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Appunu C, Krishna SS, Chandar SRH, Valarmathi R, Suresha GS, Sreenivasa V, Malarvizhi A, Manickavasagam M, Arun M, Kumar RA, Gomathi R, Hemaprabha G. Overexpression of EaALDH7, an aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from Erianthus arundinaceus enhances salinity tolerance in transgenic sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrid). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024:112206. [PMID: 39096975 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Aldehyde Dehydrogenases (ALDH), a group of enzymes, are associated with the detoxification of aldehydes, produced in plants during abiotic stress conditions. Salinity remains a pivotal abiotic challenge that poses a significant threat to cultivation and yield of sugarcane. In this study, an Aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (EaALDH7) from Erianthus arundinaceus was overexpressed in the commercial sugarcane hybrid cultivar Co 86032. The transgenic lines were evaluated at different NaCl concentrations ranging from 0mM to 200mM for various morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters. The control plants, subjected to salinity stress condition, exhibited morphological changes in protoxylem, metaxylem, pericycle and pith whereas the transgenic events were on par with plants under regular irrigation. The overexpressing (OE) lines showed less cell membrane injury and improved photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance than the untransformed control plants under stress conditions. Elevated proline content, higher activity of enzymatic antioxidants such as sodium dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and low level of malondialdehyde MDA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the transgenic lines. The analysis of EaALDH7 expression revealed a significant upregulation in the transgenic lines compared to that of the untransformed control during salt stress conditions. The current study highlights the potentials of EaALDH7 gene in producing salinity-tolerant sugarcane cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Muthukrishnan Arun
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Arun Kumar
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raju Gomathi
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shah MH, Khan MR. Effectiveness of local isolates of Trichoderma spp. in imparting drought tolerance in rice, Oryza sativa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17672. [PMID: 39085326 PMCID: PMC11291678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice is a crop that requires high amount of water, and the drought is a major constraint in paddy cultivation. Water stress condition frequently prevails due to shortage of rain which results in significantly reduced plant growth and yield of rice. In the present study capability of Trichoderma spp. in imparting drought tolerance to rice, Oryza sativa was explored. Eleven local strains of Trichoderma spp. were applied to rice cv. Swarna Sub-1 through soil application (2 g/kg soil) and seed treatment (20 g/kg seed) under 0, 25, 50 and 75% less watering of the recommended amount. The soil application of T. harzianum AMUTHZ84 significantly promoted the shoot and root length (23.6 and 21.3%) followed by seed treatment (19.7 and 18.2%) under recommended level of irrigation condition (100% irrigation). Next in effectiveness was T. viride AMUTVR73 (21.5 and 18.1%) over untreated control. However, under 75% water availability, soil application with T. harzianum AMUTHZ82 was found superior over other isolates in enhancing shoot and root length (17.7 and 16.4%). The same isolate was also recorded to be superior under 50% (12.4 and 10.1%) and 25% water availability (9.3 and 8.1%) in enhancing the plant growth and biomass of rice cv. Swarna Sub-1. The isolate also significantly enhanced the leaf pigments, and photosynthesis in the rice plants grown under 25-75% water stress condition. In general, soil application of Trichoderma isolates was found more effective than seed treatment, and the T. harzianum AMUTHZ82 provided 8-17% enhancement in the plant growth, biomass, leaf pigments and photosynthesis of rice cv. Swarna Sub-1 grown under 25-75% water stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haniph Shah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, UP, India
| | - Mujeebur Rahman Khan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, UP, India.
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Han Z, Zheng Y, Zhang X, Wang B, Guo Y, Guan Z. Flavonoid metabolism plays an important role in response to lead stress in maize at seedling stage. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:726. [PMID: 39080516 PMCID: PMC11287917 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pb stress, a toxic abiotic stress, critically affects maize production and food security. Although some progress has been made in understanding the damage caused by Pb stress and plant response strategies, the regulatory mechanisms and resistance genes involved in the response to lead stress in crops are largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, to uncover the response mechanism of maize to Pb stress phenotype, physiological and biochemical indexes, the transcriptome, and the metabolome under different concentrations of Pb stress were combined for comprehensive analysis. As a result, the development of seedlings and antioxidant system were significantly inhibited under Pb stress, especially under relatively high Pb concentrations. Transcriptome analysis revealed 3559 co-differentially expressed genes(co-DEG) under the four Pb concentration treatments (500 mg/L, 1000 mg/L, 2000 mg/L, and 3000 mg/L Pb(NO3)2), which were enriched mainly in the GO terms related to DNA-binding transcription factor activity, response to stress, response to reactive oxygen species, cell death, the plasma membrane and root epidermal cell differentiation. Metabolome analysis revealed 72 and 107 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) under T500 and T2000, respectively, and 36 co-DEMs. KEGG analysis of the DEMs and DEGs revealed a common metabolic pathway, namely, flavonoid biosynthesis. An association study between the flavonoid biosynthesis-related DEMs and DEGs revealed 20 genes associated with flavonoid-related metabolites, including 3 for genistin and 17 for calycosin. CONCLUSION In summary, the study reveals that flavonoid metabolism plays an important role in response to Pb stress in maize, which not only provides genetic resources for the genetic improvement of maize Pb tolerance in the future but also enriches the theoretical basis of the maize Pb stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanping Han
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yiyang Guo
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhongrong Guan
- Chongqing Yudongnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
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Batelli G, Ruggiero A, Esposito S, Venezia A, Lupini A, Nurcato R, Costa A, Palombieri S, Vitiello A, Mauceri A, Cammareri M, Sunseri F, Grandillo S, Granell A, Abenavoli MR, Grillo S. Combined salt and low nitrate stress conditions lead to morphophysiological changes and tissue-specific transcriptome reprogramming in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:108976. [PMID: 39094482 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite intense research towards the understanding of abiotic stress adaptation in tomato, the physiological adjustments and transcriptome modulation induced by combined salt and low nitrate (low N) conditions remain largely unknown. Here, three traditional tomato genotypes were grown under long-term single and combined stresses throughout a complete growth cycle. Physiological, molecular, and growth measurements showed extensive morphophysiological modifications under combined stress compared to the control, and single stress conditions, resulting in the highest penalty in yield and fruit size. The mRNA sequencing performed on both roots and leaves of genotype TRPO0040 indicated that the transcriptomic signature in leaves under combined stress conditions largely overlapped that of the low N treatment, whereas root transcriptomes were highly sensitive to salt stress. Differentially expressed genes were functionally interpreted using GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, which confirmed the stress and the tissue-specific changes. We also disclosed a set of genes underlying the specific response to combined conditions, including ribosome components and nitrate transporters, in leaves, and several genes involved in transport and response to stress in roots. Altogether, our results provide a comprehensive understanding of above- and below-ground physiological and molecular responses of tomato to salt stress and low N treatment, alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Batelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Salvatore Esposito
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Accursio Venezia
- Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-OF), 84098, Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupini
- Department of Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Roberta Nurcato
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Antonello Costa
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Samuela Palombieri
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Antonella Vitiello
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Antonio Mauceri
- Department of Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Maria Cammareri
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Department of Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Silvana Grandillo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Department of Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Stefania Grillo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy.
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Cheng L, Zhao S, Li F, Ni X, Yang N, Yu J, Wang X. Overexpression of EgrZFP6 from Eucalyptus grandis increases ROS levels by downregulating photosynthesis in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108972. [PMID: 39067106 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In plants, abiotic stressors are frequently encountered during growth and development. To counteract these challenges, zinc finger proteins play a critical role as transcriptional regulators. The EgrZFP6 gene, which codes for a zinc finger protein of the C2H2 type, was shown to be considerably elevated in the leaves of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings in the current study when they were subjected to a variety of abiotic stimuli, including heat, salinity, cold, and drought. Analysis conducted later showed that in EgrZFP6 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, EgrZFP6 was essential for causing hyponastic leaves and controlling the stress response. Furthermore, the transgenic plants showed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Additionally, in EgrZFP6-overexpressing plants, transcriptome sequencing analysis demonstrated a considerable downregulation of many genes involved in photosynthesis, decreasing electron transport efficiency and perhaps promoting the buildup of ROS. Auxin levels were higher and auxin signal transduction was compromised in the transgenic plants. Stress-related genes were also upregulated in Arabidopsis as a result of EgrZFP6 overexpression. It is hypothesized that EgrZFP6 can downregulate photosynthesis, which would cause the production of ROS in chloroplasts. As a result, this protein may alter plant stress responses and leaf morphology via a retrograde mechanism driven by ROS. These results highlight the significance of zinc finger proteins in this sophisticated process and advance our understanding of the complex link between gene regulation, ROS signaling, and plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Fangyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
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Zhang X, Qin H, Kan Z, Liu D, Wang B, Fan S, Jiang P. Growth and non-structural carbohydrates response patterns of Eucommia ulmoides under salt and drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1436152. [PMID: 39091320 PMCID: PMC11291362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1436152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Salinity and droughts are severe abiotic stress factors that limit plant growth and development. However, the differences and similarities of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) responses patterns of trees under the two stress conditions remain unclear. Methods We determined and compared the growth, physiology, and NSCs response patterns and tested the relationships between growth and NSCs concentrations (or pool size) of Eucommia ulmoides seedlings planted in field under drought and salt stress with different intensities and durations. Results and discussion We found that drought and salt stress can inhibit the growth of E. ulmoides, and E. ulmoides tended to enhance its stress resistance by increasing proline concentration and leaf thickness or density but decreasing investment in belowground biomass in short-term stress. During short-term drought and salt stress, the aboveground organs showed different NSCs response characteristics, while belowground organs showed similar change characteristics: the starch (ST) and NSCs concentrations in the coarse roots decreased, while the ST and soluble sugar (SS) concentrations in the fine roots increased to enhance stress resistance and maintain water absorption function. As salt and drought stress prolonged, the belowground organs represented different NSCs response patterns: the concentrations of ST and SS in fine roots decreased as salt stress prolonged; while ST in fine roots could still be converted into SS to maintain water absorption as drought prolonged, resulting in an increase of SS and a decrease of ST. Significant positive relationships were found between growth and the SS and total NSCs concentrations in leaves and branches, however, no significant correlations were found between growth and below-ground organs. Moreover, relationships between growth and NSCs pool size across organs could be contrast. Conclusion Our results provide important insights into the mechanisms of carbon balance and carbon starvation and the relationship between tree growth and carbon storage under stress, which were of great significance in guiding for the management of artificial forest ecosystem under the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Zhenchao Kan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Ji’nan, China
| | - Bingxin Wang
- Dalin Eucommia planting company of Gaomi County, Weifang, China
| | - Shoujin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
| | - Peipei Jiang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
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Branch HA, Moxley DR, Angert AL. Regional differences in leaf evolution facilitate photosynthesis following severe drought. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39021265 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Characterizing physiological and anatomical changes that underlie rapid evolution following climatic perturbation can broaden our understanding of how climate change is affecting biodiversity. It can also provide evidence of cryptic adaptation despite stasis at higher levels of biological organization. Here, we compared evolutionary changes in populations of Mimulus cardinalis from historically different climates in the north and south of the species' range following an exceptional drought. We grew seeds produced from predrought ancestral plants alongside peak-drought descendants in a common glasshouse and exposed them to wet and dry conditions. Before the drought, northern ancestral populations expressed traits contributing to drought escape, while southern ancestral populations expressed drought avoidance. Following the drought, both regions evolved to reduce water loss and maintain photosynthesis in dry treatments (drought avoidance), but via different anatomical alterations in stomata, trichomes, and palisade mesophyll. Additionally, southern populations lost the ability to take advantage of wet conditions. These results reveal rapid evolution towards drought avoidance at an anatomical level following an exceptional drought, but suggest that differences in the mechanisms between regions incur different trade-offs. This sheds light on the importance of characterizing underlying mechanisms for downstream life-history and macromorphological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A Branch
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dylan R Moxley
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Amy L Angert
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Liu L, Yan W, Liu B, Qin W. Molecular Insights into Red Palm Weevil Resistance Mechanisms of Coconut ( Cocos nucifera) Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1928. [PMID: 39065455 PMCID: PMC11280253 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Red palm weevil (RPW) (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) threatens most palm species worldwide. This study investigated the molecular responses of coconut (Cocos nucifera) leaves to RPW infestation through metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis. An RPW insect attack model was developed by placing different RPW larval densitiesin coconut plants and measuring the relative chlorophyll content of different leaf positions and physiological indicators of dysfunction after RPW infestation. The metabolomic changes were detected in the leaves of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days after infestation (DAI) using GC-MS. Certain metabolites (glycine, D-pinitol, lauric acid, allylmalonic acid, D-glucaro-1, 4-lactone, protocatechuic acid, alpha, and alpha-trehalose) were found to be possible indicators for distinct stages of infestation using metabolomics analysis. The influence on ABC transporters, glutathione, galactose, and glycolipid metabolism was emphasized by pathway analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 5, 10, 15, and 20 DAI through transcriptomics analysis of infested coconut leaves, with altered expression levels under RPW infestation. The KEGG pathway and GO analysis revealed enrichment in pathways related to metabolism, stress response, and plant-pathogen interactions, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms underlying coconut-RPW interactions. The identified genes may serve as potential markers for tracking RPW infestation progression and could inform strategies for pest control and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China; (W.Y.); (B.L.); (W.Q.)
