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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Shamoto-Nagai M, Riederer P. Toxic interactions between dopamine, α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase, and genes in mitochondria of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:639-661. [PMID: 38196001 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by its distinct pathological features; loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and accumulation of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites containing modified α-synuclein. Beneficial effects of L-DOPA and dopamine replacement therapy indicate dopamine deficit as one of the main pathogenic factors. Dopamine and its oxidation products are proposed to induce selective vulnerability in dopamine neurons. However, Parkinson's disease is now considered as a generalized disease with dysfunction of several neurotransmitter systems caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. The pathogenic factors include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein accumulation, programmed cell death, impaired proteolytic systems, neuroinflammation, and decline of neurotrophic factors. This paper presents interactions among dopamine, α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase, its inhibitors, and related genes in mitochondria. α-Synuclein inhibits dopamine synthesis and function. Vice versa, dopamine oxidation by monoamine oxidase produces toxic aldehydes, reactive oxygen species, and quinones, which modify α-synuclein, and promote its fibril production and accumulation in mitochondria. Excessive dopamine in experimental models modifies proteins in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and inhibits the function. α-Synuclein and familiar Parkinson's disease-related gene products modify the expression and activity of monoamine oxidase. Type A monoamine oxidase is associated with neuroprotection by an unspecific dose of inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase, rasagiline and selegiline. Rasagiline and selegiline prevent α-synuclein fibrillization, modulate this toxic collaboration, and exert neuroprotection in experimental studies. Complex interactions between these pathogenic factors play a decisive role in neurodegeneration in PD and should be further defined to develop new therapies for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan.
| | - Wakako Maruyama
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
| | - Masayo Shamoto-Nagai
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
| | - Peter Riederer
- Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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2
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Sequeira L, Benfeito S, Fernandes C, Lima I, Peixoto J, Alves C, Machado CS, Gaspar A, Borges F, Chavarria D. Drug Development for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: Where Do We Go Now? Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:708. [PMID: 38931832 PMCID: PMC11206728 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a set of progressive, chronic, and incurable diseases characterized by the gradual loss of neurons, culminating in the decline of cognitive and/or motor functions. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common NDs and represent an enormous burden both in terms of human suffering and economic cost. The available therapies for AD and PD only provide symptomatic and palliative relief for a limited period and are unable to modify the diseases' progression. Over the last decades, research efforts have been focused on developing new pharmacological treatments for these NDs. However, to date, no breakthrough treatment has been discovered. Hence, the development of disease-modifying drugs able to halt or reverse the progression of NDs remains an unmet clinical need. This review summarizes the major hallmarks of AD and PD and the drugs available for pharmacological treatment. It also sheds light on potential directions that can be pursued to develop new, disease-modifying drugs to treat AD and PD, describing as representative examples some advances in the development of drug candidates targeting oxidative stress and adenosine A2A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS—Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Chavarria
- CIQUP-IMS—Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Suthar JK, Vaidya A, Ravindran S. Size, Surface Properties, and Ion Release of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Effects on Cytotoxicity, Dopaminergic Gene Expression, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition in Neuronal PC-12 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2254-2271. [PMID: 37713055 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The extensive applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have resulted in a substantial risk of human exposure. However, the knowledge of the toxicity of these NPs in the nervous system is still limited. A comparative analysis of ZnO NPs of various sizes and NPs of the same size, with and without surface coating, and the potential role of released zinc ions is yet to be thoroughly explored. As a result, we have studied the cellular toxicity of two different-sized ZnO NPs, ZnO-22 (22 nm) and ZnO-43 (43 nm), and NPs with similar size but with polyvinylpyrrolidone coating (ZnO-P, 45 nm). The findings from our study suggested a time-, size-, and surface coating-dependent cytotoxicity in PC-12 cells at a concentration ≥ 10 μg/ml. ZnO NP treatment significantly elevated reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, thereby increasing oxidative stress. The exposure of ZnO-22 and ZnO-43 significantly upregulated the expression of monoamine oxidase-A and downregulated the α-synuclein gene expression associated with the dopaminergic system. The interaction of NPs enzymes in the nervous system is also hazardous. Therefore, the inhibition activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme was also studied for its interaction with these NPs, and the results indicated a dose-dependent inhibition of enzyme activity. Particle size, coating, and cellular interactions modulate ZnO NP's cytotoxicity; smaller sizes enhance cellular uptake and reactivity, while coating reduces cytotoxicity by limiting direct cell contact and potentially mitigating oxidative stress. Furthermore, the study of released zinc ions from the NPs suggested no significant contribution to the observed cytotoxicity compared to the NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar Suthar
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune, India
| | - Anuradha Vaidya
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune, India
| | - Selvan Ravindran
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune, India.
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4
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D'Acunzo P, Argyrousi EK, Ungania JM, Kim Y, DeRosa S, Pawlik M, Goulbourne CN, Arancio O, Levy E. Mitovesicles secreted into the extracellular space of brains with mitochondrial dysfunction impair synaptic plasticity. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:34. [PMID: 38616258 PMCID: PMC11017499 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypometabolism tied to mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the aging brain and in neurodegenerative disorders, including in Alzheimer's disease, in Down syndrome, and in mouse models of these conditions. We have previously shown that mitovesicles, small extracellular vesicles (EVs) of mitochondrial origin, are altered in content and abundance in multiple brain conditions characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. However, given their recent discovery, it is yet to be explored what mitovesicles regulate and modify, both under physiological conditions and in the diseased brain. In this study, we investigated the effects of mitovesicles on synaptic function, and the molecular players involved. METHODS Hippocampal slices from wild-type mice were perfused with the three known types of EVs, mitovesicles, microvesicles, or exosomes, isolated from the brain of a mouse model of Down syndrome or of a diploid control and long-term potentiation (LTP) recorded. The role of the monoamine oxidases type B (MAO-B) and type A (MAO-A) in mitovesicle-driven LTP impairments was addressed by treatment of mitovesicles with the irreversible MAO inhibitors pargyline and clorgiline prior to perfusion of the hippocampal slices. RESULTS Mitovesicles from the brain of the Down syndrome model reduced LTP within minutes of mitovesicle addition. Mitovesicles isolated from control brains did not trigger electrophysiological effects, nor did other types of brain EVs (microvesicles and exosomes) from any genotype tested. Depleting mitovesicles of their MAO-B, but not MAO-A, activity eliminated their ability to alter LTP. CONCLUSIONS Mitovesicle impairment of LTP is a previously undescribed paracrine-like mechanism by which EVs modulate synaptic activity, demonstrating that mitovesicles are active participants in the propagation of cellular and functional homeostatic changes in the context of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale D'Acunzo
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 10962, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 10016, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elentina K Argyrousi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 10027, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 10027, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan M Ungania
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 10962, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Yohan Kim
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 10962, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 10016, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven DeRosa
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 10962, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Monika Pawlik
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 10962, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Chris N Goulbourne
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 10962, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 10027, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 10027, New York, NY, USA
| | - Efrat Levy
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 10962, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 10016, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 10027, New York, NY, USA.
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 10016, New York, NY, USA.
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Al-Saad OM, Gabr M, Darwish SS, Rullo M, Pisani L, Miniero DV, Liuzzi GM, Kany AM, Hirsch AKH, Abadi AH, Engel M, Catto M, Abdel-Halim M. Novel 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-carboxamides as potent and selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitors endowed with neuroprotective activity. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116266. [PMID: 38490063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases, using a single molecule that can exert multiple effects to modify the disease may have superior activity over the classical "one molecule-one target" approach. Herein, we describe the discovery of 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-carboxamides as highly potent and selective MAO-B inhibitors. Variation of the amide substituent led to several potent compounds having diverse side chains with cyclohexylamide 40 displaying the highest potency towards MAO-B (IC50 = 11 nM). To discover new compounds with extended efficacy against neurotoxic mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases, MAO-B inhibitors were screened against PHF6, R3 tau, cellular tau and α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation. We identified the phenethylamide 30 as a multipotent inhibitor of MAO-B (IC50 = 41 nM) and α-syn and tau aggregation. It showed no cytotoxic effects on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, while also providing neuroprotection against toxicities induced by α-syn and tau. The evaluation of key physicochemical and in vitro-ADME properties revealed a great potential as drug-like small molecules with multitarget neuroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Al-Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Gabr
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sarah S Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, 11578, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariagrazia Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pisani
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Valeria Miniero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Andreas M Kany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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6
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Yang Z, Zhong T, Mo Q, He J, Chong J, Hu X, Zhao S, Qin J. Monoamine oxidase B activatable red fluorescence probe for bioimaging in cells and zebrafish. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107156. [PMID: 38387393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A real-time and specific for the detection of Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO-B) to investigate the MAO-B-relevant disease development and treatment process is urgently desirable. Here, we utilized MAO-B to catalyze the conversion of propylamino groups to aldehyde groups, which was then quickly followed by a β-elimination process to produce fluorescent probes (FNJP) that may be used to detect MAO-B in vitro and in vivo. The FNJP probe possesses unique properties, including favorable reactivity (Km = 10.8 μM), high cell permeability, and NIR characteristics (λem = 610 nm). Moreover, the FNJP probe showed high selectivity for MAO-B and was able to detect endogenous MAO-B levels from a mixed population of NIH-3 T3 and HepG2 cells. MAO-B expression was found to be increased in cells under lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cellular oxidative stress in neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, the visualization of FNJP for MAO-B activity in zebrafish can be an effective tool for exploring the biofunctions of MAO-B. Considering these excellent properties, the FNJP probe may be a powerful tool for detecting MAO-B levels in living organisms and can be used for accurate clinical diagnoses of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China; Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities, Duyun 558003, PR China
| | - Tiantian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Qingyuan Mo
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Jiman He
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Jia Chong
- Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities, Duyun 558003, PR China
| | - Xianyun Hu
- Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities, Duyun 558003, PR China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Jiangke Qin
