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Jiang G, Zheng JY, Ren SN, Yin W, Xia X, Li Y, Wang HL. A comprehensive workflow for optimizing RNA-seq data analysis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:631. [PMID: 38914930 PMCID: PMC11197194 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current RNA-seq analysis software for RNA-seq data tends to use similar parameters across different species without considering species-specific differences. However, the suitability and accuracy of these tools may vary when analyzing data from different species, such as humans, animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. For most laboratory researchers lacking a background in information science, determining how to construct an analysis workflow that meets their specific needs from the array of complex analytical tools available poses a significant challenge. RESULTS By utilizing RNA-seq data from plants, animals, and fungi, it was observed that different analytical tools demonstrate some variations in performance when applied to different species. A comprehensive experiment was conducted specifically for analyzing plant pathogenic fungal data, focusing on differential gene analysis as the ultimate goal. In this study, 288 pipelines using different tools were applied to analyze five fungal RNA-seq datasets, and the performance of their results was evaluated based on simulation. This led to the establishment of a relatively universal and superior fungal RNA-seq analysis pipeline that can serve as a reference, and certain standards for selecting analysis tools were derived for reference. Additionally, we compared various tools for alternative splicing analysis. The results based on simulated data indicated that rMATS remained the optimal choice, although consideration could be given to supplementing with tools such as SpliceWiz. CONCLUSION The experimental results demonstrate that, in comparison to the default software parameter configurations, the analysis combination results after tuning can provide more accurate biological insights. It is beneficial to carefully select suitable analysis software based on the data, rather than indiscriminately choosing tools, in order to achieve high-quality analysis results more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Jiang
- School of Information Science and Technology, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan-Yu Zheng
- School of Information Science and Technology, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ning Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinli Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Jackson DJ, Cerveau N, Posnien N. De novo assembly of transcriptomes and differential gene expression analysis using short-read data from emerging model organisms - a brief guide. Front Zool 2024; 21:17. [PMID: 38902827 PMCID: PMC11188175 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-024-00538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Many questions in biology benefit greatly from the use of a variety of model systems. High-throughput sequencing methods have been a triumph in the democratization of diverse model systems. They allow for the economical sequencing of an entire genome or transcriptome of interest, and with technical variations can even provide insight into genome organization and the expression and regulation of genes. The analysis and biological interpretation of such large datasets can present significant challenges that depend on the 'scientific status' of the model system. While high-quality genome and transcriptome references are readily available for well-established model systems, the establishment of such references for an emerging model system often requires extensive resources such as finances, expertise and computation capabilities. The de novo assembly of a transcriptome represents an excellent entry point for genetic and molecular studies in emerging model systems as it can efficiently assess gene content while also serving as a reference for differential gene expression studies. However, the process of de novo transcriptome assembly is non-trivial, and as a rule must be empirically optimized for every dataset. For the researcher working with an emerging model system, and with little to no experience with assembling and quantifying short-read data from the Illumina platform, these processes can be daunting. In this guide we outline the major challenges faced when establishing a reference transcriptome de novo and we provide advice on how to approach such an endeavor. We describe the major experimental and bioinformatic steps, provide some broad recommendations and cautions for the newcomer to de novo transcriptome assembly and differential gene expression analyses. Moreover, we provide an initial selection of tools that can assist in the journey from raw short-read data to assembled transcriptome and lists of differentially expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Jackson
- University of Göttingen, Department of Geobiology, Goldschmidtstr.3, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Cerveau
- University of Göttingen, Department of Geobiology, Goldschmidtstr.3, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Nico Posnien
- University of Göttingen, Department of Developmental Biology, GZMB, Justus-Von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
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3
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Ortiz C, Pearson A, McCartan R, Roche S, Carothers N, Browning M, Perez S, He B, Ginsberg SD, Mullan M, Mufson EJ, Crawford F, Ojo J. Overexpression of pathogenic tau in astrocytes causes a reduction in AQP4 and GLT1, an immunosuppressed phenotype and unique transcriptional responses to repetitive mild TBI without appreciable changes in tauopathy. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:130. [PMID: 38750510 PMCID: PMC11096096 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have unveiled a robust link between exposure to repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI) and elevated susceptibility to develop neurodegenerative disorders, notably chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The pathogenic lesion in CTE cases is characterized by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in neurons around small cerebral blood vessels which can be accompanied by astrocytes that contain phosphorylated tau, the latter termed tau astrogliopathy. However, the contribution of tau astrogliopathy to the pathobiology and functional consequences of r-mTBI/CTE or whether it is merely a consequence of aging remains unclear. We addressed these pivotal questions by utilizing a mouse model harboring tau-bearing astrocytes, GFAPP301L mice, subjected to our r-mTBI paradigm. Despite the fact that r-mTBI did not exacerbate tau astrogliopathy or general tauopathy, it increased phosphorylated tau in the area underneath the impact site. Additionally, gene ontology analysis of tau-bearing astrocytes following r-mTBI revealed profound alterations in key biological processes including immunological and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Moreover, gene array analysis of microdissected astrocytes accrued from stage IV CTE human brains revealed an immunosuppressed astroglial phenotype similar to tau-bearing astrocytes in the GFAPP301L model. Additionally, hippocampal reduction of proteins involved in water transport (AQP4) and glutamate homeostasis (GLT1) was found in the mouse model of tau astrogliopathy. Collectively, these findings reveal the importance of understanding tau astrogliopathy and its role in astroglial pathobiology under normal circumstances and following r-mTBI. The identified mechanisms using this GFAPP301L model may suggest targets for therapeutic interventions in r-mTBI pathogenesis in the context of CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ortiz
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA.
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
| | - Andrew Pearson
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin He
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiology, and NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Ojo
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
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4
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Ertuglu LA, Mutchler AP, Jamison S, Laffer CL, Saleem M, Blackwell DJ, Kryshtal DO, Sahinoz M, Sheng Q, Wanjalla CN, Pakala S, Justin Y, Gutierrez OM, Kleyman TR, Knollmann BC, Ikizler TA, Kirabo A. Eicosanoid-Regulated Myeloid ENaC and Isolevuglandin Formation in Human Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Hypertension 2024; 81:516-529. [PMID: 37675576 PMCID: PMC10918035 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms by which salt increases blood pressure in people with salt sensitivity remain unclear. Our previous studies found that high sodium enters antigen-presenting cells (APCs) via the epithelial sodium channel and leads to the production of isolevuglandins and hypertension. In the current mechanistic clinical study, we hypothesized that epithelial sodium channel-dependent isolevuglandin-adduct formation in APCs is regulated by epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and leads to salt-sensitive hypertension in humans. METHODS Salt sensitivity was assessed in 19 hypertensive subjects using an inpatient salt loading and depletion protocol. Isolevuglandin-adduct accumulation in APCs was analyzed using flow cytometry. Gene expression in APCs was analyzed using cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing analysis of blood mononuclear cells. Plasma and urine EETs were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Baseline isolevuglandin+ APCs correlated with higher salt-sensitivity index. Isolevuglandin+ APCs significantly decreased from salt loading to depletion with an increasing salt-sensitivity index. We observed that human APCs express the epithelial sodium channel δ subunit, SGK1 (salt-sensing kinase serum/glucocorticoid kinase 1), and cytochrome P450 2S1. We found a direct correlation between baseline urinary 14,15 EET and salt-sensitivity index, whereas changes in urinary 14,15 EET negatively correlated with isolevuglandin+ monocytes from salt loading to depletion. Coincubation with 14,15 EET inhibited high-salt-induced increase in isolevuglandin+ APC. CONCLUSIONS Isolevuglandin formation in APCs responds to acute changes in salt intake in salt-sensitive but not salt-resistant people with hypertension, and this may be regulated by renal 14,15 EET. Baseline levels of isolevuglandin+ APCs or urinary 14,15 EET may provide diagnostic tools for salt sensitivity without a protocol of salt loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale A. Ertuglu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ashley Pitzer Mutchler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S Jamison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
- Meharry Medical College Nashville, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cheryl L. Laffer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel J. Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dmytro O. Kryshtal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melis Sahinoz
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Suman Pakala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu Justin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Orlando M Gutierrez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Thomas R. Kleyman
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology, Pharmacology, and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Björn C. Knollmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - T. Alp Ikizler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology (VCI)
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (VI4)
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (VIGH)
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5
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Thiel KW, Newtson AM, Devor EJ, Zhang Y, Malmrose PK, Bi J, Losh HA, Davies S, Smith LE, Padilla J, Leiva SM, Grueter CE, Breheny P, Hagan CR, Pufall MA, Gertz J, Guo Y, Leslie KK. Global expression analysis of endometrial cancer cells in response to progesterone identifies new therapeutic targets. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 234:106399. [PMID: 37716459 PMCID: PMC11171468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone prevents development of endometrial cancers through its receptor (PR) although the molecular mechanisms have yet to be fully characterized. In this study, we performed a global analysis of gene regulation by progesterone using human endometrial cancer cells that expressed PR endogenously or exogenously. We found progesterone strongly inhibits multiple components of the platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), Janus kinase (JAK), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway through PR. The PDGFR/JAK/STAT pathway signals to control numerous downstream targets including AP-1 transcription factors Fos and Jun. Treatment with inhibitors of the PDGFR/JAK/STAT pathway significantly blocked proliferation in multiple novel patient-derived organoid models of endometrial cancer, and activation of this pathway was found to be a poor prognostic signal for the survival of patients with endometrial cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Our study identifies this pathway as central to the growth-limiting effects of progesterone in endometrial cancer and suggests that inhibitors of PDGFR/JAK/STAT should be considered for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina W Thiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andreea M Newtson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Eric J Devor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Paige K Malmrose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jianling Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Haley A Losh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Suzy Davies
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lane E Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jamie Padilla
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Stephanie M Leiva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chad E Grueter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Patrick Breheny
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Christy R Hagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Miles A Pufall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jason Gertz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kimberly K Leslie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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6