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Wei J, Li H, Huang X, Zhao Y, Ouyang L, Wei M, Wang C, Wang J, Lu G. Elucidating the regulatory role of long non-coding RNAs in drought stress response during seed germination in leaf mustard. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17661. [PMID: 38978758 PMCID: PMC11229683 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss), an important vegetable crop, experiences pronounced adversity due to seasonal drought stress, particularly at the seed germination stage. Although there is partial comprehension of drought-responsive genes, the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in adjusting mustard's drought stress response is largely unexplored. In this study, we showed that the drought-tolerant cultivar 'Weiliang' manifested a markedly lower base water potential (-1.073 MPa vs -0.437 MPa) and higher germination percentage (41.2% vs 0%) than the drought-susceptible cultivar 'Shuidong' under drought conditions. High throughput RNA sequencing techniques revealed a significant repertoire of lncRNAs from both cultivars during germination under drought stress, resulting in the identification of 2,087 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and their correspondingly linked 12,433 target genes. It was noted that 84 genes targeted by DEL exhibited enrichment in the photosynthesis pathway. Gene network construction showed that MSTRG.150397, a regulatory lncRNA, was inferred to potentially modulate key photosynthetic genes (Psb27, PetC, PetH, and PsbW), whilst MSTRG.107159 was indicated as an inhibitory regulator of six drought-responsive PIP genes. Further, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) corroborated the involvement of light intensity and stress response genes targeted by the identified DELs. The precision and regulatory impact of lncRNA were verified through qPCR. This study extends our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms governing drought stress responses in mustard, which will help strategies to augment drought tolerance in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Wei
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Xiaoer Huang
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Yongguo Zhao
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Lejun Ouyang
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Mingken Wei
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyuan Lu
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
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Bao WW, Chen X, Li RN, Li M, Xie CJ, Dou MR, Zhang KZ, Wang J, Gao ZX, Liu ZD, Xu Y. Comprehensive assessment of drought resistance and recovery in kiwifruit genotypes using multivariate analysis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:100-114. [PMID: 38600835 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
As global climate change persists, ongoing warming exposes plants, including kiwifruit, to repeated cycles of drought stress and rewatering, necessitating the identification of drought-resistant genotypes for breeding purposes. To better understand the physiological mechanisms underlying drought resistance and recovery in kiwifruit, moderate (40-45% field capacity) and severe (25-30% field capacity) drought stresses were applied, followed by rewatering (80-85% field capacity) to eight kiwifruit rootstocks in this study. We then conducted a multivariate analysis of 20 indices for the assessment of drought resistance and recovery capabilities. Additionally, we identified four principal components, each playing a vital role in coping with diverse water conditions. Three optimal indicator groups were pinpointed, enhancing precision in kiwifruit drought resistance and recovery assessment and simplifying the evaluation system. Finally, MX-1 and HW were identified as representative rootstocks for future research on kiwifruit's responses to moderate and severe drought stresses. This study not only enhances our understanding of the response mechanisms of kiwifruit rootstocks to progressive drought stress and recovery but also provides theoretical guidance for reliable screening of drought-adaptive kiwifruit genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cui-Juan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Ru Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang-Zhuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Gao
- Yangling International Kiwifruit Innovation and Entrepreneurship Park, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhan-De Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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11
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Jaime C, Dezar C, Pagán I, Dunger G. Expression of the alfalfa gene MsMDHAR in Arabidopsis thaliana increases water stress tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14448. [PMID: 39082126 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The ascorbate-glutathione pathway plays an essential role in the physiology of vascular plants, particularly in their response to environmental stresses. This pathway is responsible for regulating the cellular redox state, which is critical for maintaining cell function and survival under adverse conditions. To study the involvement of the alfalfa monodehydroascorbate reductase (MsMDHAR) in water stress processes, Arabidopsis thaliana plants constitutively expressing the sequence encoding MsMDHAR were developed. Transgenic events with low and high MsMDHAR expression and ascorbate levels were selected for further analysis of drought and waterlogging tolerance. Under water stress, Arabidopsis transgenic plants generated higher biomass, produced more seeds, and had larger roots than wild type ones. This higher tolerance was associated with increased production of waxes and chlorophyll a at the basal level, greater stomatal opening and stability in regulating the relative water content and reduced H2O2 accumulation under stress conditions in transgenic plants. Overall, these results show that MsMDHAR is involved in plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. The data presented here also emphasises the potential of the MsMDHAR enzyme as a plant breeding tool to improve water stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Jaime
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, España
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos Dezar
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Israel Pagán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, España
| | - German Dunger
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, España
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
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12
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Yao Y, Nan L, Wang K, Xia J, Ma B, Cheng J. Integrative leaf anatomy structure, physiology, and metabolome analyses revealed the response to drought stress in sainfoin at the seedling stage. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:1174-1185. [PMID: 38553821 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia) is a vital legume forage, and drought is the primary element impeding sainfoin growth. OBJECTIVE The anatomical structure, physiological indexes, and metabolites of the leaves of sainfoin seedlings with a drought-resistant line of P1 (DRL) and a drought-sensitive material of 2049 (DSM) were analyzed under drought (-1.0 MPa) with polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000). METHODS The leaf anatomy was studied by the paraffin section method. The related physiological indexes were measured by the hydroxylamine oxidation method, titanium sulfate colorimetric method, thiobarbituric acid method, acidic ninhydrin colorimetric method, and Coomassie brilliant blue method. The metabolomics analysis was composed of liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS The results revealed that the thickness of the epidermis, palisade tissue, and sponge tissue of DRL were significantly greater than those of DSM. The leaves of DRL exhibited lower levels of superoxide anion (O2 •-) production rate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared with DSM, while proline (Pro) content and soluble protein (SP) content were significantly higher than those of DSM. A total of 391 differential metabolites were identified in two samples. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment showed that the primary differential metabolites were concentrated into the tyrosine metabolism; isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis; ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinone biosynthesis; neomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin biosynthesis; and anthocyanin biosynthesis metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION Compared with DSM, DRL had more complete anatomical structure, lower active oxygen content, and higher antioxidant level. The results improved our insights into the drought-resistant mechanisms in sainfoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Yao
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lili Nan
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Biao Ma
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiao Cheng
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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13
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Brown A, Al-Azawi TNI, Methela NJ, Rolly NK, Khan M, Faluku M, Huy VN, Lee DS, Mun BG, Hussian A, Yun BW. Chitosan-fulvic acid nanoparticles enhance drought tolerance in maize via antioxidant defense and transcriptional reprogramming. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14455. [PMID: 39073158 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are promising alternatives to synthetic fertilizers in the context of climate change and sustainable agriculture. Maize plants were grown under gradient concentrations (50 μM, 100 μM, 200 μM, 500 μM, and 1 mM) of chitosan (Ch), fulvic acid (FA) or chitosan-fulvic acid nanoparticles (Ch-FANPs). Based on the overall phenotypic assessment, 100 μM was selected for downstream experiments. Maize plants grown under this optimized concentration were thereafter subjected to drought stress by water withholding for 14 days. Compared to the individual performances, the combined treatment of Ch-FANPs supported the best plant growth over chitosan, fulvic acid, or sole watered plants and alleviated the adverse effects of drought by enhancing root and shoot growth, and biomass by an average 20%. In addition, Ch-FANPs-treated plants exhibited a significant reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content (~10%), with a concomitant increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity (>100%) while showing a reduced lipid peroxidation level observed by the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content (~100%) and low electrolyte leakage level. Furthermore, chlorophyll content increased significantly (>100%) in maize plants treated with Ch-FANPs compared to Ch or FA and control in response to drought. The expression of drought-induced transcription factors, ZmDREB1A, ZmbZIP1, and ZmNAC28, and the ABA-dependent ZmCIPK3 was upregulated by Ch-FANPs. Owing to the above, Ch-FANPs are proposed as a growth-promoting agent and elicitor of drought tolerance in maize via activation of antioxidant machinery and transcriptional reprogramming of drought-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Brown
- Institute of International Research and Development, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Security and Agricultural Development, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Tiba Nazar Ibrahim Al-Azawi
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Nusrat Jahan Methela
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Nkulu Kabange Rolly
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Murtaza Khan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Mwondha Faluku
- Institute of International Research and Development, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Security and Agricultural Development, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Vu Ngoc Huy
- Institute of International Research and Development, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Security and Agricultural Development, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Sol Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil Hussian
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Institute of International Research and Development, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Security and Agricultural Development, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
