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Fernández-Sánchez J, Trujillo-Colmena D, Rodríguez-Castaño A, Lavín-Pérez AM, Del Coso J, Casado A, Collado-Mateo D. Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on Fat Oxidation Rate during Fed-State Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:207. [PMID: 38257100 PMCID: PMC10819049 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-exercise intake of caffeine (from ~3 to 9 mg/kg) has been demonstrated as an effective supplementation strategy to increase fat oxidation during fasted exercise. However, a pre-exercise meal can alter the potential effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise as caffeine modifies postprandial glycaemic and insulinemic responses. Hypothetically, the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation may be reduced or even withdrawn during fed-state exercise. The present systematic review aimed to meta-analyse investigations on the effect of acute caffeine intake on the rate of fat oxidation during submaximal aerobic exercise performed in the fed state (last meal < 5 h before exercise). A total of 18 crossover trials with randomised and placebo-controlled protocols and published between 1982 and 2021 were included, with a total of 228 participants (185 males and 43 females). Data were extracted to compare rates of fat oxidation during exercise with placebo and caffeine at the same exercise intensity, which reported 20 placebo-caffeine pairwise comparisons. A meta-analysis of the studies was performed, using the standardised mean difference (SMD) estimated from Hedges' g, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In comparison with the placebo, caffeine increased the rate of fat oxidation during fed-state exercise (number of comparisons (n) = 20; p = 0.020, SMD = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.20 to 1.20). Only studies with a dose < 6 mg/kg of caffeine (n = 13) increased the rate of fat oxidation during fed-state exercise (p = 0.004, SMD = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.27 to 1.45), while no such effect was observed in studies with doses ≥6 mg/kg (n = 7; p = 0.97, SMD = -0.03, 95% CI = -1.40 to 1.35). The effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during fed-state exercise was observed in active untrained individuals (n = 13; p < 0.001, SMD = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.39 to 1.30) but not in aerobically trained participants (n = 7; p = 0.27, SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = -0.39 to 1.39). Likewise, the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation was observed in caffeine-naïve participants (n = 9; p < 0.001, SMD = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.45 to 1.19) but not in caffeine consumers (n = 3; p = 0.54, SMD = 0.57, 95% CI = -1.23 to 2.37). In conclusion, acute caffeine intake in combination with a meal ingested within 5 h before the onset of exercise increased the rate of fat oxidation during submaximal aerobic exercise. The magnitude of the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during fed-state exercise may be modulated by the dose of caffeine administered (higher with <6 mg/kg than with ≥6 mg/kg), participants' aerobic fitness level (higher in active than in aerobically trained individuals), and habituation to caffeine (higher in caffeine-naïve than in caffeine consumers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Sánchez
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Daniel Trujillo-Colmena
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Adrián Rodríguez-Castaño
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Ana Myriam Lavín-Pérez
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
- GO fitLAB, Ingesport, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Arturo Casado
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Daniel Collado-Mateo
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
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Fang J, Song K, Zhang D, Liang Y, Zhao H, Jin J, He Q. Coffee intake and risk of diabetic nephropathy: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1169933. [PMID: 37469984 PMCID: PMC10352828 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1169933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objective A causal relationship concerning coffee intake and diabetic nephropathy (DN) is controversial. We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to assess the causal nature of these associations. Methods 40 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coffee intake were selected from the UK Biobank study. Summary-level data for diabetic nephropathy were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the FinnGen consortium. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median (WM) methods were used to examine a causal association. Sensitivity analyses included Cochran's Q test, the intercept of MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO, and the Outlier method. Leave-One-Out sensitivity analyses were also conducted to reduce the heterogeneity. Results Our current study demonstrated positive associations of genetically predicted coffee intake with diabetic nephropathy (OR=1.939; P = 0.045 and type 2 diabetes with renal complications (OR = 2.787, P= 0.047). These findings were robust across several sensitivity analyses. Conclusions This study found a positive correlation between coffee consumption and the risk of diabetic nephropathy using genetic data. For a more accurate and trustworthy conclusion, subgroup analysis on coffee intake, including preparing method, variety of coffee, and quantity, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Song
- Geriatric Medicine Center, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Fenne KT, Clauss M, Schäfer Olstad D, Johansen EI, Jensen J. An Acute Bout of Endurance Exercise Does Not Prevent the Inhibitory Effect of Caffeine on Glucose Tolerance the following Morning. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081941. [PMID: 37111160 PMCID: PMC10143402 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine reduces glucose tolerance, whereas exercise training improves glucose homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of caffeine on glucose tolerance the morning after an acute bout of aerobic exercise. Methods: The study had a 2 × 2 factorial design. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed after overnight fasting with/without caffeine and with/without exercise the evening before. Eight healthy young active males were included (Age 25.5 ± 1.5 years; 83.9 ± 9.0 kg; VO2max: 54.3 ± 7.0 mL·kg-1·min-1). The exercise session consisted of 30 min cycling at 71% of VO2max followed by four 5 min intervals at 84% with 3 min of cycling at 40% of VO2max between intervals. The exercise was performed at 17:00 h. Energy expenditure at each session was ~976 kcal. Lactate increased to ~8 mM during the exercise sessions. Participants arrived at the laboratory the following morning at 7.00 AM after an overnight fast. Resting blood samples were taken before blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured. Caffeine (3 mg/kg bodyweight) or placebo (similar taste/flavor) was ingested, and blood samples, blood pressure and HRV were measured after 30 min. Next, the OGTTs were initiated (75 g glucose dissolved in 3 dL water) and blood was sampled. Blood pressure and HRV were measured during the OGTT. Caffeine increased the area under curve (AUC) for glucose independently of whether exercise was done the evening before (p = 0.03; Two-way ANOVA; Interaction: p = 0.835). Caffeine did not significantly increase AUC for C-peptides compared to placebo (p = 0.096), and C-peptide response was not influenced by exercise. The acute bout of exercise did not significantly improve glucose tolerance the following morning. Diastolic blood pressure during the OGTT was slightly higher after intake of caffeine, independent of whether exercise was performed the evening before or not. Neither caffeine nor exercise the evening before significantly influenced HRV. In conclusion, caffeine reduced glucose tolerance independently of whether endurance exercise was performed the evening before. The low dose of caffeine did not influence heart rate variability but increased diastolic blood pressure slightly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline T Fenne
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthieu Clauss
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Egil I Johansen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
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Nina R, Lingling H, Qiushuang L, Honglin G, Liyuan S, Yuting Z. Association of coffee consumption pattern and metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and older adults: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1022616. [PMID: 36860390 PMCID: PMC9970040 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1022616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The association between coffee consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between coffee intake and components of MetS. Method A cross-sectional survey including 1,719 adults was conducted in Guangdong, China. Data on age, gender, education level, marriage status, body mass index (BMI), current smoking and drinking status and breakfast habit, coffee consumption type, and daily servings were derived based on 2-day, 24-h recall. MetS were assessed according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between the coffee consumption type, daily servings, and the components of MetS. Results Regardless of the coffee type, compared with non-coffee consumers, coffee consumers had higher odds ratios (ORs) of the elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) in both men [OR: 3.590; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 2.891-4.457] and women (OR: 3.590; 95% CI: 2.891-4.457). In women, the risk of elevated blood pressure (BP) was 0.553 times (OR: 0.553; 95% CI: 0.372-0.821, P = 0.004) for people who drank total coffee > 1 serving/day than for non-coffee drinkers. Conclusion In conclusion, regardless of type, coffee intake is associated with an increased prevalence of FBG in both men and women, but has a protective effect on hypertension only in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Nina
