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Perez-Favila A, Sanchez-Macias S, De Lara SAO, Garza-Veloz I, Araujo-Espino R, Castañeda-Lopez ME, Mauricio-Gonzalez A, Vazquez-Reyes S, Velasco-Elizondo P, Trejo-Ortiz PM, Montaño FEM, Castruita-De la Rosa C, Martinez-Fierro ML. Gene Variants of the OAS/RNase L Pathway and Their Association with Severity of Symptoms and Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Pers Med 2024; 14:426. [PMID: 38673053 PMCID: PMC11051515 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The interferon pathway plays a critical role in triggering the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, and these gene variants may be involved in the severity of COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the frequency of three gene variants of OAS and RNASEL with the occurrence of COVID-19 symptoms and disease outcome. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 104 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, of which 34 were asymptomatic COVID-19, and 70 were symptomatic cases. The variants rs486907 (RNASEL), rs10774671 (OAS1), rs1293767 (OAS2), and rs2285932 (OAS3) were screened and discriminated using a predesigned 5'-nuclease assay with TaqMan probes. RESULTS Patients with the allele C of the OAS2 gene rs1293767 (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.83, p = 0.014) and allele T of the OAS3 gene rs2285932 (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.2-0.023, p = 0.023) have lower susceptibility to developing symptomatic COVID-19. The genotype frequencies (G/G, G/C, and C/C) of rs1293767 for that comparison were 64.7%, 29.4%, and 5.9% in the asymptomatic group and 95.2%, 4.8%, and 0% in severe disease (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that individuals carrying the C allele of the OAS2 gene rs1293767 and the T allele of the OAS3 gene rs2285932 are less likely to develop symptomatic COVID-19, suggesting these genetic variations may confer a protective effect among the Mexican study population. Furthermore, the observed differences in genotype frequencies between asymptomatic individuals and those with severe disease emphasize the potential of these variants as markers for disease severity. These insights enhance our understanding of the genetic factors that may influence the course of COVID-19 and underscore the potential for genetic screening in identifying individuals at increased risk for severe disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Perez-Favila
- Laboratorio de Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (A.P.-F.); (S.S.-M.); (S.A.O.D.L.); (I.G.-V.); (C.C.-D.l.R.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.A.-E.); (M.E.C.-L.); (A.M.-G.); (S.V.-R.); (P.V.-E.); (P.M.T.-O.); (F.E.M.M.)
| | - Sonia Sanchez-Macias
- Laboratorio de Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (A.P.-F.); (S.S.-M.); (S.A.O.D.L.); (I.G.-V.); (C.C.-D.l.R.)
| | - Sergio A. Oropeza De Lara
- Laboratorio de Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (A.P.-F.); (S.S.-M.); (S.A.O.D.L.); (I.G.-V.); (C.C.-D.l.R.)
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Laboratorio de Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (A.P.-F.); (S.S.-M.); (S.A.O.D.L.); (I.G.-V.); (C.C.-D.l.R.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.A.-E.); (M.E.C.-L.); (A.M.-G.); (S.V.-R.); (P.V.-E.); (P.M.T.-O.); (F.E.M.M.)
| | - Roxana Araujo-Espino
- Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.A.-E.); (M.E.C.-L.); (A.M.-G.); (S.V.-R.); (P.V.-E.); (P.M.T.-O.); (F.E.M.M.)
| | - Maria E. Castañeda-Lopez
- Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.A.-E.); (M.E.C.-L.); (A.M.-G.); (S.V.-R.); (P.V.-E.); (P.M.T.-O.); (F.E.M.M.)
| | - Alejandro Mauricio-Gonzalez
- Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.A.-E.); (M.E.C.-L.); (A.M.-G.); (S.V.-R.); (P.V.-E.); (P.M.T.-O.); (F.E.M.M.)
| | - Sodel Vazquez-Reyes
- Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.A.-E.); (M.E.C.-L.); (A.M.-G.); (S.V.-R.); (P.V.-E.); (P.M.T.-O.); (F.E.M.M.)
| | - Perla Velasco-Elizondo
- Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.A.-E.); (M.E.C.-L.); (A.M.-G.); (S.V.-R.); (P.V.-E.); (P.M.T.-O.); (F.E.M.M.)
| | - Perla M. Trejo-Ortiz
- Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.A.-E.); (M.E.C.-L.); (A.M.-G.); (S.V.-R.); (P.V.-E.); (P.M.T.-O.); (F.E.M.M.)
| | - Fabiana E. Mollinedo Montaño
- Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.A.-E.); (M.E.C.-L.); (A.M.-G.); (S.V.-R.); (P.V.-E.); (P.M.T.-O.); (F.E.M.M.)
| | - Claudia Castruita-De la Rosa
- Laboratorio de Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (A.P.-F.); (S.S.-M.); (S.A.O.D.L.); (I.G.-V.); (C.C.-D.l.R.)
| | - Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
- Laboratorio de Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (A.P.-F.); (S.S.-M.); (S.A.O.D.L.); (I.G.-V.); (C.C.-D.l.R.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (R.A.-E.); (M.E.C.-L.); (A.M.-G.); (S.V.-R.); (P.V.-E.); (P.M.T.-O.); (F.E.M.M.)
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Cai H, Zhang B, Ahrenfeldt J, Joseph JV, Riedel M, Gao Z, Thomsen SK, Christensen DS, Bak RO, Hager H, Vendelbo MH, Gao X, Birkbak N, Thomsen MK. CRISPR/Cas9 model of prostate cancer identifies Kmt2c deficiency as a metastatic driver by Odam/Cabs1 gene cluster expression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2088. [PMID: 38453924 PMCID: PMC10920892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) poses a significant therapeutic challenge with high mortality rates. Utilizing CRISPR-Cas9 in vivo, we target five potential tumor suppressor genes (Pten, Trp53, Rb1, Stk11, and RnaseL) in the mouse prostate, reaching humane endpoint after eight weeks without metastasis. By further depleting three epigenetic factors (Kmt2c, Kmt2d, and Zbtb16), lung metastases are present in all mice. While whole genome sequencing reveals few mutations in coding sequence, RNA sequencing shows significant dysregulation, especially in a conserved genomic region at chr5qE1 regulated by KMT2C. Depleting Odam and Cabs1 in this region prevents metastasis. Notably, the gene expression signatures, resulting from our study, predict progression-free and overall survival and distinguish primary and metastatic human prostate cancer. This study emphasizes positive genetic interactions between classical tumor suppressor genes and epigenetic modulators in metastatic PCa progression, offering insights into potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Cai
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bin Zhang
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johanne Ahrenfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Justin V Joseph
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Riedel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zongliang Gao
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sofie K Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte S Christensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus O Bak
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hager
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicolai Birkbak
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin K Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Gu R, Kim TD, Song H, Sui Y, Shin S, Oh S, Janknecht R. SET7/9-mediated methylation affects oncogenic functions of histone demethylase JMJD2A. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164990. [PMID: 37870957 PMCID: PMC10619491 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone demethylase JMJD2A/KDM4A facilitates prostate cancer development, yet how JMJD2A function is regulated has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that SET7/9-mediated methylation on 6 lysine residues modulated JMJD2A. Joint mutation of these lysine residues suppressed JMJD2A's ability to stimulate the MMP1 matrix metallopeptidase promoter upon recruitment by the ETV1 transcription factor. Mutation of just 3 methylation sites (K505, K506, and K507) to arginine residues (3xR mutation) was sufficient to maximally reduce JMJD2A transcriptional activity and also decreased its binding to ETV1. Introduction of the 3xR mutation into DU145 prostate cancer cells reduced in vitro growth and invasion and also severely compromised tumorigenesis. Consistently, the 3xR genotype caused transcriptome changes related to cell proliferation and invasion pathways, including downregulation of MMP1 and the NPM3 nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin gene. NPM3 downregulation phenocopied and its overexpression rescued, to a large degree, the 3xR mutation in DU145 cells, suggesting that NPM3 was a seminal downstream effector of methylated JMJD2A. Moreover, we found that NPM3 was overexpressed in prostate cancer and might be indicative of disease aggressiveness. SET7/9-mediated lysine methylation of JMJD2A may aggravate prostate tumorigenesis in a manner dependent on NPM3, implying that the SET7/9→JMJD2A→NPM3 axis could be targeted for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sook Shin
- Department of Cell Biology
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sangphil Oh
- Department of Cell Biology
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Cell Biology
- Department of Pathology, and
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Rehman K, Iqbal Z, Zhiqin D, Ayub H, Saba N, Khan MA, Yujie L, Duan L. Analysis of genetic biomarkers, polymorphisms in ADME-related genes and their impact on pharmacotherapy for prostate cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:247. [PMID: 37858151 PMCID: PMC10585889 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a non-cutaneous malignancy in males with wide variation in incidence rates across the globe. It is the second most reported cause of cancer death. Its etiology may have been linked to genetic polymorphisms, which are not only dominating cause of malignancy casualties but also exerts significant effects on pharmacotherapy outcomes. Although many therapeutic options are available, but suitable candidates identified by useful biomarkers can exhibit maximum therapeutic efficacy. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reported in androgen receptor signaling genes influence the effectiveness of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors and androgen deprivation therapy. Furthermore, SNPs located in genes involved in transport, drug metabolism, and efflux pumps also influence the efficacy of pharmacotherapy. Hence, SNPs biomarkers provide the basis for individualized pharmacotherapy. The pharmacotherapeutic options for PCa include hormonal therapy, chemotherapy (Docetaxel, Mitoxantrone, Cabazitaxel, and Estramustine, etc.), and radiotherapy. Here, we overview the impact of SNPs reported in various genes on the pharmacotherapy for PCa and evaluate current genetic biomarkers with an emphasis on early diagnosis and individualized treatment strategy in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Rehman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | - Zoya Iqbal
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Second People's Hospital, ShenzhenShenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Deng Zhiqin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Second People's Hospital, ShenzhenShenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Hina Ayub
- Department of Gynae, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Saba
- Department of Gynae, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Liang Yujie
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Second People's Hospital, ShenzhenShenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Liu S, Won H, Clarke D, Matoba N, Khullar S, Mu Y, Wang D, Gerstein M. Illuminating links between cis-regulators and trans-acting variants in the human prefrontal cortex. Genome Med 2022; 14:133. [PMID: 36424644 PMCID: PMC9685876 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric disorders afflict a large portion of the global population and constitute a significant source of disability worldwide. Although Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified many disorder-associated variants, the underlying regulatory mechanisms linking them to disorders remain elusive, especially those involving distant genomic elements. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) constitute a powerful means of providing this missing link. However, most eQTL studies in human brains have focused exclusively on cis-eQTLs, which link variants to nearby genes (i.e., those within 1 Mb of a variant). A complete understanding of disease etiology requires a clearer understanding of trans-regulatory mechanisms, which, in turn, entails a detailed analysis of the relationships between variants and expression changes in distant genes. METHODS By leveraging large datasets from the PsychENCODE consortium, we conducted a genome-wide survey of trans-eQTLs in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We also performed colocalization and mediation analyses to identify mediators in trans-regulation and use trans-eQTLs to link GWAS loci to schizophrenia risk genes. RESULTS We identified ~80,000 candidate trans-eQTLs (at FDR<0.25) that influence the expression of ~10K target genes (i.e., "trans-eGenes"). We found that many variants associated with these candidate trans-eQTLs overlap with known cis-eQTLs. Moreover, for >60% of these variants (by colocalization), the cis-eQTL's target gene acts as a mediator for the trans-eQTL SNP's effect on the trans-eGene, highlighting examples of cis-mediation as essential for trans-regulation. Furthermore, many of these colocalized variants fall into a discernable pattern wherein cis-eQTL's target is a transcription factor or RNA-binding protein, which, in turn, targets the gene associated with the candidate trans-eQTL. Finally, we show that trans-regulatory mechanisms provide valuable insights into psychiatric disorders: beyond what had been possible using only cis-eQTLs, we link an additional 23 GWAS loci and 90 risk genes (using colocalization between candidate trans-eQTLs and schizophrenia GWAS loci). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that the transcriptional architecture of the human brain is orchestrated by both cis- and trans-regulatory variants and found that trans-eQTLs provide insights into brain-disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Hyejung Won