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Buchmann D, Schwabe M, Weiss R, Kuss AW, Schaufler K, Schlüter R, Rödiger S, Guenther S, Schultze N. Natural phenolic compounds as biofilm inhibitors of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli - the role of similar biological processes despite structural diversity. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1232039. [PMID: 37731930 PMCID: PMC10507321 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1232039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens such as Escherichia coli have become increasingly difficult to treat and therefore alternative treatment options are needed. Targeting virulence factors like biofilm formation could be one such option. Inhibition of biofilm-related structures like curli and cellulose formation in E. coli has been shown for different phenolic natural compounds like epigallocatechin gallate. This study demonstrates this effect for other structurally unrelated phenolics, namely octyl gallate, scutellarein and wedelolactone. To verify whether these structurally different compounds influence identical pathways of biofilm formation in E. coli a broad comparative RNA-sequencing approach was chosen with additional RT-qPCR to gain initial insights into the pathways affected at the transcriptomic level. Bioinformatical analysis of the RNA-Seq data was performed using DESeq2, BioCyc and KEGG Mapper. The comparative bioinformatics analysis on the pathways revealed that, irrespective of their structure, all compounds mainly influenced similar biological processes. These pathways included bacterial motility, chemotaxis, biofilm formation as well as metabolic processes like arginine biosynthesis and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Overall, this work provides the first insights into the potential mechanisms of action of novel phenolic biofilm inhibitors and highlights the complex regulatory processes of biofilm formation in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Buchmann
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Schwabe
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Romano Weiss
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Andreas W. Kuss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Schaufler
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Imaging Center of the Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Rödiger
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nadin Schultze
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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7
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Ertuglu LA, Pitzer Mutchler A, Elijovich F, Laffer CL, Sheng Q, Wanjalla CN, Kirabo A. Regulation of human salt-sensitivite hypertension by myeloid cell renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1208270. [PMID: 37534363 PMCID: PMC10390697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1208270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Salt sensitivity of blood pressure is a phenomenon in which blood pressure changes according to dietary sodium intake. Our previous studies found that high salt activates antigen presenting cells, resulting in the development of hypertension. The mechanisms by which salt-induced immune cell activation is regulated in salt sensitivity of blood pressure are unknown. In the current study, we investigated dietary salt-induced effects on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) gene expression in myeloid immune cells and their impact on salt sensitive hypertension in humans. Methods: We performed both bulk and single-cell sequencing analysis on immune cells with in vitro and in vivo high dietary salt treatment in humans using a rigorous salt-loading/depletion protocol to phenotype salt-sensitivity of blood pressure. We also measured plasma renin and aldosterone using radioimmunoassay. Results: We found that while in vitro high sodium exposure downregulated the expression of renin, renin binding protein and renin receptor, there were no significant changes in the genes of the renin-angiotensin system in response to dietary salt loading and depletion in vivo. Plasma renin in salt sensitive individuals tended to be lower with a blunted response to the salt loading/depletion challenge as previously reported. Discussion: These findings suggest that unlike systemic RAAS, acute changes in dietary salt intake do not regulate RAAS expression in myeloid immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale A. Ertuglu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ashley Pitzer Mutchler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Fernando Elijovich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cheryl L. Laffer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, United States
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8
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Kodariah R, Fadilah F, Paramita RI, Erlina L, Istiadi KA, Billianti YD, Saraswati M, Panigoro SS. Raw fastq data for hotspot regions of cancer-related 50 genes using fresh frozen breast carcinoma tissues obtained from IMERI-FMUI biobank collections. Front Genet 2022; 13:973453. [PMID: 36386824 PMCID: PMC9644235 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.973453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ria Kodariah
- Master’s Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fadilah Fadilah
- Master’s Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Bioinformatics Core Facilities-IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Fadilah Fadilah, ; Rafika Indah Paramita,
| | - Rafika Indah Paramita
- Master’s Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Bioinformatics Core Facilities-IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Fadilah Fadilah, ; Rafika Indah Paramita,
| | - Linda Erlina
- Master’s Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Bioinformatics Core Facilities-IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Khaerunnisa Anbar Istiadi
- Bioinformatics Core Facilities-IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Yayi Dwina Billianti
- Master’s Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Meilania Saraswati
- Master’s Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sonar Soni Panigoro
- Master’s Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Surgical Oncology Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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9
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Gingival epithelial cell-derived microvesicles activate mineralization in gingival fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15779. [PMID: 36138045 PMCID: PMC9500071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue calcification occurs in many parts of the body, including the gingival tissue. Epithelial cell-derived MVs can control many functions in fibroblasts but their role in regulating mineralization has not been explored. We hypothesized that microvesicles (MVs) derived from gingival epithelial cells could regulate calcification of gingival fibroblast cultures in osteogenic environment. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium with or without human gingival epithelial cell-derived MV stimulation. Mineralization of the cultures, localization of the MVs and mineral deposits in the HGF cultures were assessed. Gene expression changes associated with MV exposure were analyzed using gene expression profiling and real-time qPCR. Within a week of exposure, epithelial MVs stimulated robust mineralization of HGF cultures that was further enhanced by four weeks. The MVs taken up by the HGF's did not calcify themselves but induced intracellular accumulation of minerals. HGF gene expression profiling after short exposure to MVs demonstrated relative dominance of inflammation-related genes that showed increases in gene expression. In later cultures, OSX, BSP and MMPs were significantly upregulated by the MVs. These results suggest for the first time that epithelial cells maybe associated with the ectopic mineralization process often observed in the soft tissues.
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10
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Sarathkumara YD, Browne DJ, Kelly AM, Pattinson DJ, Rush CM, Warner J, Proietti C, Doolan DL. The Effect of Tropical Temperatures on the Quality of RNA Extracted from Stabilized Whole-Blood Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810609. [PMID: 36142559 PMCID: PMC9503649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-blood-derived transcriptional profiling is widely used in biomarker discovery, immunological research, and therapeutic development. Traditional molecular and high-throughput transcriptomic platforms, including molecular assays with quantitative PCR (qPCR) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), are dependent upon high-quality and intact RNA. However, collecting high-quality RNA from field studies in remote tropical locations can be challenging due to resource restrictions and logistics of post-collection processing. The current study tested the relative performance of the two most widely used whole-blood RNA collection systems, PAXgene® and Tempus™, in optimal laboratory conditions as well as suboptimal conditions in tropical field sites, including the effects of extended storage times and high storage temperatures. We found that Tempus™ tubes maintained a slightly higher RNA quantity and integrity relative to PAXgene® tubes at suboptimal tropical conditions. Both PAXgene® and Tempus™ tubes gave similar RNA purity (A260/A280). Additionally, Tempus™ tubes preferentially maintained the stability of mRNA transcripts for two reference genes tested, Succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A (SDHA) and TATA-box-binding protein (TBP), even when RNA quality decreased with storage length and temperature. Both tube types preserved the rRNA transcript 18S ribosomal RNA (18S) equally. Our results suggest that Tempus™ blood RNA collection tubes are preferable to PAXgene® for whole-blood collection in suboptimal tropical conditions for RNA-based studies in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomani D. Sarathkumara
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health of Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Browne
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health of Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Ashton M. Kelly
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health of Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
| | - David J. Pattinson
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health of Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Catherine M. Rush
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health of Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Warner
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health of Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Carla Proietti
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health of Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Denise L. Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health of Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Listopad S, Magnan C, Asghar A, Stolz A, Tayek JA, Liu ZX, Morgan TR, Norden-Krichmar TM. Differentiating between liver diseases by applying multiclass machine learning approaches to transcriptomics of liver tissue or blood-based samples. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100560. [PMID: 36119721 PMCID: PMC9472076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Liver disease carries significant healthcare burden and frequently requires a combination of blood tests, imaging, and invasive liver biopsy to diagnose. Distinguishing between inflammatory liver diseases, which may have similar clinical presentations, is particularly challenging. In this study, we implemented a machine learning pipeline for the identification of diagnostic gene expression biomarkers across several alcohol-associated and non-alcohol-associated liver diseases, using either liver tissue or blood-based samples. Methods We collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and liver tissue samples from participants with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), alcohol-associated cirrhosis (AC), non-alcohol-associated fatty liver disease, chronic HCV infection, and healthy controls. We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on 137 PBMC samples and 67 liver tissue samples. Using gene expression data, we implemented a machine learning feature selection and classification pipeline to identify diagnostic biomarkers which distinguish between the liver disease groups. The liver tissue results were validated using a public independent RNA-seq dataset. The biomarkers were computationally validated for biological relevance using pathway analysis tools. Results Utilizing liver tissue RNA-seq data, we distinguished between AH, AC, and healthy conditions with overall accuracies of 90% in our dataset, and 82% in the independent dataset, with 33 genes. Distinguishing 4 liver conditions and healthy controls yielded 91% overall accuracy in our liver tissue dataset with 39 genes, and 75% overall accuracy in our PBMC dataset with 75 genes. Conclusions Our machine learning pipeline was effective at identifying a small set of diagnostic gene biomarkers and classifying several liver diseases using RNA-seq data from liver tissue and PBMCs. The methodologies implemented and genes identified in this study may facilitate future efforts toward a liquid biopsy diagnostic for liver diseases. Lay summary Distinguishing between inflammatory liver diseases without multiple tests can be challenging due to their clinically similar characteristics. To lay the groundwork for the development of a non-invasive blood-based diagnostic across a range of liver diseases, we compared samples from participants with alcohol-associated hepatitis, alcohol-associated cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis C infection, and non-alcohol-associated fatty liver disease. We used a machine learning computational approach to demonstrate that gene expression data generated from either liver tissue or blood samples can be used to discover a small set of gene biomarkers for effective diagnosis of these liver diseases.
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Key Words
- AC, alcohol-associated cirrhosis
- AH, alcohol-associated hepatitis
- AKR1B10, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10
- BTM, blood transcription module
- Classification
- DE, differential expression
- FPKM, fragments per kilobase of exon model per million reads mapped
- GSEA, gene set-enrichment analysis
- IG, information gain
- IPA, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis
- LR, logistic regression
- LTCDS, liver tissue cell distribution system
- LV, liver tissue
- ML, machine learning
- MMP, matrix metalloproteases
- NAFLD, non-alcohol-associated fatty liver disease
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- RNA sequencing
- RNA-seq, RNA sequencing
- SCAHC, Southern California Alcoholic Hepatitis Consortium
- SVM, support vector machine
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- alcohol-associated liver disease
- biomarker discovery
- kNN, k-nearest neighbors
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Listopad
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Aliya Asghar
- Medicine and Research Services, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
| | - Andrew Stolz
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - John A. Tayek
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Zhang-Xu Liu
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Timothy R. Morgan
- Medicine and Research Services, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
| | - Trina M. Norden-Krichmar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA,Corresponding author. Address: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA; Tel.: 949-824-8802.
