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Bouchard J, Raj P, Yu L, Sobhi B, Malalgoda M, Malunga L, Netticadan T, Joseph Thandapilly S. Oat protein modulates cholesterol metabolism and improves cardiac systolic function in high fat, high sucrose fed rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:738-750. [PMID: 38477294 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Oats are recognized to provide many health benefits that are mainly associated with its dietary fibre, β-glucan. However, the protein derived from oats is largely understudied with respect to its ability to maintain health and attenuate risk factors of chronic diseases. The goal of the current study was to investigate the metabolic effects of oat protein consumption in lieu of casein as the protein source in high fat, high sucrose (HF/HS) fed Wistar rats. Four-week-old rats were divided into three groups and were fed three different experimental diets: a control diet with casein as the protein source, an HF/HS diet with casein, or an HF/HS diet with oat protein for 16 weeks. Heart structure and function were determined by echocardiography. Blood pressure measurements, an oral glucose tolerance test, and markers of cholesterol metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver and kidney damage were also performed. Our study results show that incorporation of oat protein in the diet was effective in preserving systolic heart function in HF/HS fed rats. Oat protein significantly reduced serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Furthermore, oat protein normalized liver HMG-CoAR activity, which, to our knowledge, is the first time this has been reported in the literature. Therefore, our research suggests that oat protein can provide hypocholesterolemic and cardioprotective benefits in a diet-induced model of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Bouchard
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Richardson Center for Food Technology and Research, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Pema Raj
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Liping Yu
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Babak Sobhi
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
- Richardson Center for Food Technology and Research, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Maneka Malalgoda
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Lovemore Malunga
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Richardson Center for Food Technology and Research, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Sijo Joseph Thandapilly
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Richardson Center for Food Technology and Research, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Li B, Chen XF, Wu HS, Su J, Ding YY, Zhang ZH, Rong M, Dong YJ, He X, Li LZ, Lv GY, Chen SH. The anti-hyperlipidemia effect of Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizome increased HDL via reverse cholesterol transfer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28019. [PMID: 38560167 PMCID: PMC10979170 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizome (AM) has been used to treat hyperlipidemia for centuries, but its functional components and mechanisms are not clear. This research aimed to investigate the active components in AM and the mechanisms that underlie its anti-hyperlipidemia effect. Methods SD rats were fed a high-sucrose high-fat diet in conjunction with alcohol (HSHFDAC) along with different AM extracts (AMW, AMO, AME, and AMP) for 4 weeks. AM's active components were analyzed using multiple databases, and their mechanisms were explored through network pharmacology. The relationship between AM's effect of enhancing serum HDL-c and regulating the expression of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT)-related proteins (Apo-A1, LCAT, and SR-BI) was further validated in the HSHFDAC-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The kidney and liver functions of the rats were measured to evaluate the safety of AM. Results AMO, mainly comprised of volatile and liposoluble components, contributed the most significant anti-hyperlipidemia effect among the four extracts obtained from AM, significantly improving the blood lipid profile. Network pharmacology analysis also suggested that volatile and liposoluble components, comprise AM's main active components and they might act on signaling pathways associated with elevated HDL-c. Validation experiments found that AMO substantially and dose-dependently increased HDL-c levels, upregulated the expression of Apo-A1, SR-BI, and LCAT, improved the pathological changes in the kidney and liver, and significantly reduced the serum creatinine levels in rats with hyperlipidemia. Conclusion The main anti-hyperlipidemia active components of AM are its volatile and liposoluble components, which may enhance serum HDL-c by increasing the expression of the RCT-related proteins Apo-A1, LCAT, and SR-BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313200, PR China
- Zhejiang Synergetic Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development Co., Ltd, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313200, PR China
| | - Xian-fang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Han-song Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Jie Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China
| | - Yan-yan Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Ze-hua Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Mei Rong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Ying-jie Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Xinglishang He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Lin-zi Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Gui-yuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China
| | - Su-hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313200, PR China
- Zhejiang Synergetic Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development Co., Ltd, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313200, PR China
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Lin YC, Tu HP, Wang TN. Blood lipid profile, HbA1c, fasting glucose, and diabetes: a cohort study and a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:913-925. [PMID: 37878156 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. The associations between the lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose, and diabetes remain unclear, so we aimed to perform a cohort study and a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causality between blood lipid profile and HbA1c, fasting glucose, and diabetes. METHODS A total of 25,171 participants from the Taiwan Biobank were enrolled. We applied a cohort study and an MR study to assess the association between blood lipid profile and HbA1c, fasting glucose, and diabetes. The summary statistics were obtained from the Asian Genetic Epidemiology Network (AGEN), and the estimates between the instrumental variables (IVs) and outcomes were calculated using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. A series of sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS In the cohort study, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was negatively associated with HbA1c, fasting glucose, and diabetes, while the causal associations between HDL-C and HbA1c (βIVW = - 0.098, p = 0.003) and diabetes (βIVW = - 0.594, p < 0.001) were also observed. Furthermore, there was no pleiotropy effect in this study using the MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO global test. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that a genetically determined increase in HDL-C is causally related to a reduction in HbA1c and a lower risk of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shi-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - H-P Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - T-N Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shi-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Yaghmur A, Østergaard J, Mu H. Lipid nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics: Recent advances in development of siRNA and lipoprotein-mimicking nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115136. [PMID: 37944644 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The limitations inherent in conventional cancer treatment methods have stimulated recent efforts towards the design of safe nanomedicines with high efficacy for combating cancer through various promising approaches. A plethora of nanoparticles has been introduced in the development of cancer nanomedicines. Among them, different lipid nanoparticles are attractive for use due to numerous advantages and unique opportunities, including biocompatibility and targeted drug delivery. However, a comprehensive understanding of nano-bio interactions is imperative to facilitate the translation of recent advancements in the development of cancer nanomedicines into clinical practice. In this contribution, we focus on lipoprotein-mimicking nanoparticles, which possess unique features and compositions facilitating drug transport through receptor binding mechanisms. Additionally, we describe potential applications of siRNA lipid nanoparticles in the future design of anticancer nanomedicines. Thus, this review highlights recent progress, challenges, and opportunities of lipid-based lipoprotein-mimicking nanoparticles and siRNA nanocarriers designed for the targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Yaghmur
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Østergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Huiling Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Delialis D, Georgiopoulos G, Aivalioti E, Konstantaki C, Oikonomou E, Bampatsias D, Mavraganis G, Vardavas C, Liberopoulos E, Stellos K, Stamatelopoulos K. Remnant cholesterol in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hellenic J Cardiol 2023; 74:48-57. [PMID: 37116829 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests a substantial contribution of remnant cholesterol (RC) to residual risk for the development or relapse of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We aimed to evaluate the association of RC levels with ASCVD risk by different risk categories and methods of RC assessment. We also assessed available evidence of the effects of lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs) on RC levels. METHODS English-language searches of Medline, PubMed, and Embase (inception to 31 January 2023); ClinicalTrials.gov (October 2022); and reference lists of studies and reviews. Studies reporting on the risk of the composite endpoint [all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE)] by RC levels were included. Moreover, we searched for studies reporting differences in RC levels after the administration of LLT(s). RESULTS Among n = 29 studies with 257,387 participants, we found a pooled linear (pooled HR: 1.27 per 1-SD increase, 95% CI: 1.12-1.43, P < 0.001, I2 = 95%, n = 15 studies) and non-linear association (pooled HR: 1.59 per quartile increase, 95% CI: 1.35-1.85, P < 0.001, I2 = 87.9%, n = 15 studies) of RC levels and the risk of M ACE both in patients with and without established ASCVD. Interestingly, the risk of MACE was higher in studies with directly measured vs. calculated RC levels. In a limited number of studies and participants, LLTs reduced RC levels. CONCLUSION RC levels are associated with ASCVD risk both in primary and secondary prevention. Directly measured RC levels are associated with ASCVD risk more evidently. Available LLTs tend to decrease RC levels, although the clinical relevance of RC decrease merits further investigation. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42022371346.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Delialis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Evmorfia Aivalioti
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Konstantaki
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ermioni Oikonomou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bampatsias
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Mavraganis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantine Vardavas
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, University Campus of Voutes, 700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Evangelos Liberopoulos
- 1(st) Department of Propedeutic Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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Abaj F, Esmaeily Z, Naeini Z, Alvandi E, Rafiee M, Koohdani F. Dietary acid load and its interaction with CETP TaqB1 polymorphisms on lipid profile among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:138. [PMID: 37407953 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gene-diet interaction plays a key role in the inter-individual differences in lipid abnormalities as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Thus, we explored the interaction between CETP TaqB1 polymorphism with dietary acid load (DAL) on lipid profile among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHOD This cross-sectional study conducted on 220 Iranian patients with T2DM. Dietary acid load (PRAL and NEAP) was calculated via a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used for genotyping Taq1B polymorphism. Biochemical markers were measured by standard protocol. The interaction between CETP Taq1B polymorphism and DAL (PRAL and NEAP) on lipid profile was performed by a generalized linear regression model (GLM). RESULTS The overall prevalence of rs708272 genotypes was 8.6%, 72.7% and 18.6% for B1B1, B1B2 and B2B2 genotype respectively. This study showed that people with the B1B1 genotype had greater LDL, TC, LDL/HDL, and TG when they consumed diets that scored higher on the NEAP and PRAL indexes than those with the B1B2 and B2B2 genotypes. Besides, carriers of the B1B1 allele who were in the highest tertile of NEAP, had lower HDL (P Interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, the lipid profile might be improved in B1B1 homozygotes by less adherence to DAL indexes, however, the findings should be validated in high-quality interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Esmaeily
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Naeini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Alvandi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Masoumeh Rafiee
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Ağagündüz D, Icer MA, Yesildemir O, Koçak T, Kocyigit E, Capasso R. The roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Transl Med 2023; 21:240. [PMID: 37009872 PMCID: PMC10068184 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the main types of Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by dysfunctional pancreatic β-cells and/or peripheral insulin resistance, resulting in impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Genetic, metabolic, multiple lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors are known as related to high T2DM risk. Dietary lipids and lipid metabolism are significant metabolic modulators in T2DM and T2DM-related complications. Besides, accumulated evidence suggests that altered gut microbiota which plays an important role in the metabolic health of the host contributes significantly to T2DM involving impaired or improved glucose and lipid metabolism. At this point, dietary lipids may affect host physiology and health via interaction with the gut microbiota. Besides, increasing evidence in the literature suggests that lipidomics as novel parameters detected with holistic analytical techniques have important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM, through various mechanisms of action including gut-brain axis modulation. A better understanding of the roles of some nutrients and lipidomics in T2DM through gut microbiota interactions will help develop new strategies for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. However, this issue has not yet been entirely discussed in the literature. The present review provides up-to-date knowledge on the roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in T2DM and some nutritional strategies in T2DM considering lipids- lipidomics and gut microbiota interactions are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Arif Icer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, 05100, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Ozge Yesildemir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Koçak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Kocyigit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy.
