possess unique properties in terms of their intracellular trafficking and association with lipid rafts. Although it is clear that GPI-APs play critical roles in various biological phenomena, it is poorly understood how the GPI moiety contributes to these mechanisms. More than 30 genes are involved in the correct biosynthesis of GPI-APs. We here constructed a cell library in which 32 genes involved in GPI biosynthesis were knocked out in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Using the cell library, the surface expression and sensitivity to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C of GPI-APs were analyzed. Furthermore, we identified structural motifs of GPIs that are recognized by a GPI-binding toxin, aerolysin. The cell-based GPI-knockout library could be applied not only to basic researches, but also to applications and methodologies related to GPI-APs.
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32
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Beilina A, Bonet-Ponce L, Kumaran R, Kordich JJ, Ishida M, Mamais A, Kaganovich A, Saez-Atienzar S, Gershlick DC, Roosen DA, Pellegrini L, Malkov V, Fell MJ, Harvey K, Bonifacino JS, Moore DJ, Cookson MR. The Parkinson's Disease Protein LRRK2 Interacts with the GARP Complex to Promote Retrograde Transport to the trans-Golgi Network. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107614. [PMID: 32375042 PMCID: PMC7315779 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the precise function of LRRK2 remains unclear. We report an interaction between LRRK2 and VPS52, a subunit of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex that identifies a function of LRRK2 in regulating membrane fusion at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). At the TGN, LRRK2 further interacts with the Golgi SNAREs VAMP4 and Syntaxin-6 and acts as a scaffolding platform that stabilizes the GARP-SNAREs complex formation. Therefore, LRRK2 influences both retrograde and post-Golgi trafficking pathways in a manner dependent on its GTP binding and kinase activity. This action is exaggerated by mutations associated with Parkinson's disease and can be blocked by kinase inhibitors. Disruption of GARP sensitizes dopamine neurons to mutant LRRK2 toxicity in C. elegans, showing that these pathways are interlinked in vivo and suggesting a link in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Beilina
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Luis Bonet-Ponce
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Ravindran Kumaran
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jennifer J Kordich
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Morié Ishida
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Adamantios Mamais
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Alice Kaganovich
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sara Saez-Atienzar
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - David C Gershlick
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Dorien A Roosen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Vlad Malkov
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew J Fell
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kirsten Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Darren J Moore
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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33
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Homma Y, Fukuda M. Knockout analysis of Rab6 effector proteins revealed the role of VPS52 in the secretory pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 561:151-157. [PMID: 34023780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rab small GTPases regulate intracellular membrane trafficking by interacting with specific binding proteins called Rab effectors. Although Rab6 is implicated in basement membrane formation and secretory cargo trafficking, its precise regulatory mechanisms have remained largely unknown. In the present study we established five knockout cell lines for candidate Rab6 effectors and discovered that knockout of VPS52, a subunit of the GARP complex, resulted in attenuated secretion and lysosomal accumulation of secretory cargos, the same as Rab6-knockout does. We also evaluated the functional importance of the previously uncharacterized C-terminal region of VPS52 for restoring these phenotypes, as well as for the sorting of lysosomal proteins. Our findings suggest that VPS52 is an effector protein that is responsible for the Rab6-dependent secretory cargo trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Homma
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