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RNA-Seq Provides Insights into VEGF-Induced Signaling in Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells: Implications in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137354. [PMID: 35806359 PMCID: PMC9266443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is postulated to first involve delayed intraretinal vascularization, followed by intravitreal neovascularization (IVNV). Although intravitreal agents that reduce the bioactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are used to treat IVNV, concerns exist regarding their effects on intraretinal vascularization. In an experimental ROP model, VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) knockdown in retinal endothelial cells reduced IVNV and promoted intraretinal vascularization, whereas knockdown of a downstream effector, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in retinal endothelial cells only reduced IVNV. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the different pathways involved in VEGF-triggered VEGFR2 signaling and VEGF-triggered STAT3 signaling in retinal endothelial cells would allow us to delineate signaling pathways involved in IVNV from those involved in intraretinal vascularization in ROP. To address our hypothesis, we used RNA-sequencing and pathway enrichment analysis to determine changes in the transcriptome of cultured human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). Of the enriched pathways, inactivation of oncostatin M signaling was predicted by either KDR or STAT3 knockdown in the presence of VEGF. Activation of kinetochore metaphase signaling was predicted by KDR knockdown, whereas inactivation was predicted by STAT3 knockdown in the presence of VEGF. Inactivation of signaling by the Rho family of GTPases was predicted by KDR knockdown, but activation was predicted by STAT3 knockdown in the presence of VEGF. Taken together, our data identified unique signaling pathway differences between VEGF-triggered VEGFR2 and VEGF-triggered STAT3 in HRMECs that might have implications in ROP.
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Vázquez-Villaseñor I, Smith CI, Thang YJR, Heath PR, Wharton SB, Blackburn DJ, Ridger VC, Simpson JE. RNA-Seq Profiling of Neutrophil-Derived Microvesicles in Alzheimer's Disease Patients Identifies a miRNA Signature That May Impact Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115913. [PMID: 35682592 PMCID: PMC9180128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Systemic infection is associated with increased neuroinflammation and accelerated cognitive decline in AD patients. Activated neutrophils produce neutrophil-derived microvesicles (NMV), which are internalised by human brain microvascular endothelial cells and increase their permeability in vitro, suggesting that NMV play a role in blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity during infection. The current study investigated whether microRNA content of NMV from AD patients is significantly different compared to healthy controls and could impact cerebrovascular integrity. (2) Methods: Neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood samples of five AD and five healthy control donors without systemic infection were stimulated to produce NMV. MicroRNAs isolated from NMV were analysed by RNA-Seq, and online bioinformatic tools were used to identify significantly differentially expressed microRNAs in the NMV. Target and pathway analyses were performed to predict the impact of the candidate microRNAs on vascular integrity. (3) Results: There was no significant difference in either the number of neutrophils (p = 0.309) or the number of NMV (p = 0.3434) isolated from AD donors compared to control. However, 158 microRNAs were significantly dysregulated in AD NMV compared to controls, some of which were associated with BBB dysfunction, including miR-210, miR-20b-5p and miR-126-5p. Pathway analysis revealed numerous significantly affected pathways involved in regulating vascular integrity, including the TGFβ and PDGFB pathways, as well as Hippo, IL-2 and DNA damage signalling. (4) Conclusions: NMV from AD patients contain miRNAs that may alter the integrity of the BBB and represent a novel neutrophil-mediated mechanism for BBB dysfunction in AD and the accelerated cognitive decline seen as a result of a systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Vázquez-Villaseñor
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK; (C.I.S.); (Y.J.R.T.); (P.R.H.); (S.B.W.); (D.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.-V.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Cynthia I. Smith
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK; (C.I.S.); (Y.J.R.T.); (P.R.H.); (S.B.W.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Yung J. R. Thang
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK; (C.I.S.); (Y.J.R.T.); (P.R.H.); (S.B.W.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Paul R. Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK; (C.I.S.); (Y.J.R.T.); (P.R.H.); (S.B.W.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Stephen B. Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK; (C.I.S.); (Y.J.R.T.); (P.R.H.); (S.B.W.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Daniel J. Blackburn
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK; (C.I.S.); (Y.J.R.T.); (P.R.H.); (S.B.W.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Victoria C. Ridger
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK;
| | - Julie E. Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK; (C.I.S.); (Y.J.R.T.); (P.R.H.); (S.B.W.); (D.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.-V.); (J.E.S.)
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14
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Sandoval C, Mella L, Godoy K, Adeli K, Farías J. β-Carotene Increases Activity of Cytochrome P450 2E1 during Ethanol Consumption. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11051033. [PMID: 35624897 PMCID: PMC9137679 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key routes through which ethanol induces oxidative stress appears to be the activation of cytochrome P450 2E1 at different levels of ethanol intake. Our aim was to determine if oral β-carotene intake had an antioxidant effect on CYP2E1 gene expression in mice that had previously consumed ethanol. C57BL/6 mice were used and distributed into: control (C), low-dose alcohol (LA), moderate-dose alcohol (MA), β-carotene (B), low-dose alcohol+β-carotene (LA + B), and moderate-dose alcohol+β-carotene (MA + B). Animals were euthanized at the end of the experiment, and liver tissue was taken from each one. CYP2E1 was measured using qPCR to detect liver damage. The relative expression level of each RNA was estimated using the comparative threshold cycle (Ct) technique (2−ΔΔCT method) by averaging the Ct values from three replicates. The LA+B (2267 ± 0.707) and MA+B (2.307 ± 0.384) groups had the highest CYP2E1 fold change values. On the other hand, the C (1.053 ± 0.292) and LA (1.240 ± 0.163) groups had the lowest levels. These results suggest that ethanol feeding produced a fold increase in CYP2E1 protein in mice as compared to the control group. Increased CYP2E1 activity was found to support the hypothesis that β-carotene might be dangerous during ethanol exposure in animal models. Our findings imply that β-carotene can increase the hepatic damage caused by low and high doses of alcohol. Therefore, the quantity of alcohol ingested, the exposure period, the regulatory mechanisms of alcoholic liver damage, and the signaling pathways involved in the consumption of both alcohol and antioxidant must all be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Carreras 753, Osorno 5310431, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (J.F.); Tel.: +56-45-2325720 (C.S.); +56-45-2325956 (J.F.)
| | - Luciana Mella
- Carrera de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Karina Godoy
- Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;
| | - Jorge Farías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (J.F.); Tel.: +56-45-2325720 (C.S.); +56-45-2325956 (J.F.)
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15
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Mas A, Martínez-Rodrigo A, Carrión J, Orden JA, Alzate JF, Domínguez-Bernal G, Horcajo P. Transcriptomic Profile of Canine DH82 Macrophages Infected by Leishmania infantum Promastigotes with Different Virulence Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031466. [PMID: 35163386 PMCID: PMC8835757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is an endemic disease in the Mediterranean Basin affecting mainly humans and dogs, the main reservoir. The leishmaniosis outbreak declared in the Community of Madrid (Spain) led to a significant increase in human disease incidence without enhancing canine leishmaniosis prevalence, suggesting a better adaptation of the outbreak's isolates by other host species. One of the isolates obtained in the focus, IPER/ES/2012/BOS1FL1 (BOS1FL1), has previously demonstrated a different phenotype than the reference strain MCAN/ES/1996/BCN150 (BCN150), characterized by a lower infectivity when interacting with canine macrophages. Nevertheless, not enough changes in the cell defensive response were found to support their different behavior. Thus, we decided to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction of both parasites with DH82 canine macrophages by studying their transcriptomic profiles developed after infection using RNA sequencing. The results showed a common regulation induced by both parasites in the phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B/Akt and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. However, other pathways, such as phagocytosis and signal transduction, including tumor necrosis factor, mitogen-activated kinases and nuclear factor-κB, were only regulated after infection with BOS1FL1. These differences could contribute to the reduced infection ability of the outbreak isolates in canine cells. Our results open a new avenue to investigate the true role of adaptation of L. infantum isolates in their interaction with their different hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Mas
- INMIVET, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (A.M.-R.); (J.C.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Abel Martínez-Rodrigo
- INMIVET, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (A.M.-R.); (J.C.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Javier Carrión
- INMIVET, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (A.M.-R.); (J.C.); (J.A.O.)
