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Narimani B, Sadeghi A, Daryani NE, Shahrokh S, Nilghaz M, Ghods M, Shafiee M, Shahparvari MR, Hekmatdoost A. Effectiveness of a novel diet in attenuation of clinical activity of disease in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized, clinical trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13791. [PMID: 38877032 PMCID: PMC11178895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake plays a pivotal role in ulcerative colitis (UC) initiation and prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined Mediterranean, low-FODMAP diet accompanied with partial enteral nutrition (PEN) on clinical and para-clinical characteristics of patients with UC. Fifty patients with active mild to moderate UC were received either a combined diet or a regular diet for 6 weeks. Before and after the intervention, disease activity index, quality of life and some inflammatory and oxidative stress factors were measured using valid and reliable questionnaires and blood sampling. Disease activity index was significantly decreased in the combined diet group in comparison to control diet group (p = 0.043), and baseline data (p < 0.001). Moreover, the quality of life score increased significantly in the combined diet group compared to the control group, and the baseline data (p < 0.001). Serum level of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) decreased significantly in the combined group (p < 0.01), while it increased in the control group non-significantly. Serum total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) changes were not statistically significant in two groups. This study indicates that this combination diet has the potential to be used as a safe and highly effective approach in patients with significant intestinal symptoms. Further clinical trial studies with different duration of intervention are needed to confirm these results.Trial registration: The study was registered on IRCT.ir with registration number of IRCT20100524004010N38, on 25/04/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Narimani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, School of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani
- Department of Gastroenterology, and Liver Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nilghaz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, School of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghods
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, School of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshad Shafiee
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, School of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shahparvari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, School of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, School of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Xu D, Peng Z, Li Y, Hou Q, Peng Y, Liu X. Progress and Clinical Applications of Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet in Crohn's Disease. Gut Liver 2024; 18:404-413. [PMID: 37842728 PMCID: PMC11096903 DOI: 10.5009/gnl230093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. Although the pharmacotherapies for Crohn's disease are constantly updating, nutritional support and adjuvant therapies have recently gained more attention. Due to advancements in clinical nutrition, various clinical nutritional therapies are used to treat Crohn's disease. Doctors treating inflammatory bowel disease can now offer several diets with more flexibility than ever. The Crohn's disease exclusion diet is a widely used diet for patients with active Crohn's disease. The Crohn's disease exclusion diet requires both exclusion and inclusion. Periodic exclusion of harmful foods and inclusion of wholesome foods gradually improves a patient's nutritional status. This article reviews the Crohn's disease exclusion diet, including its structure, mechanisms, research findings, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Xu
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziheng Peng
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Li
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Hou
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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3
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Lee JY, Tiffany CR, Mahan SP, Kellom M, Rogers AWL, Nguyen H, Stevens ET, Masson HLP, Yamazaki K, Marco ML, Eloe-Fadrosh EA, Turnbaugh PJ, Bäumler AJ. High fat intake sustains sorbitol intolerance after antibiotic-mediated Clostridia depletion from the gut microbiota. Cell 2024; 187:1191-1205.e15. [PMID: 38366592 PMCID: PMC11023689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrate intolerance, commonly linked to the consumption of lactose, fructose, or sorbitol, affects up to 30% of the population in high-income countries. Although sorbitol intolerance is attributed to malabsorption, the underlying mechanism remains unresolved. Here, we show that a history of antibiotic exposure combined with high fat intake triggered long-lasting sorbitol intolerance in mice by reducing Clostridia abundance, which impaired microbial sorbitol catabolism. The restoration of sorbitol catabolism by inoculation with probiotic Escherichia coli protected mice against sorbitol intolerance but did not restore Clostridia abundance. Inoculation with the butyrate producer Anaerostipes caccae restored a normal Clostridia abundance, which protected mice against sorbitol-induced diarrhea even when the probiotic was cleared. Butyrate restored Clostridia abundance by stimulating epithelial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) signaling to restore epithelial hypoxia in the colon. Collectively, these mechanistic insights identify microbial sorbitol catabolism as a potential target for approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sorbitol intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yon Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Connor R Tiffany
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Scott P Mahan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Matthew Kellom
- Environmental Genomics & Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew W L Rogers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Henry Nguyen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eric T Stevens
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hugo L P Masson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kohei Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Emiley A Eloe-Fadrosh
- Environmental Genomics & Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andreas J Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Huynh D, Khaing MM. Exploring the Interconnections of Functional Gut Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Review Article. Cureus 2024; 16:e53699. [PMID: 38322093 PMCID: PMC10846347 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This review reveals details of the interaction between disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by providing an in-depth review of that relationship. The review provides a nuanced understanding of this multifaceted dynamic by spanning shared symptomatology, the impact of inflammation on functional aspects, and addressing diagnostic challenges, psychological influences, treatment strategies, and emerging research directions. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying gaps in understanding, this article aims to contribute to the evolving discourse surrounding the interplay between IBD and DGBI, offering valuable insights for clinicians, researchers, and healthcare professionals navigating the complexities of gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Huynh
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, AUS
| | - Myat Myat Khaing
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, AUS
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5
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Lomer MCE. The low FODMAP diet in clinical practice: where are we and what are the long-term considerations? Proc Nutr Soc 2024; 83:17-27. [PMID: 37415490 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123003579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) improves functional bowel symptoms and is a second-line dietary management strategy for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The diet is complex and involves three stages: restriction, reintroduction and personalisation and clinical effectiveness is achieved with dietitian-led education; however, this is not always available. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the evidence for using the low FODMAP diet, with a focus on the impact of FODMAP restriction and reintroduction considering long-term management of IBS in a clinical setting. Randomised controlled trials have assessed symptom response, quality of life, dietary intake and changes to the gut microbiota during FODMAP restriction. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses consistently report that FODMAP restriction has a better symptom response compared with control diets and a network analysis reports the low FODMAP diet is superior to other dietary treatments for IBS. Research focused on FODMAP reintroduction and personalisation is limited and of lower quality, however common dietary triggers include wheat, onion, garlic, pulses and milk. Dietitian-led delivery of the low FODMAP diet is not always available and alternative education delivery methods, e.g. webinars, apps and leaflets, are available but remove the personalised approach and may be less acceptable to patients and may introduce safety concerns in terms of nutritional adequacy. Predicting response to the low FODMAP diet using symptom severity or a biomarker is of great interest. More evidence on less restrictive approaches and non-dietitian-led education delivery methods are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda C E Lomer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, Stamford Street, London, UK
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6
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Pan Y, Zhang H, Li M, He T, Guo S, Zhu L, Tan J, Wang B. Novel approaches in IBD therapy: targeting the gut microbiota-bile acid axis. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2356284. [PMID: 38769683 PMCID: PMC11110704 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2356284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Disturbed gut microbiota and abnormal bile acid (BA) metabolism are notable in IBD, suggesting a bidirectional relationship. Specifically, the diversity of the gut microbiota influences BA composition, whereas altered BA profiles can disrupt the microbiota. IBD patients often exhibit increased primary bile acid and reduced secondary bile acid concentrations due to a diminished bacteria population essential for BA metabolism. This imbalance activates BA receptors, undermining intestinal integrity and immune function. Consequently, targeting the microbiota-BA axis may rectify these disturbances, offering symptomatic relief in IBD. Here, the interplay between gut microbiota and bile acids (BAs) is reviewed, with a particular focus on the role of gut microbiota in mediating bile acid biotransformation, and contributions of the gut microbiota-BA axis to IBD pathology to unveil potential novel therapeutic avenues for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tingjing He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Sihao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological & Chemical engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
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7
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Manski S, Noverati N, Policarpo T, Rubin E, Shivashankar R. Diet and Nutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of the Literature. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2024; 6:otad077. [PMID: 38213632 PMCID: PMC10782214 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet is thought to contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and may act as a mediator of inflammation in patients with IBD. Patients commonly associate their diet with symptoms and inquire about dietary modifications to manage their IBD. Without clinical guidelines and well-established nutritional data, healthcare providers managing patients with IBD may find it difficult to provide recommendations. Strong evidence for enteral nutrition, particularly in the pediatric population, has been established in Crohn's disease (CD) as a therapeutic option. Enteral nutrition may also serve as an adjunct to an exclusion diet. Recent studies such as the randomized trial comparing the Specific Carbohydrate Diet to a Mediterranean Diet in CD patients provide additional insights in forming dietary plans. A low-fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet in quiescent IBD and an anti-inflammatory diet have also been explored as adjunctive therapies. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence for the role of diet in IBD both as a therapeutic modality and as an opportunity to provide patient-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Manski
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas Noverati
