1
|
Loh HW, Ooi CP, Oh SL, Barua PD, Tan YR, Acharya UR, Fung DSS. ADHD/CD-NET: automated EEG-based characterization of ADHD and CD using explainable deep neural network technique. Cogn Neurodyn 2024; 18:1609-1625. [PMID: 39104684 PMCID: PMC11297883 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-023-10028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder, is being studied alongside its comorbidity, conduct disorder (CD), a behavioral disorder. Because ADHD and CD share commonalities, distinguishing them is difficult, thus increasing the risk of misdiagnosis. It is crucial that these two conditions are not mistakenly identified as the same because the treatment plan varies depending on whether the patient has CD or ADHD. Hence, this study proposes an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based deep learning system known as ADHD/CD-NET that is capable of objectively distinguishing ADHD, ADHD + CD, and CD. The 12-channel EEG signals were first segmented and converted into channel-wise continuous wavelet transform (CWT) correlation matrices. The resulting matrices were then used to train the convolutional neural network (CNN) model, and the model's performance was evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) was also used to provide explanations for the prediction result made by the 'black box' CNN model. Internal private dataset (45 ADHD, 62 ADHD + CD and 16 CD) and external public dataset (61 ADHD and 60 healthy controls) were used to evaluate ADHD/CD-NET. As a result, ADHD/CD-NET achieved classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision of 93.70%, 90.83%, 95.35% and 91.85% for the internal evaluation, and 98.19%, 98.36%, 98.03% and 98.06% for the external evaluation. Grad-CAM also identified significant channels that contributed to the diagnosis outcome. Therefore, ADHD/CD-NET can perform temporal localization and choose significant EEG channels for diagnosis, thus providing objective analysis for mental health professionals and clinicians to consider when making a diagnosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-023-10028-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen Loh
- School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chui Ping Ooi
- School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Lih Oh
- Cogninet Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Prabal Datta Barua
- Cogninet Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010 Australia
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
- School of Business (Information System), University of Southern Queensland, Darling Heights, Australia
- Australian International Institute of Higher Education, Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia
- School of Science & Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Computing, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
- School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Sydney School of Education and Social work, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Yi Ren Tan
- Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - U. Rajendra Acharya
- School of Business (Information Systems), Faculty of Business, Education, Law & Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Darling Heights, Australia
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia
| | - Daniel Shuen Sheng Fung
- Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, DUKE NUS Medical School, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kommula Y, Callow DD, Purcell JJ, Smith JC. Acute Exercise Improves Large-Scale Brain Network Segregation in Healthy Older Adults. Brain Connect 2024. [PMID: 38888008 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2024.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Age-related cognitive decline and mental health problems are accompanied by changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) indices, such as reduced brain network segregation. Meanwhile, exercise can improve cognition, mood, and neural network function in older adults. Studies on effects of exercise on rsFC outcomes in older adults have chiefly focused on changes after exercise training and suggest improved network segregation through enhanced within-network connectivity. However, effects of acute exercise on rsFC measures of neural network integrity in older adults, which presumably underlie changes observed after exercise training, have received less attention. In this study, we hypothesized that acute exercise in older adults would improve functional segregation of major cognition and affect-related brain networks. Methods: To test this, we analyzed rsFC data from 37 healthy and physically active older adults after they completed 30 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity cycling and after they completed a seated rest control condition. Conditions were performed in a counterbalanced order across separate days in a within-subject crossover design. We considered large-scale brain networks associated with cognition and affect, including the frontoparietal network (FPN), salience network (SAL), default mode network (DMN), and affect-reward network (ARN). Results: We observed that after acute exercise, there was greater segregation between SAL and DMN, as well as greater segregation between SAL and ARN. Conclusion: These findings indicate that acute exercise in active older adults alters rsFC measures in key cognition and affect-related networks in a manner that opposes age-related dedifferentiation of neural networks that may be detrimental to cognition and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yash Kommula
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel D Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy J Purcell
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Russell D, Arnold LE. Complementary and Integrative Treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Youth. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2023; 32:173-192. [PMID: 37147036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
First-line psychopharmacologic and psychosocial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children are effective but limited by tolerability and accessibility problems. Many complementary and integrative strategies have been investigated as alternative or adjunctive treatments for the disorder, and the literature has progressed to meta-analyses for several. Although heterogeneity of study methods and risk of bias pervades the literature, we conclude that Omega-3 supplementation, dietary restriction of artificial food colorings, and physical activity can be considered evidence-based. Additionally, meditation, yoga, and sleep hygiene are safe, partially effective, cost effective and sensible adjunctive treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Russell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, c/o Seattle Children's Hospital, OA.5.154 PO Box 5371, Seattle, WA 98145-5005, USA.
| | - L Eugene Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 395E McCampbell Hall, 1581 Dodd Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hung Y, Dallenbach NT, Green A, Gaillard S, Capella J, Hoskova B, Vater CH, Cooper E, Rudberg N, Takahashi A, Gabrieli JDE, Joshi G. Distinct and shared white matter abnormalities when ADHD is comorbid with ASD: A preliminary diffusion tensor imaging study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 320:115039. [PMID: 36640678 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common neurodevelopmental disorder, is the most frequent comorbid condition seen in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This high comorbidity between ADHD and ASD worsens symptom manifestations and complicates disease treatment and prognosis. It remains unclear whether individuals suffering with both ADHD and ASD, compared to individuals with ADHD only, share overlapping neural correlates associated with ADHD neuropathology, or exhibit a distinct neuropathological profile. Answering this question is critical to the understanding of treatment outcomes for the challenging comorbid ADHD symptoms. To identify the shared and the differentiated neural correlates of the comorbidity mechanisms of ADHD with ASD, we use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to characterize white-matter microstructure integrity in youth diagnosed with ADHD+ASD and youth with ADHD-only (excluding both the diagnosis and symptoms of ASD) compared with a healthy control group. Results show that the ADHD-only cohort exhibits impaired microstructural integrity (lower fractional anisotropy, FA) in the callosal-cingulum (CC-CG) tracts compared to the control cohort. The ADHD+ASD comorbid cohort shows impaired FA in an overlapping region within the CC-CG tracts and, additionally, shows impaired FA in the frontolimbic tracts including the uncinate fasciculus and anterior thalamic radiation. Across all participants, FA in the CC-CG showed a significantly negative relationship with the degree of ADHD symptom severity. Findings of this study suggest a specific role of CC-CG underlying ADHD neuropathology and symptom manifestations, and when comorbid with ASD a shared ADHD profile with a shift toward an anterior-brain, frontal impact. Results of this study may facilitate future targeted therapeutics and assist in diagnostic precision for individuals suffering with differing levels of comorbid ADHD with ASD, and ultimately contribute to improve prognostication and outcomes for these two highly prevalent and comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Hung
- Athinoula A. Martinos Imaging Center at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA.