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Lioy B, Webb RJ, Amirabdollahian F. The Association between the Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11070966. [PMID: 37046893 PMCID: PMC10094587 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition caused by a combination of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMR). MetS leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), both of which place a burden on not only the patients but also the healthcare system. Diagnostic criteria for MetS vary, and there is no universal tool to detect it. Recently, many studies have found positive associations between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and some CMR factors. Therefore, a comprehensive review was needed to recapitulate these studies and qualitatively estimate the likelihood of AIP being associated with CMR. We aimed to review and summarise observational data on AIP and CMR factors and verify their association. Materials and Methods: A review of observational studies was conducted by searching “atherogenic index of plasma” in PubMed, One Search, and the Cochrane library. A total of 2068 articles were screened, and 32 were included after excluding paediatric, non-human and interventional studies, and those carried out on cohorts with conditions unrelated to MetS or on lipid-lowering medication. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess their quality. Results: Most studies that reported high waist circumference (WC), triglycerides (TG), insulin resistance (IR) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration, also reported high AIP. Few studies investigated blood pressure (BP) and some discrepancies existed between their results. Conclusion: AIP may be associated with WC, TG, IR, and HDL-C. It is unclear if AIP is associated with BP. The current study’s results should be used to inform futureward a meta-analysis to be seen quantitatively. It is also recommended that more cohort studies stratified by gender and ethnicity be performed to ascertain if AIP can predict MetS before it manifests.
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Endocytosis of LXRs: Signaling in liver and disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:347-375. [PMID: 36631198 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are among one of the major transcriptional factors that induces gene regulation in the nucleus. Liver X receptor (LXR) is a transcription factor which regulates essential lipid homeostasis in the body including fatty acid, cholesterol and phospholipid synthesis. Liver X receptor-retinoid X receptor (LXR-RXR) heterodimer is activated by either of the ligand binding on LXR or RXR. The promoter region of the gene which is targeted by LXR is bound to the response element of LXR. The activators bind to the heterodimer once the corepressor is dissociated. The cellular process such as endocytosis aids in intracellular trafficking and endosomal formation in transportation of molecules for essential signaling within the cell. LXR isotypes play a crucial role in maintaining lipid homeostasis by regulating the level of cholesterol. In the liver, the deficiency of LXRα can alter the normal physiological conditions depicting the symptoms of various cardiovascular and liver diseases. LXR can degrade low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR) by the signaling of LXR-IDOL through endocytic trafficking in lipoprotein uptake. Various gene expressions associated with cholesterol level and lipid synthesis are regulated by LXR transcription factor. With its known diversified ligand binding, LXR is capable of regulating expression of various specific genes responsible for the progression of autoimmune diseases. The agonists and antagonists of LXR stand to be an important factor in transcription of the ABC family, essential for high density lipoprotein (HDL) formation. Endocytosis and signaling mechanism of the LXR family is broad and complex despite their involvement in cellular growth and proliferation. Here in this chapter, we aimed to emphasize the master regulation of LXR activation, regulators, and their implications in various metabolic activities especially in lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, we also briefed the significant role of LXR endocytosis in T cell immune regulation and a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular and neuroadaptive.
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Meszaros M, Bikov A. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Lipid Metabolism: The Summary of Evidence and Future Perspectives in the Pathophysiology of OSA-Associated Dyslipidaemia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2754. [PMID: 36359273 PMCID: PMC9687681 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Strong evidence suggests that OSA is associated with an altered lipid profile including elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Intermittent hypoxia; sleep fragmentation; and consequential surges in the sympathetic activity, enhanced oxidative stress and systemic inflammation are the postulated mechanisms leading to metabolic alterations in OSA. Although the exact mechanisms of OSA-associated dyslipidaemia have not been fully elucidated, three main points have been found to be impaired: activated lipolysis in the adipose tissue, decreased lipid clearance from the circulation and accelerated de novo lipid synthesis. This is further complicated by the oxidisation of atherogenic lipoproteins, adipose tissue dysfunction, hormonal changes, and the reduced function of HDL particles in OSA. In this comprehensive review, we summarise and critically evaluate the current evidence about the possible mechanisms involved in OSA-associated dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Meszaros
- Department of Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Centre, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Bikov
- North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9MT, UK
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Cupido AJ, Reeskamp LF, Hingorani AD, Finan C, Asselbergs FW, Hovingh GK, Schmidt AF. Joint Genetic Inhibition of PCSK9 and CETP and the Association With Coronary Artery Disease: A Factorial Mendelian Randomization Study. JAMA Cardiol 2022; 7:955-964. [PMID: 35921096 PMCID: PMC9350849 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2022.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Importance Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition (CETP) has been shown to increase levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and reduce levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Current LDL-C target attainment is low, and novel phase 3 trials are underway to investigate whether CETP inhibitors result in reduction of cardiovascular disease risk in high-risk patients who may be treated with PCSK9-inhibiting agents. Objective To explore the associations of combined reduction of CETP and PCSK9 concentrations with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and other clinical and safety outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants Two-sample 2 × 2 factorial Mendelian randomization study in a general population sample that includes data for UK Biobank participants of European ancestry. Exposures Separate genetic scores were constructed for CETP and PCSK9 plasma protein concentrations, which were combined to determine the associations of combined genetically reduced CETP and PCSK9 concentrations with disease. Main Outcomes and Measures Blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, blood pressure, CAD, age-related macular degeneration, type 2 diabetes, any stroke and ischemic stroke, Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, asthma, and multiple sclerosis. Results Data for 425 354 UKB participants were included; the median (IQR) age was 59 years (51-64), and 229 399 (53.9%) were female. The associations of lower CETP and lower PCSK9 concentrations with CAD are similar when scaled per 10-mg/dL reduction in LDL-C concentrations (CETP: odds ratio [OR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.81; PCSK9: OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.79). Combined exposure to lower CETP and PCSK9 concentrations was associated with an additive magnitude with lipids and all outcomes, and we did not observe any nonadditive interactions, most notably for LDL-C (CETP: effect size, -1.11 mg/dL; 95% CI, -1.40 to -0.82; PCSK9: effect size, -2.13 mg/dL; 95% CI, -2.43 to -1.84; combined: effect size, -3.47 mg/dL; 95% CI, -3.76 to -3.18; P = .34 for interaction) and CAD (CETP: OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.00; PCSK9: OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91 to 0.97; combined: OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.93; P = .83 for interaction). In addition, when corrected for multiple testing, lower CETP concentrations were associated with increased age-related macular degeneration (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.19). Conclusions and Relevance Our results suggest that joint inhibition of CETP and PCSK9 has additive effects on lipid traits and disease risk, including a lower risk of CAD. Further research may explore whether a combination of CETP- and PCSK9-related therapeutics can benefit high-risk patients who are unable to reach treatment targets with existing options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjen J. Cupido
- Amsterdam UMC location, University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Laurens F. Reeskamp
- Amsterdam UMC location, University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aroon D. Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Finan
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, United Kingdom
| | - Folkert W. Asselbergs
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - G. Kees Hovingh
- Amsterdam UMC location, University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amand F. Schmidt
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Schekatolina S, Lahovska V, Bekshaev A, Kontush S, Le Goff W, Kontush A. Mathematical Modelling of Material Transfer to High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) upon Triglyceride Lipolysis by Lipoprotein Lipase: Relevance to Cardioprotective Role of HDL. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070623. [PMID: 35888747 PMCID: PMC9317498 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) contributes to lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TGRL) by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) via acquirement of surface lipids, including free cholesterol (FC), released upon lipolysis. According to the reverse remnant-cholesterol transport (RRT) hypothesis recently developed by us, acquirement of FC by HDL is reduced at both low and extremely high HDL concentrations, potentially underlying the U-shaped relationship between HDL-cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Mechanisms underlying impaired FC transfer however remain indeterminate. We developed a mathematical model of material transfer to HDL upon TGRL lipolysis by LPL. Consistent with experimental observations, mathematical modelling showed that surface components of TGRL, including FC, were accumulated in HDL upon lipolysis. The modelling successfully reproduced major features of cholesterol accumulation in HDL observed experimentally, notably saturation of this process over time and appearance of a maximum as a function of HDL concentration. The calculations suggested that the both phenomena resulted from competitive fluxes of FC through the HDL pool, including primarily those driven by FC concentration gradient between TGRL and HDL on the one hand and mediated by lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) on the other hand. These findings provide novel opportunities to revisit our view of HDL in the framework of RRT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viktoriia Lahovska
- Odessa National Technological University, 65000 Odessa, Ukraine; (S.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Aleksandr Bekshaev
- Physics Research Institute, I.I. Mechnikov Odessa National University, 65082 Odessa, Ukraine; (A.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sergey Kontush
- Physics Research Institute, I.I. Mechnikov Odessa National University, 65082 Odessa, Ukraine; (A.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), le Métabolisme et la Nutrition, ICAN, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Anatol Kontush
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), le Métabolisme et la Nutrition, ICAN, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(1)-40-77-96-33; Fax: +33-(1)-40-77-96-45
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13
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Guo X, Huang Z, Chen J, Hu J, Hu D, Peng D, Yu B. ANGPTL3 Is Involved in the Post-prandial Response in Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and HDL Components in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:913363. [PMID: 35845073 PMCID: PMC9276986 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.913363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that there exists an inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels in the plasma. However, information is lacking on the impact of post-prandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) on the structure of HDL subclasses in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, the data of 49 patients with CAD were analyzed to evaluate dynamic alterations in post-prandial lipid profiles using nuclear magnetic resonance-based methods. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify the serum angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3). After glucose supplementation, the expression of hepatic ANGPTL3 was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Compared to fasting levels, the post-prandial serum TG level of all participants was considerably increased. Although post-prandial total cholesterol in HDL (HDL-C) remained unchanged, free cholesterol in HDL particles (HDL-FC) was significantly reduced after a meal. Furthermore, the post-prandial decrease in the HDL-FC level corresponded to the increase in remnant cholesterol (RC), indicating the possible exchange of free cholesterol between HDL and TRLs after a meal. Moreover, CAD patients with exaggerated TG response to diet, defined as TG increase >30%, tend to have a greater post-prandial increase of RC and decrease of HDL-FC compared to those with TG increase ≤30%. Mechanistically, the fasting and post-prandial serum ANGPTL3 levels were significantly lower in those with TG increase ≤30% than those with TG increase >30%, suggesting that ANGPTL3, the key lipolysis regulator, may be responsible for the different post-prandial responses of TG, RC, and HDL-FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiarui Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bilian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Norwitz NG, Soto-Mota A, Kaplan B, Ludwig DS, Budoff M, Kontush A, Feldman D. The Lipid Energy Model: Reimagining Lipoprotein Function in the Context of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050460. [PMID: 35629964 PMCID: PMC9147253 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
When lean people adopt carbohydrate-restricted diets (CRDs), they may develop a lipid profile consisting of elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) with low triglycerides (TGs). The magnitude of this lipid profile correlates with BMI such that those with lower BMI exhibit larger increases in both LDL-C and HDL-C. The inverse association between BMI and LDL-C and HDL-C change on CRD contributed to the discovery of a subset of individuals—termed Lean Mass Hyper-Responders (LMHR)—who, despite normal pre-diet LDL-C, as compared to non-LMHR (mean levels of 148 and 145 mg/dL, respectively), exhibited a pronounced hyperlipidemic response to a CRD, with mean LDL-C and HDL-C levels increasing to 320 and 99 mg/dL, respectively, in the context of mean TG of 47 mg/dL. In some LMHR, LDL-C levels may be in excess of 500 mg/dL, again, with relatively normal pre-diet LDL-C and absent of genetic findings indicative of familial hypercholesterolemia in those who have been tested. The Lipid Energy Model (LEM) attempts to explain this metabolic phenomenon by positing that, with carbohydrate restriction in lean persons, the increased dependence on fat as a metabolic substrate drives increased hepatic secretion and peripheral uptake of TG contained within very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) by lipoprotein lipase, resulting in marked elevations of LDL-C and HDL-C, and low TG. Herein, we review the core features of the LEM. We review several existing lines of evidence supporting the model and suggest ways to test the model’s predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Norwitz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.G.N.); (D.F.)
