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Jumppanen M, Kinnunen SM, Zore M, Välimäki MJ, Talman V, Gennäs GBA, Ruskoaho HJ, Yli-Kauhaluoma J. Affinity chromatography reveals direct binding of the GATA4-NKX2-5 interaction inhibitor (3i-1000) with GATA4. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8938. [PMID: 38637629 PMCID: PMC11026519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious medical condition with a poor prognosis. Current treatments can only help manage the symptoms and slow the progression of heart failure. However, there is currently no cure to prevent and reverse cardiac remodeling. Transcription factors are in a central role in various cellular processes, and in the heart, GATA4 and NKX2-5 transcription factors mediate hypertrophic responses and remodeling. We have identified compounds that modulate the synergistic interaction of GATA4 and NKX2-5 and shown that the most promising compound (1, 3i-1000) is cardioprotective in vitro and in vivo. However, direct evidence of its binding site and mechanism of action has not been available. Due to the disordered nature of transcription factors, classical target engagement approaches cannot be utilized. Here, we synthesized a small-molecule ligand-binding pulldown probe of compound 1 to utilize affinity chromatography alongside CETSA, AlphaScreen, and molecular modeling to study ligand binding. These results provide the first evidence of direct physical binding of compound 1 selectively to GATA4. While developing drugs that target transcription factors presents challenges, advances in technologies and knowledge of intrinsically disordered proteins enable the identification of small molecules that can selectively target transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Jumppanen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini M Kinnunen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matej Zore
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika J Välimäki
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Talman
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gustav Boije Af Gennäs
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki J Ruskoaho
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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2
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Abhinav P, Li YJ, Huang RT, Liu XY, Gu JN, Yang CX, Xu YJ, Wang J, Yang YQ. Somatic GATA4 mutation contributes to tetralogy of Fallot. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:91. [PMID: 38274337 PMCID: PMC10809308 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most prevalent cyanotic congenital heart pathology and causes infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) serves as a pivotal transcriptional factor for embryonic cardiogenesis and germline GATA4 mutations are causally linked to TOF. However, the effects of somatic GATA4 mutations on the pathogenesis of TOF remain to be ascertained. In the present study, sequencing assay of GATA4 was performed utilizing genomic DNA derived from resected heart tissue specimens as well as matched peripheral blood specimens of 62 patients with non-familial TOF who underwent surgical treatment for TOF. Sequencing of GATA4 was also performed using the heart tissue specimens as well as matched peripheral venous blood samples of 68 sporadic cases who underwent heart valve displacement because of rheumatic heart disorder and the peripheral venous whole blood samples of 216 healthy subjects. The function of the mutant was explored by dual-luciferase activity analysis. Consequently, a new GATA4 mutation, NM_002052.5:c.708T>G;p.(Tyr236*), was found in the heart tissue of one patient with TOF. No mutation was detected in the heart tissue of the 68 cases suffering from rheumatic heart disorder or in the venous blood samples of all 346 individuals. GATA4 mutant failed to transactivate its target gene, myosin heavy chain 6. Additionally, this mutation nullified the synergistic transactivation between GATA4 and T-box transcription factor 5 or NK2 homeobox 5, two genes causative for TOF. Somatic GATA4 mutation predisposes TOF, highlighting the significant contribution of somatic variations to the molecular pathogenesis underpinning TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradhan Abhinav
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ri-Tai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ning Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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3
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Yamagishi H. Human Genetics of Truncus Arteriosus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:841-852. [PMID: 38884753 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Integrated human genetics and molecular/developmental biology studies have revealed that truncus arteriosus is highly associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Other congenital malformation syndromes and variants in genes encoding TBX, GATA, and NKX transcription factors and some signaling proteins have also been reported as its etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamagishi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Fear VS, Forbes CA, Shaw NC, Farley KO, Mantegna JL, Htun JP, Syn G, Viola H, Cserne Szappanos H, Hool L, Ward M, Baynam G, Lassmann T. Gene editing and cardiac disease modelling for the interpretation of genetic variants of uncertain significance in congenital heart disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:345. [PMID: 38049901 PMCID: PMC10696868 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic sequencing in congenital heart disease (CHD) patients often discovers novel genetic variants, which are classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Functional analysis of each VUS is required in specialised laboratories, to determine whether the VUS is disease causative or not, leading to lengthy diagnostic delays. We investigated stem cell cardiac disease modelling and transcriptomics for the purpose of genetic variant classification using a GATA4 (p.Arg283Cys) VUS in a patient with CHD. METHODS We performed high efficiency CRISPR gene editing with homology directed repair in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), followed by rapid clonal selection with amplicon sequencing. Genetic variant and healthy matched control cells were compared using cardiomyocyte disease modelling and transcriptomics. RESULTS Genetic variant and healthy cardiomyocytes similarly expressed Troponin T (cTNNT), and GATA4. Transcriptomics analysis of cardiomyocyte differentiation identified changes consistent with the patient's clinical human phenotype ontology terms. Further, transcriptomics revealed changes in calcium signalling, and cardiomyocyte adrenergic signalling in the variant cells. Functional testing demonstrated, altered action potentials in GATA4 genetic variant cardiomyocytes were consistent with patient cardiac abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS This work provides in vivo functional studies supportive of a damaging effect on the gene or gene product. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of iPSCs, CRISPR gene editing and cardiac disease modelling for genetic variant interpretation. The method can readily be applied to other genetic variants in GATA4 or other genes in cardiac disease, providing a centralised assessment pathway for patient genetic variant interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Fear
- Translational Genetics, Precision Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Catherine A Forbes
- Translational Genetics, Precision Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nicole C Shaw
- Translational Genetics, Precision Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kathryn O Farley
- Translational Genetics, Precision Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Computational Biology, Precision Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jessica L Mantegna
- Translational Genetics, Precision Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jasmin P Htun
- Translational Genetics, Precision Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Genevieve Syn
- Computational Biology, Precision Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Helena Viola
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | | | - Livia Hool
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Ward
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Genetic Services of WA, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Gareth Baynam
- Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Genetic Services of WA, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Timo Lassmann
- Translational Genetics, Precision Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Computational Biology, Precision Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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5
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Chhatwal K, Smith JJ, Bola H, Zahid A, Venkatakrishnan A, Brand T. Uncovering the Genetic Basis of Congenital Heart Disease: Recent Advancements and Implications for Clinical Management. CJC PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2023; 2:464-480. [PMID: 38205435 PMCID: PMC10777202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjcpc.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent hereditary disorder, affecting approximately 1% of all live births. A reduction in morbidity and mortality has been achieved with advancements in surgical intervention, yet challenges in managing complications, extracardiac abnormalities, and comorbidities still exist. To address these, a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis underlying CHD is required to establish how certain variants are associated with the clinical outcomes. This will enable clinicians to provide personalized treatments by predicting the risk and prognosis, which might improve the therapeutic results and the patient's quality of life. We review how advancements in genome sequencing are changing our understanding of the genetic basis of CHD, discuss experimental approaches to determine the significance of novel variants, and identify barriers to use this knowledge in the clinics. Next-generation sequencing technologies are unravelling the role of oligogenic inheritance, epigenetic modification, genetic mosaicism, and noncoding variants in controlling the expression of candidate CHD-associated genes. However, clinical risk prediction based on these factors remains challenging. Therefore, studies involving human-induced pluripotent stem cells and single-cell sequencing help create preclinical frameworks for determining the significance of novel genetic variants. Clinicians should be aware of the benefits and implications of the responsible use of genomics. To facilitate and accelerate the clinical integration of these novel technologies, clinicians should actively engage in the latest scientific and technical developments to provide better, more personalized management plans for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karanjot Chhatwal
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Imperial Center of Clinical and Translational Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob J. Smith
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Imperial Center of Clinical and Translational Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harroop Bola
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Imperial Center of Clinical and Translational Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abeer Zahid
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Imperial Center of Clinical and Translational Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwin Venkatakrishnan
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Imperial Center of Clinical and Translational Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Brand
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Imperial Center of Clinical and Translational Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Maven BEJ, Gifford CA, Weilert M, Gonzalez-Teran B, Hüttenhain R, Pelonero A, Ivey KN, Samse-Knapp K, Kwong W, Gordon D, McGregor M, Nishino T, Okorie E, Rossman S, Costa MW, Krogan NJ, Zeitlinger J, Srivastava D. The multi-lineage transcription factor ISL1 controls cardiomyocyte cell fate through interaction with NKX2.5. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2138-2153. [PMID: 37863045 PMCID: PMC10679653 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease often arises from perturbations of transcription factors (TFs) that guide cardiac development. ISLET1 (ISL1) is a TF that influences early cardiac cell fate, as well as differentiation of other cell types including motor neuron progenitors (MNPs) and pancreatic islet cells. While lineage specificity of ISL1 function is likely achieved through combinatorial interactions, its essential cardiac interacting partners are unknown. By assaying ISL1 genomic occupancy in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors (CPs) or MNPs and leveraging the deep learning approach BPNet, we identified motifs of other TFs that predicted ISL1 occupancy in each lineage, with NKX2.5 and GATA motifs being most closely associated to ISL1 in CPs. Experimentally, nearly two-thirds of ISL1-bound loci were co-occupied by NKX2.5 and/or GATA4. Removal of NKX2.5 from CPs led to widespread ISL1 redistribution, and overexpression of NKX2.5 in MNPs led to ISL1 occupancy of CP-specific loci. These results reveal how ISL1 guides lineage choices through a combinatorial code that dictates genomic occupancy and transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie E J Maven
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology PhD Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Casey A Gifford
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Weilert
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Barbara Gonzalez-Teran
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruth Hüttenhain
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angelo Pelonero
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn N Ivey
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlen Samse-Knapp
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wesley Kwong
