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Coursen JC, Tuhy T, Naranjo M, Woods A, Hummers LK, Shah AA, Suresh K, Visovatti SH, Mathai SC, Hassoun PM, Damico RL, Simpson CE. Aberrant long-chain fatty acid metabolism associated with evolving systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 327:L54-L64. [PMID: 38651694 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00057.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We sought to investigate differential metabolism in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) who develop pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) versus those who do not, as a method of identifying potential disease biomarkers. In a nested case-control design, serum metabolites were assayed in SSc subjects who developed right heart catheterization-confirmed PAH (n = 22) while under surveillance in a longitudinal cohort from Johns Hopkins, then compared with metabolites assayed in matched SSc patients who did not develop PAH (n = 22). Serum samples were collected at "proximate" (within 12 months) and "distant" (within 1-5 yr) time points relative to PAH diagnosis. Metabolites were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). An LC-MS dataset from SSc subjects with either mildly elevated pulmonary pressures or overt PAH from the University of Michigan was compared. Differentially abundant metabolites were tested as predictors of PAH in two additional validation SSc cohorts. Long-chain fatty acid metabolism (LCFA) consistently differed in SSc-PAH versus SSc without PH. LCFA metabolites discriminated SSc-PAH patients with mildly elevated pressures in the Michigan cohort and predicted SSc-PAH up to 2 yr before clinical diagnosis in the Hopkins cohort. Acylcholines containing LCFA residues and linoleic acid metabolites were most important for discriminating SSc-PAH. Combinations of acylcholines and linoleic acid metabolites provided good discrimination of SSc-PAH across cohorts. Aberrant lipid metabolism is observed throughout the evolution of PAH in SSc. Lipidomic signatures of abnormal LCFA metabolism distinguish SSc-PAH patients from those without PH, including before clinical diagnosis and in mild disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Abnormal lipid metabolism is evident across time in the development of SSc-PAH, and dysregulated long-chain fatty acid metabolism predicts overt PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Coursen
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Tijana Tuhy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Mario Naranjo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Adrianne Woods
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Laura K Hummers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ami A Shah
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Karthik Suresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Scott H Visovatti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Stephen C Mathai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Paul M Hassoun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rachel L Damico
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Catherine E Simpson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Bernhard W, Böckmann KA, Minarski M, Wiechers C, Busch A, Bach D, Poets CF, Franz AR. Evidence and Perspectives for Choline Supplementation during Parenteral Nutrition-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1873. [PMID: 38931230 PMCID: PMC11206924 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient, with high requirements during fetal and postnatal growth. Tissue concentrations of total choline are tightly regulated, requiring an increase in its pool size proportional to growth. Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, containing a choline headgroup, are constitutive membrane phospholipids, accounting for >85% of total choline, indicating that choline requirements are particularly high during growth. Daily phosphatidylcholine secretion via bile for lipid digestion and very low-density lipoproteins for plasma transport of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid to other organs exceed 50% of its hepatic pool. Moreover, phosphatidylcholine is required for converting pro-apoptotic ceramides to sphingomyelin, while choline is the source of betaine as a methyl donor for creatine synthesis, DNA methylation/repair and kidney function. Interrupted choline supply, as during current total parenteral nutrition (TPN), causes a rapid drop in plasma choline concentration and accumulating deficit. The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) defined choline as critical to all infants requiring TPN, claiming its inclusion in parenteral feeding regimes. We performed a systematic literature search in Pubmed with the terms "choline" and "parenteral nutrition", resulting in 47 relevant publications. Their results, together with cross-references, are discussed. While studies on parenteral choline administration in neonates and older children are lacking, preclinical and observational studies, as well as small randomized controlled trials in adults, suggest choline deficiency as a major contributor to acute and chronic TPN-associated liver disease, and the safety and efficacy of parenteral choline administration for its prevention. Hence, we call for choline formulations suitable to be added to TPN solutions and clinical trials to study their efficacy, particularly in growing children including preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bernhard
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (W.B.); (K.A.B.); (M.M.); (C.W.); (C.F.P.)
| | - Katrin A. Böckmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (W.B.); (K.A.B.); (M.M.); (C.W.); (C.F.P.)
| | - Michaela Minarski
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (W.B.); (K.A.B.); (M.M.); (C.W.); (C.F.P.)
| | - Cornelia Wiechers
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (W.B.); (K.A.B.); (M.M.); (C.W.); (C.F.P.)
| | - Annegret Busch
- Pharmaceutical Department, University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniela Bach
- Pharmaceutical Department, University Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Christian F. Poets
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (W.B.); (K.A.B.); (M.M.); (C.W.); (C.F.P.)
| | - Axel R. Franz
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (W.B.); (K.A.B.); (M.M.); (C.W.); (C.F.P.)
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Children’s Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Agarwal M, Roth K, Yang Z, Sharma R, Maddipati K, Westrick J, Petriello MC. Loss of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 modulates dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 126-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118492. [PMID: 38373550 PMCID: PMC11102846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Dioxin-like pollutants (DLPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB 126), are synthetic chemicals classified as persistent organic pollutants. They accumulate in adipose tissue and have been linked to cardiometabolic disorders, including fatty liver disease. The toxicity of these compounds is associated with activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), leading to the induction of phase I metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P4501a1 (Cyp1a1) and the subsequent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent research has shown that DLPs can also induce the xenobiotic detoxification enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), which plays a role in metabolic homeostasis. We hypothesized whether genetic deletion of Fmo3 could protect mice, particularly in the liver, where Fmo3 is most inducible, against PCB 126 toxicity. To test this hypothesis, male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice and Fmo3 knockout (Fmo3 KO) mice were exposed to PCB 126 or vehicle (safflower oil) during a 12-week study, at weeks 2 and 4. Various analyses were performed, including hepatic histology, RNA-sequencing, and quantitation of PCB 126 and F2-isoprostane concentrations. The results showed that PCB 126 exposure caused macro and microvesicular fat deposition in WT mice, but this macrovesicular fatty change was absent in Fmo3 KO mice. Moreover, at the pathway level, the hepatic oxidative stress response was significantly different between the two genotypes, with the induction of specific genes observed only in WT mice. Notably, the most abundant F2-isoprostane, 8-iso-15-keto PGE2, increased in WT mice in response to PCB 126 exposure. The study's findings also demonstrated that hepatic tissue concentrations of PCB 126 were higher in WT mice compared to Fmo3 KO mice. In summary, the absence of FMO3 in mice led to a distinctive response to dioxin-like pollutant exposure in the liver, likely due to alterations in lipid metabolism and storage, underscoring the complex interplay of genetic factors in the response to environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Katherine Roth
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Zhao Yang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Krishnarao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipidomic Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Judy Westrick
- Department of Chemistry, Lumigen Instrumentation Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Lin H, Zhong Z, Zhang C, Jin X, Qi X, Lian J. An inverse association of dietary choline with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among US adults: a cross-sectional NHANES analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1460. [PMID: 38822299 PMCID: PMC11141004 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of diet choline in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is uncertain. Findings from animal experiments are contradictory while there is a lack of clinical investigations. This study aimed to investigate the association between choline intake and ASCVD based on individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 5525 individuals from the NHANES between 2011 and 2018. Participants were categorized into the ASCVD (n = 5015) and non-ASCVD (n = 510) groups. Univariable and multivariable-adjusted regression analyses were employed to investigate the relationship between diet choline and pertinent covariates. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to evaluate the association between choline intake and ASCVD. RESULTS ASCVD participants had higher choline intake compared to those without ASCVD. In the higher tertiles of choline intake, there was a greater proportion of males, married individuals, highly educated individuals, and those with increased physical activity, but a lower proportion of smokers and drinkers. In the higher tertiles of choline intake, a lower proportion of individuals had a history of congestive heart failure and stroke. After adjusting for age, gender, race, ethnicity, and physical activity, an inverse association between choline intake and heart disease, stroke, and ASCVD was found. A restricted cubic spline analysis showed a mirrored J-shaped relationship between choline and ASCVD, stroke and congestive heart failure in males. There was no association between dietary choline and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION An inverse association was observed between choline intake and ASVCD among U.S. adults. Further large longitudinal studies are needed to test the causal relationship of choline and ASVCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University Health Science Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Zuoquan Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chuanjin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University Health Science Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University Health Science Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xuchen Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China.
| | - Jiangfang Lian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University Health Science Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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Sfakianoudis K, Zikopoulos A, Grigoriadis S, Seretis N, Maziotis E, Anifandis G, Xystra P, Kostoulas C, Giougli U, Pantos K, Simopoulou M, Georgiou I. The Role of One-Carbon Metabolism and Methyl Donors in Medically Assisted Reproduction: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4977. [PMID: 38732193 PMCID: PMC11084717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
One-carbon (1-C) metabolic deficiency impairs homeostasis, driving disease development, including infertility. It is of importance to summarize the current evidence regarding the clinical utility of 1-C metabolism-related biomolecules and methyl donors, namely, folate, betaine, choline, vitamin B12, homocysteine (Hcy), and zinc, as potential biomarkers, dietary supplements, and culture media supplements in the context of medically assisted reproduction (MAR). A narrative review of the literature was conducted in the PubMed/Medline database. Diet, ageing, and the endocrine milieu of individuals affect both 1-C metabolism and fertility status. In vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques, and culture conditions in particular, have a direct impact on 1-C metabolic activity in gametes and embryos. Critical analysis indicated that zinc supplementation in cryopreservation media may be a promising approach to reducing oxidative damage, while female serum homocysteine levels may be employed as a possible biomarker for predicting IVF outcomes. Nonetheless, the level of evidence is low, and future studies are needed to verify these data. One-carbon metabolism-related processes, including redox defense and epigenetic regulation, may be compromised in IVF-derived embryos. The study of 1-C metabolism may lead the way towards improving MAR efficiency and safety and ensuring the lifelong health of MAR infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Sfakianoudis
- Centre for Human Reproduction, Genesis Athens Clinic, 14-16, Papanikoli, 15232 Athens, Greece; (K.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Athanasios Zikopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.Z.); (N.S.); (C.K.); (U.G.); (I.G.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Treliske, Truro TR1 3LJ, UK
| | - Sokratis Grigoriadis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.M.); (P.X.)
| | - Nikolaos Seretis
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.Z.); (N.S.); (C.K.); (U.G.); (I.G.)
| | - Evangelos Maziotis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.M.); (P.X.)
| | - George Anifandis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larisa, Greece;
| | - Paraskevi Xystra
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.M.); (P.X.)
| | - Charilaos Kostoulas
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.Z.); (N.S.); (C.K.); (U.G.); (I.G.)
| | - Urania Giougli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.Z.); (N.S.); (C.K.); (U.G.); (I.G.)
| | - Konstantinos Pantos
- Centre for Human Reproduction, Genesis Athens Clinic, 14-16, Papanikoli, 15232 Athens, Greece; (K.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Mara Simopoulou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.M.); (P.X.)
| | - Ioannis Georgiou
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.Z.); (N.S.); (C.K.); (U.G.); (I.G.)