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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Srivastava P, Sudevan ST, Thennavan A, Mathew B, Kanthlal SK. Inhibiting Monoamine Oxidase in CNS and CVS would be a Promising Approach to Mitigating Cardiovascular Complications in Neurodegenerative Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:331-341. [PMID: 36872357 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230303115236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The flavoenzyme monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are present in the mitochondrial outer membrane and are responsible for the metabolism of biogenic amines. MAO deamination of biological amines produces toxic byproducts such as amines, aldehydes, and hydrogen peroxide, which are significant in the pathophysiology of multiple neurodegenerative illnesses. In the cardiovascular system (CVS), these by-products target the mitochondria of cardiac cells leading to their dysfunction and producing redox imbalance in the endothelium of the blood vessels. This brings up the biological relationship between the susceptibility of getting cardiovascular disorders in neural patients. In the current scenario, MAO inhibitors are highly recommended by physicians worldwide for the therapy and management of various neurodegenerative disorders. Many interventional studies reveal the benefit of MAO inhibitors in CVS. Drug candidates who can target both the central and peripheral MAO could be a better to compensate for the cardiovascular comorbidities observed in neurodegenerative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princika Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sachithra Thazhathuveedu Sudevan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, India
| | - Arumugam Thennavan
- Central Lab Animal Facility, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, India
| | - S K Kanthlal
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
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Mangrulkar SV, Wankhede NL, Kale MB, Upaganlawar AB, Taksande BG, Umekar MJ, Anwer MK, Dailah HG, Mohan S, Behl T. Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Signaling Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Major Neurodegenerative Disease. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:708-729. [PMID: 37162686 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are incurable and the most prevalent cognitive and motor disorders of elderly. Mitochondria are essential for a wide range of cellular processes playing a pivotal role in a number of cellular functions like metabolism, intracellular signaling, apoptosis, and immunity. A plethora of evidence indicates the central role of mitochondrial functions in pathogenesis of many aging related NDD. Considering how mitochondria function in neurodegenerative diseases, oxidative stress, and mutations in mtDNA both contribute to aging. Many substantial reports suggested the involvement of numerous contributing factors including, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, mitophagy, accumulation of somatic mtDNA mutations, compromised mitochondrial dynamics, and transport within axons in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Therapies therefore target fundamental mitochondrial processes such as energy metabolism, free-radical generation, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial redox state, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial protein synthesis, mitochondrial quality control, and metabolism hold great promise to develop pharmacological based therapies in NDD. By emphasizing the most efficient pharmacological strategies to target dysfunction of mitochondria in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, this review serves the scientific community engaged in translational medical science by focusing on the establishment of novel, mitochondria-targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nitu L Wankhede
- Smt. Shantabai Patil College of Diploma in Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayur B Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nasik, Maharashta, India
| | - Brijesh G Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Ghaleb Dailah
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
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9
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Mohammed HS, Hosny EN, Sawie HG, Khadrawy YA. Transcranial photobiomodulation ameliorates midbrain and striatum neurochemical impairments and behavioral deficits in reserpine-induced parkinsonism in rats. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2891-2904. [PMID: 37917308 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) of deep brain structures through transcranial infrared irradiation might be an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanisms underlying this intervention should be elucidated to optimize the therapeutic outcome and maximize therapeutic efficacy. The present study aimed at investigating the oxidative stress-related parameters of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and reduced glutathione (GSH) and the enzymatic activities of sodium-potassium-ATPase (Na+, K+-ATPase), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and monoamine oxidase (MAO) and monoamine levels (dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) in the midbrain and striatum of reserpine-induced PD in an animal model treated with PBM. Furthermore, the locomotor behavior of the animals has been determined by the open field test. Animals were divided into three groups; the control group, the PD-induced model group, and the PD-induced model treated with the PBM group. Non-invasive treatment of animals for 14 days with 100 mW, 830 nm laser has demonstrated successful attainment in the recovery of oxidative stress, and enzymatic activities impairments induced by reserpine (0.2 mg/kg) in both midbrain and striatum of adult male Wistar rats. PBM also improved the decrease in DA, NE, and 5-HT in the investigated brain regions. On a behavioral level, animals showed improvement in their locomotion activity. These findings have shed more light on some mechanisms underlying the treatment potential of PBM and displayed the safety, easiness, and efficacy of PBM treatment as an alternative to pharmacological treatment for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham S Mohammed
- Faculty of Science, Biophysics Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Eman N Hosny
- Medical Division, Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hussein G Sawie
- Medical Division, Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Division, Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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10
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Koshimori Y, Cusimano MD, Vieira EL, Rusjan PM, Kish SJ, Vasdev N, Moriguchi S, Boileau I, Chao T, Nasser Z, Ishrat Husain M, Faiz K, Braga J, Meyer JH. Astrogliosis marker 11C-SL25.1188 PET in traumatic brain injury with persistent symptoms. Brain 2023; 146:4469-4475. [PMID: 37602426 PMCID: PMC10629767 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common but little is known why up to a third of patients have persisting symptoms. Astrogliosis, a pathophysiological response to brain injury, may be a potential therapeutic target, but demonstration of astrogliosis in the brain of humans with TBI and persistent symptoms is lacking. Astroglial marker monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) total distribution volume (11C-SL25.1188 VT), an index of MAO-B density, was measured in 29 TBI and 29 similarly aged healthy control cases with 11C-SL25.1188 PET, prioritizing prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cortex proximal to cortical convexity. Correlations of PFC 11C-SL25.1188 VT with psychomotor and processing speed; and serum blood measures implicated in astrogliosis were determined. 11C-SL25.1188 VT was greater in TBI in PFC (P = 0.00064) and cortex (P = 0.00038). PFC 11C-SL25.1188 VT inversely correlated with Comprehensive Trail Making Test psychomotor and processing speed (r = -0.48, P = 0.01). In participants scanned within 2 years of last TBI, PFC 11C-SL25.1188 VT correlated with serum glial fibrillary acid protein (r = 0.51, P = 0.037) and total tau (r = 0.74, P = 0.001). Elevated 11C-SL25.1188 VT argues strongly for astrogliosis and therapeutics modifying astrogliosis towards curative phenotypes should be tested in TBI with persistent symptoms. Given substantive effect size, astrogliosis PET markers should be applied to stratify cases and/or assess target engagement for putative therapeutics targeting astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Koshimori
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Michael D Cusimano
- Neurosurgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Erica L Vieira
- Molecular Neurobiology and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8Canada
| | - Pablo M Rusjan
- Douglas Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Stephen J Kish
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8Canada
| | - Sho Moriguchi
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Thomas Chao
- Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Zahra Nasser
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - M Ishrat Husain
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Khunsa Faiz
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Joeffre Braga
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
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11
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Ipe RS, Kumar S, Benny F, Jayan J, Manoharan A, Sudevan ST, George G, Gahtori P, Kim H, Mathew B. A Concise Review of the Recent Structural Explorations of Chromones as MAO-B Inhibitors: Update from 2017 to 2023. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1310. [PMID: 37765118 PMCID: PMC10534638 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are a family of flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzymes that catalyze the oxidative deamination of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous amines. Multiple neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), are closely correlated with altered biogenic amine concentrations in the brain caused by MAO. Toxic byproducts of this oxidative breakdown, including hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species, and ammonia, can cause oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in brain cells. Certain MAO-B blockers have been recognized as effective treatment options for managing neurological conditions, including AD and PD. There is still a pressing need to find potent therapeutic molecules to fight these disorders. However, the focus of neurodegeneration studies has recently increased, and certain compounds are now in clinical trials. Chromones are promising structures for developing therapeutic compounds, especially in neuronal degeneration. This review focuses on the MAO-B inhibitory potential of several synthesized chromones and their structural activity relationships. Concerning the discovery of a novel class of effective chromone-based selective MAO-B-inhibiting agents, this review offers readers a better understanding of the most recent additions to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Susan Ipe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Feba Benny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Jayalakshmi Jayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Amritha Manoharan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Sachitra Thazhathuveedu Sudevan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Ginson George
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Prashant Gahtori
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India;
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
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12
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Pizarro-Galleguillos BM, Kunert L, Brüggemann N, Prasuhn J. Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Connecting Neuroimaging with Pathophysiology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1411. [PMID: 37507950 PMCID: PMC10375976 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need for disease-modifying therapies in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, these disorders face unique challenges in clinical trial designs to assess the neuroprotective properties of potential drug candidates. One of these challenges relates to the often unknown individual disease mechanisms that would, however, be relevant for targeted treatment strategies. Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are two proposed pathophysiological hallmarks and are considered to be highly interconnected in PD. Innovative neuroimaging methods can potentially help to gain deeper insights into one's predominant disease mechanisms, can facilitate patient stratification in clinical trials, and could potentially map treatment responses. This review aims to highlight the role of neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with PD (PwPD). We will specifically introduce different neuroimaging modalities, their respective technical hurdles and challenges, and their implementation into clinical practice. We will gather preliminary evidence for their potential use in PD research and discuss opportunities for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Matís Pizarro-Galleguillos
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Liesa Kunert
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jannik Prasuhn
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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13
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Nam MH, Ko HY, Kim D, Lee S, Park YM, Hyeon SJ, Won W, Chung JI, Kim SY, Jo HH, Oh KT, Han YE, Lee GH, Ju YH, Lee H, Kim H, Heo J, Bhalla M, Kim KJ, Kwon J, Stein TD, Kong M, Lee H, Lee SE, Oh SJ, Chun JH, Park MA, Park KD, Ryu H, Yun M, Lee CJ. Visualizing reactive astrocyte-neuron interaction in Alzheimer's disease using 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG. Brain 2023; 146:2957-2974. [PMID: 37062541 PMCID: PMC10517195 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a clinically validated neuroimaging probe to visualize the reactive astrogliosis is yet to be discovered. Here, we show that PET imaging with 11C-acetate and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) functionally visualizes the reactive astrocyte-mediated neuronal hypometabolism in the brains with neuroinflammation and AD. To investigate the alterations of acetate and glucose metabolism in the diseased brains and their impact on the AD pathology, we adopted multifaceted approaches including microPET imaging, autoradiography, immunohistochemistry, metabolomics, and electrophysiology. Two AD rodent models, APP/PS1 and 5xFAD transgenic mice, one adenovirus-induced rat model of reactive astrogliosis, and post-mortem human brain tissues were used in this study. We further curated a proof-of-concept human study that included 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG PET imaging analyses along with neuropsychological assessments from 11 AD patients and 10 healthy control subjects. We demonstrate that reactive astrocytes excessively absorb acetate through elevated monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) in rodent models of both reactive astrogliosis and AD. The elevated acetate uptake is associated with reactive astrogliosis and boosts the aberrant astrocytic GABA synthesis when amyloid-β is present. The excessive astrocytic GABA subsequently suppresses neuronal activity, which could lead to glucose uptake through decreased glucose transporter-3 in the diseased brains. We further demonstrate that 11C-acetate uptake was significantly increased in the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and temporo-parietal neocortex of the AD patients compared to the healthy controls, while 18F-FDG uptake was significantly reduced in the same regions. Additionally, we discover a strong correlation between the patients' cognitive function and the PET signals of both 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG. We demonstrate the potential value of PET imaging with 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG by visualizing reactive astrogliosis and the associated neuronal glucose hypometablosim for AD patients. Our findings further suggest that the acetate-boosted reactive astrocyte-neuron interaction could contribute to the cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Mason Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Won
