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Campanale A, Inserra A, Comai S. Therapeutic modulation of the kynurenine pathway in severe mental illness and comorbidities: A potential role for serotonergic psychedelics. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111058. [PMID: 38885875 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence points towards a crucial role of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in the altered gut-brain axis (GBA) balance in severe mental illness (SMI, namely depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia) and cardiometabolic comorbidities. Preliminary evidence shows that serotonergic psychedelics and their analogues may hold therapeutic potential in addressing the altered KP in the dysregulated GBA in SMI and comorbidities. In fact, aside from their effects on mood, psychedelics elicit therapeutic improvement in preclinical models of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and vascular inflammation, which are highly comorbid with SMI. Here, we review the literature on the therapeutic modulation of the KP in the dysregulated GBA in SMI and comorbidities, and the potential application of psychedelics to address the altered KP in the brain and systemic dysfunction underlying SMI and comorbidities. Psychedelics might therapeutically modulate the KP in the altered GBA in SMI and comorbidities either directly, via altering the metabolic pathway by influencing the rate-limiting enzymes of the KP and affecting the levels of available tryptophan, or indirectly, by affecting the gut microbiome, gut metabolome, metabolism, and the immune system. Despite promising preliminary evidence, the mechanisms and outcomes of the KP modulation with psychedelics in SMI and systemic comorbidities remain largely unknown and require further investigation. Several concerns are discussed surrounding the potential side effects of this approach in specific cohorts of individuals with SMI and systemic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Inserra
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stefano Comai
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, PD, Italy.; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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2
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Yang Y, Liu X, Liu X, Xie C, Shi J. The role of the kynurenine pathway in cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1406856. [PMID: 38883986 PMCID: PMC11176437 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1406856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) serves as the primary route for tryptophan metabolism in most mammalian organisms, with its downstream metabolites actively involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) serve as the initial and pivotal enzymes of the KP, with IDO playing important and intricate roles in cardiovascular diseases. Multiple metabolites of KP have been observed to exhibit elevated concentrations in plasma across various cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and acute myocardial infarction. Multiple studies have indicated that kynurenine (KYN) may serve as a potential biomarker for several adverse cardiovascular events. Furthermore, Kynurenine and its downstream metabolites have complex roles in inflammation, exhibiting both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on inflammatory responses under different conditions. In atherosclerosis, upregulation of IDO stimulates KYN production, mediating aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-induced exacerbation of vascular inflammation and promotion of foam cell formation. Conversely, in arterial calcification, this mediation alleviates osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Additionally, in cardiac remodeling, KYN-mediated AhR activation exacerbates pathological left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. Interventions targeting components of the KP, such as IDO inhibitors, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and anthranilic acid, demonstrate cardiovascular protective effects. This review outlines the mechanistic roles of KP in coronary atherosclerosis, arterial calcification, and myocardial diseases, highlighting the potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of KP in cardiovascular diseases, thus providing novel insights for the development and application of related drugs in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chiyang Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Hull BT, Miller KM, Corban C, Backer G, Sheehan S, Korstanje R, Sutphin GL. 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid Delays Paralysis in Caenorhabditis elegans Models of Amyloid-Beta and Polyglutamine Proteotoxicity. Biomolecules 2024; 14:599. [PMID: 38786006 PMCID: PMC11117628 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Age is the primary risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and a leading cause of death in the elderly population of the United States. No effective treatments for these diseases currently exist. Identifying effective treatments for Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and other neurodegenerative diseases is a major current focus of national scientific resources, and there is a critical need for novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we investigate the potential for targeting the kynurenine pathway metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA) using Caenorhabditis elegans expressing amyloid-beta or a polyglutamine peptide in body wall muscle, modeling the proteotoxicity in Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease, respectively. We show that knocking down the enzyme that degrades 3HAA, 3HAA dioxygenase (HAAO), delays the age-associated paralysis in both models. This effect on paralysis was independent of the protein aggregation in the polyglutamine model. We also show that the mechanism of protection against proteotoxicity from HAAO knockdown is mimicked by 3HAA supplementation, supporting elevated 3HAA as the mediating event linking HAAO knockdown to delayed paralysis. This work demonstrates the potential for 3HAA as a targeted therapeutic in neurodegenerative disease, though the mechanism is yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford T. Hull