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van Hooren M, van Wijk R, Vaseva II, Van Der Straeten D, Haring M, Munnik T. Ectopic Expression of Distinct PLC Genes Identifies 'Compactness' as a Possible Architectural Shoot Strategy to Cope with Drought Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:885-903. [PMID: 37846160 PMCID: PMC11209554 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) has been implicated in several stress responses, including drought. Overexpression (OE) of PLC has been shown to improve drought tolerance in various plant species. Arabidopsis contains nine PLC genes, which are subdivided into four clades. Earlier, OE of PLC3, PLC5 or PLC7 was found to increase Arabidopsis' drought tolerance. Here, we confirm this for three other PLCs: PLC2, the only constitutively expressed AtPLC; PLC4, reported to have reduced salt tolerance and PLC9, of which the encoded enzyme was presumed to be catalytically inactive. To compare each PLC and to discover any other potential phenotype, two independent OE lines of six AtPLC genes, representing all four clades, were simultaneously monitored with the GROWSCREEN-FLUORO phenotyping platform, under both control- and mild-drought conditions. To investigate which tissues were most relevant to achieving drought survival, we additionally expressed AtPLC5 using 13 different cell- or tissue-specific promoters. While no significant differences in plant size, biomass or photosynthesis were found between PLC lines and wild-type (WT) plants, all PLC-OE lines, as well as those tissue-specific lines that promoted drought survival, exhibited a stronger decrease in 'convex hull perimeter' (= increase in 'compactness') under water deprivation compared to WT. Increased compactness has not been associated with drought or decreased water loss before although a hyponastic decrease in compactness in response to increased temperatures has been associated with water loss. We propose that the increased compactness could lead to decreased water loss and potentially provide a new breeding trait to select for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max van Hooren
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1210, Amsterdam 1000BE, The Netherlands
| | - Ringo van Wijk
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1210, Amsterdam 1000BE, The Netherlands
| | - Irina I Vaseva
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Michel Haring
- Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1210, Amsterdam 1000BE, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Munnik
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1210, Amsterdam 1000BE, The Netherlands
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15
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Gan J, Qiu Y, Tao Y, Zhang L, Okita TW, Yan Y, Tian L. RNA-seq analysis reveals transcriptome reprogramming and alternative splicing during early response to salt stress in tomato root. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1394223. [PMID: 38966147 PMCID: PMC11222332 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1394223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the dominant abiotic stress conditions that cause severe damage to plant growth and, in turn, limiting crop productivity. It is therefore crucial to understand the molecular mechanism underlying plant root responses to high salinity as such knowledge will aid in efforts to develop salt-tolerant crops. Alternative splicing (AS) of precursor RNA is one of the important RNA processing steps that regulate gene expression and proteome diversity, and, consequently, many physiological and biochemical processes in plants, including responses to abiotic stresses like salt stress. In the current study, we utilized high-throughput RNA-sequencing to analyze the changes in the transcriptome and characterize AS landscape during the early response of tomato root to salt stress. Under salt stress conditions, 10,588 genes were found to be differentially expressed, including those involved in hormone signaling transduction, amino acid metabolism, and cell cycle regulation. More than 700 transcription factors (TFs), including members of the MYB, bHLH, and WRKY families, potentially regulated tomato root response to salt stress. AS events were found to be greatly enhanced under salt stress, where exon skipping was the most prevalent event. There were 3709 genes identified as differentially alternatively spliced (DAS), the most prominent of which were serine/threonine protein kinase, pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)-containing protein, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. More than 100 DEGs were implicated in splicing and spliceosome assembly, which may regulate salt-responsive AS events in tomato roots. This study uncovers the stimulation of AS during tomato root response to salt stress and provides a valuable resource of salt-responsive genes for future studies to improve tomato salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghuang Gan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongqi Qiu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilin Tao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Laining Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Thomas W. Okita
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Yanyan Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Chen S, Zhou Q, Feng Y, Dong Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu W. Responsive mechanism of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni to complex saline-alkali stress revealed by photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant regulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:176. [PMID: 38896259 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Saline-alkali stress induces oxidative damage and photosynthesis inhibition in H. citrina, with a significant downregulation of the expression of photosynthesis- and antioxidant-related genes at high concentration. Soil salinization is a severe abiotic stress that impacts the growth and development of plants. In this study, Hemerocallis citrina Baroni was used to investigate its responsive mechanism to complex saline-alkali stress (NaCl:Na2SO4:NaHCO3:Na2CO3 = 1:9:9:1) for the first time. The growth phenotype, photoprotective mechanism, and antioxidant system of H. citrina were studied combining physiological and transcriptomic techniques. KEGG enrichment and GO analyses revealed significant enrichments of genes related to photosynthesis, chlorophyll degradation and antioxidant enzyme activities, respectively. Moreover, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) found that saline-alkali stress remarkably affected the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant system. A total of 29 key genes related to photosynthesis and 29 key genes related to antioxidant enzymes were discovered. High-concentration (250 mmol L-1) stress notably inhibited the expression levels of genes related to light-harvesting complex proteins, photosystem reaction center activity, electron transfer, chlorophyll synthesis, and Calvin cycle in H. citrina leaves. However, most of them were insignificantly changed under low-concentration (100 mmol L-1) stress. In addition, H. citrina leaves under saline-alkali stress exhibited yellow-brown necrotic spots, increased cell membrane permeability and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as osmolytes. Under 100 mmol L-1 stress, ROS was eliminate by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Nevertheless, 250 mmol L-1 stress down-regulated the expression levels of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, and key enzymes in ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle as well as thioredoxin-peroxiredoxin (Trx-Prx) pathway, thus inhibiting the activities of these enzymes. In conclusion, 250 mmol L-1 saline-alkali stress caused severe damage to H. citrina mainly by inhibiting photosynthesis and ROS scavenging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qiuxue Zhou
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuwei Feng
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanjun Dong
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Tiepo AN, Coutinho ID, de Oliveira Machado G, Calzavara AK, Hertel MF, Pimenta JA, de Oliveira ALM, Colnago LA, Henning LMM, Oliveira HC, Stolf-Moreira R. Influence of plant growth-promoting bacteria on leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism of two drought-stressed neotropical tree species: a metabolomic approach. PLANTA 2024; 260:31. [PMID: 38888604 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Deforestation of Atlantic Forest has caused prolonged drought events in the last decades. The need for reforestation is growing, and the development of native seedlings that are more tolerant to drought stress is necessary. A biotechnological tool that improves plant tolerance is the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) as inoculants. Two species of PGPB were inoculated in drought-stressed seedlings of two neotropical tree species that have been used in environmental restoration programs: Cecropia pachystachya and Cariniana estrellensis. Biometrical, physiological, and metabolomic parameters from carbon and nitrogen pathways were evaluated. We found that the PGPB positively influenced photosynthesis and growth parameters in both trees under drought. The enzymes activities, the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, the amino acids, and protein contents were also influenced by the PGPB treatments. The results allowed us to find the specific composition of secondary metabolites of each plant species. This study provides evidence that there is not a single mechanism involved in drought tolerance and that the inoculation with PGPB promotes a broad-spectrum tolerance response in Neotropical trees. The inoculation with PGPB appears as an important strategy to improve drought tolerance in Atlantic Forest native trees and enhance environmental restoration programs' success. MAIN CONCLUSION: The association with plant growth-promoting bacteria improved the tolerance to drought in Neotropical trees through biochemical, physiological, and biometrical parameters. This can enhance the success of forest restoration programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Nunes Tiepo
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid-PR445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Isabel Duarte Coutinho
- Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro, São Carlos, São Paulo, 1452, 13560-970, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Kikuchi Calzavara
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid-PR445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fernandes Hertel
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid-PR445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Pimenta
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid-PR445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Alberto Colnago
- Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro, São Carlos, São Paulo, 1452, 13560-970, Brazil
| | | | - Halley Caixeta Oliveira
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid-PR445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Stolf-Moreira
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid-PR445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil.
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Wang S, Wang X, Yue L, Li H, Zhu L, Dong Z, Long Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Lignin Synthesis Genes in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6710. [PMID: 38928419 PMCID: PMC11203529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a crucial substance in the formation of the secondary cell wall in plants. It is widely distributed in various plant tissues and plays a significant role in various biological processes. However, the number of copies, characteristics, and expression patterns of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis in maize are not fully understood. In this study, bioinformatic analysis and gene expression analysis were used to discover the lignin synthetic genes, and two representative maize inbred lines were used for stem strength phenotypic analysis and gene identification. Finally, 10 gene families harboring 117 related genes involved in the lignin synthesis pathway were retrieved in the maize genome. These genes have a high number of copies and are typically clustered on chromosomes. By examining the lignin content of stems and the expression patterns of stem-specific genes in two representative maize inbred lines, we identified three potential stem lodging resistance genes and their interactions with transcription factors. This study provides a foundation for further research on the regulation of lignin biosynthesis and maize lodging resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhenying Dong
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (H.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yan Long
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (H.L.); (L.Z.)