| | - José Antonio Orden
- INMIVET, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (A.M.-R.); (J.C.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Juan F. Alzate
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica-CNSG, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
| | - Gustavo Domínguez-Bernal
- INMIVET, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (A.M.-R.); (J.C.); (J.A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913943814
| | - Pilar Horcajo
- Animal Health and Zoonoses (SALUVET) Group, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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16
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Liu Y, Qu HQ, Chang X, Tian L, Glessner J, Sleiman PAM, Hakonarson H. Expansion of Schizophrenia Gene Network Knowledge Using Machine Learning Selected Signals From Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala RNA-seq Data. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:797329. [PMID: 35386517 PMCID: PMC8978801 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.797329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted, given the complex nature of schizophrenia (SCZ) gene networks, that a few or a small number of genes are unlikely to represent the underlying functional pathways responsible for SCZ pathogenesis. Several studies from large cohorts have been performed to search for key SCZ network genes using different analytical approaches, such as differential expression tests, genome-wide association study (GWAS), copy number variations, and differential methylations, or from the analysis of mutations residing in the coding regions of the genome. However, only a small portion (<10%) of candidate genes identified in these studies were considered SCZ disease-associated genes in SCZ pathways. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has been a powerful method to detect functional signals. In this study, we used RNA-seq data from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from 254 individuals and RNA-seq data from the amygdala region from 46 individuals. Analysis was performed using machine learning methods, including random forest and factor analysis, to prioritize the numbers of genes from previous SCZ studies. For genes most differentially expressed between SCZ and healthy controls, 18 were added to known SCZ-associated pathways. These include three genes (GNB2, ITPR1, and PLCB2) for the glutamatergic synapse pathway, six genes (P2RX6, EDNRB, GHR, GRID2, TSPO, and S1PR1) for neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, eight genes (CAMK2G, MAP2K1, RAF1, PDE3A, RRAS2, VAV1, ATP1B2, and GLI3) for the cAMP signaling pathway, and four genes (GNB2, CAMK2G, ITPR1, and PLCB2) for the dopaminergic synapse pathway. Besides the previously established pathways, 103 additional gene interactions were expanded to SCZ-associated networks, which were shared among both the DLPFC and amygdala regions. The novel knowledge of molecular targets gained from this study brings opportunities for a more complete picture of the SCZ pathogenesis. A noticeable fact is that hub genes, in the expanded networks, are not necessary differentially expressed or containing hotspots from GWAS studies, indicating that individual methods, such as differential expression tests, are not enough to identify the underlying SCZ pathways and that more integrative analysis is required to unfold the pathobiology of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Liu
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hui-Qi Qu
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiao Chang
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Patrick A M Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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17
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Stothers CL, Burelbach KR, Owen AM, Patil NK, McBride MA, Bohannon JK, Luan L, Hernandez A, Patil TK, Williams DL, Sherwood ER. β-Glucan Induces Distinct and Protective Innate Immune Memory in Differentiated Macrophages. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:2785-2798. [PMID: 34740960 PMCID: PMC8612974 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a common and deadly threat to vulnerable patients. Alternative strategies to fight infection are needed. β-Glucan, an immunomodulator derived from the fungal cell wall, provokes resistance to infection by inducing trained immunity, a phenomenon that persists for weeks to months. Given the durability of trained immunity, it is unclear which leukocyte populations sustain this effect. Macrophages have a life span that surpasses the duration of trained immunity. Thus, we sought to define the contribution of differentiated macrophages to trained immunity. Our results show that β-glucan protects mice from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by augmenting recruitment of innate leukocytes to the site of infection and facilitating local clearance of bacteria, an effect that persists for more than 7 d. Adoptive transfer of macrophages, trained using β-glucan, into naive mice conferred a comparable level of protection. Trained mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages assumed an antimicrobial phenotype characterized by enhanced phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species production in parallel with sustained enhancements in glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, increased mitochondrial mass, and membrane potential. β-Glucan induced broad transcriptomic changes in macrophages consistent with early activation of the inflammatory response, followed by sustained alterations in transcripts associated with metabolism, cellular differentiation, and antimicrobial function. Trained macrophages constitutively secreted CCL chemokines and robustly produced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to LPS challenge. Induction of the trained phenotype was independent of the classic β-glucan receptors Dectin-1 and TLR-2. These findings provide evidence that β-glucan induces enhanced protection from infection by driving trained immunity in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody L Stothers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN;
| | - Katherine R Burelbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Allison M Owen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Naeem K Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Margaret A McBride
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Julia K Bohannon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Liming Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Tazeen K Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
| | - David L Williams
- Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Edward R Sherwood
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
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Pyatnitskiy MA, Arzumanian VA, Radko SP, Ptitsyn KG, Vakhrushev IV, Poverennaya EV, Ponomarenko EA. Oxford Nanopore MinION Direct RNA-Seq for Systems Biology. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1131. [PMID: 34827124 PMCID: PMC8615092 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long-read direct RNA sequencing developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) is quickly gaining popularity for transcriptome studies, while fast turnaround time and low cost make it an attractive instrument for clinical applications. There is a growing interest to utilize transcriptome data to unravel activated biological processes responsible for disease progression and response to therapies. This trend is of particular interest for precision medicine which aims at single-patient analysis. Here we evaluated whether gene abundances measured by MinION direct RNA sequencing are suited to produce robust estimates of pathway activation for single sample scoring methods. We performed multiple RNA-seq analyses for a single sample that originated from the HepG2 cell line, namely five ONT replicates, and three replicates using Illumina NovaSeq. Two pathway scoring methods were employed-ssGSEA and singscore. We estimated the ONT performance in terms of detected protein-coding genes and average pairwise correlation between pathway activation scores using an exhaustive computational scheme for all combinations of replicates. In brief, we found that at least two ONT replicates are required to obtain reproducible pathway scores for both algorithms. We hope that our findings may be of interest to researchers planning their ONT direct RNA-seq experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Pyatnitskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (S.P.R.); (K.G.P.); (I.V.V.); (E.V.P.); (E.A.P.)
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoriia A. Arzumanian
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (S.P.R.); (K.G.P.); (I.V.V.); (E.V.P.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Sergey P. Radko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (S.P.R.); (K.G.P.); (I.V.V.); (E.V.P.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Konstantin G. Ptitsyn
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (S.P.R.); (K.G.P.); (I.V.V.); (E.V.P.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Igor V. Vakhrushev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (S.P.R.); (K.G.P.); (I.V.V.); (E.V.P.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Poverennaya
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (S.P.R.); (K.G.P.); (I.V.V.); (E.V.P.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Elena A. Ponomarenko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (S.P.R.); (K.G.P.); (I.V.V.); (E.V.P.); (E.A.P.)
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Carpinetti PDA, Fioresi VS, Ignez da Cruz T, de Almeida FAN, Canal D, Ferreira A, Ferreira MFDS. Efficient method for isolation of high-quality RNA from Psidium guajava L. tissues. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255245. [PMID: 34310664 PMCID: PMC8312961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquiring high-quality RNA in sufficient amounts is crucial in plant molecular biology and genetic studies. Several methods for RNA extraction from plants are available in the literature, mainly due to the great biochemical diversity present in each species and tissue, which can complicate or prevent the extraction. Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae family) is a perennial fruit tree of medicinal and economic value; nevertheless, only a few molecular studies are available for the species. One reason is the difficulty in obtaining RNA due to the content of the samples, which are rich in polyphenols, polysaccharides, and secondary metabolites. Furthermore, there are few studies available for the isolation of RNA from guava or Psidium samples, which hampers advances in the study of the genus. Here, quality and yields of RNA isolates were compared using six extraction protocols: two protocols based on the application of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) lysis buffer, one protocol which uses the TRIzol reagent, one which applies guanidine thiocyanate lysis buffer followed by organic phase extraction, and two commercial kits (PureLink RNA Mini Kit and RNeasy Plant Mini Kit). The CTAB-based method provided the highest RNA yields and quality for five different tissues (flower bud, immature leaf, young leaf, mature leaf, and root), genotypes, and stress conditions. For the most efficient protocol, the average yield of RNA from guava leaves was 203.06 μg/g of tissue, and the A260/A280 and A260/A230 ratios were 2.1 and 2.2, respectively. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that the purity of the samples was sufficient for molecular biology experiments. CTAB-based methods for RNA isolation were found to be the most efficient, providing the highest RNA yields and quality for tissues from P. guajava. Additionally, they were compatible for downstream RNA-based applications, besides being simple and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola de Avelar Carpinetti
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Improvement, Department of Agronomy, Centre for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Sartori Fioresi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Improvement, Department of Agronomy, Centre for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Thais Ignez da Cruz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Improvement, Department of Agronomy, Centre for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Francine Alves Nogueira de Almeida
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Improvement, Department of Agronomy, Centre for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Drielli Canal
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Improvement, Department of Agronomy, Centre for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Adésio Ferreira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Improvement, Department of Agronomy, Centre for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Marcia Flores da Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Improvement, Department of Agronomy, Centre for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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20
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Ruggeri Barbaro N, Van Beusecum J, Xiao L, do Carmo L, Pitzer A, Loperena R, Foss JD, Elijovich F, Laffer CL, Montaniel KR, Galindo CL, Chen W, Ao M, Mernaugh RL, Alsouqi A, Ikizler TA, Fogo AB, Moreno H, Zhao S, Davies SS, Harrison DG, Kirabo A. Sodium activates human monocytes via the NADPH oxidase and isolevuglandin formation. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1358-1371. [PMID: 33038226 PMCID: PMC8064439 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Prior studies have focused on the role of the kidney and vasculature in salt-induced modulation of blood pressure; however, recent data indicate that sodium accumulates in tissues and can activate immune cells. We sought to examine mechanisms by which salt causes activation of human monocytes both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS To study the effect of salt in human monocytes, monocytes were isolated from volunteers to perform several in vitro experiments. Exposure of human monocytes to elevated Na+ex vivo caused a co-ordinated response involving isolevuglandin (IsoLG)-adduct formation, acquisition of a dendritic cell (DC)-like morphology, expression of activation markers CD83 and CD16, and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. High salt also caused a marked change in monocyte gene expression as detected by RNA sequencing and enhanced monocyte migration to the chemokine CC motif chemokine ligand 5. NADPH-oxidase inhibition attenuated monocyte activation and IsoLG-adduct formation. The increase in IsoLG-adducts correlated with risk factors including body mass index, pulse pressure. Monocytes exposed to high salt stimulated IL-17A production from autologous CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, to evaluate the effect of salt in vivo, monocytes and T cells isolated from humans were adoptively transferred to immunodeficient NSG mice. Salt feeding of humanized mice caused monocyte-dependent activation of human T cells reflected by proliferation and accumulation of T cells in the bone marrow. Moreover, we performed a cross-sectional study in 70 prehypertensive subjects. Blood was collected for flow cytometric analysis and 23Na magnetic resonance imaging was performed for tissue sodium measurements. Monocytes from humans with high skin Na+ exhibited increased IsoLG-adduct accumulation and CD83 expression. CONCLUSION Human monocytes exhibit co-ordinated increases in parameters of activation, conversion to a DC-like phenotype and ability to activate T cells upon both in vitro and in vivo sodium exposure. The ability of monocytes to be activated by sodium is related to in vivo cardiovascular disease risk factors. We therefore propose that in addition to the kidney and vasculature, immune cells like monocytes convey salt-induced cardiovascular risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ruggeri Barbaro
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Justin Van Beusecum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Liang Xiao
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Luciana do Carmo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Ashley Pitzer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Roxana Loperena
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jason D Foss
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Fernando Elijovich
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Cheryl L Laffer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Kim R Montaniel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Cristi L Galindo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Mingfang Ao
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | | | - Aseel Alsouqi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Talat A Ikizler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Heitor Moreno
- Department of Intern Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sean S Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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21
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Kamen Y, Káradóttir RT. Combining whole-cell patch clamp and dye loading in acute brain slices with bulk RNA sequencing in embryonic to aged mice. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100439. [PMID: 33899020 PMCID: PMC8055713 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell electrophysiological recordings combined with dye loading and immunohistochemistry provide unparalleled single-cell resolution of cell physiology, morphology, location, and protein expression. When correlated with bulk RNA sequencing, these data can define cell identity and function. Here, we describe a protocol to prepare acute brain slices from embryonic and postnatal mice for whole-cell patch clamp, dye loading and post-hoc immunohistochemistry, and cell isolation for bulk RNA sequencing. While we focus on oligodendrocyte precursor cells, this protocol is applicable to other brain cells. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Spitzer et al. (2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Kamen
- Wellcome – Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom,Corresponding author
| | - Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir
- Wellcome – Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom,Department of Physiology, Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,Corresponding author
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22
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Know your enemy - transcriptome of myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae reveals potential drug targets against proliferative kidney disease in salmonids. Parasitology 2021; 148:726-739. [PMID: 33478602 PMCID: PMC8056827 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202100010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is a widely spread endoparasite that causes proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in salmonid fish. We developed an in silico pipeline to separate transcripts of T. bryosalmonae from the kidney tissue of its natural vertebrate host, brown trout (Salmo trutta). After stringent filtering, we constructed a partial transcriptome assembly T. bryosalmonae, comprising 3427 transcripts. Based on homology-restricted searches of the assembled parasite transcriptome and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) proteome, we identified four protein targets (Endoglycoceramidase, Legumain-like protease, Carbonic anhydrase 2, Pancreatic lipase-related protein 2) for the development of anti-parasitic drugs against T. bryosalmonae. Earlier work of these proteins on parasitic protists and helminths suggests that the identified anti-parasitic drug targets represent promising chemotherapeutic candidates also against T. bryosalmonae, and strengthen the view that the known inhibitors can be effective in evolutionarily distant organisms. In addition, we identified differentially expressed T. bryosalmonae genes between moderately and severely infected fish, indicating an increased abundance of T. bryosalmonae sporogonic stages in fish with low parasite load. In conclusion, this study paves the way for future genomic research in T. bryosalmonae and represents an important step towards the development of effective drugs against PKD.