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Guarnieri AR, Anthony SR, Gozdiff A, Green LC, Fleifil SM, Slone S, Nieman ML, Alam P, Benoit JB, Owens AP, Kanisicak O, Tranter M. Adipocyte-specific deletion of HuR induces spontaneous cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H228-H241. [PMID: 34018851 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00957.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue homeostasis plays a central role in cardiovascular physiology, and the presence of thermogenically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) has recently been associated with cardiometabolic health. We have previously shown that adipose tissue-specific deletion of HuR (Adipo-HuR-/-) reduces BAT-mediated adaptive thermogenesis, and the goal of this work was to identify the cardiovascular impacts of Adipo-HuR-/-. We found that Adipo-HuR-/- mice exhibit a hypercontractile phenotype that is accompanied by increased left ventricle wall thickness and hypertrophic gene expression. Furthermore, hearts from Adipo-HuR-/- mice display increased fibrosis via picrosirius red staining and periostin expression. To identify underlying mechanisms, we applied both RNA-seq and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) across both cardiac and adipose tissue to define HuR-dependent changes in gene expression as well as significant relationships between adipose tissue gene expression and cardiac fibrosis. RNA-seq results demonstrated a significant increase in proinflammatory gene expression in both cardiac and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) from Adipo-HuR-/- mice that is accompanied by an increase in serum levels of both TNF-α and IL-6. In addition to inflammation-related genes, WGCNA identified a significant enrichment in extracellular vesicle-mediated transport and exosome-associated genes in scWAT, whose expression most significantly associated with the degree of cardiac fibrosis observed in Adipo-HuR-/- mice, implicating these processes as a likely adipose-to-cardiac paracrine mechanism. These results are significant in that they demonstrate the spontaneous onset of cardiovascular pathology in an adipose tissue-specific gene deletion model and contribute to our understanding of how disruptions in adipose tissue homeostasis may mediate cardiovascular disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The presence of functional brown adipose tissue in humans is known to be associated with cardiovascular health. Here, we show that adipocyte-specific deletion of the RNA binding protein HuR, which we have previously shown to reduce BAT-mediated thermogenesis, is sufficient to mediate a spontaneous development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. These results may have implications on the mechanisms by which BAT function and adipose tissue homeostasis directly mediate cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne R Guarnieri
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sarah R Anthony
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Anamarie Gozdiff
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa C Green
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Salma M Fleifil
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sam Slone
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michelle L Nieman
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Perwez Alam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - A Phillip Owens
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Onur Kanisicak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael Tranter
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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35
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Yang J, Hirata T, Liu YS, Guo XY, Gao XD, Kinoshita T, Fujita M. Human SND2 mediates ER targeting of GPI-anchored proteins with low hydrophobic GPI attachment signals. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1542-1558. [PMID: 33838053 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over 100 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are encoded in the mammalian genome. It is not well understood how these proteins are targeted and translocated to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we reveal that many GPI-APs, such as CD59, CD55, and CD109, utilize human SND2 (hSND2)-dependent ER targeting machinery. We also found that signal recognition particle receptors seem to cooperate with hSND2 to target GPI-APs to the ER. Both the N-terminal signal sequence and C-terminal GPI attachment signal of GPI-APs contribute to ER targeting via the hSND2-dependent pathway. Particularly, the hydrophobicity of the C-terminal GPI attachment signal acts as the determinant of hSND2 dependency. Our results explain the route and mechanism of the ER targeting of GPI-APs in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Japan
| | - Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin-Yu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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36
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Leng JX, Ren WW, Li Y, Yang G, Gao XD, Fujita M. Cell engineering for the production of hybrid-type N-glycans in HEK293 cells. J Biochem 2021; 170:139-151. [PMID: 33878161 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein therapeutics are among the leading products in the biopharmaceutical industry. The heterogeneity of glycans in therapeutic proteins is an issue for maintaining quality, activity, and safety during bioprocessing. In this study, we knocked out genes encoding Golgi α-mannosidase-II, MAN2A1 and MAN2A2 in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells, establishing an M2D-KO cell line that can produce recombinant proteins mainly with hybrid-type N-glycans. Furthermore, FUT8, which encodes α1,6-fucosyltransferase, was knocked out in