| | - Nina T Dallenbach
- Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
| | - Allison Green
- Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
| | - Schuyler Gaillard
- Athinoula A. Martinos Imaging Center at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA
| | - James Capella
- Athinoula A. Martinos Imaging Center at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Hoskova
- Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
| | - Chloe Hutt Vater
- Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
| | - Ellese Cooper
- Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
| | - Nicole Rudberg
- Health Sciences, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Imaging Center at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- Athinoula A. Martinos Imaging Center at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA
| | - Gagan Joshi
- Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arnett AB, Fearey M, Peisch V, Levin AR. Absence of dynamic neural oscillatory response to environmental conditions marks childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1615-1621. [PMID: 35620850 PMCID: PMC9691533 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research suggests that symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related neurodevelopmental disorders may derive from alterations in the brain's ability to flexibly tune the balance between information integration and segregation and global versus local processing. This balance allows the brain to optimally filter salient stimuli in the environment and can be measured with electroencephalography (EEG) via calculation of the aperiodic spectral slope. A steeper aperiodic slope increases the capacity of global neural networks to process low-salience stimuli, while a flatter aperiodic slope reflects an emphasis on local neural networks that respond preferentially to high-salience input. Although aperiodic slope differences have been reported in ADHD, prior studies have not accounted for differing levels of stimulus input in experimental paradigms. There is evidence to suggest that dynamic shifts in neural oscillation patterns in response to changing environmental conditions could be critical for attention regulation. METHODS Using high-density resting EEG, we measured aperiodic spectral slope during low contrast (lights off) and high contrast (lights on) environmental conditions in a sample of 88 7-11-year-old children diagnosed with ADHD and 29 controls (30% female). RESULTS While controls showed a flatter aperiodic slope during the high contrast (lights on) as compared to low contrast (lights off) environmental condition, children with ADHD did not show any change in aperiodic slope across conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a novel etiological model of biological mechanisms associated with ADHD. Children with ADHD show suboptimal modulation of intrinsic neural activity in response to changing environmental input. The dynamic spectral slope is a promising candidate biomarker for ADHD. The possibility that dynamic spectral slope is associated with cognitive-behavioral regulation more broadly merits further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Arnett
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret Fearey
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Virginia Peisch
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - April R Levin
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marcos-Vidal L, Martínez-García M, Martín de Blas D, Navas-Sánchez FJ, Pretus C, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Richarte V, Vilarroya Ó, Sepulcre J, Desco M, Carmona S. Local Functional Connectivity as a Parsimonious Explanation of the Main Frameworks for ADHD in Medication-Naïve Adults. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1788-1801. [PMID: 35684934 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Neuroimaging studies in children with ADHD indicate that their brain exhibits an atypical functional connectivity pattern characterized by increased local connectivity and decreased distant connectivity. We aim to evaluate if the local and distant distribution of functional connectivity is also altered in adult samples with ADHD who have never received medication before. Methods: We compared local and distant functional connectivity between 31 medication-naïve adults with ADHD and 31 healthy controls and tested whether this pattern was associated with symptoms severity scores. Results: ADHD sample showed increased local connectivity in the dACC and the SFG and decreased local connectivity in the PCC. Conclusion: Results parallel those obtained in children samples suggesting a deficient integration within the DMN and segregation between DMN, FPN, and VAN. These results are consistent with the three main frameworks that explain ADHD: the neurodevelopmental delay hypothesis, the DMN interference hypothesis, and multi-network models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Marcos-Vidal
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Martínez-García
- Instituto de Investigación Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Clara Pretus
- Unitat de Reserca en Neurociencia Cognitiva, Departament de Psiquiatría i Neurociencia Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Psychiatry Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Psychiatry Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar Vilarroya
- Unitat de Reserca en Neurociencia Cognitiva, Departament de Psiquiatría i Neurociencia Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manuel Desco
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanna Carmona
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kaiser A, Broeder C, Cohen JR, Douw L, Reneman L, Schrantee A. Effects of a single-dose methylphenidate challenge on resting-state functional connectivity in stimulant-treatment naive children and adults with ADHD. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4664-4675. [PMID: 35781371 PMCID: PMC9491277 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies suggest that methylphenidate, the primary pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), alters functional brain connectivity. As the neurotransmitter systems targeted by methylphenidate undergo significant alterations throughout development, the effects of methylphenidate on functional connectivity may also be modulated by age. Therefore, we assessed the effects of a single methylphenidate challenge on brain network connectivity in stimulant-treatment naïve children and adults with ADHD. We obtained resting-state functional MRI from 50 boys (10-12 years of age) and 49 men (23-40 years of age) with ADHD (DSM IV, all subtypes), before and after an oral challenge with 0.5 mg/kg methylphenidate; and from 11 boys and 12 men as typically developing controls. Connectivity strength (CS), eigenvector centrality (EC), and betweenness centrality (BC) were calculated for the striatum, thalamus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). In line with our hypotheses, we found that methylphenidate decreased measures of connectivity and centrality in the striatum and thalamus in children with ADHD, but increased the same metrics in adults with ADHD. Surprisingly, we found no major effects of methylphenidate in the dACC and PFC in either children or adults. Interestingly, pre-methylphenidate, participants with ADHD showed aberrant connectivity and centrality compared to controls predominantly in frontal regions. Our findings demonstrate that methylphenidate's effects on connectivity of subcortical regions are age-dependent in stimulant-treatment naïve participants with ADHD, likely due to ongoing maturation of dopamine and noradrenaline systems. These findings highlight the importance for future studies to take a developmental perspective when studying the effects of methylphenidate treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kaiser
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Caroline Broeder
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jessica R. Cohen
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Linda Douw
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marcos-Vidal L, Martínez-García M, Martín-de Blas D, Navas-Sánchez FJ, Pretus C, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Richarte V, Vilarroya Ó, Sepulcre J, Desco M, Carmona S. Local Functional Connectivity as a Parsimonious Explanation of the Main Frameworks for ADHD in Medication-Naïve Adults. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1563-1575. [PMID: 35947490 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211031998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroimaging studies in children with ADHD indicate that their brain exhibits an atypical functional connectivity pattern characterized by increased local connectivity and decreased distant connectivity. We aim to evaluate if the local and distant distribution of functional connectivity is also altered in adult samples with ADHD who have never received medication before. METHODS We compared local and distant functional connectivity between 31 medication-naïve adults with ADHD and 31 healthy controls and tested whether this pattern was associated with symptoms severity scores. RESULTS ADHD sample showed increased local connectivity in the dACC and the SFG and decreased local connectivity in the PCC. CONCLUSION Results parallel those obtained in children samples suggesting a deficient integration within the DMN and segregation between DMN, FPN, and VAN. These results are consistent with the three main frameworks that explain ADHD: the neurodevelopmental delay hypothesis, the DMN interference hypothesis and multi-network models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Marcos-Vidal
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Martínez-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Clara Pretus
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar Vilarroya
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
| | - Manuel Desco
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanna Carmona
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang R, Fan Y, Wu Y, Zang YF, Zhou C. Lifespan associations of resting-state brain functional networks with ADHD symptoms. iScience 2022; 25:104673. [PMID: 35832890 PMCID: PMC9272385 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly being diagnosed in both children and adults, but the neural mechanisms that underlie its distinct symptoms and whether children and adults share the same mechanism remain poorly understood. Here, we used a nested-spectral partition approach to study resting-state brain networks of ADHD patients (n = 97) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 97) across the lifespan (7–50 years). Compared to the linear lifespan associations of brain segregation and integration with age in HCs, ADHD patients have a quadratic association in the whole-brain and in most functional systems, whereas the limbic system dominantly affected by ADHD has a linear association. Furthermore, the limbic system better predicts hyperactivity, and the salient attention system better predicts inattention. These predictions are shared in children and adults with ADHD. Our findings reveal a lifespan association of brain networks with ADHD and provide potential shared neural bases of distinct ADHD symptoms in children and adults. ADHD patients have a quadratic association with age in brain functional networks Limbic system better predicts hyperactivity across the lifespan Salient attention system better predicts the inattention across the lifespan The predictions on symptom scores are shared in ADHD children and adults
Collapse
|
10
|
Loh HW, Ooi CP, Barua PD, Palmer EE, Molinari F, Acharya UR. Automated detection of ADHD: Current trends and future perspective. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
11
|
Cavicchioli M, Ogliari A, Movalli M, Maffei C. Persistent Deficits in Self-Regulation as a Mediator between Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Substance Use Disorders. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1837-1853. [PMID: 36096483 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2120358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) has been largely demonstrated. Some scholars have hypothesized that self-regulation mechanisms might play a key role in explaining this association. Objective(s): The current study tested the hypothesis that retrospective childhood ADHD symptoms might lead to more severe SUDs and this association should be mediated by current self-ratings of behavioral disinhibition, inattention, and emotional dysregulation among 204 treatment-seeking adults (male: 67.3%; female: 32.7%) with a primary diagnosis of alcohol use disorder and other SUDs. Methods: The mediational model was estimated through self-report measures of childhood ADHD symptoms (independent variable; WURS), current self-regulation mechanisms (mediators)-behavioral disinhibition (BIS-11 motor subscale), difficulties with attention regulation (MAAS) and emotion regulation (DERS)-and severity of SUDs (dependent variable; SPQ alcohol, illicit and prescribed drugs). Results: The analysis showed that alterations in the self-regulation system fully mediated the association between the severity of childhood ADHD symptoms and SUDs in adulthood. Behavioral disinhibition and difficulties in attention regulation were the most representative alterations in self-regulation processes that explained this association. Conclusions: These findings suggest it is useful to implement several therapeutic approaches (e.g. behavioral, mindfulness-based, and pharmacological) to increase the self-regulation abilities of children and adolescents with ADHD in order to reduce the probability of SUD onset in adulthood. However, future longitudinal neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies are needed to further support the role of self-regulation mechanisms in explaining the prospective association between childhood ADHD symptoms and SUDs in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavicchioli