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Gordon
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael McGregor
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eyuche Okorie
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sage Rossman
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mauro W Costa
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia Zeitlinger
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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7
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Carlisle SG, Albasha H, Michelena H, Sabate-Rotes A, Bianco L, De Backer J, Mosquera LM, Yetman AT, Bissell MM, Andreassi MG, Foffa I, Hui DS, Caffarelli A, Kim YY, Guo DC, Citro R, De Marco M, Tretter JT, McBride KL, Milewicz DM, Body SC, Prakash SK. Rare Genomic Copy Number Variants Implicate New Candidate Genes for Bicuspid Aortic Valve. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.23.23297397. [PMID: 37961530 PMCID: PMC10635161 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.23297397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most common congenital heart defect, is a major cause of aortic valve disease requiring valve interventions and thoracic aortic aneurysms predisposing to acute aortic dissections. The spectrum of BAV ranges from early onset valve and aortic complications (EBAV) to sporadic late onset disease. Rare genomic copy number variants (CNVs) have previously been implicated in the development of BAV and thoracic aortic aneurysms. We determined the frequency and gene content of rare CNVs in EBAV probands (n = 272) using genome-wide SNP microarray analysis and three complementary CNV detection algorithms (cnvPartition, PennCNV, and QuantiSNP). Unselected control genotypes from the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes were analyzed using identical methods. We filtered the data to select large genic CNVs that were detected by multiple algorithms. Findings were replicated in cohorts with late onset sporadic disease (n = 5040). We identified 34 large and rare (< 1:1000 in controls) CNVs in EBAV probands. The burden of CNVs intersecting with genes known to cause BAV when mutated was increased in case-control analysis. CNVs intersecting with GATA4 and DSCAM were enriched in cases, recurrent in other datasets, and segregated with disease in families. In total, we identified potentially pathogenic CNVs in 8% of EBAV cases, implicating alterations of candidate genes at these loci in the pathogenesis of BAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Carlisle
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Hasan Albasha
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hector Michelena
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anna Sabate-Rotes
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa Bianco
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julie De Backer
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Anji T Yetman
- Children's Hospital and Medical Center, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Malenka M Bissell
- Deparmentt of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ilenia Foffa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche (CNR), Instituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dawn S Hui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anthony Caffarelli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yuli Y Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Adult Congenital Heart Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dong-Chuan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Rodolfo Citro
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno, Italy
| | - Margot De Marco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Justin T Tretter
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kim L McBride
- Division of Human Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Simon C Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Siddharth K Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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8
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Angrisano T, Varrone F, Ragozzino E, Fico A, Minchiotti G, Brancaccio M. Cripto Is Targeted by miR-1a-3p in a Mouse Model of Heart Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12251. [PMID: 37569627 PMCID: PMC10419258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During cardiac differentiation, numerous factors contribute to the development of the heart. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac development will help combat cardiovascular disorders, among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among the main mechanisms, we indeed find Cripto. Cripto is found in both the syncytiotrophoblast of ampullary pregnancies and the inner cell mass along the primitive streak as the second epithelial-mesenchymal transformation event occurs to form the mesoderm and the developing myocardium. At the same time, it is now known that cardiac signaling pathways are intimately intertwined with the expression of myomiRNAs, including miR-1. This miR-1 is one of the muscle-specific miRs; aberrant expression of miR-1 plays an essential role in cardiac diseases. Given this scenario, our study aimed to evaluate the inverse correlation between Cripto and miR-1 during heart development. We used in vitro models of the heart, represented by embryoid bodies (EBs) and embryonic carcinoma cell lines derived from an embryo-derived teratocarcinoma in mice (P19 cells), respectively. First, through a luciferase assay, we demonstrated that Cripto is a target of miR-1. Following this result, we observed that as the days of differentiation increased, the Cripto gene expression decreased, while the level of miR-1 increased; furthermore, after silencing miR-1 in P19 cells, there was an increase in Cripto expression. Moreover, inducing damage with a cobra cardiotoxin (CTX) in post-differentiation cells, we noted a decreased miR-1 expression and increased Cripto. Finally, in mouse cardiac biopsies, we observed by monitoring gene expression the distribution of Cripto and miR-1 in the right and left ventricles. These results allowed us to detect an inverse correlation between miR-1 and Cripto that could represent a new pharmacological target for identifying new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Angrisano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Elvira Ragozzino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 26100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Fico
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Gabriella Minchiotti
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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9
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Neidviecky E, Deng H. Determination of Complex Formation between Drosophila Nrf2 and GATA4 Factors at Selective Chromatin Loci Demonstrates Transcription Coactivation. Cells 2023; 12:938. [PMID: 36980279 PMCID: PMC10047698 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 is the dominant cellular stress response factor that protects cells through transcriptional responses to xenobiotic and oxidative stimuli. Nrf2 malfunction is highly correlated with many human diseases, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully uncovered. GATA4 is a conserved GATA family transcription factor that is essential for cardiac and dorsal epidermal development. Here, we describe a novel interaction between Drosophila Nrf2 and GATA4 proteins, i.e., cap'n'collar C (CncC) and Pannier (Pnr), respectively. Using the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay-a unique imaging tool for probing protein complexes in living cells-we detected CncC-Pnr complexes in the nuclei of Drosophila embryonic and salivary gland cells. Visualization of CncC-Pnr BiFC signals on the polytene chromosome revealed that CncC and Pnr tend to form complexes in euchromatic regions, with a preference for loci that are not highly occupied by CncC or Pnr alone. Most genes within these loci are activated by the CncC-Pnr BiFC, but not by individually expressed CncC or Pnr fusion proteins, indicating a novel mechanism whereby CncC and Pnr interact at specific genomic loci and coactivate genes at these loci. Finally, CncC-induced early lethality can be rescued by Pnr depletion, suggesting that CncC and Pnr function in the same genetic pathway during the early development of Drosophila. Taken together, these results elucidate a novel crosstalk between the Nrf2 xenobiotic/oxidative response factor and GATA factors in the transcriptional regulation of development. This study also demonstrates that the polytene chromosome BiFC assay is a valuable tool for mapping genes that are targeted by specific transcription factor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huai Deng
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1035 Kirby Drive, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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10
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Gene-Edited Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines to Elucidate DAND5 Function throughout Cardiac Differentiation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040520. [PMID: 36831187 PMCID: PMC9954670 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The contribution of gene-specific variants for congenital heart disease, one of the most common congenital disabilities, is still far from our complete understanding. Here, we applied a disease model using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to evaluate the function of DAND5 on human cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation and proliferation. (2) Methods: Taking advantage of our DAND5 patient-derived iPSC line, we used CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing to generate a set of isogenic hiPSCs (DAND5-corrected and DAND5 full-mutant). The hiPSCs were differentiated into CMs, and RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence profiled the expression of cardiac markers. Cardiomyocyte proliferation was analysed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we used a multi-electrode array (MEA) to study the functional electrophysiology of DAND5 hiPSC-CMs. (3) Results: The results indicated that hiPSC-CM proliferation is affected by DAND5 levels. Cardiomyocytes derived from a DAND5 full-mutant hiPSC line are more proliferative when compared with gene-corrected hiPSC-CMs. Moreover, parallel cardiac differentiations showed a differential cardiac gene expression profile, with upregulated cardiac progenitor markers in DAND5-KO hiPSC-CMs. Microelectrode array (MEA) measurements demonstrated that DAND5-KO hiPSC-CMs showed prolonged field potential duration and increased spontaneous beating rates. In addition, conduction velocity is reduced in the monolayers of hiPSC-CMs with full-mutant genotype. (4) Conclusions: The absence of DAND5 sustains the proliferation of hiPSC-CMs, which alters their electrophysiological maturation properties. These results using DAND5 hiPSC-CMs consolidate the findings of the in vitro and in vivo mouse models, now in a translational perspective. Altogether, the data will help elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this human heart disease and potentiates new therapies for treating adult CHD.
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11
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Zhao K, Yang Z. The second heart field: the first 20 years. Mamm Genome 2022:10.1007/s00335-022-09975-8. [PMID: 36550326 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-022-09975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2001, three independent groups reported the identification of a novel cluster of progenitor cells that contribute to heart development in mouse and chicken embryos. This population of progenitor cells was designated as the second heart field (SHF), and a new research direction in heart development was launched. Twenty years have since passed and a comprehensive understanding of the SHF has been achieved. This review provides retrospective insights in to the contribution, the signaling regulatory networks and the epithelial properties of the SHF. It also includes the spatiotemporal characteristics of SHF development and interactions between the SHF and other types of cells during heart development. Although considerable efforts will be required to investigate the cellular heterogeneity of the SHF, together with its intricate regulatory networks and undefined mechanisms, it is expected that the burgeoning new technology of single-cell sequencing and precise lineage tracing will advance the comprehension of SHF function and its molecular signals. The advances in SHF research will translate to clinical applications and to the treatment of congenital heart diseases, especially conotruncal defects, as well as to regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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12
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Genome Editing and Myocardial Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1396:53-73. [PMID: 36454459 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) has a strong genetic etiology, making it a likely candidate for therapeutic intervention using genetic editing. Complex genetics involving an orchestrated series of genetic events and over 400 genes are responsible for myocardial development. Cooperation is required from a vast series of genetic networks, and mutations in such can lead to CHD and cardiovascular abnormalities, affecting up to 1% of all live births. Genome editing technologies are becoming better studied and with time and improved logistics, CHD could be a prime therapeutic target. Syndromic, nonsyndromic, and cases of familial inheritance all involve identifiable causative mutations and thus have the potential for genome editing therapy. Mouse models are well-suited to study and predict clinical outcome. This review summarizes the anatomical and genetic timeline of myocardial development in both mice and humans, the potential of gene editing in typical CHD categories, as well as the use of mice thus far in reproducing models of human CHD and correcting the mutations that create them.