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Karlsson T, Winkvist A, Strid A, Lindahl B, Johansson I. Associations of dietary choline and betaine with all-cause mortality: a prospective study in a large Swedish cohort. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:785-796. [PMID: 38175250 PMCID: PMC10948568 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate the association between choline and betaine intake and all-cause mortality in a large Swedish cohort. METHODS Women (52,246) and men (50,485) attending the Västerbotten Intervention Programme 1990-2016 were included. Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for energy intake, age, BMI, smoking, education, and physical activity were used to estimate mortality risk according to betaine, total choline, phosphatidylcholine, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, sphingomyelin, and free choline intakes [continuous (per 50 mg increase) and in quintiles]. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 16 years, 3088 and 4214 deaths were registered in women and men, respectively. Total choline intake was not associated with all-cause mortality in women (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.97, 1.06; P = 0.61) or men (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98, 1.04; P = 0.54). Betaine intake was associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality in women (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.91, 0.98; P < 0.01) but not in men. Intake of free choline was negatively associated with risk of all-cause mortality in women (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96, 1.00; P = 0.01). No other associations were found between intake of the different choline compounds and all-cause mortality. In women aged ≥ 55 years, phosphatidylcholine intake was positively associated with all-cause mortality. In men with higher folate intake, total choline intake was positively associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION Overall, our results do not support that intake of total choline is associated with all-cause mortality. However, some associations were modified by age and with higher folate intake dependent on sex. Higher intake of betaine was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Karlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, P. O. Box 459, S-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anna Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, P. O. Box 459, S-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Strid
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, P. O. Box 459, S-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bernt Lindahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Sheyn D, Momotaz H, Hijaz A, Zeleznik O, Minassian V, Penney KL. Effect of Dietary Choline Consumption on the Development of Urinary Urgency Incontinence in a Longitudinal Cohort of Women. Int Urogynecol J 2024; 35:667-676. [PMID: 38334759 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-024-05740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS The objective of this study was to determine whether differences in the cumulative dietary intake of choline, is associated with the risk of developing urge urinary incontinence (UUI). METHODS This was an analysis within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) I and II. The main exposure was the cumulative daily intake for each choline-containing compound obtained from a detailed daily food frequency questionnaire. The primary outcome was UUI, defined as urine loss with a sudden feeling of bladder fullness or when a toilet is inaccessible, occurring >1/month. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate multivariate-adjusted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between total choline and choline derivatives and risk of UUI. Fixed effects meta-analyses of results from NHSI and NHSII were performed for postmenopausal women only to obtain a pooled estimate of the impact of choline consumption on UUI. RESULTS There were 33,273 participants in NHSI and 38,732 in NHSII who met all the criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The incidence of UUI was 9.41% (n=3,139) in NHSI and 4.25% (n=1,646) in NHSII. After adjusting for confounders choline was not found to be associated with UUI in postmenopausal women. However, in premenopausal women, relative to the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of consumption of total choline (aRR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99), free choline (aRR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.58-0.94), and phosphocholine (aRR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.96) were associated with a reduced risk of UUI. CONCLUSIONS Increased dietary choline consumption was associated with a reduced risk of UUI among premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sheyn
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals System, Cleveland, OH, 44104, USA.
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | | | - Adonis Hijaz
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals System, Cleveland, OH, 44104, USA
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Oana Zeleznik
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vatche Minassian
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Obeid R, Schön C, Derbyshire E, Jiang X, Mellott TJ, Blusztajn JK, Zeisel SH. A Narrative Review on Maternal Choline Intake and Liver Function of the Fetus and the Infant; Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice. Nutrients 2024; 16:260. [PMID: 38257153 PMCID: PMC10820518 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary choline is needed to maintain normal health, including normal liver function in adults. Fatty liver induced by a choline-deficient diet has been consistently observed in human and animal studies. The effect of insufficient choline intake on hepatic fat accumulation is specific and reversible when choline is added to the diet. Choline requirements are higher in women during pregnancy and lactation than in young non-pregnant women. We reviewed the evidence on whether choline derived from the maternal diet is necessary for maintaining normal liver function in the fetus and breastfed infants. Studies have shown that choline from the maternal diet is actively transferred to the placenta, fetal liver, and human milk. This maternal-to-child gradient can cause depletion of maternal choline stores and increase the susceptibility of the mother to fatty liver. Removing choline from the diet of pregnant rats causes fatty liver both in the mother and the fetus. The severity of fatty liver in the offspring was found to correspond to the severity of fatty liver in the respective mothers and to the duration of feeding the choline-deficient diet to the mother. The contribution of maternal choline intake in normal liver function of the offspring can be explained by the role of phosphatidylcholine in lipid transport and as a component of cell membranes and the function of choline as a methyl donor that enables synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in the liver. Additional evidence is needed on the effect of choline intake during pregnancy and lactation on health outcomes in the fetus and infant. Most pregnant and lactating women are currently not achieving the adequate intake level of choline through the diet. Therefore, public health policies are needed to ensure sufficient choline intake through adding choline to maternal multivitamin supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, D-66420 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Schön
- BioTeSys GmbH, Nutritional CRO, Schelztorstrasse 54-56, D-73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | | | - Xinyin Jiang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 4110C Ingersoll Hall, 2900 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Tiffany J. Mellott
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jan Krzysztof Blusztajn
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Steven H. Zeisel
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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Myers AJ, Potts C, Makarewicz JA, McGee E, Dumas JA. Choline kinase alpha genotype is related to hippocampal brain volume and cognition in postmenopausal women. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23963. [PMID: 38226229 PMCID: PMC10788445 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined how single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to choline synthesis and metabolism, processes largely regulated by estrogen, influenced hippocampal volume and neuropsychological function following menopause. We investigated the effect of choline kinase alpha (CHKA) genotype on brain volume and neuropsychological performance in postmenopausal women. The effect alleles of certain CHKA SNPs (rs6591331 T, rs10791957 A) are associated with varied responses to choline deficiency and delegation of choline to physiological pathways. The presence of these alleles was hypothesized to correlate with worse cognitive performance in women after menopause. Results from structural MRI scans revealed larger right hippocampal volumes in subjects with a T/T CHKA rs6591331 genotype compared to A/A subjects. Delayed memory scores from the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were lower in subjects with T/T genotypes compared to those with the A/T genotype and the A/A genotype. Based on these findings, we proposed a CHKA-dependent mechanism present within the brain to compensate for the decreased estrogen and biosynthesized choline associated with menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J. Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Callum Potts
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Jenna A. Makarewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Elizabeth McGee
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Julie A. Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, USA
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10
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Roh T, Regan AK, Johnson NM, Hasan NT, Trisha NF, Aggarwal A, Han D. Association of arsenic exposure with measles antibody titers in US children: Influence of sex and serum folate levels. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108329. [PMID: 38071850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic during childhood is associated with various adverse health conditions. However, little is known about the effect of arsenic exposure on vaccine-related humoral immunity in children. We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2004 and 2009-2010) to study the relationship between urinary arsenic and measles antibody levels in 476 US children aged 6-11. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the association, adjusting for cycle, age, race, body mass index (BMI), serum cotinine, poverty index ratio, and vitamin B12 and selenium intakes. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex and serum folate levels using the median as cutoff (18.7 ng/mL). The measles antibody concentrations in the 3rd and 4th quartiles were found to have significantly decreased by 28.5 % (95 % Confidence Interval (CI) -47.6, -2.28) and 36.8 % (95 % CI -50.2, -19.5), compared to the lowest quartile among boys with serum folate levels lower than 18.7 ng/ml. The serum measles antibody titers significantly decreased by 16.7 % (95 %CI -25.0, -7.61) for each doubling of creatinine-corrected urinary total inorganic arsenic concentrations in the same group. No associations were found in boys with high serum folate levels or in girls. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and develop interventions to protect children from infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyun Roh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Annette K Regan
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Natalie M Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Nishat Tasnim Hasan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Nusrat Fahmida Trisha
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Anisha Aggarwal
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Daikwon Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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11
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Rodriguez-Ramiro I, Pastor-Fernández A, López-Aceituno JL, Garcia-Dominguez E, Sierra-Ramirez A, Valverde AM, Martinez-Pastor B, Efeyan A, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Viña J, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. Pharmacological and genetic increases in liver NADPH levels ameliorate NASH progression in female mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:448-461. [PMID: 38036067 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the fastest growing liver diseases worldwide, and oxidative stress is one of NASH main key drivers. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is the ultimate donor of reductive power to a number of antioxidant defences. Here, we explored the potential of increasing NADPH levels to prevent NASH progression. We used nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation or a G6PD-tg mouse line harbouring an additional copy of the human G6PD gene. In a NASH mouse model induced by feeding mice a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet for three weeks, both tools increased the hepatic levels of NADPH and ameliorated the NASH phenotype induced by the MCD intervention, but only in female mice. Boosting NADPH levels in females increased the liver expression of the antioxidant genes Gsta3, Sod1 and Txnrd1 in NR-treated mice, or of Gsr for G6PD-tg mice. Both strategies significantly reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation. NR-treated female mice showed a reduction of steatosis accompanied by a drop of the hepatic triglyceride levels, that was not observed in G6PD-tg mice. NR-treated mice tended to reduce their lobular inflammation, showed a reduction of the NK cell population and diminished transcription of the damage marker Lcn2. G6PD-tg female mice exhibited a reduction of their lobular inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning induced by the MCD diet, that was related to a reduction of the monocyte-derived macrophage population and the Tnfa, Ccl2 and Lcn2 gene expression. As conclusion, boosting hepatic NADPH levels attenuated the oxidative lipid damage and the exhausted antioxidant gene expression specifically in female mice in two different models of NASH, preventing the progression of the inflammatory process and hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildefonso Rodriguez-Ramiro
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, E28049, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrés Pastor-Fernández
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, E28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Aceituno
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, E28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Dominguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Sierra-Ramirez
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, E28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, E28029, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, ISCIII, Spain
| | - Bárbara Martinez-Pastor
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejo Efeyan
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo J Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET. Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, E28049, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Severi I, Perugini J, Ruocco C, Coppi L, Pedretti S, Di Mercurio E, Senzacqua M, Ragni M, Imperato G, Valerio A, Mitro N, Crestani M, Nisoli E, Giordano A. Activation of a non-neuronal cholinergic system in visceral white adipose tissue of obese mice and humans. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101862. [PMID: 38141849 PMCID: PMC10792749 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Since white adipose tissue (WAT) lacks parasympathetic cholinergic innervation, the source of the acetylcholine (ACh) acting on white adipocyte cholinergic receptors is unknown. This study was designed to identify ACh-producing cells in mouse and human visceral WAT and to determine whether a non-neuronal cholinergic system becomes activated in obese inflamed WAT. METHODS Mouse epididymal WAT (eWAT) and human omental fat were studied in normal and obese subjects. The expression of the key molecules involved in cholinergic signaling was evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blotting whereas their tissue distribution and cellular localization were investigated by immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy and in situ hybridization. ACh levels were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The cellular effects of ACh were assessed in cultured human multipotent adipose-derived stem cell (hMADS) adipocytes. RESULTS In mouse eWAT, diet-induced obesity modulated the expression of key cholinergic molecular components and, especially, raised the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the ACh-synthesizing enzyme, which was chiefly detected in interstitial macrophages, in macrophages forming crown-like structures (CLSs), and in multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). The stromal vascular fraction of obese mouse eWAT contained significantly higher ACh and choline levels than that of control mice. ChAT was undetectable in omental fat from healthy subjects, whereas it was expressed in a number of interstitial macrophages, CLSs, and MGCs from some obese individuals. In hMADS adipocytes stressed with tumor necrosis factor α, ACh, alone or combined with rivastigmine, significantly blunted monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin 6 expression, it partially but significantly, restored adiponectin and GLUT4 expression, and promoted glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS In mouse and human visceral WAT, obesity induces activation of a macrophage-dependent non-neuronal cholinergic system that is capable of exerting anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects on white adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Jessica Perugini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Lara Coppi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Pedretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Mercurio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ragni
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Imperato
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Crestani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy; Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy.