| | - Adrian Soto-Mota
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, National Institute for Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Tlalpan, CDMX 14080, Mexico;
| | - Bob Kaplan
- Citizen Science Foundation, Las Vegas, NV 89139, USA;
| | - David S. Ludwig
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA;
| | - Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 1166 ICAN, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - David Feldman
- Citizen Science Foundation, Las Vegas, NV 89139, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.G.N.); (D.F.)
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15
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Abe RJ, Abe JI, Nguyen MTH, Olmsted-Davis EA, Mamun A, Banerjee P, Cooke JP, Fang L, Pownall H, Le NT. Free Cholesterol Bioavailability and Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:323-336. [PMID: 35332444 PMCID: PMC9050774 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As both a cholesterol acceptor and carrier in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is putatively atheroprotective. However, current pharmacological therapies to increase plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) concentration have paradoxically failed to prevent or reduce atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given that free cholesterol (FC) transfer between surfaces of lipoproteins and cells is reversible, excess plasma FC can be transferred to the cells of peripheral tissue sites resulting in atherosclerosis. Here, we summarize potential mechanisms contributing to this paradox and highlight the role of excess free cholesterol (FC) bioavailability in atherosclerosis vs. atheroprotection. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings have established a complex relationship between HDL-c concentration and atherosclerosis. Systemic scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) knock out (KO) mice exhibit with increased diet-induced atherosclerosis despite having an elevated plasma HDL-c concentration compared to wild type (WT) mice. The greater bioavailability of HDL-FC in SR-B1 vs. WT mice is associated with a higher FC content in multiple cell types and tissue sites. These results suggest that dysfunctional HDL with high FC bioavailability is atheroprone despite high HDL-c concentration. Past oversimplification of HDL-c involvement in cholesterol transport has led to the failures in HDL targeted therapy. Evidence suggests that FC-mediated functionality of HDL is of higher importance than its quantity; as a result, deciphering the regulatory mechanisms by which HDL-FC bioavailability can induce atherosclerosis can have far-reaching clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei J Abe
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Minh T H Nguyen
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Abrar Mamun
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Longhou Fang
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry Pownall
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Bioenergetics, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Cai YL, Hao BC, Chen JQ, Li YR, Liu HB. Correlation Between Plasma Proteomics and Adverse Outcomes Among Older Men With Chronic Coronary Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:867646. [PMID: 35514441 PMCID: PMC9062975 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.867646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is a newly proposed concept and is hallmarked by more long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), calling for accurate prognostic biomarkers for initial risk stratification. Methods Data-independent acquisition liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (DIA LC-MS/MS) quantitative proteomics was performed on 38 patients with CCS; 19 in the CCS events group and 19 in the non-events group as the controls. We also developed a machine-learning-based pipeline to identify proteins as potential biomarkers and validated the target proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in an independent prospective cohort. Results Fifty-seven differentially expressed proteins were identified by quantitative proteomics and three final biomarkers were preliminarily selected from the machine-learning-based pipeline. Further validation with the prospective cohort showed that endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) levels at admission were significantly higher in the CCS events group than they were in the non-events group, whereas the carboxypeptidase B2 (CPB2) level was similar in the two groups. In the Cox survival analysis, EPCR and CETP were independent risk factors for MACEs. We constructed a new prognostic model by combining the Framingham coronary heart disease (CHD) risk model with EPCR and CETP levels. This new model significantly improved the C-statistics for MACE prediction compared with that of the Framingham CHD risk model alone. Conclusion Plasma proteomics was used to find biomarkers of predicting MACEs in patients with CCS. EPCR and CETP were identified as promising prognostic biomarkers for CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ben-Chuan Hao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Rui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
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Tan Y, Lin Q, Xu J, Zhu L, Guo L, Xie Y, Du X, Zhang S, Wen T, Liu L. Non-fasting Changes in Blood Lipids After Three Daily Meals Within a Day in Chinese Inpatients With Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:799300. [PMID: 35498036 PMCID: PMC9039513 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.799300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-fasting (i.e., postprandial) lipid detection is recommended in clinical practice. However, the change in blood lipids in Chinese patients with cardiovascular diseases after three daily meals has never been reported yet. Methods Serum levels of blood lipids were measured or calculated in 77 inpatients (48 men and 29 women) at high or very high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the fasting state and at 4 h after three meals within a day according to their diet habits. Results Female patients showed significantly higher level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than male patients, and the gender difference in other lipid parameters did not reach statistical significance at any time-point. Levels of triglyceride (TG) and remnant cholesterol (RC) increased, while that of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased significantly after three meals (p < 0.05). Levels of HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) showed smaller changes after three meals. Percent reductions in the non-fasting LDL-C levels after lunch and supper were around 20%, which were greater than that after breakfast. The percent reductions in the non-fasting non-HDL-C levels after three meals were smaller than those in the non-fasting LDL-C levels. Patients with TG level ≥ 2.0 mmol/L (177 mg/dL) after lunch had significantly greater absolute reduction of LDL-C level than those with TG level < 2.0 mmol/L (177 mg/dL) after lunch [–0.69 mmol/L (–27 mg/dL) vs. –0.36 mmol/L (–14 mg/dL), p<0.01]. There was a significant and negative correlation between absolute change in LDL-C level and that in TG level (r = −0.32) or RC level (r = −0.67) after lunch (both p<0.01). Conclusion LDL-C level decreased significantly after three daily meals in Chinese patients at high or very high risk of ASCVD, especially when TG level reached its peak after lunch. Relatively, non-HDL-C level was more stable than LDL-C level postprandially. Therefore, when LDL-C level was measured in the non-fasting state, non-HDL-C level could be evaluated simultaneously to reduce the interference of related factors, such as postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, on detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangrong Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuzhen Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Liling Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shilan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Tie Wen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Tie Wen,
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Liu,
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To critically appraise new insights into HDL structure and function in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). RECENT FINDINGS In young T1DM patients with early renal impairment and a high inflammatory score, both HDL antioxidative activity and endothelial vasodilatory function were impaired, revealing a critical link between HDL dysfunction, subclinical vascular damage, systemic inflammation and end organ damage. HDL may inhibit development of T2DM by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptotic loss of pancreatic β-cells, an effect due in part to ABC transporter-mediated efflux of specific oxysterols with downstream activation of the hedghehog signalling receptor, Smoothened. The apoM-sphingosine-1-phosphate complex is critical to HDL antidiabetic activity, encompassing protection against insulin resistance, promotion of insulin secretion, enhanced β-cell survival and inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Structure-function studies of HDL in hyperglycemic, dyslipidemic T2DM patients revealed both gain and loss of lipidomic and proteomic components. Such changes attenuated both the optimal protective effects of HDL on mitochondrial function and its capacity to inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis. Distinct structural components associated with individual HDL functions. SUMMARY Extensive evidence indicates that both the proteome and lipidome of HDL are altered in T1DM and T2DM, with impairment of multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. John Chapman
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University
- Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Pitie-Salpetriere University Hospital
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
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朱 小, 李 文, 王 宪, 宋 文, 徐 莉, 张 立, 冯 向, 路 瑞, 释 栋, 孟 焕. [Gene polymorphisms of cytochrome B-245 alpha chain ( CYBA) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein ( CETP) and susceptibility to generalized aggressive periodontitis]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54:18-22. [PMID: 35165463 PMCID: PMC8860645 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation of cytochrome B-245 alpha chain (CYBA) rs4673 and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) rs12720922 polymorphisms with the susceptibility of gene-ralized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). METHODS The study was a case-control trial. A total of 372 GAgP patients and 133 periodontally healthy controls were recruited. The CYBA rs4673 and CETP rs12720922 polymorphisms were detected by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlation of CYBA rs4673 and CETP rs12720922 variants with the susceptibility of GAgP. The interaction between the two gene polymorphisms to the susceptibility of GAgP was analyzed by the likelihood ratio test. The interaction model adopted was the multiplication model. RESULTS The mean age of GAgP group and control group was (27.5±5.2) years and (28.8±7.1) years respectively. There was significant difference in age between the two groups (P < 0.05). The gender distribution (male/female) was 152/220 and 53/80 respectively, and there was no significant difference between GAgP group and controls (P>0.05). For CYBA rs4673, the frequency of CT/TT genotype in the GAgP group was significantly higher than that in the controls [18.0% (66/366) vs. 10.6% (14/132), P < 0.05]. After adjusting age and gender, the individuals with CT/TT genotype had a higher risk of GAgP (OR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.01-3.45, P < 0.05), compared with CC genotype. There was no statistically significant difference in distributions of the CETP rs12720922 genotypes (GG, AA/AG) between GAgP patients and healthy controls (P>0.05). A significant interaction between CYBA rs4673 and CETP rs12720922 in the susceptibility to GAgP was observed. The GAgP risk of the individuals with CYBA rs4673 CT/TT and CETP rs12720922 GG genotypes was significantly increased (OR=3.25, 95%CI: 1.36-7.75, P < 0.01), compared with those carrying CC and AA/AG genotypes. CONCLUSION CYBA rs4673 CT/TT genotype is associated with GAgP susceptibility. There is a significant interaction between CYBA rs4673 CT/TT genotype and CETP rs12720922 GG genotype in the susceptibility of GAgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- 小玲 朱
- 北京大学人民医院口腔科,北京 100044Department of Stomatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - 文静 李
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 宪娥 王
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 文莉 宋
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 莉 徐
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 立 张
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 向辉 冯
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 瑞芳 路
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 栋 释
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 焕新 孟
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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20