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13
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Deciphering Transcriptional Networks during Human Cardiac Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233915. [PMID: 36497174 PMCID: PMC9739390 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human heart development is governed by transcription factor (TF) networks controlling dynamic and temporal gene expression alterations. Therefore, to comprehensively characterize these transcriptional regulations, day-to-day transcriptomic profiles were generated throughout the directed cardiac differentiation, starting from three distinct human- induced pluripotent stem cell lines from healthy donors (32 days). We applied an expression-based correlation score to the chronological expression profiles of the TF genes, and clustered them into 12 sequential gene expression waves. We then identified a regulatory network of more than 23,000 activation and inhibition links between 216 TFs. Within this network, we observed previously unknown inferred transcriptional activations linking IRX3 and IRX5 TFs to three master cardiac TFs: GATA4, NKX2-5 and TBX5. Luciferase and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that these five TFs could (1) activate each other's expression; (2) interact physically as multiprotein complexes; and (3) together, finely regulate the expression of SCN5A, encoding the major cardiac sodium channel. Altogether, these results unveiled thousands of interactions between TFs, generating multiple robust hypotheses governing human cardiac development.
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14
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Chaithra S, Agarwala S, Ramachandra NB. High-risk genes involved in common septal defects of congenital heart disease. Gene 2022; 840:146745. [PMID: 35863714 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The septation defect is one of the main categories of congenital heart disease (CHD). They can affect the septation of the atria leading to atrial septal defect (ASD), septation of ventricles leading to ventricular septal defect (VSD), and formation of the central part of the heart leading to atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD). Disruption of critical genetic factors involved in the proper development of the heart structure leads to CHD manifestation. Because of this, to identify the high-risk genes involved in common septal defects, a comprehensive search of the literature with the help of databases and the WebGestalt analysis tool was performed. The high-risk genes identified in the analysis were checked in 16 Indian whole-exome sequenced samples, including 13 VSD and three Tetralogy of Fallot for in silico validation. This data revealed three variations in GATA4, i.e., c.C1223A at exon 6: c.C602A and c.C1220A at exon 7; and one variation in MYH6, i.e., c.G3883C at exon 28 in two VSD cases. This study supports previously published studies that suggested GATA4 and MYH6 as the high-risk genes responsible for septal defects. Thus, this study contributes to a better understanding of the genes involved in heart development by identifying the high-risk genes and interacting proteins in the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaithra
- Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India
| | - Swati Agarwala
- Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India
| | - N B Ramachandra
- Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India.
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15
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Pustovit KB, Samoilova DV, Abramochkin DV, Filatova TS, Kuzmin VS. α1-adrenergic receptors accompanied by GATA4 expression are related to proarrhythmic conduction and automaticity in rat interatrial septum. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:793-805. [PMID: 35802254 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of interatrial septum (IAS) is a complicated process, which continues during postnatal life. The hypertrophic signals in developing heart are mediated among others by α-adrenergic pathways. These facts suggest the presence of specific electrophysiological features in developing IAS. This study was aimed to investigate the electrical activity in the tissue preparations of IAS from rat heart in normal conditions and under stimulation of adrenoreceptors. Intracellular recording of electrical activity revealed less negative level of resting membrane potential in IAS if compared to myocardium of left atrium. In normal conditions, non-paced IAS preparations were quiescent, but noradrenaline (10-5 M) and phenylephrine (10-5 M) induced spontaneous action potentials, which could be abolished by α1-blocker prazosin (10-5 M), but not β1-blocker atenolol (10-5 M). Optical mapping showed drastic phenylephrine-induced slowing of conduction in adult rat IAS. The α1-dependent ectopic automaticity of IAS myocardium might be explained by immunohistochemical data indicating the presence of transcription factor GATA4 and abundant α1A-adrenoreceptors in myocytes from adult rat IAS. An elevated sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation due to involvement of α1-adrenergic pathways may underlie increased proarrhythmic potential of adult IAS at least in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia B Pustovit
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V Samoilova
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Kashirskoye sh., 24, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis V Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatiana S Filatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3rd Cherepkovskaya, 15a, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova str., 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav S Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Deshpande A, Shetty PMV, Frey N, Rangrez AY. SRF: a seriously responsible factor in cardiac development and disease. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:38. [PMID: 35681202 PMCID: PMC9185982 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate embryogenesis and cardiac development are calibrated by multiple signal transduction pathways within or between different cell lineages via autocrine or paracrine mechanisms of action. The heart is the first functional organ to form during development, which highlights the importance of this organ in later stages of growth. Knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms underlying cardiac development and adult cardiac homeostasis paves the way for discovering therapeutic possibilities for cardiac disease treatment. Serum response factor (SRF) is a major transcription factor that controls both embryonic and adult cardiac development. SRF expression is needed through the duration of development, from the first mesodermal cell in a developing embryo to the last cell damaged by infarction in the myocardium. Precise regulation of SRF expression is critical for mesoderm formation and cardiac crescent formation in the embryo, and altered SRF levels lead to cardiomyopathies in the adult heart, suggesting the vital role played by SRF in cardiac development and disease. This review provides a detailed overview of SRF and its partners in their various functions and discusses the future scope and possible therapeutic potential of SRF in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Deshpande
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Prithviraj Manohar Vijaya Shetty
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Rao KS, Kameswaran V, Bruneau BG. Modeling congenital heart disease: lessons from mice, hPSC-based models, and organoids. Genes Dev 2022; 36:652-663. [PMID: 35835508 PMCID: PMC9296004 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349678.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Rao et al. contrast mouse models of CHD, which maintain the anatomical arrangement of the heart, and human cellular models of CHD, which are more likely to capture human-specific biology but lack anatomical structure. They also discuss the recent development of cardiac organoids, which are a promising step toward more anatomically informative human models of CHD. Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most common birth defects, but their etiology has long been mysterious. In recent decades, the development of a variety of experimental models has led to a greater understanding of the molecular basis of CHDs. In this review, we contrast mouse models of CHD, which maintain the anatomical arrangement of the heart, and human cellular models of CHD, which are more likely to capture human-specific biology but lack anatomical structure. We also discuss the recent development of cardiac organoids, which are a promising step toward more anatomically informative human models of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha S Rao
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Vasumathi Kameswaran
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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18
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Robbe ZL, Shi W, Wasson LK, Scialdone AP, Wilczewski CM, Sheng X, Hepperla AJ, Akerberg BN, Pu WT, Cristea IM, Davis IJ, Conlon FL. CHD4 is recruited by GATA4 and NKX2-5 to repress noncardiac gene programs in the developing heart. Genes Dev 2022; 36:468-482. [PMID: 35450884 PMCID: PMC9067406 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349154.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is one of the central chromatin remodeling complexes that mediates gene repression. NuRD is essential for numerous developmental events, including heart development. Clinical and genetic studies have provided direct evidence for the role of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4), the catalytic component of NuRD, in congenital heart disease (CHD), including atrial and ventricular septal defects. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that CHD4 is essential for mammalian cardiomyocyte formation and function. A key unresolved question is how CHD4/NuRD is localized to specific cardiac target genes, as neither CHD4 nor NuRD can directly bind DNA. Here, we coupled a bioinformatics-based approach with mass spectrometry analyses to demonstrate that CHD4 interacts with the core cardiac transcription factors GATA4, NKX2-5, and TBX5 during embryonic heart development. Using transcriptomics and genome-wide occupancy data, we characterized the genomic landscape of GATA4, NKX2-5, and TBX5 repression and defined the direct cardiac gene targets of the GATA4-CHD4, NKX2-5-CHD4, and TBX5-CHD4 complexes. These data were used to identify putative cis-regulatory elements controlled by these complexes. We genetically interrogated two of these silencers in vivo: Acta1 and Myh11 We show that deletion of these silencers leads to inappropriate skeletal and smooth muscle gene misexpression, respectively, in the embryonic heart. These results delineate how CHD4/NuRD is localized to specific cardiac loci and explicates how mutations in the broadly expressed CHD4 protein lead to cardiac-specific disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Robbe
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lauren K Wasson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Angel P Scialdone
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Caralynn M Wilczewski
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Xinlei Sheng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Austin J Hepperla
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Brynn N Akerberg
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ian J Davis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Frank L Conlon
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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19