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23
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Ikert H, Lynch MDJ, Doxey AC, Giesy JP, Servos MR, Katzenback BA, Craig PM. High Throughput Sequencing of MicroRNA in Rainbow Trout Plasma, Mucus, and Surrounding Water Following Acute Stress. Front Physiol 2021; 11:588313. [PMID: 33519501 PMCID: PMC7838646 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.588313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) are well established as biomarkers of several diseases in humans and have recently been used as indicators of environmental exposures in fish. However, the role of plasma miRNAs in regulating acute stress responses in fish is largely unknown. Tissue and plasma miRNAs have recently been associated with excreted miRNAs; however, external miRNAs have never been measured in fish. The objective of this study was to identify the altered plasma miRNAs in response to acute stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as well as altered miRNAs in fish epidermal mucus and the surrounding ambient water. Small RNA was extracted and sequenced from plasma, mucus, and water collected from rainbow trout pre- and 1 h-post a 3-min air stressor. Following small RNA-Seq and pathway analysis, we identified differentially expressed plasma miRNAs that targeted biosynthetic, degradation, and metabolic pathways. We successfully isolated miRNA from trout mucus and the surrounding water and detected differences in miRNA expression 1-h post air stress. The expressed miRNA profiles in mucus and water were different from the altered plasma miRNA profile, which indicated that the plasma miRNA response was not associated with or immediately reflected in external samples, which was further validated through qPCR. This research expands understanding of the role of plasma miRNA in the acute stress response of fish and is the first report of successful isolation and profiling of miRNA from fish mucus or samples of ambient water. Measurements of miRNA from plasma, mucus, or water can be further studied and have potential to be applied as non-lethal indicators of acute stress in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Ikert
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andrew C. Doxey
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - John P. Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Mark R. Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Paul M. Craig
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Shukla S, Khadirnaikar S. RNA-Sequencing Analysis Pipeline for Prognostic Marker Identification in Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2174:119-131. [PMID: 32813247 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0759-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sequencing analysis finds many applications in various fields of biology from comparative genomics to clinical research. Recent studies, using high-throughput sequencing method, has generated terabytes of data. It is challenging to interpret and draw a meaningful conclusion without the proper understanding of various steps involved in the analysis of such data. This chapter deals with the pipeline to be followed to process the raw RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) reads, align, assemble, and quantify them in order to draw significant clinical conclusions from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Shukla
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
| | - Seema Khadirnaikar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Genetic aberrations resulting in tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) fusion proteins can drive oncogenesis and are postulated to occur in up to 1% of solid tumours. However, TRK fusions in adult sarcomas are rare and there is a significant challenge in identifying patients with sarcomas harbouring TRK fusions in the clinical setting. Despite a recent European Society of Medical Oncology consensus article regarding screening of tumours for TRK fusions, economical and practical limitations present a barrier to widespread screening of sarcomas. RECENT FINDINGS Larotrectinib and entrectinib are pan-TRK inhibitors which have both received FDA approval for the management of solid tumours harbouring NTRK fusions. Initial results of a number of clinical trials have demonstrated promising efficacy and safety data, including dramatic and durable responses in patients with sarcomas. As such, TRK inhibitors represent a promising treatment option in a small cohort of adult sarcoma patients, where currently treatment options are limited. The emergence of acquired resistance is a concern associated with TRK inhibitor therapy and a number of second-generation agents targeting TRK kinase mutations driving acquired resistance have entered early-phase clinical trials. SUMMARY With the growing appreciation of the implications of TRK fusions, this review will summarize the emerging clinical trial data of TRK inhibitors in sarcomas. Although in their infancy, clinical trial results are encouraging, and as further results and analyses are released, we will have a greater understanding of their impact on clinical practice and the management of patients with sarcomas.
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Puchta M, Boczkowska M, Groszyk J. Low RIN Value for RNA-Seq Library Construction from Long-Term Stored Seeds: A Case Study of Barley Seeds. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1190. [PMID: 33066221 PMCID: PMC7650657 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed aging is a complex biological process and its fundamentals and mechanisms have not yet been fully recognized. This is a key issue faced by research teams involved in the collection and storage of plant genetic resources in gene banks every day. Transcriptomic changes associated with seed aging in the dry state have barely been studied. The aim of the study was to develop an efficient protocol for construction of RNA-Seq libraries from long-term stored seeds with very low viability and low RNA integrity number (RIN). Here, barley seeds that have almost completely lost their viability as a result of long-term storage were used. As a control, fully viable seeds obtained in the course of field regeneration were used. The effectiveness of protocols dedicated to RNA samples with high and low RIN values was compared. The experiment concluded that library construction from low viable or long-term stored seeds with degraded RNA (RIN < 3) should be carried out with extraordinary attention due to the possibility of uneven degradation of different RNA fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Boczkowska
- National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland; (M.P.); (J.G.)
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27
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Sheak JR, Jones DT, Lantz BJ, Maston LD, Vigil D, Resta TC, Resta MM, Howard TA, Kanagy NL, Guo Y, Jankowska-Gan E, Sullivan JA, Braun RK, Burlingham WJ, Gonzalez Bosc LV. NFATc3 regulation of collagen V expression contributes to cellular immunity to collagen type V and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L968-L980. [PMID: 32997513 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00184.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) results, in part, from T helper-17 (TH17) cell-mediated perivascular inflammation. However, the antigen(s) involved is unknown. Cellular immunity to collagen type V (col V) develops after ischemia-reperfusion injury during lung transplant and is mediated by naturally occurring (n)TH17 cells. Col5a1 gene codifies for the α1-helix of col V, which is normally hidden from the immune system within type I collagen in the extracellular matrix. COL5A1 promoter analysis revealed nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 3 (NFATc3) binding sites. Therefore, we hypothesized that smooth muscle NFATc3 upregulates col V expression, leading to nTH17 cell-mediated autoimmunity to col V in response to CH, representing an upstream mechanism in PH development. To test our hypothesis, we measured indexes of PH in inducible smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific NFATc3 knockout (KO) mice exposed to either CH (380 mmHg) or normoxia and compared them with wild-type (WT) mice. KO mice did not develop PH. In addition, COL5A1 was one of the 1,792 genes differentially affected by both CH and SMC NFATc3 in isolated intrapulmonary arteries, which was confirmed by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Cellular immunity to col V was determined using a trans vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity assay (Tv-DTH). Tv-DTH response was evident only when splenocytes were used from control mice exposed to CH but not from KO mice, and mediated by nTH17 cells. Our results suggest that SMC NFATc3 is important for CH-induced PH in adult mice, in part, by regulating the expression of the lung self-antigen COL5A1 protein contributing to col V-reactive nTH17-mediated inflammation and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Sheak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - David T Jones
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjamin J Lantz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Levi D Maston
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Danielle Vigil
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Micaela M Resta
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Tamara A Howard
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nancy L Kanagy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bioinformatics Shared Resource Center, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Ewa Jankowska-Gan
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jeremy A Sullivan
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rudolf K Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William J Burlingham
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Vascular Physiology Group, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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28
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Yu H, Chen D, Oyebamiji O, Zhao YY, Guo Y. Expression correlation attenuates within and between key signaling pathways in chronic kidney disease. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:134. [PMID: 32957963 PMCID: PMC7504859 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compared to the conventional differential expression approach, differential coexpression analysis represents a different yet complementary perspective into diseased transcriptomes. In particular, global loss of transcriptome correlation was previously observed in aging mice, and a most recent study found genetic and environmental perturbations on human subjects tended to cause universal attenuation of transcriptome coherence. While methodological progresses surrounding differential coexpression have helped with research on several human diseases, there has not been an investigation of coexpression disruptions in chronic kidney disease (CKD) yet. Methods RNA-seq was performed on total RNAs of kidney tissue samples from 140 CKD patients. A combination of differential coexpression methods were employed to analyze the transcriptome transition in CKD from the early, mild phase to the late, severe kidney damage phase. Results We discovered a global expression correlation attenuation in CKD progression, with pathway Regulation of nuclear SMAD2/3 signaling demonstrating the most remarkable intra-pathway correlation rewiring. Moreover, the pathway Signaling events mediated by focal adhesion kinase displayed significantly weakened crosstalk with seven pathways, including Regulation of nuclear SMAD2/3 signaling. Well-known relevant genes, such as ACTN4, were characterized with widespread correlation disassociation with partners from a wide array of signaling pathways. Conclusions Altogether, our analysis reported a global expression correlation attenuation within and between key signaling pathways in chronic kidney disease, and presented a list of vanishing hub genes and disrupted correlations within and between key signaling pathways, illuminating on the pathophysiological mechanisms of CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Danqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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29
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Hasegawa Y, Otoki Y, McClorry S, Coates LC, Lombardi RL, Taha AY, Slupsky CM. Optimization of a Method for the Simultaneous Extraction of Polar and Non-Polar Oxylipin Metabolites, DNA, RNA, Small RNA, and Protein from a Single Small Tissue Sample. Methods Protoc 2020; 3:mps3030061. [PMID: 32859006 PMCID: PMC7564281 DOI: 10.3390/mps3030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A more comprehensive picture of tissue biology can be obtained through the application and integration of multiple omic technologies. However, the common challenge in working with a precious sample is having a sample too small to separately extract analytes of interest for each experiment. Considering the high heterogeneity that can be present in a single tissue sample, extracting all biomolecules from a single and undivided tissue is preferable because it allows direct comparison of results. Here, we combined a modified Folch extraction method with DNA, RNA, small RNA, and protein extraction using two commercial kits, which allowed us to extract polar metabolites and non-polar oxylipin metabolites, DNA, RNA, small RNA, and protein simultaneously from a small tissue sample. The method was validated in terms of quantity and quality of analytes for downstream analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (L.C.C.); (R.L.L.); (A.Y.T.)