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13
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Li W, Li C, Liu T, Song Y, Chen P, Liu L, Wang B, Qu J. The association of serum choline concentrations with the risk of cancers: a community-based nested case-control study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22144. [PMID: 38092871 PMCID: PMC10719238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have been designed to investigate the effect of serum choline on the risk of incident cancer. This study aims to explore the association between serum choline and the risk of new-onset cancer. We conducted a case-control study, including 199 patients with incident cancer and 199 matched controls during a median of 3.9 years of follow-up, nested within the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. Cubic spline regression (RCS) and conditional logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of serum choline and incident cancer risk. We observed a positive dose-response association between serum choline levels and the risk of overall (p for overall = 0.046) and digestive system cancer (p for overall = 0.039). Compared with patients with the lowest choline levels (Q1 group), patients in the highest levels of choline (Q4) had a 3.69-fold and 6.01-fold increased risk of overall (OR = 3.69, 95% CI 1.17-11.63) and digestive system cancer (OR = 6.01, 95% CI 1.14-31.67). Elevated choline levels (per SD, 11.49 μg/mL) were associated with a higher risk of overall cancer among participants who were older, male, and smokers in the subgroup analyses. We found a positive association between elevated levels of serum choline with increased risk of incident cancer. Our findings have critical clinical implications for cancer prevention and diagnosis.Trial registration CSPPT, NCT00794885. Registered: November 20, 2008. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT00794885 https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT00794885.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Oncology, Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402360, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yun Song
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Lishun Liu
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Binyan Wang
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China.
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14
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Khan MQ, Hassan S, Lizaola-Mayo BC, Bhat M, Watt KD. Navigating the "specific etiology" steatohepatitis category: Evaluation and management of nonalcoholic/nonmetabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00637. [PMID: 37939197 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Qasim Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Hassan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Blanca C Lizaola-Mayo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Mamatha Bhat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kymberly D Watt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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15
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Ashley-Martin J, Fisher M, Belanger P, Cirtiu CM, Arbuckle TE. Biomonitoring of inorganic arsenic species in pregnancy. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:921-932. [PMID: 35948664 PMCID: PMC10733137 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure assessment of inorganic arsenic is challenging due to the existence of multiple species, complexity of arsenic metabolism, and variety of exposure sources. Exposure assessment of arsenic during pregnancy is further complicated by the physiological changes that occur to support fetal growth. Given the well-established toxicity of inorganic arsenic at high concentrations, continued research into the potential health effects of low-level exposure on maternal and fetal health is necessary. Our objectives were to review the value of and challenges inherent in measuring inorganic arsenic species in pregnancy and highlight related research priorities. We discussed how the physiological changes of pregnancy influence arsenic metabolism and necessitate the need for pregnancy-specific data. We reviewed the biomonitoring challenges according to common and novel biological matrices and discussed how each matrix differs according to half-life, bioavailability, availability of laboratory methods, and interpretation within pregnancy. Exposure assessment in both established and novel matrices that accounts for the physiological changes of pregnancy and complexity of speciation is a research priority. Standardization of laboratory method for novel matrices will help address these data gaps. Research is particularly lacking in contemporary populations of pregnant women without naturally elevated arsenic drinking water concentrations (i.e. <10 µg/l).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Ashley-Martin
- Environmental Health, Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Environmental Health, Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Belanger
- INSPQ, Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Direction de la santé environnementale, au travail et de la toxicology, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Ciprian Mihai Cirtiu
- INSPQ, Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Direction de la santé environnementale, au travail et de la toxicology, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Environmental Health, Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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16
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Yang Y, Yang B, Liu B, Liang Y, Luo Q, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Zeng Q, Xiong C. Circulating choline levels are associated with prognoses in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a cohort study. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:313. [PMID: 37689632 PMCID: PMC10493021 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Mounting evidences have highlighted the association between metabolites and cardiovascular diseases. Our previous works have demonstrated that circulating metabolite, trimethylamine oxide, was associated with prognosis of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Choline is a precursor of trimethylamine oxide and its role in PH remains unknown. Here, we aimed to validate the hypothesis that circulating choline levels were associated with prognoses in patients with PH. METHODS Inpatients diagnosed with PH-defined as mean pulmonary arterial pressure ≥ 25 mmHg by right heart catheterisation-from Fuwai Hospital were enrolled after excluding relative comorbidities. Fasting blood samples were obtained to assess choline levels and other clinical variables. The primary endpoints were defined as death, escalation of targeted medication, rehospitalization due to heart failure, PH deterioration. The follow-up duration was defined as the time from the choline examination to the occurrence of outcomes or the end of the study. The associations between circulating choline levels and disease severity and prognoses were explored. RESULTS Totally, 272 inpatients with PH were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into high and low choline groups according to the 50th quartile of circulating choline levels, defined as 12.6 µM. After confounders adjustment, the high circulating choline levels were still associated with poor World Health Organization functional class, elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and decreased cardiac output index indicating the severe disease condition. Moreover, elevated choline levels were associated with poor prognoses in PH patients even after adjusting for confounders (hazard ratio = 1.934; 95% CI, 1.034-3.619; P = 0.039). Subgroup analyses showed that choline levels predicted the prognosis of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension but not chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Choline levels were associated with disease severity and poor prognoses of patients with PH, especially in pulmonary arterial hypertension suggesting its potential biomarker role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Yang
- Center of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Beilan Yang
- Center of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bingyang Liu
- Center of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yanru Liang
- Center of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Center of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Center of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Center of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qixian Zeng
- Center of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Changming Xiong
- Center of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
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17
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Lee CW, Lee TV, Galvan E, Chen VCW, Bui S, Crouse SF, Fluckey JD, Smith SB, Riechman SE. The Effect of Choline and Resistance Training on Strength and Lean Mass in Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:3874. [PMID: 37764658 PMCID: PMC10534351 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline plays many important roles, including the synthesis of acetylcholine, and may affect muscle responses to exercise. We previously observed correlations between low choline intake and reduced gains in strength and lean mass following a 12-week resistance exercise training (RET) program for older adults. To further explore these findings, we conducted a randomized controlled trial. Three groups of 50-to-69-year-old healthy adults underwent a 12-week RET program (3x/week, 3 sets, 8-12 reps, 70% of maximum strength (1RM)) and submitted >48 diet logs (>4x/week for 12 weeks). Participants' diets were supplemented with 0.7 mg/kg lean/d (low, n = 13), 2.8 mg/kg lean/d (med, n = 11), or 7.5 mg/kg lean/d (high, n = 13) of choline from egg yolk and protein powder. The ANCOVA tests showed that low choline intake, compared with med or high choline intakes, resulted in significantly diminished gains in composite strength (leg press + chest press 1RM; low, 19.4 ± 8.2%; med, 46.8 ± 8.9%; high, 47.4 ± 8.1%; p = 0.034) and thigh-muscle quality (leg press 1RM/thigh lean mass; low, 12.3 ± 9.6%; med/high, 46.4 ± 7.0%; p = 0.010) after controlling for lean mass, protein, betaine, and vitamin B12. These data suggest that low choline intake may negatively affect strength gains with RET in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Woock Lee
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nursing and Counseling, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, TX 77901, USA;
| | - Teak V. Lee
- Life Sciences Department, Pierce College, Woodland Hills, CA 91367, USA;
| | - Elfego Galvan
- School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ 85206, USA;
| | - Vincent C. W. Chen
- Department of Integrative Health and Exercise Science, Georgian Court University, Lakewood, NJ 08701, USA;
| | - Steve Bui
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Utah Tech University, St. George, UT 84770, USA;
| | - Stephen F. Crouse
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.F.C.); (J.D.F.)
| | - James D. Fluckey
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.F.C.); (J.D.F.)
| | - Stephen B. Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Steven E. Riechman
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.F.C.); (J.D.F.)