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Declan Clarke
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Nana Matoba
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Saniya Khullar
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yudi Mu
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Daifeng Wang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. .,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Bruchelt G, Treuner J, Schmidt K. Proposal for the use of an inhalation drug containing 2-5 oligoadenylates for treatment of COVID-19. Med Hypotheses 2022; 168:110969. [PMID: 36317071 PMCID: PMC9605919 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFN), first described 1957 by Isaacs and Lindemann, are antiviral proteins generated in cells after viral infections. One of several interferon-induced effector mechanisms is the so called 2-5A / RNaseL system: Interferon is produced in the virus-affected cells and released. After binding to cell membrane receptors of adjacent cells, 2-5 A synthetase (oligoadenylate synthetase, OAS) is generated, attaches to dsRNA section areas of the viral RNA and catalyses the production of 2-5 oligoadenylates from ATP. In 2-5 oligoadenylates, several adenosine residues (3–4 and more) are combined via phosphodiester binding in the unusual 2′-5′ positions of the riboses. 2-5 oligoadenylates activate a RNaseL which degrades the viral RNA. Recently, characteristic gene mutations and other disturbances concerning the interferon system were detected in patients with severe COVID-19, leading to problems of 2-5 oligoadenylate synthesis and the activation of RNAseL. In order to circumvent these problems, we hypothesize that a direct application of 2-5 oligoadenylates, included in an inhalation spray, may be effective in treatment of severe COVID-19 infections of the respiratory system. In contrast to some other anti-COVID-19 drugs, oligoadenylates act inside the cells (like e.g. Paxlovid) and are therefore independent of cell surface mutations of the virus. For confirmation of our hypothesis, proof of concept investigations in vitro are suggested, before a possible clinical application can be considered.
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Sekhoacha M, Riet K, Motloung P, Gumenku L, Adegoke A, Mashele S. Prostate Cancer Review: Genetics, Diagnosis, Treatment Options, and Alternative Approaches. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175730. [PMID: 36080493 PMCID: PMC9457814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer affects men of all racial and ethnic groups and leads to higher rates of mortality in those belonging to a lower socioeconomic status due to late detection of the disease. There is growing evidence that suggests the contribution of an individual’s genetic profile to prostate cancer. Currently used prostate cancer treatments have serious adverse effects; therefore, new research is focusing on alternative treatment options such as the use of genetic biomarkers for targeted gene therapy, nanotechnology for controlled targeted treatment, and further exploring medicinal plants for new anticancer agents. In this review, we describe the recent advances in prostate cancer research. Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the malignancies that affects men and significantly contributes to increased mortality rates in men globally. Patients affected with prostate cancer present with either a localized or advanced disease. In this review, we aim to provide a holistic overview of prostate cancer, including the diagnosis of the disease, mutations leading to the onset and progression of the disease, and treatment options. Prostate cancer diagnoses include a digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen analysis, and prostate biopsies. Mutations in certain genes are linked to the onset, progression, and metastasis of the cancer. Treatment for localized prostate cancer encompasses active surveillance, ablative radiotherapy, and radical prostatectomy. Men who relapse or present metastatic prostate cancer receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), salvage radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Currently, available treatment options are more effective when used as combination therapy; however, despite available treatment options, prostate cancer remains to be incurable. There has been ongoing research on finding and identifying other treatment approaches such as the use of traditional medicine, the application of nanotechnologies, and gene therapy to combat prostate cancer, drug resistance, as well as to reduce the adverse effects that come with current treatment options. In this article, we summarize the genes involved in prostate cancer, available treatment options, and current research on alternative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamello Sekhoacha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Keamogetswe Riet
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Paballo Motloung
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Lemohang Gumenku
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Ayodeji Adegoke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Samson Mashele
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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8
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Ho WHJ, Law AMK, Masle-Farquhar E, Castillo LE, Mawson A, O'Bryan MK, Goodnow CC, Gallego-Ortega D, Oakes SR, Ormandy CJ. Activation of the viral sensor oligoadenylate synthetase 2 (Oas2) prevents pregnancy-driven mammary cancer metastases. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:31. [PMID: 35505346 PMCID: PMC9066770 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interferon response can influence the primary and metastatic activity of breast cancers and can interact with checkpoint immunotherapy to modulate its effects. Using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis, we found a mouse with an activating mutation in oligoadenylate synthetase 2 (Oas2), a sensor of viral double stranded RNA, that resulted in an interferon response and prevented lactation in otherwise healthy mice. METHODS To determine if sole activation of Oas2 could alter the course of mammary cancer, we combined the Oas2 mutation with the MMTV-PyMT oncogene model of breast cancer and examined disease progression and the effects of checkpoint immunotherapy using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. RESULTS Oas2 mutation prevented pregnancy from increasing metastases to lung. Checkpoint immunotherapy with antibodies against programmed death-ligand 1 was more effective when the Oas2 mutation was present. CONCLUSIONS These data establish OAS2 as a therapeutic target for agents designed to reduce metastases and increase the effectiveness of checkpoint immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Hong Jonathan Ho
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, St. Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew M K Law
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, St. Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Etienne Masle-Farquhar
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, St. Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Lesley E Castillo
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, St. Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda Mawson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, St. Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- The School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, St. Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, 81 Broadway, Ultimo Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Samantha R Oakes
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, St. Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,National Breast Cancer Foundation Level 7, 50 Margaret Street, Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia
| | - Christopher J Ormandy
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, St. Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
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9
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Ghosh S, Hazra J, Pal K, Nelson VK, Pal M. Prostate cancer: Therapeutic prospect with herbal medicine. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100034. [PMID: 34909665 PMCID: PMC8663990 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in men worldwide. A geographic variation on the burden of the disease suggested that the environment, genetic makeup, lifestyle, and food habits modulate one's susceptibility to the disease. Although it has been generally thought to be an older age disease, and awareness and timely execution of screening programs have managed to contain the disease in the older population over the last decades, the incidence is still increasing in the population younger than 50. Existing treatment is efficient for PCa that is localized and responsive to androgen. However, the androgen resistant and metastatic PCa are challenging to treat. Conventional radiation and chemotherapies are associated with severe side effects in addition to being exorbitantly expensive. Many isolated phytochemicals and extracts of plants used in traditional medicine are known for their safety and diverse healing properties, including many with varying levels of anti-PCa activities. Many of the phytochemicals discussed here, as shown by many laboratories, inhibit tumor cell growth and proliferation by interfering with the components in the pathways responsible for the enhanced proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in the prostate cells while upregulating the mechanisms of cell death and cell cycle arrest. Notably, many of these agents simultaneously target multiple cellular pathways. We analyzed the available literature and provided an update on this issue in this review article. Prostate cancer in a major cause of death in older population worldwide. Efficacies of current treatment options are limited in many cases. Phytochemicals and extracts isolated from plants show anti-prostate cancer activity with unique mechanisms. Certain phytochemicals alone or in combination with current chemotherapy show therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Joyita Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vinod K Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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10
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Johnson JR, Woods-Burnham L, Hooker SE, Batai K, Kittles RA. Genetic Contributions to Prostate Cancer Disparities in Men of West African Descent. Front Oncol 2021; 11:770500. [PMID: 34820334 PMCID: PMC8606679 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.770500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of death in men worldwide, after adjusting for age. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, continents such as North America and Europe report higher incidence of PCa; however, mortality rates are highest among men of African ancestry in the western, southern, and central regions of Africa and the Caribbean. The American Cancer Society reports, African Americans (AAs), in the United States, have a 1.7 increased incidence and 2.4 times higher mortality rate, compared to European American's (EAs). Hence, early population history in west Africa and the subsequent African Diaspora may play an important role in understanding the global disproportionate burden of PCa shared among Africans and other men of African descent. Nonetheless, disparities involved in diagnosis, treatment, and survival of PCa patients has also been correlated to socioeconomic status, education and access to healthcare. Although recent studies suggest equal PCa treatments yield equal outcomes among patients, data illuminates an unsettling reality of disparities in treatment and care in both, developed and developing countries, especially for men of African descent. Yet, even after adjusting for the effects of the aforementioned factors; racial disparities in mortality rates remain significant. This suggests that molecular and genomic factors may account for much of PCa disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabril R. Johnson
