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Hettiarachchi J, Feyesa I, Daly RM, George ES, Georgousopoulou EN, Scott D, Baguley BJ, Tan SY. Effect of peanut butter supplementation on physical and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults: study protocol for a 6-month randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e086232. [PMID: 39242158 PMCID: PMC11381714 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ageing is associated with physical and cognitive declines, which may be further exacerbated by poor nutrition. Nuts are energy and nutrient dense, and their consumption is associated with better physical and cognitive functions in older adults, but data from interventional studies are limited. This 6-month randomised controlled trial is designed to investigate the effects of consuming 43 g/day of peanut butter (equivalent to 1.5 servings of nuts) on physical function, including walking speed (primary outcome), standing and dynamic balance, upper and lower body strength, lower body power and endurance, and associated factors including muscle mass, cognitive function and DNA telomere length in community-dwelling older adults. METHOD AND ANALYSIS A total of 120 participants aged ≥65 years will be recruited and randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to either the intervention group (n=60) that will receive individually packaged sealed containers containing 43 g of peanut butter to be consumed once daily for 6 months alongside habitual diet, or the control group (n=60) that will maintain their habitual diet. Primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at 6 months. The primary outcome is walking speed assessed using the 4 m usual gait speed test. Secondary outcomes include other physical function assessments: standing balance, chair stand time, timed-up-and-go test and four-square step test; and hand grip and knee extensor muscle strength; cognitive function assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and trail making tests; body composition; nutritional status; and DNA telomere length from participants' buccal cell samples. Linear mixed models will be used to compare changes in outcomes between intervention and control groups. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol is approved by the Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12622001291774. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ANZCTR12622001291774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeew Hettiarachchi
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilili Feyesa
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena S George
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Scott
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brenton J Baguley
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sze-Yen Tan
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Moabedi M, Aliakbari M, Erfanian S, Jibril AT, Milajerdi A. The effect of consuming nuts on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1463801. [PMID: 39296505 PMCID: PMC11408291 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1463801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Results from clinical trials investigating the effect of nuts consumption on cognition are conflicting. We decided to conduct the current meta-analysis to summarize all available evidence on the effect of consuming nuts on cognition scores. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search in the online databases using relevant keywords up to June 2024. We included all the published Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of nuts, compared to control, on cognition scores. Results Overall, 5 trials were included with a total sample size of 928 adults. Based on 6 effect sizes from these 5 trials, we did not find a significant effect of nuts on cognition function [Standardized Mean Difference (SMD): 0.27, 95% CI: -0.65 to 1.19, p = 0.57]. Conclusion Our review could not find a significant effect of nuts on cognition function. Future high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes should be conducted to shed light on the impact of nuts on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Moabedi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Shima Erfanian
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Aliyu Tijani Jibril
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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van Zonneveld SM, van den Oever EJ, Haarman BCM, Grandjean EL, Nuninga JO, van de Rest O, Sommer IEC. An Anti-Inflammatory Diet and Its Potential Benefit for Individuals with Mental Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2646. [PMID: 39203783 PMCID: PMC11357610 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review synthesizes current evidence regarding anti-inflammatory dietary patterns and their potential benefits for individuals with mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic low-grade inflammation is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the etiology and progression of these conditions. The review examines the evidence for the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of dietary components and food groups, focusing on whole foods rather than specific nutrients or supplements. Key dietary components showing potential benefits include fruits and vegetables (especially berries and leafy greens), whole grains, legumes, fatty fish rich in omega-3, nuts (particularly walnuts), olive oil, and fermented foods. These foods are generally rich in antioxidants, dietary fiber, and bioactive compounds that may help modulate inflammation, support gut health, and promote neuroprotection. Conversely, ultra-processed foods, red meat, and sugary beverages may be harmful. Based on this evidence, we designed the Brain Anti-Inflammatory Nutrition (BrAIN) diet. The mechanisms of this diet include the modulation of the gut microbiota and the gut-brain axis, the regulation of inflammatory pathways, a reduction in oxidative stress, and the promotion of neuroplasticity. The BrAIN diet shows promise as an aid to manage mental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M. van Zonneveld
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen J. van den Oever
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benno C. M. Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emmy L. Grandjean
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper O. Nuninga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris E. C. Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Hand LK, Taylor MK, Sullivan DK, Siengsukon CF, Morris JK, Martin LE, Hull HR. Pregnancy as a window of opportunity for dementia prevention: a narrative review. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38970804 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2371727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Dementia is a debilitating condition with a disproportionate impact on women. While sex differences in longevity contribute to the disparity, the role of the female sex as a biological variable in disease progression is not yet fully elucidated. Metabolic dysfunctions are drivers of dementia etiology, and cardiometabolic diseases are among the most influential modifiable risk factors. Pregnancy is a time of enhanced vulnerability for metabolic disorders. Many dementia risk factors, such as hypertension or blood glucose dysregulation, often emerge for the first time in pregnancy. While such cardiometabolic complications in pregnancy pose a risk to the health trajectory of a woman, increasing her odds of developing type 2 diabetes or chronic hypertension, it is not fully understood how this relates to her risk for dementia. Furthermore, structural and functional changes in the maternal brain have been reported during pregnancy suggesting it is a time of neuroplasticity for the mother. Therefore, pregnancy may be a window of opportunity to optimize metabolic health and support the maternal brain. Healthy dietary patterns are known to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and have been linked to dementia prevention, yet interventions targeting cognitive function in late life have largely been unsuccessful. Earlier interventions are needed to address the underlying metabolic dysfunctions and potentially reduce the risk of dementia, and pregnancy offers an ideal opportunity to intervene. This review discusses current evidence regarding maternal brain health and the potential window of opportunity in pregnancy to use diet to address neurological health disparities for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Hand
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Matthew K Taylor
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Catherine F Siengsukon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jill K Morris
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Laura E Martin
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Holly R Hull
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Nakaki A, Gomez Y, Castro-Barquero S, Conti A, Vellvé K, Casas I, Genero M, Youssef L, Segalés L, Benitez L, Casas R, Vieta E, Bargallo N, Toschi N, Estruch R, Crispi F, Gratacos E, Crovetto F. The Mediterranean Diet in Pregnancy: Implications for Maternal Brain Morphometry in a Secondary Analysis of the IMPACT BCN Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1604. [PMID: 38892540 PMCID: PMC11174669 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A Mediterranean diet has positive effects on the brain in mid-older adults; however, there is scarce information on pregnant individuals. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a structured Mediterranean diet intervention on the cortical structure of the maternal brain during pregnancy. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of the IMPACT BCN, a randomized clinical trial with 1221 high-risk pregnant women randomly allocated into three groups at 19-23 weeks of gestation: Mediterranean diet intervention, a mindfulness-based stress reduction program, or usual care. Maternal brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed during the third trimester of pregnancy in a random subgroup of participants. For this study, data from the Mediterranean diet and usual groups were analyzed. Maternal dietary intake, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and metabolite biomarkers were evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire, a 17-item dietary screener and plasma/urine samples, respectively. RESULTS The cluster-wise analysis showed that the Mediterranean diet group participants (n = 34) had significantly larger surface areas in the right precuneus (90%CI: <0.0001-0.0004, p < 0.001) and left superior parietal (90%CI: 0.026-0.033, p = 0.03) lobules compared to the usual care group participants (n = 37). A larger right precuneus area was associated with high improvements in adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a high intake of walnuts and high concentrations of urinary hydroxytyrosol. A larger left superior parietal area was associated with a high intake of walnuts and high concentrations of urinary hydroxytyrosol. CONCLUSIONS The promotion of a Mediterranean diet during pregnancy has a significant effect on maternal brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nakaki
- BCNatal|Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvan Gomez
- BCNatal|Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- BCNatal|Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Allegra Conti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Kilian Vellvé
- BCNatal|Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Casas
- BCNatal|Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Genero
- BCNatal|Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Lina Youssef
- BCNatal|Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Hospital Clinic/University of Barcelona Campus, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Segalés
- BCNatal|Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Benitez
- BCNatal|Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Neuroscience Institute, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Bargallo
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Radiology Department, Center of Image Diagnostic, Hospital Clínic, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fàtima Crispi
- BCNatal|Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacos
- BCNatal|Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Crovetto
- BCNatal|Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin, RD21/0012/0003, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Suh SW, Lim E, Burm SY, Lee H, Bae JB, Han JW, Kim KW. The influence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognitive function in individuals without dementia: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. BMC Med 2024; 22:109. [PMID: 38468309 PMCID: PMC10929146 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been suggested as a cognitive enhancing agent, though their effect is doubtful. We aimed to examine the effect of n-3 PUFA on the cognitive function of middle-aged or older adults without dementia. METHODS We reviewed randomized controlled trials of individuals aged 40 years or older. We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases. We used the restricted cubic splines model for non-linear dose-response meta-analysis in terms of the standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The current meta-analysis on 24 studies (n 9660; follow-up 3 to 36 months) found that the beneficial effect on executive function demonstrates an upward trend within the initial 12 months of intervention. This effect is prominently observed with a daily intake surpassing 500 mg of n-3 PUFA and up to 420 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Furthermore, these trends exhibit heightened significance in regions where the levels of blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + EPA are not very low. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of n-3 PUFA may confer potential benefits to executive function among the middle-aged and elderly demographic, particularly in individuals whose dietary DHA + EPA level is not substantially diminished.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eunji Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Suh-Yuhn Burm
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyungji Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jong Bin Bae
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.
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Farag S, Tsang C, Al-Dujaili EAS, Murphy PN. Effect of Polyphenol Supplementation on Memory Functioning in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:474. [PMID: 38398799 PMCID: PMC10893550 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Negative health consequences of obesity include impaired neuronal functioning and cell death, thus bringing the risk of impaired cognitive functioning. Antioxidant properties of polyphenols offer a possible intervention for overweight people, but evidence for their effectiveness in supporting cognitive functioning is mixed. This review examined evidence from randomized controlled trials concerning the effect of polyphenols on tasks requiring either immediate or delayed retrieval of learned information, respectively, thus controlling for differences in cognitive processes and related neural substrates supporting respective task demands. Searches of the PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, and Scopus databases identified 24 relevant primary studies with N = 2336 participants having a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2. The participants' mean age for the 24 studies exceeded 60 years. Respective meta-analyses produced a significant summary effect for immediate retrieval but not for delayed retrieval. The present findings support a potential positive effect of chronic supplementation with polyphenols, most notably flavonoids, on immediate retrieval in participants aged over 60 years with obesity being a risk factor for cognitive impairment. We recommend further investigation of this potential positive effect in participants with such risk factors. Future research on all populations should report the phenolic content of the supplementation administered and be specific regarding the cognitive processes tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Farag
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK; (S.F.); (P.N.M.)
| | - Catherine Tsang
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK;
| | - Emad A. S. Al-Dujaili
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Philip N. Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK; (S.F.); (P.N.M.)