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ogliari
- Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Child in Mind Lab, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Movalli
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Maffei
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Viering T, Hoekstra PJ, Philipsen A, Naaijen J, Dietrich A, Hartman CA, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Hildebrandt A, Thiel CM, Gießing C. Emotion dysregulation and integration of emotion-related brain networks affect intraindividual change in ADHD severity throughout late adolescence. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118729. [PMID: 34813971 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The course of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from adolescence into adulthood shows large variations between individuals; nonetheless determinants of interindividual differences in the course are not well understood. A frequent problem in ADHD, associated with worse outcomes, is emotion dysregulation. We investigated whether emotion dysregulation and integration of emotion-related functional brain networks affect interindividual differences in ADHD severity change. ADHD severity and resting state neuroimaging data were measured in ADHD and unaffected individuals at two points during adolescence and young adulthood. Bivariate latent change score models were applied to investigate whether emotion dysregulation and network integration affect ADHD severity changes. Emotion dysregulation was gauged from questionnaire subscales for conduct problems, emotional problems and emotional lability. Better emotion regulation was associated with a better course of ADHD (104 participants, 44 females, age range: 12-27). Using graph analysis, we determined network integration of emotion-related functional brain networks. Network integration was measured by nodal efficiency, i.e., the average inverse path distance from one node to all other nodes. A pattern of low nodal efficiency of cortical regions associated with emotion processing and high nodal efficiency in subcortical areas and cortical areas involved in implicit emotion regulation predicted a better ADHD course. Larger nodal efficiency of the right orbitofrontal cortex was related to a better course of ADHD (99 participants, 42 females, age range: 10-29). We demonstrated that neural and behavioral covariates associated with emotion regulation affect the course of ADHD severity throughout adolescence and early adulthood beyond baseline effects of ADHD severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammo Viering
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, Oldenburg 26111, Germany; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Hildebrandt
- Psychological Methods and Statistics, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christiane M Thiel
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, Oldenburg 26111, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Gießing
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reineberg AE, Hatoum AS, Hewitt JK, Banich MT, Friedman NP. Genetic and Environmental Influence on the Human Functional Connectome. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:2099-2113. [PMID: 31711120 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed mapping of genetic and environmental influences on the functional connectome is a crucial step toward developing intermediate phenotypes between genes and clinical diagnoses or cognitive abilities. We analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from two adult twin samples (Nos = 446 and 371) to quantify genetic and environmental influence on all pairwise functional connections between 264 brain regions (~35 000 functional connections). Nonshared environmental influence was high across the whole connectome. Approximately 14-22% of connections had nominally significant genetic influence in each sample, 4.6% were significant in both samples, and 1-2% had heritability estimates greater than 30%. Evidence of shared environmental influence was weak. Genetic influences on connections were distinct from genetic influences on a global summary measure of the connectome, network-based estimates of connectivity, and movement during the resting-state scan, as revealed by a novel connectome-wide bivariate genetic modeling procedure. The brain's genetic organization is diverse and not as one would expect based solely on structure evident in nongenetically informative data or lower resolution data. As follow-up, we make novel classifications of functional connections and examine highly localized connections with particularly strong genetic influence. This high-resolution genetic taxonomy of brain connectivity will be useful in understanding genetic influences on brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Reineberg
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - John K Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Marie T Banich
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Naomi P Friedman
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ahmadi M, Kazemi K, Kuc K, Cybulska-Klosowicz A, Helfroush MS, Aarabi A. Resting state dynamic functional connectivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34289458 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac16b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. In this study, we investigated group differences in dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) between 113 children with inattentive (46 ADHDI) and combined (67 ADHDC) ADHD and 76 typically developing (TD) children using resting-state functional MRI data. For dynamic connectivity analysis, the data were first decomposed into 100 independent components, among which 88 were classified into eight well-known resting-state networks (RSNs). Three discrete FC states were then identified using k-means clustering and used to estimate transition probabilities between states in both patient and control groups using a hidden Markov model. Our results showed state-dependent alterations in intra and inter-network connectivity in both ADHD subtypes in comparison with TD. Spending less time than healthy controls in state 1, both ADHDIand ADHDCwere characterized with weaker intra-hemispheric connectivity with functional asymmetries. In this state, ADHDIfurther showed weaker inter-hemispheric connectivity. The patients spent more time in state 2, exhibiting characteristic abnormalities in corticosubcortical and corticocerebellar connectivity. In state 3, a less frequently state observed across the ADHD and TD children, ADHDCwas differentiated from ADHDIby significant alterations in FC between bilateral temporal regions and other brain areas in comparison with TD. Across all three states, several strategic brain regions, mostly bilateral, exhibited significant alterations in both static functional connectivity (sFC) and dFC in the ADHD groups compared to TD, including inferior, middle and superior temporal gyri, middle frontal gyri, insula, anterior cingulum cortex, precuneus, calcarine, fusiform, superior motor area, and cerebellum. Our results show distributed abnormalities in sFC and dFC between different large-scale RSNs including cortical and subcortical regions in both ADHD subtypes compared to TD. Our findings show that the dynamic changes in brain FC can better explain the underlying pathophysiology of ADHD such as deficits in visual cognition, attention, memory and emotion processing, and cognitive and motor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Ahmadi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Kazemi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Katarzyna Kuc
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Cybulska-Klosowicz
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ardalan Aarabi
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience and Pathologies (LNFP EA4559), University Research Center (CURS), University Hospital, Amiens, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Han DH, Bae S, Hong J, Kim SM, Son YD, Renshaw P. Resting-State fMRI Study of ADHD and Internet Gaming Disorder. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1080-1095. [PMID: 31640464 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719883022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to understand whether Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) share similar brain functional connectivity (FC) between the frontal and subcortices. Method: We compared changes in clinical symptoms and brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 26 patients with ADHD but without IGD, 29 patients with ADHD and IGD, and 20 patients with IGD but without ADHD. Results: The functional connectivity (FC) from the cortex to subcortex in both groups was decreased relative to that in age-matched healthy participants. One-year treatment for ADHD and IGD symptoms increased the FC between the cortex and subcortex in all ADHD participants and all IGD participants with good prognoses compared with those in all ADHD participants and all IGD participants with poor prognoses. Conclusion: Patients with ADHD and IGD shared similar brain FC at baseline and FC changes in response to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujin Bae
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisun Hong
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kucyi A, Esterman M, Capella J, Green A, Uchida M, Biederman J, Gabrieli JDE, Valera EM, Whitfield-Gabrieli S. Prediction of stimulus-independent and task-unrelated thought from functional brain networks. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1793. [PMID: 33741956 PMCID: PMC7979817 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural substrates of "mind wandering" have been widely reported, yet experiments have varied in their contexts and their definitions of this psychological phenomenon, limiting generalizability. We aimed to develop and test the generalizability, specificity, and clinical relevance of a functional brain network-based marker for a well-defined feature of mind wandering-stimulus-independent, task-unrelated thought (SITUT). Combining functional MRI (fMRI) with online experience sampling in healthy adults, we defined a connectome-wide model of inter-regional coupling-dominated by default-frontoparietal control subnetwork interactions-that predicted trial-by-trial SITUT fluctuations within novel individuals. Model predictions generalized in an independent sample of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In three additional resting-state fMRI studies (total n = 1115), including healthy individuals and individuals with ADHD, we demonstrated further prediction of SITUT (at modest effect sizes) defined using multiple trait-level and in-scanner measures. Our findings suggest that SITUT is represented within a common pattern of brain network interactions across time scales and contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kucyi
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael Esterman
- National Center for PTSD & Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center (NeRVe), Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Capella
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Allison Green
- Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mai Uchida
- Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Biederman
- Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Imaging Center at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eve M Valera
