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Baliou S, Ioannou P, Apetroaei MM, Vakonaki E, Fragkiadaki P, Kirithras E, Tzatzarakis MN, Arsene AL, Docea AO, Tsatsakis A. The Impact of the Mediterranean Diet on Telomere Biology: Implications for Disease Management-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2525. [PMID: 39125404 PMCID: PMC11313773 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes at the ends of chromosomes that are under the control of genetic and environmental triggers. Accelerated telomere shortening is causally implicated in the increasing incidence of diseases. The Mediterranean diet has recently been identified as one that confers protection against diseases. This review aimed to identify the effect of each component of the Mediterranean diet on telomere length dynamics, highlighting the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS PubMed was searched to identify relevant studies to extract data for conducting a narrative review. RESULTS The Mediterranean diet alleviates clinical manifestations in many diseases. Focusing on autoimmune diseases, the Mediterranean diet can be protective by preventing inflammation, mitochondrial malfunction, and abnormal telomerase activity. Also, each Mediterranean diet constituent seems to attenuate aging through the sustenance or elongation of telomere length, providing insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. Polyphenols, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids seem to be essential in telomere homeostasis, since they inhibit inflammatory responses, DNA damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial malfunction, and cell death and induce telomerase activation. CONCLUSIONS The Mediterranean diet is beneficial for maintaining telomere dynamics and alleviating age-related illnesses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of cross-sectional, observational, and randomized controlled trials regarding the beneficial impact of every constituent in the Mediterranean diet on telomere length and chronic disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (S.B.); (E.V.); (P.F.); (E.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
- Lifeplus S.A., Science & Technological Park of Crete, C Building, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Miruna-Maria Apetroaei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (S.B.); (E.V.); (P.F.); (E.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
- Lifeplus S.A., Science & Technological Park of Crete, C Building, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (S.B.); (E.V.); (P.F.); (E.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
- Lifeplus S.A., Science & Technological Park of Crete, C Building, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kirithras
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (S.B.); (E.V.); (P.F.); (E.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
- Lifeplus S.A., Science & Technological Park of Crete, C Building, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (S.B.); (E.V.); (P.F.); (E.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Andreea Letitia Arsene
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Petru Rares, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (S.B.); (E.V.); (P.F.); (E.K.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
- Lifeplus S.A., Science & Technological Park of Crete, C Building, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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Gajdošová L, Katrenčíková B, Borbélyová V, Muchová J. The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Exercise on Locomotor Activity, Exploratory Activity, and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Adult and Aged Rats. Physiol Res 2024; 73:461-480. [PMID: 39012176 PMCID: PMC11299774 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable and complex biological process that is associated with a gradual decline in physiological functions and a higher disease susceptibility. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid, play a crucial role in maintaining brain health and their deficiency is linked to age-related cognitive decline. Combining omega-3-rich diets with exercise may enhance cognitive function more effectively, as both share overlapping neurobiological and physiological effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise and omega-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation in two different doses (160 mg/kg and 320 mg/kg) on anxiety-like behavior and cognitive abilities in both adult and aged rats. Male Wistar rats (4-5- and 23-24-month-old) were randomly divided into seven groups: 3-week control supplemented with placebo without exercise, low-dose omega-3 FAs, high-dose omega-3 FAs, 7-week control supplemented with placebo without exercise, exercise-only, low-dose omega-3 FAs with exercise, and high-dose omega-3 FAs with exercise. The administered oil contained omega-3 FAs with DHA:EPA in a ratio of 1.5:1. Our results indicate that aging negatively impacts the locomotor and exploratory activity of rats. In adult rats, a low dose of omega-3 FAs reduces locomotor activity when combined with exercise while high dose of omega-3 FAs reduces anxiety-like behavior and improves recognition memory when combined with exercise. The combination of omega-3 FAs and exercise had varying impacts on behavior, suggesting a need for further research in this area to fully understand their therapeutic efficacy in the context of cognitive changes associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gajdošová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Lin F, Shi Y, Zheng J, Li Y, Chen X, Zou X, Hong Y, Chen K, Zeng Y, Ye Q, Chen X, Chen X, Wang Y, Cai G. Fish oil supplementation, physical activity and risk of incident Parkinson's disease: results of longitudinal analysis from the UK Biobank. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1304629. [PMID: 38348197 PMCID: PMC10859434 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1304629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Evidence on the individual and combined relationship of physical activity (PA) and fish oil supplement use on the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) risk remains lacking. Materials and methods This UK population-based prospective cohort study, involving 385,275 UK Biobank participants, collected PA and fish oil supplement data via touchscreen questionnaires. Using Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines to examined the associations between use of fish oil supplements, PA and PD risk. Results During a median 12.52-year follow-up, 2,131 participants incident PD. Analysis showed that fish oil supplement users had a lower PD risk [hazard ratio (HR), 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82-0.98]. The adjusted HRs for the PD incidence were 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95-0.98) for total PA; 0.93 (95% CI, 0.90-0.96) for moderate PA; 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91-0.99) for vigorous PA and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89-0.98) for walking activity. Significant interactions were found between fish oil supplement use and total PA (P for interaction = 0.011), moderate PA (P for interaction = 0.015), and walking activity (P for interaction = 0.029) in relation to PD incidence. Conclusion Both fish oil supplement use and PA were associated with a reduced risk of PD, and the effect of PA in reducing the risk of PD was more pronounced when fish oil supplement was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yisen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yueping Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuanjie Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Zou
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Hong
- School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guoen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Welty FK, Daher R, Garelnabi M. Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Sex and Racial Differences in Cardiovascular Outcomes and Cognitive Function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:89-107. [PMID: 37916414 PMCID: PMC10794037 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive decline are common features of aging. One in 5 deaths is cardiac for both men and women in the United States, and an estimated 50 million are currently living with dementia worldwide. In this review, we summarize sex and racial differences in the role of fish and its very long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in preventing CVD events and cognitive decline. In prospective studies, women with higher nonfried and fatty fish intake and women and Black individuals with higher plasma levels of EPA and DHA had a lower risk of CVD. In randomized controlled trials of EPA and DHA supplementation in primary CVD prevention, Black subjects benefited in a secondary outcome. In secondary CVD prevention, both men and women benefited, and Asians benefited as a prespecified subgroup. Fish and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with prevention of cognitive decline in prospective studies. In randomized controlled trials of EPA and DHA supplementation, women have cognitive benefit. DHA seems more beneficial than EPA, and supplementation is more beneficial when started before cognitive decline. Although studies in women and racial groups are limited, life-long intake of nonfried and fatty fish lowers the risk of CVD and cognitive decline, and randomized controlled trials also show the benefit of EPA and DHA supplementation. These findings should be factored into recommendations for future research and clinical recommendations as dietary modalities could be cost-effective for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine K Welty
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston (F.K.W.)
| | - Ralph Daher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, NJ (R.D.)
| | - Mahdi Garelnabi
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, U Mass Lowell Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts (M.G.)