| | - Yurika Otoki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (L.C.C.); (R.L.L.); (A.Y.T.)
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shannon McClorry
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Laurynne C. Coates
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (L.C.C.); (R.L.L.); (A.Y.T.)
| | - Rachel L. Lombardi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (L.C.C.); (R.L.L.); (A.Y.T.)
| | - Ameer Y. Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (L.C.C.); (R.L.L.); (A.Y.T.)
| | - Carolyn M. Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (Y.H.); (Y.O.); (L.C.C.); (R.L.L.); (A.Y.T.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-530-752-6804; Fax: +1-530-752-4759
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30
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Lim KH, Han Z, Jeon HY, Kach J, Jing E, Weyn-Vanhentenryck S, Downs M, Corrionero A, Oh R, Scharner J, Venkatesh A, Ji S, Liau G, Ticho B, Nash H, Aznarez I. Antisense oligonucleotide modulation of non-productive alternative splicing upregulates gene expression. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3501. [PMID: 32647108 PMCID: PMC7347940 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While most monogenic diseases are caused by loss or reduction of protein function, the need for technologies that can selectively increase levels of protein in native tissues remains. Here we demonstrate that antisense-mediated modulation of pre-mRNA splicing can increase endogenous expression of full-length protein by preventing naturally occurring non-productive alternative splicing and promoting generation of productive mRNA. Bioinformatics analysis of RNA sequencing data identifies non-productive splicing events in 7,757 protein-coding human genes, of which 1,246 are disease-associated. Antisense oligonucleotides targeting multiple types of non-productive splicing events lead to increases in productive mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Moreover, intracerebroventricular injection of two antisense oligonucleotides in wild-type mice leads to a dose-dependent increase in productive mRNA and protein in the brain. The targeting of natural non-productive alternative splicing to upregulate expression from wild-type or hypomorphic alleles provides a unique approach to treating genetic diseases. Restoration of normal gene expression is one way to treat monogenic disorders. Here the authors target naturally occurring non-productive alternative splicing using antisense oligonucleotides to promote the production of functional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhou Han
- Stoke Therapeutics, Inc., Bedford, MA, USA
| | | | - Jacob Kach
- Stoke Therapeutics, Inc., Bedford, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Raymond Oh
- Stoke Therapeutics, Inc., Bedford, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Sophina Ji
- Stoke Therapeutics, Inc., Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Gene Liau
- Stoke Therapeutics, Inc., Bedford, MA, USA
| | | | - Huw Nash
- Stoke Therapeutics, Inc., Bedford, MA, USA
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31
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Quality Control of Next-Generation Sequencing-Based HIV-1 Drug Resistance Data in Clinical Laboratory Information Systems Framework. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060645. [PMID: 32545906 PMCID: PMC7354600 DOI: 10.3390/v12060645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) in HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) testing has the potential to improve both clinical and public health settings, however it challenges the normal operations of quality management systems to be more flexible due to its complexity, massive data generation, and rapidly evolving protocols. While guidelines for quality management in NGS data have previously been outlined, little guidance has been implemented for NGS-based HIVDR testing. This document summarizes quality control procedures for NGS-based HIVDR testing laboratories using a laboratory information systems (LIS) framework. Here, we focus in particular on the quality control measures applied on the final sequencing product aligned with the recommendations from the World Health Organization HIV Drug Resistance Laboratory Network.
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32
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Bortolomeazzi M, Keddar MR, Ciccarelli FD, Benedetti L. Identification of non-cancer cells from cancer transcriptomic data. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194445. [PMID: 31654804 PMCID: PMC7346884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.194445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between cancer cells and non-cancer cells composing the tumour microenvironment play a primary role in determining cancer progression and shaping the response to therapy. The qualitative and quantitative characterisation of the different cell populations in the tumour microenvironment is therefore crucial to understand its role in cancer. In recent years, many experimental and computational approaches have been developed to identify the cell populations composing heterogeneous tissue samples, such as cancer. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art approaches for the quantification of non-cancer cells from bulk and single-cell cancer transcriptomic data, with a focus on immune cells. We illustrate the main features of these approaches and highlight their applications for the analysis of the tumour microenvironment in solid cancers. We also discuss techniques that are complementary and alternative to RNA sequencing, particularly focusing on approaches that can provide spatial information on the distribution of the cells within the tumour in addition to their qualitative and quantitative measurements. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Transcriptional Profiles and Regulatory Gene Networks edited by Dr. Federico Manuel Giorgi and Dr. Shaun Mahony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bortolomeazzi
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK
| | - Mohamed Reda Keddar
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK
| | - Francesca D Ciccarelli
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK.
| | - Lorena Benedetti
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK.
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33
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LDB1 Enforces Stability on Direct and Indirect Oncoprotein Partners in Leukemia. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00652-19. [PMID: 32229578 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00652-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The LMO2/LDB1 macromolecular complex is critical in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell specification and in the development of acute leukemia. This complex is comprised of core subunits of LMO2 and LDB1 as well as single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSBP) cofactors and DNA-binding basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and GATA transcription factors. We analyzed the steady-state abundance and kinetic stability of LMO2 and its partners via Halo protein tagging in conjunction with variant proteins deficient in binding their respective direct protein partners. We discovered a hierarchy of protein stabilities (with half-lives in descending order) as follows: LDB1 > SSBP > LMO2 > TAL1. Importantly, LDB1 is a remarkably stable protein that confers enhanced stability upon direct and indirect partners, thereby nucleating the formation of the multisubunit protein complex. The data imply that free subunits are more rapidly degraded than those incorporated within the LMO2/LDB1 complex. Our studies provided significant insights into LMO2/LDB1 macromolecular protein complex assembly and stability, which has implications for understanding its role in blood cell formation and for therapeutically targeting this complex in human leukemias.