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Examination of developmental pathways from preschool temperament to early adolescent ADHD symptoms through initial responsiveness to reward. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:841-853. [PMID: 33722319 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420002199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To identify sources of phenotypic heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) accounting for diversity in developmental/ pathogenic pathways, we examined, in a large sample of youth (N = 354), (a) associations between observed temperamental emotionality at age 3, an electrocortical index (i.e., reward positivity [RewP]) of initial responsiveness to reward at age 9, and ADHD symptoms at age 12, and (b) whether the association between emotionality and ADHD symptoms is mediated by initial responsiveness to reward. Bivariate analyses indicated greater positive emotionality (PE) was associated with enhanced RewP, lower age-9ADHD and lower age-12 inattention (IA). Negative emotionality (NE) was not associated with RewP or ADHD. Mediation analyses revealed the association between PE and hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) was mediated by RewP; enhanced RewP was associated with greater H/I. Greater PE was associated with enhanced RewP at a trend level. These effects held accounting for age-9 ADHD, age-12 IA and age-12 oppositional defiant and conduct disorder symptoms. As such, preschool emotionality is associated with adolescent ADHD-H/I symptoms through late childhood initial responsiveness to reward. These relations indicate that individual differences in emotionality and reward responsiveness may be informative for personalizing ADHD interventions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nylander E, Floros O, Sparding T, Rydén E, Hansen S, Landén M. Five-year outcomes of ADHD diagnosed in adulthood. Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:13-24. [PMID: 33216369 PMCID: PMC7839718 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a dearth of long-term follow-up studies of adults diagnosed with ADHD. Here, the aim was to evaluate long-term outcomes in a group of ADHD patients diagnosed in adulthood and receiving routine psychiatric health care. Adults diagnosed with any type of ADHD (n = 52) and healthy controls (n = 73) were assessed at baseline and at a 5-year follow-up, using Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Brown ADD Scale (BADDS) and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). A multivariate regression method was used to identify factors predicting 5-year outcomes, including baseline ratings, medication intensity, comorbidity, intelligence quotient (IQ), age, and sex. After 5 years, ADHD patients reported fewer and/or less severe symptoms compared to baseline, but remained at clinically significant symptom levels and with functional deficits. Baseline self-reports of ADHD symptoms predicted their own 5-year outcome and low baseline functioning level predicted improved global functioning at follow-up. Factors previously reported to predict short-term outcomes (i.e., medication, comorbidity, IQ, age, and sex) did not anticipate long-term outcomes in present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Nylander
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Orestis Floros
- ADHD UnitSankt Görans HospitalStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Timea Sparding
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Eleonore Rydén
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Stefan Hansen
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostaticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shaw P, Sudre G. Adolescent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Understanding Teenage Symptom Trajectories. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:152-161. [PMID: 32753233 PMCID: PMC7736482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) run a variable course through adolescence. While most affected individuals show some improvement, particularly of hyperactivity-impulsivity, symptoms of inattention are more persistent, and some individuals may meet diagnostic criteria for the first time during adolescence. Genetic factors affect adolescent symptom trajectories; those showing persistence likely carry a greater burden of common risk alleles. Rare structural genomic variants, such as copy number variants and point mutations, might also play a role. Although psychostimulant medication is associated with better functional outcomes, an impact on underlying adolescent symptom trajectories has been hard to demonstrate. At a neural level, several studies report that adolescents whose childhood ADHD symptoms have remitted are indistinguishable from neurotypical individuals. This finding could reflect the "carrying forward" of relatively typical childhood neural features among those destined for adolescent remission or the correction of early childhood anomalies with a convergence toward typical dimensions. Other studies have noted unique, possibly compensatory patterns of neural activity among adolescents whose ADHD has improved. Finally, different neural processes might occur in different brain regions. Thus, some functional imaging studies find that subcortical anomalies reflect the onset of ADHD and remain throughout life regardless of symptom change, whereas the variable clinical course of adolescent ADHD is determined by plasticity of the cerebral cortex. Integrating an understanding of the neural processes with genomic risk could elucidate the mechanisms underlying the complex course of adolescent ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Shaw
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Gustavo Sudre
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mamiya PC, Arnett AB, Stein MA. Precision Medicine Care in ADHD: The Case for Neural Excitation and Inhibition. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010091. [PMID: 33450814 PMCID: PMC7828220 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has become increasingly prevalent worldwide. Its core symptoms, including difficulties regulating attention, activity level, and impulses, appear in early childhood and can persist throughout the lifespan. Current pharmacological options targeting catecholamine neurotransmissions have effectively alleviated symptoms in some, but not all affected individuals, leaving clinicians to implement trial-and-error approach to treatment. In this review, we discuss recent experimental evidence from both preclinical and human studies that suggest imbalance of excitation/inhibition (E/I) in the fronto-striatal circuitry during early development may lead to enduring neuroanatomical abnormality of the circuitry, causing persistence of ADHD symptoms in adulthood. We propose a model of precision medicine care that includes E/I balance as a candidate biomarker for ADHD, development of GABA-modulating medications, and use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and scalp electrophysiology methods to monitor the effects of treatments on shifting E/I balance throughout the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping C. Mamiya
- Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne B. Arnett
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (A.B.A.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Mark A. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (A.B.A.); (M.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bauer CCC, Rozenkrantz L, Caballero C, Nieto‐Castanon A, Scherer E, West MR, Mrazek M, Phillips DT, Gabrieli JDE, Whitfield‐Gabrieli S. Mindfulness training preserves sustained attention and resting state anticorrelation between default-mode network and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: A randomized controlled trial. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:5356-5369. [PMID: 32969562 PMCID: PMC7670646 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness training can enhance cognitive control, but the neural mechanisms underlying such enhancement in children are unknown. Here, we conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with sixth graders (mean age 11.76 years) to examine the impact of 8 weeks of school-based mindfulness training, relative to coding training as an active control, on sustained attention and associated resting-state functional brain connectivity. At baseline, better performance on a sustained-attention task correlated with greater anticorrelation between the default mode network (DMN) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a key node of the central executive network. Following the interventions, children in the mindfulness group preserved their sustained-attention performance (i.e., fewer lapses of attention) and preserved DMN-DLPFC anticorrelation compared to children in the active control group, who exhibited declines in both sustained attention and DMN-DLPFC anticorrelation. Further, change in sustained-attention performance correlated with change in DMN-DLPFC anticorrelation only within the mindfulness group. These findings provide the first causal link between mindfulness training and both sustained attention and associated neural plasticity. Administered as a part of sixth graders' school schedule, this RCT supports the beneficial effects of school-based mindfulness training on cognitive control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens C. C. Bauer
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Liron Rozenkrantz
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Camila Caballero
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Alfonso Nieto‐Castanon
- Department of PsychologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ethan Scherer
- Harvard Graduate School of EducationCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Martin R. West
- Harvard Graduate School of EducationCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Michael Mrazek
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dawa T. Phillips
- Empowerment HoldingsSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
- International Mindfulness Teachers AssociationWakefieldMassachusettsUSA
| | - John D. E. Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Graduate School of EducationCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- MIT Integrated Learning InitiativeCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Susan Whitfield‐Gabrieli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Albaugh MD, Ivanova M, Chaarani B, Orr C, Allgaier N, Althoff RR, D' Alberto N, Hudson K, Mackey S, Spechler PA, Banaschewski T, Brühl R, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Cattrell A, Conrod PJ, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Gallinat J, Goodman R, Gowland P, Grimmer Y, Heinz A, Kappel V, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Penttilä J, Poustka L, Paus T, Smolka MN, Struve M, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Garavan H, Potter AS. Ventromedial Prefrontal Volume in Adolescence Predicts Hyperactive/Inattentive Symptoms in Adulthood. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:1866-1874. [PMID: 29912404 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology often exhibit residual inattention and/or hyperactivity in adulthood; however, this is not true for all individuals. We recently reported that dimensional, multi-informant ratings of hyperactive/inattentive symptoms are associated with ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) structure. Herein, we investigate the degree to which vmPFC structure during adolescence predicts hyperactive/inattentive symptomatology at 5-year follow-up. Structural equation modeling was used to test the extent to which adolescent vmPFC volume predicts hyperactive/inattentive symptomatology 5 years later in early adulthood. 1104 participants (M = 14.52 years, standard deviation = 0.42; 583 females) possessed hyperactive/inattentive symptom data at 5-year follow-up, as well as quality controlled neuroimaging data and complete psychometric data at baseline. Self-reports of hyperactive/inattentive symptomatology were obtained during adolescence and at 5-year follow-up using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). At baseline and 5-year follow-up, a hyperactive/inattentive latent variable was derived from items on the SDQ. Baseline vmPFC volume predicted adult hyperactive/inattentive symptomatology (standardized coefficient = -0.274, P < 0.001) while controlling for baseline hyperactive/inattentive symptomatology. These results are the first to reveal relations between adolescent brain structure and adult hyperactive/inattentive symptomatology, and suggest that early structural development of the vmPFC may be consequential for the subsequent expression of hyperactive/inattentive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Albaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Masha Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Catherine Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Nicholas Allgaier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Robert R Althoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Nicholas D' Alberto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kelsey Hudson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Philip A Spechler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt [PTB], Abbestr. 2-12, Berlin-Charlottenburg, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neurosciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Anna Cattrell
- Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris, France
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Goodman
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yvonne Grimmer
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viola Kappel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité.,Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit NeuroImaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, University Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay, France.,University Paris Descartes, Paris, France AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison De Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Jani Penttilä
- University of Tampere, Medical School, Tampere, Finland
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maren Struve
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Alexandra S Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu Z, Luo Y, Gao Y, Han Y, Wu K, Li X. The Role of Frontal and Occipital Cortices in Processing Sustained Visual Attention in Young Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:659-663. [PMID: 32279194 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Yuyang Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 10004, USA
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, XuanWu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, XuanWu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510003, China.
- Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Wendelken C, Nieto-Castañón A, Bailey SK, Anteraper SA, Lee YJ, Chai XQ, Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Biederman J, Cutting LE, Bunge SA. Association of Intrinsic Brain Architecture With Changes in Attentional and Mood Symptoms During Development. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:378-386. [PMID: 31876910 PMCID: PMC6990753 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Importance Understanding the neurodevelopmental trajectory of psychiatric symptoms is important for improving early identification, intervention, and prevention of mental disorders. Objective To test whether the strength of the coupling of activation between specific brain regions, as measured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), predicted individual children's developmental trajectories in terms of attentional problems characteristic of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and internalizing problems characteristics of major depressive disorder (MDD). Design, Setting, and Participants A community cohort of 94 children was recruited from Vanderbilt University between 2010 and 2013. They were followed up longitudinally for 4 years and the data were analyzed from 2016 to 2019. Based on preregistered hypotheses and an analytic plan, we examined whether specific brain connectivity patterns would be associated with longitudinal changes in scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), a parental-report assessment used to screen for emotional, behavioral, and social problems and to predict psychiatric illnesses. Main Outcomes and Measures We used the strength of resting-state fMRI connectivity at age 7 years to predict subsequent changes in CBCL measures 4 years later and investigated the mechanisms of change by associating brain connectivity changes with changes in the CBCL. Results We analyzed data from a longitudinal brain development study involving children assessed at age 7 years (n = 94; 41 girls [43.6%]) and 11 years (n = 54; 32 girls [59.3%]). As predicted, less positive coupling at age 7 years between the medial prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was associated with a decrease in attentional symptoms by age 11 years (t49 = 2.38; P = .01; β = 0.32). By contrast, a less positive coupling between a region implicated in mood, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), and DLPFC at age 7 years was associated with an increase in internalizing (eg, anxiety/depression) behaviors by age 11 years (t49 = -2.4; P = .01; β = -0.30). Logistic regression analyses revealed that sgACC-DLPFC connectivity was a more accurate predictor than baseline CBCL measures for progression to a subclinical score on internalization (t50 = -2.61; P = .01; β = -0.29). We then replicated and extended the sgACC-DLPFC result in an independent sample of children with (n = 25) or without (n = 18) familial risk for MDD. Conclusions and Relevance These resting-state fMRI metrics are promising biomarkers for the early identification of children at risk of developing MDD or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
| | - Carter Wendelken
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley
- Vicarious FPC Inc, Union City, California
| | - Alfonso Nieto-Castañón
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen Kent Bailey
- Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sheeba Arnold Anteraper
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
| | - Yoon Ji Lee
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiao-qian Chai
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Joseph Biederman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurie E. Cutting
- Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Silvia A. Bunge
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Luo Y, Halperin JM, Li X. Anatomical substrates of symptom remission and persistence in young adults with childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 33:117-125. [PMID: 32081497 PMCID: PMC7156333 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that emerges in childhood and persists into adulthood in a sizeable portion of afflicted individuals. The persistence of ADHD symptoms elevates the risk of adverse outcomes that result in substantial individual and societal burden. The objective of this study was to delineate neuroanatomical substrates associated with the diversity of adult outcomes of childhood ADHD, which may have considerable value for development of novel interventions that target mechanisms associated with recovery. Structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging data from 32 young adults who were diagnosed with ADHD combined-type during childhood and 35 group-matched controls were analyzed. Adults with childhood ADHD were divided into 16 remitters and 16 persisters based on DSM-IV criteria. Compared to the controls, ADHD probands showed significantly reduced gray matter (GM) volume in right putamen and white matter (WM) volume in left parieto-insular fiber tracts. Within the ADHD probands, the remitters, as compared to persisters, showed significantly greater volume of right hippocampo-frontal and right parieto-insular WM fiber tracts, and those connecting caudate with the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, and insular cortices. Among ADHD probands, increased fractional anisotropy value of left caudate-parietal tract was significantly correlated with reduced hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. These findings suggest that optimal structural development in the WM tracts that connect caudate with cortical areas, especially in the caudate-parietal path, may play an important role in symptom remission in young adults with childhood ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Halperin
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Multimodal neuroimaging-based prediction of adult outcomes in childhood-onset ADHD using ensemble learning techniques. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 26:102238. [PMID: 32182578 PMCID: PMC7076568 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, which is diagnosed using subjective symptom reports. Machine learning classifiers have been utilized to assist in the development of neuroimaging-based biomarkers for objective diagnosis of ADHD. However, existing basic model-based studies in ADHD report suboptimal classification performances and inconclusive results, mainly due to the limited flexibility for each type of basic classifier to appropriately handle multi-dimensional source features with varying properties. This study applied ensemble learning techniques (ELTs), a meta-algorithm that combine several basic machine learning models into one predictive model in order to decrease variance, bias, or improve predictions, in multimodal neuroimaging data collected from 72 young adults, including 36 probands (18 remitters and 18 persisters of childhood ADHD) and 36 group-matched controls. All currently available optimization strategies for ELTs (i.e., voting, bagging, boosting and stacking techniques) were tested in a pool of semifinal classification results generated by seven basic classifiers. The high-dimensional neuroimaging features for classification included regional cortical gray matter (GM) thickness and surface area, GM volume of subcortical structures, volume and fractional anisotropy of major white matter fiber tracts, pair-wise regional connectivity and global/nodal topological properties of the functional brain network for cue-evoked attention process. As a result, the bagging-based ELT with the base model of support vector machine achieved the best results, with significant improvement of the area under the receiver of operating characteristic curve (0.89 for ADHD vs. controls and 0.9 for ADHD persisters vs. remitters). Features of nodal efficiency in right inferior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal (MFG)-inferior parietal (IPL) functional connectivity, and right amygdala volume significantly contributed to accurate discrimination between ADHD probands and controls; higher nodal efficiency of right MFG greatly contributed to inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptom remission, while higher right MFG-IPL functional connectivity strongly linked to symptom persistence in adults with childhood ADHD. Considering their improved robustness than the commonly implemented basic classifiers, findings suggest that ELTs may have the potential to identify more reliable neurobiological markers for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
|
27
|
Boon HJ. What do ADHD Neuroimaging Studies Reveal for Teachers, Teacher Educators and Inclusive Education? CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-019-09542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
Pedersini CA, Guàrdia-Olmos J, Montalà-Flaquer M, Cardobi N, Sanchez-Lopez J, Parisi G, Savazzi S, Marzi CA. Functional interactions in patients with hemianopia: A graph theory-based connectivity study of resting fMRI signal. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226816. [PMID: 31905211 PMCID: PMC6944357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of task-independent functional connectivity (FC) after a lesion causing hemianopia remains an uncovered topic and represents a crucial point to better understand the neural basis of blindsight (i.e. unconscious visually triggered behavior) and visual awareness. In this light, we evaluated functional connectivity (FC) in 10 hemianopic patients and 10 healthy controls in a resting state paradigm. The main aim of this study is twofold: first of all we focused on the description and assessment of density and intensity of functional connectivity and network topology with and without a lesion affecting the visual pathway, and then we extracted and statistically compared network metrics, focusing on functional segregation, integration and specialization. Moreover, a study of 3-cycle triangles with prominent connectivity was conducted to analyze functional segregation calculated as the area of each triangle created connecting three neighboring nodes. To achieve these purposes we applied a graph theory-based approach, starting from Pearson correlation coefficients extracted from pairs of regions of interest. In these analyses we focused on the FC extracted by the whole brain as well as by four resting state networks: The Visual (VN), Salience (SN), Attention (AN) and Default Mode Network (DMN), to assess brain functional reorganization following the injury. The results showed a general decrease in density and intensity of functional connections, that leads to a less compact structure characterized by decrease in functional integration, segregation and in the number of interconnected hubs in both the Visual Network and the whole brain, despite an increase in long-range inter-modules connections (occipito-frontal connections). Indeed, the VN was the most affected network, characterized by a decrease in intra- and inter-network connections and by a less compact topology, with less interconnected nodes. Surprisingly, we observed a higher functional integration in the DMN and in the AN regardless of the lesion extent, that may indicate a functional reorganization of the brain following the injury, trying to compensate for the general reduced connectivity. Finally we observed an increase in functional specialization (lower between-network connectivity) and in inter-networks functional segregation, which is reflected in a less compact network topology, highly organized in functional clusters. These descriptive findings provide new insight on the spontaneous brain activity in hemianopic patients by showing an alteration in the intrinsic architecture of a large-scale brain system that goes beyond the impairment of a single RSN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina A. Pedersini
- Physiology and Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, School of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Montalà-Flaquer
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, School of Psychology, Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolò Cardobi
- Physiology and Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Javier Sanchez-Lopez
- Physiology and Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Parisi
- Physiology and Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Savazzi
- Physiology and Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Perception and Awareness (PandA) Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo A. Marzi
- Physiology and Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kaboodvand N, Iravani B, Fransson P. Dynamic synergetic configurations of resting-state networks in ADHD. Neuroimage 2019; 207:116347. [PMID: 31715256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by high distractibility and impaired executive functions. Notably, there is mounting evidence suggesting that ADHD could be regarded as a default mode network (DMN) disorder. In particular, failure in regulating the dynamics of activity and interactions of the DMN and cognitive control networks have been hypothesized as the main source of task interference causing attentional problems. On the other hand, previous studies indicated pronounced fluctuations in the strength of functional connections over time, particularly for the inter-network connections between the DMN and fronto-parietal control networks. Hence, characterization of connectivity disturbances in ADHD requires a thorough assessment of time-varying functional connectivity (FC). In this study, we proposed a dynamical systems perspective to assess how the DMN over time recruits different configurations of network segregation and integration. Specifically, we were interested in configurations for which both intra- and inter-network connections are retained, as opposed to commonly used methods which assess network segregation as a single measure. From resting-state fMRI data, we extracted three different stable configurations of FC patterns for the DMN, namely synergies. We provided evidence supporting our hypothesis that ADHD differs compared to controls, both in terms of recruitment rate and topology of specific synergies between resting-state networks. In addition, we found a relationship between synergetic cooperation patterns of the DMN with cognitive control networks and a behavioral measure which is sensitive to ADHD-related symptoms, namely the Stroop color-word task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Kaboodvand
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Behzad Iravani