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Yassine HN, Carrasco AS, Badie DS. Designing Newer Omega-3 Supplementation Trials for Cognitive Outcomes: A Systematic Review Guided Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 101:S455-S466. [PMID: 39422948 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Epidemiology cohorts reveal associations between levels or intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the results of randomized clinical trials have been inconsistent. Objective A systematic review was performed to understand the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on cognition in adults. The objective was to present suggestions for new study designs to translate epidemiological findings into effective clinical trials. Methods A database search was conducted on PubMed (MEDLINE) and Web of Science to retrieve articles published between 2000 and 2023 that evaluated the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on cognitive function. Subsequently, the search results were filtered to collect randomized controlled trials with 100 or more participants, n-3 PUFA supplementation was one of the interventions, cognition was an outcome of interest, and participants were at least 18 years of age. Results A total of 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. In 5 of the 24 studies reviewed, supplementation with n-3 PUFAs improved cognition. All four trials in persons with AD reported null outcomes. Most of the n-3 PUFA studies in cognitively normal individuals or participants with mild cognitive impairment were null, not powered to detect small effect sizes, or selected participants without dementia risk factors. Conclusions We recommend that newer n-3 PUFA supplement trials targeting AD prevention be personalized. For the general population, the null hypothesis appears to be correct, and future interventions are needed to identify and test dietary patterns that include PUFA-rich food rather than supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Sofia Carrasco
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S Badie
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zhang X, Yuan T, Chen X, Liu X, Hu J, Liu Z. Effects of DHA on cognitive dysfunction in aging and Alzheimer's disease: The mediating roles of ApoE. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101256. [PMID: 37890592 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to rise due to the increasing aging population. Among the various genetic factors associated with AD, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a lipid transporter, stands out as the primary genetic risk factor. Specifically, individuals carrying the ApoE4 allele exhibit a significantly higher risk. However, emerging research indicates that dietary factors play a prominent role in modifying the risk of AD. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a prominent ω-3 fatty acid, has garnered considerable attention for its potential to ameliorate cognitive function. The intricate interplay between DHA and the ApoE genotype within the brain, which may influence DHA's utilization and functionality, warrants further investigation. This review meticulously examines experimental and clinical studies exploring the effects of DHA on cognitive decline. Special emphasis is placed on elucidating the role of ApoE gene polymorphism and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. These studies suggest that early DHA supplementation may confer benefits to cognitively normal older adults carrying the ApoE4 gene. However, once AD develops, ApoE4 non-carriers may experience greater benefits compared to ApoE4 carriers, although the overall effectiveness of DHA supplementation at this stage is limited. Potential mechanisms underlying these differential effects may include accelerated DHA catabolism in ApoE4 carriers, impaired transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and compromised lipidation and circulatory function in ApoE4 carriers. Thus, the supplementation of DHA may represent a potential intervention strategy aimed at compensating for these deficiencies in ApoE4 carriers prior to the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China; Dongguan Chuangwei Precision Nutrition and Health Innovation Center, Dongguan, Guangdong 523170, China; Shaanxi Precision Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710300, China.
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Bray EE, Raichlen DA, Forsyth KK, Promislow DEL, Alexander GE, MacLean EL. Associations between physical activity and cognitive dysfunction in older companion dogs: results from the Dog Aging Project. GeroScience 2023; 45:645-661. [PMID: 36129565 PMCID: PMC9886770 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is a form of dementia that shares many similarities with Alzheimer's disease. Given that physical activity is believed to reduce risk of Alzheimer's disease in humans, we explored the association between physical activity and cognitive health in a cohort of companion dogs, aged 6-18 years. We hypothesized that higher levels of physical activity would be associated with lower (i.e., better) scores on a cognitive dysfunction rating instrument and lower prevalence of dementia, and that this association would be robust when controlling for age, comorbidities, and other potential confounders. Our sample included 11,574 companion dogs enrolled through the Dog Aging Project, of whom 287 had scores over the clinical threshold for CCD. In this observational, cross-sectional study, we used owner-reported questionnaire data to quantify dog cognitive health (via a validated scale), physical activity levels, health conditions, training history, and dietary supplements. We fit regression models with measures of cognitive health as the outcome, and physical activity-with several important covariates-as predictors. We found a significant negative relationship between physical activity and current severity of cognitive dysfunction symptoms (estimate = - 0.10, 95% CI: - 0.11 to - 0.08, p < 0.001), extent of symptom worsening over a 6-month interval (estimate = - 0.07, 95% CI: - 0.09 to - 0.05, p < 0.001), and whether a dog reached a clinical level of CCD (odds ratio = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.63, p < 0.001). Physical activity was robustly associated with better cognitive outcomes in dogs. Our findings illustrate the value of companion dogs as a model for investigating relationships between physical activity and cognitive aging, including aspects of dementia that may have translational potential for Alzheimer's disease. While the current study represents an important first step in identifying a relationship between physical activity and cognitive function, it cannot determine causality. Future studies are needed to rule out reverse causation by following the same dogs prospectively over time, and to evaluate causality by administering physical activity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Bray
- Arizona Canine Cognition Center, School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Canine Companions for Independence, National Headquarters, Santa Rosa, CA, USA.