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tatiana Policarpo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Rubin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raina Shivashankar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Tian S, Paudel D, Hao F, Neupane R, Castro R, Patterson AD, Tiwari AK, Prabhu KS, Singh V. Refined fiber inulin promotes inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis by modulating microbial succinate production. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1863. [PMID: 37489647 PMCID: PMC10644334 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is an increased risk of colon cancer associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dietary fibers (DFs) naturally present in vegetables and whole grains offer numerous beneficial effects on intestinal health. However, the effects of refined DFs on intestinal health remain unclear. Therefore, we elucidated the impact of the refined DF inulin on colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis. METHODS Four-week-old wild-type (WT) mice were fed diets containing insoluble DF cellulose (control) or refined DF inulin for 4 weeks. A subgroup of mice was then switched to drinking water containing dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 1.4% wt/vol) for colitis induction. In another subgroup of mice, colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) was initiated with three 7-day alternate cycles of DSS following an initial dose of mutagenic substance azoxymethane (AOM; 7.5 mg/kg body weight; i.p.). Post 7 weeks of AOM treatment, mice were euthanized and examined for CRC development. RESULTS Mice consuming inulin-containing diet exhibited severe colitis upon DSS administration, as evidenced by more body weight loss, rectal bleeding, and increased colonic inflammation than the DSS-treated control group. Correspondingly, histological analysis revealed extensive disruption of colon architecture and massive infiltration of immune cells in the inulin-fed group. We next examined the effect of inulin on CRC development. Surprisingly, significant mortality (~50%) was observed in the inulin-fed but not in the control group during the DSS cycle. Consequently, the remaining inulin-fed mice, which completed the study exhibited extensive colon tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemical characterization showed comparatively high expression of the cell proliferation marker Ki67 and activation of the Wnt signaling in tumor sections obtained from the inulin-fed group. Gut microbiota and metabolite analysis revealed expansion of succinate producers and elevated cecal succinate in inulin-fed mice. Human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116) proliferated more rapidly when supplemented with succinate in an inflamed environment, suggesting that elevated luminal succinate may contribute to tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovers that supplementation of diet with refined inulin induces abnormal succinate accumulation in the intestinal lumen, which in part contributes to promoting colon inflammation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangshan Tian
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Devendra Paudel
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rabin Neupane
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
| | - Rita Castro
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
| | - K. Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
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Saeed S, Ekhator C, Abdelaziz AM, Naveed H, Karski A, Cook DE, Reddy SM, Affaf M, Khan SJ, Bellegarde SB, Rehman A, Hasan AH, Shehryar A. Revolutionizing Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Innovative Dietary Strategies and Future Directions. Cureus 2023; 15:e44304. [PMID: 37664362 PMCID: PMC10470660 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive narrative review delves into the intricate interplay between diet and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), shedding light on the potential impact of dietary interventions in disease management. By analyzing nutritional interventions, risks, challenges, and future perspectives, this review serves as a vital resource for clinicians, researchers, and patients alike. The amalgamation of evidence underscores the significance of customizing dietary strategies for individual patients, considering disease phenotype and cultural factors. Through an exploration of dietary components' effects on IBD, including exclusive enteral nutrition and omega-3 fatty acids, this review offers pragmatic implementation advice and outlines avenues for further research. Bridging the gap between research findings and clinical applications, the review facilitates informed decision-making and patient-centric care. In the face of escalating IBD prevalence, this review emerges as an indispensable guide for healthcare professionals, empowering them to navigate the complexities of dietary management while enabling patients to actively participate in their care trajectory. Ultimately, this narrative review advances the understanding of diet's pivotal role in IBD management, fostering a more integrated approach to patient care and paving the way for improved research and policy initiatives in the field of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzeb Saeed
- Internal Medicine, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, PAK
| | - Chukwuyem Ekhator
- Neuro-Oncology, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA
| | - Ali M Abdelaziz
- Internal Medicine, Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, EGY
| | - Husnain Naveed
- Internal Medicine, Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, PAK
| | - Amanda Karski
- Emergency Medicine, American University of Antigua, Miami, USA
| | - Daniel E Cook
- Medicine, Avalon University School of Medicine, Youngstown, USA
| | - Shivani M Reddy
- Medicine, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| | - Maryam Affaf
- Internal Medicine, Women's Medical and Dental College, Abbotabad, PAK
| | - Salman J Khan
- Hematology & Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Sophia B Bellegarde
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Antigua, St. John's, ATG
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10
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Dimidi E, Belogianni K, Whelan K, Lomer MCE. Gut Symptoms during FODMAP Restriction and Symptom Response to Food Challenges during FODMAP Reintroduction: A Real-World Evaluation in 21,462 Participants Using a Mobile Application. Nutrients 2023; 15:2683. [PMID: 37375587 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence regarding the use of low FODMAP diet apps. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an app intended to reduce symptoms in FODMAP restriction and symptoms and tolerance of high FODMAP food challenges during FODMAP reintroduction and personalisation. METHODS Data were collected from 21,462 users of a low FODMAP diet app. Self-reported gut symptoms during FODMAP restriction, reintroduction, and personalisation and dietary triggers were identified from symptom response data for FODMAP food challenges. RESULTS Compared with baseline, at the end of FODMAP restriction, participants (n = 20,553) reported significantly less overall symptoms (11,689 (57%) versus 9105 (44%)), abdominal pain (8196 (40%) versus 6822 (33%)), bloating (11,265 (55%) versus 9146 (44%)), flatulence (10,318 (50%) 8272 (40%)), and diarrhoea (6284 (31%) versus 4961 (24%)) and significantly more constipation (5448 (27%) versus 5923 (29%)) (p < 0.001 for all). During FODMAP reintroduction, participants (n = 2053) completed 8760 food challenges; the five most frequent challenges and n/N (%) of dietary triggers identified were wheat bread 474/1146 (41%), onion 359/918 (39%), garlic 245/699 (35%), milk 274/687 (40%), and wheat pasta 222/548 (41%). The most frequently reported symptoms during food challenges were overall symptoms, abdominal pain, bloating, and flatulence. CONCLUSIONS In a real-world setting, a low FODMAP diet app can help users improve gut symptoms and detect dietary triggers for long-term self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Dimidi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Katerina Belogianni
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Kevin Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Miranda C E Lomer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
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11
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Saracino IM, Spisni E, Imbesi V, Ricci C, Dussias NK, Alvisi P, Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Valerii MC. The Bidirectional Link between Nutritional Factors and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Dietary Deficits, Habits, and Recommended Interventions-A Narrative Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12101987. [PMID: 37238805 DOI: 10.3390/foods12101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases comprise Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, two chronic inflammatory disorders of the digestive tract that develop in adolescence and early adulthood and show a rising pattern in industrialized societies, as well as in developing countries, being strongly influenced by environmental pressures such as nutrition, pollution and lifestyle behaviors. Here, we provide a narrative review of the bidirectional link between nutritional factors and IBD, of dietary deficits observed in IBD patients due to both the disease itself and dietary habits, and of the suggested nutritional interventions. Research of the literature was conducted. Clinical and basic research studies consistently demonstrate that diet could alter the risk of developing IBD in predisposed individuals. On the other hand, dietary interventions represent a valid tool in support of conventional therapies to control IBD symptoms, rebalance states of malnutrition, promote/maintain clinical remission and improve patients' quality of life. Although there are no official dietary guidelines for patients with IBD, they should receive nutritional advice and undergo oral, enteral, or parenteral nutritional supplementation if needed. However, the dietary management of malnutrition in IBD patients is complex; future clinical studies are required to standardize its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Maria Saracino
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enzo Spisni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Imbesi
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Ricci
- Gastroenterology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Piazza del Mercato 15, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Nikolas Konstantine Dussias
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Alvisi
- Pediatric Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Largo Bartolo Nigrisoli, 2, 40133 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Gionchetti
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fernando Rizzello
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Valerii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Abbas N, Shakil M, Akhtar Rana Z, Basharat Ali S, Ayub Awan A, Gul S. A Systematic Review of the Role of Diet in Ulcerative Colitis. Cureus 2023; 15:e39350. [PMID: 37351247 PMCID: PMC10284595 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum. Diet is an important part of UC management because it can either aggravate or alleviate symptoms along with medication therapy. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using multiple databases (PubMed and Online Wiley Library) and search engines (Google Scholar) using specific keywords related to UC and diet. The search resulted in a large number of articles, which were then narrowed down by focusing on clinical trials and randomized controlled trials published between 2010 and 2023. According to the research, certain dietary interventions, such as the low FODMAP diet, the Mediterranean diet, and the anti-inflammatory diet, appear to improve symptoms and overall quality of life. Dietary interventions have the potential to help with UC management. The goal should be to provide patients with tailored dietary interventions and other treatments to improve their quality of life. More research is needed to identify the most effective dietary interventions and better understand how they work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Abbas
- Trauma and Emergency, Combined Military Hospital, Sialkot, PAK
| | - Mahrukh Shakil
- Internal Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Sialkot, PAK
| | | | | | - Ammad Ayub Awan
- Internal Medicine, District Headquarter Hospital, Khushab, PAK
| | - Saman Gul
- Internal Medicine, Niazi Medical and Dental College, Sargodha, PAK
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13
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Role of an Exclusion Diet (Reduced Disaccharides, Saturated Fats, Emulsifiers, Red and Ultraprocessed Meats) in Maintaining the Remission of Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Adults. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020329. [PMID: 36837530 PMCID: PMC9959761 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Inflammatory bowel diseases are a main focus in current research, with diet being an emerging therapeutic line due to its links in both onset and progression. A Western-style diet high in processed foods, food additives, red meat, and animal fat has been linked to a higher risk of developing IBD. The aim of this study was to establish an association between an anti-inflammatory exclusion diet and maintenance of remission in IBD. Also, we assessed the efficacy and safety of this diet compared to a non-dietary group and the possible therapeutic effect of this diet in the maintenance of IBD remission. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 patients with IBD were screened for inclusion, but 21 did not met the inclusion criteria. Thus, 139 patients were assigned to either an exclusion diet or a regular diet according to their choice. Results: Clinical remission after six months was maintained in the exclusion diet arm (100%). In the control arm, four patients had clinically active disease (one patient with UC and three with CD), and 90 patients maintained the clinical remission state (95.7%) (p-value = 0.157). Regarding biochemical markers, ESR at baseline was higher in the exclusion diet arm: 29 (5-62) versus in the control arm 16 (4-48) (p-value = 0.019), but six months after, the groups were similar (p-value = 0.440). Conclusions: Patients who followed an exclusion diet maintained clinical remission more frequently. However, the threshold for statistical significance was not achieved. There was also a trend of improvement in inflammation tests in the intervention group.