- Internet Medical Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huang Lingling
- Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Qiushuang
- Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo Honglin
- School of Public Administration, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Sun Liyuan
- Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhang Yuting
- Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Zhang Yuting ✉
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Impact of Diet Composition on Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183716. [PMID: 36145093 PMCID: PMC9505491 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Effects of spent coffee grounds on production traits, haematological parameters, and antioxidant activity of blood and milk in dairy goats. Animal 2022; 16:100501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Conde SV, Martins FO, Dias SS, Pinto P, Bárbara C, Monteiro EC. Dysmetabolism and Sleep Fragmentation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients Run Independently of High Caffeine Consumption. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071382. [PMID: 35405995 PMCID: PMC9003552 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Daytime hypersomnolence, the prime feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), frequently leads to high coffee consumption. Nevertheless, some clinicians ask for patients’ caffeine avoidance. Caffeinated drinks are sometimes associated with more severe OSA. However, these effects are not consensual. Here we investigated the effect of caffeine consumption on sleep architecture and apnea/hypopnea index in OSA. Also, the impact of caffeine on variables related with dysmetabolism, dyslipidemia, and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) dysfunction were investigated. A total of 65 patients diagnosed with OSA and 32 without OSA were included after given written informed consent. Polysomnographic studies were performed. Blood was collected to quantify caffeine and its metabolites in plasma and biochemical parameters. 24 h urine samples were collected for catecholamines measurement. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS: (1) non-parametric Mann-Whitney test to compare variables between controls and OSA; (2) multivariate logistic regression testing the effect of caffeine on sets of variables in the 2 groups; and (3) Spearmans’ correlation between caffeine levels and comorbidities in patients with OSA. As expected OSA development is associated with dyslipidemia, dysmetabolism, SNS dysfunction, and sleep fragmentation. There was also a significant increase in plasma caffeine levels in the OSA group. However, the higher consumption of caffeine by OSA patients do not alter any of these associations. These results showed that there is no apparent rationale for caffeine avoidance in chronic consumers with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia V. Conde
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana 6, Edifício 2, piso 3, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.O.M.); (E.C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fátima O. Martins
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana 6, Edifício 2, piso 3, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.O.M.); (E.C.M.)
| | - Sara S. Dias
- ciTechCare—Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal;
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Paula Pinto
- Pneumology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Hospital Pulido Valente, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Cristina Bárbara
- Pneumology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Hospital Pulido Valente, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Emília C. Monteiro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana 6, Edifício 2, piso 3, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.O.M.); (E.C.M.)
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Effects of honey-rich energy drink intake on glucose, insulin, triglycerides and total protein in healthy young people. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:1093-1100. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.04001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Kolb H, Martin S, Kempf K. Coffee and Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Arguments for a Causal Relationship. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041144. [PMID: 33807132 PMCID: PMC8066601 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective epidemiological studies concur in an association between habitual coffee consumption and a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Several aspects of these studies support a cause–effect relationship. There is a dependency on daily coffee dose. Study outcomes are similar in different regions of the world, show no differences between sexes, between obese versus lean, young versus old, smokers versus nonsmokers, regardless of the number of confounders adjusted for. Randomized controlled intervention trials did not find a consistent impact of drinking coffee on acute metabolic control, except for effects of caffeine. Therefore, lowering of diabetes risk by coffee consumption does not involve an acute effect on the post-meal course of blood glucose, insulin or insulin resistance. Several studies in animals and humans find that the ingestion of coffee phytochemicals induces an adaptive cellular response characterized by upregulation and de novo synthesis of enzymes involved in cell defense and repair. A key regulator is the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in association with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AMP-activated kinase and sirtuins. One major site of coffee actions appears to be the liver, causing improved fat oxidation and lower risk of steatosis. Another major effect of coffee intake is preservation of functional beta cell mass via enhanced mitochondrial function, lower endoplasmic reticulum stress and prevention or clearance of aggregates of misfolded proinsulin or amylin. Long-term preservation of proper liver and beta cell function may account for the association of habitual coffee drinking with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, rather than acute improvement of metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kempf
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-566036016
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Tan LJ, Jeon HJ, Park S, Kim SA, Lim K, Chung S, Chang PS, Lee JK, Kang D, Shin S. Association of Coffee Consumption and Its Types According to Addition of Sugar and Creamer with Metabolic Syndrome Incidence in a Korean Population from the Health Examinees (HEXA) Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030920. [PMID: 33809135 PMCID: PMC8001379 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is widely consumed worldwide, and numerous studies indicate that coffee consumption may potentially affect the development of chronic diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) may constitute a risk factor for chronic diseases. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association between coffee consumption and MetS incidence. All participants were selected from the Health Examinees study. MetS was defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the relationship between coffee consumption and MetS incidence. In comparison with non-consumers, male moderate consumers (≤3 cups/day) showed a lower risk for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (≤1 cup/day, hazard ratio (HR): 0.445, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.254-0.780; 1-3 cups/day, HR: 0.507, 95% CI: 0.299-0.859) and high fasting blood glucose (FPG) (≤1 cup/day, HR: 0.694, 95% CI: 0.538-0.895; 1-3 cups/day, HR: 0.763, 95% CI: 0.598-0.972). Male 3-in-1 coffee (coffee with sugar and creamer) consumers also showed a lower risk for low HDL-C (HR: 0.423, 95% CI: 0.218-0.824) and high FPG (HR: 0.659, 95% CI: 0.497-0.874). These findings indicate a negative association between moderate coffee consumption and low HDL-C and high FPG among Korean male adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Tan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea; (L.-J.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Hye Joo Jeon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.J.); (P.-S.C.)
| | - SoHyun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea; (L.-J.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Seong-Ah Kim
- Department of Urban Society, The Seoul Institute, Seoul 06756, Korea;
| | - Kyungjoon Lim
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
| | - Sangwon Chung
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea;
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.J.); (P.-S.C.)