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18
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Moro J, Roisné-Hamelin G, Khodorova N, Rutledge DN, Martin JC, Barbillon P, Tomé D, Gaudichon C, Tardivel C, Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse D, Azzout-Marniche D. Pipecolate and Taurine are Rat Urinary Biomarkers for Lysine and Threonine Deficiencies. J Nutr 2023; 153:2571-2584. [PMID: 37394117 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of poor-quality protein increases the risk of essential amino acid (EAA) deficiency, particularly for lysine and threonine. Thus, it is necessary to be able to detect easily EAA deficiency. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to develop metabolomic approaches to identify specific biomarkers for an EAA deficiency, such as lysine and threonine. METHODS Three experiments were performed on growing rats. In experiment 1, rats were fed for 3 weeks with lysine (L30), or threonine (T53)-deficient gluten diets, or nondeficient gluten diet (LT100) in comparison with the control diet (milk protein, PLT). In experiments 2a and 2b, rats were fed at different concentrations of lysine (L) or threonine (T) deficiency: L/T15, L/T25, L/T40, L/T60, L/T75, P20, L/T100 and L/T170. Twenty-four-hour urine and blood samples from portal vein and vena cava were analyzed using LC-MS. Data from experiment 1 were analyzed by untargeted metabolomic and Independent Component - Discriminant Analysis (ICDA) and data from experiments 2a and 2b by targeted metabolomic and a quantitative Partial Least- Squares (PLS) regression model. Each metabolite identified as significant by PLS or ICDA was then tested by 1-way ANOVA to evaluate the diet effect. A two-phase linear regression analysis was used to determine lysine and threonine requirements. RESULTS ICDA and PLS found molecules that discriminated between the different diets. A common metabolite, the pipecolate, was identified in experiments 1 and 2a, confirming that it could be specific to lysine deficiency. Another metabolite, taurine, was found in experiments 1 and 2b, so probably specific to threonine deficiency. Pipecolate or taurine breakpoints obtained give a value closed to the values obtained by growth indicators. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the EAA deficiencies influenced the metabolome. Specific urinary biomarkers identified could be easily applied to detect EAA deficiency and to determine which AA is deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moro
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Institut National de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, Palaiseau, France
| | - Gaëtan Roisné-Hamelin
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Institut National de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nadezda Khodorova
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Institut National de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, Palaiseau, France
| | - Douglas N Rutledge
- AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UMR SayFood, Massy, France
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Institut National de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Centre de recherche en cardiovasculaire et Nutrition, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Barbillon
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Institut National de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UMR Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Institut National de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, Palaiseau, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Institut National de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, Palaiseau, France
| | - Catherine Tardivel
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Institut National de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Centre de recherche en cardiovasculaire et Nutrition, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Institut National de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, Palaiseau, France
| | - Dalila Azzout-Marniche
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Institut National de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, Palaiseau, France.
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19
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Chen Y, Xiang L, Luo L, Qin H, Tong S. Correlation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Dietary Folate and Serum Folate in U.S. Adults: Cross-Sectional Analyses from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2018. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:389-396. [PMID: 37733056 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem, and dietary intervention is still considered one of the primary interventions. This study aimed to examine cross-sectional associations between dietary and serum levels of folate and NAFLD. Methods: We conducted a study of 7543 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2018. NAFLD status was determined by a fatty liver index (FLI) value ≥60. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between folate and NAFLD. Results: Almost half (45%) of the patients were classified as having NAFLD based on the FLI. In the fully adjusted model, participants in the highest quartile of dietary total folate and food folate were found to have a lower prevalence of NAFLD than those in the lowest quartile [odds ratio (OR)quartile 4 versus 1 = 0.582; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.350-0.968; and ORquartile 4 versus 1 = 0.737; 95% CI = 0.611-0.888, respectively], and the fourth quartile values of serum total folate and 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate were significantly negatively associated with NAFLD prevalence (ORquartile 4 versus 1 = 0.664; 95% CI = 0.495-0.891; and ORquartile 4 versus 1 = 0.712; 95% CI = 0.532-0.954, respectively). Subgroup analyses revealed that this beneficial association was more significant in women (ORquartile 4 versus 1 = 0.526; 95% CI = 0.329-0.843; pinteraction < 0.001) than in men (ORquartile 4 versus 1 = 0.805; 95% CI = 0.546-1.186). Conclusions: Higher dietary folate intake and serum folate levels are associated with a lower NAFLD prevalence among U.S. adults and the trend is more pronounced among women, indicating opportunities for dietary NAFLD interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haixia Qin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwen Tong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Tate BN, Van Guilder GP, Aly M, Spence LA, Diaz-Rubio ME, Le HH, Johnson EL, McFadden JW, Perry CA. Changes in Choline Metabolites and Ceramides in Response to a DASH-Style Diet in Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:3687. [PMID: 37686719 PMCID: PMC10489641 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This feeding trial evaluated the impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet on changes in plasma choline, choline metabolites, and ceramides in obese older adults; 28 adults consumed 3oz (n = 15) or 6oz (n = 13) of beef within a standardized DASH diet for 12 weeks. Plasma choline, betaine, methionine, dimethylglycine (DMG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphotidylcholine (LPC), sphingomyelin, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), L-carnitine, ceramide, and triglycerides were measured in fasted blood samples. Plasma LPC, sphingomyelin, and ceramide species were also quantified. In response to the study diet, with beef intake groups combined, plasma choline decreased by 9.6% (p = 0.012); DMG decreased by 10% (p = 0.042); PC decreased by 51% (p < 0.001); total LPC increased by 281% (p < 0.001); TMAO increased by 26.5% (p < 0.001); total ceramide decreased by 22.1% (p < 0.001); and triglycerides decreased by 18% (p = 0.021). All 20 LPC species measured increased (p < 0.01) with LPC 16:0 having the greatest response. Sphingomyelin 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 increased (all p < 0.001) by 10.4%, 22.5%, and 24%, respectively. In contrast, we observed that sphingomyelin 24:0 significantly decreased by 10%. Ceramide 22:0 and 24:0 decreased by 27.6% and 10.9% (p < 0.001), respectively, and ceramide 24:1 increased by 36.8% (p = 0.013). Changes in choline and choline metabolites were in association with anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes. These findings show the impact of the DASH diet on choline metabolism in older adults and demonstrate the influence of diet to modify circulating LPC, sphingomyelin, and ceramide species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna N. Tate
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (B.N.T.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Gary P. Van Guilder
- High Altitude Exercise Physiology Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA;
| | - Marwa Aly
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (M.A.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Lisa A. Spence
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (M.A.); (L.A.S.)
| | - M. Elena Diaz-Rubio
- Proteomic and Metabolomics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Henry H. Le
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (H.H.L.); (E.L.J.)
| | - Elizabeth L. Johnson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (H.H.L.); (E.L.J.)
| | - Joseph W. McFadden
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (B.N.T.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Cydne A. Perry
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (M.A.); (L.A.S.)
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21
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Begdache L, Marhaba R. Bioactive Compounds for Customized Brain Health: What Are We and Where Should We Be Heading? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6518. [PMID: 37569058 PMCID: PMC10418716 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Many strides have been made in the field of nutrition that are making it an attractive field not only to nutrition professionals but also to healthcare practitioners. Thanks to the emergence of molecular nutrition, there is a better appreciation of how the diet modulates health at the cellular and molecular levels. More importantly, the advancements in brain imaging have produced a greater appreciation of the impact of diet on brain health. To date, our understanding of the effect of nutrients on brain health goes beyond the action of vitamins and minerals and dives into the intracellular, molecular, and epigenetic effects of nutrients. Bioactive compounds (BCs) in food are gaining a lot of attention due to their ability to modulate gene expression. In addition, bioactive compounds activate some nuclear receptors that are the target of many pharmaceuticals. With the emergence of personalized medicine, gaining an understanding of the biologically active compounds may help with the customization of therapies. This review explores the prominent BCs that can impact cognitive functions and mental health to deliver a potentially prophylactic framework for practitioners. Another purpose is to identify potential gaps in the literature to suggest new research agendas for scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Begdache
- Health and Wellness Studies Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Rani Marhaba
- Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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22
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Chungchunlam SMS, Moughan PJ. Comparative bioavailability of vitamins in human foods sourced from animals and plants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-36. [PMID: 37522617 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2241541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamins are essential components of enzyme systems involved in normal growth and function. The quantitative estimation of the proportion of dietary vitamins, that is in a form available for utilization by the human body, is limited and fragmentary. This review provides the current state of knowledge on the bioavailability of thirteen vitamins and choline, to evaluate whether there are differences in vitamin bioavailability when human foods are sourced from animals or plants. The bioavailability of naturally occurring choline, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K in food awaits further studies. Animal-sourced foods are the almost exclusive natural sources of dietary vitamin B-12 (65% bioavailable) and preformed vitamin A retinol (74% bioavailable), and contain highly bioavailable biotin (89%), folate (67%), niacin (67%), pantothenic acid (80%), riboflavin (61%), thiamin (82%), and vitamin B-6 (83%). Plant-based foods are the main natural sources of vitamin C (76% bioavailable), provitamin A carotenoid β-carotene (15.6% bioavailable), riboflavin (65% bioavailable), thiamin (81% bioavailable), and vitamin K (16.5% bioavailable). The overview of studies showed that in general, vitamins in foods originating from animals are more bioavailable than vitamins in foods sourced from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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23
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Schoen MS, Boland KM, Christ SE, Cui X, Ramakrishnan U, Ziegler TR, Alvarez JA, Singh RH. Total choline intake and working memory performance in adults with phenylketonuria. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:222. [PMID: 37516884 PMCID: PMC10386684 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite early diagnosis and compliance with phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diets, many individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) still exhibit neurological changes and experience deficits in working memory and other executive functions. Suboptimal choline intake may contribute to these impairments, but this relationship has not been previously investigated in PKU. The objective of this study was to determine if choline intake is correlated with working memory performance, and if this relationship is modified by diagnosis and metabolic control. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that included 40 adults with PKU and 40 demographically matched healthy adults. Web-based neurocognitive tests were used to assess working memory performance and 3-day dietary records were collected to evaluate nutrient intake. Recent and historical blood Phe concentrations were collected as measures of metabolic control. RESULTS Working memory performance was 0.32 z-scores (95% CI 0.06, 0.58) lower, on average, in participants with PKU compared to participants without PKU, and this difference was not modified by total choline intake (F[1,75] = 0.85, p = 0.36). However, in a subgroup with complete historical blood Phe data, increased total choline intake was related to improved working memory outcomes among participants with well controlled PKU (Phe = 360 µmol/L) after adjusting for intellectual ability and mid-childhood Phe concentrations (average change in working memory per 100 mg change in choline = 0.11; 95% CI 0.02, 0.20; p = 0.02). There also was a trend, albeit nonsignificant (p = 0.10), for this association to be attenuated with increased Phe concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Clinical monitoring of choline intake is essential for all individuals with PKU but may have important implications for working memory functioning among patients with good metabolic control. Results from this study should be confirmed in a larger controlled trial in people living with PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriah S Schoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 7130, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Kelly M Boland
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shawn E Christ
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rani H Singh
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 7130, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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24
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Wu CH, Chang TY, Chen YC, Huang RFS. PEMT rs7946 Polymorphism and Sex Modify the Effect of Adequate Dietary Choline Intake on the Risk of Hepatic Steatosis in Older Patients with Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:3211. [PMID: 37513629 PMCID: PMC10383596 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, PEMT rs7946 polymorphism exerts sex-specific effects on choline requirement and hepatic steatosis (HS) risk. Few studies have explored the interaction effect of the PEMT rs7946 polymorphism and sex on the effect of adequate choline intake on HS risk. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between PEMT polymorphism and adequate choline intake on HS risk. We enrolled 250 older patients with metabolic disorders with (n = 152) or without (n = 98; control) ultrasonically diagnosed HS. An elevated PEMT rs7946 A allele level was associated with a lower HS risk and body mass index in both men and women. Dietary choline intake-assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire-was associated with reduced obesity in men only (p for trend < 0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed that the cutoff value of energy-adjusted choline intake for HS diagnosis was 448 mg/day in women (AUC: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.57-0.77) and 424 mg/day in men (AUC: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.57-0.76). In women, GG genotype and high choline intake (>448 mg/day) were associated with a 79% reduction in HS risk (adjusted OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05-0.82); notably, GA or AA genotype was associated with a reduced HS risk regardless of choline intake (p < 0.05). In men, GG genotype and high choline intake (>424 mg/day) were associated with a 3.7-fold increase in HS risk (OR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.19-11.9). Further adjustments for a high-density lipoprotein level and body mass index mitigated the effect of choline intake on HS risk. Current dietary choline intake may be inadequate for minimizing HS risk in postmenopausal Taiwanese women carrying the PEMT rs7946 GG genotype. Older men consuming more than the recommended amount of choline may have an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; this risk is mediated by a high-density lipoprotein level and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsien Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City 242033, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chu Chen
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Rwei-Fen S Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
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25
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pentieva K, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Bresson J, Fiolet T, Siani A. Choline and contribution to normal liver function of the foetus and exclusively breastfed infants: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08115. [PMID: 37502017 PMCID: PMC10369243 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Following an application from Procter & Gamble BV pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Belgium, the Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to choline and contribution to normal liver function of the foetus and exclusively breastfed infant. The scope of the application was proposed to fall under a health claim referring to children's development and health. The Panel considers that choline is sufficiently characterised. The claimed effect proposed by the applicant is contribution 'to normal foetal and infant development, especially liver'. The proposed target population is 'unborn fetuses and breastfed infants'. Choline is involved in the structure of cell membranes, cell signalling, metabolism and transport of lipids and cholesterol and neurotransmitter synthesis. Although choline can be synthesised de novo by the human body, depletion-repletion studies in humans show that low choline intake leads to liver dysfunction and muscle damage, which are reverted by the administration of dietary choline. For these functions, de novo synthesis of choline by the human body is insufficient and choline must be obtained from dietary sources. No human studies have addressed the effect of low maternal dietary choline intake on liver function in the fetus or exclusively breastfed infants. However, the Panel considers that the biological role of choline in normal liver function and dietary choline being essential for the function applies to all ages, including fetus and infants. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the intake of choline by pregnant and lactating women and contribution to normal liver function of the fetus and exclusively breastfed infants.