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14
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Lomer MCE, Wilson B, Wall CL. British Dietetic Association consensus guidelines on the nutritional assessment and dietary management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:336-377. [PMID: 35735908 PMCID: PMC10084145 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increased awareness of diet and nutrition being integral to the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there are gaps in the knowledge of IBD healthcare providers regarding nutrition. Furthermore, high quality evidence on nutritional assessment and dietary management of IBD is limited. A Delphi consensus from a panel of experts allows for best-practice guidelines to be developed, especially where high quality evidence is limited. The aim was to develop guidelines for the nutritional assessment and dietary management of IBD using an eDelphi online consensus agreement platform. METHODS Seventeen research topics related to IBD and nutrition were systematically reviewed. Searches in Cochrane, Embase®, Medline® and Scopus® electronic databases were performed. GRADE was used to develop recommendations. Experts from the IBD community (healthcare professionals and patients with IBD) were invited to vote anonymously on the recommendations in a custom-built online platform. Three rounds of voting were carried out with updated iterations of the recommendations and evaluative text based on feedback from the previous round. RESULTS From 23,824 non-duplicated papers, 167 were critically appraised. Fifty-five participants completed three rounds of voting and 14 GRADE statements and 42 practice statements achieved 80% consensus. Comprehensive guidance related to nutrition assessment, nutrition screening and dietary management is provided. CONCLUSIONS Guidelines on the nutritional assessment and dietary management of IBD have been developed using evidence-based consensus to improve equality of care. The statements and practice statements developed demonstrate the level of agreement and the quality and strength of the guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda C E Lomer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bridgette Wilson
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine L Wall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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15
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Reznikov EA, Suskind DL. Current Nutritional Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Improving Clinical Remission Rates and Sustainability of Long-Term Dietary Therapies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030668. [PMID: 36771373 PMCID: PMC9920576 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) includes a spectrum of chronic immune-mediated intestinal diseases thought to be related to the complex interaction between the host immune system and the intestinal microbiome. Research supports the use of nutritional therapy in IBD; however, it is not routinely used in clinical practice. This literature review seeks to advance the understanding of diet and its effect in IBD with a focus on both Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). The contribution of diet to the development and treatment of IBD cannot be overstated. In both pediatric as well as adult IBD, nutritional interventions have been shown to improve clinical symptoms as well as inflammatory burden. The impact of dietary intervention is best exemplified through the use of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition (EEN) in CD. EEN and clinical research on exclusionary whole food diets-Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED), Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD), low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet, and Mediterranean Diet-are discussed within this review. Current clinical literature supports the elimination of detrimental components and the incorporation of low processed whole foods in the diet. Additional prospective and longitudinal dietary studies on sustainable and long-term dietary options, along with a deeper understanding of the mechanism, are needed to further advance the role of nutritional interventions in IBD.
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16
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Gubatan J, Kulkarni CV, Talamantes SM, Temby M, Fardeen T, Sinha SR. Dietary Exposures and Interventions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Evidence and Emerging Concepts. Nutrients 2023; 15:579. [PMID: 36771288 PMCID: PMC9921630 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is intimately linked to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and has potent effects on intestinal immune homeostasis. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. The therapeutic implications of diet in patients with IBD have received significant attention in recent years. In this review, we provide a contemporary and comprehensive overview of dietary exposures and interventions in IBD. Epidemiological studies suggest that ultra-processed foods, food additives, and emulsifiers are associated with a higher incidence of IBD. Exclusion and elimination diets are associated with improved symptoms in patients with IBD, but no effects on objective markers of inflammation. Specific dietary interventions (e.g., Mediterranean, specific carbohydrate, high fiber, ketogenic, anti-inflammatory diets) have been shown to reduce symptoms, improve inflammatory biomarkers, and quality of life metrics to varying degrees, but these studies are limited by study design, underpowering, heterogeneity, and confounding. To date, there is no robust evidence that any dietary intervention alone may replace standard therapies in patients with IBD. However, diet may play an adjunct role to induce or maintain clinical remission with standard IBD therapies. The results of novel dietary trials in IBD such as personalized fiber, intermittent fasting, and time-restricted diets are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gubatan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chiraag V. Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah Melissa Talamantes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michelle Temby
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Touran Fardeen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sidhartha R. Sinha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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17
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Di Rosa C, Altomare A, Imperia E, Spiezia C, Khazrai YM, Guarino MPL. The Role of Dietary Fibers in the Management of IBD Symptoms. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224775. [PMID: 36432460 PMCID: PMC9696206 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic, progressive, immune-mediated diseases of the intestinal tract. The main subtypes of IBDs are Chron's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The etiology is still unclear, but there are genetic, environmental and host-related factors that contribute to the development of these diseases. Recent literature has shown that dietary therapy is the cornerstone of IBD treatment in terms of management of symptoms, relapse and care of the pathology. IBD patients show that microbiota dysbiosis and diet, especially dietary fiber, can modulate its composition. These patients are more at risk of energy protein malnutrition than the general population and are deficient in micronutrients. So far, no dietary component is considered responsible for IBD and there is not a specific therapeutic diet for it. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of dietary fibers in CD and UC and help health professionals in the nutritional management of these pathologies. Further studies are necessary to determine the appropriate amount and type of fiber to suggest in the case of IBD to ameliorate psychosocial conditions and patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Rosa
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Altomare
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Imperia
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Spiezia
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Yeganeh Manon Khazrai
- Research Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Nutrition and Prevention, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Pier Luca Guarino
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
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18
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Pessarelli T, Sorge A, Elli L, Costantino A. The low-FODMAP diet and the gluten-free diet in the management of functional abdominal bloating and distension. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1007716. [PMID: 36424920 PMCID: PMC9678936 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1007716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of low-FODMAP diet and gluten-free diet in functional abdominal bloating and distension, an emerging disorder of gut-brain interaction characterized by remarkable costs for healthcare systems and a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Ingested food plays a key role in the pathophysiology of disorders of gut-brain interaction as up to 84% of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) report food-triggered symptoms. Potential pathogenetic mechanisms of food-related symptoms in these patients are discussed, focusing on bloating and abdominal distension. These mechanisms provide the rationale for dietary treatment in patients with functional abdominal bloating and distension. The role of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) and gluten in functional abdominal bloating and distension is examined. Current literature evaluating the efficacy of the low-FODMAP diet and the gluten-free diet in abdominal bloating and distension is analyzed. Available evidence originates mainly from studies on patients with IBS, since clinical studies on selected cohorts of patients with only functional abdominal bloating and distension have been missing to date. Promising evidence on the potential efficacy of the low-FODMAP diet in functional abdominal bloating and distension is provided by the reduction of the bloating observed in patients with IBS. Regarding the gluten-free diet, there is insufficient evidence to recommend it to reduce bloating and abdominal distension. In conclusion, this review asserts the need for a close collaboration with experts in nutrition to optimize the management of these patients and reduce the risks associated with elimination diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Pessarelli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sorge
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Elli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Costantino
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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19
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A Discussion of Whether Various Lifestyle Changes can Alleviate the Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10102011. [PMID: 36292457 PMCID: PMC9602372 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) causes abdominal pain during bowel movements and is diagnosed according to the Rome IV international diagnostic criteria. Patients diagnosed as having IBS experience abdominal pain at least 1 day/week, on average, over a 3-month period and not 3 days per month. A diagnosis of IBS is confirmed if symptoms have persisted for more than 6 months. IBS symptoms negatively affect daily life. First, improving daily habits are important to ameliorating IBS symptoms. IBS symptoms can be alleviated by staying active, sleeping, resting and staying stress-free. In addition, it is important to eat three, balanced meals a day on a regular basis and avoid overeating, especially at night. Spicy foods, high-fat foods, and alcohol can exacerbate symptoms. Researchers found, in a literature review, that IBS symptoms can be ameliorated by improving daily habits, thus relieving abdominal pain and the defecation symptoms of IBS.