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Leanne Woods-Burnham
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Stanley E. Hooker
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ken Batai
- Department of Urology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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11
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Lumniczky K, Impens N, Armengol G, Candéias S, Georgakilas AG, Hornhardt S, Martin OA, Rödel F, Schaue D. Low dose ionizing radiation effects on the immune system. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 149:106212. [PMID: 33293042 PMCID: PMC8784945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation interacts with the immune system in many ways with a multiplicity that mirrors the complexity of the immune system itself: namely the need to maintain a delicate balance between different compartments, cells and soluble factors that work collectively to protect, maintain, and restore tissue function in the face of severe challenges including radiation damage. The cytotoxic effects of high dose radiation are less relevant after low dose exposure, where subtle quantitative and functional effects predominate that may go unnoticed until late after exposure or after a second challenge reveals or exacerbates the effects. For example, low doses may permanently alter immune fitness and therefore accelerate immune senescence and pave the way for a wide spectrum of possible pathophysiological events, including early-onset of age-related degenerative disorders and cancer. By contrast, the so called low dose radiation therapy displays beneficial, anti-inflammatory and pain relieving properties in chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases. In this review, epidemiological, clinical and experimental data regarding the effects of low-dose radiation on the homeostasis and functional integrity of immune cells will be discussed, as will be the role of immune-mediated mechanisms in the systemic manifestation of localized exposures such as inflammatory reactions. The central conclusion is that ionizing radiation fundamentally and durably reshapes the immune system. Further, the importance of discovery of immunological pathways for modifying radiation resilience amongst other research directions in this field is implied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Lumniczky
- National Public Health Centre, Department of Radiation Medicine, Budapest, Albert Florian u. 2-6, 1097, Hungary.
| | - Nathalie Impens
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Biosciences Expert Group, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Serge Candéias
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sabine Hornhardt
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Ingolstaedter Landstr.1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Olga A Martin
- Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Over the past decade, preclinical and clinical research have confirmed the essential role of interferons for effective host immunological responses to malignant cells. Type I interferons (IFNα and IFNβ) directly regulate transcription of >100 downstream genes, which results in a myriad of direct (on cancer cells) and indirect (through immune effector cells and vasculature) effects on the tumour. New insights into endogenous and exogenous activation of type I interferons in the tumour and its microenvironment have given impetus to drug discovery and patient evaluation of interferon-directed strategies. When combined with prior observations or with other effective modalities for cancer treatment, modulation of the interferon system could contribute to further reductions in cancer morbidity and mortality. This Review discusses new interferon-directed therapeutic opportunities, ranging from cyclic dinucleotides to genome methylation inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, chemoradiation, complexes with neoantigen-targeted monoclonal antibodies, combinations with other emerging therapeutic interventions and associations of interferon-stimulated gene expression with patient prognosis - all of which are strategies that have or will soon enter translational clinical evaluation.
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13
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Xia J, Sun R. Evidence from 40 Studies that 2 Common Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of RNASEL Gene Affect Prostate Cancer Susceptibility: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-Compliant Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8315-8325. [PMID: 31686670 PMCID: PMC6857427 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have evaluated the relationship between RNASEL gene polymorphisms (rs486907 G>A and rs627928 T>G) and the risk of cancer. However, many of the results have been controversial. To explore the role of RNASEL gene polymorphisms in prostate cancer, we carried out the present meta-analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The qualified articles were collected from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, and WanFang databases to August 2018. A total 23 articles with 40 studies were incorporated into our analysis. RESULTS Our data show that rs486907 was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer in any populations. Nevertheless, rs627928 was reported to promote the development of prostate cancer (T vs. G: OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.01-1.15; TT+TG vs. GG: OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.03-1.25) in allele and recessive models in overall populations. Stratified analyses showed that similar results were obtained in white populations. CONCLUSIONS We report the effect of rs627928 on the development of prostate cancer and confirm that rs486907 is not involved in the risk of prostate cancer in the current meta-analysis. However, research in larger populations is needed to validate our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xia
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Rulin Sun
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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14
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Wang J, Yuan W, Yue C, Dai F, Gao S, Mi Y, Bai Y, Zhang L, Zuo L, Wu X, Zhang W. RNASEL 1623A>C variant is associated with the risk of prostate cancer in African descendants. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11955-11964. [PMID: 30790337 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Association between ribonuclease L (RNASEL) gene 1623A>C polymorphism and prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility has been assessed in large quantities of studies but with controversial conclusions. We undertook a pooled analysis containing 7397 PCa cases and 6088 control subjects to assess the correlation between RNASEL 1623A>C polymorphism and PCa risk. Moreover, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to test the serum RNASEL expression among patients enrolled in our centers and in-silico tools were also utilized. The overall results of our analysis indicated a positive relationship between 1623A>C variant and PCa risk (allelic contrast, odds ratio [OR] = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.12; Pheterogeneity = 0.575; CC vs AA, OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.03-1.26; Pheterogeneity = 0.217; CC + CA vs AA, OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.01-1.19; Pheterogeneity = 0.303; and CC vs CA + AA, OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.00-1.17; Pheterogeneity = 0.298). In ethnicity subgroup analysis, similar results were especially indicated in African descendants. In addition, serum RNASEL levels in PCa cases with CC + CA genotypes were higher than those with AA genotypes. Our present study showed evidence that RNASEL 1623A>C polymorphism is related to PCa risk, especially in African descendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University), Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Yue
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Dai
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University), Wuxi, China
| | - Shenglin Gao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University), Wuxi, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingyu Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Sprooten J, Agostinis P, Garg AD. Type I interferons and dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 348:217-262. [PMID: 31810554 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) facilitate cancer immunosurveillance, antitumor immunity and antitumor efficacy of conventional cell death-inducing therapies (chemotherapy/radiotherapy) as well as immunotherapy. Moreover, it is clear that dendritic cells (DCs) play a significant role in aiding type I IFN-driven immunity. Owing to these antitumor properties several immunotherapies involving, or inducing, type I IFNs have received considerable clinical attention, e.g., recombinant IFNα2 or agonists targeting pattern recognition receptor (PRR) pathways like Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cGAS-STING or RIG-I/MDA5/MAVS. A series of preclinical and clinical evidence concurs that the success of anticancer therapy hinges on responsiveness of both cancer cells and DCs to type I IFNs. In this article, we discuss this link between type I IFNs and DCs in the context of cancer biology, with particular attention to mechanisms behind type I IFN production, their impact on DC driven anticancer immunity, and the implications of this for cancer immunotherapy, including DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Khalili N, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Shahkarami S, Hirbod-Mobarakeh A, Rezaei N. Passive-specific immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies for prostate cancer: A systematic review. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2018; 25:903-917. [DOI: 10.1177/1078155218808080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with conventional therapies is still not successful. Therefore, application of novel biological approaches such as immunotherapy, which appears to be more effective and less toxic, is necessary. Monoclonal antibodies against cancer specific antigens are a kind of immunotherapy that have been approved for specific types of cancer and are being investigated for prostate cancer as well. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness and safety of monoclonal antibodies for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Method According to the search strategy stated in our systematic review protocol, Scopus, Medline, TRIP, CENTRAL, ProQuest, DART and OpenGrey databases were searched. Data collection and quality assessment were done independently by two authors and any disagreements between the collected data were resolved by a third author. A meta-analysis was not feasible as there was a considerable statistical heterogeneity among the trials. Hence, this review was limited to a narrative analysis of the included studies. Results We found 9756 references by applying search strategy in 4 databases of journal articles and 3 databases of grey literature. We then discarded 3957 duplicate citations using Endnote software and 5143 articles due to obvious irrelevancy of their topics in primary screening. In secondary screening of 656 fulltexts, we excluded 538 articles, and finally included 12 trials in this systematic review, updated on 23 June 2017. The overall quality of the studies was fair. In general, results of this systematic review show promising advances in the treatment of prostate cancer patients with monoclonal antibodies against prostate-specific antigens with regard to PSA/disease response. Some of the studies reported pain relief after treatment as well. Conclusion Currently, the role of immunotherapy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer still remains debated. Although passive specific immunotherapy could be offered as a novel therapeutic option in the coming years, patients should be informed about the risks and benefits of this therapy. One of the obstacles in this review was the lack of adequate assessment of survival-related endpoints reported in the included studies. Our study provides support for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Khalili
- Border of Immune Tolerance Education and Research Network (BITERN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Shahkarami
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Hirbod-Mobarakeh
- Border of Immune Tolerance Education and Research Network (BITERN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, UK
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17