| | - Jong-koo Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea; (L.-J.T.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-670-3259; Fax: +82-31-675-1381
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Flavel M, Jois M, Kitchen B. Potential contributions of the methodology to the variability of glycaemic index of foods. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:108-123. [PMID: 33594331 PMCID: PMC7839170 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycaemic index (GI) testing provides a useful point of comparison between carbohydrate sources. For this comparison to be meaningful, the methods used to determine GI values need to be rigorous and consistent between testing events. This requirement has led to increasing standardization of the GI methodology, with an international standard developed in joint consultation with FAO/WHO (ISO 26642:2010) currently the most up to date document. The purpose of this review is to compare the international standard to methods of published studies claiming to have performed a GI test. This analysis revealed that the international standard permits a wide range of choices for researchers when designing a GI testing plan, rather than a single standardized protocol. It has also been revealed that the literature contains significant variation, both between studies and from the international standard for critical aspects of GI testing methodology. The primary areas of variation include; what glucose specification is used, which reference food is used, how much reference food is given, what drink is given during testing, the blood sampling site chosen and what assay and equipment is used to measure blood glucose concentration. For each of these aspects we have explored some of the methodological and physiological implications of these variations. These insights suggest that whilst the international standard has assisted with framing the general parameters of GI testing, further stan-dardization to testing procedures is still required to ensure the continued relevance of the GI to clinical nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Flavel
- Bioactive Division, The Product Makers, Keysborough 3173, Victoria, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Barry Kitchen
- Bioactive Division, The Product Makers, Keysborough 3173, Victoria, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
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Jain S, Jacobson KA. Purinergic signaling in diabetes and metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114393. [PMID: 33359363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling, a concept originally formulated by the late Geoffrey Burnstock (1929-2020), was found to modulate pathways in every physiological system. In metabolic disorders there is a role for both adenosine receptors and P2 (nucleotide) receptors, of which there are two classes, i.e. P2Y metabotropic and P2X ionotropic receptors. The individual roles of the 19 receptors encompassed by this family have been dissected - and in many cases the effects associated with specific cell types, including adipocytes, skeletal muscle, liver cells and immune cells. It is suggested that ligands selective for each of the four adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3), and several of the P2 subtypes (e.g. P2Y6 or P2X7 antagonists) might have therapeutic potential for treating diabetes and obesity. This is a developing story with some conflicting conclusions relevant to drug discovery, which we summarize here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Shearer J, Reimer RA, Hittel DS, Gault MA, Vogel HJ, Klein MS. Caffeine-Containing Energy Shots Cause Acute Impaired Glucoregulation in Adolescents. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3850. [PMID: 33339359 PMCID: PMC7766305 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine-containing, nutritionally fortified energy shots are consumed at high rates by adolescents, yet little is known about their metabolic impact. The purpose of this study was to examine the consequences of small format, caffeinated energy shots on glucose metabolism and gastrointestinal hormone secretion in adolescents. Twenty participants aged 13-19 years participated in a double-blind, randomized cross-over study consisting of two trials separated by 1-4 weeks. Participants consumed a volume-matched caffeinated energy shot (CAF, 5 mg/kg) or a decaffeinated energy shot (DECAF) followed by a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test. Blood samples were collected and area under the curve (AUC) calculated for glucose, insulin and gut and metabolic hormones. Consumption of CAF resulted in a 25% increase in glucose and a 26% increase in insulin area under the curve (AUC, p = 0.037; p < 0.0001) compared to DECAF. No impact on gut hormones was observed. To further characterize responses, individuals were classified as either slow or fast caffeine metabolizers based on an allele score. Glucose intolerance was greater in genetically fast vs. slow caffeine metabolizers and differences between groups were supported by distinct serum metabolomics separation. Consumption of caffeine-containing energy shots results in acute impaired glucoregulation in healthy adolescents as characterized by hyperinsulinemia following an oral glucose challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.A.R.); (D.S.H.); (M.A.G.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.A.R.); (D.S.H.); (M.A.G.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dustin S. Hittel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.A.R.); (D.S.H.); (M.A.G.)
- Discovery DNA Inc., Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mackenzie A. Gault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.A.R.); (D.S.H.); (M.A.G.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Hans J. Vogel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Matthias S. Klein
- College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Orefice V, Ceccarelli F, Barbati C, Lucchetti R, Olivieri G, Cipriano E, Natalucci F, Perricone C, Spinelli FR, Alessandri C, Valesini G, Conti F. Caffeine intake influences disease activity and clinical phenotype in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 2020; 29:1377-1384. [PMID: 32703116 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320941920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Caffeine, one of the most widely consumed products in the world, seems to interact with multiple components of the immune system by acting as a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor. In vitro dose-dependent treatment with caffeine down-regulates mRNA levels of key inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. So far, no robust data are available about the possible contribution of caffeine in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of caffeine consumption on SLE-related disease phenotype and activity, in terms of clinimetric assessment and cytokine serum levels. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study, enrolling consecutive patients and reporting their clinical and laboratory data. Disease activity was assessed by SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). Caffeine intake was evaluated by a 7-day food frequency questionnaire, including all the main sources of caffeine. As previously reported, patients were divided into four groups according to the daily caffeine intake: <29.1 mg/day (group 1), 29.2-153.7 mg/day (group 2), 153.8-376.5 mg/day (group 3) and >376.6 mg/day (group 4). At the end of questionnaire filling, blood samples were collected from each patient to assess cytokine levels. These were assessed by using a panel by Bio-Plex assays to measure the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-27, IFNγ, IFNα and BLyS. RESULTS We enrolled 89 consecutive SLE patients. We observed a negative correlation between caffeine consumption and disease activity, measured with SLEDAI-2K. A significantly higher prevalence of lupus nephritis, neuropsychiatric involvement, haematological manifestations, hypocomplementaemia and anti-dsDNA positivity was observed in patients with a low intake of caffeine. Furthermore, patients with a low intake of caffeine were more frequently treated with glucocorticoids. Regarding cytokine analysis, a negative correlation between daily caffeine consumption and serum level of IFNγ was found (p = 0.03, r = -0.2); furthermore, patients with a high intake of caffeine showed lower serum levels of IFNα (p = 0.02), IL-17 (p = 0.01) and IL-6 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS In this report we demonstrated the impact of caffeine on SLE disease activity status, as confirmed by the inverse correlation between its intake and both SLEDAI-2K values and cytokine levels. Moreover, patients with a low caffeine consumption seem to have a more severe disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Orefice
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Ceccarelli
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Barbati
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Lucchetti
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Olivieri
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Cipriano
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Natalucci
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Perricone
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Alessandri
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Valesini
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Conti