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Lozano-Velasco E, Garcia-Padilla C, del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo M, Martinez-Amaro FJ, Caño-Carrillo S, Castillo-Casas JM, Sanchez-Fernandez C, Aranega AE, Franco D. Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Molecular Determinants during Cardiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052839. [PMID: 35269981 PMCID: PMC8911333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular development is initiated soon after gastrulation as bilateral precardiac mesoderm is progressively symmetrically determined at both sides of the developing embryo. The precardiac mesoderm subsequently fused at the embryonic midline constituting an embryonic linear heart tube. As development progress, the embryonic heart displays the first sign of left-right asymmetric morphology by the invariably rightward looping of the initial heart tube and prospective embryonic ventricular and atrial chambers emerged. As cardiac development progresses, the atrial and ventricular chambers enlarged and distinct left and right compartments emerge as consequence of the formation of the interatrial and interventricular septa, respectively. The last steps of cardiac morphogenesis are represented by the completion of atrial and ventricular septation, resulting in the configuration of a double circuitry with distinct systemic and pulmonary chambers, each of them with distinct inlets and outlets connections. Over the last decade, our understanding of the contribution of multiple growth factor signaling cascades such as Tgf-beta, Bmp and Wnt signaling as well as of transcriptional regulators to cardiac morphogenesis have greatly enlarged. Recently, a novel layer of complexity has emerged with the discovery of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and lncRNAs. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review of the contribution of non-coding RNAs during cardiac development. microRNAs and lncRNAs have been reported to functional modulate all stages of cardiac morphogenesis, spanning from lateral plate mesoderm formation to outflow tract septation, by modulating major growth factor signaling pathways as well as those transcriptional regulators involved in cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Garcia-Padilla
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Maria del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Francisco Jose Martinez-Amaro
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Sheila Caño-Carrillo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Juan Manuel Castillo-Casas
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Fernandez
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia E. Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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20
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Zug R. Developmental disorders caused by haploinsufficiency of transcriptional regulators: a perspective based on cell fate determination. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio058896. [PMID: 35089335 PMCID: PMC8801891 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human birth defects and neurodevelopmental disorders are caused by loss-of-function mutations in a single copy of transcription factor (TF) and chromatin regulator genes. Although this dosage sensitivity has long been known, how and why haploinsufficiency (HI) of transcriptional regulators leads to developmental disorders (DDs) is unclear. Here I propose the hypothesis that such DDs result from defects in cell fate determination that are based on disrupted bistability in the underlying gene regulatory network (GRN). Bistability, a crucial systems biology concept to model binary choices such as cell fate decisions, requires both positive feedback and ultrasensitivity, the latter often achieved through TF cooperativity. The hypothesis explains why dosage sensitivity of transcriptional regulators is an inherent property of fate decisions, and why disruption of either positive feedback or cooperativity in the underlying GRN is sufficient to cause disease. I present empirical and theoretical evidence in support of this hypothesis and discuss several issues for which it increases our understanding of disease, such as incomplete penetrance. The proposed framework provides a mechanistic, systems-level explanation of HI of transcriptional regulators, thus unifying existing theories, and offers new insights into outstanding issues of human disease. This article has an associated Future Leader to Watch interview with the author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Zug
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
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21
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Morton SU, Quiat D, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. Genomic frontiers in congenital heart disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:26-42. [PMID: 34272501 PMCID: PMC9236191 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of next-generation sequencing to study congenital heart disease (CHD) is increasingly providing new insights into the causes and mechanisms of this prevalent birth anomaly. Whole-exome sequencing analysis identifies damaging gene variants altering single or contiguous nucleotides that are assigned pathogenicity based on statistical analyses of families and cohorts with CHD, high expression in the developing heart and depletion of damaging protein-coding variants in the general population. Gene classes fulfilling these criteria are enriched in patients with CHD and extracardiac abnormalities, evidencing shared pathways in organogenesis. Developmental single-cell transcriptomic data demonstrate the expression of CHD-associated genes in particular cell lineages, and emerging insights indicate that genetic variants perturb multicellular interactions that are crucial for cardiogenesis. Whole-genome sequencing analyses extend these observations, identifying non-coding variants that influence the expression of genes associated with CHD and contribute to the estimated ~55% of unexplained cases of CHD. These approaches combined with the assessment of common and mosaic genetic variants have provided a more complete knowledge of the causes and mechanisms of CHD. Such advances provide knowledge to inform the clinical care of patients with CHD or other birth defects and deepen our understanding of the complexity of human development. In this Review, we highlight known and candidate CHD-associated human genes and discuss how the integration of advances in developmental biology research can provide new insights into the genetic contributions to CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Sarah U. Morton, Daniel Quiat
| | - Daniel Quiat
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Sarah U. Morton, Daniel Quiat
| | | | - Christine E. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,
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22
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Dudek J, Kutschka I, Maack C. Metabolic and Redox Regulation of Cardiovascular Stem Cell Biology and Pathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:163-181. [PMID: 33121253 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cardiovascular stem cells are important for regeneration and repair of damaged tissue. Recent Advances: Pluripotent stem cells have a unique metabolism, which is adopted for their energetic and biosynthetic demand as rapidly proliferating cells. Stem cell differentiation requires an exceptional metabolic flexibility allowing for metabolic remodeling between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Critical Issues: Respiration is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. But also the membrane-bound protein nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase, NOX) contributes to ROS levels. ROS not only play a significant role in stem cell differentiation and tissue renewal but also cause senescence and contribute to tissue aging. Future Directions: For utilization of stem cells in therapeutic approaches, a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms how metabolism and the cellular redox state regulate stem cell differentiation is required. Modulating the redox state of stem cells using antioxidative agents may be suitable to enhance activity of endothelial progenitor cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 163-181.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ilona Kutschka
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Dixit R, Narasimhan C, Balekundri VI, Agrawal D, Kumar A, Mohapatra B. Functional analysis of novel genetic variants of NKX2-5 associated with nonsyndromic congenital heart disease. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3644-3663. [PMID: 34214246 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
NKX2-5, a master cardiac regulatory transcription factor was the first known genetic cause of congenital heart diseases (CHDs). To further investigate its role in CHD pathogenesis, we performed mutational screening of 285 CHD probands and 200 healthy controls. Five coding sequence variants were identified in six CHD cases (2.1%), including three in the N-terminal region (p.A61G, p.R95L, and p.E131K) and one each in homeodomain (HD) (p.A148E) and tyrosine-rich domain (p.P247A). Variant-p.A148E showed tertiary structure changes and differential DNA binding affinity of mutant compared to wild type. Two N-terminal variants-p.A61G and p.E131K along with HD variant p.A148E demonstrated significantly reduced transcriptional activity of Nppa and Actc1 promoters in dual luciferase promoter assay supported by their reduced expression in qRT-PCR. Nonetheless, variant p.R95L affected the synergy of NKX2-5 with serum response factor and TBX5 leading to significantly decreased Actc1 promoter activity depicting a distinctive role of this region. The aberrant expression of other target genes-Irx4, Mef2c, Bmp10, Myh6, Myh7, and Myocd is also observed in response to NKX2-5 variants, possibly due to the defective gene regulatory network. Severely impaired downstream promoter activities and abnormal expression of target genes due to N-terminal variants supports the emerging role of this region during cardiac-developmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Dixit
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chitra Narasimhan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi I Balekundri
- Super Speciality Hospital, Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY), Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Damyanti Agrawal
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhagyalaxmi Mohapatra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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24
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Adams E, McCloy R, Jordan A, Falconer K, Dykes IM. Direct Reprogramming of Cardiac Fibroblasts to Repair the Injured Heart. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:72. [PMID: 34206355 PMCID: PMC8306371 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8070072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Those that survive acute myocardial infarction are at significant risk of subsequent heart failure due to fibrotic remodelling of the infarcted myocardium. By applying knowledge from the study of embryonic cardiovascular development, modern medicine offers hope for treatment of this condition through regeneration of the myocardium by direct reprogramming of fibrotic scar tissue. Here, we will review mechanisms of cell fate specification leading to the generation of cardiovascular cell types in the embryo and use this as a framework in which to understand direct reprogramming. Driving expression of a network of transcription factors, micro RNA or small molecule epigenetic modifiers can reverse epigenetic silencing, reverting differentiated cells to a state of induced pluripotency. The pluripotent state can be bypassed by direct reprogramming in which one differentiated cell type can be transdifferentiated into another. Transdifferentiating cardiac fibroblasts to cardiomyocytes requires a network of transcription factors similar to that observed in embryonic multipotent cardiac progenitors. There is some flexibility in the composition of this network. These studies raise the possibility that the failing heart could one day be regenerated by directly reprogramming cardiac fibroblasts within post-infarct scar tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Adams
- Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (E.A.); (R.M.); (A.J.); (K.F.)
| | - Rachel McCloy
- Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (E.A.); (R.M.); (A.J.); (K.F.)
| | - Ashley Jordan
- Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (E.A.); (R.M.); (A.J.); (K.F.)
| | - Kaitlin Falconer
- Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (E.A.); (R.M.); (A.J.); (K.F.)
| | - Iain M. Dykes
- Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (E.A.); (R.M.); (A.J.); (K.F.)