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Fransson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gerrits B, Vollebregt MA, Olbrich S, van Dijk H, Palmer D, Gordon E, Pascual-Marqui R, Kessels RPC, Arns M. Probing the "Default Network Interference Hypothesis" With EEG: An RDoC Approach Focused on Attention. Clin EEG Neurosci 2019; 50:404-412. [PMID: 31322000 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419864461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that specific networks (default mode network [DMN] and task positive network [TPN]) activate in an anticorrelated manner when sustaining attention. Related EEG studies are scarce and often lack behavioral validation. We performed independent component analysis (ICA) across different frequencies (source-level), using eLORETA-ICA, to extract brain-network activity during resting-state and sustained attention. We applied ICA to the voxel domain, similar to functional magnetic resonance imaging methods of analyses. The obtained components were contrasted and correlated to attentional performance (omission errors) in a large sample of healthy subjects (N = 1397). We identified one component that robustly correlated with inattention and reflected an anticorrelation of delta activity in the anterior cingulate and precuneus, and delta and theta activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and with alpha and gamma activity in medial frontal regions. We then compared this component between optimal and suboptimal attentional performers. For the latter group, we observed a greater change in component loading between resting-state and sustained attention than for the optimal performers. Following the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach, we prospectively replicated and validated these findings in subjects with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Our results provide further support for the "default mode interference hypothesis."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berrie Gerrits
- 1 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,2 Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Madelon A Vollebregt
- 2 Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,3 Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Olbrich
- 2 Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,4 Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Donna Palmer
- 5 Brain Resource Inc, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Roberto Pascual-Marqui
- 7 The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland.,8 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- 1 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,9 Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Arns
- 2 Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,10 Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,11 neuroCare Group, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kaye S, Ramos-Quiroga JA, van de Glind G, Levin FR, Faraone SV, Allsop S, Degenhardt L, Moggi F, Barta C, Konstenius M, Franck J, Skutle A, Bu ET, Koeter MWJ, Demetrovics Z, Kapitány-Fövény M, Schoevers RA, van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen K, Carpentier PJ, Dom G, Verspreet S, Crunelle CL, Young JT, Carruthers S, Cassar J, Fatséas M, Auriacombe M, Johnson B, Dunn M, Slobodin O, van den Brink W. Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers. J Atten Disord 2019; 23:1438-1453. [PMID: 26922805 PMCID: PMC5002258 DOI: 10.1177/1087054716629217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine ADHD symptom persistence and subtype stability among substance use disorder (SUD) treatment seekers. Method: In all, 1,276 adult SUD treatment seekers were assessed for childhood and adult ADHD using Conners' Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; CAADID). A total of 290 (22.7%) participants met CAADID criteria for childhood ADHD and comprise the current study sample. Results: Childhood ADHD persisted into adulthood in 72.8% (n = 211) of cases. ADHD persistence was significantly associated with a family history of ADHD, and the presence of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. The combined subtype was the most stable into adulthood (78.6%) and this stability was significantly associated with conduct disorder and past treatment of ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD is highly prevalent and persistent among SUD treatment seekers and is associated with the more severe phenotype that is also less likely to remit. Routine screening and follow-up assessment for ADHD is indicated to enhance treatment management and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geurt van de Glind
- ICASA Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Louisa Degenhardt
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Franz Moggi
- University of Bern, Switzerland,University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Máté Kapitány-Fövény
- Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Nyírő Gyula Hospital Drug Outpatient and Prevention Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Geert Dom
- University of Antwerp, Belgium,Psychiatric Center Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium
| | - Sofie Verspreet
- University of Antwerp, Belgium,Psychiatric Center Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium
| | | | - Jesse T. Young
- Curtin University, Perth, Australia,University of Melbourne, Australia,The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Michelini G, Jurgiel J, Bakolis I, Cheung CHM, Asherson P, Loo SK, Kuntsi J, Mohammad-Rezazadeh I. Atypical functional connectivity in adolescents and adults with persistent and remitted ADHD during a cognitive control task. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:137. [PMID: 30979865 PMCID: PMC6461684 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously provided initial evidence for cognitive and event-related potential markers of persistence/remission of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from childhood to adolescence and adulthood. Here, using a novel brain-network connectivity approach, we aimed to examine whether task-based functional connectivity reflects a marker of ADHD remission or an enduring deficit unrelated to ADHD outcome. High-density EEG was recorded in a follow-up of 110 adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD (87 persisters, 23 remitters) and 169 typically developing individuals during an arrow-flanker task, eliciting cognitive control. Functional connectivity was quantified with network-based graph-theory metrics before incongruent (high-conflict) target onset (pre-stimulus), during target processing (post-stimulus) and in the degree of change between pre-stimulus/post-stimulus. ADHD outcome was examined with parent-reported symptoms and impairment using both a categorical (DSM-IV) and a dimensional approach. Graph-theory measures converged in indicating that, compared to controls, ADHD persisters showed increased connectivity in pre-stimulus theta, alpha, and beta and in post-stimulus beta (all p < .01) and reduced pre-stimulus/post-stimulus change in theta connectivity (p < .01). In the majority of indices showing ADHD persister-control differences, ADHD remitters differed from controls (all p < .05) but not from persisters. Similarly, connectivity measures were unrelated to continuous outcome measures of ADHD symptoms and impairment in participants with childhood ADHD. These findings indicate that adolescents and young adults with persistent and remitted ADHD share atypical over-connectivity profiles and reduced ability to modulate connectivity patterns with task demands, compared to controls. Task-based functional connectivity impairments may represent enduring deficits in individuals with childhood ADHD irrespective of diagnostic status in adolescence/young adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Michelini
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, State University New York (SUNY) Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Joseph Jurgiel
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ioannis Bakolis
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Celeste H M Cheung
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sandra K Loo
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Iman Mohammad-Rezazadeh
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- HRL Laboratories, Malibu, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Asherson P, Agnew-Blais J. Annual Research Review: Does late-onset attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder exist? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:333-352. [PMID: 30843223 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is conceptualized as an early onset childhood neurodevelopmental disorder. Prevalence in adults is around two-thirds that in childhood, yet longitudinal outcome studies of children with ADHD found a minority continue to meet full criteria in adulthood. This suggests that not all adult cases meet ADHD criteria as children, a conclusion supported by earlier studies relying on retrospective recall in adolescent and adult samples. More recently prospective follow-up of population and control samples suggest that adolescent and young adult ADHD is not always a continuation of childhood ADHD. Here, we review the literature on age of onset, to explore whether late-onset ADHD exists, and if so, examine the evidence for whether this should be considered the same or a different disorder as childhood onset ADHD. We conclude that current evidence supports the view that a significant proportion of young adults meeting criteria for ADHD would not have met full diagnostic criteria for ADHD as children. However, many in the late-onset group show some ADHD symptoms in childhood, or an externalizing disorder such as oppositional defiant disorder. Furthermore, the current studies suggest that most (but not all) cases of late-onset ADHD develop the disorder between the ages of 12-16 and can therefore be considered adolescent or early adult onset ADHD. There is a relative lack of data spanning young to older adulthood to address the question of adult-onset. Currently, there is insufficient data to clarify the extent to which early and late onset ADHD reflect a different balance of genetic and environmental risks or share the same underlying neural mechanisms. Clinicians should be aware that significantly impairing forms of ADHD can emerge beyond the age of 12 years, although perhaps rarely in the context of a complete absence of precursors. The current evidence on treatment responses is limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Asherson
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Agnew-Blais
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hsu JW, Tsai SJ, Chen MH, Huang KL. Treatment-resistant attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Clinical significance, concept, and management. TAIWANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_14_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
35
|
Vogt BA. Cingulate impairments in ADHD: Comorbidities, connections, and treatment. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 166:297-314. [PMID: 31731917 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64196-0.00016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The entire cingulate cortex is engaged in the structure/function abnormalities found in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In ADHD, which is the most common developmental disease, impaired impulse control and cognition often trace to anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) in Go/No-go tests, decoding and reading, the Stroop Color and Word Test, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), with volume deficits in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior midcingulate cortex (pMCC). Volumes in pMCC correlate positively with the WCST and negatively with total and nonperseverative errors on the WCST. Activation and connectivity on N-back tests show connections for high and low spatial working memory, but patients have increased activation in PCC and decreased connectivity between MCC and PCC for high load. Students struggle in class due to malfunctioning aMCC, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC), and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (dPCC), and to core deficits in response/task switching in aMCC. Gene mutations are found in the DA transporter and DA4 and DA5 receptors. Methylphenidate decreases hyperactivity in aMCC. The DA system is controlled by cholinergic receptors in the daMCC and genetics show nAChR mutations in alpha 3, 4, and 7 receptors. At 25 years, a modified Eriksen flanker/No-go task and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) show prenatal smoking, lifetime smoking at 13 years, and novelty seeking. Prenatal exposure to nicotine exhibits weaker responses in aMCC during cognitive tasks for hyperactivity/impulsiveness but not inattention. AZD1446 (ɑ4β2 nAChR agonist) improves the Groton Maze task due to high nAChR in dPCC/RSC engaged in spatial orientation. Environmental factors associated with childhood ADHD relate to pesticides, organochlorine, and air pollutants. Network connection segregation shows increased amygdala local nodal, but decreased ACC and PCC connections, reflecting emphasis on local periamygdala connections at the expense of cortical connections. Thus, ADHD children/adolescents respond impulsively to the significance of stimuli without having cortical inhibition. Finally, controls show negative relationships between aMCC and the default mode network, and ADHD compromises this relationship, showing decreased connectivity between ACC and precuneus/PCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent A Vogt
- Cingulum Neurosciences Institute, Manlius, NY, United States; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Luo Y, Schulz KP, Alvarez TL, Halperin JM, Li X. Distinct topological properties of cue-evoked attention processing network in persisters and remitters of childhood ADHD. Cortex 2018; 109:234-244. [PMID: 30391878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent and impairing neurodevelopmental disorder that persists into adulthood in a sizeable portion of afflicted children. The persistence of ADHD elevates the risk for adverse outcomes that result in substantial individual and societal burden. The objective of this study is to assess neurobiological substrates associated with variability of clinical outcomes in childhood ADHD, which has considerable value for the development of novel interventions that target mechanisms associated with recovery. A total of 36 young adults who were diagnosed with ADHD combined-type during childhood and 33 group-matched controls were involved in the study. Adults with childhood ADHD were further divided into 17 persisters and 19 remitters based on DSM-5 criteria. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data during a cue-evoked attention task were collected from each subject. The cue-evoked attention processing network was constructed using graph theoretic techniques. Network properties, including global-, local-, and nodal-efficiency, and network hubs were computed. Group comparisons of the network properties were conducted. Significantly lower nodal efficiency in right inferior frontal gyrus and reduced left side frontal-parietal functional interactions were observed in both remitters and persisters relative to the controls. The ADHD persisters showed a unique pattern of significantly lower nodal efficiency in right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and hyper-interactions between bilateral MFG. This study suggests that right MFG functional impairments may relate to inactive fronto-parietal functional interactions for sensory and cognitive information processing and symptom persistence in young adults with childhood ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA
| | - Kurt P Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Tara L Alvarez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Halperin