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-In Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Hee Jo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Taek Oh
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Han
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Ho Lee
- Research Resources Division, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ha Ju
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejun Heo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mridula Bhalla
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jung Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Kwon
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Thor D Stein
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Pathology, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Mingyu Kong
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeom Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Research Resources Division, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Chun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Park
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Pathology, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
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14
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Xing Z, Zhang Y, Tian Z, Wang M, Xiao W, Zhu C, Zhao S, Zhu Y, Hu L, Kong X. Escaping but not the inactive X-linked protein complex coding genes may achieve X-chromosome dosage compensation and underlie X chromosome inactivation-related diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17721. [PMID: 37449161 PMCID: PMC10336589 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
X chromosome dosage compensation (XDC) refers to the process by which X-linked genes acquire expression equivalence between two sexes. Ohno proposed that XDC is achieved by two-fold upregulations of X-linked genes in both sexes and by silencing one X chromosome (X chromosome inactivation, XCI) in females. However, genes subject to two-fold upregulations as well as the underlying mechanism remain unclear. It's reported that gene dosage changes may only affect X-linked dosage-sensitive genes, such as protein complex coding genes (PCGs). Our results showed that in human PCGs are more likely to escape XCI and escaping PCGs (EsP) show two-fold higher expression than inactivated PCGs (InP) or other X-linked genes at RNA and protein levels in both sexes, which suggest that EsP may achieve upregulations and XDC. The higher expressions of EsP possibly result from the upregulations of the single active X chromosome (Xa), rather than escaping expressions from the inactive X chromosome (Xi). EsP genes have relatively high expression levels in humans and lower dN/dS ratios, suggesting that they are likely under stronger selection pressure over evolutionary time. Our study also suggests that SP1 transcription factor is significantly enriched in EsP and may be involved in the up-regulations of EsP on the active X. Finally, human EsP genes in this study are enriched in the toll-like receptor pathway, NF-kB pathway, apoptotic pathway, and abnormal mental, developmental and reproductive phenotypes. These findings suggest misregulations of EsP may be involved in autoimmune, reproductive, and neurological diseases, providing insight for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Xing
- Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children’s' Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhongyuan Tian
- Zhoukou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Weiwei Xiao
- Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children’s' Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunqing Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children’s' Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Songhui Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yufei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Landian Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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15
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Cortes-Torres AG, López-Castillo GN, Marín-Torres JL, Portillo-Reyes R, Luna F, Baca BE, Sandoval-Ramírez J, Carrasco-Carballo A. Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil: Extraction, GC-MS, Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity, and In Silico Molecular Docking for Protein Targets Related to CNS. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5164-5179. [PMID: 37367077 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the chemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil from Puebla, México, assessed its antioxidant activity, and evaluated in silico protein-compound interactions related to central nervous system (CNS) physiology. GC-MS analysis identified myrcene (8.76%), Z-geranial (27.58%), and E-geranial (38.62%) as the main components, with 45 other compounds present, which depends on the region and growing conditions. DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu assays using the leaves extract show a promising antioxidant effect (EC50 = 48.5 µL EO/mL), reducing reactive oxygen species. The bioinformatic tool SwissTargetPrediction (STP) shows 10 proteins as potential targets associated with CNS physiology. Moreover, protein-protein interaction diagrams suggest that muscarinic and dopamine receptors are related to each other through a third party. Molecular docking reveals that Z-geranial has higher binding energy than M1 commercial blocker and blocks M2, but not M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, whereas β-pinene and myrcene block M1, M2, and M4 receptors. These actions may positively affect cardiovascular activity, memory, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia. This study highlights the significance of understanding natural product interactions with physiological systems to uncover potential therapeutic agents and advanced knowledge on their benefits for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Cortes-Torres
- Laboratorio de Elucidación y Síntesis en Química Orgánica, ICUAP-BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Interacción Bacteria-Planta, ICCM-BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Guiee N López-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Elucidación y Síntesis en Química Orgánica, ICUAP-BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | | | | | - Felix Luna
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, FCQ-BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Beatriz E Baca
- Laboratorio de Interacción Bacteria-Planta, ICCM-BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Jesús Sandoval-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Modificación de Productos Naturales, FCQ-BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Alan Carrasco-Carballo
- Laboratorio de Elucidación y Síntesis en Química Orgánica, ICUAP-BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico
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16
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Radford RAW, Rayner SL, Szwaja P, Morsch M, Cheng F, Zhu T, Widagdo J, Anggono V, Pountney DL, Chung R, Lee A. Identification of phosphorylated tau protein interactors in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) reveals networks involved in protein degradation, stress response, cytoskeletal dynamics, metabolic processes, and neurotransmission. J Neurochem 2023; 165:563-586. [PMID: 36847488 PMCID: PMC10953353 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disease defined pathologically by the presence of insoluble phosphorylated-Tau (p-Tau) in neurons and glia. Identifying co-aggregating proteins within p-Tau inclusions may reveal important insights into processes affected by the aggregation of Tau. We used a proteomic approach, which combines antibody-mediated biotinylation and mass spectrometry (MS) to identify proteins proximal to p-Tau in PSP. Using this proof-of-concept workflow for identifying interacting proteins of interest, we characterized proteins proximal to p-Tau in PSP cases, identifying >84% of previously identified interaction partners of Tau and known modifiers of Tau aggregation, while 19 novel proteins not previously found associated with Tau were identified. Furthermore, our data also identified confidently assigned phosphorylation sites that have been previously reported on p-Tau. Additionally, using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and human RNA-seq datasets, we identified proteins previously associated with neurological disorders and pathways involved in protein degradation, stress responses, cytoskeletal dynamics, metabolism, and neurotransmission. Together, our study demonstrates the utility of biotinylation by antibody recognition (BAR) approach to answer a fundamental question to rapidly identify proteins in proximity to p-Tau from post-mortem tissue. The application of this workflow opens up the opportunity to identify novel protein targets to give us insight into the biological process at the onset and progression of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan A. W. Radford
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease ResearchMacquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversityNew South WalesNorth RydeAustralia
| | - Stephanie L. Rayner
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease ResearchMacquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversityNew South WalesNorth RydeAustralia
| | - Paulina Szwaja
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease ResearchMacquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversityNew South WalesNorth RydeAustralia
| | - Marco Morsch
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease ResearchMacquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversityNew South WalesNorth RydeAustralia
| | - Flora Cheng
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease ResearchMacquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversityNew South WalesNorth RydeAustralia
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandQueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Jocelyn Widagdo
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandQueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Victor Anggono
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandQueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Dean L. Pountney
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesGriffith UniversityQueenslandGold CoastAustralia
| | - Roger Chung
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease ResearchMacquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversityNew South WalesNorth RydeAustralia
| | - Albert Lee
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease ResearchMacquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversityNew South WalesNorth RydeAustralia
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17
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Li L, Yao W. The Therapeutic Potential of Salidroside for Parkinson's Disease. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:353-363. [PMID: 36130710 DOI: 10.1055/a-1948-3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurological disorder, is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. Its incidence increases with age. Salidroside, a phenolic compound extracted from Sedum roseum, reportedly has multiple biological and pharmacological activities in the nervous system. However, its effects on PD remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the effects of salidroside on PD with regard to DA metabolism, neuronal protection, and glial activation. In addition, we summarize the susceptibility genes and their underlying mechanisms related to antioxidation, inflammation, and autophagy by regulating mitochondrial function, ubiquitin, and multiple signaling pathways involving NF-κB, mTOR, and PI3K/Akt. Although recent studies were based on animal and cellular experiments, this review provides evidence for further clinical utilization of salidroside for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Physiology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenlong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Ballweg A, Klaus C, Vogler L, Katzdobler S, Wind K, Zatcepin A, Ziegler SI, Secgin B, Eckenweber F, Bohr B, Bernhardt A, Fietzek U, Rauchmann BS, Stoecklein S, Quach S, Beyer L, Scheifele M, Simmet M, Joseph E, Lindner S, Berg I, Koglin N, Mueller A, Stephens AW, Bartenstein P, Tonn JC, Albert NL, Kümpfel T, Kerschensteiner M, Perneczky R, Levin J, Paeger L, Herms J, Brendel M. [ 18F]F-DED PET imaging of reactive astrogliosis in neurodegenerative diseases: preclinical proof of concept and first-in-human data. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:68. [PMID: 36906584 PMCID: PMC10007845 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reactive gliosis is a common pathological hallmark of CNS pathology resulting from neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. In this study we investigate the capability of a novel monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) PET ligand to monitor reactive astrogliosis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer`s disease (AD). Furthermore, we performed a pilot study in patients with a range of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory conditions. METHODS A cross-sectional cohort of 24 transgenic (PS2APP) and 25 wild-type mice (age range: 4.3-21.0 months) underwent 60 min dynamic [18F]fluorodeprenyl-D2 ([18F]F-DED), static 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO, [18F]GE-180) and β-amyloid ([18F]florbetaben) PET imaging. Quantification was performed via image derived input function (IDIF, cardiac input), simplified non-invasive reference tissue modelling (SRTM2, DVR) and late-phase standardized uptake value ratios (SUVr). Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and MAO-B were performed to validate PET imaging by gold standard assessments. Patients belonging to the Alzheimer's disease continuum (AD, n = 2), Parkinson's disease (PD, n = 2), multiple system atrophy (MSA, n = 2), autoimmune encephalitis (n = 1), oligodendroglioma (n = 1) and one healthy control underwent 60 min dynamic [18F]F-DED PET and the data were analyzed using equivalent quantification strategies. RESULTS We selected the cerebellum as a pseudo-reference region based on the immunohistochemical comparison of age-matched PS2APP and WT mice. Subsequent PET imaging revealed that PS2APP mice showed elevated hippocampal and thalamic [18F]F-DED DVR when compared to age-matched WT mice at 5 months (thalamus: + 4.3%; p = 0.048), 13 months (hippocampus: + 7.6%, p = 0.022) and 19 months (hippocampus: + 12.3%, p < 0.0001; thalamus: + 15.2%, p < 0.0001). Specific [18F]F-DED DVR increases of PS2APP mice occurred earlier when compared to signal alterations in TSPO and β-amyloid PET and [18F]F-DED DVR correlated with quantitative immunohistochemistry (hippocampus: R = 0.720, p < 0.001; thalamus: R = 0.727, p = 0.002). Preliminary experience in patients showed [18F]F-DED VT and SUVr patterns, matching the expected topology of reactive astrogliosis in neurodegenerative (MSA) and neuroinflammatory conditions, whereas the patient with oligodendroglioma and the healthy control indicated [18F]F-DED binding following the known physiological MAO-B expression in brain. CONCLUSIONS [18F]F-DED PET imaging is a promising approach to assess reactive astrogliosis in AD mouse models and patients with neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ballweg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Klaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Letizia Vogler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Katzdobler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Wind