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Arthur R, Williams R, Garmo H, Holmberg L, Stattin P, Malmström H, Lambe M, Hammar N, Walldius G, Robinsson D, Jungner I, Van Hemelrijck M. Serum inflammatory markers in relation to prostate cancer severity and death in the Swedish AMORIS study. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:2254-2262. [PMID: 29322512 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a well-documented driver of cancer development and progression. However, little is known about its role in prostate carcinogenesis. Thus, we examined the association of C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin, albumin and white blood cells (WBC) with prostate cancer (PCa) severity (defined by PCa risk category and clinicopathological characteristics) and progression (defined by PCa death). We selected 8,471 Swedish men with newly diagnosed PCa who had exposure measurements taken approximately 14 years prior to diagnosis. We calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the associations between the inflammatory markers and PCa severity using logistic regression, while Cox proportional hazard regression was used for the associations with overall and PCa death. Serum CRP levels were associated with increased odds of high risk and metastatic PCa, and high PSA levels (≥20 µg/L) (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06-1.56, 1.32; 1.05-1.65 and 1.51; 1.26-1.81, respectively). Similarly, higher haptoglobin levels were associated with increased odds of metastatic PCa, high PSA level and possibly high grade PCa (1.38; 1.10-1.74, 1.50; 1.17-1.93 and 1.25; 1.00-1.56, respectively). Albumin was positively associated with Gleason 4 + 3 tumour (1.38; 1.02-1.86) and overall death (HRunit increase in log : 1.60; 95% CI: 1.11-2.30), but inversely associated with high risk PCa and high PSA levels (≥20 µg/L) (0.71; 0.56-0.89 and 0.72; 0.5 9-0.90). WBC was associated with increased odds of T3-T4 PCa. Except for albumin, none of these markers were associated with PCa death or overall death. Systemic inflammation as early as 14 years prior to diagnosis may influence prostate cancer severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arthur
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - R Williams
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom
| | - H Garmo
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Holmberg
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom
| | - P Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Malmström
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lambe
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Hammar
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Medicines Development, Medical Evidence & Observational Research, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Walldius
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Robinsson
- Department of Urology, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - I Jungner
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet and CALAB Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Van Hemelrijck
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom.,Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Dreussi E, Ecca F, Scarabel L, Gagno S, Toffoli G. Immunogenetics of prostate cancer: a still unexplored field of study. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:263-283. [PMID: 29325503 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a double-edged sword with regard to the prostate cancer (PCa) battle. Immunogenetics, the study of the potential role of immune-related polymorphisms, is taking its first steps in the treatment of this malignancy. This review summarizes the most recent papers addressing the potential of immunogenetics in PCa, reporting immune-related polymorphisms associated with tumor aggressiveness, treatment toxicity and patients' prognosis. With some peculiarities, RNASEL, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β and MMP7 have arisen as the most significant biomarkers in PCa treatment and management, having a potential clinical role. Validation prospective clinical studies are required to translate immunogenetics into precision treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dreussi
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ecca
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Lucia Scarabel
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Sara Gagno
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
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19
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Wang H, Duan H, Meng T, Yang M, Cui L, Bin P, Dai Y, Niu Y, Shen M, Zhang L, Zheng Y, Leng S. Local and Systemic Inflammation May Mediate Diesel Engine Exhaust–Induced Lung Function Impairment in a Chinese Occupational Cohort. Toxicol Sci 2017; 162:372-382. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Lianhua Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Ping Bin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yufei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meili Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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Smith SD, Kawash JK, Karaiskos S, Biluck I, Grigoriev A. Evolutionary adaptation revealed by comparative genome analysis of woolly mammoths and elephants. DNA Res 2017; 24:359-369. [PMID: 28369217 PMCID: PMC5737375 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsx007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative genomics studies typically limit their focus to single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and that was the case for previous comparisons of woolly mammoth genomes. We extended the analysis to systematically identify not only SNVs but also larger structural variants (SVs) and indels and found multiple mammoth-specific deletions and duplications affecting exons or even complete genes. The most prominent SV found was an amplification of RNase L (with different copy numbers in different mammoth genomes, up to 9-fold), involved in antiviral defense and inflammasome function. This amplification was accompanied by mutations affecting several domains of the protein including the active site and produced different sets of RNase L paralogs in four mammoth genomes likely contributing to adaptations to environmental threats. In addition to immunity and defense, we found many other unique genetic changes in woolly mammoths that suggest adaptations to life in harsh Arctic conditions, including variants involving lipid metabolism, circadian rhythms, and skeletal and body features. Together, these variants paint a complex picture of evolution of the mammoth species and may be relevant in the studies of their population history and extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Smith
- Department of Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph K Kawash
- Department of Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Spyros Karaiskos
- Department of Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Ian Biluck
- Department of Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Andrey Grigoriev
- Department of Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
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Zuo L, Ren KW, Bai Y, Zhang LF, Zou JG, Qin XH, Mi YY, Okada A, Yasui T. Association of a common genetic variant in RNASEL and prostate cancer susceptibility. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75141-75150. [PMID: 29088852 PMCID: PMC5650407 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNASEL gene (2’, 5’-oligoisoadenylate synthetase-dependent) encodes a ribonuclease that plays a significant role in the apoptotic and antiviral activities of interferons. Various studies have used polymorphisms in the RNASEL gene to evaluate prostate cancer risk but studies that show an association between RNASEL Arg462Gln (1385G>A, R462Q, rs486907) polymorphism and prostate cancer risk are somewhat inconclusive. To assess the impact of RNASEL Arg462Gln polymorphism on prostate cancer risk, we conducted a meta-analysis of all available studies including 11,522 patients and 10,976 control subjects. The overall results indicated no positive association between the variant and prostate cancer risk. However, in a subgroup analysis by ethnicity, obvious associations were observed in Hispanic Caucasians for allelic contrast (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.00 - 1.39, Pheterogeneity = 0.010), homozygote comparison (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.02 – 2.20, Pheterogeneity = 0.001), and the recessive genetic model (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.01 - 2.05, Pheterogeneity = 0.002) ; and in African descendants for homozygote comparison (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.29 – 5.19, Pheterogeneity = 0.194) and the recessive genetic model (OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.30 – 5.23, Pheterogeneity = 0.195). In conclusion, the RNASEL Arg462Gln polymorphism may contribute to the risk of developing prostate cancer in African descendants and Hispanic Caucasians. Further larger and well-designed studies are warranted to evaluate this association in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Ke-Wei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Urology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Li-Feng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Jian-Gang Zou
- Department of Urology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xi-Hu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214041, China
| | - Atsushi Okada
- Department of Nephrourology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi 4678601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephrourology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi 4678601, Japan
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Puhr M, De Marzo A, Isaacs W, Lucia MS, Sfanos K, Yegnasubramanian S, Culig Z. Inflammation, Microbiota, and Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Focus 2016; 2:374-382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Winchester DA, Gurel B, Till C, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Santella RM, Johnson-Pais TL, Leach RJ, Thompson IM, Xu J, Zheng SL, Lucia MS, Lippmann SM, Parnes HL, Isaacs WB, Drake CG, De Marzo AM, Platz EA. Key genes involved in the immune response are generally not associated with intraprostatic inflammation in men without a prostate cancer diagnosis: Results from the prostate cancer prevention trial. Prostate 2016; 76:565-74. [PMID: 26771888 PMCID: PMC4841624 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that both intraprostatic inflammation and SNPs in genes involved in the immune response are associated with prostate cancer risk and disease grade. In the present study, we evaluated the association between these SNPs and intraprostatic inflammation in men without a prostate cancer diagnosis. METHODS Included in this cross-sectional study were 205 white controls from a case-control study nested in the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. We analyzed inflammation data from the review of H&E-stained prostate tissue sections from biopsies performed per protocol at the end of the trial irrespective of clinical indication, and data for 16 SNPs in key genes involved in the immune response (IL1β, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12(p40), IFNG, MSR1, RNASEL, TLR4, TNFA; 7 tagSNPs in IL10). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between carrying at least one minor allele and having at least one biopsy core (of a mean of three reviewed) with inflammation. RESULTS None of the SNPs evaluated was statistically significantly associated with having at least one core with inflammation. However, possible inverse associations were present for carrying the minor allele of rs2069762 (G) in IL2 (OR = 0.51, 95%CI 0.25-1.02); carrying two copies of the minor allele of rs1800871 (T) of IL10 (OR = 0.29, 95%CI 0.08-1.00); and carrying the minor allele of rs486907 (A) in RNASEL (OR = 0.52, 95%CI 0.26-1.06). After creating a genetic risk score from the three SNPs possibly associated with inflammation, the odds of inflammation increased with increasing number of risk alleles (P-trend = 0.008). CONCLUSION While our findings do not generally support a cross-sectional link between individual SNPs in key genes involved in the immune response and intraprostatic inflammation in men without a prostate cancer diagnosis, they do suggest that some of these variants when in combination may be associated with intraprostatic inflammation in benign tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle A. Winchester
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bora Gurel
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Cathee Till
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Phyllis J. Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Catherine M. Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Regina M. Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Teresa L. Johnson-Pais
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Robin J. Leach
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ian M. Thompson
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL
| | - S. Lilly Zheng
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - M. Scott Lucia
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Scott M. Lippmann
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Howard L. Parnes
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - William B. Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Charles G. Drake
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