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34
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Nlandu-Khodo S, Osaki Y, Scarfe L, Yang H, Phillips-Mignemi M, Tonello J, Saito-Diaz K, Neelisetty S, Ivanova A, Huffstater T, McMahon R, Taketo MM, deCaestecker M, Kasinath B, Harris RC, Lee E, Gewin LS. Tubular β-catenin and FoxO3 interactions protect in chronic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135454. [PMID: 32369448 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in renal development and is reexpressed in the injured kidney and other organs. β-Catenin signaling is protective in acute kidney injury (AKI) through actions on the proximal tubule, but the current dogma is that Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes fibrosis and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). As the role of proximal tubular β-catenin signaling in CKD remains unclear, we genetically stabilized (i.e., activated) β-catenin specifically in murine proximal tubules. Mice with increased tubular β-catenin signaling were protected in 2 murine models of AKI to CKD progression. Oxidative stress, a common feature of CKD, reduced the conventional T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor-dependent β-catenin signaling and augmented FoxO3-dependent activity in proximal tubule cells in vitro and in vivo. The protective effect of proximal tubular β-catenin in renal injury required the presence of FoxO3 in vivo. Furthermore, we identified cystathionine γ-lyase as a potentially novel transcriptional target of β-catenin/FoxO3 interactions in the proximal tubule. Thus, our studies overturned the conventional dogma about β-catenin signaling and CKD by showing a protective effect of proximal tubule β-catenin in CKD and identified a potentially new transcriptional target of β-catenin/FoxO3 signaling that has therapeutic potential for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stellor Nlandu-Khodo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yosuke Osaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lauren Scarfe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Haichun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, VUMC, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melanie Phillips-Mignemi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jane Tonello
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Surekha Neelisetty
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alla Ivanova
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tessa Huffstater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert McMahon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mark deCaestecker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Balakuntalam Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and
| | - Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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35
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Lim WK, Mathuru AS. Design, challenges, and the potential of transcriptomics to understand social behavior. Curr Zool 2020; 66:321-330. [PMID: 32684913 PMCID: PMC7357267 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid advances in Ribonucleic Acid sequencing (or RNA-seq) technology for analyzing entire transcriptomes of desired tissue samples, or even of single cells at scale, have revolutionized biology in the past decade. Increasing accessibility and falling costs are making it possible to address many problems in biology that were once considered intractable, including the study of various social behaviors. RNA-seq is opening new avenues to understand long-standing questions on the molecular basis of behavioral plasticity and individual variation in the expression of a behavior. As whole transcriptomes are examined, it has become possible to make unbiased discoveries of underlying mechanisms with little or no necessity to predict genes involved in advance. However, researchers need to be aware of technical limitations and have to make specific decisions when applying RNA-seq to study social behavior. Here, we provide a perspective on the applications of RNA-seq and experimental design considerations for behavioral scientists who are unfamiliar with the technology but are considering using it in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Kin Lim
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, 12 College Avenue West, Singapore
| | - Ajay S Mathuru
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, 12 College Avenue West, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLL), National University of Singapore, Singapore
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36
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Sudhan DR, Guerrero-Zotano A, Won H, González Ericsson P, Servetto A, Huerta-Rosario M, Ye D, Lee KM, Formisano L, Guo Y, Liu Q, Kinch LN, Red Brewer M, Dugger T, Koch J, Wick MJ, Cutler RE, Lalani AS, Bryce R, Auerbach A, Hanker AB, Arteaga CL. Hyperactivation of TORC1 Drives Resistance to the Pan-HER Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Neratinib in HER2-Mutant Cancers. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:183-199.e5. [PMID: 31978326 PMCID: PMC7301608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We developed neratinib-resistant HER2-mutant cancer cells by gradual dose escalation. RNA sequencing identified TORC1 signaling as an actionable mechanism of drug resistance. Primary and acquired neratinib resistance in HER2-mutant breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) was also associated with TORC1 hyperactivity. Genetic suppression of RAPTOR or RHEB ablated P-S6 and restored sensitivity to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The combination of the TORC1 inhibitor everolimus and neratinib potently arrested the growth of neratinib-resistant xenografts and organoids established from neratinib-resistant PDXs. RNA and whole-exome sequencing revealed RAS-mediated TORC1 activation in a subset of neratinib-resistant models. DNA sequencing of HER2-mutant tumors clinically refractory to neratinib, as well as circulating tumor DNA profiling of patients who progressed on neratinib, showed enrichment of genomic alterations that converge to activate the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya R Sudhan
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Helen Won
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alberto Servetto
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mariela Huerta-Rosario
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dan Ye
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa N Kinch
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Monica Red Brewer
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Teresa Dugger
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James Koch
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ariella B Hanker
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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37
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Hall CL, Gurha P, Sabater-Molina M, Asimaki A, Futema M, Lovering RC, Suárez MP, Aguilera B, Molina P, Zorio E, Coarfa C, Robertson MJ, Cheedipudi SM, Ng KE, Delaney P, Hernández JP, Pastor F, Gimeno JR, McKenna WJ, Marian AJ, Syrris P. RNA sequencing-based transcriptome profiling of cardiac tissue implicates novel putative disease mechanisms in FLNC-associated arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2019; 302:124-130. [PMID: 31843279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) encompasses a group of inherited cardiomyopathies including arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) whose molecular disease mechanism is associated with dysregulation of the canonical WNT signalling pathway. Recent evidence indicates that ARVC and ACM caused by pathogenic variants in the FLNC gene encoding filamin C, a major cardiac structural protein, may have different molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. We sought to identify dysregulated biological pathways in FLNC-associated ACM. RNA was extracted from seven paraffin-embedded left ventricular tissue samples from deceased ACM patients carrying FLNC variants and sequenced. Transcript levels of 623 genes were upregulated and 486 genes were reduced in ACM in comparison to control samples. The cell adhesion pathway and ILK signalling were among the prominent dysregulated pathways in ACM. Consistent with these findings, transcript levels of cell adhesion genes JAM2, NEO1, VCAM1 and PTPRC were upregulated in ACM samples. Moreover, several actin-associated genes, including FLNC, VCL, PARVB and MYL7, were suppressed, suggesting dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Analysis of the transcriptome for dysregulated biological pathways predicted activation of inflammation and apoptosis and suppression of oxidative phosphorylation and MTORC1 signalling in ACM. Our data suggests dysregulated cell adhesion and ILK signalling as novel putative pathogenic mechanisms of ACM caused by FLNC variants which are distinct from the postulated disease mechanism of classic ARVC caused by desmosomal gene mutations. This knowledge could help in the design of future gene therapy strategies which would target specific components of these pathways and potentially lead to novel treatments for ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Hall
- Centre for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Priyatansh Gurha
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, USA
| | - Maria Sabater-Molina
- Laboratorio de Cardiogenética, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Angeliki Asimaki
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St Georges University of London, London, UK
| | - Marta Futema
- Centre for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth C Lovering
- Functional Gene Annotation Group, Pre-clinical and Fundamental Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mari Paz Suárez
- Instituto Nacional de Toxicologia y Ciencias Forenses de Madrid (INTCF), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Aguilera
- Instituto Nacional de Toxicologia y Ciencias Forenses de Madrid (INTCF), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Molina
- Department of Pathology at the Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses de Valencia (IMLCF-Valencia), Histology Unit at the Universitat de València, and Research Group on Inherited Heart Diseases, Sudden Death and Mechanisms of Disease (CaFaMuSMe) from the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Zorio
- Cardiology Department at Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe and Research Group on Inherited Heart Diseases, Sudden Death and Mechanisms of Disease (CaFaMuSMe) from the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Sirisha M Cheedipudi
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, USA
| | - Keat-Eng Ng
- William Harvey Heart Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul Delaney
- William Harvey Heart Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Francisco Pastor
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan R Gimeno
- Servicio de Cardiologia del Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca and Departamento de Medicina Interna de la Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - William J McKenna
- Centre for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ali J Marian
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, USA
| | - Petros Syrris
- Centre for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.
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38
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Johansson MM, Pottmeier P, Suciu P, Ahmad T, Zaghlool A, Halvardson J, Darj E, Feuk L, Peuckert C, Jazin E. Novel Y-Chromosome Long Non-Coding RNAs Expressed in Human Male CNS During Early Development. Front Genet 2019; 10:891. [PMID: 31608120 PMCID: PMC6769107 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Global microarray gene expression analyses previously demonstrated differences in female and male embryos during neurodevelopment. In particular, before sexual maturation of the gonads, the differences seem to concentrate on the expression of genes encoded on the X- and Y-chromosomes. To investigate genome-wide differences in expression during this early developmental window, we combined high-resolution RNA sequencing with qPCR to analyze brain samples from human embryos during the first trimester of development. Our analysis was tailored for maximum sensitivity to discover Y-chromosome gene expression, but at the same time, it was underpowered to detect X-inactivation escapees. Using this approach, we found that 5 out of 13 expressed gametolog pairs showed unbalanced gene dosage, and as a consequence, a male-biased expression. In addition, we found six novel non-annotated long non-coding RNAs on the Y-chromosome with conserved expression patterns in newborn chimpanzee. The tissue specific and time-restricted expression of these long non-coding RNAs strongly suggests important functions during central nervous system development in human males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M Johansson
- Department of Organismal Biology, EBC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philipp Pottmeier
- Department of Organismal Biology, EBC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pascalina Suciu
- Department of Organismal Biology, EBC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tauseef Ahmad
- Department of Organismal Biology, EBC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ammar Zaghlool
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Halvardson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Darj
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Feuk
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christiane Peuckert
- Department of Organismal Biology, EBC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Stockholms University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Jazin
- Department of Organismal Biology, EBC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhang Z, Ruan H, Liu CJ, Ye Y, Gong J, Diao L, Guo AY, Han L. tRic: a user-friendly data portal to explore the expression landscape of tRNAs in human cancers. RNA Biol 2019; 17:1674-1679. [PMID: 31432762 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1657744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) play critical roles in human cancer. Currently, no database provides the expression landscape and clinical relevance of tRNAs across a variety of human cancers. Utilizing miRNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we quantified the relative expression of tRNA genes and merged them into the codon level and amino level across 31 cancer types. The expression of tRNAs is associated with clinical features of patient smoking history and overall survival, and disease stage, subtype, and grade. We further analysed codon frequency and amino acid frequency for each protein coding gene and linked alterations of tRNA expression with protein translational efficiency. We include these data resources in a user-friendly data portal, tRic (tRNA in cancer, https://hanlab.uth.edu/tRic/ or http://bioinfo.life.hust.edu.cn/tRic/), which can be of significant interest to the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hang Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chun-Jie Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
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Xi W, Gao Y, Cheng Z, Chen C, Han M, Yang P, Xiong G, Ning K. Using QC-Blind for Quality Control and Contamination Screening of Bacteria DNA Sequencing Data Without Reference Genome. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1560. [PMID: 31354662 PMCID: PMC6637319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality control for next generation sequencing (NGS) has become increasingly important with the ever increasing importance of sequencing data for omics studies. Tools have been developed for filtering possible contaminants from species with known reference genome. Unfortunately, reference genomes for all the species involved, including the contaminants, are required for these tools to work. This precludes many real-life samples that have no information about the complete genome of the target species, and are contaminated with unknown microbial species. In this work we proposed QC-Blind, a novel quality control pipeline for removing contaminants without any use of reference genomes. The pipeline merely requires the information about a few marker genes of the target species. The entire pipeline consists of unsupervised read assembly, contig binning, read clustering, and marker gene assignment. When evaluated on in silico, ab initio and in vivo datasets, QC-Blind proved effective in removing unknown contaminants with high specificity and accuracy, while preserving most of the genomic information of the target bacterial species. Therefore, QC-Blind could serve well in situations where limited information is available for both target and contamination species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Maozhen Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengshuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangzhou Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Moving beyond neurons: the role of cell type-specific gene regulation in Parkinson's disease heritability. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 5:6. [PMID: 31016231 PMCID: PMC6470136 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-019-0076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), with its characteristic loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and deposition of α-synuclein in neurons, is often considered a neuronal disorder. However, in recent years substantial evidence has emerged to implicate glial cell types, such as astrocytes and microglia. In this study, we used stratified LD score regression and expression-weighted cell-type enrichment together with several brain-related and cell-type-specific genomic annotations to connect human genomic PD findings to specific brain cell types. We found that PD heritability attributable to common variation does not enrich in global and regional brain annotations or brain-related cell-type-specific annotations. Likewise, we found no enrichment of PD susceptibility genes in brain-related cell types. In contrast, we demonstrated a significant enrichment of PD heritability in a curated lysosomal gene set highly expressed in astrocytic, microglial, and oligodendrocyte subtypes, and in LoF-intolerant genes, which were found highly expressed in almost all tested cellular subtypes. Our results suggest that PD risk loci do not lie in specific cell types or individual brain regions, but rather in global cellular processes detectable across several cell types.