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Artem Zatcepin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle I Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Birkan Secgin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Eckenweber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Bohr
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Bernhardt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Urban Fietzek
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Stoecklein
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Quach
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scheifele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Simmet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Emanuel Joseph
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabella Berg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Joerg C Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Paeger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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19
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Raval NR, Wetherill RR, Wiers CE, Dubroff JG, Hillmer AT. Positron Emission Tomography of Neuroimmune Responses in Humans: Insights and Intricacies. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:213-229. [PMID: 36270830 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The brain's immune system plays a critical role in responding to immune challenges and maintaining homeostasis. However, dysregulated neuroimmune function contributes to neurodegenerative disease and neuropsychiatric conditions. In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the neuroimmune system has facilitated a greater understanding of its physiology and the pathology of some neuropsychiatric conditions. This review presents an in-depth look at PET findings from human neuroimmune function studies, highlighting their importance in current neuropsychiatric research. Although the majority of human PET studies feature radiotracers targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), this review also considers studies with other neuroimmune targets, including monoamine oxidase B, cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, and the purinergic P2X7 receptor. Promising new targets, such as colony-stimulating factor 1, Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, and the purinergic P2Y12 receptor, are also discussed. The significance of validating neuroimmune targets and understanding their function and expression is emphasized in this review to better identify and interpret PET results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul R Raval
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Reagan R Wetherill
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jacob G Dubroff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
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20
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Chatterjee P, Doré V, Pedrini S, Krishnadas N, Thota R, Bourgeat P, Ikonomovic MD, Rainey-Smith SR, Burnham SC, Fowler C, Taddei K, Mulligan R, Ames D, Masters CL, Fripp J, Rowe CC, Martins RN, Villemagne VL. Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Is Associated with 18F-SMBT-1 PET: Two Putative Astrocyte Reactivity Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:615-628. [PMID: 36776057 PMCID: PMC10041433 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocyte reactivity is an early event along the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), posited to reflect astrocyte reactivity, is elevated across the AD continuum from preclinical to dementia stages. Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) is also elevated in reactive astrocytes observed using 18F-SMBT-1 PET in AD. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the abovementioned astrocyte reactivity biomarkers. METHODS Plasma GFAP and Aβ were measured using the Simoa ® platform in participants who underwent brain 18F-SMBT-1 and Aβ-PET imaging, comprising 54 healthy control (13 Aβ-PET+ and 41 Aβ-PET-), 11 mild cognitively impaired (3 Aβ-PET+ and 8 Aβ-PET-) and 6 probable AD (5 Aβ-PET+ and 1 Aβ-PET-) individuals. Linear regressions were used to assess associations of interest. RESULTS Plasma GFAP was associated with 18F-SMBT-1 signal in brain regions prone to early Aβ deposition in AD, such as the supramarginal gyrus (SG), posterior cingulate (PC), lateral temporal (LT) and lateral occipital cortex (LO). After adjusting for age, sex, APOE ɛ4 genotype, and soluble Aβ (plasma Aβ 42/40 ratio), plasma GFAP was associated with 18F-SMBT-1 signal in the SG, PC, LT, LO, and superior parietal cortex (SP). On adjusting for age, sex, APOE ɛ4 genotype and insoluble Aβ (Aβ-PET), plasma GFAP was associated with 18F-SMBT-1 signal in the SG. CONCLUSION There is an association between plasma GFAP and regional 18F-SMBT-1 PET, and this association appears to be dependent on brain Aβ load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vincent Doré
- The Australian eHealth Research Centre, CSIRO, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Pedrini
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natasha Krishnadas
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rohith Thota
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pierrick Bourgeat
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, The Australian eHealth Research Centre, Queensland, Australia
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha C Burnham
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, The Australian eHealth Research Centre, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher Fowler
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rachel Mulligan
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jürgen Fripp
- The Australian eHealth Research Centre, CSIRO, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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21
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Attenuation of hyperglycemia-associated dyslipidemic, oxidative, cognitive, and inflammatory crises via modulation of neuronal ChEs/NF-κB/COX-2/NOx, and hepatorenal functional deficits by the Tridax procumbens extract. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114114. [PMID: 36525818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tridax procumbens (cotton buttons) is a flowering plant with a medicinal reputation for treating infections, wounds, diabetes, and liver and kidney diseases. The present research was conducted to evaluate the possible protective effects of the T. procumbens methanolic extract (TPME) on an experimentally induced type 2 diabetes rat model. Wistar rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes were randomly allocated into five groups of five animals each, viz., a normal glycemic group (I), diabetic rats receiving distilled water group (II), diabetic rats with 150 (III) and 300 mg/kg of TPME (IV) groups, and diabetic rats with 100 mg/kg metformin group (V). All treatments were administered for 21 consecutive days through oral gavage. Results: Administration of the T. procumbens extract to diabetic rats significantly restored alterations in levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight loss, serum and pancreatic insulin levels, and pancreatic histology. Furthermore, T. procumbens significantly attenuated the dyslipidemia (increased cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in diabetic rats), serum biochemical alterations (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, uric acid, and urea) and full blood count distortion in rats with STZ-induced diabetes. The TPME also improved the antioxidant status as evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA); and decreased levels of cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)), and proinflammatory mediators including nuclear factor (NF)-κB, cyclooxygenase (COX)- 2, and nitrogen oxide (NOx) in the brain of rats with STZ-induced diabetes compared to rats with STZ-induced diabetes that received distilled water. However, TPME treatment failed to attenuate the elevated monoamine oxidases and decreased dopamine levels in the brain of rats with STZ-induced diabetes. Extract characterization by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identified isorhamnetin (retention time (RT)= 3.69 min, 8.8%), bixin (RT: 25.06 min, 4.72%), and lupeol (RT: 25.25 min, 2.88%) as the three most abundant bioactive compounds that could be responsible for the bioactivity of the plant. In conclusion, the TPME can be considered a promising alternative therapeutic option for managing diabetic complications owing to its antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects in rats with STZ-prompted diabetes.
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22
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Zhang J, Jin J, Su D, Feng T, Zhao H. Tau-PET imaging in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1145939. [PMID: 37181568 PMCID: PMC10174250 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1145939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pathological tau accumulates in the cerebral cortex of Parkinson's disease (PD), resulting in cognitive deterioration. Positron emission tomography (PET) can be used for in vivo imaging of tau protein. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of tau protein burden in PD cognitive impairment (PDCI), PD dementia (PDD), and other neurodegenerative diseases and explored the potential of the tau PET tracer as a biomarker for the diagnosis of PDCI. Methods PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published till 1 June 2022 that used PET imaging to detect tau burden in the brains of PD patients. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) of tau tracer uptake were calculated using random effects models. Subgroup analysis based on the type of tau tracers, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results A total of 15 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. PDCI patients (n = 109) had a significantly higher tau tracer uptake in the inferior temporal lobe than healthy controls (HCs) (n = 237) and had a higher tau tracer uptake in the entorhinal region than PD with normal cognition (PDNC) patients (n = 61). Compared with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients (n = 215), PD patients (n = 178) had decreased tau tracer uptake in the midbrain, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, cerebellar deep white matter, thalamus, striatum, substantia nigra, dentate nucleus, red nucleus, putamen, and frontal lobe. Tau tracer uptake values of PD patients (n = 178) were lower than those of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 122) in the frontal lobe and occipital lobe and lower than those in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (n = 55) in the occipital lobe and infratemporal lobe. Conclusion In vivo imaging studies with PET could reveal region-specific binding patterns of the tau tracer in PD patients and help in the differential diagnosis of PD from other neurodegenerative diseases. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Jin
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongning Su
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Feng
| | - Huiqing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Huiqing Zhao
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23
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Kim J, Kim YK. Molecular Imaging of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:301-326. [PMID: 36949316 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurocognitive disorder. Due to the ineffectiveness of treatments targeting the amyloid cascade, molecular biomarkers for neuroinflammation are attracting attention with increasing knowledge about the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of AD. This chapter will explore the results of studies using molecular imaging for diagnosing AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Because it is critical to interpreting the data to understand which substances are targeted in molecular imaging, this chapter will discuss the two most significant targets, microglia and astrocytes, as well as the best-known radioligands for each. Then, neuroimaging results with PET neuroinflammation imaging will be reviewed for AD and MCI. Although a growing body of evidence has suggested that these molecular imaging biomarkers for neuroinflammation may have a role in the diagnosis of AD and MCI, the findings are inconsistent or cross-sectional, which indicates that it is difficult to apply the contents in practice due to the need for additional study. In particular, because the results of multiple interventions targeting neuroinflammation were inconclusive, molecular imaging markers for neuroinflammation can be used in combination with conventional markers to select appropriate patients for early intervention for neuroinflammation rather than as a single marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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Nisha Aji K, Meyer JH, Rusjan PM, Mizrahi R. Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO-B): A Target for Rational Drug Development in Schizophrenia Using PET Imaging as an Example. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 30:335-362. [PMID: 36928857 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21054-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is an important high-density enzyme involved in the generation of oxidative stress and central in the catabolism of dopamine, particularly in brain subcortical regions with putative implications in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this chapter, we review postmortem studies, preclinical models, and peripheral and genetic studies implicating MAO-B in psychosis. A literature search in PubMed was conducted and 64 studies were found to be eligible for systematic review. We found that MAO-B could be identified as a potential target in schizophrenia. Evidence comes mostly from studies of peripheral markers, showing reduced platelet MAO-B activity in schizophrenia, together with preclinical results from MAO-B knock-out mice resulting in a hyperdopaminergic state and behavioral disinhibition. However, whether brain MAO-B is altered in vivo in patients with schizophrenia remains unknown. We therefore review methodological studies involving MAO-B positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands used to quantify MAO-B in vivo in the human brain. Given the limitations of currently available treatments for schizophrenia, elucidating whether MAO-B could be used as a target for risk stratification or clinical staging in schizophrenia could allow for a rational search for newer antipsychotics and the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankana Nisha Aji