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19
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Li S, Lu S, Wang J, Liu Z, Yuan C, Wang M, Guo J. Divergent effects of single and combined stress of drought and salinity on the physiological traits and soil properties of Platycladus orientalis saplings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1351438. [PMID: 38903426 PMCID: PMC11187290 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1351438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Drought and salinity are two abiotic stresses that affect plant productivity. We exposed 2-year-old Platycladus orientalis saplings to single and combined stress of drought and salinity. Subsequently, the responses of physiological traits and soil properties were investigated. Biochemical traits such as leaf and root phytohormone content significantly increased under most stress conditions. Single drought stress resulted in significantly decreased nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content in stems and roots, while single salt stress and combined stress resulted in diverse response of NSC content. Xylem water potential of P. orientalis decreased significantly under both single drought and single salt stress, as well as the combined stress. Under the combined stress of drought and severe salt, xylem hydraulic conductivity significantly decreased while NSC content was unaffected, demonstrating that the risk of xylem hydraulic failure may be greater than carbon starvation. The tracheid lumen diameter and the tracheid double wall thickness of root and stem xylem was hardly affected by any stress, except for the stem tracheid lumen diameter, which was significantly increased under the combined stress. Soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and available potassium content was only significantly affected by single salt stress, while soil available phosphorus content was not affected by any stress. Single drought stress had a stronger effect on the alpha diversity of rhizobacteria communities, and single salt stress had a stronger effect on soil nutrient availability, while combined stress showed relatively limited effect on these soil properties. Regarding physiological traits, responses of P. orientalis saplings under single and combined stress of drought and salt were diverse, and effects of combined stress could not be directly extrapolated from any single stress. Compared to single stress, the effect of combined stress on phytohormone content and hydraulic traits was negative to P. orientalis saplings, while the combined stress offset the negative effects of single drought stress on NSC content. Our study provided more comprehensive information on the response of the physiological traits and soil properties of P. orientalis saplings under single and combined stress of drought and salt, which would be helpful to understand the adapting mechanism of woody plants to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
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Bounaouara F, Hidri R, Falouti M, Rabhi M, Abdelly C, Zorrig W, Slama I. Silicon mitigates salinity effects on sorghum-sudangrass ( Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense) by enhancing growth and photosynthetic efficiency. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP24029. [PMID: 38902905 DOI: 10.1071/fp24029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether silicon (Si) supply was able to alleviate the harmful effects caused by salinity stress on sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor ×Sorghum sudanense ), a species of grass raised for forage and grain. Plants were grown in the presence or absence of 150mM NaCl, supplemented or not with Si (0.5mM Si). Biomass production, water and mineral status, photosynthetic pigment contents, and gas exchange parameters were investigated. Special focus was accorded to evaluating the PSI and PSII. Salinity stress significantly reduced plant growth and tissue hydration, and led to a significant decrease in all other studied parameters. Si supply enhanced whole plant biomass production by 50%, improved water status, decreased Na+ and Cl- accumulation, and even restored chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , and carotenoid contents. Interestingly, both photosystem activities (PSI and PSII) were enhanced with Si addition. However, a more pronounced enhancement was noted in PSI compared with PSII, with a greater oxidation state upon Si supply. Our findings confirm that Si mitigated the adverse effects of salinity on sorghum-sudangrass throughout adverse approaches. Application of Si in sorghum appears to be an efficient key solution for managing salt-damaging effects on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Bounaouara
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Rabaa Hidri
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed Falouti
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Mokded Rabhi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; and Department of Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Walid Zorrig
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Inès Slama
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
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21
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Zuo WT, Meng JH, Liu HC, Zhu HY, Lu MZ, Wang LQ. PagWOX11/12a from hybrid poplar enhances drought tolerance by modulating reactive oxygen species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108662. [PMID: 38691876 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
WOX11/12 is a homeobox gene of WOX11 and WOX12 in Arabidopsis that plays important roles in crown root development and growth. It has been reported that WOX11/12 participates in adventitious root (AR) formation and different abiotic stress responses, but the downstream regulatory network of WOX11/12 in poplar remains to be further investigated. In this study, we found that PagWOX11/12a is strongly induced by PEG-simulated drought stress. PagWOX11/12a-overexpressing poplar plantlets showed lower oxidative damage levels, greater antioxidant enzyme activities and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity than non-transgenic poplar plants, whereas PagWOX11/12a dominant repression weakened root biomass accumulation and drought tolerance in poplar. RNA-seq analysis revealed that several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by PagWOX11/12a are involved in redox metabolism and drought stress response. We used RT-qPCR and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays to validate the downstream target genes of PagWOX11/12a. These results provide new insights into the biological function and molecular regulatory mechanism of WOX11/12 in the abiotic resistance processes of poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Teng Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jia-Hui Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hong-Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hang-Yong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510520, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Liu-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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22
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Getzke F, Wang L, Chesneau G, Böhringer N, Mesny F, Denissen N, Wesseler H, Adisa PT, Marner M, Schulze-Lefert P, Schäberle TF, Hacquard S. Physiochemical interaction between osmotic stress and a bacterial exometabolite promotes plant disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4438. [PMID: 38806462 PMCID: PMC11133316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Various microbes isolated from healthy plants are detrimental under laboratory conditions, indicating the existence of molecular mechanisms preventing disease in nature. Here, we demonstrated that application of sodium chloride (NaCl) in natural and gnotobiotic soil systems is sufficient to induce plant disease caused by an otherwise non-pathogenic root-derived Pseudomonas brassicacearum isolate (R401). Disease caused by combinatorial treatment of NaCl and R401 triggered extensive, root-specific transcriptional reprogramming that did not involve down-regulation of host innate immune genes, nor dampening of ROS-mediated immunity. Instead, we identified and structurally characterized the R401 lipopeptide brassicapeptin A as necessary and sufficient to promote disease on salt-treated plants. Brassicapeptin A production is salt-inducible, promotes root colonization and transitions R401 from being beneficial to being detrimental on salt-treated plants by disturbing host ion homeostasis, thereby bolstering susceptibility to osmolytes. We conclude that the interaction between a global change stressor and a single exometabolite from a member of the root microbiome promotes plant disease in complex soil systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Getzke
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Guillaume Chesneau
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils Böhringer
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fantin Mesny
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nienke Denissen
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hidde Wesseler
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Priscilla Tijesuni Adisa
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Marner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch for Bioresources, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Paul Schulze-Lefert
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Till F Schäberle
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch for Bioresources, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Stéphane Hacquard
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
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23
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Sperdouli I, Panteris E, Moustaka J, Aydın T, Bayçu G, Moustakas M. Mechanistic Insights on Salicylic Acid-Induced Enhancement of Photosystem II Function in Basil Plants under Non-Stress or Mild Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5728. [PMID: 38891916 PMCID: PMC11171592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) functions were investigated in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants sprayed with 1 mM salicylic acid (SA) under non-stress (NS) or mild drought-stress (MiDS) conditions. Under MiDS, SA-sprayed leaves retained significantly higher (+36%) chlorophyll content compared to NS, SA-sprayed leaves. PSII efficiency in SA-sprayed leaves under NS conditions, evaluated at both low light (LL, 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1) and high light (HL, 900 μmol photons m-2 s-1), increased significantly with a parallel significant decrease in the excitation pressure at PSII (1-qL) and the excess excitation energy (EXC). This enhancement of PSII efficiency under NS conditions was induced by the mechanism of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) that reduced singlet oxygen (1O2) production, as indicated by the reduced quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO). Under MiDS, the thylakoid structure of water-sprayed leaves appeared slightly dilated, and the efficiency of PSII declined, compared to NS conditions. In contrast, the thylakoid structure of SA-sprayed leaves did not change under MiDS, while PSII functionality was retained, similar to NS plants at HL. This was due to the photoprotective heat dissipation by NPQ, which was sufficient to retain the same percentage of open PSII reaction centers (qp), as in NS conditions and HL. We suggest that the redox status of the plastoquinone pool (qp) under MiDS and HL initiated the acclimation response to MiDS in SA-sprayed leaves, which retained the same electron transport rate (ETR) with control plants. Foliar spray of SA could be considered as a method to improve PSII efficiency in basil plants under NS conditions, at both LL and HL, while under MiDS and HL conditions, basil plants could retain PSII efficiency similar to control plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation–Demeter (ELGO-Dimitra), 57001 Thermi, Greece;
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Tuğba Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (T.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Gülriz Bayçu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (T.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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24
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Iqbal MS, Clode PL, Malik AI, Erskine W, Kotula L. Salt tolerance in mungbean is associated with controlling Na and Cl transport across roots, regulating Na and Cl accumulation in chloroplasts and maintaining high K in root and leaf mesophyll cells. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38757412 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Salinity tolerance requires coordinated responses encompassing salt exclusion in roots and tissue/cellular compartmentation of salt in leaves. We investigated the possible control points for salt ions transport in roots and tissue tolerance to Na+ and Cl- in leaves of two contrasting mungbean genotypes, salt-tolerant Jade AU and salt-sensitive BARI Mung-6, grown in nonsaline and saline (75 mM NaCl) soil. Cryo-SEM X-ray microanalysis was used to determine concentrations of Na, Cl, K, Ca, Mg, P, and S in various cell types in roots related to the development of apoplastic barriers, and in leaves related to photosynthetic performance. Jade AU exhibited superior salt exclusion by accumulating higher [Na] in the inner cortex, endodermis, and pericycle with reduced [Na] in xylem vessels and accumulating [Cl] in cortical cell vacuoles compared to BARI Mung-6. Jade AU maintained higher [K] in root cells than BARI Mung-6. In leaves, Jade AU maintained lower [Na] and [Cl] in chloroplasts and preferentially accumulated [K] in mesophyll cells than BARI Mung-6, resulting in higher photosynthetic efficiency. Salinity tolerance in Jade AU was associated with shoot Na and Cl exclusion, effective regulation of Na and Cl accumulation in chloroplasts, and maintenance of high K in root and leaf mesophyll cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahin Iqbal
- Center for Plant Genetics and Breeding, The UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Pulses Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Ishurdi, Bangladesh
| | - Peta L Clode
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Al Imran Malik
- Center for Plant Genetics and Breeding, The UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT-Asia), Lao People's Democratic Republic Office, Vientiane, Laos
| | - William Erskine
- Center for Plant Genetics and Breeding, The UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kotula
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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25
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Monterisi S, Zhang L, Garcia-Perez P, Alzate Zuluaga MY, Ciriello M, El-Nakhel C, Buffagni V, Cardarelli M, Colla G, Rouphael Y, Cesco S, Lucini L, Pii Y. Integrated multi-omic approach reveals the effect of a Graminaceae-derived biostimulant and its lighter fraction on salt-stressed lettuce plants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10710. [PMID: 38729985 PMCID: PMC11087557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant biostimulants are widely applied in agriculture for their ability to improve plant fitness. In the present work, the impact of Graminaceae-derived protein hydrolysate (P) and its lighter molecular fraction F3 (< 1 kDa) on lettuce plants, subjected to either no salt or high salt conditions, was investigated through the combination of metabolomics and transcriptomics. The results showed that both treatments significantly modulated the transcriptome and metabolome of plants under salinity stress, highlighting an induction of the hormonal response. Nevertheless, P and F3 also displayed several peculiarities. F3 specifically modulated the response to ethylene and MAPK signaling pathway, whereas P treatment induced a down-accumulation of secondary metabolites, albeit genes controlling the biosynthesis of osmoprotectants and antioxidants were up-regulated. Moreover, according with the auxin response modulation, P promoted cell wall biogenesis and plasticity in salt-stressed plants. Notably, our data also outlined an epigenetic control of gene expression induced by P treatment. Contrarily, experimental data are just partially in agreement when not stressed plants, treated with P or F3, were considered. Indeed, the reduced accumulation of secondary metabolites and the analyses of hormone pathways modulation would suggest a preferential allocation of resources towards growth, that is not coherent with the down-regulation of the photosynthetic machinery, the CO2 assimilation rate and leaves biomass. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that, although they might activate different mechanisms, both the P and F3 can result in similar benefits, as far as the accumulation of protective osmolytes and the enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress are concerned. Notably, the F3 fraction exhibits slightly greater growth promotion effects under high salt conditions. Most importantly, this research further corroborates that biostimulants' mode of action is dependent on plants' physiological status and their composition, underscoring the importance of investigating the bioactivity of the different molecular components to design tailored applications for the agricultural practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Monterisi
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Pascual Garcia-Perez
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Michele Ciriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Valentina Buffagni
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Youry Pii
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
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26
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Jangra A, Kumar K, Maikhuri S, Bhandari MS, Pandey S, Singh H, Barthwal S. Unveiling stress-adapted endophytic bacteria: Characterizing plant growth-promoting traits and assessing cross-inoculation effects on Populus deltoides under abiotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108610. [PMID: 38615447 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In the face of the formidable environmental challenges precipitated by the ongoing climate change, Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) are gaining widespread acknowledgement for their potential as biofertilizers, biocontrol agents, and microbial inoculants. However, a knowledge gap pertains to the ability of PGPB to improve stress tolerance in forestry species via cross-inoculation. To address this gap, the current investigation centres on PGPBs, namely, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Cronobacter muytjensii, and Priestia endophytica, selected from the phyllosphere of robust and healthy plants thriving in the face of stress-inducing conditions. These strains were selected based on their demonstrated adaptability to saline, arid, and nitrogen-deficient environments. The utilization of PGPB treatment resulted in an improvement of stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) in poplar plants exposed to both salt and drought stress. It also induced an increase in essential biochemical components such as proline (PRO), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These reactions were accompanied by a decrease in leaf malonaldehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL). Furthermore, the PGPB treatment demonstrated a notable enhancement in nutrient absorption, particularly nitrogen and carbon, achieved through the solubilization of nutrients. The estimation of canopy temperature via thermal imaging proved to be an efficient method for distinguishing stress reactions in poplar than conventional temperature recording techniques. In summation, the utilization of PGPB especially Cronobacter muytjensii in this study, yielded profound improvements in the stress tolerance of poplar plants, manifesting in reduced membrane lipid peroxidation, enhanced photosynthesis, and bolstered antioxidant capacity within the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Jangra
- Plant Physiology Discipline, Division of Genetics & Tree Improvement, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248 006, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Kishan Kumar
- Plant Physiology Discipline, Division of Genetics & Tree Improvement, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248 006, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sandeep Maikhuri
- Division of Genetics & Tree Improvement, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248 006, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Maneesh S Bhandari
- Division of Genetics & Tree Improvement, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248 195, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Shailesh Pandey
- Forest Pathology Discipline, Division of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248 006, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Hukum Singh
- Plant Physiology Discipline, Division of Genetics & Tree Improvement, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248 006, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Santan Barthwal
- Plant Physiology Discipline, Division of Genetics & Tree Improvement, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248 006, Uttarakhand, India.