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Dong XH, Peng C, Zhang YY, Jiang Y, Yang LJ, He JB, Tao X, Zhang C, Chen AF, Xie HH. Low-Dose Piperlongumine Rescues Impaired Function of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Reduces Cerebral Ischemic Injury in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:689880. [PMID: 34867315 PMCID: PMC8634707 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.689880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of great clinical significance to develop potential novel strategies to prevent cardio-cerebrovascular complications in patients with hyperlipidemia. Vascular Endothelial integrity and function play a key role in the prevention of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can home to sites of ischemic injury and promote endothelial regeneration and neovascularization. Hypercholesterolemia impairs the function of EPC. The present study attempted to identify the effect of piperlongumine on EPCs’ angiogenic potential and cerebral ischemic injury in high-fat diet-fed (HFD-fed) mice. Here, we showed that treatment with low-does piperlongumine (0.25 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks significantly improved EPCs function and reduced the cerebral ischemic injury (both infarct volumes and neurobehavioral outcomes) in HFD-fed mice. In addition, low-dose piperlongumine administration increased intracellular NO level and reduced intracellular O2- level in EPCs of HFD-fed mice. Moreover, incubation with piperlongumine (1.0 μM, 24 h) reduced thrombospondin-1/2 (TSP-1/2, a potent angiogenesis inhibitor) expression levels in EPCs from HFD-fed mice, increased the therapeutic effect of EPC from HFD-fed mice on cerebral ischemic injury reduction and angiogenesis promotion in HFD-fed mice, and the donor derived EPCs homed to the recipient ischemic brain. In conclusion, low-dose piperlongumine can enhance EPCs’ angiogenic potential and protect against cerebral ischemic injury in HFD-fed mice. It is implied that treatment with low-dose piperlongumine might be a potential option to prevent ischemic diseases (including stroke) in patients with hyperlipidemia, and priming with piperlongumine might be a feasible way to improve the efficacy of EPC-based therapy for ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Dong
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Public Health and Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- School of Public Health and Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Bei He
- School of Public Health and Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alex F Chen
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Hui Xie
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health and Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Darabi M, Kontush A. High-density lipoproteins (HDL): Novel function and therapeutic applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1867:159058. [PMID: 34624514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The failure of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-raising agents to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) together with recent findings of increased cardiovascular mortality in subjects with extremely high HDL-cholesterol levels provide new opportunities to revisit our view of HDL. The concept of HDL function developed to explain these contradictory findings has recently been expanded by a role played by HDL in the lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) by lipoprotein lipase. According to the reverse remnant-cholesterol transport (RRT) hypothesis, HDL critically contributes to TGRL lipolysis via acquirement of surface lipids, including free cholesterol, released from TGRL. Ensuing cholesterol transport to the liver with excretion into the bile may reduce cholesterol influx in the arterial wall by accelerating removal from circulation of atherogenic, cholesterol-rich TGRL remnants. Such novel function of HDL opens wide therapeutic applications to reduce CVD in statin-treated patients, which primarily involve activation of cholesterol flux upon lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darabi
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 1166 ICAN, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 1166 ICAN, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
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22
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Çiftci G, Tuna E. Effects of cholesterol and Lactobacillus acidophilus on testicular function. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2021; 48:229-235. [PMID: 34488287 PMCID: PMC8421657 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2020.04322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on testosterone (TES), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), androgen-binding protein (ABP), factor-associated apoptosis (FAS), and total cholesterol (TC), as well as histopathological changes, were investigated in male rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Methods The study included three groups. The control (C) group was fed standard-diet for 8 weeks. The hypercholesterolemia (HC) group was fed a 2% cholesterol-diet for 8 weeks. The therapeutic group (HCL) was fed a 2% cholesterol-diet for 8 weeks and administered L. acidophilus for the last 4 weeks. FSH, TES, and FAS levels in testicular tissue were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while another sample was examined histopathologically. LH and ABP levels were determined using ELISA, and serum TC levels were assessed via an autoanalyzer. Results In the HC group, the TC levels were significantly higher and the LH levels were lower (p<0.05) than in the C group. The ABP levels were lower (p>0.05). In the HCL group, the LH and ABP levels were higher (p>0.05) and the TC level significantly lower (p<0.05) than in the HC group. The TES and FSH levels were lower, and the FAS levels were higher, in the HC than in the C group (p<0.05). In the HCL group, levels of all three resembled control levels. Histologically, in the testicular tissue of the HC group, the cells in the tubular wall exhibited atrophy, vacuolization, and reduced wall structure integrity. However, in the HCL group, these deteriorations were largely reversed. Conclusion Supplementary dietary administration of an L. acidophilus to hypercholesterolemic male rats positively impacted testicular tissue and male fertility hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülay Çiftci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Elif Tuna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
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23
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Ginsberg HN, Packard CJ, Chapman MJ, Borén J, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Averna M, Ference BA, Gaudet D, Hegele RA, Kersten S, Lewis GF, Lichtenstein AH, Moulin P, Nordestgaard BG, Remaley AT, Staels B, Stroes ESG, Taskinen MR, Tokgözoğlu LS, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Stock JK, Catapano AL. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants: metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies-a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:4791-4806. [PMID: 34472586 PMCID: PMC8670783 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in human genetics, together with a large body of epidemiologic, preclinical, and clinical trial results, provide strong support for a causal association between triglycerides (TG), TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL), and TRL remnants, and increased risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and aortic valve stenosis. These data also indicate that TRL and their remnants may contribute significantly to residual cardiovascular risk in patients on optimized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering therapy. This statement critically appraises current understanding of the structure, function, and metabolism of TRL, and their pathophysiological role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Key points are (i) a working definition of normo- and hypertriglyceridaemic states and their relation to risk of ASCVD, (ii) a conceptual framework for the generation of remnants due to dysregulation of TRL production, lipolysis, and remodelling, as well as clearance of remnant lipoproteins from the circulation, (iii) the pleiotropic proatherogenic actions of TRL and remnants at the arterial wall, (iv) challenges in defining, quantitating, and assessing the atherogenic properties of remnant particles, and (v) exploration of the relative atherogenicity of TRL and remnants compared to LDL. Assessment of these issues provides a foundation for evaluating approaches to effectively reduce levels of TRL and remnants by targeting either production, lipolysis, or hepatic clearance, or a combination of these mechanisms. This consensus statement updates current understanding in an integrated manner, thereby providing a platform for new therapeutic paradigms targeting TRL and their remnants, with the aim of reducing the risk of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry N Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, PH-10-305, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - M John Chapman
- Sorbonne University Endocrinology-Metabolism Division, Pitié-Salpetriere University Hospital, and National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), 47 Hôpital boulevard, Paris 75013, France
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas and Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto, Monterrey, Nuevo León 3000, Mexico
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, Marina Square, 61, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Brian A Ference
- Centre for Naturally Randomized Trials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- Clinical Lipidology and Rare Lipid Disorders Unit, Community Genomic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, ECOGENE, Clinical and Translational Research Center, and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, 305 Rue St Vallier, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 5H6, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sander Kersten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Eaton Building, Room 12E248, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St Ste 9, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Philippe Moulin
- Department of Endocrinology, GHE, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm UMR 1060, CENS-ELI B, Univ-Lyon1, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev 2730, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Dr Ste 10-7C114, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1541 Kings Hwy, Amsterdam 71103, The Netherlands
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lale S Tokgözoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Blegdamsvej 9, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej, Frederiksberg 57 2000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen 3B 2200, Denmark
| | - Jane K Stock
- European Atherosclerosis Society, Mässans Gata 10, Gothenburg SE-412 51, Sweden
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano and IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy
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24
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Bhattarai A, Likos EM, Weyman CM, Shukla GC. Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid metabolism: A microRNA management perspective. Steroids 2021; 173:108878. [PMID: 34174291 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular disruption of lipid and cholesterol metabolism results in pathological processes linked to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Classically, at the transcription stages, the Cholesterol levels are controlled by two cellular pathways. First, the SREBP transcription factor family controls Cholesterol biosynthesis via transcriptional regulation of critical rate-limiting cholesterogenic and lipogenic proteins. Secondly, The LXR/RXR transcription factor family controls cholesterol shuttling via transcriptional regulation of cholesterol transport proteins. In addition, the posttranscriptional control of gene expression of various enzymes and proteins of cholesterol biosynthesis pathways is mediated by small non-coding microRNAs. Regulatory noncoding miRNAs are critical regulators of biological processes, including developmental and metabolic functions. miRNAs function to fine-tune lipid and cholesterol metabolism pathways by controlling the mRNA levels and translation of critical molecules in each pathway. This review discusses the regulatory roles of miRNAs in cholesterol and lipid metabolism via direct and indirect effects on their target genes, including SREBP, LXR, HDL, LDL, and ABCA transporters. We also discuss the therapeutic implications of miRNA functions and their purported role in the potentiation of small molecule therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Bhattarai
- Center for Gene Regulation, Department of Biological, Geo and EVS Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
| | - Eviania M Likos
- Center for Gene Regulation, Department of Biological, Geo and EVS Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
| | - Crystal M Weyman