- Douglas Research Centre, Clinical and Translational Sciences Lab, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo M Rusjan
- Douglas Research Centre, Clinical and Translational Sciences Lab, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Douglas Research Centre, Clinical and Translational Sciences Lab, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Gasmi A, Nasreen A, Menzel A, Gasmi Benahmed A, Pivina L, Noor S, Peana M, Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G. Neurotransmitters Regulation and Food Intake: The Role of Dietary Sources in Neurotransmission. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010210. [PMID: 36615404 PMCID: PMC9822089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters (NTs) are biologically active chemicals, which mediate the electrochemical transmission between neurons. NTs control numerous organic functions particularly crucial for life, including movement, emotional responses, and the physical ability to feel pleasure and pain. These molecules are synthesized from simple, very common precursors. Many types of NTs have both excitatory and inhibitory effects. Neurotransmitters' imbalance can cause many diseases and disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, depression, insomnia, increased anxiety, memory loss, etc. Natural food sources containing NTs and/or their precursors would be a potential option to help maintain the balance of NTs to prevent brain and psychiatric disorders. The level of NTs could be influenced, therefore, by targeting dietary habits and nutritional regimens. The progressive implementation of nutritional approaches in clinical practice has made it necessary to infer more about some of the nutritional NTs in neuropsychiatry. However, the importance of the intake of nutritional NTs requires further understanding, since there are no prior significant studies about their bioavailability, clinical significance, and effects on nerve cells. Interventional strategies supported by evidence should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aniqa Nasreen
- Department of Physiology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Alain Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg
| | - Asma Gasmi Benahmed
- Académie Internationale de Médecine Dentaire Intégrative, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Lyudmila Pivina
- Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Semey Medical University, 071400 Semey, Kazakhstan
- CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, 071400 Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Sàdaf Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, Strada Le Grazie 9, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
- Correspondence:
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Mukherjee J, Ladwa RM, Liang C, Syed AU. Elevated Monoamine Oxidase-A in Anterior Cingulate of Post-Mortem Human Parkinson's Disease: A Potential Surrogate Biomarker for Lewy Bodies? Cells 2022; 11:cells11244000. [PMID: 36552764 PMCID: PMC9777299 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lewy bodies (LB) play a neuropathological role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Our goal was to evaluate LB using anti-ubiquitin immunohistochemistry (UIHC) and find correlations with monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) using imaging agent, [18F]FAZIN3. Human post-mortem anterior cingulate (AC) and corpus callosum (CC) from control subjects (CN), n = 6; age 81-90 LB = 0 and PD, n = 6, age 77-89, LB = III-IV were sectioned (10 μm slices). Brain slices were immunostained with anti-ubiquitin for LB (UIHC) and analyzed using QuPath for percent anti-ubiquitin per unit area (μm2). Adjacent brain slices were incubated with [18F]FAZIN3 and cortical layers I-III, IV-VI and CC (white matter) regions were quantified for the binding of [18F]FAZIN3. UIHC was correlated with [18F]FAZIN3 binding. All PD brains were positively UIHC stained and confirmed presence of LB. Outer cortical layers (I-III) of PD AC had 21% UIHC while inner layers (IV-VI) had >75% UIHC. In the CN brains LB were absent (<1% UIHC). Increased [18F]FAZIN3 binding to MAO-A in AC was observed in all PD subjects. [18F]FAZIN3 ratio in PD was AC/CC = 3.57 while in CN subjects it was AC/CC = 2.24. Increases in UIHC μm2 correlated with [18F]FAZIN3 binding to MAO-A in DLU/mm2. Increased [18F]FAZIN3 binding to MAO-A in PD is a potential novel "hot spot" PET imaging approach.
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Dohnalová L, Lundgren P, Carty JRE, Goldstein N, Wenski SL, Nanudorn P, Thiengmag S, Huang KP, Litichevskiy L, Descamps HC, Chellappa K, Glassman A, Kessler S, Kim J, Cox TO, Dmitrieva-Posocco O, Wong AC, Allman EL, Ghosh S, Sharma N, Sengupta K, Cornes B, Dean N, Churchill GA, Khurana TS, Sellmyer MA, FitzGerald GA, Patterson AD, Baur JA, Alhadeff AL, Helfrich EJN, Levy M, Betley JN, Thaiss CA. A microbiome-dependent gut-brain pathway regulates motivation for exercise. Nature 2022; 612:739-747. [PMID: 36517598 PMCID: PMC11162758 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exercise exerts a wide range of beneficial effects for healthy physiology1. However, the mechanisms regulating an individual's motivation to engage in physical activity remain incompletely understood. An important factor stimulating the engagement in both competitive and recreational exercise is the motivating pleasure derived from prolonged physical activity, which is triggered by exercise-induced neurochemical changes in the brain. Here, we report on the discovery of a gut-brain connection in mice that enhances exercise performance by augmenting dopamine signalling during physical activity. We find that microbiome-dependent production of endocannabinoid metabolites in the gut stimulates the activity of TRPV1-expressing sensory neurons and thereby elevates dopamine levels in the ventral striatum during exercise. Stimulation of this pathway improves running performance, whereas microbiome depletion, peripheral endocannabinoid receptor inhibition, ablation of spinal afferent neurons or dopamine blockade abrogate exercise capacity. These findings indicate that the rewarding properties of exercise are influenced by gut-derived interoceptive circuits and provide a microbiome-dependent explanation for interindividual variability in exercise performance. Our study also suggests that interoceptomimetic molecules that stimulate the transmission of gut-derived signals to the brain may enhance the motivation for exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Dohnalová
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Bio Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, and LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick Lundgren
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jamie R E Carty
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nitsan Goldstein
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sebastian L Wenski
- Institute for Molecular Bio Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, and LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pakjira Nanudorn
- Institute for Molecular Bio Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, and LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sirinthra Thiengmag
- Institute for Molecular Bio Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, and LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Lev Litichevskiy
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hélène C Descamps
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ana Glassman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susanne Kessler
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy O Cox
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oxana Dmitrieva-Posocco
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea C Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erik L Allman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nitika Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kasturi Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tejvir S Khurana
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark A Sellmyer
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amber L Alhadeff
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric J N Helfrich
- Institute for Molecular Bio Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, and LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maayan Levy
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Nicholas Betley
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Blinova E, Turovsky E, Eliseikina E, Igrunkova A, Semeleva E, Golodnev G, Termulaeva R, Vasilkina O, Skachilova S, Mazov Y, Zhandarov K, Simakina E, Belanov K, Zalogin S, Blinov D. Novel Hydroxypyridine Compound Protects Brain Cells against Ischemic Damage In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12953. [PMID: 36361739 PMCID: PMC9655885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A non-surgical pharmacological approach to control cellular vitality and functionality during ischemic and/or reperfusion-induced phases of strokes remains extremely important. The synthesis of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium gammalactone-2,3-dehydro-L-gulonate (3-EA) was performed using a topochemical reaction. The cell-protective effects of 3-EA were studied on a model of glutamate excitotoxicity (GluTox) and glucose-oxygen deprivation (OGD) in a culture of NMRI mice cortical cells. Ca2+ dynamics was studied using fluorescent bioimaging and a Fura-2 probe, cell viability was assessed using cytochemical staining with propidium iodide, and gene expression was assessed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The compound anti-ischemic efficacy in vivo was evaluated on a model of irreversible middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Brain morphological changes and antioxidant capacity were assessed one week after the pathology onset. The severity of neurological disorder was evaluated dynamically. 3-EA suppressed cortical cell death in a dose-dependent manner under the excitotoxic effect of glutamate and ischemia/reoxygenation. Pre-incubation of cerebral cortex cells with 10-100 µM 3-EA led to significant stagnation in Ca2+ concentration in a cytosol ([Ca2+]i) of neurons and astrocytes suffering GluTox and OGD. Decreasing intracellular Ca2+ and establishing a lower [Ca2+]i baseline inhibited necrotic cell death in an acute experiment. The mechanism of 3-EA cytoprotective action involved changes in the baseline and ischemia/reoxygenation-induced expression of genes encoding anti-apoptotic proteins and proteins of the oxidative status; this led to inhibition of the late irreversible stages of apoptosis. Incubation of brain cortex cells with 3-EA induced an overexpression of the anti-apoptotic genes BCL-2, STAT3, and SOCS3, whereas the expression of genes regulating necrosis and inflammation (TRAIL, MLKL, Cas-1, Cas-3, IL-1β and TNFa) were suppressed. 3-EA 18.0 mg/kg intravenous daily administration for 7 days following MCA occlusion preserved rats' cortex neuron population, decreased the severity of neurological deficit, and spared antioxidant capacity of damaged tissues. 3-EA demonstrated proven short-term anti-ischemic activity in vivo and in vitro, which can be associated with antioxidant activity and the ability to target necrotic and apoptotic death. The compound may be considered a potential neuroprotective molecule for further pre-clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Blinova
- Department of Clinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Department of Pharmaceutics Technology and Pharmacology, Sechenov University, 8/1 Trubetzkaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPHI, 31, Kashirskoe Highway, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Turovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 3 Institutskaya Street, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Elena Eliseikina
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pathology, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 68 Bolshevistskaya Street, 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Alexandra Igrunkova
- Department of Clinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Department of Pharmaceutics Technology and Pharmacology, Sechenov University, 8/1 Trubetzkaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Semeleva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pathology, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 68 Bolshevistskaya Street, 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Grigorii Golodnev
- Department of Clinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Department of Pharmaceutics Technology and Pharmacology, Sechenov University, 8/1 Trubetzkaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rita Termulaeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, All-Union Research Center for Biological Active Compounds Safety, 23 Kirova Street, 142450 Staraja Kupavna, Russia
| | - Olga Vasilkina
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPHI, 31, Kashirskoe Highway, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofia Skachilova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, All-Union Research Center for Biological Active Compounds Safety, 23 Kirova Street, 142450 Staraja Kupavna, Russia
| | - Yan Mazov
- Department of Clinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Department of Pharmaceutics Technology and Pharmacology, Sechenov University, 8/1 Trubetzkaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Zhandarov
- Department of Clinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Department of Pharmaceutics Technology and Pharmacology, Sechenov University, 8/1 Trubetzkaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Simakina
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, All-Union Research Center for Biological Active Compounds Safety, 23 Kirova Street, 142450 Staraja Kupavna, Russia
| | - Konstantin Belanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmacology, Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, 127051 Moscow, Russia