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Cofán M, Checa A, Serra-Mir M, Roth I, Valls-Pedret C, Lopez-Illamola A, Doménech M, Rajaram S, Lázaro I, Sabaté J, Ros E, Wheelock CE, Sala-Vila A. A Walnut-Enriched Diet for 2 Years Changes the Serum Oxylipin Profile in Healthy Older Persons. J Nutr 2024; 154:395-402. [PMID: 38081585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxylipins are products derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that play a role in cardiovascular disease and aging. Fish oil-derived n-3 PUFAs promote the formation of anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory oxylipins; however, there are little data on oxylipins derived from α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3), the primary plant-derived n-3 PUFA. Walnuts are a source of C18:3n-3. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect on serum oxylipins of a diet enriched with walnuts at 15% energy (30-60 g/d; 2.6-5.2 g C18:3n-3/d) for 2 y compared to a control diet (abstention from walnuts) in healthy older males and females (63-79 y). METHODS The red blood cell proportion of α-linolenic acid was determined by gas chromatography as a measure of compliance. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure serum concentrations of 53 oxylipins in participants randomly assigned to receive the walnut diet (n = 64) or the control diet (n = 51). Two-year concentration changes (final minus baseline) were log-transformed (base log-10) and standardized (mean-centered and divided by the standard deviation of each variable). Volcano plots were then generated (fold change ≥1.5; false discovery rate ≤0.1). For each oxylipin delta surviving multiple testing, we further assessed between-intervention group differences by analysis of covariance adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and the baseline concentration of the oxylipin. RESULTS The 2-y change in red blood cell C18:3n-3 in the walnut group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Compared to the control diet, the walnut diet resulted in statistically significantly greater increases in 3 C18:3n-3-derived oxylipins (9-HOTrE, 13-HOTrE, and 12,13-EpODE) and in the C20:5n-3 derived 14,15-diHETE, and greater reductions of the C20:4n-6-derived 5-HETE, 19-HETE, and 5,6-diHETrE. CONCLUSIONS Long-term walnut consumption changes the serum oxylipin profile in healthy older persons. Our results add novel mechanistic evidence on the cardioprotective effects of walnuts. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01634841.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Cofán
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Checa
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Serra-Mir
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Roth
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Lopez-Illamola
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Doménech
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; The Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, United States.
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9
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Singh S, Ahuja A, Pathak S. Potential Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:2043-2061. [PMID: 38243956 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073280680240101065732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration causes premature death in the peripheral and central nervous system. Neurodegeneration leads to the accumulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and the generation of free radicals responsible for nervous disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disorders. Therefore, focus must be diverted towards treating and managing these disorders, as it is very challenging. Furthermore, effective therapies are also lacking, so the growing interest of the global market must be inclined towards developing newer therapeutic approaches that can intercept the progression of neurodegeneration. Emerging evidences of research findings suggest that antioxidant therapy has significant potential in modulating disease phenotypes. This makes them promising candidates for further investigation. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species in the pathological mechanisms of various neurodegenerative diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disorders and their neuroprotection. Additionally, it highlights the potential of antioxidant-based therapeutics in mitigating disease severity in humans and improving patient compliance. Ongoing extensive global research further sheds light on exploring new therapeutic targets for a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms in the field of medicine and biology targeting neurogenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University Mathura, U.P, 281406, India
| | - Ashima Ahuja
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University Mathura, U.P, 281406, India
| | - Shilpi Pathak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University Mathura, U.P, 281406, India
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10
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An L, Lu Q, Wang K, Wang Y. Urolithins: A Prospective Alternative against Brain Aging. Nutrients 2023; 15:3884. [PMID: 37764668 PMCID: PMC10534540 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of host-microbiome interactions on cognitive health and disease has received increasing attention. Microbial-derived metabolites produced in the gut are one of crucial mechanisms of the gut-brain axis interaction, showing attractive perspectives. Urolithins (Uros) are gut microbial-derived metabolites of ellagitannins and ellagic acid, whose biotransformation varies considerably between individuals and decreases greatly with age. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that Uros may have specific advantages in preventing brain aging including favorable blood-brain barrier permeability, selective brain distribution, and increasingly supporting data from preclinical and clinical studies. However, the usability of Uros in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases remains elusive. In this review, we aim to present the comprehensive achievements of Uros in age-related brain dysfunctions and neurodegenerative diseases and discuss their prospects and knowledge gaps as functional food, drugs, or biomarkers against brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei An
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.A.); (Q.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Qiu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.A.); (Q.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.A.); (Q.L.); (K.W.)
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Rizhao Huawei Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Shandong Keepfit Biotech. Co., Ltd., Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Yousheng Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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11
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Haskell-Ramsay CF, Docherty S. Role of fruit and vegetables in sustaining healthy cognitive function: evidence and issues. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:305-314. [PMID: 37092750 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123002999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Modifiable lifestyle factors, such as improved nutrition, are crucial in maintaining cognitive health in older age. Fruit and vegetables represent healthy and sustainable sources of nutrients with the potential to prevent age-related cognitive decline. The aim of this review is to synthesise the available evidence, from epidemiological and randomised controlled trials (RCT), regarding the role of fruit and vegetables in sustaining healthy cognitive function. Epidemiological studies of combined fruit and vegetable intake suggest that increased consumption may sustain cognition in later life. The evidence appears to be stronger for an association between vegetables and cognition, particularly for green leafy and cruciferous vegetables. Specific benefits shown for berries, citrus fruits, avocado and nuts suggest fruit is worthy of further investigation in relation to cognition. Data from RCT indicate benefits to differing aspects of cognition following citrus and berry fruits, cocoa and peanuts, but the data are limited and there are a lack of studies exploring effects of vegetables. There is growing evidence for an association between fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive function, but this is not always consistent and the data from RCT are limited. Issues in previous research are highlighted, such as strict exclusion criteria, absence of baseline nutritional status data and lack of consideration of individual differences, which may explain the weaker findings from RCT. Inclusion of those most at risk for cognitive decline is recommended in future nutrition and cognition research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Docherty
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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12
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Ni J, Nishi SK, Babio N, Ros E, Basterra-Gortari FJ, Corella D, O C, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, López-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Santos-Lozano JM, Serra-Majem L, Cano-Ibáñez N, Tur JA, Fernández-García JM, Pintó X, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Fernández-Aranda F, Ruiz-Canela M, Mestres Solà C, Portolés O, Sala-Vila A, Garcia-Rios A, Compañ-Gabucio LM, Gómez-Gracia E, Zulet MA, Chaplin A, Casas R, Martínez-Diz S, Tojal-Sierra L, Gómez-Pérez AM, Toledo E, Rios S, Ortega-Azorín C, de la Torre R, Peña-Orihuela PJ, Garcia-de la Hera M, Sayón-Orea C, Malcampo M, Salas-Salvadó J. Higher versus lower nut consumption and changes in cognitive performance over two years in a population at risk of cognitive decline: a cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:360-368. [PMID: 37269908 PMCID: PMC10447472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tree nuts and peanuts (henceforth, nuts) are nutrient-dense foods rich in neuroprotective components; thus, their consumption could benefit cognitive health. However, evidence to date is limited and inconsistent regarding the potential benefits of nuts for cognitive function. OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the association between nut consumption and 2-y changes in cognitive performance in older adults at cognitive decline risk. METHODS A total of 6,630 participants aged 55 to 75 y (mean age 65.0±4.9 y, 48.4% women) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests at baseline and a 2-y follow-up. Composite cognitive scores were used to assess global, general, attention, and executive function domains. Nut consumption was categorized as <1, ≥1 to <3, ≥3 to <7, and ≥7 servings/wk (1 serving=30 g). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to assess associations between baseline nut consumption and 2-y cognitive changes. RESULTS Nut consumption was positively associated with 2-y changes in general cognitive function (P-trend <0.001). Compared with participants consuming <1 serving/wk of nuts, those categorized as consuming ≥3 to <7 and ≥7 servings/wk showed more favorable changes in general cognitive performance (β z-score [95% CI] = 0.06 [0.00,0.12] and 0.13 [0.06,0.20], respectively). No significant changes were observed in the multivariable-adjusted models for other cognitive domains assessed. CONCLUSION Frequent nut consumption was associated with a smaller decline in general cognitive performance over 2 y in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. Randomized clinical trials to verify our findings are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ni
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephanie K Nishi
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada; Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy Babio
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier Basterra-Gortari
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Castañer O
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program. IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; EpiPHAAN research group, School of Health Sciences, University of Malaga - Instituto de Investigación Biomédica en Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante. Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH). Alicante, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretata Alimentaria (INSA-UB). University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA). University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria & Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Naomi Cano-Ibáñez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-García
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Grupo de trabajo de Nutrición, Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN), Centro de Salud de Valga, Pontevedra, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program. IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Division of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jimenez Díaz. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD. University Autonoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group. Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program. IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Olga Portolés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Laura María Compañ-Gabucio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante. Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH). Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - M Angeles Zulet
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alice Chaplin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretata Alimentaria (INSA-UB). University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Diz
- Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Tojal-Sierra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ana María Gómez-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA). University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Santiago Rios
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia J Peña-Orihuela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuela Garcia-de la Hera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante. Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH). Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Sayón-Orea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mireia Malcampo
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d`Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Nijssen KMR, Mensink RP, Plat J, Joris PJ. Longer-term mixed nut consumption improves brain vascular function and memory: A randomized, controlled crossover trial in older adults. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1067-1075. [PMID: 37296019 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nut consumption may reduce age-related cognitive decline, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate in older adults longer-term effects of mixed nut consumption on brain vascular function, which may underlie improvements in cognitive performance. METHODS Twenty-eight healthy individuals (age [mean ± SD]: 65 ± 3 years; BMI: 27.9 ± 2.3 kg/m2) were included in a randomized, single-blinded, cross-over trial with a 16-week intervention (60 g/d mixed nuts: walnuts, pistachio, cashew, and hazelnuts) and control period (no nuts), separated by 8 weeks of washout. Participants followed the Dutch food-based dietary guidelines. At the end of each period, cerebral blood flow (CBF), a marker of brain vascular function, was quantified using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. Effects on endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and the retinal microvasculature were also assessed. Cognitive performance was measured using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. RESULTS Body weight remained stable during the study. As compared to the control period, the mixed nut intervention resulted in a higher regional CBF in the right frontal and parietal lobes (treatment effect: 5.0 ± 6.5 mL/100 g/min; P < 0.001), left frontal lobe (5.4 ± 7.1 mL/100 g/min; P < 0.001), and bilateral prefrontal cortex (5.6 ± 6.6 mL/100 g/min; P < 0.001). Carotid artery reactivity (0.7 PP; 95%CI: 0.2 to 1.2; P = 0.007), brachial flow-mediated vasodilation (1.6 PP; 95%CI: 1.0 to 2.2; P < 0.001) and retinal arteriolar calibers were higher (2 μm; 95%CI: 0 to 3; P = 0.037), and carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity lower (-0.6 m/s; 95%CI: -1.1 to -0.1; P = 0.032). Further, visuospatial memory (-4 errors [16%]; 95%CI: -8 to 0; P = 0.045) and verbal memory (+1 correct [16%]; 0 to 2; P = 0.035) improved, but executive function and psychomotor speed did not change. CONCLUSIONS Longer-term mixed nut consumption as part of a healthy diet beneficially affected brain vascular function, which may relate to the observed beneficial effects on memory in older adults. Moreover, different characteristics of the peripheral vascular tree also improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M R Nijssen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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14