the M2D-KO cell line, establishing a DF-KO cell line that can express non-core fucosylated hybrid-type N-glycans. Two recombinant proteins, lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) and constant fragment (Fc) of human IgG1, were expressed in the M2D-KO and DF-KO cell lines. Glycan structural analysis revealed that complex-type N-glycans were removed in both M2D-KO and DF-KO cells. Our results suggest that these cell lines are suitable for the production of therapeutic proteins with hybrid-type N-glycans. Moreover, KO cell lines would be useful as models for researching the mechanism of antimetastatic effects in human tumors by swainsonine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xiong Leng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei-Wei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Ganglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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37
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McFarlane HE, Mutwil-Anderwald D, Verbančič J, Picard KL, Gookin TE, Froehlich A, Chakravorty D, Trindade LM, Alonso JM, Assmann SM, Persson S. A G protein-coupled receptor-like module regulates cellulose synthase secretion from the endomembrane system in Arabidopsis. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1484-1497.e7. [PMID: 33878345 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is produced at the plasma membrane of plant cells by cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes (CSCs). CSCs are assembled in the endomembrane system and then trafficked to the plasma membrane. Because CESAs are only active in the plasma membrane, control of CSC secretion regulates cellulose synthesis. We identified members of a family of seven transmembrane domain-containing proteins (7TMs) that are important for cellulose production during cell wall integrity stress. 7TMs are often associated with guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein signaling and we found that mutants affecting the Gβγ dimer phenocopied the 7tm mutants. Unexpectedly, the 7TMs localized to the Golgi/trans-Golgi network where they interacted with G protein components. Here, the 7TMs and Gβγ regulated CESA trafficking but did not affect general protein secretion. Our results outline how a G protein-coupled module regulates CESA trafficking and reveal that defects in this process lead to exacerbated responses to cell wall integrity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E McFarlane
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010 VIC, Australia; Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Daniela Mutwil-Anderwald
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; School of the Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Jana Verbančič
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010 VIC, Australia; Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kelsey L Picard
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010 VIC, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001 TAS, Australia
| | - Timothy E Gookin
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Anja Froehlich
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - David Chakravorty
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Luisa M Trindade
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010 VIC, Australia; Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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38
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Huang YF, Aoki K, Akase S, Ishihara M, Liu YS, Yang G, Kizuka Y, Mizumoto S, Tiemeyer M, Gao XD, Aoki-Kinoshita KF, Fujita M. Global mapping of glycosylation pathways in human-derived cells. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1195-1209.e7. [PMID: 33730547 PMCID: PMC8086148 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are one of the fundamental classes of macromolecules and are involved in a broad range of biological phenomena. A large variety of glycan structures can be synthesized depending on tissue or cell types and environmental changes. Here, we developed a comprehensive glycosylation mapping tool, termed GlycoMaple, to visualize and estimate glycan structures based on gene expression. We informatically selected 950 genes involved in glycosylation and its regulation. Expression profiles of these genes were mapped onto global glycan metabolic pathways to predict glycan structures, which were confirmed using glycomic analyses. Based on the predictions of N-glycan processing, we constructed 40 knockout HEK293 cell lines and analyzed the effects of gene knockout on glycan structures. Finally, the glycan structures of 64 cell lines, 37 tissues, and primary colon tumor tissues were estimated and compared using publicly available databases. Our systematic approach can accelerate glycan analyses and engineering in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sachiko Akase
- Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishihara
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ganglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Kiyoko F Aoki-Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan; Glycan & Life System Integration Center (GaLSIC), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan.