| | - Saveliy Zalogin
- Department of Clinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Department of Pharmaceutics Technology and Pharmacology, Sechenov University, 8/1 Trubetzkaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Blinov
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, All-Union Research Center for Biological Active Compounds Safety, 23 Kirova Street, 142450 Staraja Kupavna, Russia
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Zou X, Gao S, Li J, Li C, Wu C, Cao X, Xia S, Shao P, Bao X, Yang H, Liu P, Xu Y. A monoamine oxidase B inhibitor ethyl ferulate suppresses microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and alleviates ischemic brain injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1004215. [PMID: 36313349 PMCID: PMC9608666 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1004215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident macrophages in the brain, which play a critical role in post-stroke neuroinflammation. Accordingly, targeting neuroinflammation could be a promising strategy to improve ischemic stroke outcomes. Ethyl ferulate (EF) has been confirmed to possess anti-inflammatory properties in several disease models, including acute lung injury, retinal damage and diabetes-associated renal injury. However, the effects of EF on microglial activation and the resolution of post-stroke neuroinflammation remains unknown. Here, we found that EF suppressed pro-inflammatory response triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in primary microglia and BV2 cell lines, as well as post-stroke neuroinflammation in an in vivo transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) stroke model in C57BL/6 mice, consequently ameliorating ischemic brain injury. Furthermore, EF could directly bind and inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) to reduce pro-inflammatory response. Taken together, our study identified a MAO-B inhibitor, Ethyl ferulate, as an active compound with promising potentials for suppressing post-stroke neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenggang Li
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Shao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pinyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Pinyi Liu, ; Yun Xu,
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Pinyi Liu, ; Yun Xu,
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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Shamoto-Nagai M. Neuroprotective Function of Rasagiline and Selegiline, Inhibitors of Type B Monoamine Oxidase, and Role of Monoamine Oxidases in Synucleinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911059. [PMID: 36232361 PMCID: PMC9570229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders caused by the accumulation of toxic species of α-synuclein. The common clinical features are chronic progressive decline of motor, cognitive, behavioral, and autonomic functions. They include Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy body, and multiple system atrophy. Their etiology has not been clarified and multiple pathogenic factors include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein degradation systems, and neuroinflammation. Current available therapy cannot prevent progressive neurodegeneration and “disease-modifying or neuroprotective” therapy has been proposed. This paper presents the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection by the inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase, rasagiline and selegiline. They prevent mitochondrial apoptosis, induce anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein family, and pro-survival brain- and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors. They also prevent toxic oligomerization and aggregation of α-synuclein. Monoamine oxidase is involved in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection, independently of the catalytic activity. Type A monoamine oxidases mediates rasagiline-activated signaling pathways to induce neuroprotective genes in neuronal cells. Multi-targeting propargylamine derivatives have been developed for therapy in various neurodegenerative diseases. Preclinical studies have presented neuroprotection of rasagiline and selegiline, but beneficial effects have been scarcely presented. Strategy to improve clinical trials is discussed to achieve disease-modification in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-05-6173-1111 (ext. 3494); Fax: +81-561-731-142
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Horimoto Y, Hayashi E, Okamura N, Inagaki A, Yasui K, Uchida Y, Ito Y, Iida A, Sato C, Anan C, Suzuki A, Tajima T, Hibino H, Kabasawa H, Matsukawa N. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle in Early Stage of Multiple System Atrophy: A THK5351 PET Study. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1957-1959. [PMID: 35838595 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Horimoto
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Emi Hayashi
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aki Inagaki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keizo Yasui
- Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuto Uchida
- Department of Neurology, Toyokawa City Hospital, Toyokawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Iida
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chikako Sato
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chise Anan
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayuko Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Tajima
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hibino
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kabasawa
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
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Wang X, Yin Z, Meng X, Yang D, Meng H, Liao C, Wei L, Chen Y, Yang X, Han J, Duan Y, Zhang S. Daidzein alleviates neuronal damage and oxidative stress via GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway in mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Revisiting the Role of Astrocytic MAOB in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084453. [PMID: 35457272 PMCID: PMC9028367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase-B (MAOB) has been believed to mediate the degradation of monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine. However, this traditional belief has been challenged by demonstrating that it is not MAOB but MAOA which mediates dopamine degradation. Instead, MAOB mediates the aberrant synthesis of GABA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in reactive astrocytes of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Astrocytic GABA tonically suppresses the dopaminergic neuronal activity, whereas H2O2 aggravates astrocytic reactivity and dopaminergic neuronal death. Recently discovered reversible MAOB inhibitors reduce reactive astrogliosis and restore dopaminergic neuronal activity to alleviate PD symptoms in rodents. In this perspective, we redefine the role of MAOB for the aberrant suppression and deterioration of dopaminergic neurons through excessive GABA and H2O2 synthesis of reactive astrocytes in PD.
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Meyer JH, Braga J. Development and Clinical Application of Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Agents for Monoamine Oxidase B. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:773404. [PMID: 35280341 PMCID: PMC8914088 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.773404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is a high-density protein in the brain mainly found on outer mitochondrial membranes, primarily in astroglia, but additionally in serotonergic neurons and in the substantia nigra in the midbrain. It is an enzyme that participates in the oxidative metabolism of important monoamines including dopamine, norepinephrine, benzylamine, and phenylethylamine. Elevated MAO-B density may be associated with astrogliosis and inhibiting MAO-B may reduce astrogliosis. MAO-B density is elevated in postmortem sampling of pathology for many neuropsychiatric diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and alcohol use disorder. Initial development of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents focused on analogs of [11C]L-deprenyl, with the most commonly applied being the deuterium substituted [11C]L-deprenyl-D2. This latter radiotracer was modeled with an irreversible trapping compartment reflecting its irreversible binding to MAO-B. Subsequently, [11C]SL25.1188, a reversible binding MAO-B radioligand with outstanding properties including high specific binding and excellent reversibility was developed. [11C]SL25.1188 PET was applied to discover a substantive elevation of MAO-B binding in the prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder (MDD) with an effect size of more than 1.5. Longer duration of MDD was associated with greater MAO-B binding throughout most gray matter regions in the brain, suggesting progressive astrogliosis. Important applications of [11C]L-deprenyl-D2 PET are detecting a 40% loss in radiotracer accumulation in cigarette smokers, and substantial occupancy of novel therapeutics like EVT301 and sembragiline. Given the number of diseases with elevations of MAO-B density and astrogliosis, and the advance of [11C]SL25.1188, clinical applications of MAO-B imaging are still at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H. Meyer
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey H. Meyer,
| | - Joeffre Braga
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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35
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Harada R, Furumoto S, Kudo Y, Yanai K, Villemagne VL, Okamura N. Imaging of Reactive Astrogliosis by Positron Emission Tomography. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:807435. [PMID: 35210989 PMCID: PMC8862631 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.807435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases are neuropathologically characterized by neuronal loss, gliosis, and the deposition of misfolded proteins such as β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In postmortem AD brains, reactive astrocytes and activated microglia are observed surrounding Aβ plaques and tau tangles. These activated glial cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, which may contribute to neurodegeneration. Therefore, in vivo imaging of glial response by positron emission tomography (PET) combined with Aβ and tau PET would provide new insights to better understand the disease process, as well as aid in the differential diagnosis, and monitoring glial response disease-specific therapeutics. There are two promising targets proposed for imaging reactive astrogliosis: monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) and imidazoline2 binding site (I2BS), which are predominantly expressed in the mitochondrial membranes of astrocytes and are upregulated in various neurodegenerative conditions. PET tracers targeting these two MAO-B and I2BS have been evaluated in humans. [18F]THK-5351, which was originally designed to target tau aggregates in AD, showed high affinity for MAO-B and clearly visualized reactive astrocytes in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). However, the lack of selectivity of [18F]THK-5351 binding to both MAO-B and tau, severely limits its clinical utility as a biomarker. Recently, [18F]SMBT-1 was developed as a selective and reversible MAO-B PET tracer via compound optimization of [18F]THK-5351. In this review, we summarize the strategy underlying molecular imaging of reactive astrogliosis and clinical studies using MAO-B and I2BS PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Harada
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ryuichi Harada,
| | - Shozo Furumoto
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukitsuka Kudo
- Department of New Therapeutics Innovation for Alzheimer’s and Dementia, Institute of Development and Aging, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Victor L. Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
- Nobuyuki Okamura,
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36
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Gouda NA, Elkamhawy A, Cho J. Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Parkinson’s Disease and Future Prospects: A 2021 Update. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020371. [PMID: 35203580 PMCID: PMC8962417 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder pathologically distinguished by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Muscle rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia are all clinical motor hallmarks of PD. Several pathways have been implicated in PD etiology, including mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein clearance, and neuroinflammation, but how these factors interact remains incompletely understood. Although many breakthroughs in PD therapy have been accomplished, there is currently no cure for PD, only trials to alleviate the related motor symptoms. To reduce or stop the clinical progression and mobility impairment, a disease-modifying approach that can directly target the etiology rather than offering symptomatic alleviation remains a major unmet clinical need in the management of PD. In this review, we briefly introduce current treatments and pathophysiology of PD. In addition, we address the novel innovative therapeutic targets for PD therapy, including α-synuclein, autophagy, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and others. Several immunomodulatory approaches and stem cell research currently in clinical trials with PD patients are also discussed. Moreover, preclinical studies and clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of novel and repurposed therapeutic agents and their pragmatic applications with encouraging outcomes are summarized. Finally, molecular biomarkers under active investigation are presented as potentially valuable tools for early PD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A. Gouda
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (A.E.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence:
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37
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Ren Y, Jiang H, Pu J, Li L, Wu J, Yan Y, Zhao G, Guttuso TJ, Zhang B, Feng J. Molecular Features of Parkinson's Disease in Patient-Derived Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons. Mov Disord 2022; 37:70-79. [PMID: 34564901 PMCID: PMC8901260 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite intense efforts to develop an objective diagnostic test for Parkinson's disease, there is still no consensus on biomarkers that can accurately diagnose the disease. OBJECTIVE Identification of biomarkers for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) may enable accurate diagnosis of the disease. We tried to find molecular and cellular differences in dopaminergic (DA) neurons derived from healthy subjects and idiopathic PD patients with or without rest tremor at onset. METHODS We measured the expression of genes controlling dopamine synthesis, sequestration, and catabolism as well as the levels of corresponding metabolites and reactive oxygen species in midbrain DA neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of healthy subjects and PD patients with or without rest tremor. RESULTS Significant differences in DA-related gene expression, metabolites, and oxidative stress were found between midbrain DA neurons derived from healthy subjects and patients with PD. DA neurons derived from PD patients with or without rest tremor at onset exhibited significant differences in the levels of some of these transcripts, metabolites, and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The unique combination of these quantifiable molecular and cellular traits in iPSC-derived midbrain DA neurons can distinguish healthy subjects from idiopathic PD patients and segregate PD patients with or without rest tremor at onset. The strategy may be used to develop an objective diagnostic test for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ren