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA; Department of Electric/Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Franke B, Michelini G, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Bilbow A, Buitelaar JK, Cormand B, Faraone SV, Ginsberg Y, Haavik J, Kuntsi J, Larsson H, Lesch KP, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Réthelyi JM, Ribases M, Reif A. Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:1059-1088. [PMID: 30195575 PMCID: PMC6379245 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable and the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. In recent decades, it has been appreciated that in a substantial number of cases the disorder does not remit in puberty, but persists into adulthood. Both in childhood and adulthood, ADHD is characterised by substantial comorbidity including substance use, depression, anxiety, and accidents. However, course and symptoms of the disorder and the comorbidities may fluctuate and change over time, and even age of onset in childhood has recently been questioned. Available evidence to date is poor and largely inconsistent with regard to the predictors of persistence versus remittance. Likewise, the development of comorbid disorders cannot be foreseen early on, hampering preventive measures. These facts call for a lifespan perspective on ADHD from childhood to old age. In this selective review, we summarise current knowledge of the long-term course of ADHD, with an emphasis on clinical symptom and cognitive trajectories, treatment effects over the lifespan, and the development of comorbidities. Also, we summarise current knowledge and important unresolved issues on biological factors underlying different ADHD trajectories. We conclude that a severe lack of knowledge on lifespan aspects in ADHD still exists for nearly every aspect reviewed. We encourage large-scale research efforts to overcome those knowledge gaps through appropriately granular longitudinal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, UK
| | - Philip Asherson
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andrea Bilbow
- Attention Deficit Disorder Information and Support Service (ADDISS), Edgware, UK; ADHD-Europe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bru Cormand
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, New York, USA; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ylva Ginsberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Haavik
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, UK
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - János M Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP-B Molecular Psychiatry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marta Ribases
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sudre G, Mangalmurti A, Shaw P. Growing out of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Insights from the 'remitted' brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 94:198-209. [PMID: 30194962 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We consider developmental and cognitive models to explain why some children 'grow out' of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by adulthood. The first model views remission as a convergence towards more typical brain function and structure. In support, some studies find that adult remitters are indistinguishable from those who were never affected in the neural substrates of 'top-down' mechanisms of cognitive control, some 'bottom-up' processes of vigilance/response preparation, prefrontal cortical morphology and intrinsic functional connectivity. A second model postulates that remission is driven by the recruitment of new brain systems that compensate for ADHD symptoms. It draws support from demonstrations of atypical, but possibly beneficial, patterns of connectivity within the cognitive control network in adult remitters. The final model holds that some childhood ADHD anomalies show lifelong persistence, regardless of adult outcome, supported by shared reports of anomalies in remitters and persisters in posterior cerebral and striato-thalamic regions. The models are compatible: different processes driving remission might occur in different brain regions. These models provide a framework for future studies which might inform novel treatments to 'accelerate' remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Sudre
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, and The National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, United States
| | - Aman Mangalmurti
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, and The National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, United States
| | - Philip Shaw
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, and The National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bozhilova NS, Michelini G, Kuntsi J, Asherson P. Mind wandering perspective on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:464-476. [PMID: 30036553 PMCID: PMC6525148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder associated with a range of mental health, neurocognitive and functional problems. Although the diagnosis is based on descriptions of behaviour, individuals with ADHD characteristically describe excessive spontaneous mind wandering (MW). MW in individuals with ADHD reflects constant mental activity which lacks topic stability and content consistency. Based on this review of the neural correlates of ADHD and MW, we outline a new perspective on ADHD: the MW hypothesis. We propose that altered deactivation of the default mode network, and dysfunctional interaction with the executive control network, leads to excessive and spontaneous MW, which underpins symptoms and impairments of ADHD. We highlight that processes linked to the normal neural regulation of MW (context regulation, sensory decoupling, salience thresholds) are deficient in ADHD. MW-related measures could serve as markers of the disease process, as MW can be experimentally manipulated, as well as measured using rating scales, and experience sampling during both cognitive tasks and daily life. MW may therefore be a potential endophenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natali S Bozhilova
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Denmark Hill, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Denmark Hill, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Denmark Hill, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Asherson
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Denmark Hill, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Guimarães-da-Silva PO, Rovaris DL, Silva KL, Karam RG, Rohde LA, Grevet EH, Bau CHD. Exploring neuropsychological predictors of ADHD remission or persistence during adulthood. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2018; 23:321-328. [PMID: 30092701 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2018.1506324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula O Guimarães-da-Silva
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Diego L Rovaris
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Katiane L Silva
- b ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,c CESUCA-Faculdade Inedi , Cachoeirinha , Brazil
| | - Rafael G Karam
- b ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Luis A Rohde
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Eugenio H Grevet
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Claiton H D Bau
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,e Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Salavert J, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Moreno-Alcázar A, Caseras X, Palomar G, Radua J, Bosch R, Salvador R, McKenna PJ, Casas M, Pomarol-Clotet E. Functional Imaging Changes in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Adult ADHD. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:679-693. [PMID: 26515892 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715611492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional imaging studies have found reduced frontal activity, mainly in dorso/ventro-lateral regions and reduced task-related de-activation of the default mode network in childhood ADHD. Adult studies are fewer and inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the potential neural bases of executive function in ADHD adults, examining brain activity during N-back task performance, and to explore the potential corrective effects of long-term methylphenidate treatment. METHOD We recruited a large adult ADHD-combined sample and a matched control group and obtained functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images during task. ADHD participants were subdivided in a group under long-term treatment with methylphenidate (washed out for the scan) and a treatment-naive group. RESULTS ADHD participants showed deficient de-activation of the medial prefrontal cortex during 2-back task, implying default mode network dysfunction. We found no relationship between blunted de-activation and treatment history. CONCLUSION As de-activation failure in the medial frontal cortex is linked to lapses of attention, findings suggest a potential link to ADHD symptomatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Salavert
- 1 FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Hospital Sant Rafael, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain.,3 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Ramos-Quiroga
- 3 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,4 CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,5 Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Moreno-Alcázar
- 1 FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,4 CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gloria Palomar
- 3 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,4 CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,5 Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- 1 FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,4 CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,7 King's College London, UK.,8 Karolinska Institutet, Stokholm, Sweden
| | - Rosa Bosch
- 3 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,4 CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,5 Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- 1 FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,4 CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter J McKenna
- 1 FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,4 CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Casas
- 3 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,4 CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,5 Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- 1 FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,4 CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Uchida M, Spencer TJ, Faraone SV, Biederman J. Adult Outcome of ADHD: An Overview of Results From the MGH Longitudinal Family Studies of Pediatrically and Psychiatrically Referred Youth With and Without ADHD of Both Sexes. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:523-534. [PMID: 26396145 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715604360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide an overview of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Longitudinal Studies of ADHD. METHODS We evaluated and followed samples of boys and girls with and without ADHD ascertained from psychiatric and pediatric sources and their families. RESULTS These studies documented that ADHD in both sexes is associated with high levels of persistence into adulthood, high levels of familiality with ADHD and other psychiatric disorders, a wide range of comorbid psychiatric and cognitive disorders including mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, learning disabilities, executive function deficits, emotional dysregulation, and autistic traits as well as functional impairments. The MGH studies suggested that stimulant treatment decreased risks of developing comorbid psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, and functional outcomes. The MGH studies documented the neural basis of persistence of ADHD using neuroimaging. CONCLUSION The MGH studies provided various insights on symptoms, course, functions, comorbidities, and neuroscience of ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Uchida
- 1 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.,2 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Spencer
- 1 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.,2 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- 3 SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.,4 University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Joseph Biederman
- 1 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.,2 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Eldaief MC, McMains S, Hutchison RM, Halko MA, Pascual-Leone A. Reconfiguration of Intrinsic Functional Coupling Patterns Following Circumscribed Network Lesions. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:2894-2910. [PMID: 27226439 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication between cortical regions is necessary for optimal cognitive processing. Functional relationships between cortical regions can be inferred through measurements of temporal synchrony in spontaneous activity patterns. These relationships can be further elaborated by surveying effects of cortical lesions upon inter-regional connectivity. Lesions to cortical hubs and heteromodal association regions are expected to induce distributed connectivity changes and higher-order cognitive deficits, yet their functional consequences remain relatively unexplored. Here, we used resting-state fMRI to investigate intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) and graph theoretical metrics in 12 patients with circumscribed lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) portion of the Default Network (DN), and compared these metrics with those observed in healthy matched comparison participants and a sample of 1139 healthy individuals. Despite significant mPFC destruction, patients did not demonstrate weakened intrinsic FC among undamaged DN nodes. Instead, network-specific changes were manifested as weaker negative correlations between the DN and attentional and somatomotor networks. These findings conflict with the DN being a homogenous system functionally anchored at mPFC. Rather, they implicate a role for mPFC in mediating cross-network functional interactions. More broadly, our data suggest that lesions to association cortical hubs might induce clinical deficits by disrupting communication between interacting large-scale systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Eldaief
- Center for Brain Science Neuroimaging Facility, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stephanie McMains
- Center for Brain Science Neuroimaging Facility, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - R Matthew Hutchison
- Center for Brain Science Neuroimaging Facility, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mark A Halko
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Institut Guttmann, Universitat Autonoma, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zepf FD, Bubenzer-Busch S, Runions KC, Rao P, Wong JWY, Mahfouda S, Morandini HAE, Stewart RM, Moore JK, Biskup CS, Eickhoff SB, Fink GR, Langner R. Functional connectivity of the vigilant-attention network in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Cogn 2017; 131:56-65. [PMID: 29150311 PMCID: PMC6432906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ADHD affects functional connectivity in a brain network for vigilant attention (VA). First evidence showing the VA network is intrinsically coupled in older children. ADHD patients showed less consistent network connectivity, forming 2 subnetworks. Lower network integrity in ADHD is due to both weaker and stronger connections. Aberrant connectivity between several regions is linked to ADHD symptomatology.