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26
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DiStefano JK. The Role of Choline, Soy Isoflavones, and Probiotics as Adjuvant Treatments in the Prevention and Management of NAFLD in Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:2670. [PMID: 37375574 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition among postmenopausal women that can lead to severe liver dysfunction and increased mortality. In recent years, research has focused on identifying potential lifestyle dietary interventions that may prevent or treat NAFLD in this population. Due to the complex and multifactorial nature of NAFLD in postmenopausal women, the disease can present as different subtypes, with varying levels of clinical presentation and variable treatment responses. By recognizing the significant heterogeneity of NAFLD in postmenopausal women, it may be possible to identify specific subsets of individuals who may benefit from targeted nutritional interventions. The purpose of this review was to examine the current evidence supporting the role of three specific nutritional factors-choline, soy isoflavones, and probiotics-as potential nutritional adjuvants in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in postmenopausal women. There is promising evidence supporting the potential benefits of these nutritional factors for NAFLD prevention and treatment, particularly in postmenopausal women, and further research is warranted to confirm their effectiveness in alleviating hepatic steatosis in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K DiStefano
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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27
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Yamashima T, Mori Y, Seike T, Ahmed S, Boontem P, Li S, Oikawa S, Kobayashi H, Yamashita T, Kikuchi M, Kaneko S, Mizukoshi E. Vegetable Oil-Peroxidation Product 'Hydroxynonenal' Causes Hepatocyte Injury and Steatosis via Hsp70.1 and BHMT Disorders in the Monkey Liver. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081904. [PMID: 37111122 PMCID: PMC10145254 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp70.1 has a dual function as a chaperone protein and lysosomal stabilizer. In 2009, we reported that calpain-mediated cleavage of carbonylated Hsp70.1 causes neuronal death by inducing lysosomal rupture in the hippocampal CA1 neurons of monkeys after transient brain ischemia. Recently, we also reported that consecutive injections of the vegetable oil-peroxidation product 'hydroxynonenal' induce hepatocyte death via a similar cascade in monkeys. As Hsp70.1 is also related to fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver, its deficiency causes fat accumulation. The genetic deletion of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT) was reported to perturb choline metabolism, inducing a decrease in phosphatidylcholine and resulting in hepatic steatosis. Here, focusing on Hsp70.1 and BHMT disorders, we studied the mechanisms of hepatocyte degeneration and steatosis. Monkey liver tissues with and without hydroxynonenal injections were compared using proteomics, immunoblotting, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopy-based analyses. Western blotting showed that neither Hsp70.1 nor BHMT were upregulated, but an increased cleavage was observed in both. Proteomics showed a marked downregulation of Hsp70.1, albeit a two-fold increase in the carbonylated BHMT. Hsp70.1 carbonylation was negligible, in contrast to the ischemic hippocampus, which was associated with ~10-fold increments. Although histologically, the control liver showed very little lipid deposition, numerous tiny lipid droplets were seen within and around the degenerating/dying hepatocytes in monkeys after the hydroxynonenal injections. Electron microscopy showed permeabilization/rupture of lysosomal membranes, dissolution of the mitochondria and rough ER membranes, and proliferation of abnormal peroxisomes. It is probable that the disruption of the rough ER caused impaired synthesis of the Hsp70.1 and BHMT proteins, while impairment of the mitochondria and peroxisomes contributed to the sustained generation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, hydroxynonenal-induced disorders facilitated degeneration and steatosis in the hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yurie Mori
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takuya Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Piyakarn Boontem
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shihui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hatasu Kobayashi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
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Vasconcellos C, Ferreira O, Lopes MF, Ribeiro AF, Vasques J, Guerreiro CS. Nutritional Genomics in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020319. [PMID: 36830856 PMCID: PMC9953045 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic condition associated with genetic and environmental factors in which fat abnormally accumulates in the liver. NAFLD is epidemiologically associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Environmental factors, such as physical inactivity and an unbalanced diet, interact with genetic factors, such as epigenetic mechanisms and polymorphisms for the genesis and development of the condition. Different genetic polymorphisms seem to be involved in this context, including variants in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, PEMT, and CHDH genes, playing a role in the disease's susceptibility, development, and severity. From carbohydrate intake and weight loss to omega-3 supplementation and caloric restriction, different dietary and nutritional factors appear to be involved in controlling the onset and progression of NAFLD conditions influencing metabolism, gene, and protein expression. The polygenic risk score represents a sum of trait-associated alleles carried by an individual and seems to be associated with NAFLD outcomes depending on the dietary context. Understanding the exact extent to which lifestyle interventions and genetic predispositions can play a role in the prevention and management of NAFLD can be crucial for the establishment of a personalized and integrative approach to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Vasconcellos
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Oureana Ferreira
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Filipa Lopes
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André Filipe Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Vasques
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Sousa Guerreiro
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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29
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Dave N, Judd JM, Decker A, Winslow W, Sarette P, Villarreal Espinosa O, Tallino S, Bartholomew SK, Bilal A, Sandler J, McDonough I, Winstone JK, Blackwood EA, Glembotski C, Karr T, Velazquez R. Dietary choline intake is necessary to prevent systems-wide organ pathology and reduce Alzheimer's disease hallmarks. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13775. [PMID: 36642814 PMCID: PMC9924938 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify modifiable environmental risk factors that reduce the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The B-like vitamin choline plays key roles in body- and brain-related functions. Choline produced endogenously by the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase protein in the liver is not sufficient for adequate physiological functions, necessitating daily dietary intake. ~90% of Americans do not reach the recommended daily intake of dietary choline. Thus, it's imperative to determine whether dietary choline deficiency increases disease outcomes. Here, we placed 3xTg-AD, a model of AD, and non-transgenic (NonTg) control mice on either a standard laboratory diet with sufficient choline (ChN; 2.0 g/kg choline bitartrate) or a choline-deficient diet (Ch-; 0.0 g/kg choline bitartrate) from 3 to 12 (early to late adulthood) months of age. A Ch- diet reduced blood plasma choline levels, increased weight, and impaired both motor function and glucose metabolism in NonTg mice, with 3xTg-AD mice showing greater deficits. Tissue analyses showed cardiac and liver pathology, elevated soluble and insoluble Amyloid-β and Thioflavin S structures, and tau hyperphosphorylation at various pathological epitopes in the hippocampus and cortex of 3xTg-AD Ch- mice. To gain mechanistic insight, we performed unbiased proteomics of hippocampal and blood plasma samples. Dietary choline deficiency altered hippocampal networks associated with microtubule function and postsynaptic membrane regulation. In plasma, dietary choline deficiency altered protein networks associated with insulin metabolism, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and fructose metabolic processing. Our data highlight that dietary choline intake is necessary to prevent systems-wide organ pathology and reduce hallmark AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Dave
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Jessica M. Judd
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA,Arizona Alzheimer's ConsortiumPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Annika Decker
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Wendy Winslow
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Patrick Sarette
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Oscar Villarreal Espinosa
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Savannah Tallino
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA,Arizona Alzheimer's ConsortiumPhoenixArizonaUSA,School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Samantha K. Bartholomew
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA,Arizona Alzheimer's ConsortiumPhoenixArizonaUSA,School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Alina Bilal
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Jessica Sandler
- Biosciences Mass Spectrometry Facility, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Ian McDonough
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Joanna K. Winstone
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA,Arizona Alzheimer's ConsortiumPhoenixArizonaUSA,School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Erik A. Blackwood
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Christopher Glembotski
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Timothy Karr
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA,Biosciences Mass Spectrometry Facility, Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Ramon Velazquez
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA,Arizona Alzheimer's ConsortiumPhoenixArizonaUSA,School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
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30