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kiersten K Forsyth
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, M University, Texas A &, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Evan L MacLean
- Arizona Canine Cognition Center, School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Cognitive Science Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Andriambelo B, Stiffel M, Roke K, Plourde M. New perspectives on randomized controlled trials with omega-3 fatty acid supplements and cognition: A scoping review. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101835. [PMID: 36603691 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Long chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are known to be important components in a healthy diet and contribute to healthy functioning of the heart and the brain, among other organs. Although there are epidemiological studies on the strong relationship between fish or n-3 FA consumption and lower risk of cognitive decline, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are less consistent. Here, we performed a scoping review on RCTs with n-3 FA supplementation where cognition was evaluated. Seventy-eight RCTs published before April 2022 were included in this review. Among these RCTs, 43.6% reported a positive cognitive outcome after the consumption of n-3 FA compared to the placebo. However, there was a large diversity of populations studied (age ranges and health status), wide range of doses of EPA + DHA supplemented (79 mg/day - 5200 mg/day) and a multitude of tests evaluating cognition, mainly diagnostic tests, that were used to assess cognitive scores and overall cognitive status. RCTs were thereafter categorized into non-cognitively impaired middle-aged adults (n = 24), non-cognitively impaired older adults (n = 24), adults with subjective memory complaints (n = 14), adults with mild cognitive impairments (MCI, n = 9) and people with diagnosed dementia or other cognitive changes (n = 7). Among these categories, 66.7% of RCTs conducted with MCI adults reported a positive cognitive outcome when supplemented with n-3 FA vs. the placebo. Therefore, this scoping review provides rationale and questions to a) strengthen the design of future RCTs with n-3 FA for cognitive outcomes, and b) generate more informative data to support clinicians in their practice in assessing cognition before and after a nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Andriambelo
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - M Stiffel
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - K Roke
- GOED- Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - M Plourde
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, QC, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim is to provide an update on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in preventing cognitive decline and dementia. RECENT FINDINGS Prospective studies and three new meta-analyses suggest that fish or n-3 PUFA intake are associated with a reduction in development of mild cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in those with mild cognitive impairment showed benefit on cognitive decline, whereas there was no benefit in Alzheimer's disease. In cognitively healthy individuals with clinical coronary artery disease (CAD), 3.36 g EPA and DHA daily slowed cognitive ageing by 2.5 years. Of 15 RCTs in cognitively healthy individuals age more than 55 years, seven reported benefit, whereas eight did not. Potential mechanisms for differences in outcomes include dose, trial duration, apolipoproteinE genotype, sex, stage and rate of cognitive decline, cognitive testing employed and individual characteristics. The downstream product of DHA, neuroprotectin D1, may be involved in beneficial effects. SUMMARY Patients with early memory complaints or a family history of dementia and those with CAD should be counselled on the potential benefits of fish intake and supplementation with n-3 PUFA. ApolipoproteinE4 carriers may especially benefit from DHA supplementation prior to development of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine K Welty
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Coley N, Giulioli C, Aisen PS, Vellas B, Andrieu S. Randomised controlled trials for the prevention of cognitive decline or dementia: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101777. [PMID: 36336171 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dementia prevention research has progressed rapidly in recent years, with publication of several large lifestyle intervention trials, and renewed interest in pharmacological interventions, notably for individuals with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, warranting an updated review of results and methodology. We identified 112 completed trials testing the efficacy of single-domain pharmacological (n = 33, 29%), nutritional (n = 27, 24%), physical activity (n = 18, 16%) and cognitive stimulation (n = 13, 12%), or multidomain (n = 22, 20%) interventions on incident dementia, or a relevant intermediate marker (e.g. cognitive function, biomarkers or dementia risk scores) in people without dementia. The earliest trials tested pharmacological interventions or nutritional supplements, but lifestyle interventions predominated in the last decade. In total, 21 (19%) trials demonstrated a clear beneficial effect on the pre-specified primary outcome (or all co-primary outcomes), but only two (10%) were large-scale (testing blood pressure lowering (Syst-Eur) or multidomain (FINGER) interventions on incident dementia and cognitive change in cognitive function, respectively). Of the 116 ongoing trials, 40% (n = 46) are testing multidomain interventions. Recent methodological shifts concern target populations, primary outcome measures, and intervention design, but study design remains constant (parallel group randomised controlled trial). Future trials may consider using adaptive trials or interventions, and more targeted approaches, since certain interventions may be more effective in certain subgroups of the population, and at specific times in the life-course. Efforts should also be made to increase the representativeness and diversity of prevention trial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Coley
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1295, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
| | - Caroline Giulioli
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1295, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1295, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France; Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Sandrine Andrieu
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1295, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal and Geriatric Medicine, University of New Mexico, USA
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11
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da Silva Batista E, Nakandakari SCBR, Ramos da Silva AS, Pauli JR, Pereira de Moura L, Ropelle ER, Camargo EA, Cintra DE. Omega-3 pleiad: The multipoint anti-inflammatory strategy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4817-4832. [PMID: 36382659 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2146044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Omega 3 (ω3) fatty acids have been described since the 1980s as promising anti-inflammatory substances. Prostaglandin and leukotriene modulation were exhaustively explored as the main reason for ω3 beneficial outcomes. However, during the early 2000s, after the human genome decoding advent, the nutrigenomic approaches exhibited an impressive plethora of ω3 targets, now under the molecular point of view. Different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) recognizing ω3 and its derivatives appear to be responsible for blocking inflammation and insulin-sensitizing effects. A new class of ω3-derived substances, such as maresins, resolvins, and protectins, increases ω3 actions. Inflammasome disruption, the presence of GPR120 on immune cell surfaces, and intracellular crosstalk signaling mediated by PPARγ compose the last discoveries regarding the multipoint anti-inflammatory targets for this nutrient. This review shows a detailed mechanistic proposal to understand ω3 fatty acid action over the inflammatory environment in the background of several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellencristina da Silva Batista
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Susana Castelo Branco Ramos Nakandakari
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enilton A Camargo
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Dighriri IM, Alsubaie AM, Hakami FM, Hamithi DM, Alshekh MM, Khobrani FA, Dalak FE, Hakami AA, Alsueaadi EH, Alsaawi LS, Alshammari SF, Alqahtani AS, Alawi IA, Aljuaid AA, Tawhari MQ. Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Brain Functions: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e30091. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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13
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Macpherson H, Brownell S, Harris E, Duckham RL, O’Connell S, Meyer BJ, Mirzaee S, Daly RM. Effects of a 6-Month Multifaceted Diet and Exercise Intervention on Cognition in Older Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decline: The PONDER Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:247-263. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Multidomain interventions which incorporate exercise and dietary supplementation to target both cognitive and physical health domains may be an important approach to delay cognitive decline. Objective: The Protein Omega-3 aNd vitamin D Exercise Research (PONDER) study investigated the effects of a 6-month multifaceted intervention in community-dwelling older adults with subjective memory impairment on cognition (primary outcome), physical function, and body composition with a further 6-month follow up for cognition (secondary outcomes). Methods: Single-center, community-based, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving a 6-month multifaceted intervention with a further follow-up at 12 months. A total of 147 participants [mean age 70.2 years (SD 6.1), 70% female] were randomized to a multimodal exercise program consisting of twice-weekly supervised resistance and aerobic training, combined with a daily omega-3 (900 mg EPA, 600 mg DHA), vitamin D (1000 IU) and protein (20 g) supplement (n = 73), or a control condition (n = 74) comprising stretching/flexibility sessions combined with a placebo. The primary outcome was a composite CogState measure and Trail-Making Test B-A. Results: There were no significant between-group differences in the change of cognition at 6 or 12 months or physical function outcomes at 6 months, but the intervention significantly improved total lean mass compared to controls [0.72 kg (95% CI 0.26–1.19), p = 0.001]. Conclusion: A multi-faceted intervention including an omega-3, vitamin D and protein-enriched supplement with twice-weekly exercise training did not provide any benefits to cognitive or physical function in older adults with subjective memory impairment, despite improvements in lean mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sarah Brownell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Harris