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27
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Kanjanapokin C, Thiravetyan P, Chonjoho N, Dolphen R, Treesubsuntorn C. Light-emitting plants development by inoculating of Vibrio campbellii RMT1 on the rhizospheric zone of Aglaonema cochinchinense. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:973-985. [PMID: 38622375 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The concept of utilizing light-emitting plants (LEPs) as an alternative to traditional electricity-based lighting has garnered interest. However, challenges persist due to the need for genetic modification or chemical infusion in current LEPs. To address this, researchers have investigated the interaction between plants and luminous bacteria, specifically Vibrio campbellii, which can efficiently be translocated into Aglaonema cochinchinense tissues through the roots to produce LEPs. This study concentrated on examining light intensity and enhancing luminescence by growing plants and spraying them with various media substances. The results indicated that V. campbellii successfully translocated into the plant tissue via the root system and accumulated a high number of bacteria in the stems, approximately 8.46 × 104 CFU/g, resulting in a light-emitting intensity increase of 12.13-fold at 48 h, and then decreased after 30 h. Interestingly, luminescence stimulation by spraying the growth medium managed to induce the highest light emission, reaching 14.84-fold at 48 h, though it had some negative effects on the plant. Conversely, spraying plants with CaCl2 on the leaves prolonged light emission for a longer duration (42 h after spraying) and had a positive effect on plant health, it maintained ion homeostasis and reduced-MDA content. This study highlights the potential of using V. campbellii and CaCl2 spraying for the future development of practical light-emitting plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutipa Kanjanapokin
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Paitip Thiravetyan
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Nattida Chonjoho
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Rujira Dolphen
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Chairat Treesubsuntorn
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
- Research & Innovation for Sustainability Center (RISC), Magnolia Quality Development Corporation Limited (MQDC), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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28
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Ren H, Yang W, Jing W, Shahid MO, Liu Y, Qiu X, Choisy P, Xu T, Ma N, Gao J, Zhou X. Multi-omics analysis reveals key regulatory defense pathways and genes involved in salt tolerance of rose plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae068. [PMID: 38725456 PMCID: PMC11079482 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Salinity stress causes serious damage to crops worldwide, limiting plant production. However, the metabolic and molecular mechanisms underlying the response to salt stress in rose (Rosa spp.) remain poorly studied. We therefore performed a multi-omics investigation of Rosa hybrida cv. Jardin de Granville (JDG) and Rosa damascena Mill. (DMS) under salt stress to determine the mechanisms underlying rose adaptability to salinity stress. Salt treatment of both JDG and DMS led to the buildup of reactive oxygen species (H2O2). Palisade tissue was more severely damaged in DMS than in JDG, while the relative electrolyte permeability was lower and the soluble protein content was higher in JDG than in DMS. Metabolome profiling revealed significant alterations in phenolic acid, lipids, and flavonoid metabolite levels in JDG and DMS under salt stress. Proteome analysis identified enrichment of flavone and flavonol pathways in JDG under salt stress. RNA sequencing showed that salt stress influenced primary metabolism in DMS, whereas it substantially affected secondary metabolism in JDG. Integrating these datasets revealed that the phenylpropane pathway, especially the flavonoid pathway, is strongly enhanced in rose under salt stress. Consistent with this, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) identified the key regulatory gene chalcone synthase 1 (CHS1), which is important in the phenylpropane pathway. Moreover, luciferase assays indicated that the bHLH74 transcription factor binds to the CHS1 promoter to block its transcription. These results clarify the role of the phenylpropane pathway, especially flavonoid and flavonol metabolism, in the response to salt stress in rose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weikun Jing
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Muhammad Owais Shahid
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xianhan Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Patrick Choisy
- LVMH Recherche, 185 avenue de Verdun F-45800 St., Jean de Braye, France
| | - Tao Xu
- LVMH Recherche, 185 avenue de Verdun F-45800 St., Jean de Braye, France
| | - Nan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Morales-Quintana L, Rabert C, Mendez-Yañez A, Ramos P. Transcriptional and structural analysis of non-specific lipid transfer proteins modulated by fungal endophytes in Antarctic plants under drought. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14359. [PMID: 38797943 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) play crucial roles in various biological processes in plants, such as pollen tube adhesion, phospholipid transfer, cuticle synthesis, and response to abiotic stress. While a few members of the non-specific LTPs (nsLTPs) have been identified, their structural characteristics remain largely unexplored. Given the observed improvement in the performance of Antarctic plants facing water deficit when associated with fungal endophytes, this study aimed to assess the role of these symbiotic organisms in the transcriptional modulation of putative nsLTPs. The study focused on identifying and characterizing two nsLTP in the Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis that exhibit responsiveness to drought stress. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of Antarctic endophytic fungi on the expression profiles of these nsLTPs, as these fungi have been known to enhance plant physiological and biochemical performance under water deficit conditions. Through 3D modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations with different substrates, the conducted structural and ligand-protein interaction analyses showed that differentially expressed nsLTPs displayed the ability to interact with various ligands, with a higher affinity towards palmitoyl-CoA. Overall, our findings suggest a regulatory mechanism for the expression of these two nsLTPs in Colobanthus quitensis under drought stress, further modulated by the presence of endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Morales-Quintana
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Claudia Rabert
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Angela Mendez-Yañez
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Patricio Ramos
- Plant-microorganisms Interaction Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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Akula NN, Abdelhakim L, Knazovický M, Ottosen CO, Rosenqvist E. Plant responses to co-occurring heat and water deficit stress: A comparative study of tolerance mechanisms in old and modern wheat genotypes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108595. [PMID: 38581807 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Global climate change increases the likelihood of co-occurrence of hot and dry spells with increased intensity, frequency, and duration. Studying the impact of the two stresses provide a better understanding of tolerance mechanisms in wheat, and our study was focused on revealing plant stress responses to different severities of combined stress at two phenophases in old and modern wheat genotypes. During the stem elongation and anthesis stages, plants were exposed to four treatments: control, deficit irrigation, combined heat, and deficit irrigation at 31 °C (HD31) and 37 °C (HD37). The modern genotypes were less affected by deficit irrigation at stem elongation as they maintained higher photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and leaf cooling than old genotypes. When the HD37 stress was imposed during anthesis, the modern genotypes exhibited superior performance compared to the old, which was due to their higher photosynthetic rates resulting from improved biochemical regulation and a higher chlorophyll content. The plant responses varied during two phenophases under the combined stress exposure. Genotypes subjected to HD37 stress during stem elongation, photosynthesis was mainly controlled by stomatal regulation, whereas at anthesis it was predominated by biochemical regulation. These findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of plant tolerance mechanisms in response to different intensities of co-occurring hot and dry weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagashree N Akula
- Department of Food Science, Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Lamis Abdelhakim
- Department of Food Science, Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mikulás Knazovický
- Department of Food Science, Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Carl-Otto Ottosen
- Department of Food Science, Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Eva Rosenqvist
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Crop Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Allé 9, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark
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31
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Misiukevičius E, Mažeikienė I, Stanys V. Ploidy's Role in Daylily Plant Resilience to Drought Stress Challenges. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:289. [PMID: 38785771 PMCID: PMC11117801 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the differences in the performance of diploid and tetraploid daylily cultivars under water deficit conditions, which are essential indicators of drought tolerance. This research revealed that tetraploid daylilies performed better than diploid varieties in arid conditions due to their enhanced adaptability and resilience to water deficit conditions. The analysis of the results highlighted the need to clarify the specific physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the enhanced drought tolerance observed in tetraploid plants compared to diploids. This research offers valuable knowledge for improving crop resilience and sustainable floricultural practices in changing environmental conditions. The morphological and physiological parameters were analyzed in 19 diploid and 21 tetraploid daylily cultivars under controlled water deficit conditions, and three drought resistance groups were formed based on the clustering of these parameters. In a high drought resistance cluster, 93.3% tetraploid cultivars were exhibited. This study demonstrates the significance of ploidy in shaping plant responses to drought stress. It emphasizes the importance of studying plant responses to water deficit in landscape horticulture to develop drought-tolerant plants and ensure aspects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvinas Misiukevičius
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas Street 30, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (I.M.); (V.S.)