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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25
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Kuzmin VS, Ivanova AD, Potekhina VM, Samoilova DV, Ushenin KS, Shvetsova AA, Petrov AM. The susceptibility of the rat pulmonary and caval vein myocardium to the catecholamine-induced ectopy changes oppositely in postnatal development. J Physiol 2021; 599:2803-2821. [PMID: 33823063 DOI: 10.1113/jp280485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The developmental changes of the caval (SVC) and pulmonary vein (PV) myocardium electrophysiology are traced throughout postnatal ontogenesis. The myocardium in SVC as well as in PV demonstrate age-dependent differences in the ability to maintain resting membrane potential, to manifest automaticity in a form of ectopic action potentials in basal condition and in responses to the adrenergic stimulation. Electrophysiological characteristics of two distinct types of thoracic vein myocardium change in an opposite manner during early postnatal ontogenesis with increased proarrhythmicity of pulmonary and decreased automaticity in caval veins. Predisposition of PV cardiac tissue to proarrhythmycity develops during ontogenesis in time correlation with the establishment of sympathetic innervation of the tissue. The electrophysiological properties of caval vein cardiac tissue shift from a pacemaker-like phenotype to atrial phenotype in accompaniment with sympathetic nerve growth and adrenergic receptor expression changes. ABSTRACT The thoracic vein myocardium is considered as a main source for atrial fibrillation initiation due to its high susceptibility to ectopic activity. The mechanism by which and when pulmonary (PV) and superior vena cava (SVC) became proarrhythmic during postnatal ontogenesis is still unknown. In this study, we traced postnatal changes of electrophysiology in a correlation with the sympathetic innervation and adrenergic receptor distribution to reveal developmental differences in proarrhythmicity occurrence in PV and SVC myocardium. A standard microelectrode technique was used to assess the changes in ability to maintain resting membrane potential (RMP), generate spontaneous action potentials (SAP) and adrenergically induced ectopy in multicellular SVC and PV preparations of rats of different postnatal ages. Immunofluorescence imaging was used to trace postnatal changes in sympathetic innervation, β1- and α1A-adrenergic receptor (AR) distribution. We revealed that the ability to generate SAP and susceptibility to adrenergic stimulation changes during postnatal ontogenesis in an opposite manner in PV and SVC myocardium. While SAP occurrence decreases with age in SVC myocardium, it significantly increases in PV cardiac tissue. PV myocardium starts to demonstrate RMP instability and proarrhythmic activity from the 14th day of postnatal life which correlates with the appearance of the sympathetic innervation of the thoracic veins. In addition, postnatal attenuation of SVC myocardium automaticity occurs concomitantly with sympathetic innervation establishment and increase in β1-ARs, but not α1A-AR levels. Our results support the contention that SVC and PV myocardium electrophysiology change during postnatal development, resulting in higher PV proarrhythmicity in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad S Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Ostrovitjanova 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, National Medical Research Cardiological Complex (NMRCC), Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra D Ivanova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Viktoria M Potekhina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Daria V Samoilova
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anastasia A Shvetsova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, Butlerova st. 49, Kazan, 420012, Russia.,Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center 'Kazan Scientific Center of RAS', P. O. Box 30, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, Kazan, 420111, Russia
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26
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Abstract
Cardiac development is a complex developmental process that is initiated soon after gastrulation, as two sets of precardiac mesodermal precursors are symmetrically located and subsequently fused at the embryonic midline forming the cardiac straight tube. Thereafter, the cardiac straight tube invariably bends to the right, configuring the first sign of morphological left–right asymmetry and soon thereafter the atrial and ventricular chambers are formed, expanded and progressively septated. As a consequence of all these morphogenetic processes, the fetal heart acquired a four-chambered structure having distinct inlet and outlet connections and a specialized conduction system capable of directing the electrical impulse within the fully formed heart. Over the last decades, our understanding of the morphogenetic, cellular, and molecular pathways involved in cardiac development has exponentially grown. Multiples aspects of the initial discoveries during heart formation has served as guiding tools to understand the etiology of cardiac congenital anomalies and adult cardiac pathology, as well as to enlighten novels approaches to heal the damaged heart. In this review we provide an overview of the complex cellular and molecular pathways driving heart morphogenesis and how those discoveries have provided new roads into the genetic, clinical and therapeutic management of the diseased hearts.
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27
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Leigh RS, Ruskoaho HJ, Kaynak BL. Cholecystokinin peptide signaling is regulated by a TBX5-MEF2 axis in the heart. Peptides 2021; 136:170459. [PMID: 33249116 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The procholecystokinin (proCCK) gene encodes a secreted peptide known to regulate the digestive, endocrine, and nervous systems. Though recently proposed as a biomarker for heart dysfunction, its physiological role in both the embryonic and adult heart is poorly understood, and there are no reports of tissue-specific regulators of cholecystokinin signaling in the heart or other tissues. In the present study, mRNA of proCCK was observed in cardiac tissues during mouse embryonic development, establishing proCCK as an early marker of differentiated cardiomyocytes which is later restricted to anatomical subdomains of the neonatal heart. Three-dimensional analysis of the expression of proCCK and CCKAR/CCKBR receptors was performed using in situ hybridization and optical projection tomography, illustrating chamber-specific expression patterns in the postnatal heart. Transcription factor motif analyses indicated developmental cardiac transcription factors TBX5 and MEF2C as upstream regulators of proCCK, and this regulatory activity was confirmed in reporter gene assays. proCCK mRNA levels were also measured in the infarcted heart and in response to cyclic mechanical stretch and endothelin-1, indicating dynamic transcriptional regulation which might be leveraged for improved biomarker development. Functional analyses of exogenous cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) administration were performed in differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), and the results suggest that CCK-8 does not act as a differentiation modulator of cardiomyocyte subtypes. Collectively, these findings indicate that proCCK is regulated at the transcriptional level by TBX5-MEF2 and neurohormonal signaling, informing use of proCCK as a biomarker and future strategies for upstream manipulation of cholecystokinin signaling in the heart and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Leigh
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki J Ruskoaho
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bogac L Kaynak
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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28
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Kou Z, Dai W. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: Its roles in physiology. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114428. [PMID: 33515530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) was initially discovered as a cellular protein involved in mediating the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. Extensive research in the past two decades has identified several families of physiological ligands and uncovered important functions of AHR in normal development and homeostasis. Deficiency in AHR expression disrupts major signaling systems and transcriptional programs, which appear to be responsible for the development of numerous developmental abnormalities including cardiac hypertrophy and epidermal hyperplasia. This mini review primarily summarizes recent advances in our understanding of AHR functions in normal physiology with an emphasis on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, integumentary, nervous, and immunomodulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Kou
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY 10010, United States
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY 10010, United States.
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29
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Abstract
The sinus node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the human heart, and abnormalities in its structure or function cause sick sinus syndrome, the most common reason for electronic pacemaker implantation. Here we report that transcription factor GATA6, whose mutations in humans are linked to arrhythmia, is highly expressed in the SAN and its haploinsufficiency in mice results in hypoplastic SANs and rhythm abnormalities. Cell-specific deletion reveals a requirement for GATA6 in various SAN lineages. Mechanistically, GATA6 directly activates key regulators of the SAN genetic program in conduction and nonconduction cells, such as TBX3 and EDN1, respectively. The data identify GATA6 as an important regulator of the SAN and provide a molecular basis for understanding the conduction abnormalities associated with GATA6 mutations in humans. They also suggest that GATA6 may be a potential modifier of the cardiac pacemaker.
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30
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Huang Y, Chen Z, Meng Y, Wei Y, Xu Z, Ma J, Zhong K, Cao Z, Liao X, Lu H. Famoxadone-cymoxanil induced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111339. [PMID: 32961491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Famoxadone-cymoxanil is a new protective and therapeutic fungicide, but little research has been done on it or its toxicity in aquatic organisms. In this study, we used zebrafish to investigate the cardiotoxicity of famoxadone-cymoxanil and the potential mechanisms involved. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of famoxadone-cymoxanil until 72 h post-fertilization (hpf), then changes of heart morphology in zebrafish embryos were observed. We also detected the levels of oxidative stress, myocardial-cell proliferation and apoptosis, ATPase activity, and the expression of genes related to the cardiac development and calcium-signaling pathway. After famoxadone-cymoxanil exposure, pericardial edema, cardiac linearization, and reductions in the heart rate and cardiac output positively correlated with concentration. Although myocardial-cell apoptosis was not detected, proliferation of the cells was severely reduced and ATPase activity significantly decreased, resulting in a severe deficiency in heart function. In addition, indicators of oxidative stress changed significantly after exposure of the embryos to the fungicide. To better understand the possible molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish, we studied the transcriptional levels of cardiac development, calcium-signaling pathways, and genes associated with myocardial contractility. The mRNA expression levels of key genes in heart development were significantly down-regulated, while the expression of genes related to the calcium-signaling pathway (ATPase [atp2a1], cardiac troponin C [tnnc1a], and calcium channel [cacna1a]) was significantly inhibited. Expression of klf2a, a major endocardial flow-responsive gene, was also significantly inhibited. Mechanistically, famoxadone-cymoxanil toxicity might be due to the downregulation of genes associated with the calcium-signaling pathway and cardiac muscle contraction. Our results found that famoxadone-cymoxanil exposure causes cardiac developmental toxicity and severe energy deficiency in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunlong Meng
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - You Wei
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhaopeng Xu
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinze Ma
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Keyuan Zhong
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China.