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Houbo Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jiali Pu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA,Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas J. Guttuso
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Correspondence to: Prof. Jian Feng, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA, ; or Prof. Baorong Zhang, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China;
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA,Correspondence to: Prof. Jian Feng, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA, ; or Prof. Baorong Zhang, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China;
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38
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Gill T, Watling SE, Richardson JD, McCluskey T, Tong J, Meyer JH, Warsh J, Jetly R, Hutchison MG, Rhind SG, Houle S, Vasdev N, Kish SJ, Boileau I. Imaging of astrocytes in posttraumatic stress disorder: A PET study with the monoamine oxidase B radioligand [ 11C]SL25.1188. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 54:54-61. [PMID: 34773851 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health condition that results from exposure to traumatic event(s). Decreased astrocyte-related proteins (e.g., glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) and atrophic astrocytes in corticolimbic brain areas implicated in PTSD have been reported in experimental models suggesting that astrocyte pathology may be a feature of this disorder. We used positron emission tomography (PET) of the monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B probe [11C]SL25.1188 to test the hypothesis that levels of MAO-B, an index of astrocyte levels is decreased in PTSD. MAO-B availability ([11C]SL25.1188 distribution volume) was measured in 13 participants with PTSD (∼39 years, 6F) and 17 healthy controls (HC) (∼31 years, 9F). A magnetic resonance image was acquired to delineate 6 cortiolimbic brain regions. PTSD was associated with a trending reduction in [11C]SL25.1188 availability across regions (8-17%; p = 0.067) implicating the ventral striatum (p uncorrected = 0.015) and medial prefrontal cortex (p uncorrected = 0.060). [11C]SL25.1188 availability was ∼30% lower in corticolimbic regions in PTSD with co-morbid major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 4) vs HC (p = 0.001) and vs PTSD without MDD (p = 0.005). Our preliminary results do not suggest astrogliosis (inferred from elevated availability) in PTSD, but rather point to a loss of astrocytes or an independent downregulation of MAO-B in PTSD with more severe negative affect. These exploratory findings, which are partly in line with preclinical literature and recent PET observations of decreased microglia marker, Translocator Protein, in PTSD, warrant replication in a larger PTSD cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talwinder Gill
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah E Watling
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Don Richardson
- The MacDonald Franklin OSI Research Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; St Joseph's, London OSI, Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tina McCluskey
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerry Warsh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rakesh Jetly
- Directorate of Mental Health, Canadian Forces Health Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michael G Hutchison
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; David L. MacIntosh Sport Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn G Rhind
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Kish
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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39
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Chen Z, Haider A, Chen J, Xiao Z, Gobbi L, Honer M, Grether U, Arnold SE, Josephson L, Liang SH. The Repertoire of Small-Molecule PET Probes for Neuroinflammation Imaging: Challenges and Opportunities beyond TSPO. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17656-17689. [PMID: 34905377 PMCID: PMC9094091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an adaptive response of the central nervous system to diverse potentially injurious stimuli, which is closely associated with neurodegeneration and typically characterized by activation of microglia and astrocytes. As a noninvasive and translational molecular imaging tool, positron emission tomography (PET) could provide a better understanding of neuroinflammation and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. Ligands to translator protein (TSPO), a putative marker of neuroinflammation, have been the most commonly studied in this context, but they suffer from serious limitations. Herein we present a repertoire of different structural chemotypes and novel PET ligand design for classical and emerging neuroinflammatory targets beyond TSPO. We believe that this Perspective will support multidisciplinary collaborations in academic and industrial institutions working on neuroinflammation and facilitate the progress of neuroinflammation PET probe development for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Luca Gobbi
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Honer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Grether
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven E. Arnold
- Department of Neurology and the Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
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Liu Y, Jiang H, Qin X, Tian M, Zhang H. PET imaging of reactive astrocytes in neurological disorders. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:1275-1287. [PMID: 34873637 PMCID: PMC8921128 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The reactive astrocytes manifest molecular, structural, and functional remodeling in injury, infection, or diseases of the CNS, which play a critical role in the pathological mechanism of neurological diseases. A growing need exists for dependable approach to better characterize the activation of astrocyte in vivo. As an advanced molecular imaging technology, positron emission tomography (PET) has the potential for visualizing biological activities at the cellular levels. In the review, we summarized the PET visualization strategies for reactive astrocytes and discussed the applications of astrocyte PET imaging in neurological diseases. Future studies are needed to pay more attention to the development of specific imaging agents for astrocytes and further improve our exploration of reactive astrocytes in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Jiang
- PET-CT Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiyi Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China. .,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China. .,Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. .,College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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41
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Chun H, Lim J, Park KD, Lee CJ. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase B prevents reactive astrogliosis and scar formation in stab wound injury model. Glia 2021; 70:354-367. [PMID: 34713936 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes manifest molecular, structural, and functional alterations under various pathological conditions. We have previously demonstrated that the reactive astrocytes of the stab wound injury model (STAB) display aberrant cellular gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and tonic GABA release, whereas the active astrocytes under enriched environment (EE) express high levels of proBDNF. However, the role of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in reactive astrogliosis and hypertrophy still remains unknown. Here, we investigate the role of MAO-B, a GABA-producing enzyme, in reactive astrogliosis in STAB. We observed that the genetic removal of MAO-B significantly reduced the hypertrophy, scar formation, and GABA production of reactive astrocytes, whereas the MAO-B overexpression under glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter enhanced the levels of GFAP and GABA. Furthermore, we found that one of the by-products of the MAO-B action, H2 O2 , but not GABA, was sufficient and necessary for the hypertrophy of reactive astrocytes. Notably, we identified two potent pharmacological tools to attenuate scar-forming astrogliosis-the recently developed reversible MAO-B inhibitor, KDS2010, and an H2 O2 scavenger, crisdesalazine (AAD-2004). Our results implicate that inhibiting MAO-B activity has dual beneficial effects in preventing astrogliosis and scar-formation under brain injury, and that the MAO-B/H2 O2 pathway can be a useful therapeutic target with a high clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Chun
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Lim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Med Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Riederer P, Monoranu C, Strobel S, Iordache T, Sian-Hülsmann J. Iron as the concert master in the pathogenic orchestra playing in sporadic Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1577-1598. [PMID: 34636961 PMCID: PMC8507512 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
About 60 years ago, the discovery of a deficiency of dopamine in the nigro-striatal system led to a variety of symptomatic therapeutic strategies to supplement dopamine and to substantially improve the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Since these seminal developments, neuropathological, neurochemical, molecular biological and genetic discoveries contributed to elucidate the pathology of PD. Oxidative stress, the consequences of reactive oxidative species, reduced antioxidative capacity including loss of glutathione, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, proteasomal dysfunction, apoptosis, lysosomal dysfunction, autophagy, suggested to be causal for ɑ-synuclein fibril formation and aggregation and contributing to neuroinflammation and neural cell death underlying this devastating disorder. However, there are no final conclusions about the triggered pathological mechanism(s) and the follow-up of pathological dysfunctions. Nevertheless, it is a fact, that iron, a major component of oxidative reactions, as well as neuromelanin, the major intraneuronal chelator of iron, undergo an age-dependent increase. And ageing is a major risk factor for PD. Iron is significantly increased in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of PD. Reasons for this finding include disturbances in iron-related import and export mechanisms across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), localized opening of the BBB at the nigro-striatal tract including brain vessel pathology. Whether this pathology is of primary or secondary importance is not known. We assume that there is a better fit to the top-down hypotheses and pathogens entering the brain via the olfactory system, then to the bottom-up (gut-brain) hypothesis of PD pathology. Triggers for the bottom-up, the dual-hit and the top-down pathologies include chemicals, viruses and bacteria. If so, hepcidin, a regulator of iron absorption and its distribution into tissues, is suggested to play a major role in the pathogenesis of iron dyshomeostasis and risk for initiating and progressing ɑ-synuclein pathology. The role of glial components to the pathology of PD is still unknown. However, the dramatic loss of glutathione (GSH), which is mainly synthesized in glia, suggests dysfunction of this process, or GSH uptake into neurons. Loss of GSH and increase in SNpc iron concentration have been suggested to be early, may be even pre-symptomatic processes in the pathology of PD, despite the fact that they are progression factors. The role of glial ferritin isoforms has not been studied so far in detail in human post-mortem brain tissue and a close insight into their role in PD is called upon. In conclusion, "iron" is a major player in the pathology of PD. Selective chelation of excess iron at the site of the substantia nigra, where a dysfunction of the BBB is suggested, with peripherally acting iron chelators is suggested to contribute to the portfolio and therapeutic armamentarium of anti-Parkinson medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Riederer
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - C Monoranu
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - S Strobel
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - T Iordache
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - J Sian-Hülsmann
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
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Sanchez A, Morales I, Rodriguez-Sabate C, Sole-Sabater M, Rodriguez M. Astrocytes, a Promising Opportunity to Control the Progress of Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101341. [PMID: 34680458 PMCID: PMC8533570 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, there is no efficient treatment to prevent the evolution of Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is generated by the concurrent activity of multiple factors, which is a serious obstacle for the development of etio-pathogenic treatments. Astrocytes may act on most factors involved in PD and the promotion of their neuroprotection activity may be particularly suitable to prevent the onset and progression of this basal ganglia (BG) disorder. The main causes proposed for PD, the ability of astrocytes to control these causes, and the procedures that can be used to promote the neuroprotective action of astrocytes will be commented upon, here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sanchez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.R.-S.)
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingrid Morales
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.R.-S.)
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Rodriguez-Sabate
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.R.-S.)
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Getafe University Hospital, 28905 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Sole-Sabater
- Department of Neurology, La Candelaria University Hospital, 38010 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Manuel Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.R.-S.)