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Feng G, Wu Y, Yang C, Zhang Q, Wang S, Dong M, Wang Y, Qi H, Guo L. Effects of coastal saline-alkali soil on rhizosphere microbial community and crop yield of cotton at different growth stages. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1359698. [PMID: 38706969 PMCID: PMC11066693 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1359698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization is a global constraint that significantly hampers agricultural production, with cotton being an important cash crop that is not immune to its detrimental effects. The rhizosphere microbiome plays a critical role in plant health and growth, which assists plants in resisting adverse abiotic stresses including soil salinization. This study explores the impact of soil salinization on cotton, including its effects on growth, yield, soil physical and chemical properties, as well as soil bacterial community structures. The results of β-diversity analysis showed that there were significant differences in bacterial communities in saline-alkali soil at different growth stages of cotton. Besides, the more severity of soil salinization, the more abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota enriched in rhizosphere bacterial composition where the abundance of Acidobacteriota exhibited the opposite trend. And the co-occurrence network analysis showed that soil salinization affected the complexity of soil bacterial co-occurrence network. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which soil salinization affects soil microorganisms in cotton rhizosphere soil and offer guidance for improving soil salinization using beneficial microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyi Feng
- Hebei Branch of National Cotton Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Institute Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yajie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, China
| | - Chuanzhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hebei Branch of National Cotton Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Institute Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shulin Wang
- Hebei Branch of National Cotton Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Institute Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Hebei Branch of National Cotton Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Institute Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hebei Branch of National Cotton Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Institute Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Hebei Branch of National Cotton Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Institute Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lixue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, China
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Wang X, Chen Z, Sui N. Sensitivity and responses of chloroplasts to salt stress in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1374086. [PMID: 38693929 PMCID: PMC11061501 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1374086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Chloroplast, the site for photosynthesis and various biochemical reactions, is subject to many environmental stresses including salt stress, which affects chloroplast structure, photosynthetic processes, osmotic balance, ROS homeostasis, and so on. The maintenance of normal chloroplast function is essential for the survival of plants. Plants have developed different mechanisms to cope with salt-induced toxicity on chloroplasts to ensure the normal function of chloroplasts. The salt tolerance mechanism is complex and varies with plant species, so many aspects of these mechanisms are not entirely clear yet. In this review, we explore the effect of salinity on chloroplast structure and function, and discuss the adaptive mechanisms by which chloroplasts respond to salt stress. Understanding the sensitivity and responses of chloroplasts to salt stress will help us understand the important role of chloroplasts in plant salt stress adaptation and lay the foundation for enhancing plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Malekzadeh MR, Roosta HR, Esmaeilizadeh M, Dabrowski P, Kalaji HM. Improving strawberry plant resilience to salinity and alkalinity through the use of diverse spectra of supplemental lighting. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:252. [PMID: 38589797 PMCID: PMC11000407 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores the impact of various light spectra on the photosynthetic performance of strawberry plants subjected to salinity, alkalinity, and combined salinity/alkalinity stress. We employed supplemental lighting through Light-emitting Diodes (LEDs) with specific wavelengths: monochromatic blue (460 nm), monochromatic red (660 nm), dichromatic blue/red (1:3 ratio), and white/yellow (400-700 nm), all at an intensity of 200 µmol m-2 S-1. Additionally, a control group (ambient light) without LED treatment was included in the study. The tested experimental variants were: optimal growth conditions (control), alkalinity (40 mM NaHCO3), salinity (80 mM NaCl), and a combination of salinity/alkalinity. RESULTS The results revealed a notable decrease in photosynthetic efficiency under both salinity and alkalinity stresses, especially when these stresses were combined, in comparison to the no-stress condition. However, the application of supplemental lighting, particularly with the red and blue/red spectra, mitigated the adverse effects of stress. The imposed stress conditions had a detrimental impact on both gas exchange parameters and photosynthetic efficiency of the plants. In contrast, treatments involving blue, red, and blue/red light exhibited a beneficial effect on photosynthetic efficiency compared to other lighting conditions. Further analysis of JIP-test parameters confirmed that these specific light treatments significantly ameliorated the stress impacts. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the utilization of blue, red, and blue/red light spectra has the potential to enhance plant resilience in the face of salinity and alkalinity stresses. This discovery presents a promising strategy for cultivating plants in anticipation of future challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Malekzadeh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718817111, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Roosta
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Majid Esmaeilizadeh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718817111, Kerman, Iran
| | - Piotr Dabrowski
- Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska str. 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Science, 159 Nowoursynowska St, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
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Sharmin RA, Karikari B, Bhuiyan MR, Kong K, Yu Z, Zhang C, Zhao T. Comparative Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical, and Gene Expressional Analyses Uncover Mechanisms of Waterlogging Tolerance in Two Soybean Introgression Lines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1011. [PMID: 38611540 PMCID: PMC11013326 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Waterlogging is one of the key abiotic factors that severely impedes the growth and productivity of soybeans on a global scale. To develop soybean cultivars that are tolerant to waterlogging, it is a prerequisite to unravel the mechanisms governing soybean responses to waterlogging. Hence, we explored the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional changes in two contrasting soybean introgression lines, A192 (waterlogging tolerant, WT) and A186 (waterlogging sensitive, WS), under waterlogging. In comparison to the WT line, waterlogging drastically decreased the root length (RL), shoot length (ShL), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot fresh weight (ShFW), root dry weight (RDW), and shoot dry weight (ShDW) of the WS line. Similarly, waterlogging inhibited soybean plant growth by suppressing the plant's photosynthetic capacity, enhancing oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species, and decreasing the chlorophyll content in the WS line but not in the WT line. To counteract the oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation, the WT line exhibited increased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as well as higher levels of proline content than the WS line. In addition, the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes (POD1, POD2, FeSOD, Cu/ZnSOD, CAT1, and CAT2) and ethylene-related genes (such as ACO1, ACO2, ACS1, and ACS2) were found to be up-regulated in WT line under waterlogging stress conditions. In contrast, these genes showed a down-regulation in their expression levels in the stressed WS line. The integration of morpho-physiological, biochemical, and gene expression analyses provide a comprehensive understanding of the responses of WT and WS lines to waterlogging conditions. These findings would be beneficial for the future development of soybean cultivars that can withstand waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ripa Akter Sharmin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL), National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Benjamin Karikari
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL 1882, Ghana
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mashiur Rahman Bhuiyan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL), National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Keke Kong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL), National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zheping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL), National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chunting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL), National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL), National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Elnajar M, Aldesuquy H, Abdelmoteleb M, Eltanahy E. Mitigating drought stress in wheat plants (Triticum Aestivum L.) through grain priming in aqueous extract of spirulina platensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:233. [PMID: 38561647 PMCID: PMC10986097 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study focuses on the global challenge of drought stress, which significantly impedes wheat production, a cornerstone of global food security. Drought stress disrupts cellular and physiological processes in wheat, leading to substantial yield losses, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The research investigates the use of Spirulina platensis aqueous extract (SPAE) as a biostimulant to enhance the drought resistance of two Egyptian wheat cultivars, Sakha 95 (drought-tolerant) and Shandawel 1 (drought-sensitive). Each cultivar's grains were divided into four treatments: Cont, DS, SPAE-Cont, and SPAE + DS. Cont and DS grains were presoaked in distilled water for 18 h while SPAE-Cont and SPAE + DS were presoaked in 10% SPAE, and then all treatments were cultivated for 96 days in a semi-field experiment. During the heading stage (45 days: 66 days), two drought treatments, DS and SPAE + DS, were not irrigated. In contrast, the Cont and SPAE-Cont treatments were irrigated during the entire experiment period. At the end of the heading stage, agronomy, pigment fractions, gas exchange, and carbohydrate content parameters of the flag leaf were assessed. Also, at the harvest stage, yield attributes and biochemical aspects of yielded grains (total carbohydrates and proteins) were evaluated. RESULTS The study demonstrated that SPAE treatments significantly enhanced the growth vigor, photosynthetic rate, and yield components of both wheat cultivars under standard and drought conditions. Specifically, SPAE treatments increased photosynthetic rate by up to 53.4%, number of spikes by 76.5%, and economic yield by 190% for the control and 153% for the drought-stressed cultivars pre-soaked in SPAE. Leaf agronomy, pigment fractions, gas exchange parameters, and carbohydrate content were positively influenced by SPAE treatments, suggesting their effectiveness in mitigating drought adverse effects, and improving wheat crop performance. CONCLUSION The application of S. platensis aqueous extract appears to ameliorate the adverse effects of drought stress on wheat, enhancing the growth vigor, metabolism, and productivity of the cultivars studied. This indicates the potential of SPAE as an eco-friendly biostimulant for improving crop resilience, nutrition, and yield under various environmental challenges, thus contributing to global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Elnajar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Heshmat Aldesuquy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelmoteleb
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Eladl Eltanahy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
- Algae Biotechnology Lab, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Li S, Wang X, Wang W, Zhang Z, Wang X, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the ALDH gene family and functional analysis of PaALDH17 in Prunus avium. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:633-645. [PMID: 38737320 PMCID: PMC11087402 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
ALDH (Aldehyde dehydrogenase), as an enzyme that encodes the dehydroxidization of aldehydes into corresponding carboxylic acids, played an important role inregulating gene expression in response to many kinds of biotic and abiotic stress, including saline-alkali stress. Saline-alkali stress was a common stress that seriously affected plant growth and productivity. Saline-alkali soil contained the characteristics of high salinity and high pH value, which could cause comprehensive damage such as osmotic stress, ion toxicity, high pH, and HCO3-/CO32- stress. In our study, 18 PaALDH genes were identified in sweet cherry genome, and their gene structures, phylogenetic analysis, chromosome localization, and promoter cis-acting elements were analyzed. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that PaALDH17 exhibited the highest expression compared to other members under saline-alkali stress. Subsequently, it was isolated from Prunus avium, and transgenic A. thaliana was successfully obtained. Compared with wild type, transgenic PaALDH17 plants grew better under saline-alkali stress and showed higher chlorophyll content, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD) and Catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, which indicated that they had strong resistance to stress. These results indicated that PaALDH17 improved the resistance of sweet cherries to saline-alkali stress, which in turn improved quality and yields. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01444-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitian Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Xiu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Wanxia Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Zhongxing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Xingbin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Qingxia Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang, 745000 China
| | - Yanxiu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