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Jansakun C, Chunglok W, Altamura S, Muckenthaler M, Staffer S, Tuma-Kellner S, Merle U, Chamulitrat W. Myeloid- and hepatocyte-specific deletion of group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 leads to dichotomous opposing phenotypes during MCD diet-induced NASH. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166590. [PMID: 36334837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of phospholipase A2VIA (iPLA2β or PLA2G6) are associated with body weights and blood C-reactive protein. The role of iPLA2β/PLA2G6 in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is still elusive because female iPla2β-null mice showed attenuated hepatic steatosis but exacerbated hepatic fibrosis after feeding with methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD). Herein, female mice with myeloid- (MPla2g6-/-) and hepatocyte- (LPla2g6-/-) specific PLA2G6 deletion were generated and phenotyped after MCDD feeding. Without any effects on hepatic steatosis, MCDD-fed MPla2g6-/- mice showed further exaggeration of liver inflammation and fibrosis as well as elevation of plasma TNFα, CCL2, and circulating monocytes. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from MPla2g6-/- mice displayed upregulation of PPARγ and CEBPα proteins, and elevated release of IL6 and CXCL1 under LPS stimulation. LPS-stimulated BMDMs from MCDD-fed MPla2g6-/- mice showed suppressed expression of M1 Tnfa and Il6, but marked upregulation of M2 Arg1, Chil3, IL10, and IL13 as well as chemokine receptors Ccr2 and Ccr5. This in vitro shift was associated with exaggeration of hepatic M1/M2 cytokines, chemokines/chemokine receptors, and fibrosis genes. Contrarily, MCDD-fed LPla2g6-/- mice showed a complete protection which was associated with upregulation of Ppara/PPARα and attenuated expression of Pparg/PPARγ, fatty-acid uptake, triglyceride synthesis, and de novo lipogenesis genes. Interestingly, LPla2g6-/- mice fed with chow or MCDD displayed an attenuation of blood monocytes and elevation of anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4 in plasma and liver. Thus, PLA2G6 inactivation specifically in myeloid cells and hepatocytes led to opposing phenotypes in female mice undergoing NASH. Hepatocyte-specific PLA2G6 inhibitors may be further developed for treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Jansakun
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Chunglok
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Staffer
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Abeyrathne EDNS, Nam KC, Huang X, Ahn DU. Egg yolk lipids: separation, characterization, and utilization. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1243-1256. [PMID: 35992319 PMCID: PMC9385935 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg yolk contains very high levels of lipids, which comprise 33% of whole egg yolk. Although triglyceride is the main lipid, egg yolk is the richest source of phospholipids and cholesterol in nature. The egg yolk phospholipids have a unique composition with high levels of phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, plasmalogen, and phosphatidylinositol. All the egg yolk lipids are embedded inside the HDL and LDL micelles or granular particles. Egg yolk lipids can be easily extracted using solvents or supercritical extraction methods but their commercial applications of egg yolk lipids are limited. Egg yolk lipids have excellent potential as a food ingredient or cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical agents because they have excellent functional and biological characteristics. This review summarizes the current knowledge on egg yolk lipids' extraction methods and functions and discusses their current and future use, which will be important to increase the use and value of the egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edirisingha Dewage Nalaka Sandun Abeyrathne
- Department of Animal Science, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, 90000 Sri Lanka
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Suncheon National University, Suncheon, 57922 Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Nam
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Suncheon National University, Suncheon, 57922 Korea
| | - Xi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Uk Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
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32
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Piras IS, Raju A, Don J, Schork NJ, Gerhard GS, DiStefano JK. Hepatic PEMT Expression Decreases with Increasing NAFLD Severity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169296. [PMID: 36012560 PMCID: PMC9409182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline deficiency causes hepatic fat accumulation, and is associated with a higher risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and more advanced NAFLD-related hepatic fibrosis. Reduced expression of hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), which catalyzes the production of phosphatidylcholine, causes steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice. In humans, common PEMT variants impair phosphatidylcholine synthesis, and are associated with NAFLD risk. We investigated hepatic PEMT expression in a large cohort of patients representing the spectrum of NAFLD, and examined the relationship between PEMT genetic variants and gene expression. Hepatic PEMT expression was reduced in NAFLD patients with inflammation and fibrosis (i.e., nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH) compared to participants with normal liver histology (β = −1.497; p = 0.005). PEMT levels also declined with increasing severity of fibrosis with cirrhosis < incomplete cirrhosis < bridging fibrosis (β = −1.185; p = 0.011). Hepatic PEMT expression was reduced in postmenopausal women with NASH compared to those with normal liver histology (β = −3.698; p = 0.030). We detected a suggestive association between rs7946 and hepatic fibrosis (p = 0.083). Although none of the tested variants were associated with hepatic PEMT expression, computational fine mapping analysis indicated that rs4646385 may impact PEMT levels in the liver. Hepatic PEMT expression decreases with increasing severity of NAFLD in obese individuals and postmenopausal women, and may contribute to disease pathogenesis in a subset of NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio S. Piras
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Anish Raju
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Janith Don
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | | | - Glenn S. Gerhard
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Johanna K. DiStefano
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Correspondence:
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33
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Berger MM, Shenkin A, Schweinlin A, Amrein K, Augsburger M, Biesalski HK, Bischoff SC, Casaer MP, Gundogan K, Lepp HL, de Man AME, Muscogiuri G, Pietka M, Pironi L, Rezzi S, Cuerda C. ESPEN micronutrient guideline. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1357-1424. [PMID: 35365361 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trace elements and vitamins, named together micronutrients (MNs), are essential for human metabolism. Recent research has shown the importance of MNs in common pathologies, with significant deficiencies impacting the outcome. OBJECTIVE This guideline aims to provide information for daily clinical nutrition practice regarding assessment of MN status, monitoring, and prescription. It proposes a consensus terminology, since many words are used imprecisely, resulting in confusion. This is particularly true for the words "deficiency", "repletion", "complement", and "supplement". METHODS The expert group attempted to apply the 2015 standard operating procedures (SOP) for ESPEN which focuses on disease. However, this approach could not be applied due to the multiple diseases requiring clinical nutrition resulting in one text for each MN, rather than for diseases. An extensive search of the literature was conducted in the databases Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and CINAHL. The search focused on physiological data, historical evidence (published before PubMed release in 1996), and observational and/or randomized trials. For each MN, the main functions, optimal analytical methods, impact of inflammation, potential toxicity, and provision during enteral or parenteral nutrition were addressed. The SOP wording was applied for strength of recommendations. RESULTS There was a limited number of interventional trials, preventing meta-analysis and leading to a low level of evidence. The recommendations underwent a consensus process, which resulted in a percentage of agreement (%): strong consensus required of >90% of votes. Altogether the guideline proposes sets of recommendations for 26 MNs, resulting in 170 single recommendations. Critical MNs were identified with deficiencies being present in numerous acute and chronic diseases. Monitoring and management strategies are proposed. CONCLUSION This guideline should enable addressing suboptimal and deficient status of a bundle of MNs in at-risk diseases. In particular, it offers practical advice on MN provision and monitoring during nutritional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette M Berger
- Department of Adult Intensive Care, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alan Shenkin
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Anna Schweinlin
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Karin Amrein
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Austria.
| | - Marc Augsburger
- University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Michael P Casaer
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kursat Gundogan
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | | | - Angélique M E de Man
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Research VUmc Intensive Care (REVIVE), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science (ACS), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam Medical Data Science (AMDS), Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università di Napoli (Federico II), Naples, Italy; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II, University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Magdalena Pietka
- Pharmacy Department, Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, Skawina, Poland.
| | - Loris Pironi
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Centre for Chronic Intestinal Failure - Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Italy.
| | - Serge Rezzi
- Swiss Nutrition and Health Foundation (SNHf), Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Cristina Cuerda
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Nutrition Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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34
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Egg Allergy in Children and Weaning Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081540. [PMID: 35458102 PMCID: PMC9025129 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggs are a fundamental food in the human diet, and together with cow’s milk, they are the most common food allergen. This work highlights the main nutritional characteristics of eggs to show how their absence from a child’s diet can constitute a serious deficiency. We then analyze the risk factors that facilitate the onset of egg allergy. The third part of the paper reports possible interventions to lower the appearance of food allergy that have been occurred in trials. The last part of the paper is a synthesis of this research study that has been taken from several of the latest guidelines or from position papers.