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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39
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Shin JJH, Crook OM, Borgeaud AC, Cattin-Ortolá J, Peak-Chew SY, Breckels LM, Gillingham AK, Chadwick J, Lilley KS, Munro S. Spatial proteomics defines the content of trafficking vesicles captured by golgin tethers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5987. [PMID: 33239640 PMCID: PMC7689464 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular traffic between compartments of the secretory and endocytic pathways is mediated by vesicle-based carriers. The proteomes of carriers destined for many organelles are ill-defined because the vesicular intermediates are transient, low-abundance and difficult to purify. Here, we combine vesicle relocalisation with organelle proteomics and Bayesian analysis to define the content of different endosome-derived vesicles destined for the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The golgin coiled-coil proteins golgin-97 and GCC88, shown previously to capture endosome-derived vesicles at the TGN, were individually relocalised to mitochondria and the content of the subsequently re-routed vesicles was determined by organelle proteomics. Our findings reveal 45 integral and 51 peripheral membrane proteins re-routed by golgin-97, evidence for a distinct class of vesicles shared by golgin-97 and GCC88, and various cargoes specific to individual golgins. These results illustrate a general strategy for analysing intracellular sub-proteomes by combining acute cellular re-wiring with high-resolution spatial proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J H Shin
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Oliver M Crook
- The Milner Therapeutics Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Alicia C Borgeaud
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jérôme Cattin-Ortolá
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sew Y Peak-Chew
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Lisa M Breckels
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Alison K Gillingham
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jessica Chadwick
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Kathryn S Lilley
- The Milner Therapeutics Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Sean Munro
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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40
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Liu YS, Matabaro E, Gao XD, Fujita M. Selecting cells expressing high levels of recombinant proteins using the GPI-anchored protein with selenocysteine system. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 131:225-233. [PMID: 33158753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most biopharmaceutical proteins are produced in mammalian cells because they have the advantageous capacity for protein folding, assembly, and posttranslational modifications. To satisfy the increasing demand for these proteins for clinical purposes and studies, traditional methods to improve protein productivity have included gene amplification, host cell engineering, medium optimization, and screening methods. However, screening and selection of high-producing cell lines remain complex and time consuming. In this study, we established a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein with a selenocysteine (GPS) system to select cells producing high levels of target secretory proteins. Recombinant lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) and α-galactosidase A (GALA) were fused with a GPI attachment signal sequence and a selenocysteine insertion sequence after an in-frame UGA codon. Under these conditions, most of the recombinant proteins were secreted into the culture medium, but some were found to be GPI-anchored proteins on the cell surface. When sodium selenite was supplied into the culture medium, the amount of GPI-anchored LIPA and GALA was increased. High-expressing cells were selected by detecting surface GPI-anchored LIPA. The GPI-anchored protein was then eliminated by knocking out the GPI biosynthesis gene PIGK, in these cells, all LIPA was in secreted form. Our system provides a promising method of isolating cells that highly express recombinant proteins from large cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Emmanuel Matabaro
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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41
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Deng S, Liu J, Wu X, Lu W. Golgi Apparatus: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Autophagy-Associated Neurological Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:564975. [PMID: 33015059 PMCID: PMC7509445 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.564975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has dual effects in human diseases: appropriate autophagy may protect cells from stress, while excessive autophagy may cause cell death. Additionally, close interactions exist between autophagy and the Golgi. This review outlines recent advances regarding the role of the Golgi apparatus in autophagy. The signaling processes of autophagy are dependent on the normal function of the Golgi. Specifically, (i) autophagy-related protein 9 is mainly located in the Golgi and forms new autophagosomes in response to stressors; (ii) Golgi fragmentation is induced by Golgi-related proteins and accompanied with autophagy induction; and (iii) the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment and the reticular trans-Golgi network play essential roles in autophagosome formation to provide a template for lipidation of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 and induce further ubiquitination. Golgi-related proteins regulate formation of autophagosomes, and disrupted formation of autophagy can influence Golgi function. Notably, aberrant autophagy has been demonstrated to be implicated in neurological diseases. Thus, targeted therapies aimed at protecting the Golgi or regulating Golgi proteins might prevent or ameliorate autophagy-related neurological diseases. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential application of Golgi therapy in autophagy-based neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Guo XY, Liu YS, Gao XD, Kinoshita T, Fujita M. Calnexin mediates the maturation of GPI-anchors through ER retention. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16393-16410. [PMID: 32967966 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein folding and lipid moiety status of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are monitored in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), with calnexin playing dual roles in the maturation of GPI-APs. In the present study, we investigated the functions of calnexin in the quality control and lipid remodeling of GPI-APs in the ER. By directly binding the N-glycan on proteins, calnexin was observed to efficiently retain GPI-APs in the ER until they were correctly folded. In addition, sufficient ER retention time was crucial for GPI-inositol deacylation, which is mediated by post-GPI attachment protein 1 (PGAP1). Once the calnexin/calreticulin cycle was disrupted, misfolded and inositol-acylated GPI-APs could not be retained in the ER and were exposed on the plasma membrane. In calnexin/calreticulin-deficient cells, endogenous GPI-anchored alkaline phosphatase was expressed on the cell surface, but its activity was significantly decreased. ER stress induced surface expression of misfolded GPI-APs, but proper GPI-inositol deacylation occurred due to the extended time that they were retained in the ER. Our results indicate that calnexin-mediated ER quality control systems for GPI-APs are necessary for both protein folding and GPI-inositol deacylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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43
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Cao R, Zhang TC, Chen YR, Cao C, Chen H, Huang YF, Fujita M, Liu L, Voglmeir J. Aberration of Serum and Tissue N-Glycans in Mouse β1,4-GalT1 Y286L Mutant Variants. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:767-775. [PMID: 32926333 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
β1,4-GalT1 is a type II membrane glycosyltransferase. It catalyzes the production of lactose in the lactating mammary gland and is supposedly also involved in the galactosylation of terminal GlcNAc of complex-type N-glycans. In-vitro studies of the bovine β4Gal-T1 homolog showed that replacing a single residue of tyrosine with leucine at position 289 alters the donor substrate specificity from UDP-Gal to UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine (UDP-GalNAc). The effect of this peculiar change in β1,4GalT1 specificity was investigated in-vivo, by generating biallelic Tyr286Leu β1,4GalT1 mice using CRISPR/Cas9 and crossbreeding. Mice bearing this mutation showed no appreciable defects when compared to wild-type mice, with the exception of biallelic female B4GALT1 mutant mice, which were unable to produce milk. The detailed comparison of wild-type and mutant mice derived from liver, kidney, spleen, and intestinal tissues showed only small differences in their N-glycan pattern. Comparable N-glycosylation was also observed in HEK 293 wild-type and knock-out B4GALT1 cells. Remarkably and in contrast to the other analyzed tissue samples, sialylation and galactosylation of serum N-glycans of biallelic Tyr286Leu GalT1 mice almost disappeared completely. These results suggest that β1,4GalT1 plays a special role in the synthesis of serum N-glycans. The herein described Tyr286Leu β1,4GalT1 mutant mouse model may, therefore, prove useful in the investigation of the mechanism which regulates tissue-dependent galactosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cao
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Chan Zhang
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Ran Chen
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cui Cao
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Fan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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44
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Patel PH, Wilkinson EC, Starke EL, McGimsey MR, Blankenship JT, Barbee SA. Vps54 regulates Drosophila neuromuscular junction development and interacts genetically with Rab7 to control composition of the postsynaptic density. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio053421. [PMID: 32747448 PMCID: PMC7473652 DOI: 10.1242/bio.053421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vps54 is a subunit of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex, which is involved in tethering endosome-derived vesicles to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). In the wobbler mouse, a model for human motor neuron (MN) disease, reduction in the levels of Vps54 causes neurodegeneration. However, it is unclear how disruption of the GARP complex leads to MN dysfunction. To better understand the role of Vps54 in MNs, we have disrupted expression of the Vps54 ortholog in Drosophila and examined the impact on the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Surprisingly, we show that both null mutants and MN-specific knockdown of Vps54 leads to NMJ overgrowth. Reduction of Vps54 partially disrupts localization