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Rachel L. Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stella O’Connell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Barbara J. Meyer
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Science, Molecular Horizons, Lipid Research Centre, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sam Mirzaee
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, MonashHEART, Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M. Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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14
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Mengelberg A, Leathem J, Podd J, Hill S, Conlon C. The effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on cognition and well-being in mild cognitive impairment: A 12-month randomised controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37:10.1002/gps.5707. [PMID: 35373862 PMCID: PMC9321856 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several recent clinical trials have shown that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplements have a significant effect on cognition in cognitively impaired older adults. This randomised controlled trial aimed to investigate the cognitive effects of a DHA fish oil supplement in older adults with mild cognitive impairment, and to examine the moderating effect of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele on cognition and well-being. METHODS/DESIGN Seventy-two older adults between the ages of 60 and 90 from New Zealand were given a DHA supplement equivalent to 1491 mg DHA + 351 mg eicosapentaenoic acid per day or a placebo for a period of 12 months. Outcome measures included cognition, wellbeing and self-rated quality of life as well as height, weight, blood pressure and APOE genotyping. RESULTS The final analysis (n = 60) found no evidence of a treatment effect on cognitive measures, although did find a treatment effect on systolic blood pressure (p = 0.03, ƞ2 = 0.08), and a treatment interaction for APOE ɛ4 carriers on depression (p = 0.04, ƞ2 = 0.07) and anxiety (p = 0.02, ƞ2 = 0.09) scores in favour of the DHA supplement. CONCLUSIONS Despite no effect on cognition, the positive result in APOE ɛ4 carriers on depression and anxiety scores and on systolic blood pressure justifies further DHA trials. It may be a prudent step going forward for more studies to replicate the design elements (dose, duration and cognitive measures) of previous DHA trials to help understand why not all older adults appear to benefit from taking a fish oil supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Mengelberg
- School of PsychologyMassey University WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Janet Leathem
- School of PsychologyMassey University WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - John Podd
- School of PsychologyMassey University ManawatuPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Stephen Hill
- School of PsychologyMassey University ManawatuPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Cathryn Conlon
- School of Sport, Exercise and NutritionMassey University AlbanyAucklandNew Zealand
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15
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Chen Y, Hamidu S, Yang X, Yan Y, Wang Q, Li L, Oduro PK, Li Y. Dietary Supplements and Natural Products: An Update on Their Clinical Effectiveness and Molecular Mechanisms of Action During Accelerated Biological Aging. Front Genet 2022; 13:880421. [PMID: 35571015 PMCID: PMC9096086 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.880421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated biological aging, which involves the gradual decline of organ or tissue functions and the distortion of physiological processes, underlies several human diseases. Away from the earlier free radical concept, telomere attrition, cellular senescence, proteostasis loss, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, and epigenetic and genomic alterations have emerged as biological hallmarks of aging. Moreover, nutrient-sensing metabolic pathways are critical to an organism's ability to sense and respond to nutrient levels. Pharmaceutical, genetic, and nutritional interventions reverting physiological declines by targeting nutrient-sensing metabolic pathways can promote healthy aging and increase lifespan. On this basis, biological aging hallmarks and nutrient-sensing dependent and independent pathways represent evolving drug targets for many age-linked diseases. Here, we discuss and update the scientific community on contemporary advances in how dietary supplements and natural products beneficially revert accelerated biological aging processes to retrograde human aging and age-dependent human diseases, both from the clinical and preclinical studies point-of-view. Overall, our review suggests that dietary/natural products increase healthspan-rather than lifespan-effectively minimizing the period of frailty at the end of life. However, real-world setting clinical trials and basic studies on dietary supplements and natural products are further required to decisively demonstrate whether dietary/natural products could promote human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sherif Hamidu
- Clinical Pathology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Xintong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Patrick Kwabena Oduro
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Clinical Pathology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Yuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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16
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Mora I, Arola L, Caimari A, Escoté X, Puiggròs F. Structured Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Improvement of Cognitive Function during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3472. [PMID: 35408832 PMCID: PMC8998232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the human lifespan has increased in the past century owing to advances in medicine and lifestyle, the human healthspan has not kept up the same pace, especially in brain aging. Consequently, the role of preventive health interventions has become a crucial strategy, in particular, the identification of nutritional compounds that could alleviate the deleterious effects of aging. Among nutrients to cope with aging in special cognitive decline, the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have emerged as very promising ones. Due to their neuroinflammatory resolving effects, an increased status of DHA and EPA in the elderly has been linked to better cognitive function and a lower risk of dementia. However, the results from clinical studies do not show consistent evidence and intake recommendations for old adults are lacking. Recently, supplementation with structured forms of EPA and DHA, which can be derived natural forms or targeted structures, have proven enhanced bioavailability and powerful benefits. This review summarizes present and future perspectives of new structures of ω-3 LCPUFAs and the role of "omic" technologies combined with the use of high-throughput in vivo models to shed light on the relationships and underlying mechanisms between ω-3 LCPUFAs and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Mora
- Brudy Technology S.L., 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Francesc Puiggròs
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain
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17
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Maltais M, Lorrain D, Léveillé P, Viens I, Vachon A, Houeto A, Presse N, Plourde M. Long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and cognitive performance throughout adulthood: A 6-month randomized controlled trial. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 178:102415. [PMID: 35338847 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation improve cognitive performance and if apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype or age were effect modifiers. METHODS Healthy adults of 20 to 80 years old (n = 193) were completed a 6-month double-blind randomized controlled trial with two groups: 2.5 g/day of n-3 PUFA or a placebo. Primary outcomes were visuospatial ability and working memory and secondary outcomes were episodic memory and executive function, measured at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS Cognitive performances did not significantly differ between groups on primary or secondary outcomes after 6 months of treatment. APOE carriers and age were not effect modifiers for any outcomes. Those with low episodic memory scores and taking the n-3 PUFA supplement, significantly improved their scores (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS A 6-month n-3 PUFA supplementation did not improve cognitive performance in cognitively healthy adults and APOE status or age were not effect modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Maltais
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Lorrain
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Département de Psychologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pauline Léveillé