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-319361; Fax: +34-922-319397
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Computationally Assisted Lead Optimization of Novel Potent and Selective MAO-B Inhibitors. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101304. [PMID: 34680421 PMCID: PMC8533211 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dietary flavonoid acacetin 7-O-methyl ether derivatives were computationally designed aiming to improve the selectivity and potency profiles against monoamine oxidase (MAO) B. The designed compounds were evaluated for their potential to inhibit human MAO-A and -B. Compounds 1c, 2c, 3c, and 4c were the most potent with a Ki of 37 to 68 nM against MAO-B. Compounds 1c–4c displayed more than a thousand-fold selectivity index towards MAO-B compared with MAO-A. Moreover, compounds 1c and 2c showed reversible inhibition of MAO-B. These results provide a basis for further studies on the potential application of these modified flavonoids for the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease and other neurological disorders.
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Zaccaria A, Antinori P, Licker V, Kövari E, Lobrinus JA, Burkhard PR. Multiomic Analyses of Dopaminergic Neurons Isolated from Human Substantia Nigra in Parkinson's Disease: A Descriptive and Exploratory Study. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2805-2818. [PMID: 34528139 PMCID: PMC9561004 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons (DA) of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) selectively and progressively degenerate in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Until now, molecular analyses of DA in PD have been limited to genomic or transcriptomic approaches, whereas, to the best of our knowledge, no proteomic or combined multiomic study examining the protein profile of these neurons is currently available. In this exploratory study, we used laser capture microdissection to extract regions from DA in 10 human SNpc obtained at autopsy in PD patients and control subjects. Extracted RNA and proteins were identified by RNA sequencing and nanoliquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively, and the differential expression between PD and control group was assessed. Qualitative analyses confirmed that the microdissection protocol preserves the integrity of our samples and offers access to specific molecular pathways. This multiomic analysis highlighted differential expression of 52 genes and 33 proteins, including molecules of interest already known to be dysregulated in PD, such as LRP2, PNMT, CXCR4, MAOA and CBLN1 genes, or the Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 protein. On the other hand, despite the same samples were used for both analyses, correlation between RNA and protein expression was low, as exemplified by the CST3 gene encoding for the cystatin C protein. This is the first exploratory study analyzing both gene and protein expression of laser-dissected neuronal parts from SNpc in PD. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD024748 and via GEO with identifier GSE 169755.
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Affiliation(s)
- Affif Zaccaria
- Neuroproteomics Group, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Paola Antinori
- Neuroproteomics Group, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Licker
- Neuroproteomics Group, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enikö Kövari
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Pierre R Burkhard
- Neuroproteomics Group, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Mesiti F, Gaspar A, Chavarria D, Maruca A, Rocca R, Gil Martins E, Barreiro S, Silva R, Fernandes C, Gul S, Keminer O, Alcaro S, Borges F. Mapping Chromone-3-Phenylcarboxamide Pharmacophore: Quid Est Veritas? J Med Chem 2021; 64:11169-11182. [PMID: 34269579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromone-3-phenylcarboxamides (Crom-1 and Crom-2) were identified as potent, selective, and reversible inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B). Since they exhibit some absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)-toxicity liabilities, new derivatives were synthesized to map the chemical structural features that compose the pharmacophore, a process vital for lead optimization. Structure-activity relationship data, supported by molecular docking studies, provided a rationale for the contribution of the heterocycle's rigidity, the carbonyl group, and the benzopyran heteroatom for hMAO-B inhibitory activity. From the study, N-(3-chlorophenyl)-4H-thiochromone-3-carboxamide (31) (hMAO-B IC50 = 1.52 ± 0.15 nM) emerged as a reversible tight binding inhibitor with an improved pharmacological profile. In in vitro ADME-toxicity studies, compound 31 showed a safe cytotoxicity profile in Caco-2, SH-SY5Y, HUVEC, HEK-293, and MCF-7 cells, did not present cardiotoxic effects, and did not affect P-gp transport activity. Compound 31 also protected SH-SY5Y cells from iron(III)-induced damage. Collectively, these studies highlighted compound 31 as the first-in-class and a suitable candidate for in vivo preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mesiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "Salvatore Venuta", Catanzaro 88100, Italy.,Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff, Università "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "Salvatore Venuta", Catanzaro 88100, Italy.,CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Gaspar
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Daniel Chavarria
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Annalisa Maruca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "Salvatore Venuta", Catanzaro 88100, Italy.,Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff, Università "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "Salvatore Venuta", Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Roberta Rocca
- Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff, Università "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "Salvatore Venuta", Catanzaro 88100, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Germaneto, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Eva Gil Martins
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Sandra Barreiro
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fernandes
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Hamburg 22525, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hamburg Site, Hamburg 22525, Germany
| | - Oliver Keminer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Hamburg 22525, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hamburg Site, Hamburg 22525, Germany
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "Salvatore Venuta", Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
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Macro- and Microscale Stress-Associated Alterations in Brain Structure: Translational Link With Depression. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:118-127. [PMID: 34001371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a stress-related disorder associated with many cytoarchitectural and neurochemical changes. However, the majority of these changes cannot be reliably detected in the living brain. The examination of animal stress models and postmortem human brain tissue has significantly contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD. Ronald Duman's work in humans and in rodent models was critical to the investigation of the contribution of synaptic deficits to MDD and chronic stress pathology, their role in the development and expression of depressive-like behavior, and reversal by novel drugs. Here, we review evidence from magnetic resonance imaging in humans and animals that suggests that corticolimbic alterations are associated with depression symptomatology. We also discuss evidence of cytoarchitectural alterations affecting neurons, astroglia, and synapses in MDD and highlight how similar changes are described in rodent chronic stress models and are linked to the emotion-related behavioral deficits. Finally, we report on the latest approaches developed to measure the synaptic and astroglial alterations in vivo, using positron emission tomography, and how it can inform on the contribution of MDD-associated cytoarchitectural alterations to the symptomatology and the treatment of stress-related disorders.
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48
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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of fluorinated indanone derivatives as potential positron emission tomography agents for the imaging of monoamine oxidase B in the brain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 48:128254. [PMID: 34256118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) play a key role in the metabolism of major monoamine neurotransmitters. In particular, the upregulation of MAO-B in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and cancer augmented the development of selective MAO-B inhibitors for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, such as the anti-parkinsonian MAO-B irreversible binder l-deprenyl (Selegiline®). Herein we report on the synthesis of novel fluorinated indanone derivatives for PET imaging of MAO-B in the brain. Out of our series, the derivatives 6, 8, 9 and 13 are amongst the most affine and selective ligands for MAO-B reported so far. For the derivative 6-((3-fluorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (6) exhibiting an outstanding affinity (KiMAO-B = 6 nM), an automated copper-mediated radiofluorination starting from the pinacol boronic ester 17 is described. An in vitro screening in different species revealed a MAO-B region-specific accumulation of [18F]6 in rats and piglets in comparison to L-[3H]deprenyl. The pre-clinical in vivo assessment of [18F]6 in mice demonstrated the potential of indanones to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Nonetheless, parallel in vivo metabolism studies indicated the presence of blood-brain barrier metabolites, thus arguing for further structural modifications. With the matching analytical profiles of the radiometabolite analysis from the in vitro liver microsome studies and the in vivo evaluation, the structure's elucidation of the blood-brain barrier penetrant radiometabolites is possible and will serve as basis for the development of new indanone derivatives suitable for the PET imaging of MAO-B.
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Prajapati R, Park SE, Seong SH, Paudel P, Fauzi FM, Jung HA, Choi JS. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition by Major Tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza and Selective Muscarinic Acetylcholine M 4 Receptor Antagonism by Tanshinone I. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1001. [PMID: 34356625 PMCID: PMC8301926 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are considered important therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease (PD). Lipophilic tanshinones are major phytoconstituents in the dried roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza that have demonstrated neuroprotective effects against dopaminergic neurotoxins and the inhibition of MAO-A. Since MAO-B inhibition is considered an effective therapeutic strategy for PD, we tested the inhibitory activities of three abundant tanshinone congeners against recombinant human MAO (hMAO) isoenzymes through in vitro experiments. In our study, tanshinone I (1) exhibited the highest potency against hMAO-A, followed by tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone, with an IC50 less than 10 µM. They also suppressed hMAO-B activity, with an IC50 below 25 µM. Although tanshinones are known to inhibit hMAO-A, their enzyme inhibition mechanism and binding sites have yet to be investigated. Enzyme kinetics and molecular docking studies have revealed the mode of inhibition and interactions of tanshinones during enzyme inhibition. Proteochemometric modeling predicted mAChRs as possible pharmacological targets of 1, and in vitro functional assays confirmed the selective M4 antagonist nature of 1 (56.1% ± 2.40% inhibition of control agonist response at 100 µM). These findings indicate that 1 is a potential therapeutic molecule for managing the motor dysfunction and depression associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Prajapati
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (R.P.); (S.E.P.); (S.H.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (R.P.); (S.E.P.); (S.H.S.); (P.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (R.P.); (S.E.P.); (S.H.S.); (P.P.)
- Natural Product Research Division, Honam National Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo 58762, Korea
| | - Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (R.P.); (S.E.P.); (S.H.S.); (P.P.)
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Fazlin Mohd Fauzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia;
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbok National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (R.P.); (S.E.P.); (S.H.S.); (P.P.)
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50
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Rehuman NA, Mathew B, Jat RK, Nicolotti O, Kim H. A Comprehensive Review of Monoamine Oxidase-A Inhibitors in their Syntheses and Potencies. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 23:898-914. [PMID: 32342809 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200428091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) play a crucial role during the development of various neurodegenerative disorders. There are two MAO isozymes, MAO-A and MAO-B. MAO-A is a flavoenzyme, which binds to the outer mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the oxidative transformations of neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Focus on synthetic studies has culminated in the preparation of many MAOA inhibitors, and advancements in combinatorial and parallel synthesis have accelerated the developments of synthetic schemes. Here, we provided an overview of the synthetic protocols employed to prepare different classes of MAO-A inhibitors. We classified these inhibitors according to their molecular scaffolds and the synthetic methods used. RESULTS Various synthetic and natural derivatives from a different class of MAO-A inhibitors were reported. CONCLUSION The review provides a valuable tool for the development of a new class of various selective MAO-A inhibitors for the treatment of depression and other anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha A Rehuman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JJTU University, Jhunjhunu, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Health Science Campus, Kochi-682, India
| | - Rakesh K Jat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JJTU University, Jhunjhunu, India
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Universita degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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