of the t-SNARE, Syntaxin-16, to the TGN but has no visible impact on endosomal pools. MN-specific knockdown of Vps54 in MNs combined with overexpression of the small GTPases Rab5, Rab7, or Rab11 suppresses the Vps54 NMJ phenotype. Conversely, knockdown of Vps54 combined with overexpression of dominant negative Rab7 causes NMJ and behavioral abnormalities including a decrease in postsynaptic Dlg and GluRIIB levels without any effect on GluRIIA. Taken together, these data suggest that Vps54 controls larval MN axon development and postsynaptic density composition through a mechanism that requires Rab7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajal H Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Emily C Wilkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Emily L Starke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Malea R McGimsey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - J Todd Blankenship
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Scott A Barbee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
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45
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D'Alessandro R, Meldolesi J. News about non-secretory exocytosis: mechanisms, properties, and functions. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:736-746. [PMID: 30605539 PMCID: PMC6821209 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion by exocytosis of many vesicles to the plasma membrane induces the discharge to the extracellular space of their abundant luminal cargoes. Other exocytic vesicles, however, do not contain cargoes, and thus, their fusion is not followed by secretion. Therefore, two distinct processes of exocytosis exist, one secretory and the other non-secretory. The present review deals with the knowledge of non-secretory exocytosis developed during recent years. Among such developments are the dual generation of the exocytic vesicles, initially released either from the trans-Golgi network or by endocytosis; their traffic with activation of receptors, channels, pumps, and transporters; the identification of their tethering and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor complexes that govern membrane fusions; the growth of axons and the membrane repair. Examples of potential relevance of these processes for pathology and medicine are also reported. The developments presented here offer interesting chances for future progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacopo Meldolesi
- Scientific Institute San Raffaele and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
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46
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Urata Y, Saiki W, Tsukamoto Y, Sago H, Hibi H, Okajima T, Takeuchi H. Xylosyl Extension of O-Glucose Glycans on the Extracellular Domain of NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 Regulates Notch Cell Surface Trafficking. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051220. [PMID: 32423029 PMCID: PMC7291291 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical and genetic studies have indicated that O-linked glycosylation such as O-glucose (Glc), fucose (Fuc), and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is critical for Notch signaling; however, it is not fully understood how O-glycans regulate the Notch receptor function. Notch receptors are type-I transmembrane proteins with large extracellular domains (ECD), containing 29–36 epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats. Here, we analyzed O-Glc glycans on NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 expressed in HEK293T cells using an Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer and successfully revealed the structures and stoichiometries of all 17 EGF repeats of NOTCH1 with the O-Glc consensus sequence (C1-X-S-X-(P/A)-C2), and 16 out of 17 EGF repeats of NOTCH2 with the same consensus sequence. High levels of O-Glc attachment and xylosyl elongation were detected on most NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 EGF repeats. When both glucoside xylosyltransferases, GXYLT1 and GXYLT2, responsible for the xylosyl elongation of O-glucose, were genetically deleted, the expression of endogenous NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 on the surface of HEK293T cells did not change, but the cell surface expression of overexpressed NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 decreased compared with that in the wild type cells. In vitro secretion assays consistently showed a reduced secretion of both the NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 ECDs in GXYLT1 and GXYLT2 double knockout cells compared with the wild type cells, suggesting a significant role of the elongation of O-Glc glycans on the Notch ECDs in the quality control of Notch receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Urata
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.U.); (W.S.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Wataru Saiki
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.U.); (W.S.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Yohei Tsukamoto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.U.); (W.S.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroaki Sago
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.U.); (W.S.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Hideharu Hibi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.U.); (W.S.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (H.T.); Tel.: +81-52-744-2068 (H.T.)
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.U.); (W.S.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (H.T.); Tel.: +81-52-744-2068 (H.T.)