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20
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Fitzpatrick JA, Melton SL, Yao CK, Gibson PR, Halmos EP. Dietary management of adults with IBD - the emerging role of dietary therapy. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:652-669. [PMID: 35577903 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Historically, dietitians played a minor part in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Patients were commonly referred for consequences of uncontrolled disease, such as malnutrition and bowel obstruction risk. Today, dietitians are fundamental members of the multidisciplinary IBD team, from educating on the role of diet at diagnosis and throughout the lifespan of a patient with IBD to guiding primary induction therapy. This aspect is reflected in published guidelines for IBD management, which previously placed diet as only a minor factor, but now have diet-specific publications. This Review describes a four-step approach in a dietitian's assessment and management of diet in patients with IBD: (1) identifying and correcting nutritional gaps and dietary imbalances; (2) considering diet to treat active disease with the use of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) or emerging diets that could replace EEN; (3) using therapeutic diets to control existing complications of IBD, such as reduced fibre to prevent bowel obstruction in stricturing disease or a fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols diet to manage co-existing functional gut symptoms; and (4) considering the role of diet in preventing IBD development in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Fitzpatrick
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah L Melton
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chu Kion Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma P Halmos
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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21
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Michalak A, Kasztelan-Szczerbińska B, Cichoż-Lach H. Impact of Obesity on the Course of Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193983. [PMID: 36235636 PMCID: PMC9573343 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is already well-known that visceral adipose tissue is inseparably related to the pathogenesis, activity, and general outcome of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We are getting closer and closer to the molecular background of this loop, finding certain relationships between activated mesenteric tissue and inflammation within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, relatively new data have been uncovered, indicating a direct impact of body fat on the pattern of pharmacological treatment in the course of IBD. On the other hand, ileal and colonic types of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis appear to be more diversified than it was thought in the past. However, the question arises whether at this stage we are able to translate this knowledge into the practical management of IBD patients or we are still exploring the scientific background of this pathology, having no specific tools to be used directly in patients. Our review explores IBD in the context of obesity and associated disorders, focusing on adipokines, creeping fat, and possible relationships between these disorders and the treatment of IBD patients.
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22
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Ribeiro M, Ferreira D, Siopa J, Rodríguez-Quijano M, Nunes FM. Natural Variation in the Content and Degree of Polymerization of Fructans in Wheat: Potential for Selection of Genotypes with Beneficial Health Composition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10929-10939. [PMID: 36001448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fructans are important biocompounds because of their health-promoting effects as dietary fiber and prebiotics and also because of their harmful effects as fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) particularly in people suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and recently as potential triggers of non-celiac wheat/gluten sensitivity. In this work, we have analyzed the fructan contents as well as its degree of polymerization (DP) in a genetically diverse set of wheat varieties, modern and landraces, from different commonly consumed species (N = 124). A significant variation in fructan contents within and between species was observed, with the following relationship: Triticum aestivum (Landraces) > Triticum aestivum (Modern) ≥ Triticum turgidum (Modern) = T. turgidum (Landraces) ≥ Triticum spelta. In addition, a substantial part of the fructans (>50%) showed a DP ≤ 6. Considering that wheat is a major source of fructans, our results can contribute to a better nutritional management of our diets and be a basis for targeted wheat breeding to alter fructan contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ribeiro
- CQ-VR, Chemistry Research Centre, Chemistry Department, Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ferreira
- BioISI─Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Siopa
- CQ-VR, Chemistry Research Centre, Chemistry Department, Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Quijano
- Unit of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, UPM, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando M Nunes
- CQ-VR, Chemistry Research Centre, Chemistry Department, Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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23
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Zhang P. Influence of Foods and Nutrition on the Gut Microbiome and Implications for Intestinal Health. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179588. [PMID: 36076980 PMCID: PMC9455721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food components in our diet provide not only necessary nutrients to our body but also substrates for the mutualistic microbial flora in our gastrointestinal tract, termed the gut microbiome. Undigested food components are metabolized to a diverse array of metabolites. Thus, what we eat shapes the structure, composition, and function of the gut microbiome, which interacts with the gut epithelium and mucosal immune system and maintains intestinal homeostasis in a healthy state. Alterations of the gut microbiome are implicated in many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is growing interest in nutritional therapy to target the gut microbiome in IBD. Investigations into dietary effects on the composition changes in the gut microbiome flourished in recent years, but few focused on gut physiology. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the impacts of major food components and their metabolites on the gut and health consequences, specifically within the GI tract. Additionally, the influence of the diet on the gut microbiome-host immune system interaction in IBD is also discussed. Understanding the influence of the diet on the interaction of the gut microbiome and the host immune system will be useful in developing nutritional strategies to maintain gut health and restore a healthy microbiome in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, China
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24
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Wils P, Caron B, D’Amico F, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Abdominal Pain in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Clinical Challenge. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154269. [PMID: 35893357 PMCID: PMC9331632 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 60% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients experience abdominal pain in their lifetime regardless of disease activity. Pain negatively affects different areas of daily life and particularly impacts the quality of life of IBD patients. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the multifactorial etiology implicated in the chronic abdominal pain of IBD patients including peripheral sensitization by inflammation, coexistent irritable bowel syndrome, visceral hypersensitivity, alteration of the brain–gut axis, and the multiple factors contributing to pain persistence. Despite the optimal management of intestinal inflammation, chronic abdominal pain can persist, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches are necessary. Integrating psychological support in care models in IBD could decrease disease burden and health care costs. Consequently, a multidisciplinary approach similar to that used for other chronic pain conditions should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Wils
- Department of Gastroenterology, Claude Huriez Hospital, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-320-445343
| | - Bénédicte Caron
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (L.P.-B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Lorraine, Inserm, NGERE, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Ferdinando D’Amico
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.D.); (S.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.D.); (S.D.)
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, F-54000 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (L.P.-B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Lorraine, Inserm, NGERE, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Krela-Kaźmierczak I, Zakerska-Banaszak O, Skrzypczak-Zielińska M, Łykowska-Szuber L, Szymczak-Tomczak A, Zawada A, Rychter AM, Ratajczak AE, Skoracka K, Skrzypczak D, Marcinkowska E, Słomski R, Dobrowolska A. Where Do We Stand in the Behavioral Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease? The Western Dietary Pattern and Microbiota-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122520. [PMID: 35745251 PMCID: PMC9230670 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing knowledge with regard to IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), the etiology of these conditions is still not fully understood. Apart from immunological, environmental and nutritional factors, which have already been well documented, it is worthwhile to look at the possible impact of genetic factors, as well as the composition of the microbiota in patients suffering from IBD. New technologies in biochemistry allow to obtain information that can add to the current state of knowledge in IBD etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (I.K.-K.); (O.Z.-B.); (D.S.)
| | - Oliwia Zakerska-Banaszak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.-Z.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (I.K.-K.); (O.Z.-B.); (D.S.)
| | | | - Liliana Łykowska-Szuber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Aleksandra Szymczak-Tomczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Agnieszka Zawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Anna Maria Rychter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Ewa Ratajczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Kinga Skoracka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Skrzypczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (I.K.-K.); (O.Z.-B.); (D.S.)