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Fu J, Song W, Song X, Fang L, Wang X, Leng Y, Wang J, Liu C, Min W. Synergistic Effect of Combined Walnut Peptide and Ginseng Extracts on Memory Improvement in C57BL/6 Mice and Potential Mechanism Exploration. Foods 2023; 12:2329. [PMID: 37372540 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate whether there are synergistic effects between walnut peptide (WNP) and ginseng extracts (GSE) treatments to ameliorate the memory impairment caused by scopolamine (SCOP). The Morris water maze trial, hippocampal neuron morphology, neurotransmitters, and synaptic ultrastructure were examined, along with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-related signaling pathway proteins. The results of the Morris water maze trial demonstrated that the combined administration of WNP and GSE effectively alleviated memory impairment in C57BL/6 rats caused by SCOP. Improvement in the morphology of hippocampal neurons, dendritic spines, and synaptic plasticity and upregulation of neurotransmitters AChE, ACh, ChAT, Glu, DA, and 5-HT supported the memory improvement effects of WNP + GSE. In addition, compared with the model group, WNP + GSE significantly enhanced the protein levels of VAChT, Trx-1, and the CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway in hippocampal and PC12 cells induced by SCOP (p < 0.05). Notably, WNP + GSE boosted memory via multiple pathways, not only the BDNF/TrkB/CREB target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wentian Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaobing Song
- Zhongke Special Food Institute, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yue Leng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
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15
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Hosseini Adarmanabadi SMH, Karami Gilavand H, Taherkhani A, Sadat Rafiei SK, Shahrokhi M, Faaliat S, Biabani M, Abil E, Ansari A, Sheikh Z, Poudineh M, Khalaji A, ShojaeiBaghini M, Koorangi A, Deravi N. Pharmacotherapeutic potential of walnut (Juglans spp.) in age-related neurological disorders. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:1-20. [PMID: 36507190 PMCID: PMC9727645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Global and regional trends of population aging spotlight major public health concerns. As one of the most common adverse prognostic factors, advanced age is associated with a remarkable incidence risk of many non-communicable diseases, affecting major organ systems of the human body. Age-dependent factors and molecular processes can change the nervous system's normal function and lead to neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress results from of a shift toward reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the equilibrium between ROS generation and the antioxidant defense system. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation caused by Amyloid-ß protein deposition in the human brain are the most likely pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Walnut extracts could reduce Amyloid-ß fibrillation and aggregation, indicating their beneficial effects on memory and cognition. Walnut can also improve movement disabilities in Parkinson's disease due to their antioxidant and neuroprotective effect by reducing ROS and nitric oxide (NO) generation and suppressing oxidative stress. It is noteworthy that Walnut compounds have potential antiproliferative effects on Glioblastoma (the most aggressive primary cerebral neoplasm). This effective therapeutic agent can stimulate apoptosis of glioma cells in response to oxidative stress, concurrent with preventing angiogenesis and migration of tumor cells, improving the quality of life and life expectancy of patients with glioblastoma. Antioxidant Phenolic compounds of the Walnut kernel could explain the significant anti-convulsion ability of Walnut to provide good prevention and treatment for epileptic seizures. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of Walnut oil could be beneficial in treating multiple sclerosis. In this study, we review the pharmaceutical properties of Walnut in age-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helia Karami Gilavand
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Taherkhani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sara Faaliat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Morteza Biabani
- Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Elaheh Abil
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Akram Ansari
- Laboratory Science, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Zahra Sheikh
- Student Research Committee, School of medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | | | - Mahdie ShojaeiBaghini
- Medical Informatics, Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Koorangi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Rondanelli M, Gasparri C, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Barrile GC, Cavioni A, Razza C, Tartara A, Perna S. Diet and ideal food pyramid to prevent or support the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and cataracts. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1168560. [PMID: 37324128 PMCID: PMC10265999 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1168560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and cataracts are preventable and treatable with lifestyle. The objective of this review is to assess the most recent research on the ideal dietary approach to prevent or support the treatment of DR, AMD, and cataracts, as well as to construct a food pyramid that makes it simple for people who are at risk of developing these pathologies to decide what to eat. The food pyramid presented here proposes what should be consumed every day: 3 portions of low glycemic index (GI) grains (for fiber and zinc content), 5 portions (each portion: ≥200 g/day) of fruits and vegetables (spinach, broccoli, zucchini cooked, green leafy vegetables, orange, kiwi, grapefruit for folic acid, vitamin C, and lutein/zeaxanthin content, at least ≥42 μg/day, are to be preferred), extra virgin olive (EVO) oil (almost 20 mg/day for vitamin E and polyphenols content), nuts or oil seeds (20-30 g/day, for zinc content, at least ≥15.8 mg/day); weekly: fish (4 portions, for omega-3 content and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 0.35-1.4 g/day), white meat (3 portions for vitamin B12 content), legumes (2 portions for vegetal proteins), eggs (2 portions for lutein/zeaxanthin content), light cheeses (2 portions for vitamin B6 content), and almost 3-4 times/week microgreen and spices (saffron and curcumin). At the top of the pyramid, there are two pennants: one green, which indicates the need for personalized supplementation (if daily requirements cannot be met through diet, omega-3, and L-methylfolate supplementation), and one red, which indicates that certain foods are prohibited (salt and sugar). Finally, 3-4 times per week, 30-40 min of aerobic and resistance exercises are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Gaetan Claude Barrile
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cavioni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Razza
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Tartara
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
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17
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Farag S, Tsang C, Murphy PN. Polyphenol supplementation and executive functioning in overweight and obese adults at risk of cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286143. [PMID: 37228106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Increasing evidence indicates a link between obesity and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, there is limited literature regarding the effect of polyphenols, a plant derived compounds, on executive functioning in an overweight/obese population at-risk of cognitive impairment. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials is to examine the effect of polyphenol supplementation on executive functions in overweight and/or obese populations at risk of cognitive impairment. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from inception to March 2023 using four electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus and Cochrane trials library. Published primary research studies in English that compared the effect of polyphenols with placebo on executive function in overweight/obese adults were considered eligible for the meta-analysis. Jadad scale was used for the methodological quality rating of the included studies. Hedges g with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for endpoints were calculated using random effect model where applicable. Rosenthal's Fail-safe N, funnel plots, the Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation test (Kendall's S statistic P-Q), Egger's linear regression test, and Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill test were identified for potential use as appropriate, to examine publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the robustness of the results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A total of 23 RCT studies involving N = 1,976 participants were included in the review. The results of the meta-analysis revealed a non-significant effect for polyphenol supplementation on executive function (g = 0.076, CI = -0.018 to 0.170). Observations from primary studies within the meta-analysis showed a potential positive effect of polyphenol supplementation in a younger population at-risk of cognitive impairment and it is recommended to investigate this further in future studies. Moreover, the variability of the tasks used to examine executive functions as well as the adequate reporting of supplement's phenolic composition is a limitation that future work should also consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Farag
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Tsang
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
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18
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Pinar-Martí A, Gignac F, Fernández-Barrés S, Romaguera D, Sala-Vila A, Lázaro I, Ranzani OT, Persavento C, Delgado A, Carol A, Torrent J, Gonzalez J, Roso E, Barrera-Gómez J, López-Vicente M, Boucher O, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Turner MC, Burgaleta M, Canals J, Arija V, Basagaña X, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, Sunyer J, Julvez J. Effect of walnut consumption on neuropsychological development in healthy adolescents: a multi-school randomised controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 59:101954. [PMID: 37096186 PMCID: PMC10121389 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Omega-3 fatty acids are critical for neuropsychological functioning. Adolescence is increasingly believed to entail brain vulnerability to dietary intake. The potential benefit on adolescent neurodevelopment of consuming walnuts, a source of omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), remains unclear. Methods We conducted a 6-month multi-school-based randomised controlled nutrition intervention trial to assess whether walnut consumption has beneficial effects on the neuropsychological and behavioural development of adolescents. The study took place between 04/01/2016 and 06/30/2017 in twelve different high schools in Barcelona, Spain (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02590848). A total of 771 healthy teenagers aged 11-16 years were randomised into two equal groups (intervention or control). The intervention group received 30 g/day of raw walnut kernels to be incorporated into their diet for 6 months. Multiple primary endpoints concerning neuropsychological (working memory, attention, fluid intelligence, and executive function) and behavioural (socio-emotional and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] symptoms) development were assessed at baseline and after intervention. Red blood cell (RBC) ALA status was determined at baseline and 6 months as a measure of compliance. Main analyses were based on intention-to-treat using a linear mixed-effects model. A per-protocol effect of the intervention was analysed using inverse-probability weighting to account for post-randomisation prognostic factors (including adherence) using generalised estimating equations. Findings In intention-to-treat analyses, at 6 months there were no statistically significant changes between the intervention and control groups for all primary endpoints. RBC ALA (%) significantly increased only in the intervention group, coefficient = 0.04 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.03, 0.06; p < 0.0001). The per-protocol (adherence-adjusted) effect on improvement in attention score (hit reaction time variability) was -11.26 ms (95% CI = -19.92, -2.60; p = 0.011) for the intervention group as compared to the control group, improvement in fluid intelligence score was 1.78 (95% CI = 0.90, 2.67; p < 0.0001), and reduction of ADHD symptom score was -2.18 (95% CI = -3.70, -0.67; p = 0.0050). Interpretation Our study suggested that being prescribed eating walnuts for 6 months did not improve the neuropsychological function of healthy adolescents. However, improved sustained attention, fluid intelligence, and ADHD symptoms were observed in participants who better complied with the walnut intervention. This study provides a foundation for further clinical and epidemiological research on the effect of walnuts and ALA on neurodevelopment in adolescents. Funding This study was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the projects 'CP14/00108, PI16/00261, PI21/00266' (co-funded by European Union Regional Development Fund 'A way to make Europe'). The California Walnut Commission (CWC) has given support by supplying the walnuts for free for the Walnuts Smart Snack Dietary Intervention Trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Pinar-Martí
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience Group (NeuroÈpia), 43204 Reus (Tarragona), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florence Gignac
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Fernández-Barrés
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience Group (NeuroÈpia), 43204 Reus (Tarragona), Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- The Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olivier Boucher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Michelle C. Turner
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Josefina Canals
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience Group (NeuroÈpia), 43204 Reus (Tarragona), Catalonia, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Corresponding author. Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), NeuroÈpia Group, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus (Tarragona), Catalonia, Spain.