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Babaei F, Ahmadi A, Rezaei F, Jalilvand S, Ghavami N, Mahmoudi M, Abiri R, Kondori N, Nategh R, Mokhtari Azad T. Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus and RNase L R462Q Variants in Iranian Patients With Sporadic Prostate Cancer. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 17:e19439. [PMID: 26744630 PMCID: PMC4700873 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.19439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although several studies have confirmed the association of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) and prostate cancer, this association is still controversial, as most studies did not detect XMRV in prostate tissue samples. Furthermore, some genetic and epidemiological studies have highlighted a role for RNase L polymorphisms, particularly R462Q, in the progression of prostate cancer. Objectives: The focus of this study was on the association of XMRV and RNase L R462Q variants with the risk of prostate cancer in Iranian patients. Patients and Methods: In this case-control study, 40 and 80 individuals with sporadic prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia, respectively, were included. The presence of XMRV was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of integrase and nested-PCR for the gag genes. The RNase L R462Q polymorphism analysis was carried out by PCR and sequencing. Results: In a total of 40 sporadic prostate cancer and 80 benign prostatic hyperplasia cases, no XMRV was detected by real-time PCR and nested-PCR. RNase L R462Q polymorphism analysis reveals that although there was an increase in the risk of prostate cancer correlated with the Q/Q allele of RNase L at position 462, the frequencies of the RNase L R462Q alleles were not statistically significant between the prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia groups (OR = 2.75 (95% CI = 0.67 - 11.3), P = 0.29). Conclusions: These results did not support the presence of XMRV in the samples with prostate cancer and showed that RNase L R462Q variants had relatively little or no impact on the risk of prostate cancer in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Babaei
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farhad Rezaei
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Nastaran Ghavami
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Department of Statistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ramin Abiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Nasim Kondori
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Rakhshande Nategh
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Talat Mokhtari Azad, Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2188962343, Fax: +98- 2188962343, E-mail:
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25
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Bethea TN, Rosenberg L, Castro-Webb N, Lunetta KL, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Ruiz-Narváez EA, Charlot M, Park SY, Bandera EV, Troester MA, Ambrosone CB, Palmer JR. Family History of Cancer in Relation to Breast Cancer Subtypes in African American Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 25:366-73. [PMID: 26721669 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence on the relation of family history of cancers other than breast cancer to breast cancer risk is conflicting, and most studies have not assessed specific breast cancer subtypes. METHODS We assessed the relation of first-degree family history of breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, ovarian, and cervical cancer and lymphoma or leukemia, to the risk of estrogen receptor-positive (ER(+)), ER(-), and triple-negative breast cancer in data from the African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Consortium. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS There were 3,023 ER(+) and 1,497 ER(-) breast cancer cases (including 696 triple-negative cases) and 17,420 controls. First-degree family history of breast cancer was associated with increased risk of each subtype: OR = 1.76 (95% CI, 1.57-1.97) for ER(+), 1.67 (1.42-1.95) for ER(-), and 1.72 (1.38-2.13) for triple-negative breast cancer. Family history of cervical cancer was associated with increased risk of ER(-) (OR = 2.39; 95% CI, 1.36-4.20), but not ER(+) cancer. Family history of both breast and prostate cancer was associated with increased risk of ER(+) (3.40; 2.42-4.79) and ER(-) (2.09; 1.21-3.63) cancer, but family history of both breast and lung cancer was associated only with ER(-) cancer (2.11; 1.29-3.46). CONCLUSIONS A family history of cancers other than breast may influence the risk of breast cancer, and associations may differ by subtype. IMPACT Greater surveillance and counseling for additional screening may be warranted for women with a family history of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci N Bethea
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nelsy Castro-Webb
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Song-Yi Park
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Melissa A Troester
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Profiles of microRNA networks in intestinal epithelial cells in a mouse model of colitis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18174. [PMID: 26647826 PMCID: PMC4673535 DOI: 10.1038/srep18174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) accompany a critical loss of the frontline barrier function that is achieved primarily by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Although the gene-regulation pathways underlying these host-defense roles of IECs presumably are deranged during IBD pathogenesis, the quantitative and qualitative alterations of posttranscriptional regulators such as microRNAs (miRNAs) within the cells largely remain to be defined. We aimed to uncover the regulatory miRNA–target gene relationships that arise differentially in inflamed small- compared with large-IECs. Whereas IBD significantly increased the expression of only a few miRNA candidates in small-IECs, numerous miRNAs were upregulated in inflamed large-IECs. These marked alterations might explain why the large, as compared with small, intestine is more sensitive to colitis and shows more severe pathology in this experimental model of IBD. Our in-depth assessment of the miRNA–mRNA expression profiles and the resulting networks prompts us to suggest that miRNAs such as miR-1224, miR-3473a, and miR-5128 represent biomarkers that appear in large-IECs upon IBD development and co-operatively repress the expression of key anti-inflammatory factors. The current study provides insight into gene-regulatory networks in IECs through which dynamic rearrangement of the involved miRNAs modulates the gene expression–regulation machinery between maintaining and disrupting gastrointestinal homeostasis.
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27
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Winchester DA, Till C, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Santella RM, Johnson-Pais TL, Leach RJ, Xu J, Zheng SL, Thompson IM, Lucia MS, Lippmann SM, Parnes HL, Dluzniewski PJ, Isaacs WB, De Marzo AM, Drake CG, Platz EA. Variation in genes involved in the immune response and prostate cancer risk in the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Prostate 2015; 75:1403-18. [PMID: 26047319 PMCID: PMC4536102 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously found that inflammation in benign prostate tissue is associated with an increased odds of prostate cancer, especially higher-grade disease. Since part of this link may be due to genetics, we evaluated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune response genes and prostate cancer in the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. METHODS We genotyped 16 candidate SNPs in IL1β, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12(p40), IFNG, MSR1, RNASEL, TLR4, and TNFA and seven tagSNPs in IL10 in 881 prostate cancer cases and 848 controls negative for cancer on an end-of-study biopsy. Cases and controls were non-Hispanic white and frequency matched on age and family history. We classified cases as lower (Gleason sum <7; N = 674) and higher (7-10; N = 172) grade, and used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusting for age and family history. RESULTS The minor allele (C) of rs3212227 in IL12(p40) was associated with an increased risk of total (log additive: OR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.10-1.53; P-trend = 0.0017) and lower-grade (OR = 1.36, 95%CI 1.15-1.62; P-trend = 0.0004) prostate cancer. The minor allele (A) of rs4073 in IL8 was possibly associated with a decreased risk of higher-grade (OR = 0.81, 95%CI 0.64-1.02; P-trend = 0.07), but not total disease. None of the other candidates was associated with risk. The minor alleles of IL10 tagSNPs rs1800890 (A; OR = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.75-0.99; P-trend = 0.04) and rs3021094 (C; OR = 1.31, 95%CI 1.03-1.66, P-trend = 0.03) were associated with risk; the latter also with lower- (P-trend = 0.04) and possibly higher- (P-trend = 0.06) grade disease. These patterns were similar among men with PSA <2 ng/ml at biopsy. CONCLUSION Variation in some immune response genes may be associated with prostate cancer risk. These associations were not fully explained by PSA-associated detection bias. Our findings generally support the role of inflammation in the etiology of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle A. Winchester
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cathee Till
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Phyllis J. Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Catherine M. Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Regina M. Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Teresa L. Johnson-Pais
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Robin J. Leach
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL
| | - S. Lilly Zheng
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Ian M. Thompson
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - M. Scott Lucia
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Scott M. Lippmann
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Howard L. Parnes
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul J. Dluzniewski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - William B. Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Charles G. Drake
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
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28
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Karyadi DM, Zhao S, He Q, McIntosh L, Wright JL, Ostrander EA, Feng Z, Stanford JL. Confirmation of genetic variants associated with lethal prostate cancer in a cohort of men from hereditary prostate cancer families. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2166-71. [PMID: 25273821 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Germline genetic variants have been suggested as prognostic biomarkers for identifying patients at high risk for lethal prostate cancer (PCa). Validation studies have confirmed the association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with fatal PCa, but whether these variants affect PCa-specific mortality (PCSM) in patients with an inherited predisposition to PCa, based on familial history, is unknown. For this study, a cohort of 957 PCa patients from 270 hereditary prostate cancer families of European ancestry was genotyped for a panel of 22 PCSM-associated SNPs. Death certificates were reviewed to confirm cause of death. Mixed-effect Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess survival according to genotypes, accounting for relatedness and clinicopathological factors. Within this cohort, 98 PCa deaths were confirmed over an average follow-up period of 12.7 years after diagnosis. Variant allele carriers for three SNPs had significantly altered risk for PCSM [rs635261 at RNASEL, hazard ratio (HR), 0.35, 95% CI, 0.18-0.66; p = 0.002; rs915927 in XRCC1, HR, 1.91, 95% CI, 1.21-3.02; p = 0.009; and rs2494750 at AKT1, HR, 0.45, 95% CI, 0.23-0.90; p = 0.016). These results confirm the association of genetic variation in three genes with PCa lethality in a cohort of men with an inherited susceptibility to the disease and provide validation evidence that germline SNPs provide prognostic information for PCa patients. Development of a panel of germline biomarkers with clinical utility for distinguishing patients at detection who have an increased risk for fatal PCa is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Karyadi