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31
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Bruneau BG. The developing heart: from The Wizard of Oz to congenital heart disease. Development 2020; 147:147/21/dev194233. [PMID: 33087326 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The heart is an essential organ with a fascinating developmental biology. It is also one of the organs that is most often affected in human disease, either during development or in postnatal life. Over the last few decades, insights into the development of the heart have led to fundamental new concepts in gene regulation, but also to genetic and mechanistic insights into congenital heart defects. In more recent years, the lessons learned from studying heart development have been applied to interrogating regeneration of the diseased heart, exemplifying the importance of understanding the mechanistic underpinnings that lead to the development of an organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA .,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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32
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Ribeiro da Silva A, Neri EA, Turaça LT, Dariolli R, Fonseca-Alaniz MH, Santos-Miranda A, Roman-Campos D, Venturini G, Krieger JE. NOTCH1 is critical for fibroblast-mediated induction of cardiomyocyte specialization into ventricular conduction system-like cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16163. [PMID: 32999360 PMCID: PMC7527973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts are present throughout the myocardium and are enriched in the microenvironment surrounding the ventricular conduction system (VCS). Several forms of arrhythmias are linked to VCS abnormalities, but it is still unclear whether VCS malformations are cardiomyocyte autonomous or could be linked to crosstalk between different cell types. We reasoned that fibroblasts influence cardiomyocyte specialization in VCS cells. We developed 2D and 3D culture models of neonatal rat cardiac cells to assess the influence of cardiac fibroblasts on cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes adjacent to cardiac fibroblasts showed a two-fold increase in expression of VCS markers (NAV1.5 and CONTACTIN 2) and calcium transient duration, displaying a Purkinje-like profile. Fibroblast-conditioned media (fCM) was sufficient to activate VCS-related genes (Irx3, Scn5a, Connexin 40) and to induce action potential prolongation, a hallmark of Purkinge phenotype. fCM-mediated response seemed to be spatially-dependent as cardiomyocyte organoids treated with fCM had increased expression of connexin 40 and NAV1.5 primarily on its outer surface. Finally, NOTCH1 activation in both cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts was required for connexin 40 up-regulation (a proxy of VCS phenotype). Altogether, we provide evidence that cardiac fibroblasts influence cardiomyocyte specialization into VCS-like cells via NOTCH1 signaling in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Ribeiro da Silva
- Lab Genetics & Molec Cardiology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elida A Neri
- Lab Genetics & Molec Cardiology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauro Thiago Turaça
- Lab Genetics & Molec Cardiology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dariolli
- Lab Genetics & Molec Cardiology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam H Fonseca-Alaniz
- Lab Genetics & Molec Cardiology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Roman-Campos
- Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Venturini
- Lab Genetics & Molec Cardiology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E Krieger
- Lab Genetics & Molec Cardiology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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MICAL2 is essential for myogenic lineage commitment. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:654. [PMID: 32811811 PMCID: PMC7434877 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Contractile myofiber units are mainly composed of thick myosin and thin actin (F-actin) filaments. F-Actin interacts with Microtubule Associated Monooxygenase, Calponin And LIM Domain Containing 2 (MICAL2). Indeed, MICAL2 modifies actin subunits and promotes actin filament turnover by severing them and preventing repolymerization. In this study, we found that MICAL2 increases during myogenic differentiation of adult and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) towards skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle cells and localizes in the nucleus of acute and chronic regenerating muscle fibers. In vivo delivery of Cas9–Mical2 guide RNA complexes results in muscle actin defects and demonstrates that MICAL2 is essential for skeletal muscle homeostasis and functionality. Conversely, MICAL2 upregulation shows a positive impact on skeletal and cardiac muscle commitments. Taken together these data demonstrate that modulations of MICAL2 have an impact on muscle filament dynamics and its fine-tuned balance is essential for the regeneration of muscle tissues.
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Stefanovic S, Laforest B, Desvignes JP, Lescroart F, Argiro L, Maurel-Zaffran C, Salgado D, Plaindoux E, De Bono C, Pazur K, Théveniau-Ruissy M, Béroud C, Puceat M, Gavalas A, Kelly RG, Zaffran S. Hox-dependent coordination of mouse cardiac progenitor cell patterning and differentiation. eLife 2020; 9:55124. [PMID: 32804075 PMCID: PMC7462617 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbation of addition of second heart field (SHF) cardiac progenitor cells to the poles of the heart tube results in congenital heart defects (CHD). The transcriptional programs and upstream regulatory events operating in different subpopulations of the SHF remain unclear. Here, we profile the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility of anterior and posterior SHF sub-populations at genome-wide levels and demonstrate that Hoxb1 negatively regulates differentiation in the posterior SHF. Spatial mis-expression of Hoxb1 in the anterior SHF results in hypoplastic right ventricle. Activation of Hoxb1 in embryonic stem cells arrests cardiac differentiation, whereas Hoxb1-deficient mouse embryos display premature cardiac differentiation. Moreover, ectopic differentiation in the posterior SHF of embryos lacking both Hoxb1 and its paralog Hoxa1 results in atrioventricular septal defects. Our results show that Hoxb1 plays a key role in patterning cardiac progenitor cells that contribute to both cardiac poles and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Stefanovic
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Laforest
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | | | - Fabienne Lescroart
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Argiro
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | | | - David Salgado
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - Elise Plaindoux
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | | | - Kristijan Pazur
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustave Carus of TU Dresden, Helmoholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Magali Théveniau-Ruissy
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Béroud
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Puceat
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Gavalas
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustave Carus of TU Dresden, Helmoholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Stephane Zaffran
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
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35
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Sun Y, Cao Y, Tong L, Tao F, Wang X, Wu H, Wang M. Exposure to prothioconazole induces developmental toxicity and cardiovascular effects on zebrafish embryo. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126418. [PMID: 32443233 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Prothioconazole is a fungicide that has been widely used in general agriculture and livestock husbandry. This study evaluated the acute toxicity of prothioconazole to zebrafish embryos by assessing their hatching rate and malformation when exposed to different concentrations of prothioconazole. The 96 h-LC50 value of zebrafish embryos was 1.70 mg/L. Upon exposure to 0.85 mg/L, the mortality rate of the embryos significantly increased while their hatching rate decreased significantly. At prothioconazole concentrations higher than 0.43 mg/L, developmental morphologic abnormalities such as heart and yolk-sac edema, spine curvature, tail deformity, shortened body length and decreased eye area were observed. The heart rate of embryos decreased in a dose-dependent fashion during the exposure time. Prothioconazole exposure also resulted in increased rates of cardiac malformation detected by significant increase in the distance between the sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosus and the pericardium area. Moreover, the expression levels of genes related to cardiac development (amhc, vmhc, fli1, hand2, gata4, nkx2.5, tbx5 and atp2a2a) were significantly altered after exposure to prothioconazole. Indeed, this study revealed the adverse effects on the developmental and cardiovascular system of zebrafish embryo caused by prothioconazole. It further elucidated the risk of prothioconazole exposure to vertebrate cardiovascular toxicity. As such, it provides a theoretical foundation for pesticide risk management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Sun
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Tong
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangyi Tao
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiming Wu
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Mengcen Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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36
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Kang IS, Suh J, Lee MN, Lee C, Jin J, Lee C, Yang YI, Jang Y, Oh GT. Characterization of human cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells and their extracellular vesicles comparing with human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 31964470 PMCID: PMC7061210 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.2.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration with adult stem-cell (ASC) therapy is a promising field to address advanced cardiovascular diseases. In addition, extracellular vesicles (EVs) from ASCs have been implicated in acting as paracrine factors to improve cardiac functions in ASC therapy. In our work, we isolated human cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (h-CMSCs) by means of three-dimensional organ culture (3D culture) during ex vivo expansion of cardiac tissue, to compare the functional efficacy with human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-BM-MSCs), one of the actively studied ASCs. We characterized the h-CMSCs as CD90low, c-kitnegative, CD105positive phenotype and these cells express NANOG, SOX2, and GATA4. To identify the more effective type of EVs for angiogenesis among the different sources of ASCs, we isolated EVs which were derived from CMSCs with either normoxic or hypoxic condition and BM-MSCs. Our in vitro tube-formation results demonstrated that the angiogenic effects of EVs from hypoxia-treated CMSCs (CMSC-Hpx EVs) were greater than the well-known effects of EVs from BM-MSCs (BM-MSC EVs), and these were even comparable to human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF), a potent angiogenic factor. Therefore, we present here that CD90lowc-kitnegativeCD105positive CMSCs under hypoxic conditions secrete functionally superior EVs for in vitro angiogenesis. Our findings will allow more insights on understanding myocardial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sook Kang
- The Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722; Department of Internal Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Joowon Suh
- Department of Life Sciences and College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Mi-Ni Lee
- Department of Life Sciences and College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences and College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Life Sciences and College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Changjin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences and College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Young Il Yang
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Yangsoo Jang
- The Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722; Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life Sciences and College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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37
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Kolomenski JE, Delea M, Simonetti L, Fabbro MC, Espeche LD, Taboas M, Nadra AD, Bruque CD, Dain L. An update on genetic variants of the NKX2-5. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1187-1208. [PMID: 32369864 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NKX2-5 is a homeodomain transcription factor that plays a crucial role in heart development. It is the first gene where a single genetic variant (GV) was found to be associated with congenital heart diseases in humans. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive survey of NKX2-5 GVs to build a unified, curated, and updated compilation of all available GVs. We retrieved a total of 1,380 unique GVs. From these, 970 had information on their frequency in the general population and 143 have been linked to pathogenic phenotypes in humans. In vitro effect was ascertained for 38 GVs. The homeodomain had the biggest cluster of pathogenic variants in the protein: 49 GVs in 60 residues, 23 in its third α-helix, where 11 missense variants may affect protein-DNA interaction or the hydrophobic core. We also pinpointed the likely location of pathogenic GVs in four linear motifs. These analyses allowed us to assign a putative explanation for the effect of 90 GVs. This study pointed to reliable pathogenicity for GVs in helix 3 of the homeodomain and may broaden the scope of functional and structural studies that can be done to better understand the effect of GVs in NKX2-5 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Kolomenski
- Departamento de Química Biológica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional, iB3, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisol Delea
- Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Lucía D Espeche
- Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa Taboas
- Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro D Nadra
- Departamento de Química Biológica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional, iB3, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos D Bruque
- Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Dain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional, iB3, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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38
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Abstract
Investigations into the mixed muscle-secretory phenotype of cardiomyocytes from the atrial appendages of the heart led to the discovery that these cells produce, in a regulated manner, two polypeptide hormones - the natriuretic peptides - referred to as atrial natriuretic factor or atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain or B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), thereby demonstrating an endocrine function for the heart. Studies on the gene encoding ANP (NPPA) initiated the field of modern research into gene regulation in the cardiovascular system. Additionally, ANP and BNP were found to be the natural ligands for cell membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase receptors that mediate the effects of natriuretic peptides through the generation of intracellular cGMP, which interacts with specific enzymes and ion channels. Natriuretic peptides have many physiological actions and participate in numerous pathophysiological processes. Important clinical entities associated with natriuretic peptide research include heart failure, obesity and systemic hypertension. Plasma levels of natriuretic peptides have proven to be powerful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of heart disease. Development of pharmacological agents that are based on natriuretic peptides is an area of active research, with vast potential benefits for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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39