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The Role of Diet as a Modulator of the Inflammatory Process in the Neurological Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061436. [PMID: 36986165 PMCID: PMC10057655 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are recognized as major causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Due to the dynamic progress of diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Schizophrenia, Depression, and Multiple Sclerosis (MD), scientists are mobilized to look for new and more effective methods of interventions. A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammatory processes and an imbalance in the composition and function of the gut microbiome, which play a critical role in the pathogenesis of various neurological diseases and dietary interventions, such as the Mediterranean diet the DASH diet, or the ketogenic diet can have beneficial effects on their course. The aim of this review was to take a closer look at the role of diet and its ingredients in modulating inflammation associated with the development and/or progression of central nervous system diseases. Presented data shows that consuming a diet abundant in fruits, vegetables, nuts, herbs, spices, and legumes that are sources of anti-inflammatory elements such as omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamins, essential minerals, and probiotics while avoiding foods that promote inflammation, create a positive brain environment and is associated with a reduced risk of neurological diseases. Personalized nutritional interventions may constitute a non-invasive and effective strategy in combating neurological disorders.
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Effect of Walnut Supplementation on Dietary Polyphenol Intake and Urinary Polyphenol Excretion in the Walnuts and Healthy Aging Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051253. [PMID: 36904251 PMCID: PMC10005107 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among all tree nuts, walnuts contain the highest total polyphenols by weight. This secondary data analysis examined the effect of daily walnut supplementation on the total dietary polyphenols and subclasses and the urinary excretion of total polyphenols in a free-living elderly population. In this 2-year prospective, randomized intervention trial (ID NCT01634841), the dietary polyphenol intake of participants who added walnuts daily to their diets at 15% of daily energy were compared to those in the control group that consumed a walnut-free diet. Dietary polyphenols and subclasses were estimated from 24 h dietary recalls. Phenolic estimates were derived from Phenol-Explorer database version 3.6. Participants in the walnut group compared to the control group had a higher intake of total polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols, and phenolic acids in mg/d (IQR): 2480 (1955, 3145) vs. 1897 (1369, 2496); 56 (42,84) vs. 29 (15, 54); 174 (90, 298) vs. 140 (61, 277); and 368 (246, 569) vs. 242 (89, 398), respectively. There was a significant inverse association between dietary flavonoid intake and urine polyphenol excretion; less urinary excretion may imply that some of the polyphenols were eliminated via the gut. Nuts had a significant contribution to the total polyphenols in the diet, suggesting that a single food like walnuts added to habitual diet can increase the polyphenol intake in a Western population.
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21
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Chen KH, Ho MH, Wang CS, Chen IH. Effect of dietary patterns on cognitive functions of older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: Dietary Patterns on Cognition of Older Adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 110:104967. [PMID: 36840986 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.104967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary patterns are associated with cognitive benefits, but inconsistent findings have been reported concerning this association. This study aims to provide a more comprehensive review and higher evidence level by evaluating evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring effects of various dietary patterns on cognitive function outcomes in older adults. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis study followed the PRISMA guidelines. Twelves search engines and databases were searched for papers published up until March 2022. Random-effects models were used to calculate effect size (ES). RESULTS Twenty-two RCTs met our inclusion criteria. A wide range of cognitive measures were used across the included studies. To reduce heterogeneity and to ensure a sufficient number of studies for meaningful interpretation, we utilized global cognition as the outcome measure. Only nine studies used global cognition measures, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), or neuropsychological test battery. Additionally, seven dietary patterns were identified in these studies. The results demonstrated that dietary patterns achieved a significant improvement on cognitive function outcomes including the MMSE/CASI (ES = 0.303; 95% CI [0.045, 0.560]), the ADAS-Cog (ES = -0.277; 95% CI [-0.515, -0.039]), and the cognitive battery (ES = 0.132; 95% CI [0.010, 0.255]). CONCLUSIONS Multidisciplinary health-care professionals may use this information as a reference when planning elder care. More large-scale, high-quality studies are required to explore the long-term effects of healthy dietary patterns on global cognition, other cognitive domains, and life quality among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Hsin Chen
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Nursing and Healthcare Research in Clinical Practice Application, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Evidence-Based Knowledge Translation Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Mu-Hsing Ho
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F, Academic Building, 3 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cai-Shih Wang
- Operating Room, Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Rd., North Dist., Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - I-Hui Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Research Center in Nursing Clinical Practice, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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22
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Impact of Nut Consumption on Cognition across the Lifespan. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041000. [PMID: 36839359 PMCID: PMC9965316 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive health is a life-long concern affected by modifiable risk factors, including lifestyle choices, such as dietary intake, with serious implications for quality of life, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. In addition, nuts are a nutrient-dense food that contain a number of potentially neuroprotective components, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, B-vitamins, non-sodium minerals, and highly bioactive polyphenols. However, increased nut consumption relates to a lower cardiovascular risk and a lower burden of cardiovascular risk factors that are shared with neurodegenerative disorders, which is why nuts have been hypothesized to be beneficial for brain health. The present narrative review discusses up-to-date epidemiological, clinical trial, and mechanistic evidence of the effect of exposure to nuts on cognitive performance. While limited and inconclusive, available evidence suggests a possible role for nuts in the maintenance of cognitive health and prevention of cognitive decline in individuals across the lifespan, particularly in older adults and those at higher risk. Walnuts, as a rich source of the plant-based polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid, are the nut type most promising for cognitive health. Given the limited definitive evidence available to date, especially regarding cognitive health biomarkers and hard outcomes, future studies are needed to better elucidate the impact of nuts on the maintenance of cognitive health, as well as the prevention and management of cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer disease.
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23
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Novaj A, Engel MG, Wang R, Mao K, Xue X, Amir Y, Atzmon G, Huffman DM. Dietary Walnuts Preserve Aspects of Health Span and Alter the Hippocampal Lipidome in Aged High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032314. [PMID: 36768636 PMCID: PMC9916809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence continues to accrue that aging and its diseases can be delayed by pharmacologic and dietary strategies that target the underlying hallmarks of the aging process. However, identifying simple, safe, and effective dietary strategies involving the incorporation of whole foods that may confer some protection against the aging process is also needed. Recent observational studies have suggested that nut consumption can reduce mortality risk in humans. Among these, walnuts are particularly intriguing, given their high content of n-3 fatty acids, fiber, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. To this end, 12-month-old male CB6F1 mice were provided either a defined control low-fat diet (LFD), a control high-fat diet (HFD), or an isocaloric HFD containing 7.67% walnuts by weight (HFD + W), and measures of healthspan and related biochemical markers (n = 10-19 per group) as well as survival (n = 20 per group) were monitored. Mice provided the HFD or HFD + W demonstrated marked weight gain, but walnuts lowered baseline glucose (p < 0.05) and tended to temper the effects of HFD on liver weight gain (p < 0.05) and insulin tolerance (p = 0.1). Additional assays suggested a beneficial effect on some indicators of health with walnut supplementation, including preservation of exercise capacity and improved short-term working memory, as determined by Y maze (p = 0.02). However, no effect was observed via any diet on inflammatory markers, antioxidant capacity, or survival (p = 0.2). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of the hippocampal transcriptome identified two processes predicted to be affected by walnuts and potentially linked to cognitive function, including estrogen signaling and lipid metabolism, with changes in the latter confirmed by lipidomic analysis. In summary, while walnuts did not significantly improve survival on a HFD, they tended to preserve features of healthspan in the context of a metabolic stressor with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardijana Novaj
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Matthew G. Engel
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kai Mao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yam Amir
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Derek M. Huffman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-430-4278; Fax: +1-718-430-8922
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24
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Lockyer S, de la Hunty AE, Steenson S, Spiro A, Stanner SA. Walnut consumption and health outcomes with public health relevance-a systematic review of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials published from 2017 to present. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:26-54. [PMID: 35912883 PMCID: PMC9732668 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Considering the accumulation of recent studies investigating the health effects of walnut consumption, both including and beyond cardiovascular health effects, a systematic review of this literature to investigate the strength of the evidence is warranted. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between walnut consumption and outcomes with public health relevance (specifically all-cause mortality, type 2 diabetes, CVD, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, neurological and mental health, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and maternal disorders) and the effect on associated disease risk markers, reported in studies published from 2017 to present. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, FSTA, CENTRAL, and Scopus were searched from 1 January 2017 to 5 May 2021. DATA EXTRACTION Human studies (cohort studies and RCTs) ≥3 weeks in duration comparing consumption of walnuts (whole, pieces, or 100% butter) to a control and measuring associations with relevant public health outcomes and disease risk markers were assessed. Key study characteristics were extracted independently by 2 investigators using a standardized table. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool 2.0 and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. DATA ANALYSIS Only 1 RCT was considered to be at low risk of bias for any of its outcomes. The cohort studies were considered to be of moderate or high quality. The results were synthesized using vote counting, based on the direction of effect. Thirty-three articles, 23 describing RCTs (walnut dose ∼10-99 g/day, 1,948 subjects) and 10 describing cohort studies (∼675,928 subjects), were included. Vote counting could be performed for the blood lipids, cardiovascular function, inflammation- and hemostatic-related factors, markers of glucose metabolism, and body weight and composition outcome groupings. The results are presented in effect direction plots. With respect to blood lipids, results from 8/8 RCTs favoured walnuts, in accordance with associations with a reduced risk of CVD suggested by cohort studies; results from 6/6 RCTs favoured control with respect to body weight and composition, although most of these effects were small. This was contrary to cohort study results suggesting small benefits of walnut consumption on body weight. There was no overall consistent direction of effect for cardiovascular function, markers of glucose metabolism, or inflammation- and hemostatic-related factors. CONCLUSIONS Evidence published since 2017 is consistent with previous research suggesting that walnut consumption improves lipid profiles and is associated with reduced CVD risk. Evidence is accumulating in other areas, such as cognitive health, although more research is needed to draw firm conclusions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD4202122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Lockyer
- are employed by the British Nutrition Foundation, London, UK
| | | | - Simon Steenson
- are employed by the British Nutrition Foundation, London, UK
| | - Ayela Spiro
- are employed by the British Nutrition Foundation, London, UK
| | - Sara A Stanner
- are employed by the British Nutrition Foundation, London, UK
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25
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Coley N, Giulioli C, Aisen PS, Vellas B, Andrieu S. Randomised controlled trials for the prevention of cognitive decline or dementia: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101777. [PMID: 36336171 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dementia prevention research has progressed rapidly in recent years, with publication of several large lifestyle intervention trials, and renewed interest in pharmacological interventions, notably for individuals with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, warranting an updated review of results and methodology. We identified 112 completed trials testing the efficacy of single-domain pharmacological (n = 33, 29%), nutritional (n = 27, 24%), physical activity (n = 18, 16%) and cognitive stimulation (n = 13, 12%), or multidomain (n = 22, 20%) interventions on incident dementia, or a relevant intermediate marker (e.g. cognitive function, biomarkers or dementia risk scores) in people without dementia. The earliest trials tested pharmacological interventions or nutritional supplements, but lifestyle interventions predominated in the last decade. In total, 21 (19%) trials demonstrated a clear beneficial effect on the pre-specified primary outcome (or all co-primary outcomes), but only two (10%) were large-scale (testing blood pressure lowering (Syst-Eur) or multidomain (FINGER) interventions on incident dementia and cognitive change in cognitive function, respectively). Of the 116 ongoing trials, 40% (n = 46) are testing multidomain interventions. Recent methodological shifts concern target populations, primary outcome measures, and intervention design, but study design remains constant (parallel group randomised controlled trial). Future trials may consider using adaptive trials or interventions, and more targeted approaches, since certain interventions may be more effective in certain subgroups of the population, and at specific times in the life-course. Efforts should also be made to increase the representativeness and diversity of prevention trial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Coley