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Brennan-Laun SE, Li XL, Ezelle HJ, Venkataraman T, Blackshear PJ, Wilson GM, Hassel BA. RNase L attenuates mitogen-stimulated gene expression via transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms to limit the proliferative response. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33629-43. [PMID: 25301952 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.589556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to mitogens is tightly regulated via transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms to rapidly induce genes that promote proliferation and efficiently attenuate their expression to prevent malignant growth. RNase L is an endoribonuclease that mediates diverse antiproliferative activities, and tristetraprolin (TTP) is a mitogen-induced RNA-binding protein that directs the decay of proliferation-stimulatory mRNAs. In light of their roles as endogenous proliferative constraints, we examined the mechanisms and functional interactions of RNase L and TTP to attenuate a mitogenic response. Mitogen stimulation of RNase L-deficient cells significantly increased TTP transcription and the induction of other mitogen-induced mRNAs. This regulation corresponded with elevated expression of serum-response factor (SRF), a master regulator of mitogen-induced transcription. RNase L destabilized the SRF transcript and formed a complex with SRF mRNA in cells providing a mechanism by which RNase L down-regulates SRF-induced genes. TTP and RNase L proteins interacted in cells suggesting that RNase L is directed to cleave TTP-bound RNAs as a mechanism of substrate specificity. Consistent with their concerted function in RNA turnover, the absence of either RNase L or TTP stabilized SRF mRNA, and a subset of established TTP targets was also regulated by RNase L. RNase L deficiency enhanced mitogen-induced proliferation demonstrating its functional role in limiting the mitogenic response. Our findings support a model of feedback regulation in which RNase L and TTP target SRF mRNA and SRF-induced transcripts. Accordingly, meta-analysis revealed an enrichment of RNase L and TTP targets among SRF-regulated genes suggesting that the RNase L/TTP axis represents a viable target to inhibit SRF-driven proliferation in neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Brennan-Laun
- From the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Xiao-Ling Li
- the Genetics Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Heather J Ezelle
- From the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and the Research Services, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, and
| | | | - Perry J Blackshear
- the Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Gerald M Wilson
- From the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Bret A Hassel
- From the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and the Research Services, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, and
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Yow MA, Tabrizi SN, Severi G, Bolton DM, Pedersen J, Longano A, Garland SM, Southey MC, Giles GG. Detection of infectious organisms in archival prostate cancer tissues. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:579. [PMID: 25106851 PMCID: PMC4132904 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seroepidemiological studies have reported associations between exposure to sexually transmitted organisms and prostate cancer risk. This study sought DNA evidence of candidate organisms in archival prostate cancer tissues with the aim of assessing if a subset of these cancers show any association with common genital infections. METHODS 221 archival paraffin-embedded tissue blocks representing 128 histopathologically confirmed prostate cancers comprising 52 "aggressive" (Gleason score ≥ 7) and 76 "non-aggressive" (Gleason score ≤ 6) TURP or radical prostatectomy specimens were examined, as well as unaffected adjacent tissue when available. Representative tissue sections were subjected to DNA extraction, quality tested and screened by PCR for HSV-1, HSV-2, XMRV, BKV, HPV, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Trichomonas vaginalis. RESULTS 195 of 221 DNA samples representing 49 "aggressive" and 66 "non-aggressive" prostate cancer cases were suitable for analysis after DNA quality assessment. Overall, 12.2% (6/49) aggressive and 7.6% (5/66) non-aggressive cases were positive for any of the candidate organisms. Mycoplasma genitalium DNA was detected in 4/66 non-aggressive, 5/49 aggressive cancers and in one cancer-unaffected adjacent tissue block of an aggressive case. Ureaplasma urealyticum DNA was detected in 0/66 non-aggressive and 1/49 aggressive cancers and HSV DNA in 1/66 non-aggressive and 0/49 aggressive cancers. This study did not detect BKV, XMRV, T. vaginalis, U. parvum, C. trachomatis or HPV DNA. CONCLUSIONS The low prevalence of detectable microbial DNA makes it unlikely that persistent infection by the selected candidate microorganisms contribute to prostate cancer risk, regardless of tumour phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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Markt SC, Rider JR, Penney KL, Schumacher FR, Epstein MM, Fall K, Sesso HD, Stampfer MJ, Mucci LA. Genetic variation across C-reactive protein and risk of prostate cancer. Prostate 2014; 74:1034-42. [PMID: 24844401 PMCID: PMC4063346 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has been hypothesized to play an important etiological role in the initiation or progression of prostate cancer. Circulating levels of the systemic inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP) have been associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. We investigated the role of genetic variation in CRP and prostate cancer, under the hypothesis that variants may alter risk of disease. METHODS We undertook a case-control study nested within the prospective Physicians' Health Study among 1,286 men with incident prostate cancer and 1,264 controls. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected to capture the common genetic variation across CRP (r(2) > 0.8). We used unconditional logistic regression to assess the association between each SNP and risk of prostate cancer. Linear regression models explored associations between each genotype and plasma CRP levels. RESULTS None of the CRP SNPs were associated with prostate cancer overall. Individuals with one copy of the minor allele (C) in rs1800947 had an increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1-2.8), and significantly lower mean CRP levels (P-value <0.001), however, we found no significant association with lethal disease. Mean CRP levels were significantly elevated in men with one or two copies of the minor allele in rs3093075 and rs1417939, but these were unrelated to prostate cancer risk. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that SNPs in the CRP gene are not associated with risk of overall or lethal prostate cancer. Polymorphisms in CRP rs1800947 may be associated with higher grade disease, but our results require replication in other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Markt
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Rider
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn L. Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fredrick R. Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mara M. Epstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katja Fall
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Örebro University, Sweden
| | - Howard D. Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Meir J. Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A. Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Alvarez-Cubero MJ, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ, Vazquez-Alonso F, Saiz M, Alvarez JC, Lorente JA, Cozar JM. The potential impact of adding genetic markers to clinical parameters in managing high-risk prostate cancer patients. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:444. [PMID: 24046815 PMCID: PMC3773101 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose High-risk prostate cancer is a potentially lethal disease that is increasing in the diagnosis of prostate cancer patients. Compared to other prostate cancer patients (medium or low risk), management, diagnosis and treatment are not as successful among high-risk patients. Because the genetic characterization of prostate cancer patients is increasing, we aimed to determine whether genetic information in one of the primary associated genes, such as RNASEL (2', 5'-oligoadenylate-dependent RNase L), could be used as a biomarker to improve the quality of life and treatment among high-risk patients. The main objective is to identify genetic variants of RNASEL that could be associated with high-risk prostate cancer to improve the clinical managing of these patients. Methods A total of 231 prostate cancer patients were genotyped for 7 variants of RNASEL gene. Clinical information was obtained from medical examinations and genetic analysis (amplification and sequencing 7 variants of RNASEL gene) were performed by the researchers. Data were processed by statistical analysis (Chi square and logistic regression) using SPSS v.15.0. Results Comparisons between genotypes and clinical characteristics of patients revealed that individuals with GG in D541E, AA in R462Q and AG in I97L in RNASEL gene were high-risk patients according to the European Urology Guidelines. Conclusions Genotyping the RNASEL gene with routine diagnostic techniques could confer a more precise diagnosis of high-risk prostate cancer patients and increase the diagnostic accuracy above the current rate of 70% due to the relation between the genetic variants of RNASEL gene and the risk of this cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-444) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Avda.de Madrid, 11, 18071 Granada, Spain ; Center GENYO (Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Center for Genomics and Oncological Research), Granada, Spain
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Rabiau N, Dantal Y, Guy L, Ngollo M, Dagdemir A, Kemeny JL, Terris B, Vieillefond A, Boiteux JP, Bignon YJ, Bernard-Gallon D. Gene panel model predictive of outcome in patients with prostate cancer. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2013; 17:407-13. [PMID: 23758475 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2012.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In men at high risk for prostate cancer, established clinical and pathological parameters provide only limited prognostic information. Here we analyzed a French cohort of 103 prostate cancer patients and developed a gene panel model predictive of outcome in this group of patients. The model comprised of a 15-gene TaqMan Low-Density Array (TLDA) card, with gene expressions compared to a standardized reference. The RQ value for each gene was calculated, and a scoring system was developed. Summing all the binary scores (0 or 1) corresponding to the 15 genes, a global score is obtained between 0 and 15. This global score can be compared to Gleason score (0 to 10) by recalculating it into a 0-10 scaled score. A scaled score ≥2 suggested that the patient is suffering from a prostate cancer, and a scaled score ≥7 flagged aggressive cancer. Statistical analyses demonstrated a strongly significant linear correlation (p=3.50E-08) between scaled score and Gleason score for this prostate cancer cohort (N=103). These results support the capacity of this designed 15 target gene TLDA card approach to predict outcome in prostate cancer, opening up a new avenue for personalized medicine through future independent replication and applications for rapid identification of aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Rabiau
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Schoenfeld JD, Margalit DN, Kasperzyk JL, Shui IM, Rider JR, Epstein MM, Meisner A, Kenfield SA, Martin NE, Nguyen PL, Kantoff PW, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, Mucci LA. A single nucleotide polymorphism in inflammatory gene RNASEL predicts outcome after radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:1612-9. [PMID: 23382116 PMCID: PMC3602407 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in Ribonuclease L (RNASEL), a gene implicated in inflammation and prostate cancer risk, and outcomes after radiation therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We followed participants in the prospective US Health Professionals Follow-Up Study treated with radiation therapy for early-stage prostate cancer. Three SNPs were genotyped based on previously determined functional and biological significance. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to assess per-allele associations with the primary outcome defined as time to a composite endpoint including development of lethal prostate cancer or biochemical recurrence. RESULTS We followed 434 patients treated with radiation therapy for a median of 9 years. On multivariate analysis, the rs12757998 variant allele was associated with significantly decreased risk of the composite endpoint [HR: 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45-0.94%; P = 0.02] driven by decreased biochemical recurrence (HR: 0.60; 95% CI, 0.40-0.89%; P = 0.01) and men treated with external beam (HR: 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.93%; P = 0.02). In contrast, in 516 men from the same cohort treated with radical prostatectomy, we found no significant impact of this variant on outcome. Furthermore, the rs12757998 variant allele significantly modified the association between androgen deprivation therapy and outcomes after radiation therapy (p-interaction = 0.02). CONCLUSION We show an association between RNASEL SNP rs12757998 and outcome after radiation therapy for prostate cancer. This SNP is associated with increased circulating C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, suggesting a potential role for inflammation in the response to radiation. If validated, genetic predictors of outcome may help inform prostate cancer management.