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47
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Batty MB, Schittenhelm RB, Dorin-Semblat D, Doerig C, Garcia-Bustos JF. Interaction of Plasmodium falciparum casein kinase 1 with components of host cell protein trafficking machinery. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1243-1249. [PMID: 32356940 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A pool of Plasmodium falciparum casein kinase 1 (PfCK1) has been shown to localize to the host red blood cell (RBC) membrane and be secreted to the extracellular medium during trophozoite stage of development. We attempted to identify mechanisms for secretion of PfCK1 and its appearance on the RBC membrane. We found that two host proteins with established functions in membrane trafficking in higher eukaryotes, GTPase-activating protein and Vps9 domain-containing protein 1 (GAPVD1), and Sorting nexin 22, consistently co-purify with PfCK1, suggesting that the parasite utilizes trafficking pathways previously thought to be inactive in RBCs. Furthermore, reciprocal immunoprecipitation experiments with GAPVD1 identified parasite proteins suggestive of a protein recycling pathway hitherto only described in higher eukaryotes. Thus, we have identified components of a trafficking pathway involving parasite proteins that act in concert with host proteins, and which we hypothesize mediates trafficking of PfCK1 to the RBC during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B Batty
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dominique Dorin-Semblat
- Université de Paris, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, INSERM, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Christian Doerig
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Chronic, Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jose F Garcia-Bustos
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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48
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Patkunarajah A, Stear JH, Moroni M, Schroeter L, Blaszkiewicz J, Tearle JLE, Cox CD, Fürst C, Sánchez-Carranza O, Ocaña Fernández MDÁ, Fleischer R, Eravci M, Weise C, Martinac B, Biro M, Lewin GR, Poole K. TMEM87a/Elkin1, a component of a novel mechanoelectrical transduction pathway, modulates melanoma adhesion and migration. eLife 2020; 9:53308. [PMID: 32228863 PMCID: PMC7173973 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanoelectrical transduction is a cellular signalling pathway where physical stimuli are converted into electro-chemical signals by mechanically activated ion channels. We describe here the presence of mechanically activated currents in melanoma cells that are dependent on TMEM87a, which we have renamed Elkin1. Heterologous expression of this protein in PIEZO1-deficient cells, that exhibit no baseline mechanosensitivity, is sufficient to reconstitute mechanically activated currents. Melanoma cells lacking functional Elkin1 exhibit defective mechanoelectrical transduction, decreased motility and increased dissociation from organotypic spheroids. By analysing cell adhesion properties, we demonstrate that Elkin1 deletion is associated with increased cell-substrate adhesion and decreased homotypic cell-cell adhesion strength. We therefore conclude that Elkin1 supports a PIEZO1-independent mechanoelectrical transduction pathway and modulates cellular adhesions and regulates melanoma cell migration and cell-cell interactions. When cells receive signals about their surrounding environment, this initiates a chain of signals which generate a response. Some of these signalling pathways allow cells to sense physical and mechanical forces via a process called mechanotransduction. There are different types of mechanotransduction. In one pathway, mechanical forces open up specialized channels on the cell surface which allow charged particles to move across the membrane and create an electrical current. Mechanoelectrical transduction plays an important role in the spread of cancer: as cancer cells move away from a tumour they use these signalling pathways to find their way between cells and move into other parts of the body. Understanding these pathways could reveal ways to stop cancer from spreading, making it easier to treat. However, it remains unclear which molecules regulate mechanoelectrical transduction in cancer cells. Now, Patkunarajah, Stear et al. have studied whether mechanoelectrical transduction is involved in the migration of skin cancer cells. To study mechanoelectrical transduction, a fine mechanical input was applied to the skin cancer cells whilst measuring the flow of charged molecules moving across the membrane. This experiment revealed that a previously unknown protein named Elkin1 is required to convert mechanical forces into electrical currents. Deleting this newly found protein caused skin cancer cells to move more slowly and dissociate more easily from tumour-like clusters of cells. These findings suggest that Elkin1 is part of a newly identified mechanotransduction pathway that allows cells to sense mechanical forces from their surrounding environment. More work is needed to determine what role Elkin1 plays in mechanoelectrical transduction and whether other proteins are also involved. This could lead to new approaches that prevent cancer cells from dissociating from tumours and spreading to other body parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Patkunarajah
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeffrey H Stear
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Mirko Moroni
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Lioba Schroeter
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jacqueline LE Tearle
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Carina Fürst
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | | | | | - Raluca Fleischer
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Murat Eravci
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gary R Lewin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Kate Poole