- Lupus Clinic, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, 9311Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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15
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The regular consumption of coffee and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-019-01055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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16
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Mansour A, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Karimi S, Sanginabadi M, Poustchi H, Enayati S, Asgarbeik S, Nasrollahzadeh J, Hekmatdoost A. Short term effects of coffee components consumption on gut microbiota in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver and diabetes: A pilot randomized placebo-controlled, clinical trial. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:241-250. [PMID: 32256270 PMCID: PMC7105939 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of caffeine and chlorogenic acid supplementation on gut microbiota, and metabolic disturbances in patients with NAFLD and diabetes. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial, 26 patients with diabetes and NAFLD were randomly assigned to four groups to receive either 200 mg caffeine plus 200 mg chlorogenic acid (CFCA), or 200 mg caffeine plus 200 mg placebo (starch) (CFPL), or 200 mg chlorogenic acid plus 200 mg placebo (CAPL), or 200 mg placebo plus 200 mg placebo (PLPL) for 12 weeks. After 3 months of supplementation, patients in the intervention groups showed a significant decrease in body weight (CFCA group =-3.69 kg; CFPL group=-0.7kg; CAPL group=-0.43kg; PLPL group=0.26 kg) (p=0.004). Weight reduced significantly more in CFCA group compared to all other three groups (p=0.005 for PLPL; p=0.023 for CAPL; and p=0.031 for CFPL). Although the number of gut Bifidobacteria increased in CFCA group, there were no statistically significant differences within and between the groups in any of bacteria numbers. In conclusion, our study showed that 12 weeks consumption of 200 mg/day caffeine plus 200 mg/day chlorogenic acid is effective in reduction of weight in patients with NAFLD and diabetes which might be at least partially through the rise in gut Bifidobacteria. This pilot study shed a light on the pathway of future clinical trials assessing the effects of coffee consumption in these patients. This trial has been registered at clinicaltrial.gov with registration number of NCT02929901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Mansour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Karimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Sanginabadi
- Radiology Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Enayati
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Asgarbeik
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Shuvalova N, Drandrov G, Lezhenina S, Karpunina A, Igonin Y. Physical exercises and fat burners – the easy road to severe consequences? BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202600049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to identify the features of the regular aerobic exercise effect, dietary diet with the intake of dietary supplements with plant components, intended for weight loss, on the reduction of body weight, fat mass, and glycemic profile of overweight women. The article presents the results of two groups of women (22 people in each) in a three-month physical fitness program to reduce excess weight, including regular exercise and adherence to dietary nutrition. Women of the first group additionally took an active substance for weight loss, containing a mixture of carnitine, chromium, arginine and guarana, green tea, citrus fruits and willow extract, women of the second group without placebo. It was found that participation in the program led to approximately the same reduction in body weight, BMI, total body fat, visceral fat and waist circumference in women of both groups. The use of a dietary supplement (fat burner) had a negative effect on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. We attribute this result to the presence of caffeine and an especially inappropriate combination of substances in the mixture. The negative influence of a fat burner on carbohydrate metabolism revealed by us in the process of physical culture and health-improving fitness must be taken into account when organizing sports nutrition with the use of biologically active additives.
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18
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Kim SA, Shin S. The Association between Coffee Consumption Pattern and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122992. [PMID: 31817748 PMCID: PMC6950377 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inconsistent results of epidemiologic studies suggest that the health effects of coffee vary depending on coffee consumption pattern, such as the type and amount of coffee intake. This study investigated the association between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults. In total, coffee consumption patterns in 14,132 participants were assessed based on two-day, 24-h recall data. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between the type and daily servings of coffee and the prevalence of MetS. In women, the prevalence of MetS (odds ratio (OR) 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70, 0.96), elevated triglycerides (0.85; 0.75, 0.97), and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C; 0.74; 0.66, 0.83) in 3-in-1 coffee consumers, as well as the prevalence of increased waist circumference (0.81; 0.68, 0.98) and reduced HDL-C (0.68; 0.59, 0.80) in black coffee consumers, were significantly lower compared to non-coffee consumers. Also, the inverse associations between total coffee intake, black coffee intake, and 3-in-1 coffee intake with MetS or components of MetS were more significant in individuals who consumed >1 versus ≤1 serving/day. In conclusion, coffee consumption (regardless of type) was associated with a reduced prevalence of MetS and its components in Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangah Shin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-670-3259; Fax: +82-31-675-1381
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19
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Reis CE, Dórea JG, da Costa TH. Effects of coffee consumption on glucose metabolism: A systematic review of clinical trials. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 9:184-191. [PMID: 31193893 PMCID: PMC6544578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate an inverse association of coffee consumption with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, studies to determine the clinical effects of coffee consumption on the glucose metabolism biomarkers remain uncertain. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of coffee consumption on glucose metabolism. A search of electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) was performed identifying studies published until September 2017. Eight clinical trials (n = 247 subjects) were identified for analyses. Participants and studies characteristics, main findings, and study quality (Jadad Score) were reported. Short-term (1-3 h) and long-term (2-16 weeks) studies were summarized separately. Short-term studies showed that consumption of caffeinated coffee may increase the area under the curve for glucose response, while for long-term studies, caffeinated coffee may improve the glycaemic metabolism by reducing the glucose curve and increasing the insulin response. The findings suggest that consumption of caffeinated coffee may lead to unfavourable acute effects; however, an improvement on glucose metabolism was found on long-term follow-up.
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Key Words
- AMPK, Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- AUC, Area under the curve
- CGA, Chlorogenic acids
- Coffee
- Glucose
- HOMA-IR, Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index
- IL, Interleukin
- ISI, Insulin Sensitivity Index
- Insulin
- Insulin sensitivity
- OGTT, Oral glucose tolerance test
- PRISMA, Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses
- RCT, Randomised controlled trial
- T2DM, Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio E.G. Reis
- Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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20
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Caffeine Consumption through Coffee: Content in the Beverage, Metabolism, Health Benefits and Risks. BEVERAGES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages5020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is the most consumed psychoactive substance in the world, acting by means of antagonism to adenosine receptors, mainly A1 and A2A. Coffee is the main natural source of the alkaloid which is quite soluble and well extracted during the brew’s preparation. After consumption, caffeine is almost completely absorbed and extensively metabolized in the liver by phase I (cytochrome P450) enzymes, mainly CYP1A2, which appears to be polymorphically distributed in human populations. Paraxanthine is the major caffeine metabolite in plasma, while methylated xanthines and methyluric acids are the main metabolites excreted in urine. In addition to stimulating the central nervous system, caffeine exerts positive effects in the body, often in association with other substances, contributing to prevention of several chronic diseases. The potential adverse effects of caffeine have also been extensively studied in animal species and in humans. These aspects will be approached in the present review.