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Touvier M, Fezeu L, Ahluwalia N, Julia C, Charnaux N, Sutton A, Méjean C, Latino-Martel P, Hercberg S, Galan P, Czernichow S. Association between prediagnostic biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial function and cancer risk: a nested case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 177:3-13. [PMID: 23171880 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and prevalent case-control studies suggest an association between biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, and adiposity and cancer risk, but results from prospective studies have been limited. The authors' objective was to prospectively examine the relations between these biomarkers and cancer risk. A nested case-control study was designed within the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) Study, a nationwide French cohort study, to include all first primary incident cancers diagnosed between 1994 and 2007 (n = 512). Cases were matched with randomly selected controls (n = 1,024) on sex, age (in 2-year strata), body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2); <25 vs. ≥25), and SU.VI.MAX intervention group. Conditional logistic regression was used to study the associations between prediagnostic levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, leptin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, soluble E-selectin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and cancer risk. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Plasma sICAM-1 level was positively associated with breast cancer risk (for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, multivariate odds ratio (OR) = 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 3.26; P(trend) = 0.048). Plasma hs-CRP level was positively associated with prostate cancer risk (for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, multivariate OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.28, 7.23; P(trend) = 0.03). These results suggest that prediagnostic hs-CRP and sICAM-1 levels are associated with increased prostate and breast cancer risk, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Touvier
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, INSERM U557, Paris 13 University, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France.
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Ricks-Santi LJ, Apprey V, Mason T, Wilson B, Abbas M, Hernandez W, Hooker S, Doura M, Bonney G, Dunston G, Kittles R, Ahaghotu C. Identification of genetic risk associated with prostate cancer using ancestry informative markers. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2012; 15:359-64. [PMID: 22801071 PMCID: PMC4291058 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2012.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy and a leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States with African-American (AA) men having the highest incidence and mortality rates. Given recent results from admixture mapping and genome-wide association studies for PCa in AA men, it is clear that many risk alleles are enriched in men with West African genetic ancestry. METHODS A total of 77 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) within surrounding candidate gene regions were genotyped and haplotyped using Pyrosequencing in 358 unrelated men enrolled in a PCa genetic association study at the Howard University Hospital between 2000 and 2004. Sequence analysis of promoter region single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to evaluate disruption of transcription factor-binding sites was conducted using in silico methods. RESULTS Eight AIMs were significantly associated with PCa risk after adjusting for age and West African ancestry. SNP rs1993973 (intervening sequences) had the strongest association with PCa using the log-additive genetic model (P=0.002). SNPs rs1561131 (genotypic, P=0.007), rs1963562 (dominant, P=0.01) and rs615382 (recessive, P=0.009) remained highly significant after adjusting for both age and ancestry. We also tested the independent effect of each significantly associated SNP and rs1561131 (P=0.04) and rs1963562 (P=0.04) remained significantly associated with PCa development. After multiple comparisons testing using the false discovery rate, rs1993973 remained significant. Analysis of the rs156113-, rs1963562-rs615382l and rs1993973-rs585224 haplotypes revealed that the least frequently found haplotypes in this population were significantly associated with a decreased risk of PCa (P=0.032 and 0.0017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The approach for SNP selection utilized herein showed that AIMs may not only leverage increased linkage disequilibrium in populations to identify risk and protective alleles, but may also be informative in dissecting the biology of PCa and other health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Ricks-Santi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20060, USA.
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Ørsted DD, Bojesen SE. The link between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2012; 10:49-54. [DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Arredondo M, de Bethencourt F, Treviño A, Collado A, Torres P, Barbolla L, Soriano V, de Mendoza C. Short communication: RNASEL alleles and susceptibility to infection by human retroviruses and hepatitis viruses. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012; 28:1259-61. [PMID: 22356654 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2012.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RNASEL seems to function as an intracellular restriction factor blocking the establishment of infections caused by viral agents. Herein, we investigated whether allelic variants at the RNASEL gene might influence the susceptibility to viral infections or conditions potentially linked to viral agents. The allelic distribution at codon 462 was 139 (33.9%), 204 (49.8%), and 67 (16.3%) for RR, RQ, and QQ, respectively, in 410 individuals in Spain. There were no significant differences comparing 105 blood donors and 71 patients with HIV-1 infection, 27 with chronic hepatitis C, 67 with prostate cancer, and 107 with chronic fatigue syndrome. In contrast, two-thirds of 18 patients with HTLV-1 infection and 15 with chronic hepatitis B harbored RR. Thus, polymorphisms at the RNASEL gene do not seem to influence the susceptibility to common viral infections or conditions potentially of viral etiology. The role in influencing the susceptibility to HTLV-1 or HBV chronic infection warrants further examination in larger patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Arredondo
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Treviño
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Soriano
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Bailey-Wilson JE, Childs EJ, Cropp CD, Schaid DJ, Xu J, Camp NJ, Cannon-Albright LA, Farnham JM, George A, Powell I, Carpten JD, Giles GG, Hopper JL, Severi G, English DR, Foulkes WD, Mæhle L, Møller P, Eeles R, Easton D, Guy M, Edwards S, Badzioch MD, Whittemore AS, Oakley-Girvan I, Hsieh CL, Dimitrov L, Stanford JL, Karyadi DM, Deutsch K, McIntosh L, Ostrander EA, Wiley KE, Isaacs SD, Walsh PC, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Hebbring S, Lange EM, Cooney KA, Tammela TLJ, Schleutker J, Maier C, Bochum S, Hoegel J, Grönberg H, Wiklund F, Emanuelsson M, Cancel-Tassin G, Valeri A, Cussenot O, Isaacs WB. Analysis of Xq27-28 linkage in the international consortium for prostate cancer genetics (ICPCG) families. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 13:46. [PMID: 22712434 PMCID: PMC3495053 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants are likely to contribute to a portion of prostate cancer risk. Full elucidation of the genetic etiology of prostate cancer is difficult because of incomplete penetrance and genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Current evidence suggests that genetic linkage to prostate cancer has been found on several chromosomes including the X; however, identification of causative genes has been elusive. METHODS Parametric and non-parametric linkage analyses were performed using 26 microsatellite markers in each of 11 groups of multiple-case prostate cancer families from the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG). Meta-analyses of the resultant family-specific linkage statistics across the entire 1,323 families and in several predefined subsets were then performed. RESULTS Meta-analyses of linkage statistics resulted in a maximum parametric heterogeneity lod score (HLOD) of 1.28, and an allele-sharing lod score (LOD) of 2.0 in favor of linkage to Xq27-q28 at 138 cM. In subset analyses, families with average age at onset less than 65 years exhibited a maximum HLOD of 1.8 (at 138 cM) versus a maximum regional HLOD of only 0.32 in families with average age at onset of 65 years or older. Surprisingly, the subset of families with only 2-3 affected men and some evidence of male-to-male transmission of prostate cancer gave the strongest evidence of linkage to the region (HLOD = 3.24, 134 cM). For this subset, the HLOD was slightly increased (HLOD = 3.47 at 134 cM) when families used in the original published report of linkage to Xq27-28 were excluded. CONCLUSIONS Although there was not strong support for linkage to the Xq27-28 region in the complete set of families, the subset of families with earlier age at onset exhibited more evidence of linkage than families with later onset of disease. A subset of families with 2-3 affected individuals and with some evidence of male to male disease transmission showed stronger linkage signals. Our results suggest that the genetic basis for prostate cancer in our families is much more complex than a single susceptibility locus on the X chromosome, and that future explorations of the Xq27-28 region should focus on the subset of families identified here with the strongest evidence of linkage to this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer ICPCG Group, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- University of Tampere ICPCG Group, Tampere, Finland
| | - Erica J Childs
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheryl D Cropp
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG and Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Nicola J Camp
- University of Utah ICPCG Group and Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa A Cannon-Albright
- University of Utah ICPCG Group and Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James M Farnham
- University of Utah ICPCG Group and Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Asha George
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer ICPCG Group, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isaac Powell
- African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer ICPCG Group, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - John D Carpten
- African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer ICPCG Group, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Genetic Basis of Human Disease Research Division, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- ACTANE consortium
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- ACTANE consortium
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- ACTANE consortium
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R English
- ACTANE consortium
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William D Foulkes
- ACTANE consortium
- Program in Cancer Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lovise Mæhle
- ACTANE consortium
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo,Norway
| | - Pål Møller
- ACTANE consortium
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo,Norway
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- ACTANE consortium
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Douglas Easton
- ACTANE consortium
- Cancer Research UK Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle Guy
- ACTANE consortium
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Steve Edwards
- ACTANE consortium
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Michael D Badzioch
- ACTANE consortium
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- BC/CA/HI ICPCG Group, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid Oakley-Girvan
- BC/CA/HI ICPCG Group, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California
| | - Chih-Lin Hsieh
- BC/CA/HI ICPCG Group, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Urology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Ageles, CA, USA
| | - Latchezar Dimitrov
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG and Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Janet L Stanford
- FHCRC ICPCG Group, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Danielle M Karyadi
- FHCRC ICPCG Group, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kerry Deutsch
- FHCRC ICPCG Group, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura McIntosh
- FHCRC ICPCG Group, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- FHCRC ICPCG Group, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen E Wiley
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah D Isaacs
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick C Walsh
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ethan M Lange
- University of Michigan ICPCG Group, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen A Cooney
- University of Michigan ICPCG Group, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Teuvo LJ Tammela
- University of Tampere ICPCG Group, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Centre for Laboratory Medicine and Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- University of Tampere ICPCG Group, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Centre for Laboratory Medicine and Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Christiane Maier
- University of Ulm ICPCG Group, Ulm, Germany
- Dept of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sylvia Bochum
- University of Ulm ICPCG Group, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Hoegel
- University of Ulm ICPCG Group, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP ICPCG Group, 75020, Paris, France
- Hopital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 75020, Paris, France
| | - William B Isaacs
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Álvarez-Cubero M, Saiz M, Martínez-González L, Álvarez J, Lorente J, Cozar J. [RNASEL study of genetics of prostate cancer and its relation to clinical staging]. Actas Urol Esp 2012; 36:306-11. [PMID: 22464196 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study has aimed to find a possible genetic relationship between sporadic prostate cancers. An attempt is made to establish population subgroups in patients based on the genotype found and the aggressiveness of the cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 231 patients with sporadic prostate cancer and 68 controls were selected. The subjects were selected by an urologist using clinical parameters such as PSA level and Gleason score. Both groups (patients and controls) were genotyped in RNASEL gene by sequencing the exons 1 and 3. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found between controls and patients in some of the genotyped regions of the RNASEL gene (I97L, D541E and R462Q). CONCLUSIONS Thanks to the genetic profile in some regions of the genoma, such as the RNASEL gene, together with the combination of the clinical and environmental parameters, we can suggest a care and more personalized follow-up of each patient.