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Viens
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Annick Vachon
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anita Houeto
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Presse
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud de l'Ile-de-Montréal, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Kühn L, MacIntyre UE, Kotzé C, Becker PJ, Wenhold FAM. Twelve Weeks of Additional Fish Intake Improves the Cognition of Cognitively Intact, Resource-Limited Elderly People: A Randomized Control Trial. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:119-126. [PMID: 35166302 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may reduce the risk of dementia. Many studies have investigated PUFA supplementation in high-income countries, yet food-based randomized control trials using omega 3 PUFA rich fish in lower to middle income countries, are lacking. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect on cognition of adding either fish or non-fish foods for twelve weeks to an enhanced diet of cognitively intact, independently living, resource-limited elderly people. DESIGN Randomized control trial (National Health Trial register: DOH-27-061-6026). SETTING Retirement center in urban South Africa. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-seven (74% female, mean age: 72±7 years) elderly participants with cognitive function exceeding 22 on the Mini Mental State Examination were randomized into an intervention (n=31) and control (n=26) group. INTERVENTION The usual diets of both groups were enhanced with context-appropriate foods to mimic elements of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet. The intervention group additionally received canned pilchards and fish spread every week amounting to an additional (theoretical) intake of 2.2g omega 3 PUFA daily. The control group received canned meatballs and texturized soya every week. MEASUREMENTS Cognition was measured twice before and once after the intervention phase using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). Adherence was assessed by a study-specific food frequency questionnaire and red blood cell (RBC) PUFA biomarkers. Data were analyzed using a non-parametric analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with, and without, bootstrap imputation. RESULTS Participants in the intervention group had a significantly higher post intervention (P=0.036) CASI score than the control group, when the model was fitted with imputation and controlled for baseline scores. Participants in the intervention group also had a significantly higher intake of calculated dietary omega 3 PUFA and higher levels of RBC eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid content than the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Twelve weeks of fish intake in the context of a modified MIND diet may improve the cognition of cognitively intact, resource-limited elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kühn
- Lizette Kühn, University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa,
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19
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Liu X, Zhuang P, Li Y, Wu F, Wan X, Zhang Y, Jiao J. Association of fish oil supplementation with risk of incident dementia: A prospective study of 215,083 older adults. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:589-598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gutierrez L, Folch A, Rojas M, Cantero JL, Atienza M, Folch J, Camins A, Ruiz A, Papandreou C, Bulló M. Effects of Nutrition on Cognitive Function in Adults with or without Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113728. [PMID: 34835984 PMCID: PMC8621754 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New dietary approaches for the prevention of cognitive impairment are being investigated. However, evidence from dietary interventions is mainly from food and nutrient supplement interventions, with inconsistent results and high heterogeneity between trials. We conducted a comprehensive systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in MEDLINE-PubMed, from January 2018 to July 2021, investigating the impact of dietary counseling, as well as food-based and dietary supplement interventions on cognitive function in adults with or without cognitive impairment. Based on the search strategy, 197 eligible publications were used for data abstraction. Finally, 61 articles were included in the analysis. There was reasonable evidence that dietary patterns, as well as food and dietary supplements improved cognitive domains or measures of brain integrity. The Mediterranean diet showed promising results, whereas the role of the DASH diet was not clear. Healthy food consumption improved cognitive function, although the quality of these studies was relatively low. The role of dietary supplements was mixed, with strong evidence of the benefits of polyphenols and combinations of nutrients, but with low evidence for PUFAs, vitamin D, specific protein, amino acids, and other types of supplements. Further well-designed RCTs are needed to guide the development of dietary approaches for the prevention of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gutierrez
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Alexandre Folch
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Melina Rojas
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - José Luis Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.L.C.); (M.A.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.L.C.); (M.A.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Jaume Folch
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Antoni Camins
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
- ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christopher Papandreou
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-97-775-9388
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21
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Abstract
With growing and ageing populations, the incidence of dementia is expected to triple globally by 2050. In the absence of effective drugs to treat or reverse the syndrome, dietary approaches which prevent or delay disease onset have considerable population health potential. Prospective epidemiological studies and mechanistic insight from experimental models strongly support a positive effect of a high fish and long chain n-3 fatty acid (EPA and DHA) intake on a range of cognitive outcomes and dementia risk, with effect sizes equivalent to several years of ageing between the highest and lowest consumers. As reviewed here, an effect of EPA and DHA on neuroinflammation and oxylipin production is likely to in part mediate the neurophysiological benefits. However, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with EPA and DHA supplementation have produced mixed findings. Insight into the likely modulators of response to intervention and factors which should be considered for future RCTs are given. Furthermore, the impact of APOE genotype on disease risk and response to EPA and DHA supplementation is summarised. The prevalence of dementia is several-fold higher in APOE4 females (about 13% Caucasian populations) relative to the general population, who are emerging as a subgroup who may particularly benefit from DHA intervention, prior to the development of significant pathology.
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Macaron T, Giudici KV, Bowman GL, Sinclair A, Stephan E, Vellas B, de Souto Barreto P. Associations of Omega-3 fatty acids with brain morphology and volume in cognitively healthy older adults: A narrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101300. [PMID: 33607289 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human neurodevelopment is complete by the 4th decade of life at which point brain atrophy ensues with variable rate and regionality into old age. Literally all regions of the brain experience atrophy with older age, however the pattern and rate of atrophy can dictate the behavioral consequences (i.e., cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease). Substantial research has aimed to discover the reasons why some people experience greater morphologic changes that produce undesirable consequences with aging and how it may be prevented. One possible explanation is diet, particularly fish consumption and the intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega 3) concentrated in fish oil. This narrative review examines the available evidence on the association between omega-3 and brain volume in non-demented older adults. METHODS A PubMed search of the literature was conducted in search of studies that investigated the associations of omega-3 on brain morphology and volume in cognitively intact older adults. Inclusion criteria were: populations of adults aged 45 years or over, who were cognitively intact, free of any central nervous system disease, and free of advanced structural brain atrophy. Study participants had to have DHA and EPA levels measured either by blood testing or scoring of dietary intake. There were no restrictions to dates of publication. Studies including demented participants, or participants with substantial white or grey matter atrophy visible on magnetic resonance imaging were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The search identified only 12 studies, 8 of which were cross-sectional observational studies, 3 longitudinal observational studies, and 1 randomized controlled trial published between 2007 and 2019. The largest amount of evidence indicated that the hippocampus was most frequently involved in this association, with a higher volume associated with higher omega-3 levels. Larger total grey matter, total brain volume, and lower white matter lesion volume were also associated with higher omega-3 among four of the reviewed studies. However, most studies reviewed provided mixed findings regarding the presence or absence of the association of interest, and the findings were observed to be brain region-dependent. Current evidence is still insufficient to formulate recommendations for omega-3 intake to support brain health specifically.