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21
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Emami MR, Khorshidi M, Zarezadeh M, Safabakhsh M, Rezagholizadeh F, Alizadeh S. Acute effects of caffeine ingestion on glycemic indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2019; 44:282-290. [PMID: 31126568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Emami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Khorshidi
- Faculty of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Iran
| | - Meysam Zarezadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Safabakhsh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rezagholizadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Solomi L, Rees GA, Redfern KM. The acute effects of the non-nutritive sweeteners aspartame and acesulfame-K in UK diet cola on glycaemic response. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:894-900. [PMID: 30892106 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1585418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Substituting sugar-sweetened for artificially sweetened beverages may reduce energy intakes. This study aims to ascertain the acute glycaemic effects of the NNS aspartame and acesulfame-K in UK diet-cola (DC). Ten healthy participants attended the laboratory fasted on three occasions. Individuals drank (1) 25 g glucose in 125 mL water + 236 mL water, (2) 25 g glucose in 125 mL water with 236 mL DC and (3) 236 mL sucrose-sweetened cola with 125 mL water. Blood (glucose) was measured pre-test and every 15 minutes over a 120-minute period using portable glucometers. The glucose-control and glucose + DC elicited similar blood glucose rises above pre-prandial levels. Sucrose-sweetened cola showed a non-significant lower rise in postprandial glycaemia, exhibiting the lowest glycaemic index (GI) (77.0 ± 9.1). GI of glucose (100.0 ± 15.2) and glucose + DC (104.3 ± 8.5) was similar and a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed no significant differences in glycaemic response between test drinks (F(2,29) = 1.68, p > .05). Results demonstrate the glycaemic inactivity of non-nutritive sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Solomi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth , Plymouth , UK
| | - Gail A Rees
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth , Plymouth , UK
| | - Kathy M Redfern
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth , Plymouth , UK
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23
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have found coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this randomised, cross-over single-blind study was to investigate the effects of regular coffee, regular coffee with sugar and decaffeinated coffee consumption on glucose metabolism and incretin hormones. Seventeen healthy men participated in five trials each, during which they consumed coffee (decaffeinated, regular (containing caffeine) or regular with sugar) or water (with or without sugar). After 1 h of each intervention, they received an oral glucose tolerance test with one intravenous dose of [1-13C]glucose. The Oral Dose Intravenous Label Experiment was applied and glucose and insulin levels were interpreted using a stable isotope two-compartment minimal model. A mixed-model procedure (PROC MIXED), with subject as random effect and time as repeated measure, was used to compare the effects of the beverages on glucose metabolism and incretin parameters (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)). Insulin sensitivity was higher with decaffeinated coffee than with water (P<0·05). Regular coffee with sugar did not significantly affect glucose, insulin, C-peptide and incretin hormones, compared with water with sugar. Glucose, insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1 and GIP levels were not statistically different after regular and decaffeinated coffee compared with water. Our findings demonstrated that the consumption of decaffeinated coffee improves insulin sensitivity without changing incretin hormones levels. There was no short-term adverse effect on glucose homoeostasis, after an oral glucose challenge, attributable to the consumption of regular coffee with sugar.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental and lifestyle changes, in addition to the ageing of populations, are generally believed to account for the rapid global increase in type 2 diabetes prevalence and incidence in recent decades. DISCUSSION In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of factors contributing to diabetes risk, including aspects of diet quality and quantity, little physical activity, increased monitor viewing time or sitting in general, exposure to noise or fine dust, short or disturbed sleep, smoking, stress and depression, and a low socioeconomic status. In general, these factors promote an increase in body mass index. Since loss of β-cell function is the ultimate cause of developing overt type 2 diabetes, environmental and lifestyle changes must have resulted in a higher risk of β-cell damage in those at genetic risk. Multiple mechanistic pathways may come into play. CONCLUSIONS Strategies of diabetes prevention should aim at promoting a 'diabetes-protective lifestyle' whilst simultaneously enhancing the resistance of the human organism to pro-diabetic environmental and lifestyle factors. More research on diabetes-protective mechanisms seems warranted.
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25
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Kolb H, Martin S. Environmental/lifestyle factors in the pathogenesis and prevention of type 2 diabetes. BMC Med 2017; 15:131. [PMID: 28720102 PMCID: PMC5516328 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental and lifestyle changes, in addition to the ageing of populations, are generally believed to account for the rapid global increase in type 2 diabetes prevalence and incidence in recent decades. DISCUSSION In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of factors contributing to diabetes risk, including aspects of diet quality and quantity, little physical activity, increased monitor viewing time or sitting in general, exposure to noise or fine dust, short or disturbed sleep, smoking, stress and depression, and a low socioeconomic status. In general, these factors promote an increase in body mass index. Since loss of β-cell function is the ultimate cause of developing overt type 2 diabetes, environmental and lifestyle changes must have resulted in a higher risk of β-cell damage in those at genetic risk. Multiple mechanistic pathways may come into play. CONCLUSIONS Strategies of diabetes prevention should aim at promoting a 'diabetes-protective lifestyle' whilst simultaneously enhancing the resistance of the human organism to pro-diabetic environmental and lifestyle factors. More research on diabetes-protective mechanisms seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Stephan Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.,West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591, Duesseldorf, Germany
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26
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Sharif K, Watad A, Bragazzi NL, Adawi M, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Coffee and autoimmunity: More than a mere hot beverage! Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:712-721. [PMID: 28479483 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the world's most consumed beverage. In the last decades, coffee consumption has attracted a huge body of research due to its impact on health. Recent scientific evidences showed that coffee intake could be associated with decreased mortality from cardiovascular and neurological diseases, diabetes type II, as well as from endometrial and liver cancer, among others. In this review, on the basis of available data in the literature, we aimed to investigate the association between coffee intake and its influence on the immune system and the insurgence of the most relevant autoimmune diseases. While some studies reported conflicting results, general trends have been identified. Coffee consumption seems to increase the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). By contrast, coffee consumption may exert a protective role against multiple sclerosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and ulcerative colitis. Concerning other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, primary biliary cholangitis and Crohn's disease, no significant association was found. In other studies, coffee consumption was shown to influence disease course and management options. Coffee intake led to a decrease in insulin sensitivity in T1DM, in methotrexate efficacy in RA, and in levothyroxine absorption in Hashimoto's disease. Further, coffee consumption was associated with cross reactivity with gliadin antibodies in celiac patients. Data on certain autoimmune diseases like systemic sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome, and Behçet's disease, among others, are lacking in the existent literature. As such, further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassem Sharif
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mohammad Adawi
- Padeh and Ziv hospitals, Bar-Ilan Faculty of Medicine, Israel
| | - Howard Amital
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Colin-Benoit E, Friolet R, Rusca M, Teta D, Gobin N. Intoxication sévère à la caféine traitée par hémodialyse et hémodiafiltration. Nephrol Ther 2017; 13:183-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Postprandial Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses to Common Breakfast Beverages Consumed with a Standard Meal in Adults Who Are Overweight and Obese. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010032. [PMID: 28054966 PMCID: PMC5295076 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakfast beverages with different nutrient compositions may affect postprandial glycemic control differently. We assessed the effects of consuming (1) common breakfast beverages (water, sugar-sweetened coffee, reduced-energy orange juice (OJ), and low-fat milk (LFM)); and (2) fat-free, low-fat, and whole milk with breakfast on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses in adults who were overweight/obese. Forty-six subjects (33F/13M, body mass index: 32.5 ± 0.7 kg/m², age: 50 ± 1 years, mean ± SEMs) consumed a standard sandwich with one of the six beverages on separate mornings in randomized order. The test beverages (except water) each contained 12 g digestible carbohydrate. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured from blood obtained pre- and post-meal at 30-min intervals for 4 h and incremental areas under the curve (AUC) were computed. We found (1) among different beverage types, glucose AUC was higher for coffee versus water, OJ, and LFM. Insulin AUC was higher for coffee and LFM versus OJ and water; (2) Glucose AUCs were not different among water and milks while insulin AUC was higher for milks versus water. In conclusion, consumption of water, reduced-energy OJ, or milk (irrespective of fat content) with a meal may be preferable to consuming sugar-sweetened coffee for glucose control in middle-aged adults who are overweight and obese.