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Witman N, Zhou C, Grote Beverborg N, Sahara M, Chien KR. Cardiac progenitors and paracrine mediators in cardiogenesis and heart regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:29-51. [PMID: 31862220 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian hearts have the least regenerative capabilities among tissues and organs. As such, heart regeneration has been and continues to be the ultimate goal in the treatment against acquired and congenital heart diseases. Uncovering such a long-awaited therapy is still extremely challenging in the current settings. On the other hand, this desperate need for effective heart regeneration has developed various forms of modern biotechnologies in recent years. These involve the transplantation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors or cardiomyocytes generated in vitro and novel biochemical molecules along with tissue engineering platforms. Such newly generated technologies and approaches have been shown to effectively proliferate cardiomyocytes and promote heart repair in the diseased settings, albeit mainly preclinically. These novel tools and medicines give somehow credence to breaking down the barriers associated with re-building heart muscle. However, in order to maximize efficacy and achieve better clinical outcomes through these cell-based and/or cell-free therapies, it is crucial to understand more deeply the developmental cellular hierarchies/paths and molecular mechanisms in normal or pathological cardiogenesis. Indeed, the morphogenetic process of mammalian cardiac development is highly complex and spatiotemporally regulated by various types of cardiac progenitors and their paracrine mediators. Here we discuss the most recent knowledge and findings in cardiac progenitor cell biology and the major cardiogenic paracrine mediators in the settings of cardiogenesis, congenital heart disease, and heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Witman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chikai Zhou
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Makoto Sahara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, CT, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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40
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Zlabinger K, Spannbauer A, Traxler D, Gugerell A, Lukovic D, Winkler J, Mester-Tonczar J, Podesser B, Gyöngyösi M. MiR-21, MiR-29a, GATA4, and MEF2c Expression Changes in Endothelin-1 and Angiotensin II Cardiac Hypertrophy Stimulated Isl-1 +Sca-1 +c-kit + Porcine Cardiac Progenitor Cells In Vitro. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111416. [PMID: 31717562 PMCID: PMC6912367 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cost- and time-intensive porcine translational disease models offer great opportunities to test drugs and therapies for pathological cardiac hypertrophy and can be supported by porcine cell culture models that provide further insights into basic disease mechanisms. Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) residing in the adult heart have been shown to differentiate in vitro into cardiomyocytes and could contribute to cardiac regeneration. Therefore, it is important to evaluate their changes on the cellular level caused by disease. We successfully isolated Isl1+Sca1+cKit+ porcine CPCs (pCPCs) from pig hearts and stimulated them with endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II (Ang II) in vitro. We also performed a cardiac reprogramming transfection and tested the same conditions. Our results show that undifferentiated Isl1+Sca1+cKit+ pCPCs were significantly upregulated in GATA4, MEF2c, and miR-29a gene expressions and in BNP and MCP-1 protein expressions with Ang II stimulation, but they showed no significant changes in miR-29a and MCP-1 when stimulated with ET-1. Differentiated Isl1+Sca1+cKit+ pCPCs exhibited significantly higher levels of MEF2c, GATA4, miR-29a, and miR-21 as well as Cx43 and BNP with Ang II stimulation. pMx-MGT-transfected Isl1+Sca1+cKit+ pCPCs showed significant elevations in MEF2c, GATA4, and BNP expressions when stimulated with ET-1. Our model demonstrates that in vitro stimulation leads to successful Isl1+Sca1+cKit+ pCPC hypertrophy with upregulation of cardiac remodeling associated genes and profibrotic miRNAs and offers great possibilities for further investigations of disease mechanisms and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Zlabinger
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (M.G.); Tel.: +43(0)-140-400-48520 (K.Z.)
| | - Andreas Spannbauer
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - Denise Traxler
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - Alfred Gugerell
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - Dominika Lukovic
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - Johannes Winkler
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - Julia Mester-Tonczar
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - Bruno Podesser
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Biomedical Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (D.T.); (A.G.); (D.L.); (J.W.); (J.M.-T.)
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (M.G.); Tel.: +43(0)-140-400-48520 (K.Z.)
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41
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Engineer A, Saiyin T, Greco ER, Feng Q. Say NO to ROS: Their Roles in Embryonic Heart Development and Pathogenesis of Congenital Heart Defects in Maternal Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100436. [PMID: 31581464 PMCID: PMC6826639 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most prevalent and serious birth defect, occurring in 1% of all live births. Pregestational maternal diabetes is a known risk factor for the development of CHDs, elevating the risk in the child by more than four-fold. As the prevalence of diabetes rapidly rises among women of childbearing age, there is a need to investigate the mechanisms and potential preventative strategies for these defects. In experimental animal models of pregestational diabetes induced-CHDs, upwards of 50% of offspring display congenital malformations of the heart, including septal, valvular, and outflow tract defects. Specifically, the imbalance of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling is a major driver of the development of CHDs in offspring of mice with pregestational diabetes. NO from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is crucial to cardiogenesis, regulating various cellular and molecular processes. In fact, deficiency in eNOS results in CHDs and coronary artery malformation. Embryonic hearts from diabetic dams exhibit eNOS uncoupling and oxidative stress. Maternal treatment with sapropterin, a cofactor of eNOS, and antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine, vitamin E, and glutathione as well as maternal exercise have been shown to improve eNOS function, reduce oxidative stress, and lower the incidence CHDs in the offspring of mice with pregestational diabetes. This review summarizes recent data on pregestational diabetes-induced CHDs, and offers insights into the important roles of NO and ROS in embryonic heart development and pathogenesis of CHDs in maternal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Engineer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Tana Saiyin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth R Greco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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42
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Zhao Z, Zhan Y, Chen W, Ma X, Sheng W, Huang G. Functional analysis of rare variants of GATA4 identified in Chinese patients with congenital heart defect. Genesis 2019; 57:e23333. [PMID: 31513339 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defect (CHD) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, affecting approximately 0.8% of live births. The transcription factor GATA4 has been known to play a key role in cardiac development. In this study, we performed whole exome sequencing in nine unrelated CHD patients and found two rare deleterious missense variants in the GATA4 gene (c.C487T,p.P163S and c.C1223A,p.P408Q) (ExAC <0.001 and CADD >15) in three cases that were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Subsequently, these two variants were screened for in an additional 226 patients with CHD and 206 healthy controls by Sanger sequencing, and no variants were observed. These two variants were predicted to be damaging to protein function using a functional prediction program. Co-IP indicated that both of the GATA4 variants (P163S and P408Q) blocked heterodimer formation between GATA4 and ZFPM2 protein. Immunofluorescence showed that the two GATA4 variants diminished the colocalization formation between GATA4 and ZFPM2 protein compared to that of WT protein. These findings indicate that the two rare variants of GATA4 might disturb its interaction with ZFPM2 and influence corresponding downstream gene activity, suggesting that the GATA4 variants may be associated with the pathogenesis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshan Zhao
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongkun Zhan
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicheng Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
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43
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Whitcomb J, Gharibeh L, Nemer M. From embryogenesis to adulthood: Critical role for GATA factors in heart development and function. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:53-67. [PMID: 31520462 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac development is governed by a complex network of transcription factors (TFs) that regulate cell fates in a spatiotemporal manner. Among these, the GATA family of zinc finger TFs plays prominent roles in regulating the development of the myocardium, endocardium, and outflow tract. This family comprises six members three of which, GATA4, 5, and 6, are predominantly expressed in cardiac cells where they activate specific downstream gene targets via interactions with one another and with other TFs and signaling molecules. Their critical function in heart formation is evidenced by the phenotypes of animal models lacking these factors and by the broad spectrum of human congenital heart diseases associated with mutations in their genes. Similarly, in the postnatal heart, these proteins play significant and nonredundant roles in cardiac function, regulating adaptive stress responses including cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and survival, as well as endothelial homeostasis and angiogenesis. As such, decreased expression of either GATA4, 5, or 6 results in impaired cardiovascular homeostasis and increased risk of premature and serious cardiovascular events such as hypertension, arrhythmia, aortopathy, and heart failure. Although a great deal of progress has been made in understanding GATA-dependent regulatory processes in the heart, the molecular mechanisms underlying the specificity of GATA factors and their upstream regulation remain incompletely understood. The knowledge and tools developed since their discovery 25 years ago should accelerate progress toward further elucidation of their mechanisms of action in health and disease. This in turn will greatly improve diagnosis and care for the millions of individuals affected by congenital and acquired cardiac disease worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamieson Whitcomb
- Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lara Gharibeh
- Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mona Nemer
- Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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44
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Jumppanen M, Kinnunen SM, Välimäki MJ, Talman V, Auno S, Bruun T, Boije Af Gennäs G, Xhaard H, Aumüller IB, Ruskoaho H, Yli-Kauhaluoma J. Synthesis, Identification, and Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of GATA4 and NKX2-5 Protein-Protein Interaction Modulators. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8284-8310. [PMID: 31431011 PMCID: PMC7076710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Transcription factors GATA4 and NKX2-5
directly interact and synergistically
activate several cardiac genes and stretch-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
Previously, we identified phenylisoxazole carboxamide 1 as a hit compound, which inhibited the GATA4–NKX2-5 transcriptional
synergy. Here, the chemical space around the molecular structure of 1 was explored by synthesizing and characterizing 220 derivatives
and structurally related compounds. In addition to the synergistic
transcriptional activation, selected compounds were evaluated for
their effects on transcriptional activities of GATA4 and NKX2-5 individually
as well as potential cytotoxicity. The structure–activity relationship
(SAR) analysis revealed that the aromatic isoxazole substituent in
the southern part regulates the inhibition of GATA4–NKX2-5
transcriptional synergy. Moreover, inhibition of GATA4 transcriptional
activity correlated with the reduced cell viability. In summary, comprehensive
SAR analysis accompanied by data analysis successfully identified
potent and selective inhibitors of GATA4–NKX2-5 transcriptional
synergy and revealed structural features important for it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Virpi Talman
- Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine , National Heart and Lung Institute , Du Cane Road , London W12 0NN , United Kingdom
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45
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Abstract
The function of the mammalian heart depends on the interplay between different cardiac cell types. The deployment of these cells, with precise spatiotemporal regulation, is also important during development to establish the heart structure. In this Review, we discuss the diverse origins of cardiac cell types and the lineage relationships between cells of a given type that contribute to different parts of the heart. The emerging lineage tree shows the progression of cell fate diversification, with patterning cues preceding cell type segregation, as well as points of convergence, with overlapping lineages contributing to a given tissue. Several cell lineage markers have been identified. However, caution is required with genetic-tracing experiments in comparison with clonal analyses. Genetic studies on cell populations provided insights into the mechanisms for lineage decisions. In the past 3 years, results of single-cell transcriptomics are beginning to reveal cell heterogeneity and early developmental trajectories. Equating this information with the in vivo location of cells and their lineage history is a current challenge. Characterization of the progenitor cells that form the heart and of the gene regulatory networks that control their deployment is of major importance for understanding the origin of congenital heart malformations and for producing cardiac tissue for use in regenerative medicine.