- Center for Gene Regulation, Department of Biological, Geo and EVS Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
| | - Girish C Shukla
- Center for Gene Regulation, Department of Biological, Geo and EVS Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
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25
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von Eckardstein A. High Density Lipoproteins: Is There a Comeback as a Therapeutic Target? Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 270:157-200. [PMID: 34463854 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low plasma levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with increased risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In cell culture and animal models, HDL particles exert multiple potentially anti-atherogenic effects. However, drugs increasing HDL-C have failed to prevent cardiovascular endpoints. Mendelian Randomization studies neither found any genetic causality for the associations of HDL-C levels with differences in cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the causal role and, hence, utility as a therapeutic target of HDL has been questioned. However, the biomarker "HDL-C" as well as the interpretation of previous data has several important limitations: First, the inverse relationship of HDL-C with risk of ASCVD is neither linear nor continuous. Hence, neither the-higher-the-better strategies of previous drug developments nor previous linear cause-effect relationships assuming Mendelian randomization approaches appear appropriate. Second, most of the drugs previously tested do not target HDL metabolism specifically so that the futile trials question the clinical utility of the investigated drugs rather than the causal role of HDL in ASCVD. Third, the cholesterol of HDL measured as HDL-C neither exerts nor reports any HDL function. Comprehensive knowledge of structure-function-disease relationships of HDL particles and associated molecules will be a pre-requisite, to test them for their physiological and pathogenic relevance and exploit them for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of individuals at HDL-associated risk of ASCVD but also other diseases, for example diabetes, chronic kidney disease, infections, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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26
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Syed T, Siddiqui MS. Atherogenic Dyslipidemia After Liver Transplantation: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Liver Transpl 2021; 27:1326-1333. [PMID: 33837670 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly atherosclerosis-associated CVD, is a major cause of long-term mortality after liver transplantation (LT). The liver is central in lipid homeostasis, and changes associated with insulin resistance, weight gain, adipose tissue inflammation, and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after LT promote atherogenesis. These factors synergistically alter lipid homeostasis, thereby leading to the production of proatherogenic lipoproteins, which contribute to the heighted risk of CVD-associated events observed in LT recipients. Although the exact mechanism promoting this shift of a proatherogenic lipoprotein profile is currently not known, the choice of immunosuppression and preexisting metabolic risk factors (ie, NAFLD) are likely contributors. This shift in proatherogenic lipoprotein subparticles presents clinical challenges as the traditional lipid profile employed in clinical practice may not fully capture this atherogenic risk. This review focuses on lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis in LT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taseen Syed
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Transplant Hepatology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Mohammad S Siddiqui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Transplant Hepatology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.,Hume-Lee Transplant Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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27
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Howard E, Attenbourgh A, O'Mahoney LL, Sakar A, Ke L, Campbell MD. Postprandial vascular-inflammatory and thrombotic responses to high-fat feeding are augmented by manipulating the lipid droplet size distribution. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2716-2723. [PMID: 34218987 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Postprandial responses are influenced not only by the type and amount of fat ingested, but also lipid droplet size distribution. However, little research has investigated the impact of differential lipid size distributions within a mixed-macronutrient meal context on postprandial vascular health. Therefore, we examined whether manipulating the lipid droplet size distribution within a mixed-macronutrient meal impacts vascular-inflammatory and thrombotic parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomised and counterbalanced fashion, sixteen adults (8 males; age 34 ± 7 years; BMI of 25.3 ± 4.5 kg/m2) completed three separate fasted morning-time feeding challenges, each separated by a minimum washout of 7-days. On each occasion, test-meals matched for carbohydrate and protein content differing only in fat amount and the lipid droplet size distribution were administered, such that participants consumed (1) a low-fat meal (LF) with negligible fat content, (2) an emulsified-high-fat meal with a fine lipid droplet size (FE), or (3) an emulsified-high-fat meal with a coarse lipid droplet size (CE). Periodic blood samples were retrospectively analysed for plasma triglycerides, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), tissue factor (TF), fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Triglyceride concentrations increased rapidly overtime under FE (P-time<0.05); this rise was attenuated under CE (P-time>0.05) and was comparable to LF (P-condition>0.05). Similarly, FE induced a significant rise in TNFα, TF, fibrinogen, and PAI-1 (P-time<0.05); these parameters remained unchanged under LF and CE (P-time>0.05). CONCLUSION A high-fat mixed-macronutrient meal with a larger lipid droplet size distribution ameliorates the associated rise in vascular-inflammatory and thrombotic parameters. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN88881254.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Howard
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Lauren L O'Mahoney
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anwesha Sakar
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lijin Ke
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Matthew D Campbell
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China; Faculty of Health Science and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK; Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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28
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Zhang HJ, Gao X, Guo XF, Li KL, Li S, Sinclair AJ, Li D. Effects of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 33 randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4538-4550. [PMID: 34229258 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared the effects of pure preparations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in reducing metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors, but the results were inconsistent. The present study aimed to clarify whether EPA and DHA have differential effects on MetS features in humans. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in CNKI, PubMed, Embase and Scopus updated to February 2021. The mean changes in the characteristics of MetS were calculated as weighted mean differences by using a random-effects model. Thirty-three RCTs were included. RESULTS The results showed that both EPA and DHA were effective at lowering serum triglycerides (TG) levels. EPA supplementation decreased the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) (WMD = -0.24 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.43, -0.05 mmol/L), TG (WMD = -0.77 mmol/L; 95% CI, -1.54, -0.00 mmol/L) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD = -0.13 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.25, -0.01 mmol/L), while DHA increased the serum levels of TC (WMD = 0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.03, 0.25 mmol/L), LDL-C (WMD = 0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.15, 0.38 mmol/L) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD = 0.07 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.04, 0.09 mmol/L). Moreover, DHA increased the serum levels of insulin compared with EPA, especially in subgroups whose mean age was <60 years (0.43 mU/L; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.81 mU/L) and duration of DHA supplementation < 3 months (0.39 mU/L; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.77 mU/L). CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis provides evidence that EPA and DHA have different effects on risk factors of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke-Lei Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Andrew J Sinclair
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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29
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Popeijus HE, Zwaan W, Tayyeb JZ, Plat J. Potential Contribution of Short Chain Fatty Acids to Hepatic Apolipoprotein A-I Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115986. [PMID: 34206021 PMCID: PMC8199098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the major protein of high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and has a crucial role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). It has been postulated that elevating production of de novo ApoA-I might translate into the formation of new functional HDL particles that could lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk via RCT. During inflammation, serum ApoA-I concentrations are reduced, which contributes to the development of dysfunctional HDL particles as Serum Amyloid A (SAA) overtakes the position of ApoA-I within the HDL particles. Therefore, instead of elevating serum HDL cholesterol concentrations, rescuing lower serum ApoA-I concentrations could be beneficial in both normal and inflamed conditions. Several nutritional compounds, amongst others short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have shown their capacity to modulate hepatic lipoprotein metabolism. In this review we provide an overview of HDL and more specific ApoA-I metabolism, SCFAs physiology and the current knowledge regarding the influence of SCFAs on ApoA-I expression and synthesis in human liver cells. We conclude that the current evidence regarding the effect of SCFAs on ApoA-I transcription and secretion is promising, however there is a need to investigate which dietary fibres could lead to increased SCFAs formation and consequent elevated ApoA-I concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman E. Popeijus
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands; (W.Z.); (J.Z.T.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-620991115
| | - Willem Zwaan
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands; (W.Z.); (J.Z.T.); (J.P.)
| | - Jehad Z. Tayyeb
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands; (W.Z.); (J.Z.T.); (J.P.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands; (W.Z.); (J.Z.T.); (J.P.)
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30
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Recent Molecular Mechanisms and Beneficial Effects of Phytochemicals and Plant-Based Whole Foods in Reducing LDL-C and Preventing Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050784. [PMID: 34063371 PMCID: PMC8157003 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal lipid metabolism leads to the development of hyperlipidemia, a common cause of multiple chronic disorders, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, diabetes, and cerebrovascular disease. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) currently remains the primary target for treatment of hyperlipidemia. Despite the advancement of treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, medications used to manage hyperlipidemia are limited to allopathic drugs, which present certain limitations and adverse effects. Increasing evidence indicates that utilization of phytochemicals and plant-based whole foods is an alternative and promising strategy to prevent hyperlipidemia and CVD. The current review focuses on phytochemicals and their pharmacological mode of actions for the regulation of LDL-C and prevention of CVD. The important molecular mechanisms illustrated in detail in this review include elevation of reverse cholesterol transport, inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption, acceleration of cholesterol excretion in the liver, and reduction of cholesterol synthesis. Moreover, the beneficial effects of plant-based whole foods, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, dried nuts, flax seeds, whole grains, peas, beans, vegan diets, and dietary fibers in LDL-C reduction and cardiovascular health are summarized. This review concludes that phytochemicals and plant-based whole foods can reduce LDL-C levels and lower the risk for CVD.