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Shi X, Xue W, Liang S, Zhao J, Zhang X. Acute caffeine ingestion reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J 2016; 15:103. [PMID: 28031026 PMCID: PMC5192567 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background According to previous meta-analyses, coffee consumption reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Whether caffeine, the key ingredient in coffee, has a beneficial effect on the glycemic homeostasis and the anti-diabetic effect is particularly controversial. The aim of this study was to summarize the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on insulin sensitivity in healthy men. Methods A comprehensive literature search for papers published before April 2016 was conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effect of caffeine on insulin sensitivity in healthy humans without diabetes were included. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3. Results The search yielded 7 RCTs in which caffeine intake was the single variant. Compared with placebo, caffeine intake significantly decreased the insulin sensitivity index, with a standardized mean difference of −2.06 (95% confidence interval −2.67 to −1.44, I2 = 49%, P for heterogeneity = 0.06). Conclusion Acute caffeine ingestion reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects. Thus, in the short term, caffeine might shift glycemic homeostasis toward hyperglycemia. Long-term trials investigating the role of caffeine in the anti-diabetic effect of coffee are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 43 Daxue Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 43 Daxue Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 43 Daxue Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 43 Daxue Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 43 Daxue Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Di Girolamo FG, Mazzucco S, Situlin R, Mohorko N, Jenko-Pražnikar Z, Petelin A, Tence M, Pišot R, Navarini L, Biolo G. Roasting intensity of naturally low-caffeine Laurina coffee modulates glucose metabolism and redox balance in humans. Nutrition 2016; 32:928-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Buscemi S, Marventano S, Antoci M, Cagnetti A, Castorina G, Galvano F, Marranzano M, Mistretta A. Coffee and metabolic impairment: An updated review of epidemiological studies. NFS JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Lanini J, Galduróz JCF, Pompéia S. Acute personalized habitual caffeine doses improve attention and have selective effects when considering the fractionation of executive functions. Hum Psychopharmacol 2016; 31:29-43. [PMID: 26621326 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is widely used, often consumed with food, and improves simple and complex/executive attention under fasting conditions. We investigated whether these cognitive effects are observed when personalized habitual doses of caffeine are ingested by caffeine consumers, whether they are influenced by nutriments and if various executive domains are susceptible to improvement. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study including 60 young, healthy, rested males randomly assigned to one of four treatments: placebo fasting, caffeine fasting, placebo meal and caffeine meal. Caffeine doses were individualized for each participant based on their self-reported caffeine consumption at the time of testing (morning). The test battery included measures of simple and sustained attention, executive domains (inhibiting, updating, shifting, dual tasking, planning and accessing long-term memory), control measures of subjective alterations, glucose and insulin levels, skin conductance, heart rate and pupil dilation. Regardless of meal intake, acute habitual doses of caffeine decreased fatigue, and improved simple and sustained attention and executive updating. This executive effect was not secondary to the habitual weekly dose consumed, changes in simple and sustained attention, mood, meal ingestion and increases in cognitive effort. We conclude that the morning caffeine "fix" has positive attentional effects and selectively improved executive updating whether or not caffeine is consumed with food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Lanini
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sabine Pompéia
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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Rakvaag E, Dragsted LO. Acute effects of light and dark roasted coffee on glucose tolerance: a randomized, controlled crossover trial in healthy volunteers. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:2221-30. [PMID: 26342706 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological evidence suggests that coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Coffee contains caffeine and several other components that may modulate glucose regulation. The chlorogenic acids (CGA) in coffee have been indicated as constituents that may help to normalize the acute glucose response after a carbohydrate challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate whether two coffee beverages that differ in CGA content due to different roasting degrees will differentially affect glucose regulation. METHODS In a controlled crossover trial, 11 healthy fasted volunteers consumed 300 mL of either light (LIR) or dark (DAR) roasted coffee, or water, followed 30 min later by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Blood samples were drawn at baseline, 30, 60, and 120 min. Differences in glucose and insulin responses and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were analyzed. The CGA and caffeine contents in the coffees were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS No differences in glucose area under the curve (AUC) were found between treatments. Glucose concentrations were higher at 60 min after ingestion of DAR compared with water, while ingestion of LIR showed similar glucose concentrations as ingestion of water. Insulin AUC was higher after ingestion of DAR compared with water, and both coffees raised insulin concentrations and reduced ISI compared with water, with no difference between the two coffees. CONCLUSION Two coffees with different CGA contents did not differentially affect glucose or insulin responses during an OGTT, but both increased the insulin response compared with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Rakvaag
- Institute for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lars Ove Dragsted
- Institute for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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A single serving of caffeinated coffee impairs postprandial glucose metabolism in overweight men. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1218-25. [PMID: 26316273 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515002640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies regarding the acute effects of coffee on glycaemic control have used a single large dose of coffee, typically containing the caffeine equivalent of 2-4 servings of coffee. This study investigates whether the acute effects of coffee are dose-dependent, starting with a single serving. A total of ten healthy overweight males participated in a two-part randomised double-blind cross-over study. In the first part, they ingested 2, 4 or 8 g instant decaffeinated coffee (DC) dissolved in 400 ml water with caffeine added in proportion to the DC (total 100, 200 or 400 mg caffeine) or control (400 ml water) all with 50 g glucose. In the second part, they ingested the same amounts of DC (2, 4, 8 g) or control, but with a standard 100 mg caffeine added to each. Capillary blood samples were taken every 15 min for 2 h after each drink and glucose and insulin levels were measured. Repeated measures ANOVA on glucose results found an effect when caffeine was varied in line with DC (P=0·008). Post hoc analysis revealed that both 2 and 4 g DC with varied caffeine content increased the glycaemic response v. CONTROL There was no effect of escalating doses of DC when caffeine remained constant at 100 mg. These results demonstrate that one standard serving of coffee (2 g) is sufficient to affect glucose metabolism. Furthermore, the amount of caffeine found in one serving (100 mg) is sufficient to mask any potential beneficial effects of increasing other components. No dose-dependent effect was found.