| | - Emilia Marcinkowska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Ryszard Słomski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.-Z.); (R.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
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Castro-Garduño H, Flores-Merino MV, Bedolla-Barajas M, Domínguez-García MV. [Self-reported prevalence of fructan food hypersensitivity in university students from the State of Mexico]. REVISTA ALERGIA MÉXICO 2022; 69:7-13. [PMID: 36927746 DOI: 10.29262/ram.v69i1.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the self-reported prevalence of fructans food hypersensitivity in a sample of Mexican university students and to investigate the most frequent symptoms, the related foods involved, risk factors and gastrointestinal function status. METHODS A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in a convenience sample of 412 university students aged from 18 to 35 years. Data were collected about their personal and family history of gastrointestinal diseases, the presence of symptoms after consumption of certain foods, and the severity of their symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of fructans food hypersensitivity was 31.1 %; it was higher in women than in men. The most frequent gastrointestinal symptoms were bloating and flatulence. The most frequent extra-intestinal symptoms were fatigue and stress. The food groups related to the occurrence of symptoms were legumes, vegetables, and fruits. Significant association was found between female sex, personal and family history of gastrointestinal diseases and the presence of fructans food hypersensitivity (p < 0.05). Most individuals with fructans food hypersensitivity had mild gastrointestinal dysfunction (67.2 %). CONCLUSIONS FFH is a common condition, it was found in one third of university students and occurs mainly in women. More research and diffusion about this pathology is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helien Castro-Garduño
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Medicina, Estado de México, México
| | - Miriam V Flores-Merino
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química, Estado de México, México
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27
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Simões CD, Maganinho M, Sousa AS. FODMAPs, inflammatory bowel disease and gut microbiota: updated overview on the current evidence. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:1187-1198. [PMID: 34988652 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Based on the fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) hypothesis, the low-FODMAP diet has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with promising results on disease management. However, this diet implies a specific broad food restriction, which potentially increases the risk of nutritional deficiencies and may aggravate gut microbiota dysbiosis of IBD patients. The aim of the present study is to review the effect of individual FODMAPs on the human gut microbiota. In addition, this narrative review provides an updated overview of the use of the low-FODMAP diet in IBD, namely the implementation, advantages, limitations, and the impact on the gut microbiota. METHODS The literature search strategy was applied to PubMed and Web of Science using relevant keywords, IBD, FODMAPs, Fructose, Lactose, Polyols, FOS, GOS, low-FODMAP diet and gut microbiota. RESULTS Current data suggest that the low-FODMAP diet may effectively improve clinical outcomes in the management of IBD and ensure better quality of life for IBD patients. However, there is evidence highlighting some issues of concern, particularly the adequacy of the diet and the impact on the gut microbiota. The various FODMAP types differently modulate the gut microbiota. CONCLUSION IBD management should be achieved with the least possible dietary restriction to avoid detrimental consequences, particularly on nutritional adequacy and gut microbiota. Thus, it is important to individualize and monitor the nutrition intervention. Further studies are required to better characterize the relationship between diet, the gut microbiota, and IBD to support the generalization of this approach for clinical practice in IBD therapy and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina D Simões
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- CIBIO-InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Marta Maganinho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana S Sousa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechcare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal.
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28
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A Combination of Mediterranean and Low-FODMAP Diets for Managing IBS Symptoms? Ask Your Gut! Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040751. [PMID: 35456802 PMCID: PMC9032697 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among other factors, food intolerance is cardinal in triggering irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms in a significant percentage of patients. As a result, specific dietary patterns are the first-line therapeutic approach. The low-FODMAP diet (LFD) is gaining ground as the most well-documented diet intervention that significantly reduces IBS symptoms. Though the LFD improves symptoms, the diet’s impact on intestinal low-grade inflammation, one of the cardinal mechanisms contributing to symptom development, remains doubtful. On the other hand, the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is recommended for chronic low-grade inflammation-related diseases because of its anti-inflammatory properties, derived predominantly from olive oil and phenolic compounds. Thus far, the role of a modified LFD, enriched with the MedDiet’s anti-inflammatory components, has not been evaluated in IBS patients. This review aims to examine the hypothesis of a potential combination of the immunomodulatory effects of the MedDiet with the LFD to improve IBS symptoms.
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29
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He P, Yu L, Tian F, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Dietary Patterns and Gut Microbiota: The Crucial Actors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1628-1651. [PMID: 35348593 PMCID: PMC9526834 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that diet and the gut microbiota are strongly related to the occurrence and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the effects of the interaction between dietary patterns and the gut microbiota on IBD have not been well elucidated. In this article, we aim to explore the complex relation between dietary patterns, gut microbiota, and IBD. We first comprehensively summarized the dietary patterns associated with IBD and found that dietary patterns can modulate the occurrence and progression of IBD through various signaling pathways, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and NF-κB. Besides, the gut microbiota performs a vital role in the progression of IBD, which can affect the expression of IBD susceptibility genes, such as dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) and APOA-1 , the intestinal barrier (in particular, the expression of tight junction proteins), immune function (especially the homeostasis between effector and regulatory T cells) and the physiological metabolism, in particular, SCFAs, bile acids (BAs), and tryptophan metabolism. Finally, we reviewed the current knowledge on the interaction between dietary patterns and the gut microbiota in IBD and found that dietary patterns modulate the onset and progression of IBD, which is partly attributed to the regulation of the gut microbiota (especially SCFAs-producing bacteria and Escherichia coli). Faecalibacteria as "microbiomarkers" of IBD could be used as a target for dietary interventions to alleviate IBD. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between dietary intake, gut microbiota, and IBD will facilitate the development of personalized dietary strategies based on the regulation of the gut microbiota in IBD and expedite the era of precision nutritional interventions for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandi He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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30
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Zhao Y, Chen L, Chen L, Huang J, Chen S, Yu Z. Exploration of the Potential Relationship Between Gut Microbiota Remodeling Under the Influence of High-Protein Diet and Crohn's Disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:831176. [PMID: 35308389 PMCID: PMC8927681 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.831176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and gut microbiota are both important factors in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease, and changes in diet can lead to alteration in gut microbiome. However, there is still insufficient exploration on interaction within the gut microbiota under high-protein diet (HPD) intervention. We analyzed the gut microbial network and marker taxa from patients with Crohn’s disease in public database (GMrepo, https://gmrepo.humangut.info) combined with investigation of the changes of composition and function of intestinal microbiome in mice fed on HPD by metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that there was an indirect negative correlation between Escherichia coli and Lachnospiraceae in patients with Crohn’s disease, and Escherichia coli was a marker for both Crohn’s disease and HPD intervention. Besides, enriched HH_1414 (one of the orthologs in eggNOG) related to tryptophan metabolism was from Helicobacter, whereas reduced orthologs (OGs) mainly contributed by Lachnospiraceae after HPD intervention. Our research indicates that some compositional changes in gut microbiota after HPD intervention are consistent with those in patients with Crohn’s disease, providing insights into potential impact of altered gut microbes under HPD on Crohn’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuijiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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31
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Cox SR, Clarke H, O'Keeffe M, Dubois P, Irving PM, Lindsay JO, Whelan K. Nutrient, Fibre, and FODMAP Intakes and Food-related Quality of Life in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Their Relationship with Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Differing Aetiologies. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:2041-2053. [PMID: 34216206 PMCID: PMC8684455 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Certain foods are reported as gut symptom triggers in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], and fructans are shown to worsen non-inflammatory symptoms in inactive IBD, which may result in self-imposed dietary restrictions. The aim of this study was to investigate nutrient and FODMAP intakes, and the relationship between gut symptoms and dietary intake, in IBD. METHODS Nutrient, fibre, and FODMAP intakes were estimated using 7-day food records in patients with active IBD [Active IBD], inactive IBD with non-inflammatory gut symptoms [Inactive IBD-GI], inactive IBD without gut symptoms [Inactive IBD], and healthy controls. Nutrient intakes, numbers of participants achieving national recommendations, and food-related quality of life [FR-QoL] were compared across study groups. RESULTS Food diaries were obtained from 232 patients with IBD [65 Active IBD, 86 Inactive IBD-GI, 81 Inactive IBD] and 84 healthy controls. Patients with Active IBD had significantly lower intakes of numerous micronutrients, including iron, folate, and vitamin C, compared with controls. All IBD groups consumed less total fibre [4.5 to 5.8 g/day] than controls [p = 0.001], and total FODMAP and fructan intakes were lower in Active IBD compared with controls. Strikingly, FR-QoL was significantly lower in all IBD groups compared with controls [all p = 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed lower intakes of fibre, FODMAPs, and micronutrients, in addition to poorer FR-QoL, in Active IBD and Inactive IBD-GI with gut symptoms compared with healthy controls. Future research should address dietary restrictions responsible for these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina R Cox