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1295, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
| | - Caroline Giulioli
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1295, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1295, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France; Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Sandrine Andrieu
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1295, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal and Geriatric Medicine, University of New Mexico, USA
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26
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Allcock L, Mantzioris E, Villani A. Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet is associated with physical and cognitive health: A cross-sectional analysis of community-dwelling older Australians. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1017078. [PMID: 36466491 PMCID: PMC9709195 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor cognitive function is associated with reduced functional independence, risk of institutionalization and reduced health-related quality of life. The ability to independently perform instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs) is compromised in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Emerging evidence suggests that adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), may play an important protective role against cognitive decline and dementia risk, whilst preserving functional status. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the independent associations between MedDiet adherence, cognitive risk, and functional status in community-dwelling older adults living in Australia. MedDiet adherence was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS); a modified Lawton's iADL scale was used for the assessment of functional status and risk of cognitive impairment was assessed using the AD8 dementia screening intervention. A total of n = 294 participants were included in the final analyses (70.4 ± 6.2 years; Females, n = 201; Males, n = 91; n = 2 unspecified). Adherence to a MedDiet was positively associated with functional ability (β = 0.172; CI: 0.022, 0.132; P = 0.006) independent of age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking status, sleep duration, physical activity duration, diabetes status, and level of education. Furthermore, MedDiet adherence was inversely associated with cognitive risk (β = -0.134; CI: -0.198, -0.007; P = 0.035) independent of all covariates. However, our sensitivity analyses further showed that adherence to a MedDiet was not associated with cognitive risk in older adults free from cognitive impairment. We showed that adherence to a MedDiet is associated with healthy physical and cognitive aging. Nevertheless, exploration of these findings in larger cohorts, using longitudinal analyses and controlling for important confounders to ascertain the direction of the relationship is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Allcock
- School of Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | - Evangeline Mantzioris
- Clinical and Health Sciences and Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anthony Villani
- School of Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
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27
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Elouafy Y, El Idrissi ZL, El Yadini A, Harhar H, Alshahrani MM, AL Awadh AA, Goh KW, Ming LC, Bouyahya A, Tabyaoui M. Variations in Antioxidant Capacity, Oxidative Stability, and Physicochemical Quality Parameters of Walnut ( Juglans regia) Oil with Roasting and Accelerated Storage Conditions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227693. [PMID: 36431794 PMCID: PMC9696496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnut oil, like all vegetable oils, is chemically unstable because of the sensitivity of its unsaturated fatty acids to the oxidation phenomenon. This phenomenon is based on a succession of chemical reactions, under the influence of temperature or storage conditions, that always lead to a considerable change in the quality of the oil by promoting the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids through the degradation of their C-C double bonds, leading to the formation of secondary oxidation products that reduce the nutritional values of the oil. This research examines the oxidative stability of roasted and unroasted cold-pressed walnut oils under accelerated storage conditions. The oxidative stability of both oils was evaluated using physicochemical parameters: chemical composition (fatty acids, phytosterols, and tocopherols), pigment content (chlorophyll and carotenoids), specific extinction coefficients (K232 and K270), and quality indicators (acid and peroxide value) as well as the evaluation of radical scavenging activity by the DPPH method. The changes in these parameters were evaluated within 60 days at 60 ± 2 °C. The results showed that the levels of total phytosterols, the parameters of the acid and peroxide value, K232 and K270, increased slightly for both oils as well as the total tocopherol content and the antioxidant activity affected by the roasting process. In contrast, the fatty acid profiles did not change considerably during the 60 days of our study. After two months of oil treatment at 60 °C, the studied oils still showed an excellent physicochemical profile, which allows us to conclude that these oils are stable and can withstand such conditions. This may be due to the considerable content of tocopherols (vitamin E), which acts as an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Elouafy
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat BP 1014, Morocco
| | - Zineb Lakhlifi El Idrissi
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat BP 1014, Morocco
| | - Adil El Yadini
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat BP 1014, Morocco
| | - Hicham Harhar
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat BP 1014, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah AL Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.W.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat BP 1014, Morocco
- Correspondence: (K.W.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Mohamed Tabyaoui
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat BP 1014, Morocco
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28
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Tan B, Wang Y, Zhang X, Sun X. Recent Studies on Protective Effects of Walnuts against Neuroinflammation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204360. [PMID: 36297047 PMCID: PMC9609811 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the aging process and the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Accordingly, possible therapeutic strategies aimed at anti-inflammatory effects may be beneficial to brain health. Walnut kernels contain large quantities of unsaturated fatty acids, peptides, and phenolic compounds that have anti-inflammatory effects. The long-term intake of walnuts has been found to improve cognitive function and memory in rats and humans. However, the modulatory effect of walnuts on neuroinflammation has received much less attention. This review focuses on the potential influence and main regulating mechanisms of walnuts and their active ingredients on neuroinflammation, including the regulation of microglia activation induced by amyloid β or lipopolysaccharides, inhibition of peripheral inflammation mediated by macrophages, reduction in oxidative stress by decreasing free radical levels and boosting antioxidant defenses, and control of gut microbes to maintain homeostasis. However, the majority of evidence of the beneficial effects of walnuts or their components on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration comes from experimental work, whereas evidence from clinical studies on the beneficial effects is scarcer and less conclusive. This review aims to provide new insights into the neuroinflammation-regulating mechanisms and natural active ingredients of walnuts and the development of walnut-based functional foods for the alleviation of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence:
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29
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Haskell-Ramsay CF, Dodd FL, Smith D, Cuthbertson L, Nelson A, Lodge JK, Jackson PA. Mixed Tree Nuts, Cognition, and Gut Microbiota: A 4-Week, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Crossover Trial in Healthy Nonelderly Adults. J Nutr 2022; 152:2778-2788. [PMID: 36202391 PMCID: PMC9840001 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beneficial effects of nut supplementation on cognitive function have previously been demonstrated in young and older adults. Alterations to gut microbiota have also been shown following tree nut consumption. However, no data exists on the effects of nuts on cognition and intestinal microbial communities assessed within the same study. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to examine the effects of daily consumption of tree nuts for 4 wk on cognitive function (primary outcome), mood, metabolomics, and gut microbial species (secondary outcomes) in healthy, nonelderly adults. METHODS This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, counterbalanced crossover study assessed the effects of 4 wk of supplementation with 30 g/d mixed tree nuts versus placebo on cognition and mood in 79 healthy adults aged 18-49 y. Metabolic responses, gut bacterial community structure, and the potential for these to impact cognition were explored using a multi-omic approach. Bacterial community analysis was conducted in Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME2). RESULTS Mixed model analysis indicated that nut consumption led to significant improvements to accuracy (placebo M = 92.2% compared with NUTS M = 94.5%; P = 0.019) and speed of response (placebo M = 788 ms compared with NUTS M = 757 ms; P = 0.004) on a picture recognition task. No significant changes to bacterial community α or β diversity were observed when comparing nut consumption to the placebo arm. However, an unclassified Lachnospiraceae amplicon sequence variant (ASV) was significantly enriched in participants when supplemented with nuts (P = 0.015). No correlations were observed between the changes to picture recognition and the changes to the unclassified Lachnospiraceae ASV. There were no significant changes to the urinary metabolome. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a positive effect of nut on cognition following only 4 wk of consumption in a healthy nonelderly sample, as well as upregulation of a microbial taxa associated with gut health. The effects appear to be independent of one another, but further exploration is required in those experiencing cognitive decline and/or gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona L Dodd
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Smith
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Cuthbertson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John K Lodge
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa A Jackson
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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30
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Sala-Vila A, Fleming J, Kris-Etherton P, Ros E. Impact of α-Linolenic Acid, the Vegetable ω-3 Fatty Acid, on Cardiovascular Disease and Cognition. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1584-1602. [PMID: 35170723 PMCID: PMC9526859 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the evidence of the health benefits of plant-based diets and long-chain n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids, there is keen interest in better understanding the role of α-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived n-3 fatty acid, on cardiometabolic diseases and cognition. There is increasing evidence for ALA largely based on its major food sources (i.e., walnuts and flaxseed); however, this lags behind our understanding of long-chain n-3 fatty acids. Meta-analyses of observational studies have shown that increasing dietary ALA is associated with a 10% lower risk of total cardiovascular disease and a 20% reduced risk of fatal coronary heart disease. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) [AlphaOmega trial, Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial, and Lyon Diet Heart Study] all showed benefits of diets high in ALA on cardiovascular-related outcomes, but the AlphaOmega trial, designed to specifically evaluate ALA effects, only showed a trend for benefit. RCTs have shown that dietary ALA reduced total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure, and epidemiologic studies and some trials also have shown an anti-inflammatory effect of ALA, which collectively account for, in part, the cardiovascular benefits of ALA. A meta-analysis reported a trend toward diabetes risk reduction with both dietary and biomarker ALA. For metabolic syndrome and obesity, the evidence for ALA benefits is inconclusive. The role of ALA in cognition is in the early stages but shows promising evidence of counteracting cognitive impairment. Much has been learned about the health benefits of ALA and with additional research we will be better positioned to make strong evidence-based dietary recommendations for the reduction of many chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Sala-Vila
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Fleming
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Penny Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Association between egg consumption and cognitive function among Chinese adults: long-term effect and interaction effect of iron intake. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1180-1189. [PMID: 34736543 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The association between egg consumption and cognitive function is inclusive. We aimed to assess the association between egg consumption and cognitive function in Chinese adults and tested the interaction between egg consumption and Fe intake. The data used were from a nationwide sample (n 4852, age ≥ 55 years) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey between 1991 and 2006. Assessment of cognitive function was conducted in 1997, 2000, 2004 and 2006. Dietary egg intake was obtained by 24-h dietary recalls of 3 consecutive days during home visits between 1991 and 2006. Multivariable mixed linear regression and logistic regression were used. Egg intake was positively associated with global cognitive function. In fully adjusted models, across the quartiles of egg intake the regression coefficients were 0, 0·11 (95 % CI -0·28, 0·51), 0·79 (95 % CI 0·36, 1·22) and 0·92 (95 % CI 0·43, 1·41), respectively. There was a significant interaction between egg intake and Fe intake. The association between high egg intake and cognitive function was stronger among those with low Fe intake than those with high Fe intake. In addition, there was a significant interaction between egg consumption and sex, with the association mainly observed in women but not men. Furthermore, compared with non-consumers, those with higher egg consumption (Q4) had the OR of 0·93 (95 % CI 0·74, 1·19), 0·84 (95 % CI 0·69, 1·02) for self-reported poor memory and self-reported memory decline, respectively. Higher egg intake is associated with better cognition in Chinese adults among those with low Fe intake.