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35
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Jiang R, Zhang Q, Ji D, Jiang T, Hu Y, He S, Tao L, Shen J, Zhang W, Song Y, Ma Y, Tong S, Tao F, Yao Y, Liang C. Influence of combined exposure levels of total arsenic and inorganic arsenic on arsenic methylation capacity among university students: findings from Bayesian kernel machine regression analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:28714-28724. [PMID: 34988804 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The arsenic (As) methylation capacity is an important determinant of susceptibility to As-related diseases. Total As (TAs) or inorganic As (iAs) was reported to associated with As methylation capacity. We measured urinary concentrations of iAs, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) by using HPLC-HG-AFS and calculated the primary methylation capacity index (PMI) and secondary methylation capacity index (SMI) in 209 university students in Hefei, China, a non-As endemic area. Volunteers were given a standardized questionnaire asking about their sociodemographic characteristics. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) analysis was used to estimate the association of lnTAs and lniAs levels with methylation indices (ln%MMA, ln%DMA, lnPMI, lnSMI). The median concentrations of iAs, MMA, and DMA were 1.22, 0.92, and 12.17 μg/L, respectively; the proportions of iAs, MMA, and DMA were 8.76%, 6.13%, and 84.84%, respectively. Females had higher %DMA and lower %MMA than males. The combined levels of lnTAs and lniAs showed a decrease in the changes in ln%DMA and lnSMI. With regard to the single exposure level, the lnTAs showed positive correlations with ln%DMA, lnPMI, and lnSMI when lniAs was set at a specific level, while lniAs showed negative correlations with ln%DMA, lnPMI, and lnSMI when lnTAs was set at a specific level; all the dose-response relationships were nonlinear. Our results suggested that combined levels of TAs and iAs play an important role in reducing As methylation capacity, especially iAs, and the reduction only occurs when TAs and iAs are present up to a certain combined level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Ji
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shitao He
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Long Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Shen
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yicheng Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Yuyou Yao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Chunmei Liang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can develop in lean individuals. Despite a better metabolic profile, the risk of disease progression to hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and decompensated cirrhosis in the lean is similar to that in obesity-related NAFLD and lean individuals may experience more severe hepatic consequences and higher mortality relative to those with a higher body mass index (BMI). In the absence of early symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings, lean individuals are not likely to be screened for NAFLD or related comorbidities; however, given the progressive nature of the disease and the increased risk of morbidity and mortality, a clearer understanding of the natural history of NAFLD in lean individuals, as well as efforts to raise awareness of the potential health risks of NAFLD in lean individuals, are warranted. In this review, we summarize available data on NAFLD prevalence, clinical characteristics, outcomes, and mortality in lean individuals and discuss factors that may contribute to the development of NAFLD in this population, including links between dietary and genetic factors, menopausal status, and ethnicity. We also highlight the need for greater representation of lean individuals in NAFLD-related clinical trials, as well as more studies to better characterize lean NAFLD, develop improved screening algorithms, and determine specific treatment strategies based on underlying etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K. DiStefano
- Diabetes and Fibrotic Disease Research Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, USA
| | - Glenn S. Gerhard
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
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Lower plasma glutathione, choline, and betaine concentrations are associated with fatty liver in postmenopausal women. Nutr Res 2022; 101:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lee C, Kim J, Han J, Oh D, Kim M, Jeong H, Kim TJ, Kim SW, Kim JN, Seo YS, Suzuki A, Kim JH, Jung Y. Formyl peptide receptor 2 determines sex-specific differences in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:578. [PMID: 35102146 PMCID: PMC8803937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important health concern worldwide and progresses into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although prevalence and severity of NAFLD/NASH are higher in men than premenopausal women, it remains unclear how sex affects NAFLD/NASH pathophysiology. Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) modulates inflammatory responses in several organs; however, its role in the liver is unknown. Here we show that FPR2 mediates sex-specific responses to diet-induced NAFLD/NASH. NASH-like liver injury was induced in both sexes during choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) feeding, but compared with females, male mice had more severe hepatic damage. Fpr2 was more highly expressed in hepatocytes and healthy livers from females than males, and FPR2 deletion exacerbated liver damage in CDAHFD-fed female mice. Estradiol induced Fpr2 expression, which protected hepatocytes and the liver from damage. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that FPR2 mediates sex-specific responses to diet-induced NAFLD/NASH, suggesting a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanbin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsol Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Oh
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeong Jeong
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Nam Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Chang TY, Wu CH, Chang CY, Lee FJ, Wang BW, Doong JY, Lin YS, Kuo CS, Huang RFS. Optimal Dietary Intake Composition of Choline and Betaine Is Associated with Minimized Visceral Obesity-Related Hepatic Steatosis in a Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:261. [PMID: 35057441 PMCID: PMC8779168 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies on humans have comprehensively evaluated the intake composition of methyl-donor nutrients (MDNs: choline, betaine, and folate) in relation to visceral obesity (VOB)-related hepatic steatosis (HS), the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. In this case-control study, we recruited 105 patients with HS and 104 without HS (controls). HS was diagnosed through ultrasound examination. VOB was measured using a whole-body analyzer. MDN intake was assessed using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire. After adjustment for multiple HS risk factors, total choline intake was the most significant dietary determinant of HS in patients with VOB (Beta: -0.41, p = 0.01). Low intake of choline (<6.9 mg/kg body weight), betaine (<3.1 mg/kg body weight), and folate (<8.8 μg/kg body weight) predicted increased odds ratios (ORs) of VOB-related HS (choline: OR: 22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.5-80; betaine: OR: 14, 95% CI: 4.4-50; and folate: OR: 19, 95% CI: 5.2-74). Combined high intake of choline and betaine, but not folate, was associated with an 81% reduction in VOB-related HS (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.69). Our data suggest that the optimal intake of choline and betaine can minimize the risk of VOB-related HS in a threshold-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.D.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Chien-Hsien Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yang Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243089, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (F.-J.L.)
| | - Fu-Jen Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243089, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (F.-J.L.)
| | - Bei-Wen Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243089, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Yau Doong
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.D.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Yu-Shun Lin
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.D.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Chang-Sheng Kuo
- Department of Nutrition, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243089, Taiwan;
| | - Rwei-Fen S. Huang
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.D.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Ph.D. Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
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40
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Shim E, Park E. Choline intake and its dietary reference values in Korea and other countries: a review. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:S126-S133. [PMID: 35651834 PMCID: PMC9127521 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.s1.s126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Shim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Soongeui Women’s College, Seoul 04628, Korea
| | - Eunju Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon 51767, Korea
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Saadatpour F, Mohammadipanah F. Enhancement of bactericidal effect of Chlorhexidine using choline augmentation as a natural additive. Am J Infect Control 2022; 50:39-48. [PMID: 34058268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term use of Chlorhexidine (CHG) at high concentrations has detrimental effects on health and the environment. This research was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial capacity of CHG in the presence of choline as a natural additive to reduce the amount CHG required for the activity. METHODS The newly obtained formulation was evaluated for its stability and efficiency under physicochemical stresses. The checkerboard test was also performed to evaluate the type of CHG-additive interaction in a combinational state. RESULTS The MIC of CHG was reduced up to five-fold in combination with choline at the concentration of 50mg/L and five log cfu/mL at 3 minutes of exposure. Chlorhexidine activity in combination with choline was preserved 20% more in the presence of interfering substances. The activity between CHG and choline was demonstrated as synergistic with FICI of 0.375. At sub MIC concentrations of both CHG (≤20 mg/L) and choline (≤6 mg/L) the observed interaction was synergy. While the significant interaction at high concentrations for both compounds was indifferent manner. The lysis effect of the CHG 20 mg/L was diminished in the presence of choline. CONCLUSIONS Our suggested CHG formulation demonstrated rapid antimicrobial efficacy which can be a useful adjunct to infection control strategies currently employed in healthcare facilities. In conclusion, CHG can be combined with natural compounds as additives for enhanced synergistic antimicrobial activity.
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Li J, Xin Y, Li J, Chen H, Li H. Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase: from Functions to Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 14:879-891. [PMID: 37191416 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Locating on endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria associated membrane, Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), catalyzes phosphatidylethanolamine methylation to phosphatidylcholine. As the only endogenous pathway for choline biosynthesis in mammals, the dysregulation of PEMT can lead to imbalance of phospholipid metabolism. Dysregulation of phospholipid metabolism in the liver or heart can lead to deposition of toxic lipid species that adversely result in dysfunction of hepatocyte/cardiomyocyte. Studies have shown that PEMT-/- mice increased susceptibility of diet-induced fatty liver and steatohepatitis. However, knockout of PEMT protects against diet-induced atherosclerosis, diet-induced obesity, and insulin resistance. Thus, novel insights to the function of PEMT in various organs should be summarized. Here, we reviewed the structural and functional properties of PEMT, highlighting its role in the pathogenesis of obesity, liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and other conditions.
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Robb L, Joubert G, Jordaan EM, Ngounda J, Walsh CM. Choline intake and associations with egg and dairy consumption among pregnant women attending a high-risk antenatal clinic in South Africa: the NuEMI study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:833. [PMID: 34906117 PMCID: PMC8670152 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of adequate choline intake during pregnancy has been well documented, but low intake is common. Total choline intake, main food sources of choline, as well as associations between choline intake and egg and dairy consumption were determined in a sample of pregnant women attending the high-risk antenatal clinic at a regional hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used. Trained fieldworkers collected dietary intake data using a validated quantified food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ), after which all food items were matched to foods in the USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods (Release 2) to quantify choline intake. Logistic regression with backward selection (p < 0.05) was used to determine whether egg and dairy consumption were independently associated with a choline intake below the adequate intake (AI) level. RESULTS The median daily intake of choline was 275 mg (interquartile range 185 mg - 387 mg) (N = 681). Most participants (84.7%) consumed less than the AI of 450 mg/day for choline. Meat and meat products, cereals, eggs and dairy contributed mostly to choline intake. Food items that contributed most to choline intake included full-cream milk, maize porridge, brown bread, deep-fried potatoes and deep-fried dough (vetkoek). A choline intake below the AI was significantly associated with lower egg and dairy intakes (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0002 respectively). CONCLUSION Most pregnant women in the current study had choline intakes below the AI. It is recommended that public health messaging targeted at pregnant women promote the consumption of foods that can significantly contribute to choline intake, such as eggs and dairy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liska Robb
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, internal box G24, Bloemfontein, 9300, Free State, Republic of South Africa.
| | - Gina Joubert
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Margaretha Jordaan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, internal box G24, Bloemfontein, 9300, Free State, Republic of South Africa
| | - Jennifer Ngounda
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, internal box G24, Bloemfontein, 9300, Free State, Republic of South Africa
| | - Corinna May Walsh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, internal box G24, Bloemfontein, 9300, Free State, Republic of South Africa
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Bortz J, Klatt KC, Wallace TC. Perspective: Estrogen and the Risk of Cognitive Decline: A Missing Choline(rgic) Link? Adv Nutr 2021; 13:S2161-8313(22)00068-0. [PMID: 34849527 PMCID: PMC8970832 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors that influence the risk of neurocognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) may provide insight into therapies for both disease treatment and prevention. While age is the most striking risk factor for AD, it is notable that the prevalence of AD is higher in women, representing two-thirds of cases. To explore potential underlying biological underpinnings of this observation, the intent of this article is to explore the interplay between cognitive aging and sex hormones, the cholinergic system, and novel hypotheses related to the essential nutrient, choline. Mechanistic evidence points toward estrogen's neuroprotective effects being strongly dependent on its interactions with the cholinergic system, a modulator of attentional functioning, learning, and memory. Estrogen has been shown to attenuate anticholinergic-induced impairments in verbal memory and normalize patterns of frontal and occipital cortex activation, resulting in a more "young adult" phenotype. However, similar to estrogen replacement's effect in cardiovascular diseases, its putative protective effects may be restricted to early postmenopausal women only, supportive of the "critical window hypothesis." Estrogen's impact on the cholinergic system may act both locally in the brain but also through peripheral tissues. Estrogen is critical for inducing endogenous choline synthesis via the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) pathway of phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis. PEMT is dramatically induced in response to estrogen, producing not only a PC molecule and source of choline for the brain but also a key source of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acid, DHA. Herein, we highlight novel hypotheses related to hormone replacement therapy and nutrient metabolism aimed at directing future preclinical and clinical investigation.