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23
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Importance of EPA and DHA Blood Levels in Brain Structure and Function. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041074. [PMID: 33806218 PMCID: PMC8066148 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain structure and function depend on a constant and sufficient supply with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by blood. Blood levels of EPA and DHA reflect dietary intake and other variables and are preferably assessed as percentage in erythrocytes with a well-documented and standardized analytical method (HS-Omega-3 Index®). Every human being has an Omega-3 Index between 2 and 20%, with an optimum of 8–11%. Compared to an optimal Omega-3 Index, a lower Omega-3 Index was associated with increased risk for total mortality and ischemic stroke, reduced brain volume, impaired cognition, accelerated progression to dementia, psychiatric diseases, compromises of complex brain functions, and other brain issues in epidemiologic studies. Most intervention trials, and their meta-analyses considered EPA and DHA as drugs with good bioavailability, a design tending to produce meaningful results in populations characterized by low baseline blood levels (e.g., in major depression), but otherwise responsible for many neutral results and substantial confusion. When trial results were evaluated using blood levels of EPA and DHA measured, effects were larger than comparing EPA and DHA to placebo groups, and paralleled epidemiologic findings. This indicates future trial design, and suggests a targeted use EPA and DHA, based on the Omega-3 Index.
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24
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Henning T, Weber D. Redox biomarkers in dietary interventions and nutritional observation studies - From new insights to old problems. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101922. [PMID: 33756398 PMCID: PMC8020480 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this review is to give an overview on recently published articles investigating the associations of diet and dietary interventions with biomarkers of oxidative stress with special emphasis on different categories of redox biomarkers. Findings Intervention and observational studies both in healthy participants and patients that investigated associations of dietary habits, foodstuffs or isolated nutrients with biomarkers of oxidative stress were included in this review. Recently published observation studies confirm the inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and oxidative stress markers. Studies investigating the effect of vitamin D and vitamin E, magnesium, zinc, chromium, selenium, probiotic supplementation and several phytochemicals reported consistent changes in redox biomarkers. Of 88 articles included in this review, only seven studies measured biomarkers from the three categories: oxidative damage, endogenous antioxidants, and exogenous antioxidants. Many studies rely on controversial assays for total antioxidant capacity, thus there is potential in many studies to improve biomarker repertoire to cover all three categories of biomarkers and to turn away from such assays. Oxidative stress can be assessed by specific biomarker categories. Three biomarker categories: oxidative damage, endogenous, exogenous antioxidants. Only seven studies performed measurements of all three biomarker categories. TAC, TRAP, FRAP, ORAC should not be used as stand-alone redox marker. Several interventions reported improvements in markers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Henning
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Grossbeeren, Germany; NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
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25
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Krivanek TJ, Gale SA, McFeeley BM, Nicastri CM, Daffner KR. Promoting Successful Cognitive Aging: A Ten-Year Update. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:871-920. [PMID: 33935078 PMCID: PMC8293659 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A decade has passed since we published a comprehensive review in this journal addressing the topic of promoting successful cognitive aging, making this a good time to take stock of the field. Because there have been limited large-scale, randomized controlled trials, especially following individuals from middle age to late life, some experts have questioned whether recommendations can be legitimately offered about reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Despite uncertainties, clinicians often need to at least make provisional recommendations to patients based on the highest quality data available. Converging lines of evidence from epidemiological/cohort studies, animal/basic science studies, human proof-of-concept studies, and human intervention studies can provide guidance, highlighting strategies for enhancing cognitive reserve and preventing loss of cognitive capacity. Many of the suggestions made in 2010 have been supported by additional research. Importantly, there is a growing consensus among major health organizations about recommendations to mitigate cognitive decline and promote healthy cognitive aging. Regular physical activity and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors have been supported by all of these organizations. Most organizations have also embraced cognitively stimulating activities, a heart-healthy diet, smoking cessation, and countering metabolic syndrome. Other behaviors like regular social engagement, limiting alcohol use, stress management, getting adequate sleep, avoiding anticholinergic medications, addressing sensory deficits, and protecting the brain against physical and toxic damage also have been endorsed, although less consistently. In this update, we review the evidence for each of these recommendations and offer practical advice about behavior-change techniques to help patients adopt brain-healthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Krivanek
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth A. Gale
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany M. McFeeley
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Casey M. Nicastri
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kirk R. Daffner
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Leckie RL, Lehman DE, Gianaros PJ, Erickson KI, Sereika SM, Kuan DCH, Manuck SB, Ryan CM, Yao JK, Muldoon MF. The effects of omega-3 fatty acids on neuropsychological functioning and brain morphology in mid-life adults: a randomized clinical trial. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2425-2434. [PMID: 31581959 PMCID: PMC8109262 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diet of most adults is low in fish and, therefore, provides limited quantities of the long-chain, omega-3 fatty acids (LCn-3FAs), eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA, DHA). Since these compounds serve important roles in the brain, we sought to determine if healthy adults with low-LCn-3FA consumption would exhibit improvements in neuropsychological performance and parallel changes in brain morphology following repletion through fish oil supplementation. METHODS In a randomized, controlled trial, 271 mid-life adults (30-54 years of age, 118 men, 153 women) consuming ⩽300 mg/day of LCn-3FAs received 18 weeks of supplementation with fish oil capsules (1400 mg/day of EPA and DHA) or matching placebo. All participants completed a neuropsychological test battery examining four cognitive domains: psychomotor speed, executive function, learning/episodic memory, and fluid intelligence. A subset of 122 underwent neuroimaging before and after supplementation to measure whole-brain and subcortical tissue volumes. RESULTS Capsule adherence was over 95%, participant blinding was verified, and red blood cell EPA and DHA levels increased as expected. Supplementation did not affect performance in any of the four cognitive domains. Exploratory analyses revealed that, compared to placebo, fish oil supplementation improved executive function in participants with low-baseline DHA levels. No changes were observed in any indicator of brain morphology. CONCLUSIONS In healthy mid-life adults reporting low-dietary intake, supplementation with LCn-3FAs in moderate dose for moderate duration did not affect neuropsychological performance or brain morphology. Whether salutary effects occur in individuals with particularly low-DHA exposure requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina L. Leckie
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David E. Lehman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter J. Gianaros
- Psychology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Psychology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Dora C. H. Kuan
- Psychology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen B. Manuck
- Psychology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey K. Yao
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Li M, Li W, Gao Y, Chen Y, Bai D, Weng J, Du Y, Ma F, Wang X, Liu H, Huang G. Effect of folic acid combined with docosahexaenoic acid intervention on mild cognitive impairment in elderly: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1795-1808. [PMID: 32856190 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the effects of folic acid (FA) combined with a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intervention on the cognitive function and inflammatory cytokines in elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial recruited 240 individuals with MCI in Tianjin, China, and randomly allocated into 4 groups: FA + DHA (FA 800 μg/d + DHA 800 mg/d), FA (FA 800 μg/d), DHA (DHA 800 mg/d), and placebo. Cognitive function, serum folate and homocysteine (Hcy), plasma DHA and inflammatory cytokines levels were measured at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS Daily oral FA, DHA and their combined use for 6 months significantly improved the full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and some subtests of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale compared to the placebo. The increases of FSIQ, arithmetic, picture completion scores in the FA group and picture completion, block design scores in the DHA group were significantly less than that in the FA combined DHA group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, daily oral FA, DHA and their combined use for 6 months significantly decreased plasma inflammatory cytokines compared to the placebo. The changes of interleukin-1β levels in the FA group and interleukin-6 levels in the DHA group were significantly less than that in the FA + DHA group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Daily oral FA, DHA and their combined use for 6 months can significantly improve cognitive function and decrease plasma inflammatory cytokines in MCI individuals. The combination of FA and DHA was more beneficial than each individual nutrient on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Hujiayuan Community Health Service Center of Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Bai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinxi Weng