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Bjerring Jensen N, Vrobel O, Akula Nageshbabu N, De Diego N, Tarkowski P, Ottosen CO, Zhou R. Stomatal effects and ABA metabolism mediate differential regulation of leaf and flower cooling in tomato cultivars exposed to heat and drought stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2156-2175. [PMID: 38207009 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Co-occurring heat and drought stresses challenge crop performance. Stomata open to promote evaporative cooling during heat stress, but close to retain water during drought stress, which resulted in complex stomatal regulation under combined heat and drought. We aimed to investigate stomatal regulation in leaves and flowers of perennial, indeterminate cultivars of tomatoes subjected to individual and combined heat and drought stress followed by a recovery period, measuring morphological, physiological, and biochemical factors involved in stomatal regulation. Under stress, stomata of leaves were predominantly affected by drought, with lower stomatal density and stomatal closing, resulting in significantly decreased photosynthesis and higher leaf temperature. Conversely, stomata in sepals seemed affected mainly by heat during stress. The differential patterns in stomatal regulation in leaves and flowers persisted into the recovery phase as contrasting patterns in stomatal density. We show that flower transpiration is regulated by temperature, but leaf transpiration is regulated by soil water availability during stress. Organ-specific patterns of stomatal development and abscisic acid metabolism mediated this phenomenon. Our results throw light on the dual role of stomata in heat and drought tolerance of vegetative and generative organs, and demonstrate the importance of considering flower surfaces in the phenotyping of stomatal reactions to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Bjerring Jensen
- Department of Food Science, Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ondřej Vrobel
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Nagashree Akula Nageshbabu
- Department of Food Science, Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Carl-Otto Ottosen
- Department of Food Science, Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Food Science, Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Duan X, Wang Q, Mu W, Wei X. Optimization of irrigation and fertilization of apples under magnetoelectric water irrigation in extremely arid areas. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1356338. [PMID: 38571706 PMCID: PMC10987774 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1356338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Apple (Malus pumila Mill.) is one of the important economic crops in the arid areas of Xinjiang, China. For a long time, there has been a problem of high consumption but low yield in water and fertilizer management, prevent improvements in apple quality and yield. In this study, 5-year-old 'Royal Gala' apple trees in extremely arid areas of Xinjiang were used as experimental materials to carry out field experiments. considering 5 irrigation levels (W1, 30 mm; W2, 425 mm; W3, 550 mm; W4, 675 mm; W5, 800 mm) and 5 fertilization levels (F1, 280 kg·ha-1; F2, 360 kg·ha-1; F3, 440 kg·ha-1; F4, 520 kg·ha-1; F5, 600 kg·ha-1) under magnetoelectric water irrigation conditions. The results demonstrated that magnetoelectric water combined with the application of 675 mm irrigation amount and 520 kg·ha-1 fertilization amount was the most effective combination. These results occurred by increasing net photosynthetic rate of apple leaves, improved the quality of apples, increased apple yield, and promoted the improvement of water and fertilizer use efficiency. Additionally, the quadratic regression model was used to fit the response process of yield, IWUE and PFP to irrigation amount and fertilization amount, and the accuracy was greater than 0.8, indicating good fitting effects. The synergistic effect of water and fertilizer has a positive effect on optimizing apple water and fertilizer management. Principal component analysis showed that the magnetoelectric treatment combined water and fertilizer mainly affected apple yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency and vitamin C content related to quality. This study provides valuable guidance for improving water and fertilizer productivity, crop yield and quality in extreme arid areas of Xinjiang by using Magnetoelectric water irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quanjiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China
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Garofalo SP, Giannico V, Lorente B, García AJG, Vivaldi GA, Thameur A, Salcedo FP. Predicting carob tree physiological parameters under different irrigation systems using Random Forest and Planet satellite images. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1302435. [PMID: 38571714 PMCID: PMC10989058 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1302435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Introduction In the context of climate change, monitoring the spatial and temporal variability of plant physiological parameters has become increasingly important. Remote spectral imaging and GIS software have shown effectiveness in mapping field variability. Additionally, the application of machine learning techniques, essential for processing large data volumes, has seen a significant rise in agricultural applications. This research was focused on carob tree, a drought-resistant tree crop spread through the Mediterranean basin. The study aimed to develop robust models to predict the net assimilation and stomatal conductance of carob trees and to use these models to analyze seasonal variability and the impact of different irrigation systems. Methods Planet satellite images were acquired on the day of field data measurement. The reflectance values of Planet spectral bands were used as predictors to develop the models. The study employed the Random Forest modeling approach, and its performances were compared with that of traditional multiple linear regression. Results and discussion The findings reveal that Random Forest, utilizing Planet spectral bands as predictors, achieved high accuracy in predicting net assimilation (R² = 0.81) and stomatal conductance (R² = 0.70), with the yellow and red spectral regions being particularly influential. Furthermore, the research indicates no significant difference in intrinsic water use efficiency between the various irrigation systems and rainfed conditions. This work highlighted the potential of combining satellite remote sensing and machine learning in precision agriculture, with the goal of the efficient monitoring of physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pietro Garofalo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Giannico
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Beatriz Lorente
- Department of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio José García García
- Department of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Afwa Thameur
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Molecules, Application (BMA), Higher Institute of Applied Biology Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Francisco Pedrero Salcedo
- Department of Irrigation, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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Zhao N, Zhao J, Li S, Li B, Lv J, Gao X, Xu X, Lu S. The Response of Endogenous ABA and Soluble Sugars of Platycladus orientalis to Drought and Post-Drought Rehydration. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:194. [PMID: 38534463 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
To uncover the internal mechanisms of various drought stress intensities affecting the soluble sugar content in organs and its regulation by endogenous abscisic acid (ABA), we selected the saplings of Platycladus orientalis, a typical tree species in the Beijing area, as our research subject. We investigated the correlation between tree soluble sugars and endogenous ABA in the organs (comprised of leaf, branch, stem, coarse root, and fine root) under two water treatments. One water treatment was defined as T1, which stopped watering until the potted soil volumetric water content (SWC) reached the wilting coefficient and then rewatered the sapling. The other water treatment, named T2, replenished 95% of the total water loss of one potted sapling every day and irrigated the above-mentioned sapling after its SWC reached the wilt coefficients. The results revealed that (1) the photosynthetic physiological parameters of P. orientalis were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) under fast and slow drought processes. The photosynthetic physiological parameters of P. orientalis in the fast drought-rehydration treatment group recovered faster relative to the slow drought-rehydration treatment group. (2) The fast and slow drought treatments significantly (p < 0.05) increased the ABA and soluble sugar contents in all organs. The roots of the P. orientalis exhibited higher sensitivity in ABA and soluble sugar content to changes in soil moisture dynamics compared to other organs. (3) ABA and soluble sugar content of P. orientalis showed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) under fast and slow drought conditions. During the rehydration stage, the two were significantly correlated in the T2 treatment (p < 0.05). In summary, soil drought rhythms significantly affected the photosynthetic parameters, organ ABA, and soluble sugar content of P. orientalis. This study elucidates the adaptive mechanisms of P. orientalis plants to drought and rehydration under the above-mentioned two water drought treatments, offering theoretical insights for selecting and cultivating drought-tolerant tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forest and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forest and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shaoning Li
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forest and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forest and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jiankui Lv
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forest and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forest and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaotian Xu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forest and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shaowei Lu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forest and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Lin S, Zhang W, Wang G, Hu Y, Zhong X, Tang G. Physiological Regulation of Photosynthetic-Related Indices, Antioxidant Defense, and Proline Anabolism on Drought Tolerance of Wild Soybean ( Glycine soja L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:880. [PMID: 38592877 PMCID: PMC10975085 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Wild soybean (Glycine soja L.), drought-tolerant cultivar Tiefeng 31 (Glycine max L.), and drought-sensitive cultivar Fendou 93 (Glycine max L.) were used as materials to investigate the drought tolerance mechanism after 72 h 2.5 M PEG 8000 (osmotic potential -0.54 MPa)-simulated drought stress at the seedling stage. The results indicated that the leaves of the G. soja did not wilt under drought stress. However, both the drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivated soybean cultivars experienced varying degrees of leaf wilt. Notably, the drought-sensitive cultivated soybean cultivars exhibited severe leaf wilt after the drought stress. Drought stress was determined to have a significant impact on the dry matter of the above-ground part of the drought-sensitive cultivar Fendou 93, followed by the drought-tolerant cultivar Tiefeng 31, with the lowest reduction observed in G. soja. Furthermore, the presence of drought stress resulted in the closure of leaf stomata. G. soja exhibited the highest proportion of stomatal opening per unit area, followed by the drought-tolerant cultivar Tiefeng 31, while the drought-sensitive cultivar Fendou 93 displayed the lowest percentage. Photosynthesis-related indexes, including photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance, decreased in Fendou 93 and Tiefeng 31 after drought stress, but increased in G. soja. In terms of the antioxidant scavenging system, lower accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in G. soja and Tiefeng 31, along with higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) to counteract excess reactive oxygen species and maintain cell membrane integrity. In contrast, the drought-sensitive cultivar Fendou 93 had higher MDA content and higher activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and peroxidase (POD, 1.11.1.7). G. soja and Tiefeng 31 also exhibited less accumulation of osmolytes, including soluble sugar, soluble protein, and free proline content. The activities of δ-OAT, ProDH, and P5CS, key enzymes in proline anabolism, showed an initial increase under drought stress, followed by a decrease, and then an increase again at the end of drought stress in G. soja. Before drought stress, Tiefeng 31 had higher activities of ProDH and P5CS, which decreased with prolonged drought stress. Fendou 93 experienced an increase in the activities of δ-OAT, ProDH, and P5CS under drought stress. The δ-OAT gene expression levels were up-regulated in all three germplasms. The expression levels of the P5CS gene in Fendou 93 and Tiefeng 31 were down-regulated, while G. soja showed no significant change. The expression of the P5CR gene and ProDH gene was down-regulated in Fendou 93 and Tiefeng 31, but up-regulated in G. soja. This indicates that proline content is regulated at both the transcription and translation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Weimei Zhang
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forest Science, Lishui 323000, China;
| | - Guifeng Wang
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang 222001, China;
| | - Yunxiang Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuanbo Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Guixiang Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.)
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Ding Y, Zhang X, Li J, Wang R, Chen J, Kong L, Li X, Yang Z, Zhuang L. Transcriptome-Based Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals the Photosynthesis Pathway and Hub Genes Involved in Promoting Tiller Growth under Repeated Drought-Rewatering Cycles in Perennial Ryegrass. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:854. [PMID: 38592951 PMCID: PMC10976046 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress, which often occurs repeatedly across the world, can cause multiple and long-term effects on plant growth. However, the repeated drought-rewatering effects on plant growth remain uncertain. This study was conducted to determine the effects of drought-rewatering cycles on aboveground growth and explore the underlying mechanisms. Perennial ryegrass plants were subjected to three watering regimes: well-watered control (W), two cycles of drought-rewatering (D2R), and one cycle of drought-rewatering (D1R). The results indicated that the D2R treatment increased the tiller number by 40.9% and accumulated 28.3% more aboveground biomass compared with W; whereas the D1R treatment reduced the tiller number by 23.9% and biomass by 42.2% compared to the W treatment. A time-course transcriptome analysis was performed using crown tissues obtained from plants under D2R and W treatments at 14, 17, 30, and 33 days (d). A total number of 2272 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. In addition, an in-depth weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was carried out to investigate the relationship between RNA-seq data and tiller number. The results indicated that DEGs were enriched in photosynthesis-related pathways and were further supported by chlorophyll content measurements. Moreover, tiller-development-related hub genes were identified in the D2R treatment, including F-box/LRR-repeat MAX2 homolog (D3), homeobox-leucine zipper protein HOX12-like (HOX12), and putative laccase-17 (LAC17). The consistency of RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data were validated by high Pearson's correlation coefficients ranging from 0.899 to 0.998. This study can provide a new irrigation management strategy that might increase plant biomass with less water consumption. In addition, candidate photosynthesis and hub genes in regulating tiller growth may provide new insights for drought-resistant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Ding
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Xiaxiang Zhang
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Jialei Li
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Ruying Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lingna Kong
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Plant Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhimin Yang
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Lili Zhuang
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.D.)