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31
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Borén J, Chapman MJ, Krauss RM, Packard CJ, Bentzon JF, Binder CJ, Daemen MJ, Demer LL, Hegele RA, Nicholls SJ, Nordestgaard BG, Watts GF, Bruckert E, Fazio S, Ference BA, Graham I, Horton JD, Landmesser U, Laufs U, Masana L, Pasterkamp G, Raal FJ, Ray KK, Schunkert H, Taskinen MR, van de Sluis B, Wiklund O, Tokgozoglu L, Catapano AL, Ginsberg HN. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:2313-2330. [PMID: 32052833 PMCID: PMC7308544 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 683] [Impact Index Per Article: 227.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M John Chapman
- Endocrinology-Metabolism Division, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Atherosclerosis Research, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute and UCSF, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jacob F Bentzon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Heart Diseases, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mat J Daemen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda L Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Lipid Disorders Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Eric Bruckert
- INSERM UMRS1166, Department of Endocrinology-Metabolism, ICAN - Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, AP-HP, Hopital de la Pitie, Paris, France
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center of Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brian A Ference
- Centre for Naturally Randomized Trials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jay D Horton
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luis Masana
- Research Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, IISPV, CIBERDEM, University Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Llorenç 21, Reus 43201, Spain
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederick J Raal
- Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kausik K Ray
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olov Wiklund
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lale Tokgozoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, and IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Henry N Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Öörni K, Kovanen PT. Aggregation Susceptibility of Low-Density Lipoproteins-A Novel Modifiable Biomarker of Cardiovascular Risk. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1769. [PMID: 33921661 PMCID: PMC8074066 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles enter the arterial intima where they bind to the extracellular matrix and become modified by lipases, proteases, and oxidizing enzymes and agents. The modified LDL particles aggregate and fuse into larger matrix-bound lipid droplets and, upon generation of unesterified cholesterol, cholesterol crystals are also formed. Uptake of the aggregated/fused particles and cholesterol crystals by macrophages and smooth muscle cells induces their inflammatory activation and conversion into foam cells. In this review, we summarize the causes and consequences of LDL aggregation and describe the development and applications of an assay capable of determining the susceptibility of isolated LDL particles to aggregate when exposed to human recombinant sphingomyelinase enzyme ex vivo. Significant person-to-person differences in the aggregation susceptibility of LDL particles were observed, and such individual differences largely depended on particle lipid composition. The presence of aggregation-prone LDL in the circulation predicted future cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We also discuss means capable of reducing LDL particles' aggregation susceptibility that could potentially inhibit LDL aggregation in the arterial wall. Whether reductions in LDL aggregation susceptibility are associated with attenuated atherogenesis and a reduced risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Öörni
- Wihuri Research Institute, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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33
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Fragki S, Dirven H, Fletcher T, Grasl-Kraupp B, Bjerve Gützkow K, Hoogenboom R, Kersten S, Lindeman B, Louisse J, Peijnenburg A, Piersma AH, Princen HMG, Uhl M, Westerhout J, Zeilmaker MJ, Luijten M. Systemic PFOS and PFOA exposure and disturbed lipid homeostasis in humans: what do we know and what not? Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:141-164. [PMID: 33853480 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1888073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and increased blood lipids have been repeatedly observed in humans, but a causal relation has been debated. Rodent studies show reverse effects, i.e. decreased blood cholesterol and triglycerides, occurring however at PFAS serum levels at least 100-fold higher than those in humans. This paper aims to present the main issues regarding the modulation of lipid homeostasis by the two most common PFASs, PFOS and PFOA, with emphasis on the underlying mechanisms relevant for humans. Overall, the apparent contrast between human and animal data may be an artifact of dose, with different molecular pathways coming into play upon exposure to PFASs at very low versus high levels. Altogether, the interpretation of existing rodent data on PFOS/PFOA-induced lipid perturbations with respect to the human situation is complex. From a mechanistic perspective, research on human liver cells shows that PFOS/PFOA activate the PPARα pathway, whereas studies on the involvement of other nuclear receptors, like PXR, are less conclusive. Other data indicate that suppression of the nuclear receptor HNF4α signaling pathway, as well as perturbations of bile acid metabolism and transport might be important cellular events that require further investigation. Future studies with human-relevant test systems would help to obtain more insight into the mechanistic pathways pertinent for humans. These studies shall be designed with a careful consideration of appropriate dosing and toxicokinetics, so as to enable biologically plausible quantitative extrapolations. Such research will increase the understanding of possible perturbed lipid homeostasis related to PFOS/ PFOA exposure and the potential implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Fragki
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tony Fletcher
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, UK
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ron Hoogenboom
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitte Lindeman
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Peijnenburg
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M G Princen
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Uhl
- Environment Agency Austria (EAA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Joost Westerhout
- Risk Analysis for Products In Development, The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J Zeilmaker
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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34
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Ma F, Darabi M, Lhomme M, Tubeuf E, Canicio A, Brerault J, Medadje N, Rached F, Lebreton S, Frisdal E, Brites F, Serrano C, Santos R, Gautier E, Huby T, El Khoury P, Carrié A, Abifadel M, Bruckert E, Guerin M, Couvert P, Giral P, Lesnik P, Le Goff W, Guillas I, Kontush A. Phospholipid transfer to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) upon triglyceride lipolysis is directly correlated with HDL-cholesterol levels and is not associated with cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis 2021; 324:1-8. [PMID: 33798922 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS While low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) represent a well-established cardiovascular risk factor, extremely high HDL-C is paradoxically associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, resulting in the U-shape relationship with cardiovascular disease. Free cholesterol transfer to HDL upon lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) was recently reported to underlie this relationship, linking HDL-C to triglyceride metabolism and atherosclerosis. In addition to free cholesterol, other surface components of TGRL, primarily phospholipids, are transferred to HDL during lipolysis. It remains indeterminate as to whether such transfer is linked to HDL-C and cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS When TGRL was labelled with fluorescent phospholipid 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), time- and dose-dependent transfer of DiI to HDL was observed upon incubations with lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The capacity of HDL to acquire DiI was decreased by -36% (p<0.001) in low HDL-C patients with acute myocardial infarction (n = 22) and by -95% (p<0.001) in low HDL-C subjects with Tangier disease (n = 7), unchanged in low HDL-C patients with Type 2 diabetes (n = 17) and in subjects with high HDL-C (n = 20), and elevated in subjects with extremely high HDL-C (+11%, p<0.05) relative to healthy normolipidemic controls. Across all the populations combined, HDL capacity to acquire DiI was directly correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.58, p<0.001). No relationship of HDL capacity to acquire DiI with both overall and cardiovascular mortality obtained from epidemiological studies for the mean HDL-C levels observed in the studied populations was obtained. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the capacity of HDL to acquire phospholipid from TGRL upon LPL-mediated lipolysis is proportional to HDL-C and does not reflect cardiovascular risk in subjects widely differing in HDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ma
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
| | - Maryam Darabi
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lhomme
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Emilie Tubeuf
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Canicio
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Jean Brerault
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Narcisse Medadje
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Fabiana Rached
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Heart Institute-InCor, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eric Frisdal
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Serrano
- Heart Institute-InCor, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul Santos
- Heart Institute-InCor, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Gautier
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Huby
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Petra El Khoury
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pôle Technologie-Santé, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; INSERM LVTS U1148, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Alain Carrié
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Abifadel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pôle Technologie-Santé, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; INSERM LVTS U1148, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Eric Bruckert
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, F-75013, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Maryse Guerin
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Couvert
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Giral
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, F-75013, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Guillas
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 Bld de L'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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The Presence of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) in Endothelial Cells Generates Vascular Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010069. [PMID: 33430172 PMCID: PMC7825632 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction precedes atherosclerosis and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Cholesterol levels and oxidative stress are key contributors to endothelial damage, whereas high levels of plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL) could prevent it. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is one of the most potent endogenous negative regulators of HDL-cholesterol. However, whether and to what degree CETP expression impacts endothelial function, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the vascular effects of CETP on endothelial cells, have not been addressed. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic rings was impaired in human CETP-expressing transgenic mice, compared to their non-transgenic littermates. However, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation was enhanced. The generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide was increased in aortas from CETP transgenic mice, while silencing CETP in cultured human aortic endothelial cells effectively decreased oxidative stress promoted by all major sources of ROS: mitochondria and NOX2. The endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, known as GADD153, PERK, and ARF6, and unfolded protein response effectors, were also diminished. Silencing CETP reduced endothelial tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α levels, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, diminishing monocyte adhesion. These results support the notion that CETP expression negatively impacts endothelial cell function, revealing a new mechanism that might contribute to atherosclerosis.
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Srisawasdi P, Rodcharoen P, Vanavanan S, Chittamma A, Sukasem C, Na Nakorn C, Dejthevaporn C, Kroll MH. Association of CETP Gene Variants with Atherogenic Dyslipidemia Among Thai Patients Treated with Statin. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:1-13. [PMID: 33447072 PMCID: PMC7802592 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s278671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Patients treated with statins for dyslipidemia may still have a residual risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). To determine whether genetic variants in the cholesteryl ester transport protein (CETP), rs3764261 (C>A), rs708272 (G>A), and rs12149545 (G>A) affect ASCVD risk, we studied the association of these variants with dyslipidemia in statin-treated patients. Patients and Methods We included 299 adult Thai patients treated with a statin (95 men and 204 women). Genotyping was performed by conducting a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction-based analysis. We used logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders of age, body mass index, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and statin dosage to analyze the association between CETP variants and atherogenic lipoprotein patterns. Results CETP polymorphisms of rs3764261 and rs708272, but not rs12149545, were significantly associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA-I, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-C, and large LDL (LDL1-C) levels as well as mean LDL particle size (all p < 0.020). However, no significant difference was observed in total cholesterol, LDL-C, or apoB levels by CETP variants. Regardless of sex, the combination of rs3764261 (CC genotype) and rs708272 (GG or GA genotypes) showed a stronger association with atherogenic dyslipidemia, including features of decreased HDL-C, elevated triglycerides, and LDL subclass pattern B (odds ratio [OR] = 2.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.78–5.02) compared with the single variant rs3764261 (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.27–3.50) or rs708272 (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.29–3.49). Conclusion The polymorphisms of CETP rs3764261 (CC genotype) and rs708272 (GG and GA genotypes) may have a higher susceptibility to atherogenic dyslipidemia. Testing for CETP rs3764261 and rs708272 may serve as a surrogate marker for lipid management in statin-treated patients, which may help individualize treatment for reducing the residual risk of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpen Srisawasdi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Punyanuch Rodcharoen
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somlak Vanavanan
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Chittamma
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chalitpon Na Nakorn
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Charungthai Dejthevaporn
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Martin H Kroll
- Quest Diagnostics, Secaucus, NJ 07094, United States of America
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Márquez AB, Nazir S, van der Vorst EP. High-Density Lipoprotein Modifications: A Pathological Consequence or Cause of Disease Progression? Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120549. [PMID: 33260660 PMCID: PMC7759904 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is well-known for its cardioprotective effects, as it possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-thrombotic, and cytoprotective properties. Traditionally, studies and therapeutic approaches have focused on raising HDL cholesterol levels. Recently, it became evident that, not HDL cholesterol, but HDL composition and functionality, is probably a more fruitful target. In disorders, such as chronic kidney disease or cardiovascular diseases, it has been observed that HDL is modified and becomes dysfunctional. There are different modification that can occur, such as serum amyloid, an enrichment and oxidation, carbamylation, and glycation of key proteins. Additionally, the composition of HDL can be affected by changes to enzymes such as cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) or by modification to other important components. This review will highlight some main modifications to HDL and discuss whether these modifications are purely a consequential result of pathology or are actually involved in the pathology itself and have a causal role. Therefore, HDL composition may present a molecular target for the amelioration of certain diseases, but more information is needed to determine to what extent HDL modifications play a causal role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonnin Márquez
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.B.M.); (S.N.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sumra Nazir
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.B.M.); (S.N.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P.C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.B.M.); (S.N.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-80-36914
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Kostara CE, Ferrannini E, Bairaktari ET, Papathanasiou A, Elisaf M, Tsimihodimos V. Early Signs of Atherogenic Features in the HDL Lipidomes of Normolipidemic Patients Newly Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228835. [PMID: 33266469 PMCID: PMC7700318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), although the factors that accelerate atherosclerosis in these patients are poorly understood. The identification of the altered quantity and quality of lipoproteins, closely related to atherogenesis, is limited in routine to a pattern of high triglycerides and low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and in research as dysfunctional HDLs. We used the emerging NMR-based lipidomic technology to investigate compositional features of the HDLs of healthy individuals with normal coronary arteries, drug-naïve; recently diagnosed T2DM patients with normal coronary arteries; and patients with recent acute coronary syndrome. Patients with T2DM and normal serum lipid profiles even at diagnosis presented significant lipid alterations in HDL, characterized by higher triglycerides, lysophosphatidylcholine and saturated fatty acids; and lower cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, plasmalogens and polyunsaturated fatty acids, an atherogenic pattern that may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These changes are qualitatively similar to those found, more profoundly, in normolipidemic patients with established Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). We also conclude that NMR-based lipidomics offer a novel holistic exploratory approach for identifying and quantifying lipid species in biological matrixes in physiological processes and disease states or in disease biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E. Kostara
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.E.K.); (E.T.B.)
| | | | - Eleni T. Bairaktari
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.E.K.); (E.T.B.)
| | - Athanasios Papathanasiou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.P.); (M.E.)
| | - Moses Elisaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.P.); (M.E.)