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Sukik L, Liu J, Shi Z. Tea Consumption Is Associated with Reduced Cognitive Decline and Interacts with Iron Intake: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study on 4,820 Old Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:271-282. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies suggest a positive effect of tea intake on cognition. Additional micronutrients that may moderate this association was not previously examined. Objective: To examine the association between tea consumption and cognition and explore the interaction between tea consumption and iron intake. Methods: Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey between 1997 and 2011 was used. 4,820 individuals (≥55 years) were included in the analyses. Measurement of cognitive function was conducted in 1997, 2000, 2004, and 2006. Tea consumption was self-reported. Food intake was assessed by 24-hour dietary recalls of three consecutive days during home visits between 1997 and 2011. Multivariable mixed linear regression and logistic regression was used to assess the association. Results: Tea consumption was associated with reduced global cognitive function decline. In fully adjusted models, regression coefficients (95% CIs) for those who consumed 0 cups/day,<2 cups/day, 2–3.9 cups/day, and≥4 cups/day of tea were 0, –0.09 (–0.55–0.37), 0.05 (–0.34–0.45), and 0.87 (0.46–1.29), respectively. This effect was stronger in adults > 60 years. Tea consumption of≥4 cups/day was inversely associated with self-reported poor memory (OR 0.70 (95% CI 0.56–0.86)) and memory decline (OR, 0.73 (95% CI 0.62–0.87)). There was a significant interaction between tea consumption and iron intake in relation to cognition. High iron intake was inversely associated with cognition in non-consumers of tea but not in tea consumers. Conclusion: Higher tea intake is associated with reduced cognitive decline in adults and inhibits the adverse effect of high iron intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layan Sukik
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jianghong Liu
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zumin Shi
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Dalile B, Kim C, Challinor A, Geurts L, Gibney ER, Galdos MV, La Fata G, Layé S, Mathers JC, Vauzour D, Verkuyl JM, Thuret S. The EAT-Lancet reference diet and cognitive function across the life course. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e749-e759. [PMID: 36087605 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The EAT-Lancet Commission devised a sustainable reference diet with the aim of reducing the incidence of non-communicable diseases and mortality globally while improving food system sustainability. The extent to which the reference diet supports cognitive function across the life course, however, has not yet been evaluated. This Review assesses the evidence for diet supporting cognitive function from childhood into old age. A comprehensive but non-exhaustive literature search was done, synthesising studies that investigated the effect of whole foods on cognition in healthy, community-dwelling human participants. We found that the current evidence base is weak with mixed conclusions and multiple methodological caveats, which precludes strong conclusions pertaining to the suitability of dietary recommendations for each food group per age group. Long-term intervention and prospective cohort studies are needed to reduce this knowledge deficit. Revising dietary recommendations with the aim of maintaining an adequate nutrient intake to sustain healthy cognitive function across the life course could be worthwhile. This Review outlines recommendations for future work to help improve the current knowledge deficit regarding dietary intake and cognitive function across the life course and its implications for dietary guidelines such as the EAT-Lancet Commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boushra Dalile
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Curie Kim
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andy Challinor
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lucie Geurts
- International Life Sciences Institute European Branch, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- Institute of Food Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcelo V Galdos
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Giorgio La Fata
- Health Nutrition and Care Innovation, Global Research and Development Center, DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - J Martin Verkuyl
- Danone Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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Abstract
This review examines key studies published in 2021 that are related to primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Major randomized clinical trials (RCTs) concerning traditional risk factors or ASCVD events, meta‐analyses, and key observational studies related to primary prevention of ASCVD were considered. The review includes interventions for weight loss, cardiometabolic and renal disease, blood pressure control, diet, and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease events. A few studies considered both primary and secondary prevention populations. The review is not exhaustive. We did not include studies that focused on heart failure or clinical presentations that may be difficult to classify, such as acute or chronic ischemic cardiovascular disease without myocardial infarction. Our purpose was to highlight recent research that will help the reader stay abreast of the changing field of cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar S Polonsky
- Department of Medicine University of Chicago Medicine Chicago IL
| | - Amit Khera
- Department of Medicine University of Texas, Southwestern Dallas TX
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The association of energy and macronutrient intake with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and dementia: findings from 120 963 women and men in the UK Biobank. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:1858-1867. [PMID: 34256879 PMCID: PMC9244434 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100266x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between individual and combinations of macronutrients with premature death, CVD and dementia. Sex differences were investigated. Data were utilised from a prospective cohort of 120 963 individuals (57 % women) within the UK Biobank, who completed ≥ two 24-h diet recalls. The associations of macronutrients, as percentages of total energy intake, with outcomes were investigated. Combinations of macronutrients were defined using k-means cluster analysis, with clusters explored in association with outcomes. There was a higher risk of death with high carbohydrate intake (hazard ratios (HR), 95 % CI upper v. lowest third 1·13 (1·03, 1·23)), yet a lower risk with higher intakes of protein (upper v. lowest third 0·82 (0·76, 0·89)). There was a lower risk of CVD with moderate intakes (middle v. lowest third) of energy and protein (sub distribution HR (SHR), 0·87 (0·79, 0·97) and 0·87 (0·79, 0·96), respectively). There was a lower risk of dementia with moderate energy intake (SHR 0·71 (0·52, 0·96)). Sex differences were identified. The dietary cluster characterised by low carbohydrate, low fat and high protein was associated with a lower risk of death (HR 0·84 (0·76, 0·93)) compared with the reference cluster and a lower risk of CVD for men (SHR 0·83 (0·71, 0·97)). Given that associations were evident, both as single macronutrients and for combinations with other macronutrients for death, and for CVD in men, we suggest that the biggest benefit from diet-related policy and interventions will be when combinations of macronutrients are targeted.
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Jiwani R, Robbins R, Neri A, Renero J, Lopez E, Serra MC. Effect of Dietary Intake Through Whole Foods on Cognitive Function: Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:146-160. [PMID: 35334104 PMCID: PMC11110908 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review evaluated recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the chronic intake of whole foods associated with the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurogenerative Delay (MIND), and ketogenic (KETO) diets on cognitive function. RECENT FINDINGS We identified RCTs related to olive oil (N = 3), nuts (N = 7), fatty fish (N = 1), lean meats (N = 4), fruits and vegetables (N = 9), legumes (N = 1), and low-fat dairy (N = 4), with 26/29 reporting positive results on at least one measure of cognition. We also identified 6 RCTs related to whole food-induced KETO diets, with half reporting positive effects on cognition. Variations in study design (i.e., generally the studies are < 6 months and include middle-aged and older, cognitively intact participants) and small sample sizes make it difficult to draw conclusions across studies; however, the current evidence from RCTs generally supports individual component intakes of these dietary patterns as an effective, nonpharmacological approach to improve cognitive health in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozmin Jiwani
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Ronna Robbins
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alfonso Neri
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jose Renero
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Emme Lopez
- Dolph Briscoe, Jr. Library, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Monica C Serra
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Walnut Oil Reduces Aβ Levels and Increases Neurite Length in a Cellular Model of Early Alzheimer Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091694. [PMID: 35565661 PMCID: PMC9099939 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Mitochondria are the cells' main source of energy. Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a key hallmark of aging and is linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Maintaining mitochondrial function might contribute to healthy aging and the prevention of AD. The Mediterranean diet, including walnuts, seems to prevent age-related neurodegeneration. Walnuts are a rich source of α-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential n3-fatty acid and the precursor for n3-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA), which might potentially improve mitochondrial function. (2) Methods: We tested whether a lipophilic walnut extract (WE) affects mitochondrial function and other parameters in human SH-SY5Y cells transfected with the neuronal amyloid precursor protein (APP695). Walnut lipids were extracted using a Soxhlet Extraction System and analyzed using GC/MS and HPLC/FD. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations were quantified under basal conditions in cell culture, as well as after rotenone-induced stress. Neurite outgrowth was investigated, as well as membrane integrity, cellular reactive oxygen species, cellular peroxidase activity, and citrate synthase activity. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) was quantified using homogenous time-resolved fluorescence. (3) Results: The main constituents of WE are linoleic acid, oleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and γ- and δ-tocopherol. Basal ATP levels following rotenone treatment, as well as citrate synthase activity, were increased after WE treatment. WE significantly increased cellular reactive oxygen species but lowered peroxidase activity. Membrane integrity was not affected. Furthermore, WE treatment reduced Aβ1-40 and stimulated neurite growth. (4) Conclusions: WE might increase ATP production after induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. Decreased Aβ1-40 formation and enhanced ATP levels might enhance neurite growth, making WE a potential agent to enhance neuronal function and to prevent the development of AD. In this sense, WE could be a promising agent for the prevention of AD.