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Damankeshan B, Shamshiri MH, Alaei H. Endophytic fungi are able to induce tolerance to salt stress in date palm seedlings (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:759-775. [PMID: 38157149 PMCID: PMC10920517 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Date palm, typically considered a salinity-resistant plant, grows in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide, and experiences decreased growth and yields under salt stress. This study investigates the efficacy of endophytic fungi (EF) in enhancing the salinity tolerance of date palm seedlings. In this experiment, EF were isolated from date tree roots and identified morphologically. Following molecular identification, superior strains were selected to inoculate date palm seedlings (Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Mazafati). The seedlings were subjected to varying levels of salinity stress for 4 months, utilizing a completely randomized factorial design with two factors: fungal strain type (six levels) and salinity stress (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM sodium chloride). The diversity analysis of endophytic fungi in date palm trees revealed that the majority of isolates belonged to the Ascomycota family, with Fusarium and Alternaria being the most frequently isolated genera. In this research, the application of fungal endophytes resulted in increased dry weight of roots, shoots, root length, plant height, and leaf number. Additionally, EF symbiosis with date palm seedling roots led to a reduction in sodium concentration and an increase in potassium and phosphorus concentrations in aerial parts under salt-stress conditions. While salinity elevated lipid peroxidation, consequently increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, EF mitigated damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), while promoting proline and total soluble sugar (TSS) accumulation. The colonization percentage generally increased with salinity stress intensity in most strains. According to the results, the application of EF can alleviate the adverse effects of salinity stress and enhance the growth of date palm seedlings under saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Damankeshan
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Shamshiri
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hosein Alaei
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Sharma G, Sharma N, Ohri P. Harmonizing hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide: A duo defending plants against salinity stress. Nitric Oxide 2024; 144:1-10. [PMID: 38185242 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In the face of escalating salinity stress challenges in agricultural systems, this review article delves into the harmonious partnership between hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) as they collectively act as formidable defenders of plants. Once considered as harmful pollutants, H2S and NO have emerged as pivotal gaseous signal molecules that profoundly influence various facets of plant life. Their roles span from enhancing seed germination to promoting overall growth and development. Moreover, these molecules play a crucial role in bolstering stress tolerance mechanisms and maintaining essential plant homeostasis. This review navigates through the intricate signaling pathways associated with H2S and NO, elucidating their synergistic effects in combating salinity stress. We explore their potential to enhance crop productivity, thereby ensuring food security in saline-affected regions. In an era marked by pressing environmental challenges, the manipulation of H2S and NO presents promising avenues for sustainable agriculture, offering a beacon of hope for the future of global food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Nandni Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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46
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Taj Z, Bakka K, Challabathula D. Halotolerant PGPB Staphylococcus sciuri ET101 protects photosynthesis through activation of redox dissipation pathways in Lycopersicon esculentum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108482. [PMID: 38492488 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is known to be seriously affected by salt stress. The stress induced membrane damage leads to disrupted photosynthetic components causing imbalance between production and utilization of ATP/NADPH with generation of ROS leading to photoinhibition and photodamage. In the current study, role of halotolerant plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) Staphylococcus sciuri ET101 in protection of photosynthesis in tomato plants during salinity stress was evaluated by analysing changes in antioxidant defense and activation of redox dissipation pathways. Inoculation of S. sciuri ET101 significantly enhanced the growth of tomato plants with significantly higher photosynthetic rates (PN) under normal and salinity stress conditions. Further, increased membrane stability, soluble sugar accumulation and significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves of ET101 inoculated tomato plants under normal and salinity were observed along with increased expression of antioxidant genes for efficient ROS detoxification and suppression of oxidative damage. Additionally, salinity induced decrease in rate of photosynthesis (PN) due to lowered chloroplastic CO2 concentration (Cc) attributed by low mesophyll conductance (gm) in uninoculated plants was alleviated by ET101 inoculation showing significantly higher carboxylation rate (Vcmax), RuBP generation (Jmax) and increased photorespiration (PR). The genes involved in photorespiratory process, cyclic electron flow (CEF), and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway of mitochondrial respiration were abundantly expressed in leaves of ET101 inoculated plants indicating their involvement in protecting photosynthesis from salt stress induced photoinhibition. Collectively, our results indicated that S. sciuri ET101 has the potential in protecting photosynthesis of tomato plants under salinity stress through activation of redox dissipation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarin Taj
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Kavya Bakka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Dinakar Challabathula
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Integrative Biology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India.
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47
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Sato H, Mizoi J, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Complex plant responses to drought and heat stress under climate change. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1873-1892. [PMID: 38168757 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Global climate change is predicted to result in increased yield losses of agricultural crops caused by environmental conditions. In particular, heat and drought stress are major factors that negatively affect plant development and reproduction, and previous studies have revealed how these stresses induce plant responses at physiological and molecular levels. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge concerning how drought, heat, and combinations of these stress conditions affect the status of plants, including crops, by affecting factors such as stomatal conductance, photosynthetic activity, cellular oxidative conditions, metabolomic profiles, and molecular signaling mechanisms. We further discuss stress-responsive regulatory factors such as transcription factors and signaling factors, which play critical roles in adaptation to both drought and heat stress conditions and potentially function as 'hubs' in drought and/or heat stress responses. Additionally, we present recent findings based on forward genetic approaches that reveal natural variations in agricultural crops that play critical roles in agricultural traits under drought and/or heat conditions. Finally, we provide an overview of the application of decades of study results to actual agricultural fields as a strategy to increase drought and/or heat stress tolerance. This review summarizes our current understanding of plant responses to drought, heat, and combinations of these stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sato
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Junya Mizoi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuraoka, Setagara-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
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Cao H, Ding R, Du T, Kang S, Tong L, Chen J, Gao J. A meta-analysis highlights the cross-resistance of plants to drought and salt stresses from physiological, biochemical, and growth levels. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14282. [PMID: 38591354 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In nature, drought and salt stresses often occur simultaneously and affect plant growth at multiple levels. However, the mechanisms underlying plant responses to drought and salt stresses and their interactions are still not fully understood. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the effects of drought, salt, and combined stresses on plant physiological, biochemical, morphological and growth traits, analyze the different responses of C3 and C4 plants, as well as halophytes and non-halophytes, and identify the interactive effects on plants. There were numerous similarities in plant responses to drought, salt, and combined stresses. C4 plants had a more effective antioxidant defense system, and could better maintain above-ground growth. Halophytes could better maintain photosynthetic rate (Pn) and relative water content (RWC), and reduce growth as an adaptation strategy. The responses of most traits (Pn, RWC, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, H2O2 content, plant dry weight, etc.) to combined stress were less-than-additive, indicating cross-resistance rather than cross-sensitivity of plants to drought and salt stresses. These results are important to improve our understanding of drought and salt cross-resistance mechanisms and further induce resistance or screen-resistant varieties under stress combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Cao
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Risheng Ding
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Taisheng Du
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shaozhong Kang
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ling Tong
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jia Gao
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
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Majidian P, Ghorbani HR, Farajpour M. Achieving agricultural sustainability through soybean production in Iran: Potential and challenges. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26389. [PMID: 38404839 PMCID: PMC10884498 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of soybean as a key oil crop to enhance sustainable agriculture has garnered significant attention from researchers. Its lower water requirements compared to rice, along with its reduced environmental impact, including greenhouse gas emissions, improved water quality, enhanced biodiversity, and efficient resource utilization, make it an attractive option. Unfortunately, Iran, like many other developing countries, heavily relies on soybean imports (over 90%) to meet the demand for oil and protein in human and livestock food rations. The decline in soybean production, coupled with diminishing cultivation areas, yield rates, and increasing import needs, underscores the urgent need to address the challenges faced in Iran. The decline in soybean production in the country can be attributed to various factors, including environmental stresses (both biotic and abiotic), limited variation in soybean cultivars, inadequate mechanization for cultivation, and economic policies. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of soybean production in Iran and highlights its potential to enhance sustainable agriculture. Additionally, it examines the challenges and constraints associated with soybean cultivation, such as environmental changes and unbalanced marketing, and explores potential solutions and management strategies to bridge the gap between small-scale and large-scale production. Given the increasing global demand for plant-based protein and the significance of the feed industry, studying the limitations faced by countries with slower soybean production growth can shed light on the issues and present opportunities to capitalize on novel soybean advancements in the future. By addressing these challenges and unlocking the potential of soybean cultivation, Iran can contribute to sustainable agricultural practices and attain a more resilient food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Majidian
- Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Ghorbani
- Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran
| | - Mostafa Farajpour
- Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran
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50
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He Y, Zhang R, Li P, Men L, Xu M, Wang J, Niu S, Tian D. Nitrogen enrichment delays the drought threshold responses of leaf photosynthesis in alpine grassland plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169560. [PMID: 38154633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Extreme drought is found to cause a threshold response in photosynthesis in ecosystem level. However, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not well understood, highlighting the importance of revealing the drought thresholds for multiple leaf-level photosynthetic processes. Thus, we conducted a long-term experiment involving precipitation reduction and nitrogen (N) addition. Moreover, an extreme drought event occurred within the experimental period. We found the presence of drought thresholds for multiple leaf-level photosynthetic processes, with the leaf light-saturated carbon assimilation rate (Asat) displaying the highest threshold (10.76 v/v%) and the maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco (Vcmax) showing the lowest threshold (5.38 v/v%). Beyond the drought thresholds, the sensitivities of leaf-level photosynthetic processes to soil water content could be greater. Moreover, N addition lowered the drought thresholds of Asat and stomatal conductance (gs), but had no effect on that of Vcmax. Among species, plants with higher leaf K concentration traits had a lower drought threshold of Asat. Overall, this study highlights that leaf photosynthesis may be suppressed abruptly as soil water content surpasses the drought threshold. However, N enrichment helps to improve the resistance via delaying drought threshold response. These new findings have important implications for understanding the nonlinearity of ecosystem productivity response and early warning management in the scenario of combined extreme drought events and continuous N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lu Men
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dashuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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