- Xinkaihe Community Health Service Center, Hebei District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
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28
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Klimova B, Dziuba S, Cierniak-Emerych A. The Effect of Healthy Diet on Cognitive Performance Among Healthy Seniors - A Mini Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:325. [PMID: 32848680 PMCID: PMC7433394 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, a healthy diet appears to be one of the suitable strategies in slowing down cognitive decline in the process of aging. A number of evidence-based studies confirm its efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. The aim of this mini review is to evaluate and describe recent randomized clinical and cohort studies exploring the effect of healthy diet on cognitive performance among healthy seniors, as well as to update the existing information on this research issue. For these reasons, the authors reviewed full-text, peer-reviewed journal articles written in English and available in Web of Science and PubMed between September 2017 and February 2020. Altogether nine original studies were detected. The results indicate that healthy diet and healthy diet components generally have a positive impact on the enhancement of cognitive functions. Furthermore, the findings reveal that dietary patterns, as well as single nutrients might have a significant effect on specific cognitive domains, such as memory in general, episodic memory, or processing speed. It also seems that a strict adherence to the dietary patterns and a higher diet variety have a more significant effect on the improvement of cognitive functions. Nevertheless, there seem to be gender differences in dietary behavior. More recently, personalized dietary interventions started to be used in delaying cognitive decline among healthy seniors. Therefore, more randomized control trials or N-of-1 trials should be performed in this research area in order to detect the most suitable dietary pattern or nutrients, which would, together with other modifiable lifestyle factors, contribute to the improvement of quality of life of the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Klimova
- Department of Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Szymon Dziuba
- Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Wrocław University of Economics, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Cierniak-Emerych
- Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Wrocław University of Economics, Wrocław, Poland
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29
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Dietary Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Versus Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Effects on Cognition and Inflammation. Curr Nutr Rep 2020; 9:264-277. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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S. Stavrinou P, Andreou E, Aphamis G, Pantzaris M, Ioannou M, S. Patrikios I, D. Giannaki C. The Effects of a 6-Month High Dose Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Antioxidant Vitamins Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Functional Capacity in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Nutrients 2020; 12:E325. [PMID: 31991898 PMCID: PMC7071310 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a high-dose omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids supplementation, in combination with antioxidant vitamins, on cognitive function and functional capacity of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), over a 6-month period in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-six older adults with MCI (age: 78.8 ± 7.3 years) were randomized 1:1 to receive either a 20 mL dose of a formula containing a mixture of omega-3 (810 mg Eicosapentaenoic acid and 4140 mg Docosahexaenoic acid) and omega-6 fatty acids (1800 mg gamma-Linolenic acid and 3150 mg Linoleic acid) (1:1 w/w), with 0.6 mg vitamin A, vitamin E (22 mg) plus pure γ-tocopherol (760 mg), or 20mL placebo containing olive oil. Participants completed assessments of cognitive function, functional capacity, body composition and various aspects of quality of life at baseline and following three and six months of supplementation. Thirty-six participants completed the study (eighteen from each group). A significant interaction between supplementation and time was found on cognitive function (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination -Revised (ACE-R), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Stroop Color and Word Test (STROOP) color test; p < 0.001, p = 0.011 and p = 0.037, respectively), functional capacity (6-min walk test and sit-to-stand-60; p = 0.028 and p = 0.032, respectively), fatigue (p < 0.001), physical health (p = 0.007), and daily sleepiness (p = 0.007)-showing a favorable improvement for the participants receiving the supplement. The results indicate that this nutritional modality could be promising for reducing cognitive and functional decline in the elderly with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi S. Stavrinou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus; (P.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.A.)
- University of Nicosia Research Foundation, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Andreou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus; (P.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.A.)
| | - George Aphamis
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus; (P.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Marios Pantzaris
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
| | - Melina Ioannou
- Noesis Cognitive Center, Materia Group, Nicosia 2221, Cyprus;
| | | | - Christoforos D. Giannaki
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus; (P.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.A.)
- University of Nicosia Research Foundation, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
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31
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Yao S, Liu Y, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Cui S, Tang C, Lu L, Xu N. Do nonpharmacological interventions prevent cognitive decline? a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:19. [PMID: 32066716 PMCID: PMC7026127 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, prevention is particularly important when there is no effective treatment for cognitive decline. Since the adverse events of pharmacological interventions counterbalance the benefits, nonpharmacological approaches seem desirable to prevent cognitive decline. To our knowledge, no meta-analyses have been published on nonpharmacological interventions preventing cognitive decline. To investigate whether nonpharmacological interventions play a role in preventing cognitive decline among older people, we searched related trials up to March 31, 2019, in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials and the Cochrane library databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they enrolled participants older than 60 years of age who had a risk of cognitive decline, and the interventions were nonpharmacological. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to rate the quality of evidence. Heterogeneity was quantified with I2. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to research the sources of heterogeneity. Influence analyses were used to detect and remove extreme effect sizes (outliers) in our meta-analysis. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger test. Primary outcomes were the incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) scores. Second outcomes were activities of daily living (ADL) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. A total of 22 studies with 13,264 participants were identified for analysis. In terms of prevention, nonpharmacological interventions appeared to be more effective than control conditions, as assessed by the incidence of MCI or dementia (RR, 0.73; CI, 0.55-0.96; moderate-certainty evidence), while the results of ADAS-Cog suggested no significant differences between two groups (MD, -0.69; CI, -1.52-0.14; very low-certainty evidence). Second outcomes revealed a significant improvement from nonpharmacological interventions versus control in terms of the change in ADL (MD, 0.73; CI, 0.65-0.80) and MMSE scores (posttreatment scores: MD, 0.25; CI, 0.02-0.47; difference scores: MD, 0.59, CI, 0.29-0.88). Univariable meta-regression showed association between lower case of MCI or dementia and two subgroup factors (P = 0.013 for sample size; P = 0.037 for area). Multiple meta-regression suggested that these four subgroup factors were not associated with decreased incidence of MCI (P > 0.05 for interaction). The Naive RR estimate was calculated as 0.73. When the three studies that detected by outlier and influence analysis were left out, the Robust RR was 0.66. In conclusion, nonpharmacological therapy could have an indicative role in reducing the case of MCI or dementia. However, given the heterogeneity of the included RCTs, more preregistered trials are needed that explicitly examine the association between nonpharmacological therapy and cognitive decline prevention, and consider relevant moderators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Yao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Cui
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Liming Lu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China.