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46
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Välimäki MJ, Ruskoaho HJ. Targeting GATA4 for cardiac repair. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:68-79. [PMID: 31419020 PMCID: PMC6973159 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Various strategies have been applied to replace the loss of cardiomyocytes in order to restore reduced cardiac function and prevent the progression of heart disease. Intensive research efforts in the field of cellular reprogramming and cell transplantation may eventually lead to efficient in vivo applications for the treatment of cardiac injuries, representing a novel treatment strategy for regenerative medicine. Modulation of cardiac transcription factor (TF) networks by chemical entities represents another viable option for therapeutic interventions. Comprehensive screening projects have revealed a number of molecular entities acting on molecular pathways highly critical for cellular lineage commitment and differentiation, including compounds targeting Wnt- and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-signaling. Furthermore, previous studies have demonstrated that GATA4 and NKX2-5 are essential TFs in gene regulation of cardiac development and hypertrophy. For example, both of these TFs are required to fully activate mechanical stretch-responsive genes such as atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). We have previously reported that the compound 3i-1000 efficiently inhibited the synergy of the GATA4-NKX2-5 interaction. Cellular effects of 3i-1000 have been further characterized in a number of confirmatory in vitro bioassays, including rat cardiac myocytes and animal models of ischemic injury and angiotensin II-induced pressure overload, suggesting the potential for small molecule-induced cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika J Välimäki
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki J Ruskoaho
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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47
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Witt E, Hammer E, Dörr M, Weitmann K, Beug D, Lehnert K, Nauck M, Völker U, Felix SB, Ameling S. Correlation of gene expression and clinical parameters identifies a set of genes reflecting LV systolic dysfunction and morphological alterations. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:356-367. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00111.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain new insights into the complex pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) we performed a quantitative approach to identify genes with expression patterns that linearly correlate with parameters of cardiac morphology (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter indexed by body surface are (LVEDDI), systolic function [LV ejection fraction (LVEF)], and serum levels of cardiac peptide hormone NH2-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in human endomyocardial biopsies of 47 DCM patients and eight individuals with normal LVEF. A set of genes was identified as common heart failure markers characterized by correlation of their expression with cardiac morphology, systolic function, and NT-proBNP. Among them are already known genes encoding e.g., the natriuretic peptide hormones NPPA and NPPB and its converting enzyme corin, but also potential new heart failure markers like EP300 antisense RNA1 and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) along with other genes with so far unknown relation to heart function. In contrast, the expression of other genes including the Ca2+ flux regulating genes phospholamban (PLN), sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA), and extracellular matrix proteins showed significant correlation with LVEF and LVEDDI only. Those genes seem to reflect more specifically pathological alterations of systolic function and morphology in DCM hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Witt
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Hammer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department for Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kerstin Weitmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Beug
- Department for Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristin Lehnert
- Department for Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B. Felix
- Department for Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Ameling
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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48
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Doyle MJ, Magli A, Estharabadi N, Amundsen D, Mills LJ, Martin CM. Sox7 Regulates Lineage Decisions in Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1089-1103. [PMID: 31154937 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Specification of the mesodermal lineages requires a complex set of morphogenetic events orchestrated by interconnected signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks. The transcription factor Sox7 has critical functions in differentiation of multiple mesodermal lineages, including cardiac, endothelial, and hematopoietic. Using a doxycycline-inducible mouse embryonic stem cell line, we have previously shown that expression of Sox7 in cardiovascular progenitor cells promotes expansion of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In this study, we show that the ability of Sox7 to promote endothelial cell fate occurs at the expense of the cardiac lineage. Using ChIP-Seq coupled with ATAC-Seq we identify downstream target genes of Sox7 in cardiovascular progenitor cells and by integrating these data with transcriptomic analyses, we define Sox7-dependent gene programs specific to cardiac and EPCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate a protein-protein interaction between SOX7 and GATA4 and provide evidence that SOX7 interferes with the transcriptional activity of GATA4 on cardiac genes. In addition, we show that Sox7 modulates WNT and BMP signaling during cardiovascular differentiation. Our data represent the first genome-wide analysis of Sox7 function and reveal a critical role for Sox7 in regulating signaling pathways that affect cardiovascular progenitor cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Doyle
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Alessandro Magli
- 2Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,3Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nima Estharabadi
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Danielle Amundsen
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lauren J Mills
- 4Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Cindy M Martin
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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49
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Liang X, Chu G, Wang L, Lai G, Zhao Y. Role of Nkx2.5 in H 2O 2-induced Nsd1 suppression. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:697-707. [PMID: 31104268 PMCID: PMC6629736 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing protein 1 (Nsd1) acts as a histone lysine methyltransferase, and its role in oxidative stress-related abnormal embryonic heart development remains poorly understood. In the present study, H2O2 decreased the expression of Nsd1 and NK2 transcription factor related locus 5 (Nkx2.5). We further focused on Nkx2.5 modulating the transcription of Nsd1 in response to H2O2. Luciferase activity analysis indicated that a regulatory region from - 646 to - 282 is essential for the basal transcriptional activity, in which, an a Nkx2.5-binding element (NKE) was identified at - 412/- 406 of the Nsd1 promoter by electrophoresis mobility shift assay and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. H2O2 obviously reduced the p646-luc promoter activity, and the depletion of Nkx2.5 expression weakened H2O2 inhibition on the p646-luc promoter. The overexpression of Nkx2.5 increase Nsd1 p646-luc promoter activity, but did not affected p646-luc-mut. Furthermore, overexpression and depletion of Nkx2.5 led to the increase and decrease of Nsd1 protein and mRNA levels. These data indicated that H2O2-induced Nsd1 suppression resulted from the decrease of Nkx2.5 expression through the NKE element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liang
- Department of Clinical Genetics, China Medical University, No.36 San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
- Central Laboratory, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Guoming Chu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, China Medical University, No.36 San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Leitong Wang
- Department of Clinical Genetics, China Medical University, No.36 San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangrui Lai
- Department of Clinical Genetics, China Medical University, No.36 San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Genetics, China Medical University, No.36 San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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50
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Vainio LE, Szabó Z, Lin R, Ulvila J, Yrjölä R, Alakoski T, Piuhola J, Koch WJ, Ruskoaho H, Fouse SD, Seeley TW, Gao E, Signore P, Lipson KE, Magga J, Kerkelä R. Connective Tissue Growth Factor Inhibition Enhances Cardiac Repair and Limits Fibrosis After Myocardial Infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:83-94. [PMID: 30847422 PMCID: PMC6390503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI)-induced cardiac fibrosis attenuates cardiac contractile function, and predisposes to arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is elevated in affected organs in virtually every fibrotic disorder and in the diseased human myocardium. Mice were subjected to treatment with a CTGF monoclonal antibody (mAb) during infarct repair, post-MI left ventricular (LV) remodeling, or acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. CTGF mAb therapy during infarct repair improved survival and reduced LV dysfunction, and reduced post-MI LV hypertrophy and fibrosis. Mechanistically, CTGF mAb therapy induced expression of cardiac developmental and/or repair genes and attenuated expression of inflammatory and/or fibrotic genes.
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Key Words
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FB, fibroblast
- HF, heart failure
- I/R, ischemia−reperfusion
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LV, left ventricular
- MI, myocardial infarction
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- connective tissue growth factor monoclonal antibody
- fibrosis
- heart failure
- ischemia−reperfusion injury
- left ventricle
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- myocardial infarction
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Vainio
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ruizhu Lin
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Ulvila
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raisa Yrjölä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tarja Alakoski
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jarkko Piuhola
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Johanna Magga
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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