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42
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Zhao S, Jing W, Samuels DC, Sheng Q, Shyr Y, Guo Y. Strategies for processing and quality control of Illumina genotyping arrays. Brief Bioinform 2019; 19:765-775. [PMID: 28334151 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Illumina genotyping arrays have powered thousands of large-scale genome-wide association studies over the past decade. Yet, because of the tremendous volume and complicated genetic assumptions of Illumina genotyping data, processing and quality control (QC) of these data remain a challenge. Thorough QC ensures the accurate identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and is required for the correct interpretation of genetic association results. By processing genotyping data on > 100 000 subjects from >10 major Illumina genotyping arrays, we have accumulated extensive experience in handling some of the most peculiar scenarios related to the processing and QC of Illumina genotyping data. Here, we describe strategies for processing Illumina genotyping data from the raw data to an analysis ready format, and we elaborate on the necessary QC procedures required at each processing step. High-quality Illumina genotyping data sets can be obtained by following our detailed QC strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wang Jing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David C Samuels
- Department of Molecular Physics and Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Quanghu Sheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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43
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Kliot A, Kontsedalov S, Lebedev G, Czosnek H, Ghanim M. Combined infection with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Rickettsia influences fecundity, attraction to infected plants and expression of immunity-related genes in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:721-731. [PMID: 30762513 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that Rickettsia, a secondary facultative bacterial symbiont that infects the whitefly B. tabaci is implicated in the transmission of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Infection with Rickettsia improved the acquisition and transmission of the virus by B. tabaci adults. Here we performed a transcriptomic analysis with Rickettsia-infected and uninfected B. tabaci adults before and after TYLCV acquisition. The results show a dramatic and specific activation of the immune system in the presence of Rickettsia before TYLCV acquisition. However, when TYLCV was acquired, it induced massive activation of gene expression in the Rickettsia uninfected population, whereas in the Rickettsia-infected population the virus induced massive down-regulation of gene expression. Fitness and choice experiments revealed that while Rickettsia-infected whiteflies are always more attracted to TYLCV-infected plants, this attraction is not always beneficiary for their offspring. These studies further confirm the role of Rickettsia in many aspects of B. tabaci interactions with TYLCV, and possibly serves as an important factor in the dissemination of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Kliot
- 1Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.,2Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Galina Lebedev
- 1Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Henryk Czosnek
- 2Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Murad Ghanim
- 1Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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44
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Laser capture microdissection for transcriptomic profiles in human skin biopsies. BMC Mol Biol 2018; 19:7. [PMID: 29921228 PMCID: PMC6009967 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-018-0108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The acquisition of reliable tissue-specific RNA sequencing data from human skin biopsy represents a major advance in research. However, the complexity of the process of isolation of specific layers from fresh-frozen human specimen by laser capture microdissection, the abundant presence of skin nucleases and RNA instability remain relevant methodological challenges. We developed and optimized a protocol to extract RNA from layers of human skin biopsies and to provide satisfactory quality and amount of mRNA sequencing data. Results The protocol includes steps of collection, embedding, freezing, histological coloration and relative optimization to preserve RNA extracted from specific components of fresh-frozen human skin biopsy of 14 subjects. Optimization of the protocol includes a preservation step in RNALater® Solution, the control of specimen temperature, the use of RNase Inhibitors and the time reduction of the staining procedure. The quality of extracted RNA was measured using the percentage of fragments longer than 200 nucleotides (DV200), a more suitable measurement for successful library preparation than the RNA Integrity Number (RIN). RNA was then enriched using the TruSeq® RNA Access Library Prep Kit (Illumina®) and sequenced on HiSeq® 2500 platform (Illumina®). Quality control on RNA sequencing data was adequate to get reliable data for downstream analysis. Conclusions The described implemented and optimized protocol can be used for generating transcriptomics data on skin tissues, and it is potentially applicable to other tissues. It can be extended to multicenter studies, due to the introduction of an initial step of preservation of the specimen that allowed the shipment of biological samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12867-018-0108-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Fensterheim BA, Young JD, Luan L, Kleinbard RR, Stothers CL, Patil NK, McAtee-Pereira AG, Guo Y, Trenary I, Hernandez A, Fults JB, Williams DL, Sherwood ER, Bohannon JK. The TLR4 Agonist Monophosphoryl Lipid A Drives Broad Resistance to Infection via Dynamic Reprogramming of Macrophage Metabolism. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:3777-3789. [PMID: 29686054 PMCID: PMC5964009 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a clinically used TLR4 agonist that has been found to drive nonspecific resistance to infection for up to 2 wk. However, the molecular mechanisms conferring protection are not well understood. In this study, we found that MPLA prompts resistance to infection, in part, by inducing a sustained and dynamic metabolic program in macrophages that supports improved pathogen clearance. Mice treated with MPLA had enhanced resistance to infection with Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans that was associated with augmented microbial clearance and organ protection. Tissue macrophages, which exhibited augmented phagocytosis and respiratory burst after MPLA treatment, were required for the beneficial effects of MPLA. Further analysis of the macrophage phenotype revealed that early TLR4-driven aerobic glycolysis was later coupled with mitochondrial biogenesis, enhanced malate shuttling, and increased mitochondrial ATP production. This metabolic program was initiated by overlapping and redundant contributions of MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways as well as downstream mTOR activation. Blockade of mTOR signaling inhibited the development of the metabolic and functional macrophage phenotype and ablated MPLA-induced resistance to infection in vivo. Our findings reveal that MPLA drives macrophage metabolic reprogramming that evolves over a period of days to support a macrophage phenotype highly effective at mediating microbe clearance and that this results in nonspecific resistance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Fensterheim
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Liming Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Ruby R Kleinbard
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Cody L Stothers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Naeem K Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | | | - Yin Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Irina Trenary
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Jessica B Fults
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614
| | - Edward R Sherwood
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Julia K Bohannon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
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Guo Y, Yu H, Wang J, Sheng Q, Zhao S, Zhao YY, Lehmann BD. The Landscape of Small Non-Coding RNAs in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010029. [PMID: 29320459 PMCID: PMC5793181 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an operational term for breast cancers lacking targetable estrogen receptor expression and HER2 amplifications. TNBC is, therefore, inherently heterogeneous, and is associated with worse prognosis, greater rates of metastasis, and earlier onset. TNBC displays mutational and transcriptional diversity, and distinct mRNA transcriptional subtypes exhibiting unique biology. High-throughput sequencing has extended cancer research far beyond protein coding regions that include non-coding small RNAs, such as miRNA, isomiR, tRNA, snoRNAs, snRNA, yRNA, 7SL, and 7SK. In this study, we performed small RNA profiling of 26 TNBC cell lines, and compared the abundance of non-coding RNAs among the transcriptional subtypes of triple negative breast cancer. We also examined their co-expression pattern with corresponding mRNAs. This study provides a detailed description of small RNA expression in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines that can aid in the development of future biomarker and novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Brian D Lehmann
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Zhang P, Lehmann BD, Samuels DC, Zhao S, Zhao YY, Shyr Y, Guo Y. Estimating relative mitochondrial DNA copy number using high throughput sequencing data. Genomics 2017; 109:457-462. [PMID: 28734953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesize that the relative mitochondria copy number (MTCN) can be estimated by comparing the abundance of mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA reads using high throughput sequencing data. To test this hypothesis, we examined relative MTCN across 13 breast cancer cell lines using the RT-PCR based NovaQUANT Human Mitochondrial to Nuclear DNA Ratio Kit as the gold standard. Six distinct computational approaches were used to estimate the relative MTCN in order to compare to the RT-PCR measurements. The results demonstrate that relative MTCN correlates well with the RT-PCR measurements using exome sequencing data, but not RNA-seq data. Through analysis of copy number variants (CNVs) in The Cancer Genome Atlas, we show that the two nuclear genes used in the NovaQUANT assay to represent the nuclear genome often experience CNVs in tumor cells, questioning the accuracy of this gold-standard method when it is applied to tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brian D Lehmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David C Samuels
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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The Utilization of Formalin Fixed-Paraffin-Embedded Specimens in High Throughput Genomic Studies. Int J Genomics 2017; 2017:1926304. [PMID: 28246590 PMCID: PMC5299160 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1926304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High throughput genomic assays empower us to study the entire human genome in short time with reasonable cost. Formalin fixed-paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue processing remains the most economical approach for longitudinal tissue specimen storage. Therefore, the ability to apply high throughput genomic applications to FFPE specimens can expand clinical assays and discovery. Many studies have measured the accuracy and repeatability of data generated from FFPE specimens using high throughput genomic assays. Together, these studies demonstrate feasibility and provide crucial guidance for future studies using FFPE specimens. Here, we summarize the findings of these studies and discuss the limitations of high throughput data generated from FFPE specimens across several platforms that include microarray, high throughput sequencing, and NanoString.
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Comprehensive evaluation of extracellular small RNA isolation methods from serum in high throughput sequencing. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:50. [PMID: 28061744 PMCID: PMC5219650 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA and RNA fractions from whole blood, serum and plasma are increasingly popular analytes that are currently under investigation for their utility in the diagnosis and staging of disease. Small non-coding ribonucleic acids (sRNAs), specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and their variant isoforms (isomiRs), and transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tDRs) comprise a repertoire of molecules particularly promising in this regard. Results In this designed study, we compared the performance of various methods and kits for isolating circulating extracellular sRNAs (ex-sRNAs). ex-sRNAs from one healthy individual were isolated using five different isolation kits: Qiagen Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit, ThermoFisher Scientific Ambion TRIzol LS Reagent, Qiagen miRNEasy, QiaSymphony RNA extraction kit and the Exiqon MiRCURY RNA Isolation Kit. Each isolation method was repeated four times. A total of 20 small RNA sequencing (sRNAseq) libraries were constructed, sequenced and compared using a rigorous bioinformatics approach. The Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit had the greatest miRNA isolation variability, but had the lowest isolation variability for other RNA classes (isomiRs, tDRs, and other miscellaneous sRNAs (osRNA). However, the Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit consistently generated the fewest number of reads mapped to the genome, as compared to the best-performing method, Ambion TRIzol, which mapped 10% of the miRNAs, 7.2% of the tDRs and 23.1% of the osRNAs. The other methods performed intermediary, with QiaSymphony mapping 14% of the osRNAs, and miRNEasy mapping 4.6% of the tDRs and 2.9% of the miRNAs, achieving the second best kit performance rating overall. Conclusions In summary, each isolation kit displayed different performance characteristics that could be construed as biased or advantageous, depending upon the downstream application and number of samples that require processing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3470-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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