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Takahashi A. The pathophysiology of leg cramping during dialysis and the use of carnitine in its treatment. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15114. [PMID: 34762357 PMCID: PMC8582296 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leg cramping is a common side effect of hemodialysis, and this is frequently treated by the administration of carnitine, but this is not effective in every patient. Alkalosis is a key component of the etiology of leg cramping during hemodialysis sessions. This is mediated through the binding of calcium ions to serum albumin, which causes hypocalcemia, and an increase in the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Normally the calcium pump on the sarcoplasmic reticulum consumes ATP and quickly reuptakes the released calcium ions, which rapidly stops excessive muscle contractions. Thus, carnitine deficiency results in prolonged muscle contraction because of ATP depletion. However, during ATP production, carnitine is only involved up to the stage of acyl-CoA transport into mitochondria, and for the efficient generation of ATP, the subsequent metabolism of acyl-CoA is also important. For example, β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle may be affected by a deficiency of water-soluble vitamins and the electron transport chain requires coenzyme Q10, but statins inhibit its production. The resulting accumulation of excess long-chain acyl-CoA in mitochondria inhibits enzymes involved in energy production. Thus, carnitine administration may be used more effectively if clinicians are aware of its specific physiologic roles.
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Van Parys A, Brække MS, Karlsson T, Vinknes KJ, Tell GS, Haugsgjerd TR, Ueland PM, Øyen J, Dierkes J, Nygård O, Lysne V. Assessment of Dietary Choline Intake, Contributing Food Items, and Associations with One-Carbon and Lipid Metabolites in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: The Hordaland Health Study. J Nutr 2021; 152:513-524. [PMID: 34643705 PMCID: PMC8826836 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline is an essential nutrient for humans and is involved in various physiologic functions. Through its metabolite betaine, it is closely connected to the one-carbon metabolism, and the fat-soluble choline form phosphatidylcholine is essential for VLDL synthesis and secretion in the liver connecting choline to the lipid metabolism. Dietary recommendations for choline are not available in the Nordic countries primarily due to data scarcity. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary intake of total choline and individual choline forms, dietary sources, and the association of total choline intake with circulating one-carbon metabolites and lipids. METHODS We included 5746 participants in the Hordaland Health Study, a survey including community-dwelling adults born in 1925-1927 (mean age 72 y, 55% women) and 1950-1951 (mean age 48 y, 57% women). Dietary data were obtained using a 169-item FFQ, and choline content was calculated using the USDA Database for Choline Content of Common Foods, release 2. Metabolites of the one-carbon and lipid metabolism were measured in a nonfasting blood sample obtained at baseline, and the association with total choline intake was assessed using polynomial splines. RESULTS The geometric mean (95% prediction interval) energy-adjusted total choline intake was 260 (170, 389) mg/d, with phosphatidylcholine being the main form (44%). The major food items providing dietary choline were eggs, low-fat milk, potatoes, and leafy vegetables. Dietary total choline was inversely associated with circulating concentrations of total homocysteine, glycine, and serine and positively associated with choline, methionine, cystathionine, cysteine, trimethyllysine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and dimethylglycine. A weak association was observed between choline intake and serum lipids. CONCLUSIONS Phosphatidylcholine was the most consumed choline form in community-dwelling adults in Norway. Our findings suggest that choline intake is associated with the concentration of most metabolites involved in the one-carbon and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Sandvik Brække
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Therese Karlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Teresa R Haugsgjerd
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Jutta Dierkes
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Goh YQ, Cheam G, Wang Y. Understanding Choline Bioavailability and Utilization: First Step Toward Personalizing Choline Nutrition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10774-10789. [PMID: 34392687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Choline is an essential macronutrient involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, cell-membrane signaling, lipid transport, and methyl-group metabolism. Nevertheless, the vast majority are not meeting the recommended intake requirement. Choline deficiency is linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, skeletal muscle atrophy, and neurodegenerative diseases. The conversion of dietary choline to trimethylamine by gut microbiota is known for its association with atherosclerosis and may contribute to choline deficiency. Choline-utilizing bacteria constitutes less than 1% of the gut community and is modulated by lifestyle interventions such as dietary patterns, antibiotics, and probiotics. In addition, choline utilization is also affected by genetic factors, further complicating the impact of choline on health. This review overviews the complex interplay between dietary intakes of choline, gut microbiota and genetic factors, and the subsequent impact on health. Understanding of gut microbiota metabolism of choline substrates and interindividual variability is warranted in the development of personalized choline nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qi Goh
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
| | - Guoxiang Cheam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921
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Grading of endometrial cancer using 1H HR-MAS NMR-based metabolomics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18160. [PMID: 34518615 PMCID: PMC8438077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue metabolomic characteristics associated with endometrial cancer (EC) at different grades were studied using high resolution (400 MHz) magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) proton spectroscopy. The metabolic profiles were obtained from 64 patients (14 with grade 1 (G1), 33 with grade 2 (G2) and 17 with grade 3 (G3) tumors) and compared with the profile acquired from 10 patients with the benign disorders. OPLS-DA revealed increased valine, isoleucine, leucine, hypotaurine, serine, lysine, ethanolamine, choline and decreased creatine, creatinine, glutathione, ascorbate, glutamate, phosphoethanolamine and scyllo-inositol in all EC grades in reference to the non-transformed tissue. The increased levels of taurine was additionally detected in the G1 and G2 tumors in comparison to the control tissue, while the elevated glycine, N-acetyl compound and lactate—in the G1 and G3 tumors. The metabolic features typical for the G1 tumors are the increased dimethyl sulfone, phosphocholine, and decreased glycerophosphocholine and glutamine levels, while the decreased myo-inositol level is characteristic for the G2 and G3 tumors. The elevated 3-hydroxybutyrate, alanine and betaine levels were observed in the G3 tumors. The differences between the grade G1 and G3 malignances were mainly related to the perturbations of phosphoethanolamine and phosphocholine biosynthesis, inositol, betaine, serine and glycine metabolism. The statistical significance of the OPLS-DA modeling was also verified by an univariate analysis. HR-MAS NMR based metabolomics provides an useful insight into the metabolic reprogramming in endometrial cancer.
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Pan XF, Yang JJ, Shu XO, Moore SC, Palmer ND, Guasch-Ferré M, Herrington DM, Harada S, Eliassen H, Wang TJ, Gerszten RE, Albanes D, Tzoulaki I, Karaman I, Elliott P, Zhu H, Wagenknecht LE, Zheng W, Cai H, Cai Q, Matthews CE, Menni C, Meyer KA, Lipworth LP, Ose J, Fornage M, Ulrich CM, Yu D. Associations of circulating choline and its related metabolites with cardiometabolic biomarkers: an international pooled analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:893-906. [PMID: 34020444 PMCID: PMC8408854 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline is an essential nutrient; however, the associations of choline and its related metabolites with cardiometabolic risk remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We examined the associations of circulating choline, betaine, carnitine, and dimethylglycine (DMG) with cardiometabolic biomarkers and their potential dietary and nondietary determinants. METHODS The cross-sectional analyses included 32,853 participants from 17 studies, who were free of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease. In each study, metabolites and biomarkers were log-transformed and standardized by means and SDs, and linear regression coefficients (β) and 95% CIs were estimated with adjustments for potential confounders. Study-specific results were combined by random-effects meta-analyses. A false discovery rate <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS We observed moderate positive associations of circulating choline, carnitine, and DMG with creatinine [β (95% CI): 0.136 (0.084, 0.188), 0.106 (0.045, 0.168), and 0.128 (0.087, 0.169), respectively, for each SD increase in biomarkers on the log scale], carnitine with triglycerides (β = 0.076; 95% CI: 0.042, 0.109), homocysteine (β = 0.064; 95% CI: 0.033, 0.095), and LDL cholesterol (β = 0.055; 95% CI: 0.013, 0.096), DMG with homocysteine (β = 0.068; 95% CI: 0.023, 0.114), insulin (β = 0.068; 95% CI: 0.043, 0.093), and IL-6 (β = 0.060; 95% CI: 0.027, 0.094), but moderate inverse associations of betaine with triglycerides (β = -0.146; 95% CI: -0.188, -0.104), insulin (β = -0.106; 95% CI: -0.130, -0.082), homocysteine (β = -0.097; 95% CI: -0.149, -0.045), and total cholesterol (β = -0.074; 95% CI: -0.102, -0.047). In the whole pooled population, no dietary factor was associated with circulating choline; red meat intake was associated with circulating carnitine [β = 0.092 (0.042, 0.142) for a 1 serving/d increase], whereas plant protein was associated with circulating betaine [β = 0.249 (0.110, 0.388) for a 5% energy increase]. Demographics, lifestyle, and metabolic disease history showed differential associations with these metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Circulating choline, carnitine, and DMG were associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profiles, whereas circulating betaine was associated with a favorable cardiometabolic risk profile. Future prospective studies are needed to examine the associations of these metabolites with incident cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Fei Pan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jae Jeong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven C Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Herrington
- Section on Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sei Harada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heather Eliassen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ibrahim Karaman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huilian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie A Meyer
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Loren P Lipworth
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer Ose
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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50
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Robeva R, Mladenović D, Vesković M, Hrnčić D, Bjekić-Macut J, Stanojlović O, Livadas S, Yildiz BO, Macut D. The interplay between metabolic dysregulations and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women after menopause. Maturitas 2021; 151:22-30. [PMID: 34446275 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hypoestrogenic period after menopause and associated metabolic imbalance might facilitate the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression. The prevalence of NAFLD increases in patients experiencing premature ovarian insufficiency, as well as surgical or natural menopause. The postmenopausal period is characterized by dyslipidemia and insulin resistance associated with an increased influx of free fatty acids to the liver with consequent steatosis and further progression of NAFLD. More than half of postmenopausal women with diabetes mellitus type 2 suffer from NAFLD. It is suggested that estrogens slow the progression of chronic liver diseases by suppression of inflammation, improvement of mitochondrial function, alleviation of oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and fibrogenesis. The hyperandrogenic state of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with the development of NAFLD in women of reproductive age, but it is difficult to extend these findings to menopause due to inappropriate diagnosis of PCOS after menopause. Lifestyle intervention, including physical activity and dietary regimens, remains the first-line preventive and therapeutic option for NAFLD. There are contradictory reports on the use of menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) and NAFLD. It is necessary to investigate the potential effects of estradiol dose, progesterone type, selective estrogen receptor modulators and tissue-selective estrogen complex compounds on NAFLD development and progression in postmenopausal women. The present review aims to explore the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of liver metabolic disturbances in women after menopause, focusing on the possible preventive and therapeutic strategies in NAFLD, including the potential role of MHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralitsa Robeva
- Department of Endocrinology, USHATE "Acad. Iv. Penchev", Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dušan Mladenović
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vesković
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Hrnčić
- Institute of Medicinal Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelica Bjekić-Macut
- Department of Endocrinology, CHC Bežanijska kosa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Stanojlović
- Institute of Medicinal Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Bulent O Yildiz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Djuro Macut
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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