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Nikolac N, Simundic AM, Kackov S, Serdar T, Dorotic A, Fumic K, Gudasic-Vrdoljak J, Klenkar K, Sambunjak J, Vidranski V. The quality and scope of information provided by medical laboratories to patients before laboratory testing: Survey of the Working Group for Patient Preparation of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 450:104-9. [PMID: 26253925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this work was to evaluate to what extent the scope and content of information provided to patients is standardized across medical biochemistry laboratories in Croatia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two on-line self-report surveys were sent out: Survey A regarding attitudes on importance of patient preparation and Survey B on the contents of patient preparation instructions. RESULTS 13/118 laboratories (11%) do not provide written instructions to patients on how to prepare for laboratory testing, and 36 (40%) do not include information about water intake in their instructions. Only half of laboratories provide instructions for prostate-specific antigen (53.8%), female sex hormones (53.7%) and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) (52.5%). Inadequate information about fasting status (55.0%) and 24 hour urine collection (77.9%) were frequent errors with high severity and were associated with the greatest potential to cause patient harm. CONCLUSIONS Laboratory professionals in Croatia have a positive attitude towards the importance of patient preparation for laboratory testing. However, the information for laboratory testing is not standardized and frequently lacks guidance for tests related to TDM, coagulation and endocrinology. This study highlights the need for standardized, updated and evidence-based recommendations for patient preparation in order to minimize the risk for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Nikolac
- University Department of Chemistry, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ana-Maria Simundic
- University Department of Chemistry, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Kackov
- Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Policlinic Bonifarm, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tihana Serdar
- Clinical Department for Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adrijana Dorotic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Dr. Fran Mihaljevic, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ksenija Fumic
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Kornelija Klenkar
- Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, General Hospital Zabok, Zabok, Croatia
| | - Jadranka Sambunjak
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, General Hospital Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Valentina Vidranski
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
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Shearer J, Graham TE. Performance effects and metabolic consequences of caffeine and caffeinated energy drink consumption on glucose disposal. Nutr Rev 2015; 72 Suppl 1:121-36. [PMID: 25293551 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review documents two opposing effects of caffeine and caffeine-containing energy drinks, i.e., their positive effects on athletic performance and their negative impacts on glucose tolerance in the sedentary state. Analysis of studies examining caffeine administration prior to performance-based exercise showed caffeine improved completion time by 3.6%. Similar analyses following consumption of caffeine-containing energy drinks yielded positive, but more varied, benefits, which were likely due to the diverse nature of the studies performed, the highly variable composition of the beverages consumed, and the range of caffeine doses administered. Conversely, analyses of studies administering caffeine prior to either an oral glucose tolerance test or insulin clamp showed a decline in whole-body glucose disposal of ~30%. The consequences of this resistance are unknown, but there may be implications for the development of a number of chronic diseases. Both caffeine-induced performance enhancement and insulin resistance converge with the primary actions of caffeine on skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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37
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Glade MJ, Smith K. A glance at… glycemic index. Nutrition 2015; 31:539-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Palatini P, Benetti E, Mos L, Garavelli G, Mazzer A, Cozzio S, Fania C, Casiglia E. Association of coffee consumption and CYP1A2 polymorphism with risk of impaired fasting glucose in hypertensive patients. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 30:209-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-9990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Palatini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padova, Italy,
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40
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The acute effects of coffee on glucose metabolism. Proc Nutr Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665115000944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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41
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Pham NM, Nanri A, Kochi T, Kuwahara K, Tsuruoka H, Kurotani K, Akter S, Kabe I, Sato M, Hayabuchi H, Mizoue T. Coffee and green tea consumption is associated with insulin resistance in Japanese adults. Metabolism 2014; 63:400-8. [PMID: 24342074 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Higher coffee and green tea consumption has been suggested to decrease risk of type 2 diabetes, but their roles in insulin resistance (IR) and insulin secretion remain unclear. This study examined the association between habitual consumption of these beverages and markers of glucose metabolism in a Japanese working population. MATERIALS/METHODS Participants were 1440 Japanese employees (1151 men and 289 women) aged 18-69years. Consumption of coffee and green tea was ascertained via a validated brief diet history questionnaire. Multilevel linear regression was used to estimate means (95% confidence intervals) of fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with adjustment for potential confounding variables. RESULTS Coffee consumption was significantly, inversely associated with HOMA-IR (P for trend=0.03), and the association appeared to be confined to overweight subjects (BMI≥25kg/m(2)) (P for trend=0.01, P for interaction=0.08). Unexpectedly, green tea consumption was positively associated with HOMA-IR (P for trend=0.02), though there was no dose-response relationship among daily consumers of green tea. Neither coffee nor green tea consumption was associated with HOMA-β and HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that coffee consumption may be associated with decreased IR, but not with insulin secretion. The positive association between green tea consumption and IR warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Minh Pham
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akiko Nanri
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kochi
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuwahara
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsuruoka
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isamu Kabe
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Hayabuchi
- Graduate School of Nutrition and Health Science, Fukuoka Women's University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Pharmacist-Provided Medication Therapy Management (MTM) Program Impacts Outcomes for Employees with Diabetes. Popul Health Manag 2014; 17:21-7. [DOI: 10.1089/pop.2012.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Ludwig IA, Clifford MN, Lean MEJ, Ashihara H, Crozier A. Coffee: biochemistry and potential impact on health. Food Funct 2014; 5:1695-717. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00042k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the diversity of compounds found in coffee beans, the effect of roasting and the potential impact of coffee beverage on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iziar A. Ludwig
- Plant Products and Human Nutrition Group
- North Laboratory
- School of Medicine
- College of Medical
- Veterinary and Life Sciences
| | | | - Michael E. J. Lean
- University of Glasgow College of Medical
- Veterinary and Life Sciences
- Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Hiroshi Ashihara
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Ochanomizu University
- Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Alan Crozier
- Plant Products and Human Nutrition Group
- North Laboratory
- School of Medicine
- College of Medical
- Veterinary and Life Sciences
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Russell WR, Baka A, Björck I, Delzenne N, Gao D, Griffiths HR, Hadjilucas E, Juvonen K, Lahtinen S, Lansink M, Loon LV, Mykkänen H, östman E, Riccardi G, Vinoy S, Weickert MO. Impact of Diet Composition on Blood Glucose Regulation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 56:541-90. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.792772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy R. Russell
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Inger Björck
- Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Delzenne
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dan Gao
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | - Ellie Hadjilucas
- Coca-Cola Europe, Scientific and Regulatory Affairs Department, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristiina Juvonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Mirian Lansink
- Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Van Loon
- Department of Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hannu Mykkänen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elin östman
- Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sophie Vinoy
- Kraft Foods, R&D Centre, Nutrition Department, Saclay, France
| | - Martin O. Weickert