| | - Vasilis Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.P.); (M.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2651007362
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Chiappe EL, Martin M, Molli AI, Millan A, Tetzlaff W, Botta E, Ferraro F, Sáez MS, Lorenzon Gonzalez MV, Boero L, Sorroche P, Beskow A, Gutierrez M, Cerrone G, Gutt S, Frechtel G, Brites F. Effect of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Lipoprotein Metabolism and Markers of HDL Functionality in Morbid Obese Patients. Obes Surg 2020; 31:1092-1098. [PMID: 33128217 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-05076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Morbid obesity represents the most severe form of obesity and surgical intervention would be its only successful treatment. Bariatric surgery could generate modifications in carbohydrate metabolism and in lipid profile plus lipoprotein-associated proteins and enzymes, such as lipoprotein-associated phoslipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and paraoxonase (PON) 1. The aim of the present study was to analyze changes in inflammation markers, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid parameters in patients who underwent bariatric surgery. METHODS Thirty-seven patients with morbid obesity were recruited. Evaluations were performed before (T0) and 1 (T1) and 6 (T2) months after surgery. Glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, and B plus Interleukin 1β and 6 levels in addition to CETP, Lp-PLA2, and PON 1 activities were determined. RESULTS Body mass index decreased at T1 and T2 (p < 0.01). An improvement in all markers of insulin resistance (p < 0.05) was observed at T1. hsCRP levels diminished at T2 (p < 0.05). Triglyceride levels decreased at T1 and T2 (p < 0.05). HDL-C and apo A-I showed a decrease at T1 which was completely reversed at T2 (p < 0.05). Lp-PLA2 activity increased at T1, which was reversed at T2 (p < 0.05), and CETP activity was diminished at T2 (p < 0.05). PON and ARE activities decreased at T1 and partially recovered at T2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results would be indicative of a favorable effect of bariatric surgery on markers of carbohydrate metabolism and cardiovascular disease lipid risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Lozano Chiappe
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Martin
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Iglesias Molli
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Millan
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Tetzlaff
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Botta
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Ferraro
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria S Sáez
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Pres. Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria V Lorenzon Gonzalez
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Pres. Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Boero
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Sorroche
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Pres. Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Axel Beskow
- Servicio de Clinica Médica, Sección Nutrición, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Gutierrez
- Servicio de Clinica Médica, Sección Nutrición, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gloria Cerrone
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Gutt
- Servicio de Clinica Médica, Sección Nutrición, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Frechtel
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Major lipids making effects on the occurrence of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is well recognized, but their roles on stroke severity remain uncertain. To explore the exact roles of lipids playing on stroke severity and the possible mechanism, we conduct this observational study.Data was collected from patients with AIS from February 2008 to May 2012. The level of major lipids was compared among AIS groups with different severity and investigated the correlation. Also, the relationship existed between major lipids and bilirubin. Mechanism of major lipids playing on stroke severity was researched to determine if oxidative stress reflected by bilirubin.Lower triglyceride (TG) and higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were observed in severe stroke, and obvious correlation existed between TG and stroke severity or HDL-C and stroke severity. TG was associated negatively with direct bilirubin (DBIL) and total bilirubin (TBIL), and lower level of DBIL and TBIL were related to higher quartiles of TG. There was no obvious difference of DBIL and TBIL among the groups of quartiles of HDL-C. TG was the influence factor of stroke severity in severe stroke through multiple univariable logistic regression. But it was not the independent influence factor after multivariable logistic regression adjusted by DBIL or TBIL. However, HDL-C was the influence factor of stroke severity through both univariable and multivariable logistic regression.Lower TG or higher HDL-C predicted severer stroke. The effect of TG on stroke severity was mediated by bilirubin, not HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Chapman MJ, Orsoni A, Tan R, Mellett NA, Nguyen A, Robillard P, Giral P, Thérond P, Meikle PJ. LDL subclass lipidomics in atherogenic dyslipidemia: effect of statin therapy on bioactive lipids and dense LDL. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:911-932. [PMID: 32295829 PMCID: PMC7269759 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p119000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherogenic LDL particles are physicochemically and metabolically heterogeneous. Can bioactive lipid cargo differentiate LDL subclasses, and thus potential atherogenicity? What is the effect of statin treatment? Obese hypertriglyceridemic hypercholesterolemic males [n = 12; lipoprotein (a) <10 mg/dl] received pitavastatin calcium (4 mg/day) for 180 days in a single-phase unblinded study. The lipidomic profiles (23 lipid classes) of five LDL subclasses fractionated from baseline and post-statin plasmas were determined by LC-MS. At baseline and on statin treatment, very small dense LDL (LDL5) was preferentially enriched (up to 3-fold) in specific lysophospholipids {LPC, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), lysoalkylphosphatidylcholine [LPC(O)]; 9, 0.2, and 0.14 mol per mole of apoB, respectively; all P < 0.001 vs. LDL1-4}, suggesting elevated inflammatory potential per particle. In contrast, lysophosphatidylethanolamine was uniformly distributed among LDL subclasses. Statin treatment markedly reduced absolute plasma concentrations of all LDL subclasses (up to 33.5%), including LPC, LPI, and LPC(O) contents (up to -52%), consistent with reduction in cardiovascular risk. Despite such reductions, lipotoxic ceramide load per particle in LDL1-5 (1.5-3 mol per mole of apoB; 3-7 mmol per mole of PC) was either conserved or elevated. Bioactive lipids may constitute biomarkers for the cardiometabolic risk associated with specific LDL subclasses in atherogenic dyslipidemia at baseline, and with residual risk on statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M John Chapman
- Endocrinology Metabolism Division, Pitié-Salpetrière University Hospital, Sorbonne University and National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France; Metabolomics Laboratory Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. mailto:
| | - Alexina Orsoni
- Service de Biochimie AP-HP, HU Paris-Saclay, Bicetre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre and EA 7357, Paris-Saclay University, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ricardo Tan
- Metabolomics Laboratory Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie A Mellett
- Metabolomics Laboratory Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Metabolomics Laboratory Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Robillard
- Endocrinology Metabolism Division, Pitié-Salpetrière University Hospital, Sorbonne University and National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Philippe Giral
- INSERM UMR1166 and Cardiovascular Prevention Units, ICAN-Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpetrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Thérond
- Service de Biochimie AP-HP, HU Paris-Saclay, Bicetre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre and EA 7357, Paris-Saclay University, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Talepoor AG, Fouladseresht H, Khosropanah S, Doroudchi M. Immune-Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: A New Twist in an Old Tale. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:525-545. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191016095725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective:Atherosclerosis, a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease, is triggered by the activation of endothelial cells followed by infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells including monocytes and T cells in arterial walls. Major populations of T cells found in human atherosclerotic lesions are antigen-specific activated CD4+ effectors and/or memory T cells from Th1, Th17, Th2 and Treg subsets. In this review, we will discuss the significance of T cell orchestrated immune inflammation in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.Discussion:Pathogen/oxidative stress/lipid induced primary endothelial wound cannot develop to a full-blown atherosclerotic lesion in the absence of chronically induced inflammation. While the primary inflammatory response might be viewed as a lone innate response, the persistence of such a profound response over time must be (and is) associated with diverse local and systemic T cell responses. The interplay between T cells and innate cells contributes to a phenomenon called immuneinflammation and has an impact on the progression and outcome of the lesion. In recent years immuneinflammation, an old term, has had a comeback in connecting the puzzle pieces of chronic inflammatory diseases.Conclusion:Taking one-step back and looking from afar at the players of immune-inflammation may help us provide a broader perspective of these complicated interactions. This may lead to the identification of new drug targets and the development of new therapies as well as preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Ghamar Talepoor
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahdad Khosropanah
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Fernández‐Vega B, García M, Olivares L, Álvarez L, González‐Fernández A, Artime E, Fernández‐Vega Cueto A, Cobo T, Coca‐Prados M, Vega JA, González‐Iglesias H. The association study of lipid metabolism gene polymorphisms with AMD identifies a protective role for APOE-E2 allele in the wet form in a Northern Spanish population. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e282-e291. [PMID: 31654486 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the potential role of eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the most relevant lipid metabolism genes in Northern Spanish patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS A case-control study of 228 unrelated native Northern Spanish patients diagnosed with AMD (73 dry and 155 wet) and 95 healthy controls was performed. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and genotyped for the SNPs APOE rs429358 and rs7412; CTEP rs3764261; LIPC rs10468017 and rs493258; LPL rs12678919; ABCA1 rs1883025; ABCA4 rs76157638, rs3112831 and rs1800555; and SCARB1 rs5888, using TaqMan probes. An additional association study of ε2, ε3 and ε4 major isoforms of APOE gene with AMD has been carried out. RESULTS The allele and genotype frequencies for each of the eleven sequence variants in the lipid metabolism genes did not show significant differences when comparing AMD cases and controls. Statistical analysis revealed that APOE-ε2 carrier genotypes were less frequently observed in patients with wet AMD compared to controls (5.8% versus 13.7%, respectively: p = 3.28 × 10-2 ; OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19-0.95). The frequency of the allele T of rs10468017 (LIPC gene) was lower in dry AMD cases compared to controls (15.8 versus 27.9%, respectively: p = 8.4 × 10-3 OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.33-0.98). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a protective role for APOE-ε2 allele to wet AMD in the Northern Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández‐Vega
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández‐Vega Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular Grupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
| | - Montserrat García
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández‐Vega Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Lorena Olivares
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Lydia Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Adrián González‐Fernández
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Enol Artime
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Andrés Fernández‐Vega Cueto
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández‐Vega Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Teresa Cobo
- Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico‐Quirúrgicas Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
| | - Miguel Coca‐Prados
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
| | - José A. Vega
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular Grupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - Héctor González‐Iglesias
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández‐Vega Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
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Campos-Perez W, Perez-Robles M, Torres-Castillo N, Rodríguez-Reyes SC, De la Cerda Trujillo LF, Navarro-Muñiz E, Lopez-Lizárraga CR, Llamas-Covarrubias IM, Martinez-Lopez E. Physical inactivity and excessive sucrose consumption are associated with higher serum lipids in subjects with Taq1B CETP polymorphism. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 33:299-307. [PMID: 32163222 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemias result from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, including diet disequilibrium and physical inactivity. Among the genetic factors associated with serum lipids, the Taq1B CETP polymorphism has been investigated. The B1 allele has been considered as a risk factor for dyslipidaemia because of its association with greater CETP levels and higher serum triglycerides. The present study aimed to determine the role of the Taq1B polymorphism with lipid and anthropometric variables and its interaction with diet and physical activity. METHODS In total, 215 subjects were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Diet intake was evaluated using a 3-day food consumption record and physical activity was determined in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations. The Taq1B CETP polymorphism was determined by allelic discrimination. RESULTS Subjects with the B1B2/B2B2 genotype, who had a sucrose consumption ≥5% of the total kcal day-1 , had higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) [165.55 (142.21-188.89) mg dL-1 versus 200.19 (184.79-215.60) mg dL-1 ; P for interaction = 0.034] and low-density lipoprotein [99.29 (75.52-123.05) mg dL-1 versus 128.64 (113.59-143.69) mg dL-1 ; P for interaction = 0.037] than subjects with the B1B1 genotype. Subjects who did not perform physical activity and had the B1B2/B2B2 genotype showed significantly higher levels of TC [177.48 (161.36-193.60) mg dL-1 versus 194.49 (185.43-203.56) mg mL-1 ; P for interaction = 0.033] than subjects with the B1B1 genotype. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that subjects with inadequate environmental factors carriers of the polymorphic genotype had higher serum lipid levels than subjects with the B1B1 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Campos-Perez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - M Perez-Robles