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
| | - Hazel Clarke
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
| | - Majella O'Keeffe
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
| | - Patrick Dubois
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Gastroenterology, London, UK
| | - Peter M Irving
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Gastroenterology, London, UK
| | - James O Lindsay
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Department of Gastroenterology, Royal London Hospital , London, UK
| | - Kevin Whelan
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
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32
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Maioli TU, Trindade LM, Souza A, Torres L, Andrade MER, Cardoso VN, Generoso SV. Non-pharmacologic strategies for the management of intestinal inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112414. [PMID: 34808552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, and mucositis are characterized by intestinal inflammation, but vary according to their pathological mechanisms, severity, location, and etiology. Significant intestinal inflammation that occurs in these diseases induces weight loss, nutritional depletion, and gastrointestinal tract dysfunction. Nutritional support is important in alleviating symptoms and improving patients' quality of life. In this review, we summarize some nutritional components used to manage intestinal disorders. These include fatty acids, probiotics, parabiotics, postbiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and low FODMAP (LFD) diets. These components and LFD diets have been studied and clinical trials have been designed to develop new strategies to alleviate intestinal inflammation and improve the quality of life. Clinical trials on their use in intestinal inflammation do not allow firm conclusions to be drawn mainly because of the heterogeneity of the dose used and the study design or their inconclusive results. However, in the majority of cases, the use of omega-3, probiotics, parabiotics, postbiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and LFD improve the health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luísa Martins Trindade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lícia Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Simone Vasconcelos Generoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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33
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Okawa Y. Development of colonic transit time and ultrasound imaging tools as objective indicators for assessing abnormal defecation associated with food intake: a narrative review based on previous scientific knowledge. Biopsychosoc Med 2021; 15:20. [PMID: 34742336 PMCID: PMC8572427 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-021-00222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) involve chronic or persistent gastrointestinal symptoms. Laboratory tests show no organic lesions, and the symptoms are due to dysfunction. The most typical FGID is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In IBS patients, defecation disorders are common and have adverse effects on daily life. The proper evaluation and analysis of colonic transit are important for the management of defecation disorders in IBS patients. In addition, dietary intake and lifestyle affect colonic transit. An accurate assessment of such factors can guide management, leading to improvements in colonic transit and the resolution of defecation disorders. Main topic The Rome IV diagnostic criteria for IBS are based on subjective symptoms, which must be communicated and explained by the patient, limiting their application. Colonic transit time and ultrasonography are objective tools that can be used to diagnose IBS. In particular, previous studies used colonic transit to accurately distinguish between constipation and normal stool passage and to assess delayed gastrointestinal motility. Diet and lifestyle modifications can improve colonic transit and ameliorate bowel dysfunction. Conclusion Colonic transit can be improved by modifying lifestyle factors. Defecation disorders in IBS patients may be resolved by focusing on such factors. In the future, methods of visualizing defecation disorders due to impaired gastrointestinal motility and objective indicators of the associated abdominal symptoms need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okawa
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
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34
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Nordin E, Brunius C, Landberg R, Hellström PM. Fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs), but not gluten, elicit modest symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized three-way crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 115:344-352. [PMID: 34617561 PMCID: PMC8827068 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been associated with diets rich in fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs), and gluten. Most previous studies have been single-blind and have focused on the elimination of FODMAPs or provocation with single FODMAPs. The effect of gluten is unclear, large trials isolating the effect of gluten from that of FODMAPs are needed. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to ensure high intakes of a wide range of FODMAPs, gluten, or placebo, and to evaluate the effects on IBS symptoms using the IBS-severity scoring system (IBS-SSS). METHODS The study was carried out with a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized 3-way crossover design in a clinical facility in Uppsala from September 2018 to June 2019. In all, 110 participants fulfilling the IBS Rome IV criteria, with moderate to severe IBS, were randomly assigned; 103 (90 female, 13 male) completed the trial. Throughout, IBS participants maintained a diet with minimal FODMAP content and no gluten. Participants were block-randomly assigned to 1-wk interventions with FODMAPs (50 g/d), gluten (17.3 g/d), or placebo, separated by 1-wk washout. All participants who completed ≥1 intervention were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS In participants with IBS (n = 103), FODMAPs caused higher IBS-SSS scores (mean 240 [95% CI: 222, 257]) than placebo (198 [180, 215]; P = 0.00056) or gluten (208 [190, 226]; P = 0.013); no differences were found between the placebo and gluten groups (P = 1.0). There were large interindividual differences in IBS-SSS scores associated with treatment. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION In participants with IBS, FODMAPs had a modest effect on typical IBS symptoms, whereas gluten had no effect. The large interindividual differences in responses to the interventions warrant further detailed studies to identify possible underlying causes and enable individual prediction of responses. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03653689.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carl Brunius
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per M Hellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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35
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Pérez de Arce E, Quera R, Quigley EMM. The Dilemma of Persistent Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms in Patients with Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021; 50:689-711. [PMID: 34304795 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease differ in their natural evolution, etiopathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic approach. However, recent evidence has suggested some similarities in mechanisms underlying symptom development and progression. There is a relevant role for alterations in the microbiome-brain-gut axis in both diseases. The presence of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease is common in clinical practice. To determine the cause of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease is a clinical challenge. This review aims to illustrate possible causes and solutions for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Pérez de Arce
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 999, Independencia, Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Quera
- Division of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Estoril 450, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eamonn M M Quigley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA.
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Hedin CR, McCarthy NE, Louis P, Farquharson FM, McCartney S, Stagg AJ, Lindsay JO, Whelan K. Prebiotic fructans have greater impact on luminal microbiology and CD3+ T cells in healthy siblings than patients with Crohn's disease: A pilot study investigating the potential for primary prevention of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5009-5019. [PMID: 34364241 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Siblings of people with Crohn's disease (CD) share aspects of the disease phenotype (raised faecal calprotectin, altered microbiota), which are markers of risk for their own development of CD. The aim was to determine whether supplementation with prebiotic oligofructose/inulin induces a prebiotic response and impacts the risk phenotype in CD patients and siblings. METHODS Patients with inactive CD (n = 19, CD activity index <150) and 12 of their unaffected siblings (with calprotectin >50 μg/g) ingested oligofructose/inulin (15 g/day) for three weeks. Faecal microbiota (qPCR), intestinal permeability (lactulose-rhamnose test), blood T cells (flow-cytometry) and calprotectin (ELISA) were measured at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS Following oligofructose/inulin, calprotectin did not significantly change in patients (baseline mean 537 SD 535 μg/g; follow-up mean 974 SD 1318 μg/g, p = 0.08) or siblings (baseline mean 73 SD 90 μg/g: follow up mean 58 SD 72 μg/g, p = 0.62). Faecal Bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium longum increased in patients and siblings; Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Roseburia spp. increased only in siblings. Compared with patients, siblings had a greater magnitude change in Bifidobacteria (+14.6% vs +0.4%, p = 0.028), B. adolescentis (+1.1% vs 0.0% p = 0.006) and Roseburia spp. (+1.5% vs -0.1% p = 0.004). Intestinal permeability decreased significantly in patients after oligofructose/inulin to a level that was similar to siblings. Blood T cell abundance reduced in siblings but not patients following oligofructose/inulin. CONCLUSIONS Oligofructose/inulin supplementation did not significantly impact calprotectin, but the prebiotic effect was more marked in healthy siblings compared with patients with inactive CD and was associated with alterations in other CD risk markers. Future research should focus on dietary intervention, including with prebiotics, in the primary prevention of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte R Hedin
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK; Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Centre for Immunobiology, London, UK
| | - Neil E McCarthy
- Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Centre for Immunobiology, London, UK
| | - Petra Louis
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Microbiology Group, Gut Health Theme, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Freda M Farquharson
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Microbiology Group, Gut Health Theme, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sara McCartney
- University College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department for Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Stagg
- Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Centre for Immunobiology, London, UK
| | - James O Lindsay
- Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Centre for Immunobiology, London, UK; Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, London, UK
| | - Kevin Whelan
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK.