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire and Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Jarrar SF, Obeid OA. Timing of caffeine ingestion alters postprandial metabolism in rats. Nutrition 2013; 30:107-11. [PMID: 24206825 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between caffeine intake and the risk for chronic diseases, namely type 2 diabetes, has not been consistent, and may be influenced by the timing of caffeine ingestion. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of caffeine administered in different scenarios of meal ingestion on postprandial glycemic and lipidemic status, concomitant with changes in body glycogen stores. METHODS Forty overnight-fasted rats were randomly divided into five groups (meal-ingested, caffeine-administered, post-caffeine meal-ingested, co-caffeine meal-ingested, post-meal caffeine-administered), and tube-fed the appropriate intervention, then sacrificed 2 h later. Livers and gastrocnemius muscles were analyzed for glycogen content; blood samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations. RESULTS Postprandial plasma glucose concentrations were similar between groups, while significantly higher levels of insulin were witnessed following caffeine administration, irrespective of the timing of meal ingestion. Triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the caffeine-administered groups. Regarding glycogen status, although caffeine administration before meal ingestion reduced hepatic glycogen content, co- and post-meal caffeine administration failed to produce such an effect. Muscle glycogen content was not significantly affected by caffeine administration. CONCLUSIONS Caffeine administration seems to decrease insulin sensitivity as indicated by the sustenance of glucose status despite the presence of high insulin levels. The lower triglyceride levels in the presence of caffeine support the theory of retarded postprandial triglyceride absorption. Caffeine seems to play a biphasic role in glucose metabolism, as indicated by its ability to variably influence hepatic glycogen status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Farhat Jarrar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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46
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Guarino MP, Ribeiro MJ, Sacramento JF, Conde SV. Chronic caffeine intake reverses age-induced insulin resistance in the rat: effect on skeletal muscle Glut4 transporters and AMPK activity. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1755-1765. [PMID: 22976123 PMCID: PMC3776116 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of caffeine consumption on insulin action is still under debate. The hypothesis that chronic caffeine intake reverses aging-induced insulin resistance in the rat was tested in this work. The mechanism by which caffeine restores insulin sensitivity was also investigated. Six groups of rats were used: 3 months old (3 M), 3 months old caffeine-treated (3MCaf), 12 months old (12 M), 12 months old caffeine-treated (12MCaf), 24 months old (24 M), and 24 months old caffeine-treated (24MCaf). Caffeine was administered in drinking water (1 g/l) during 15 days. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by means of the insulin tolerance test. Blood pressure, body weight, visceral and total fat, fasting glycemia and insulinemia, plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), cortisol, nitric oxide, and catecholamines were monitored. Skeletal muscle Glut4 and 5'-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein expression and activity were also assessed. Aged rats exhibited diminished insulin sensitivity accompanied by hyperinsulinemia and normoglycemia, increased visceral and total fat, decreased TAC and plasma catecholamines, and also decreased skeletal muscle Glut4 and AMPK protein expression. Chronic caffeine intake restored insulin sensitivity and regularized circulating insulin and NEFA in both aging models. Caffeine neither modified skeletal muscle AMPK expression nor activity in aged rats; however, it decreased visceral and total fat in 12 M rats and it restored skeletal muscle Glut4 expression to control values in 24 M rats. We concluded that chronic caffeine intake reverses aging-induced insulin resistance in rats by decreasing NEFA production and also by increasing Glut4 expression in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Guarino
- />CEDOC, Departamento de Fisiopatologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Ribeiro
- />CEDOC, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana F. Sacramento
- />CEDOC, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sílvia V. Conde
- />CEDOC, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
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Bidel S, Tuomilehto J. The Emerging Health Benefits of Coffee with an Emphasis on Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. EUROPEAN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2013; 9:99-106. [PMID: 29922362 PMCID: PMC6003581 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2013.09.02.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Debate persists whether coffee is beneficial or problematic for human health. Coffee consumption has been associated with a decrease in risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that healthy, habitual coffee drinkers are more protected from the risk of contracting diabetes than individuals who do not drink coffee. Coffee consumption has been associated with a reduced incidence of impaired glucose tolerance, hyperglycaemia and insulin sensitivity. Data suggest that several coffee components, such as chlorogenic acids, are involved in the health benefits of coffee. Various mechanisms for this protective effect have been proposed, including effects on incretin release, liver glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Epidemiological data support numerous other health benefits for coffee, including reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD), a protective effect against some neurodegenerative conditions, a favourable effect on liver function and a protective effect against certain cancers These associations are based mainly on observational studies and are currently insufficient to recommend coffee consumption as an interventional strategy for risk reduction in type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases While excessive consumption can have adverse effects on some conditions, particularly in terms of sleep quality, these effects vary among individuals and most people do not have any symptoms from coffee drinking. Moderate coffee consumption is associated with no or little risk of severe diseases and may offer substantial health benefits. Thus, coffee is a safe, low-energy beverage and suitable for most adult people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Bidel
- National institute for Health and Welfare and Hjelt institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Austria; Red RECAVA Grupo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Young HA, Benton D. Caffeine can decrease subjective energy depending on the vehicle with which it is consumed and when it is measured. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 228:243-54. [PMID: 23455596 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Energy drinks contain glucose and caffeine, although in the longer term both adversely influence blood glucose homeostasis, with the unconsidered potential to have adverse consequences for cognition and mood. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to consider the influence on interstitial glucose levels, mood and cognition of drinks differing in their caffeine content and glycaemic load. METHODS Ninety minutes after a standard breakfast, a yoghurt-, glucose- or water-based drink, with or without 80 mg of caffeine, was consumed. RESULTS The consumption of caffeine negatively influenced glucose homeostasis: that is, irrespective of the vehicle, caffeine consumption resulted in elevated levels of blood glucose throughout the study. Thirty minutes after consuming caffeine and water, rather than water alone, greater subjective energy was reported. However, after 90 and 150 min, caffeine administered in water increased tiredness, hostility and confusion. In contrast, combining caffeine with a yoghurt-based drink increased energy, agreeableness and clearheadedness later in the morning. There were no effects of caffeine on ratings of mood when it was taken with glucose. Caffeine, irrespective of vehicle, resulted in better memory, quicker reaction times in the choice reaction time test and the working memory task, and better and quicker responses with the vigilance task. CONCLUSION Further research should consider how caffeine interacts with macronutrients and the timescale over which such effects occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Swansea, Wales, UK
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Jones JM. Concerns about Adding Glycemic Index Values for Use in the NHANES Database. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013; 113:767-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Heroin dependence duration influences the metabolic parameters: mechanisms and consequences of impaired insulin sensitivity in hepatitis C virus seronegative heroin dependents. J Addict Med 2013; 6:304-10. [PMID: 23013781 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0b013e31826bd76c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carbohydrate metabolism disorder in heroin dependence is an issue with long history and contradicting results. The aim of the study was to evaluate basal insulin sensitivity in hepatitis C virus seronegative heroin dependents with normal body mass index, taking into consideration the duration of heroin dependence. METHOD 78 heroin dependents and 32 healthy controls were enrolled in the cross-sectional, prospective study. The dependents were observed in 2 groups: group 1 with dependence duration less than or equal to 3 years and group 2 with more than 3 years. Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-B%) were used to define basal glucose-insulin homeostasis. RESULTS The group with longer dependence duration had HOMA-IR (2.23 ± 3.15) significantly higher compared with the control group (1.23 ± 0.53, P = 0.016) but lower compared with the group with the shorter dependence duration (2.65 ± 2.66, P = 0.024), after adjustment for HOMA-B%, waist circumference, and aspartate aminotransferase. The decrease in HOMA-IR during prolonged heroin addiction was significantly associated with the reduced β-cell function (P < 0.001) and waist circumference (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Heroin dependence is associated with increased insulin resistance in hepatitis C virus seronegative heroin dependents. Prolonged heroin use is associated with reduction of basal β-cell pancreatic function with decreased insulin resistance controlled for waist circumference, but still inducing significantly decreased basal insulin sensitivity.
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