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Cellular and Systems Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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49
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Wang Y, Maeda Y, Liu YS, Takada Y, Ninomiya A, Hirata T, Fujita M, Murakami Y, Kinoshita T. Cross-talks of glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis with glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and ER-associated degradation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:860. [PMID: 32054864 PMCID: PMC7018848 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins and glycosphingolipids interact with each other in the mammalian plasma membranes, forming dynamic microdomains. How their interaction starts in the cells has been unclear. Here, based on a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screen for genes required for GPI side-chain modification by galactose in the Golgi apparatus, we report that β1,3-galactosyltransferase 4 (B3GALT4), the previously characterized GM1 ganglioside synthase, additionally functions in transferring galactose to the N-acetylgalactosamine side-chain of GPI. Furthermore, B3GALT4 requires lactosylceramide for the efficient GPI side-chain galactosylation. Thus, our work demonstrates previously unexpected functional relationships between GPI-anchored proteins and glycosphingolipids in the Golgi. Through the same screening, we also show that GPI biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is severely suppressed by ER-associated degradation to prevent GPI accumulation when the transfer of synthesized GPI to proteins is defective. Our data demonstrates cross-talks of GPI biosynthesis with glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and the ER quality control system. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors are found on many cell surface proteins but their biosynthesis is not fully understood. Here, the authors identify genes involved in GPI galactosylation and reveal functional connections between GPI processing, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and ER-associated degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maeda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yoko Takada
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akinori Ninomiya
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-City, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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50
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Da Costa R, Bordessoules M, Guilleman M, Carmignac V, Lhussiez V, Courot H, Bataille A, Chlémaire A, Bruno C, Fauque P, Thauvin C, Faivre L, Duplomb L. Vps13b is required for acrosome biogenesis through functions in Golgi dynamic and membrane trafficking. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:511-529. [PMID: 31218450 PMCID: PMC11104845 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The sperm acrosome is a lysosome-related organelle that develops using membrane trafficking from the Golgi apparatus as well as the endolysosomal compartment. How vesicular trafficking is regulated in spermatids to form the acrosome remains to be elucidated. VPS13B, a RAB6-interactor, was recently shown involved in endomembrane trafficking. Here, we report the generation of the first Vps13b-knockout mouse model and show that male mutant mice are infertile due to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. This phenotype was explained by a failure of Vps13b deficient spermatids to form an acrosome. In wild-type spermatids, immunostaining of Vps13b and Rab6 revealed that they transiently locate to the acrosomal inner membrane. Spermatids lacking Vps13b did not present with the Golgi structure that characterizes wild-type spermatids and showed abnormal targeting of PNA- and Rab6-positive Golgi-derived vesicles to Eea1- and Lamp2-positive structures. Altogether, our results uncover a function of Vps13b in the regulation of the vesicular transport between Golgi apparatus, acrosome, and endolysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Da Costa
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France.
- FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Morgane Bordessoules
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
- FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Magali Guilleman
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital François Mitterrand, Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Carmignac
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Génétique à Expression Cutanée MAGEC-Mosaique, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Vincent Lhussiez
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Hortense Courot
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Amandine Bataille
- Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire CellImaP/DimaCell, Inserm LNC UMR1231, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Amandine Chlémaire
- Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire CellImaP/DimaCell, Inserm LNC UMR1231, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Céline Bruno
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital François Mitterrand, Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Fauque
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital François Mitterrand, Université de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Christel Thauvin
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
- FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, CHU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
- FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duplomb
- Inserm, UMR1231, Equipe GAD, Bâtiment B3, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 boulevard du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon Cedex, France
- FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
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