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Ezelle HJ, Hassel BA. Pathologic effects of RNase-L dysregulation in immunity and proliferative control. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2012; 4:767-86. [PMID: 22202089 DOI: 10.2741/s298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endoribonuclease RNase-L is the terminal component of an RNA cleavage pathway that mediates antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities. Inactivation or dysregulation of RNase-L is associated with a compromised immune response and increased risk of cancer, accordingly its activity is tightly controlled and requires an allosteric activator, 2',5'-linked oligoadenylates, for enzymatic activity. The biological activities of RNase-L are a result of direct and indirect effects of RNA cleavage and microarray analyses have revealed that RNase-L impacts the gene expression program at multiple levels. The identification of RNase-L-regulated RNAs has provided insights into potential mechanisms by which it exerts antiproliferative, proapoptotic, senescence-inducing and innate immune activities. RNase-L protein interactors have been identified that serve regulatory functions and are implicated as alternate mechanisms of its biologic functions. Thus, while the molecular details are understood for only a subset of RNase-L activities, its regulation by small molecules and critical roles in host defense and as a candidate tumor suppressor make it a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Ezelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Fesinmeyer MD, Kwon EM, Fu R, Ostrander EA, Stanford JL. Genetic variation in RNASEL and risk for prostate cancer in a population-based case-control study. Prostate 2011; 71:1538-47. [PMID: 21360564 PMCID: PMC3130811 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linkage studies have implicated chromosome 1q24 as a putative locus for hereditary prostate cancer. The RNASEL gene maps to 1q24 and has been associated with prostate cancer risk in multiple family-based linkage studies. The RNASEL gene product combats viral infection by degrading viral RNA and inducing apoptosis of infected cells. Few studies have evaluated the role of RNASEL variants in unselected or sporadic prostate cancer, or have considered the potential interaction between RNASEL variants and patient characteristics associated with past infection. METHODS Ten SNPs in the RNASEL gene were genotyped in 1,308 prostate cancer cases and 1,267 age-matched controls from prior population-based, case-control studies. The association between each SNP and haplotype with prostate cancer risk was calculated using logistic regression. Associations stratified by Gleason score were evaluated using polytomous regression. The likelihood ratio test was used to investigate effect modification. RESULTS Two RNASEL SNPs were associated with overall increases in prostate cancer risk (OR = 1.13 for each variant allele of rs12723593; OR = 1.88 for any variant allele of rs56250729). Risk estimates did not vary substantially by Gleason score, but there was effect modification for the variant allele of rs635261 by history of prostatitis (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study identified three RNASEL variants that are associated with risk for prostate cancer. Further research is required to confirm these results and to better understand the potential role RNASEL variants may play in the etiology of sporadic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D. Fesinmeyer
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erika M. Kwon
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rong Fu
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Lin DW, FitzGerald LM, Fu R, Kwon EM, Zheng SL, Kolb S, Wiklund F, Stattin P, Isaacs WB, Xu J, Ostrander EA, Feng Z, Grönberg H, Stanford JL. Genetic variants in the LEPR, CRY1, RNASEL, IL4, and ARVCF genes are prognostic markers of prostate cancer-specific mortality. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1928-36. [PMID: 21846818 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men, accounting for more than 30,000 deaths annually. The purpose of this study was to test whether variation in selected candidate genes in biological pathways of interest for prostate cancer progression could help distinguish patients at higher risk for fatal prostate cancer. METHODS In this hypothesis-driven study, we genotyped 937 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 156 candidate genes in a population-based cohort of 1,309 prostate cancer patients. We identified 22 top-ranking SNPs (P ≤ 0.01, FDR ≤ 0.70) associated with prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). A subsequent validation study was completed in an independent population-based cohort of 2,875 prostate cancer patients. RESULTS Five SNPs were validated (P ≤ 0.05) as being significantly associated with PCSM, one each in the LEPR, CRY1, RNASEL, IL4, and ARVCF genes. Compared with patients with 0 to 2 of the at-risk genotypes those with 4 to 5 at-risk genotypes had a 50% (95% CI, 1.2-1.9) higher risk of PCSM and risk increased with the number of at-risk genotypes carried (P(trend) = 0.001), adjusting for clinicopathologic factors known to influence prognosis. CONCLUSION Five genetic markers were validated to be associated with lethal prostate cancer. IMPACT This is the first population-based study to show that germline genetic variants provide prognostic information for prostate cancer-specific survival. The clinical utility of this five-SNP panel to stratify patients at higher risk for adverse outcomes should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wei B, Xu Z, Ruan J, Zhu M, Jin K, Zhou D, Yan Z, Xuan F, Zhou H, Huang X, Zhang J, Lu P, Shao J. RNASEL Asp541Glu and Arg462Gln polymorphisms in prostate cancer risk: evidences from a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:2347-53. [PMID: 21656378 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between RNASEL Asp541Glu and Arg462Gln polymorphisms and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. However, the results remain inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the association between RNASEL polymorphisms and PCa risk, we performed a meta-analysis based on nineteen case-control studies. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. Overall, we found that both Asp541Glu and Arg462Gln polymorphisms were not associated with PCa risk (for Asp541Glu polymorphism: Glu/Glu vs. Asp/Asp: OR 1.17, 95% CI: 0.95-1.45, P = 0.13; Glu/Asp vs. Asp/Asp: OR 1.02, 95% CI: 0.92-1.14, P = 0.70; for Arg462Gln polymorphism: Gln/Gln vs. Arg/Arg: OR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.88-1.08, P = 0.62; Gln/Arg vs. Arg/Arg: OR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.91-1.04, P = 0.53). The insignificant association was maintained in the dominant and the recessive genetic models. In subgroup analyses, the significant association was not detected in Caucasian populations. However, we found the significant association of RNASEL Asp541Glu polymorphism with sporadic PCa (Glu/Glu vs. Asp/Asp: OR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04-1.59, P = 0.02; Glu/Asp vs. Asp/Asp: OR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03-1.50, P = 0.03). In conclusion, we found that these RNASEL polymorphisms were not related to overall PCa risk, especially in Caucasians. However, in subgroup analyses we found a suggestion that RNASEL 541Gln allele might be a low-penetrent risk factor for sporadic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wei
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi 214023, China.
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Chakrabarti A, Jha BK, Silverman RH. New insights into the role of RNase L in innate immunity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 31:49-57. [PMID: 21190483 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN)-inducible 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)/RNase L pathway blocks infections by some types of viruses through cleavage of viral and cellular single-stranded RNA. Viruses induce type I IFNs that initiate signaling to the OAS genes. OAS proteins are pathogen recognition receptors for the viral pathogen-associated molecular pattern, double-stranded RNA. Double-stranded RNA activates OAS to produce p(x)5'A(2'p5'A)(n); x = 1-3; n > 2 (2-5A) from ATP. Upon binding 2-5A, RNase L is converted from an inactive monomer to a potently active dimeric endoribonuclease for single-stranded RNA. RNase L contains, from N- to C-terminus, a series of 9 ankyrin repeats, a linker, several protein kinase-like motifs, and a ribonuclease domain homologous to Ire1 (involved in the unfolded protein response). In the past few years, it has become increasingly apparent that RNase L and OAS contribute to innate immunity in many ways. For example, small RNA cleavage products produced by RNase L during viral infections can signal to the retinoic acid-inducible-I like receptors to amplify and perpetuate signaling to the IFN-β gene. In addition, RNase L is now implicated in protecting the central nervous system against viral-induced demyelination. A role in tumor suppression was inferred by mapping of the RNase L gene to the hereditary prostate cancer 1 (HPC1) gene, which in turn led to discovery of the xenotropic murine leukemia-related virus. A broader role in innate immunity is suggested by involvement of RNase L in cytokine induction and endosomal pathways that suppress bacterial infections. These newly described findings about RNase L could eventually provide the basis for developing broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Chakrabarti
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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