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Geng M, Zhao F, Lu H, Fang L, Wang J, Liu C, Min W. Insights into the hippocampus proteome and phosphorylation modification alterations in C57BL/6 revealed the memory improvement mechanisms of a walnut-derived peptide. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Gil-Zamorano J, Cofán M, López de las Hazas MC, García-Blanco T, García-Ruiz A, Doménech M, Serra-Mir M, Roth I, Valls-Pedret C, Rajaram S, Sabaté J, Ros E, Dávalos A, Sala-Vila A. Interplay of Walnut Consumption, Changes in Circulating miRNAs and Reduction in LDL-Cholesterol in Elders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071473. [PMID: 35406086 PMCID: PMC9003099 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the lipid-lowering effect of nuts remain elusive. This study explores whether one-year supplementation with walnuts decreases LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) by affecting the expression of circulating microRNAs (c-miRNA). In this sub-study of the Walnuts and Healthy Aging (WAHA) trial, we obtained fasting serum at baseline and at 1 year from 330 free-living participants (63–79 year, 68% women), allocated into a control group (CG, abstinence from walnuts, n = 164) and a walnut group (WG, 15% of daily energy as walnuts, ~30–60 g/d, n = 166). Participants in the WG showed a 1 year decrease in LDL-C (−9.07, (95% confidence interval: −12.87; −5.73) mg/dL; p = 0.010 versus changes in the CG). We conducted a miRNA array in eight randomly selected participants in the WG who decreased in LDL-C. This yielded 53 c-miRNAs with statistically significant changes, 27 of which survived the correction for multiple testing. When validating them in the full population, statistical significance lasted for hsa-miR-551a, being upregulated in the WG. In mediation analysis, the change in hsa-miR-551a was unrelated to LDL-C decrease. Long-term supplementation with walnuts decreased LDL-C independently of the changes in c-miRNA. The hsa-miR-551a upregulation, which has been linked to a reduced cell migration and invasion in several carcinomas, suggests a novel mechanism of walnuts in cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Gil-Zamorano
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (M.-C.L.d.l.H.); (T.G.-B.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.D.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (C.V.-P.); (E.R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Carmen López de las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (M.-C.L.d.l.H.); (T.G.-B.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Tatiana García-Blanco
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (M.-C.L.d.l.H.); (T.G.-B.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Almudena García-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (M.-C.L.d.l.H.); (T.G.-B.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Mónica Doménech
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.D.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (C.V.-P.); (E.R.)
| | - Mercè Serra-Mir
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.D.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (C.V.-P.); (E.R.)
| | - Irene Roth
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.D.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (C.V.-P.); (E.R.)
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.D.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (C.V.-P.); (E.R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.D.); (M.S.-M.); (I.R.); (C.V.-P.); (E.R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (M.-C.L.d.l.H.); (T.G.-B.); (A.G.-R.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (A.S.-V.); Tel.: +34-912796985 (A.D.); +34-933160400 (A.S.-V.)
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (A.S.-V.); Tel.: +34-912796985 (A.D.); +34-933160400 (A.S.-V.)
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Kaplan A, Zelicha H, Yaskolka Meir A, Rinott E, Tsaban G, Levakov G, Prager O, Salti M, Yovell Y, Ofer J, Huhn S, Beyer F, Witte V, Villringer A, Meiran N, B Emesh T, Kovacs P, von Bergen M, Ceglarek U, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Friedman A, Shelef I, Avidan G, Shai I. The effect of a high-polyphenol Mediterranean diet (Green-MED) combined with physical activity on age-related brain atrophy: the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial Polyphenols Unprocessed Study (DIRECT PLUS). Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:1270-1281. [PMID: 35021194 PMCID: PMC9071484 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of diet on age-related brain atrophy is largely unproven. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the effect of a Mediterranean diet (MED) higher in polyphenols and lower in red/processed meat (Green-MED diet) on age-related brain atrophy. METHODS This 18-mo clinical trial longitudinally measured brain structure volumes by MRI using hippocampal occupancy score (HOC) and lateral ventricle volume (LVV) expansion score as neurodegeneration markers. Abdominally obese/dyslipidemic participants were randomly assigned to follow 1) healthy dietary guidelines (HDG), 2) MED, or 3) Green-MED diet. All subjects received free gym memberships and physical activity guidance. Both MED groups consumed 28 g walnuts/d (+440 mg/d polyphenols). The Green-MED group consumed green tea (3-4 cups/d) and Mankai (Wolffia-globosa strain, 100 g frozen cubes/d) green shake (+800 mg/d polyphenols). RESULTS Among 284 participants (88% men; mean age: 51 y; BMI: 31.2 kg/m2; APOE-ε4 genotype = 15.7%), 224 (79%) completed the trial with eligible whole-brain MRIs. The pallidum (-4.2%), third ventricle (+3.9%), and LVV (+2.2%) disclosed the largest volume changes. Compared with younger participants, atrophy was accelerated among those ≥50 y old (HOC change: -1.0% ± 1.4% compared with -0.06% ± 1.1%; 95% CI: 0.6%, 1.3%; P < 0.001; LVV change: 3.2% ± 4.5% compared with 1.3% ± 4.1%; 95% CI: -3.1%, -0.8%; P = 0.001). In subjects ≥ 50 y old, HOC decline and LVV expansion were attenuated in both MED groups, with the best outcomes among Green-MED diet participants, as compared with HDG (HOC: -0.8% ± 1.6% compared with -1.3% ± 1.4%; 95% CI: -1.5%, -0.02%; P = 0.042; LVV: 2.3% ± 4.7% compared with 4.3% ± 4.5%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 5.2%; P = 0.021). Similar patterns were observed among younger subjects. Improved insulin sensitivity over the trial was the parameter most strongly associated with brain atrophy attenuation (P < 0.05). Greater Mankai, green tea, and walnut intake and less red and processed meat were significantly and independently associated with reduced HOC decline (P < 0.05). Elevated urinary concentrations of the polyphenols urolithin-A (r = 0.24; P = 0.013) and tyrosol (r = 0.26; P = 0.007) were significantly associated with lower HOC decline. CONCLUSIONS A Green-MED (high-polyphenol) diet, rich in Mankai, green tea, and walnuts and low in red/processed meat, is potentially neuroprotective for age-related brain atrophy.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03020186.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Kaplan
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hila Zelicha
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Yaskolka Meir
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ehud Rinott
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gal Tsaban
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel,Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gidon Levakov
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel,Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ofer Prager
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Moti Salti
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yoram Yovell
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonathan Ofer
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sebastian Huhn
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frauke Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, and Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, and Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, and Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nachshon Meiran
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tamar B Emesh
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alon Friedman
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel,Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ilan Shelef
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel,Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Galia Avidan
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel,Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Iris Shai
- Address correspondence to I Shai (e-mail: )
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cell senescence is implicated in numerous age-related conditions. Antiageing therapies and nutritional approaches have been researched for purposes of removing senescent cells (senolytics) to treat or prevent age-related diseases, such as cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. In this updated review, we examined the evidence from the last 18 months regarding nutrition senolytics, with a focus on cognitive ageing among older adults. RECENT FINDINGS Overall, 19 systematic reviews and 17 intervention studies were included. Studies failed to provide evidence of nutritional senolytic agents or senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) suppressors, for oral supplements providing beneficial effects on cognitive ageing among older adults. The protective role of food sources such as berries and nuts, and dietary patterns of Mediterranean diet and Mediterranean-DASH diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet against cognitive decline or risk of dementia have been mostly supported by recent studies. SUMMARY The present review gathered additional evidence for both oral supplements and foods/diets rich in nutritional senolytic agents or SASP suppressors on cognitive health among older adults. In pursuing antiageing strategies, the importance of whole foods and healthy diets should not be overlooked, future studies are warranted on long-term effects and cytotoxicity of nutritional senolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales
| | - Fiona O'Leary
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Cahoon D, Shertukde SP, Avendano EE, Tanprasertsuk J, Scott TM, Johnson EJ, Chung M, Nirmala N. Walnut intake, cognitive outcomes and risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med 2021; 53:971-997. [PMID: 34132152 PMCID: PMC8211141 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1925955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walnuts contain nutrients that are associated with improved cognitive health. To our knowledge, no review has systematically examined the effects of walnuts on cognitive function and risk for cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of walnut intake on cognition-related outcomes and risk-factors for cognitive decline in adults. METHODS Medline®, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies published until April 2020 on walnut intake, cognition (e.g. cognitive function, stroke, and mood), and selected risk factors for cognitive decline (e.g. glucose homeostasis and inflammation). Risk-of-bias and strength-of-evidence assessments were conducted using standard validated tools. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted when ≥3 studies reported quantitative data for each outcome. RESULTS 32 RCT and 7 observational study publications were included. Meta-analysis of cognition-related outcomes could not be conducted due to heterogeneity of tests. None of the 5 cognition RCTs found significant effects of walnuts on overall cognition, although 3 studies found improvements on subdomains and/or subgroups. All 7 observational studies found significant associations and a dose-response relationship between walnut intake and cognition-related outcomes. Meta-analyses of 27 RCTs reporting glucose homeostasis and inflammation outcomes, selected risk factors for cognitive decline, did not show significant effects of walnut intake. CONCLUSIONS Due to the non-uniformity of tests for cognition-related outcomes, definitive conclusions regarding the effect of walnut consumption on cognition could not be reached. Additionally, evidence does not show associations between walnut intake and glucose homeostasis or inflammation, cognitive decline risk-factors. High-quality studies with standardized measures are needed to clarify the role of walnuts in cognitive health.KEY MESSAGESThis is a systematic review and meta-analysis of 5 randomized clinical trials and 7 observational study articles of the impact of walnut intake on cognition decline and 27 randomized clinical trials of the effect of walnut intake on risk factors for cognitive decline including glucose homeostasis and inflammation.The non-uniformity of tests performed to measure cognitive function in the various studies did not allow for a meta-analysis of these studies. A definitive conclusion could therefore not be reached regarding the effect of walnut intake on cognitive decline.The evidence available does not show an association between walnut intake and glucose homeostasis or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cahoon
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shruti P. Shertukde
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esther E. Avendano
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jirayu Tanprasertsuk
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tammy M. Scott
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Johnson
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mei Chung
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nanguneri Nirmala
- Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA , USA
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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Vernuccio L, Catanese G, Inzerillo F, Salemi G, Barbagallo M. Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114080. [PMID: 34836334 PMCID: PMC8624903 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors combined are currently recognized as contributors to cognitive decline. The main independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia is advanced age followed by other determinants such as genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, including nutrition and physical activity. In the next decades, a rise in dementia cases is expected due largely to the aging of the world population. There are no hitherto effective pharmaceutical therapies to treat age-associated cognitive impairment and dementia, which underscores the crucial role of prevention. A relationship among diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors with cognitive function has been intensively studied with mounting evidence supporting the role of these determinants in the development of cognitive decline and dementia, which is a chief cause of disability globally. Several dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients have been investigated in this regard, with some encouraging and other disappointing results. This review presents the current evidence for the effects of dietary patterns, dietary components, some supplements, physical activity, sleep patterns, and social engagement on the prevention or delay of the onset of age-related cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J. Dominguez
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; +39-0916554828
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Vernuccio
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Giuseppina Catanese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Flora Inzerillo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Salemi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
- UOC of Neurology, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