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Bertani L, Ribaldone DG, Bellini M, Mumolo MG, Costa F. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Is There a Role for Nutritional Suggestions? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041387. [PMID: 33924119 PMCID: PMC8074318 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition has an important impact on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In particular, several studies have addressed its role in their pathogenesis, showing how the incidence of IBD significantly increased in recent years. Meanwhile, nutrition should be considered a component of the treatment of the disease, both as a therapy itself, and especially in the perspective of correcting the various nutritional deficiencies shown by these patients. In this perspective, nutritional suggestions are very important even in the most severe forms of IBD, requiring hospitalization or surgical treatment. Although current knowledge about nutrition in IBD is increasing over time, nutritional suggestions are often underestimated by clinicians. This narrative review is an update summary of current knowledge on nutritional suggestions in IBD, in order to address the impact of nutrition on pathogenesis, micro- and macro-nutrients deficiencies (especially in the case of sarcopenia and obesity), as well as in hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bertani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (L.B.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Massimo Bellini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (L.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Gloria Mumolo
- IBD Unit, Department of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesco Costa
- IBD Unit, Department of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-997-392
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Jiang Y, Jarr K, Layton C, Gardner CD, Ashouri JF, Abreu MT, Sinha SR. Therapeutic Implications of Diet in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Related Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:890. [PMID: 33801883 PMCID: PMC8001318 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being a focal issue to patients, the effect of diet on adult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains underexplored with limited guidance. While promising clinical trials are currently underway, there is a need for further evidence-based recommendations. As such, we summarize the current evidence on various diets used in the treatment of IBD and also explore the potential applications of dietary data from related immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, to provide additional information to inform IBD providers. To date, there have been multiple diets investigated as adjunctive therapy in IBD, but many associated studies are small, non-randomized, and not controlled. Mediterranean, vegetarian/vegan, and reduced-calorie/fasting diets have been studied and have shown some positive results in other IMIDs, which may suggest potential applicability to those with IBD, but larger, well-designed clinical trials are needed for further guidance. Gluten-free and low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP)diets do not appear to have an impact on IBD disease activity, but low FODMAP may potentially be helpful for those with concurrent functional gastrointestinal symptoms. Specific carbohydrate diets have been mainly assessed in children but show some potential in small adult studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, M211, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (Y.J.); (K.J.)
| | - Karolin Jarr
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, M211, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (Y.J.); (K.J.)
| | - Cosima Layton
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Christopher D. Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Judith F. Ashouri
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Maria T. Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Sidhartha R. Sinha
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, M211, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (Y.J.); (K.J.)
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Wellens J, Vermeire S, Sabino J. Let Food Be Thy Medicine-Its Role in Crohn's Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:832. [PMID: 33802429 PMCID: PMC8001864 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The food we eat is thought to play a role in both the increasing incidence as well as the course of Crohn's disease. What to eat and what to avoid is an increasingly important question for both patients and physicians. Restrictive diets are widely adopted by patients and carry the risk of inducing or worsening malnutrition, without any guarantees on anti-inflammatory potential. Nevertheless, exploration of novel therapies to improve long-term management of the disease is desperately needed and the widespread use of exclusive enteral nutrition in the induction of paediatric Crohn's disease makes us wonder if a similar approach would be beneficial in adult patients. This narrative review discusses the current clinical evidence on whole food diets in achieving symptomatic and inflammatory control in Crohn's disease and identifies knowledge gaps with areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - João Sabino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.W.); (S.V.)
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40
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Internal connections between dietary intake and gut microbiota homeostasis in disease progression of ulcerative colitis: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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Crooks B, McLaughlin J, Matsuoka K, Kobayashi T, Yamazaki H, Limdi JK. The dietary practices and beliefs of people living with inactive ulcerative colitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:372-379. [PMID: 32956176 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diet is implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in generating symptoms. Few studies have explored dietary practices in people with IBD, in which participants perceived strong links between diet in triggering flares and maintaining remission. Fewer studies have explored dietary habits in self-reported remission. Our aim was to describe dietary practices and beliefs in those with inactive ulcerative colitis. METHODS A questionnaire was developed and prospectively administered to 208 participants with inactive ulcerative colitis attending IBD clinics. RESULTS Thirty-one percent believed diet was the initiating factor for ulcerative colitis with 37% believing diet could trigger relapse. Fifty-nine percent avoided dietary items to prevent relapse. Most frequently avoided were spicy (43%) and fatty (38%) foods, alcohol (27%), carbonated drinks (26%), coffee (24%) and milk products (21%). Females were more likely to practice dietary avoidance (P = 0.007). Twenty-three percent had used exclusion diets, most commonly gluten- or lactose-free. Those reporting relapse in the previous year were more likely to avoid the same menu as their family (P = 0.01) and females were less likely to eat out in order to prevent relapse (P = 0.004). Information resources guiding food avoidance included participants' own experiences (90%), healthcare professionals' advice (19%) and the internet (11%). CONCLUSION People with inactive ulcerative colitis hold dietary beliefs and display practices with a high level of consistency around perceived triggers. Food avoidance whilst in remission raises the possibility of visceral hypersensitivity or altered physiology alongside psychosocial, neurocognitive or co-existing functional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Crooks
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester
- Department of Gastroenterology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford
- Section of IBD - Division of Gastroenterology, The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - John McLaughlin
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester
- Department of Gastroenterology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo
| | - Hajime Yamazaki
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jimmy K Limdi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester
- Section of IBD - Division of Gastroenterology, The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Diet and Nutrition in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020655. [PMID: 33671453 PMCID: PMC7922138 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In particular, diet composition is suspected to significantly contribute to IBD risk. In recent years, major interest has raised about the role of nutrition in disease pathogenesis and course, and many studies have shown a clear link between diet composition and intestinal permeability impairment. Moreover, many IBD-related factors, such as poor dietary intake, nutrients loss and drugs interact with nutritional status, thus paving the way for the development of many therapeutic strategies in which nutrition represents the cornerstone, either as first-line therapy or as reversing nutritional deficiencies and malnutrition in IBD patients. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the most rigorously supported dietary intervention for the treatment of Crohn's Disease (CD), but is burdened by a low tolerability, especially in pediatric patients. Promising alternative regimens are represented by Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED), and other elimination diets, whose use is gradually spreading. The aim of the current paper is to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the latest evidence about the role of nutrition and diet in pediatric IBD, focusing on the different nutritional interventions available for the management of the disease.
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Banfi D, Moro E, Bosi A, Bistoletti M, Cerantola S, Crema F, Maggi F, Giron MC, Giaroni C, Baj A. Impact of Microbial Metabolites on Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1623. [PMID: 33562721 PMCID: PMC7915037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex bidirectional communication system existing between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain initially termed the "gut-brain axis" and renamed the "microbiota-gut-brain axis", considering the pivotal role of gut microbiota in sustaining local and systemic homeostasis, has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The integration of signals deriving from the host neuronal, immune, and endocrine systems with signals deriving from the microbiota may influence the development of the local inflammatory injury and impacts also more distal brain regions, underlying the psychophysiological vulnerability of IBD patients. Mood disorders and increased response to stress are frequently associated with IBD and may affect the disease recurrence and severity, thus requiring an appropriate therapeutic approach in addition to conventional anti-inflammatory treatments. This review highlights the more recent evidence suggesting that alterations of the microbiota-gut-brain bidirectional communication axis may concur to IBD pathogenesis and sustain the development of both local and CNS symptoms. The participation of the main microbial-derived metabolites, also defined as "postbiotics", such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and tryptophan metabolites in the development of IBD-associated gut and brain dysfunction will be discussed. The last section covers a critical evaluation of the main clinical evidence pointing to the microbiome-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of IBD-related gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Moro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Silvia Cerantola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Francesca Crema
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
- Centre of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via H Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.B.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (F.M.); (A.B.)
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Shafiee NH, Manaf ZA, Mokhtar NM, Raja Ali RA. Anti-inflammatory diet and inflammatory bowel disease: what clinicians and patients should know? Intest Res 2021; 19:171-185. [PMID: 33525858 PMCID: PMC8100370 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2020.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes the application of anti-inflammatory agents for the induction and remission of IBD. However, prolonged use of anti-inflammatory agents can exert adverse effects on patients. Recently, formulated dietary approach in treating IBD patients is utilized to improve clinical activity scores. An alteration of gastrointestinal microbiota through dietary therapy was found to reduce IBD and is recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy for IBD. One of the recommended formulated diets is an anti-inflammatory diet (AID) that restricts the intake of carbohydrates with modified fatty acids. This diet also contains probiotics and prebiotics that can promote balanced intestinal microbiota composition. However, scientific evidences are limited to support this specific dietary regime in maintaining the remission and prevention relapse of IBD. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize available data from various studies to evaluate the AID diet effectiveness which will be useful for clinicians to manage their IBD patients by application of improved dietary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hamizah Shafiee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahara Abdul Manaf
- Dietetics Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza M Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raja Affendi Raja Ali
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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de Castro MM, Pascoal LB, Steigleder KM, Siqueira BP, Corona LP, Ayrizono MDLS, Milanski M, Leal RF. Role of diet and nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Exp Med 2021; 11:1-16. [PMID: 33585174 PMCID: PMC7852575 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are closely linked to nutrition. The latest research indicates that diet and nutrition are significantly involved in the etiopathogenesis of the disease, although their specific role throughout its clinical course still remains unclear. This study reviewed how diet and nutrition are associated with IBD development and management. Even though specific diets have been shown to bring about positive outcomes, there is currently no scientific consensus regarding an appropriate diet that would benefit all IBD patients. We suggest that individualized dietary recommendations are of the greatest importance and that diets should be planned to provide individual IBD patients with specific nutrient requirements while keeping all the clinical aspects of the patients in mind. Further research is clearly necessary to investigate nutritional factors involved in IBD development and, especially, to evaluate the applications of the diets during the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Moreira de Castro
- IBD Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Bitencourt Pascoal
- IBD Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karine Mariane Steigleder
- IBD Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Piatezzi Siqueira
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ligiana Pires Corona
- Laboratory of Nutritional Epidemiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Setsuko Ayrizono
- IBD Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- IBD Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Franco Leal
- IBD Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
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Peppas S, Pansieri C, Piovani D, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Tsantes AG, Brunetta E, Tsantes AE, Bonovas S. The Brain-Gut Axis: Psychological Functioning and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:377. [PMID: 33498197 PMCID: PMC7863941 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain-gut axis represents a complex bi-directional system comprising multiple interconnections between the neuroendocrine pathways, the autonomous nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic, relapsing-remitting inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with a multifactorial etiology. Depression and anxiety are prevalent among patients with chronic disorders characterized by a strong immune component, such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and IBD. Although psychological problems are an important aspect of morbidity and of impaired quality of life in patients with IBD, depression and anxiety continue to be under-diagnosed. There is lack of evidence regarding the exact mechanisms by which depression, anxiety and cognitive dysfunction may occur in these patients, and whether psychological disorders are the result of disease activity or determinants of the IBD occurrence. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the role of the brain-gut axis in the psychological functioning of patients with IBD, and discuss current preclinical and clinical data on the topic and therapeutic strategies potentially useful for the clinical management of these patients. Personalized pathways of psychological supports are needed to improve the quality of life in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Peppas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Athens Naval Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Claudia Pansieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (E.B.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Piovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (E.B.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (E.B.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inserm U1256 NGERE, Nancy University Hospital, Lorraine University, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France;
| | - Andreas G. Tsantes
- Attiko Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.G.T.); (A.E.T.)