The ability to maintain attention to simple tasks (i.e., vigilant attention, VA) is often impaired in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms at the brain network level are not clear yet. We therefore investigated ADHD-related differences in resting-state functional connectivity within a meta-analytically defined brain network of 14 distinct regions subserving VA (comprising 91 connections in total), as well as the association of connectivity with markers of behavioural dysfunction in 17 children (age range: 9–14 years) with a diagnosis of ADHD and 21 age-matched neurotypical controls. Our analyses revealed selective, rather than global, differences in the intrinsic coupling between nodes of the VA-related brain network in children with ADHD, relative to controls. In particular, ADHD patients showed substantially diminished intrinsic coupling for 7 connections and increased coupling for 4 connections, with many differences involving connectivity with the anterior insula. Moreover, connectivity strength of several aberrant connections was found to be associated with core aspects of ADHD symptomatology, such as poor attention, difficulties with social functioning, and impaired cognitive control, attesting to the behavioural relevance of specific connectivity differences observed in the resting state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian D Zepf
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sarah Bubenzer-Busch
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kevin C Runions
- Community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Pradeep Rao
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Janice W Y Wong
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Simone Mahfouda
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Hugo A E Morandini
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Richard M Stewart
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Julia K Moore
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Paediatric Consultation-Liaison Program, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Caroline S Biskup
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Schulz KP, Li X, Clerkin SM, Fan J, Berwid OG, Newcorn JH, Halperin JM. Prefrontal and parietal correlates of cognitive control related to the adult outcome of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosed in childhood. Cortex 2017; 90:1-11. [PMID: 28292705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The protracted and highly variable development of prefrontal cortex regions that support cognitive control has been purported to shape the adult outcome of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This neurodevelopmental model was tested in a prospectively followed sample of 27 adult probands who were diagnosed with ADHD in childhood and 28 carefully matched comparison subjects aged 21-28 years. Probands were classified with persistent ADHD or remitted ADHD. Behavioral and neural responses to the Stimulus and Response Conflict Task (SRCT) performed during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were compared in probands and comparison subjects and in probands with persistent and remitted ADHD. Response speed and accuracy for stimulus, response, and combined conflicts did not differ across groups. Orbitofrontal, inferior frontal and parietal activation was lower in probands than comparison subjects, but only for combined conflicts, when demand for cognitive control was highest. Reduced activation for combined conflicts in probands was almost wholly attributable to the persistence of ADHD; orbitofrontal, inferior frontal, anterior cingulate and parietal activation was lower in probands with persistent ADHD than both probands with remitted ADHD and comparison subjects, but did not differ between probands with remitted ADHD and comparison subjects. These data provide the first evidence that prefrontal and parietal activation during cognitive control parallels the adult outcome of ADHD diagnosed in childhood, with persistence of symptoms linked to reduced activation and symptom recovery associated with activation indistinguishable from adults with no history of ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt P Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Suzanne M Clerkin
- Department of Psychology, Purchase College of the State University of New York, Purchase, NY, USA
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Olga G Berwid
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, York College of the City University of New York, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Newcorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Halperin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gonzalez-Carpio G, Serrano JP, Nieto M. Creativity in Children with Attention Déficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2017.83019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
47
|
Christoff K, Irving ZC, Fox KCR, Spreng RN, Andrews-Hanna JR. Mind-wandering as spontaneous thought: a dynamic framework. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016; 17:718-731. [PMID: 27654862 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2016.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 581] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Most research on mind-wandering has characterized it as a mental state with contents that are task unrelated or stimulus independent. However, the dynamics of mind-wandering - how mental states change over time - have remained largely neglected. Here, we introduce a dynamic framework for understanding mind-wandering and its relationship to the recruitment of large-scale brain networks. We propose that mind-wandering is best understood as a member of a family of spontaneous-thought phenomena that also includes creative thought and dreaming. This dynamic framework can shed new light on mental disorders that are marked by alterations in spontaneous thought, including depression, anxiety and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Christoff
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Zachary C Irving
- Departments of Philosophy and Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kieran C R Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, Department of Human Development, Cornell University.,Human Neuroscience Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Jessica R Andrews-Hanna
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 594, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0594, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yang Z, Kelly C, Castellanos FX, Leon T, Milham MP, Adler LA. Neural Correlates of Symptom Improvement Following Stimulant Treatment in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2016; 26:527-36. [PMID: 27027541 PMCID: PMC4991601 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2015.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to examine the impact of 3 weeks of amphetamine administration on intrinsic connectome-wide connectivity patterns in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and explore the association between stimulant-induced symptom improvement and functional connectivity alteration. METHODS Participants included 19 adults (age 20-55 years) diagnosed with ADHD using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria per the Adult Clinician Diagnostic Scale taking part in amphetamine trials. For each patient, two 6-minute resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) scans were acquired at baseline and after treatment. A fully data-driven multivariate analytic approach (i.e., multivariate distance matrix regression [MDMR]) was applied to R-fMRI data to characterize the distributed pharmacological effects in the entire functional connectome. Clinical efficacy was assessed using ADHD rating scale with adult prompts and the Adult Self-Report Scale v1.1 Symptom Checklist. We linked stimulant-induced functional connectivity changes to symptom amelioration using Spearman's correlation. RESULTS Three weeks of administration of a stimulant significantly reduced ADHD symptoms. MDMR-based analyses on R-fMRI data highlighted the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, a key cognitive control region) and the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC, the anterior core of default network) whose distributed patterns of functional connectivity across the entire brain were altered by psychostimulants. Follow-up intrinsic functional connectivity revealed that stimulants specifically decreased the positive functional connectivity between DLPFC-insula, DLPFC-anterior cingulate cortex, and MPFC-insula. Importantly, these functional connectivity changes are associated with symptom improvement. CONCLUSION These results suggested that ADHD is associated with increased functional integration or decreased functional segregation between core regions of cognitive control, default, and salience networks. The apparent normalization of intrinsic functional interaction in these circuits (i.e., increased functional segregation) may underlie the clinical benefits produced by 3 weeks of amphetamine treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Clare Kelly
- The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Francisco X. Castellanos
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York.,The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Terry Leon
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael P. Milham
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Lenard A. Adler
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
McLeod KR, Langevin LM, Dewey D, Goodyear BG. Atypical within- and between-hemisphere motor network functional connections in children with developmental coordination disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 12:157-64. [PMID: 27419066 PMCID: PMC4936600 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders; however, the neural mechanisms of this comorbidity are poorly understood. Previous research has demonstrated that children with DCD and ADHD have altered brain region communication, particularly within the motor network. The structure and function of the motor network in a typically developing brain exhibits hemispheric dominance. It is plausible that functional deficits observed in children with DCD and ADHD are associated with neurodevelopmental alterations in within- and between-hemisphere motor network functional connection strength that disrupt this hemispheric dominance. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine functional connections of the left and right primary and sensory motor (SM1) cortices in children with DCD, ADHD and DCD + ADHD, relative to typically developing children. Our findings revealed that children with DCD, ADHD and DCD + ADHD exhibit atypical within- and between-hemisphere functional connection strength between SM1 and regions of the basal ganglia, as well as the cerebellum. Our findings further support the assertion that development of atypical motor network connections represents common and distinct neural mechanisms underlying DCD and ADHD. In children with DCD and DCD + ADHD (but not ADHD), a significant correlation was observed between clinical assessment of motor function and the strength of functional connections between right SM1 and anterior cingulate cortex, supplementary motor area, and regions involved in visuospatial processing. This latter finding suggests that behavioral phenotypes associated with atypical motor network development differ between individuals with DCD and those with ADHD. Resting-state fMRI was used to examine motor networks of children with DCD and ADHD. DCD and ADHD exhibited atypical within- and between-hemisphere motor network connections. Neuromuscular development was associated with functional connection strength in DCD, but not ADHD. Resting-state fMRI can identify shared and distinct neural mechanisms that underlie ADHD and DCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. McLeod
- Medical Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lisa Marie Langevin
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Behavioural Research Unit, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Behavioural Research Unit, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bradley G. Goodyear
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Seaman Family MR Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.Seaman Family MR Research CentreFoothills Medical Centre1403 29th Street NWCalgaryABT2N 2T9Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ng KK, Lo JC, Lim JK, Chee MW, Zhou J. Reduced functional segregation between the default mode network and the executive control network in healthy older adults: A longitudinal study. Neuroimage 2016; 133:321-330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|