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Ros E. Can specific nutrients, foods, or dietary patterns modulate cognitive function in (older) adults? Latest evidence from randomized controlled trials. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2021; 24:511-520. [PMID: 34596061 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epidemiological findings and results of randomized clinical trials in the last two decades have identified diet as a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, a predementia stage that is increasing worldwide as population ages. The literature on this critical association is expanding, making this review relevant and timely. RECENT FINDINGS Data from 15 trials and several systematic reviews/meta-analyses indicate that, in healthy older adults, isolated nutrients or antioxidant-rich foods usually fail to improve cognition. However, studies targeting populations at risk of cognitive decline tend to have positive results. There is ample epidemiological evidence of cognitive benefit from plant-based dietary patterns (i.e., Mediterranean diet), but more clinical trials are needed. Long-term multicomponent trials, simultaneously targeting several risk factors in patients with early dementia stages, offer promising evidence. A long-term multinutrient intervention in patients at risk for dementia appears as a sound preventive strategy. SUMMARY This review summarizes the latest evidence on nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns as tools to improve cognition and promote brain health. Dietary changes are important to help delay cognitive decline, particularly in populations more at risk. Large-scale strategies based on healthy diets combined with other health-promoting lifestyle changes should be a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions, Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Gutierrez L, Folch A, Rojas M, Cantero JL, Atienza M, Folch J, Camins A, Ruiz A, Papandreou C, Bulló M. Effects of Nutrition on Cognitive Function in Adults with or without Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113728. [PMID: 34835984 PMCID: PMC8621754 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New dietary approaches for the prevention of cognitive impairment are being investigated. However, evidence from dietary interventions is mainly from food and nutrient supplement interventions, with inconsistent results and high heterogeneity between trials. We conducted a comprehensive systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in MEDLINE-PubMed, from January 2018 to July 2021, investigating the impact of dietary counseling, as well as food-based and dietary supplement interventions on cognitive function in adults with or without cognitive impairment. Based on the search strategy, 197 eligible publications were used for data abstraction. Finally, 61 articles were included in the analysis. There was reasonable evidence that dietary patterns, as well as food and dietary supplements improved cognitive domains or measures of brain integrity. The Mediterranean diet showed promising results, whereas the role of the DASH diet was not clear. Healthy food consumption improved cognitive function, although the quality of these studies was relatively low. The role of dietary supplements was mixed, with strong evidence of the benefits of polyphenols and combinations of nutrients, but with low evidence for PUFAs, vitamin D, specific protein, amino acids, and other types of supplements. Further well-designed RCTs are needed to guide the development of dietary approaches for the prevention of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gutierrez
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Alexandre Folch
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Melina Rojas
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - José Luis Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.L.C.); (M.A.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.L.C.); (M.A.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Jaume Folch
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Antoni Camins
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
- ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christopher Papandreou
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-97-775-9388
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Parilli-Moser I, Domínguez-López I, Trius-Soler M, Castellví M, Bosch B, Castro-Barquero S, Estruch R, Hurtado-Barroso S, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Consumption of peanut products improves memory and stress response in healthy adults from the ARISTOTLE study: A 6-month randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5556-5567. [PMID: 34656952 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanuts are rich in bioactive compounds that may have a positive impact on memory and stress response. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of regular consumption of peanut products on cognitive functions and stress response in healthy young adults. DESIGN A three-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in 63 healthy young adults that consumed 25 g/day of skin roasted peanuts (SRP, n = 21), 32 g/d of peanut butter (PB, n = 23) or 32 g/d of a control butter made from peanut oil (free of phenolic compounds and fiber) (CB, n = 19) for six months. Polyphenol intake, cognitive functions, and anxiety and depression scores were evaluated using validated tests. Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and plasma and fecal fatty acids were assessed by chromatographic methods. Urinary cortisol was quantified by an enzymatic method. RESULTS Comparing the two interventions with the control, a significant reduction in anxiety scores was observed in the SRP compared to the CB group. After the intervention, consumers of SRP and PB had an improved immediate memory (p = 0.046 and p = 0.011). Lower anxiety scores were associated with SRP and PB (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively) and lower depression scores with SRP, PB and CB (p = 0.007, p = 0.003 and p = 0.032, respectively). Memory functions and stress response were significantly correlated with polyphenol intake, fecal SCFAs, plasma and fecal very long chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFAs). CONCLUSIONS Regular peanut and peanut butter consumption may enhance memory function and stress response in a healthy young population. These effects seem to be associated with the intake of peanut polyphenols, increased levels of fecal SCFAs, and unexpectedly, VLCSFAs, which were also present in the control product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Parilli-Moser
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inés Domínguez-López
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Trius-Soler
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Magda Castellví
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Bosch
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sara Hurtado-Barroso
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Rajaram S, Cofán M, Sala-Vila A, Haddad E, Serra-Mir M, Bitok E, Roth I, Freitas-Simoes TM, Kaur A, Valls-Pedret C, Doménech M, Oda K, Corella D, Sabaté J, Ros E. Effects of Walnut Consumption for 2 Years on Lipoprotein Subclasses Among Healthy Elders: Findings From the WAHA Randomized Controlled Trial. Circulation 2021; 144:1083-1085. [PMID: 34455809 PMCID: PMC8478315 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health (S.R., E.H., A.K., K.O., J.S.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C., M.S.-M., I.R., T.M.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.D., E.R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain (M.C., M.D., D.C., E.R.)
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain (A.S.-V.)
- Fatty Acid Research Institute (FARI), Sioux Falls, SD (A.S.-V.)
| | - Ella Haddad
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health (S.R., E.H., A.K., K.O., J.S.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Mercè Serra-Mir
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C., M.S.-M., I.R., T.M.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.D., E.R.)
| | - Edward Bitok
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health (E.B.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Irene Roth
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C., M.S.-M., I.R., T.M.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.D., E.R.)
| | - Tania M Freitas-Simoes
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C., M.S.-M., I.R., T.M.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.D., E.R.)
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health (S.R., E.H., A.K., K.O., J.S.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C., M.S.-M., I.R., T.M.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.D., E.R.)
| | - Mónica Doménech
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C., M.S.-M., I.R., T.M.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.D., E.R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain (M.C., M.D., D.C., E.R.)
| | - Keiji Oda
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health (S.R., E.H., A.K., K.O., J.S.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain (M.C., M.D., D.C., E.R.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Valencia, Spain (D.C.)
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health (S.R., E.H., A.K., K.O., J.S.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C., M.S.-M., I.R., T.M.F.-S., C.V.-P., M.D., E.R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain (M.C., M.D., D.C., E.R.)
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Stromsnes K, Lagzdina R, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Gimeno-Mallench L, Gambini J. Pharmacological Properties of Polyphenols: Bioavailability, Mechanisms of Action, and Biological Effects in In Vitro Studies, Animal Models, and Humans. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1074. [PMID: 34440278 PMCID: PMC8392236 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs are bioactive compounds originally discovered from chemical structures present in both the plant and animal kingdoms. These have the ability to interact with molecules found in our body, blocking them, activating them, or increasing or decreasing their levels. Their actions have allowed us to cure diseases and improve our state of health, which has led us to increase the longevity of our species. Among the molecules with pharmacological activity produced by plants are the polyphenols. These, due to their molecular structure, as drugs, also have the ability to interact with molecules in our body, presenting various pharmacological properties. In addition, these compounds are found in multiple foods in our diet. In this review, we focused on discussing the bioavailability of these compounds when we ingested them through diet and the specific mechanisms of action of polyphenols, focusing on studies carried out in vitro, in animals and in humans over the last five years. Knowing which foods have these pharmacological activities could allow us to prevent and aid as concomitant treatment against various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Stromsnes
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (G.O.-G.)
| | - Rudite Lagzdina
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (G.O.-G.)
| | - Lucia Gimeno-Mallench
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cardenal Herrera CEU University, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Juan Gambini
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (G.O.-G.)
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Lotan R, Ganmore I, Livny A, Itzhaki N, Waserman M, Shelly S, Zacharia M, Moshier E, Uribarri J, Beisswenger P, Cai W, Troen AM, Beeri MS. Effect of Advanced Glycation End Products on Cognition in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Pilot Clinical Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1785-1795. [PMID: 34250935 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are linked to cognitive decline. However, clinical trials have not tested the effect of AGEs on cognition in older adults. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current pilot trial was to examine the feasibility of an intervention to reduce dietary AGEs on cognition and on cerebral blood flow (CBF). METHODS The design is a pilot randomized controlled trial of dietary AGEs reduction in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Seventy-five participants were randomized to two arms. The control arm received standard of care (SOC) guidelines for good glycemic control; the intervention arm, in addition to SOC guidelines, were instructed to reduce their dietary AGEs intake. Global cognition and CBF were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of intervention. RESULTS At baseline, we found a reverse association between AGEs and cognitive functioning, possibly reflecting the long-term toxicity of AGEs on the brain. There was a significant improvement in global cognition at 6 months in both the intervention and SOC groups which was more prominent in participants with mild cognitive impairment. We also found that at baseline, higher AGEs were associated with increased CBF in the left inferior parietal cortex; however, 6 months of the AGEs lowering intervention did not affect CBF levels, despite lowering AGEs exposure in blood. CONCLUSION The current pilot trial focused on the feasibility and methodology of intervening through diet to reduce AGEs in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Our results suggest that participants with mild cognitive impairment may benefit from an intensive dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Lotan
- The Nutrition and Brain Health Laboratory, The Institute of Biochemistry, Food and Nutrition Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and the Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.,The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ithamar Ganmore
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Neurology department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abigail Livny
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nofar Itzhaki
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Mark Waserman
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shahar Shelly
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Moran Zacharia
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Erin Moshier
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaime Uribarri
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Weijing Cai
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aron M Troen
- The Nutrition and Brain Health Laboratory, The Institute of Biochemistry, Food and Nutrition Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and the Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Pascual-Leone A, Bartres-Faz D. Human Brain Resilience: A Call to Action. Ann Neurol 2021; 90:336-349. [PMID: 34219268 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
At present, resilience refers to a highly heterogeneous concept with ill-defined determinants, mechanisms, and outcomes. This call for action argues for the need to define resilience as a person-centered multidimensional metric, informed by a dynamic lifespan perspective and combining observational and interventional experimental studies to identify specific neural markers and correlated behavioral measures. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlights the urgent need of such an effort with the ultimate goal of defining a new vital sign, an individual index of resilience, as a life-long metric with the capacity to predict an individual's risk for disability in the face of a stressor, insult, injury, or disease. ANN NEUROL 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA.,Institut Guttmann de Neurorehabilitació, Guttmann Brain Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bartres-Faz
- Institut Guttmann de Neurorehabilitació, Guttmann Brain Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut - Campus Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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