| | - Enrico Brunetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (E.B.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Argirios E. Tsantes
- Attiko Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.G.T.); (A.E.T.)
| | - Stefanos Bonovas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (E.B.)
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy
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Crooks B, Misra R, Arebi N, Kok K, Brookes MJ, McLaughlin J, Limdi JK. The dietary practices and beliefs of British South Asian people living with inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter study from the United Kingdom. Intest Res 2021; 20:53-63. [PMID: 33396977 PMCID: PMC8831772 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Epidemiological associations have implicated factors associated with Westernization, including the Western diet, in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The role of diet in IBD etiopathogenesis, disease control and symptom management remains incompletely understood. Few studies have collected data on the dietary habits of immigrant populations living with IBD. Our aim was to describe the dietary practices and beliefs of British South Asians with IBD. Methods A 30-item questionnaire was developed and consecutively administered to 255 British South Asians with IBD attending gastroenterology clinics in the United Kingdom. Results Fifty-one percent of participants believed diet was the initiating factor for their IBD and 63% felt diet had previously triggered disease relapse. Eighty-nine percent avoided certain dietary items in the belief that this would prevent relapse. The most commonly avoided foods and drinks were spicy and fatty foods, carbonated drinks, milk products, alcohol, coffee, and red meat. A third of patients had tried a whole food exclusion diet, most commonly lactose- or gluten-free, and this was most frequently reported amongst those with clinically active IBD (P = 0.02). Almost 60% of participants avoided eating the same menu as their family, or eating out, at least sometimes, to prevent IBD relapse. Conclusions British South Asians with IBD demonstrate significant dietary beliefs and food avoidance behaviors with increased frequency compared to those reported in Caucasian IBD populations. Studies in immigrant populations may offer valuable insights into the interaction between diet, Westernization and cultural drift in IBD pathogenesis and symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Crooks
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.,Section of IBD, Division of Gastroenterology, The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ravi Misra
- Department of IBD, St Mark's Hospital and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Naila Arebi
- Department of IBD, St Mark's Hospital and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Klaartje Kok
- Gastroenterology Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Brookes
- Gastroenterology Unit, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK.,Research Institute in Healthcare Science (RIHS), University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - John McLaughlin
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Jimmy K Limdi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Section of IBD, Division of Gastroenterology, The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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Chey WD, Keefer L, Whelan K, Gibson PR. Behavioral and Diet Therapies in Integrated Care for Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:47-62. [PMID: 33091411 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common, symptom-based condition that has negative effects on quality of life and costs health care systems billions of dollars each year. Until recently, management of IBS has focused on over-the-counter and prescription medications that reduce symptoms in fewer than one-half of patients. Patients have increasingly sought natural solutions for their IBS symptoms. However, behavioral techniques and dietary modifications can be effective in treatment of IBS. Behavioral interventions include gastrointestinal-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and gut-directed hypnotherapy to modify interactions between the gut and the brain. In this pathway, benign sensations from the gut induce maladaptive cognitive or affective processes that amplify symptom perception. Symptoms occur in response to cognitive and affective factors that trigger fear of symptoms or lack of acceptance of disease, or from stressors in the external environment. Among the many dietary interventions used to treat patients with IBS, a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols is the most commonly recommended by health care providers and has the most evidence for efficacy. Patient with IBS who choose to follow a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols should be aware of its 3 phases: restriction, reintroduction, and personalization. Management of IBS should include an integrated care model in which behavioral interventions, dietary modification, and medications are considered as equal partners. This approach offers the greatest likelihood for success in management of patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Chey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | | | - Kevin Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Wark G, Samocha-Bonet D, Ghaly S, Danta M. The Role of Diet in the Pathogenesis and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010135. [PMID: 33396537 PMCID: PMC7823614 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that are increasing in prevalence and incidence globally. They are associated with significant morbidity, reduced quality of life to individual sufferers and are an increasing burden on society through direct and indirect costs. Current treatment strategies rely on immunosuppression, which, while effective, is associated with adverse events. Epidemiological evidence suggests that diet impacts the risk of developing IBD and modulates disease activity. Using diet as a therapeutic option is attractive to patients and clinicians alike due to its availability, low cost and few side effects. Diet may influence IBD risk and disease behaviour through several mechanisms. Firstly, some components of the diet influence microbiota structure and function with downstream effects on immune activity. Secondly, dietary components act to alter the structure and permeability of the mucosal barrier, and lastly dietary elements may have direct interactions with components of the immune response. This review will summarise the mechanisms of diet–microbial–immune system interaction, outline key studies examining associations between diet and IBD and evidence demonstrating the impact of diet on disease control. Finally, this review will outline current prescribed dietary therapies for active CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Wark
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (D.S.-B.); (S.G.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, SW 2010, Australia
| | - Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (D.S.-B.); (S.G.)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Simon Ghaly
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (D.S.-B.); (S.G.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, SW 2010, Australia
| | - Mark Danta
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (D.S.-B.); (S.G.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, SW 2010, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Crooks B, McLaughlin J, Limdi J. Dietary beliefs and recommendations in inflammatory bowel disease: a national survey of healthcare professionals in the UK. Frontline Gastroenterol 2020; 13:25-31. [PMID: 34966530 PMCID: PMC8666871 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2020-101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of diet in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains incompletely understood. Knowledge around the actual dietary advice healthcare professionals provide to individuals with IBD is scarce. Our objective was to describe the dietary beliefs of healthcare professionals and dietary recommendations made to people with IBD. METHODOLOGY An online survey regarding IBD-related dietary beliefs and advice provided to patients was distributed to gastroenterologists, dietitians and IBD nurses in the UK. RESULTS Two-hundred and twenty-three eligible healthcare professionals participated: 107 (48%) believed that diet was involved in IBD development. The most frequently implicated dietary components were processed foods (78%), additives/preservatives (71%), sweet/sugary foods (36%), red meat (36%) and fatty foods (31%). Views were broadly consistent across professions, however, gastroenterologists were significantly more likely to believe red meat and additives/preservatives initiated IBD. One hundred and thirteen participants (53%) believed that diet could trigger disease relapse and 128 (61%) recommended limiting specific foodstuffs to reduce this risk, most commonly high fibre foods. Forty-six (23%) considered recommending a low Fermentable Oligo-, Di- and Monosaccharides and Polyols diet to reduce relapse risk. IBD nurses and healthcare professionals with <5 years experience were most likely to recommend this. Dietitians felt most comfortable providing dietary advice for functional gastrointestinal symptoms in quiescent IBD. CONCLUSION Dietary advice in IBD is inconsistent reflecting uncertainty among healthcare professionals. While some consensus exists regarding dietary components implicated in IBD development and relapse, dietary recommendations varied. Future research is required to disentangle these complex relationships, alongside better training and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Crooks
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
- Section of IBD - Division of Gastroenterology, The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust Gastroenterology, Manchester, UK
| | - John McLaughlin
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Jimmy Limdi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
- Section of IBD - Division of Gastroenterology, The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust Gastroenterology, Manchester, UK
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