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - N Torres-Castillo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - S C Rodríguez-Reyes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - E Navarro-Muñiz
- Division of Surgery, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - C R Lopez-Lizárraga
- Division of Surgery, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - I M Llamas-Covarrubias
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - E Martinez-Lopez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic consumption of fructose and fructose-containing sugars leads to dyslipidemia. Apolipoprotein (apo) CIII is strongly associated with elevated levels of triglycerides and cardiovascular disease risk. We reviewed the effects of fructose consumption on apoCIII levels and the role of apoCIII in fructose-induced dyslipidemia. RECENT FINDINGS Consumption of fructose increases circulating apoCIII levels compared with glucose. The more marked effects of fructose compared with glucose on apoCIII concentrations may involve the failure of fructose consumption to stimulate insulin secretion. The increase in apoCIII levels after fructose consumption correlates with increased postprandial serum triglyceride. Further, RNA interference of apoCIII prevents fructose-induced dyslipidemia in nonhuman primates. Increases in postprandial apoCIII after fructose, but not glucose consumption, are positively associated with elevated triglycerides in large triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and increased small dense LDL levels. SUMMARY ApoCIII might be causal in the lipid dysregulation observed after consumption of fructose and fructose-containing sugars. Decreased consumption of fructose and fructose-containing sugars could be an effective strategy for reducing circulating apoCIII and subsequently lowering triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hieronimus
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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46
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Feng M, Darabi M, Tubeuf E, Canicio A, Lhomme M, Frisdal E, Lanfranchi-Lebreton S, Matheron L, Rached F, Ponnaiah M, Serrano CV, Santos RD, Brites F, Bolbach G, Gautier E, Huby T, Carrie A, Bruckert E, Guerin M, Couvert P, Giral P, Lesnik P, Le Goff W, Guillas I, Kontush A. Free cholesterol transfer to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) upon triglyceride lipolysis underlies the U-shape relationship between HDL-cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 27:1606-1616. [PMID: 31840535 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319894114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) represent a well-established cardiovascular risk factor. Paradoxically, extremely high HDL-C levels are equally associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, resulting in the U-shape relationship of HDL-C with cardiovascular disease. Mechanisms underlying this association are presently unknown. We hypothesised that the capacity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to acquire free cholesterol upon triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TGRL) lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase underlies the non-linear relationship between HDL-C and cardiovascular risk. METHODS To assess our hypothesis, we developed a novel assay to evaluate the capacity of HDL to acquire free cholesterol (as fluorescent TopFluor® cholesterol) from TGRL upon in vitro lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase. RESULTS When the assay was applied to several populations markedly differing in plasma HDL-C levels, transfer of free cholesterol was significantly decreased in low HDL-C patients with acute myocardial infarction (-45%) and type 2 diabetes (-25%), and in subjects with extremely high HDL-C of >2.59 mmol/L (>100 mg/dL) (-20%) versus healthy normolipidaemic controls. When these data were combined and plotted against HDL-C concentrations, an inverse U-shape relationship was observed. Consistent with these findings, animal studies revealed that the capacity of HDL to acquire cholesterol upon lipolysis was reduced in low HDL-C apolipoprotein A-I knock-out mice and was negatively correlated with aortic accumulation of [3H]-cholesterol after oral gavage, attesting this functional characteristic as a negative metric of postprandial atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Free cholesterol transfer to HDL upon TGRL lipolysis may underlie the U-shape relationship between HDL-C and cardiovascular disease, linking HDL-C to triglyceride metabolism and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Feng
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Maryam Darabi
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Emilie Tubeuf
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Canicio
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Marie Lhomme
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Eric Frisdal
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Fabiana Rached
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Heart Institute-InCor, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raul D Santos
- Heart Institute-InCor, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Brites
- Heart Institute-InCor, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Argentina
| | | | - Emmanuel Gautier
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Huby
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Alain Carrie
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Eric Bruckert
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Maryse Guerin
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Couvert
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Giral
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Guillas
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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Abstract
The cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor dalcetrapib has been under evaluation for its potential to prevent cardiovascular (CV) events for almost two decades. The current clinical development program, representing new advances in precision medicine and focused on a genetically defined population with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), is supported by a large body of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data as well as substantial clinical experience in over 13,000 patients and volunteers. Dalcetrapib treatment of 600 mg/day produces significant inhibition of CETP activity, and has been utilized in phase II and III studies, including CV endpoint trials. Numerous studies have investigated the interactions between dalcetrapib and most drugs commonly prescribed to CV patients and have not demonstrated any clinically significant effects. Evaluations in patients with renal and hepatic impairment demonstrate a greater exposure to dalcetrapib than in the non-impaired population, but long-term clinical studies including patients with mild to moderate hepatic and renal dysfunction demonstrate no increase in adverse events. Safety pharmacology and toxicology studies as well as the clinical safety experience support the continuing development of dalcetrapib as an adjunct to ‘standard of care’ for the ACS population. This article provides a full review of the pharmacokinetics, as well as pharmacodynamics and pharmacology, of dalcetrapib in the context of a large clinical program.
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48
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Palasubramaniam J, Wang X, Peter K. Myocardial Infarction-From Atherosclerosis to Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:e176-e185. [PMID: 31339782 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jathushan Palasubramaniam
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.P., X.W., K.P.).,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.P., X.W., K.P.).,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (J.P., K.P.)
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.P., X.W., K.P.).,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.P., X.W., K.P.)
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.P., X.W., K.P.).,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.P., X.W., K.P.).,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (J.P., K.P.)
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49
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Blauw LL, Li-Gao R, Noordam R, de Mutsert R, Trompet S, Berbée JFP, Wang Y, van Klinken JB, Christen T, van Heemst D, Mook-Kanamori DO, Rosendaal FR, Jukema JW, Rensen PCN, Willems van Dijk K. CETP (Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein) Concentration: A Genome-Wide Association Study Followed by Mendelian Randomization on Coronary Artery Disease. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 11:e002034. [PMID: 29728394 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.002034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify independent genetic determinants of circulating CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) to assess causal effects of variation in CETP concentration on circulating lipid concentrations and cardiovascular disease risk. METHODS A genome-wide association discovery and replication study on serum CETP concentration were embedded in the NEO study (Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity). Based on the independent identified variants, Mendelian randomization was conducted on serum lipids (NEO study) and coronary artery disease (CAD; CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium). RESULTS In the discovery analysis (n=4248), we identified 3 independent variants (P<5×10-8) that determine CETP concentration. These single-nucleotide polymorphisms were mapped to CETP and replicated in a separate subpopulation (n=1458). Per-allele increase (SE) in serum CETP was 0.32 (0.02) µg/mL for rs247616-C, 0.35 (0.02) µg/mL for rs12720922-A, and 0.12 (0.02) µg/mL for rs1968905-G. Combined, these 3 variants explained 16.4% of the total variation in CETP concentration. One microgram per milliliter increase in genetically determined CETP concentration strongly decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.23 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, -0.26 to -0.20), moderately increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.08 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, 0.00-0.16), and was associated with an odds ratio of 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.23) for CAD risk. CONCLUSIONS This is the first genome-wide association study identifying independent variants that largely determine CETP concentration. Although high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is not a causal risk factor for CAD, it has been unequivocally demonstrated that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering is proportionally associated with a lower CAD risk. Therefore, the results of our study are fully consistent with the notion that CETP concentration is causally associated with CAD through low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne L Blauw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.) .,Department of Clinical Epidemiology (L.L.B., R.L.-G., R.d.M., T.C., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.).,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., J.B.v.K., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (L.L.B., R.L.-G., R.d.M., T.C., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics (R.N., S.T., D.v.H.)
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (L.L.B., R.L.-G., R.d.M., T.C., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics (R.N., S.T., D.v.H.).,Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.)
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.).,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., J.B.v.K., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.).,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., J.B.v.K., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Jan B van Klinken
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., J.B.v.K., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.).,Department of Human Genetics (J.B.v.K., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Tim Christen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (L.L.B., R.L.-G., R.d.M., T.C., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics (R.N., S.T., D.v.H.)
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (L.L.B., R.L.-G., R.d.M., T.C., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.).,and Department of Public Health and Primary Care (D.O.M.-K.) Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (L.L.B., R.L.-G., R.d.M., T.C., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | | | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.).,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., J.B.v.K., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.).,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (L.L.B., J.F.P.B., Y.W., J.B.v.K., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.).,Department of Human Genetics (J.B.v.K., K.W.v.D.)
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50
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Macpherson ME, Halvorsen B, Yndestad A, Ueland T, Mollnes TE, Berge RK, Rashidi A, Otterdal K, Gregersen I, Kong XY, Holven KB, Aukrust P, Fevang B, Jørgensen SF. Impaired HDL Function Amplifies Systemic Inflammation in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9427. [PMID: 31263122 PMCID: PMC6603020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency, characterized by inadequate antibody responses and recurrent bacterial infections. Paradoxically, a majority of CVID patients have non-infectious inflammatory and autoimmune complications, associated with systemic immune activation. Our aim was to explore if HDL, known to have anti-inflammatory properties, had impaired function in CVID patients and thereby contributed to their inflammatory phenotype. We found reduced HDL cholesterol levels in plasma of CVID patients compared to healthy controls, particularly in patients with inflammatory and autoimmune complications, correlating negatively with inflammatory markers CRP and sCD25. Reverse cholesterol transport capacity testing showed reduced serum acceptance capacity for cholesterol in CVID patients with inflammatory and autoimmune complications. They also had reduced cholesterol efflux capacity from macrophages to serum and decreased expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1. Human HDL suppressed TLR2-induced TNF release less in blood mononuclear cells from CVID patients, associated with decreased expression of transcriptional factor ATF3. Our data suggest a link between impaired HDL function and systemic inflammation in CVID patients, particularly in those with autoimmune and inflammatory complications. This identifies HDL as a novel therapeutic target in CVID as well as other more common conditions characterized by sterile inflammation or autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnhild E Macpherson
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences and K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences and K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Azita Rashidi
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Otterdal
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Gregersen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiang Y Kong
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences and K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje F Jørgensen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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