- Clinical Research Center, South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Nenggui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, P. R. China.
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Macpherson H, Brownell S, Duckham RL, Meyer B, Mirzaee S, Daly RM. Multifaceted intervention to enhance cognition in older people at risk of cognitive decline: study protocol for the Protein Omega-3 and Vitamin D Exercise Research (PONDER) study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024145. [PMID: 31072850 PMCID: PMC6527972 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing number of people are living with cognitive impairment and dementia. Current pharmacological therapies at best reduce Alzheimer's disease symptomatology but do not delay dementia onset in those at high risk. Structured exercise interventions can enhance cognition in older people; however, to produce long lasting, clinically relevant cognitive benefits, it is proposed that a multifaceted approach incorporating exercise with dietary supplements will address a wider range of mechanisms involved in cognitive decline. The Protein Omega-3 aNd vitamin D Exercise Research (PONDER) study aims to investigate the cognitive effects of a multimodal exercise programme combined with nutritional supplementation in older adults with subjective memory impairment (SMI). METHODS AND ANALYSIS The PONDER study is a single-centre, 12-month, community-based, parallel group, randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial involving a 6-month multifaceted intervention with a further 6-month follow-up. Participants will be 148 people from Melbourne, Australia, aged 60-85 years with SMI who will be randomised (1:1 ratio) to either a 6-month supervised multimodal exercise programme combined with omega-3 fatty acid, vitamin D and protein supplementation or a stretching/flexibility exercise programme combined with placebo supplements. The primary outcome is the change in cognition after 6 months as assessed by the Trail Making Test and global cognitive function assessed from the Cogstate Computerised battery. Secondary outcomes will include memory, working memory/learning and attention/psychomotor function, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, mood, quality of life, muscle strength, physical function, body composition, cardiovascular health and sleep quality. Cognition at 12 months will represent a secondary outcome. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee (project 2016-260). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The authors intend to submit the findings of the study to peer-reviewed journals or academic conferences to be published. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12616001549415; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Brownell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, UK
| | - Barbara Meyer
- Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sam Mirzaee
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash HEART, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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D'Cunha NM, Seddon N, Mellor DD, Georgousopoulou EN, McKune AJ, Panagiotakos DB, Kellett J, Naumovski N. Curcumin for Cognition: Is It Just Hype, Based on Current Data? Adv Nutr 2019; 10:179-181. [PMID: 30624556 PMCID: PMC6370263 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M D'Cunha
- Faculty of Health and Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Groups,University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom,Address correspondence to NMDC (e-mail: )
| | - Nathan Seddon
- Faculty of Health and Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Groups
| | - Duane D Mellor
- University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom,Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- Faculty of Health and Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Groups,University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom,School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia,Department of Kinesiology and Health at The School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health and Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Groups,University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia,Department of Kinesiology and Health at The School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ
| | - Jane Kellett
- Faculty of Health and Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Groups,University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health and Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Groups,University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention Strategies for the Delay of Cognitive Impairment in Healthy Aging. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101560. [PMID: 30347863 PMCID: PMC6212852 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Present demographic changes demonstrate that the number of elderly people is growing at a frenetic pace. This shift in population consequently results in many social and economic problems, which burden the social and economic systems of countries. The aging process is associated with age-related diseases, the most common of which are dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, whose main symptom is a decline in cognitive function, especially memory loss. Unfortunately, it cannot be cured. Therefore, alternative approaches, which are cost-effective, safe, and easy to implement, are being sought in order to delay and prevent cognitive impairment. The purpose of this review was to explore the effect of multidomain lifestyle intervention strategies on the delay and/or prevention of cognitive impairment in healthy older individuals. The methods are based on a literature review of available sources found on the research topic in three acknowledged databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. The results of the identified original studies reveal that multidomain lifestyle interventions generate significant effects. In addition, these interventions seem feasible, cost-effective, and engaging. Thus, there is a call for the implementation of effective lifestyle prevention programs, which would involve goal-setting and would focus on the prevention of crucial risk factors threatening the target group of elderly people, who are at risk of cognitive decline and dementia.
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Lee HJ, Han YM, An JM, Kang EA, Park YJ, Cha JY, Hahm KB. Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in preventing gastrointestinal cancers: current status and future perspectives. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:1189-1203. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1524299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young-Min Han
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min An
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Pangyo, Korea
| | - Eun A. Kang
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Pangyo, Korea
| | | | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Pangyo, Korea
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
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Klímová B, Vališ M. Nutritional Interventions as Beneficial Strategies to Delay Cognitive Decline in Healthy Older Individuals. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070905. [PMID: 30011956 PMCID: PMC6073697 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current demographic trends indicate that the population is aging. The aging process is inevitably connected with cognitive decline, which manifests itself in worsening working memory, processing speed, and attention. Therefore, apart from pharmacological therapies, non-pharmacological approaches which can influence cognitive performance (such as physical activities or healthy diet), are being investigated. The purpose of this study is to explore the types of nutritional interventions and their benefits in the prevention and delay of cognitive delay in healthy older individuals. The methods used in this study include a literature review of the available studies on the research topic found in Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE. The findings show that nutritional intervention has a positive impact on cognitive function in healthy older people. However, it seems that the interactions between more than one nutrient are most effective. The results reveal that specifically the Mediterranean diet appears to be effective in this respect. Moreover, the findings also indicate that multi-domain interventions including diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring have a far more significant effect on the enhancement of cognitive functions among healthy older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Klímová
- Department of Applied Linguistics, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Vališ
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic.
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