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kayla M. Miller
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | - Grant Backer
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | | | - George L. Sutphin
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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4
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Anand SK, Governale TA, Zhang X, Razani B, Yurdagul A, Pattillo CB, Rom O. Amino Acid Metabolism and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:510-524. [PMID: 38171450 PMCID: PMC10988767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in medical treatments and drug development, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Dysregulated lipid metabolism is a well-established driver of ASCVD. Unfortunately, even with potent lipid-lowering therapies, ASCVD-related deaths have continued to increase over the past decade, highlighting an incomplete understanding of the underlying risk factors and mechanisms of ASCVD. Accumulating evidence over the past decades indicates a correlation between amino acids and disease state. This review explores the emerging role of amino acid metabolism in ASCVD, uncovering novel potential biomarkers, causative factors, and therapeutic targets. Specifically, the significance of arginine and its related metabolites, homoarginine and polyamines, branched-chain amino acids, glycine, and aromatic amino acids, in ASCVD are discussed. These amino acids and their metabolites have been implicated in various processes characteristic of ASCVD, including impaired lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, increased inflammatory response, and necrotic core development. Understanding the complex interplay between dysregulated amino acid metabolism and ASCVD provides new insights that may lead to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Although further research is needed to uncover the precise mechanisms involved, it is evident that amino acid metabolism plays a role in ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Anand
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Theresea-Anne Governale
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Division of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Babak Razani
- Division of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Christopher B Pattillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.
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5
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Stroope C, Nettersheim FS, Coon B, Finney AC, Schwartz MA, Ley K, Rom O, Yurdagul A. Dysregulated cellular metabolism in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Metab 2024; 6:617-638. [PMID: 38532071 PMCID: PMC11055680 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence over the past decades has revealed an intricate relationship between dysregulation of cellular metabolism and the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, an integrated understanding of dysregulated cellular metabolism in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its potential value as a therapeutic target is missing. In this Review, we (1) summarize recent advances concerning the role of metabolic dysregulation during atherosclerosis progression in lesional cells, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and T cells; (2) explore the complexity of metabolic cross-talk between these lesional cells; (3) highlight emerging technologies that promise to illuminate unknown aspects of metabolism in atherosclerosis; and (4) suggest strategies for targeting these underexplored metabolic alterations to mitigate atherosclerosis progression and stabilize rupture-prone atheromas with a potential new generation of cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Stroope
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Felix Sebastian Nettersheim
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Brian Coon
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, OMRF, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Alexandra C Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia (IMMCG), Augusta University Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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6
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Gabrawy MM, Westbrook R, King A, Khosravian N, Ochaney N, DeCarvalho T, Wang Q, Yu Y, Huang Q, Said A, Abadir M, Zhang C, Khare P, Fairman JE, Le A, Milne GL, Vonhoff FJ, Walston JD, Abadir PM. Dual treatment with kynurenine pathway inhibitors and NAD + precursors synergistically extends life span in Drosophila. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14102. [PMID: 38481042 PMCID: PMC11019140 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan catabolism is highly conserved and generates important bioactive metabolites, including kynurenines, and in some animals, NAD+. Aging and inflammation are associated with increased levels of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites and depleted NAD+, factors which are implicated as contributors to frailty and morbidity. Contrastingly, KP suppression and NAD+ supplementation are associated with increased life span in some animals. Here, we used DGRP_229 Drosophila to elucidate the effects of KP elevation, KP suppression, and NAD+ supplementation on physical performance and survivorship. Flies were chronically fed kynurenines, KP inhibitors, NAD+ precursors, or a combination of KP inhibitors with NAD+ precursors. Flies with elevated kynurenines had reduced climbing speed, endurance, and life span. Treatment with a combination of KP inhibitors and NAD+ precursors preserved physical function and synergistically increased maximum life span. We conclude that KP flux can regulate health span and life span in Drosophila and that targeting KP and NAD+ metabolism can synergistically increase life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann M. Gabrawy
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Reyhan Westbrook
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Austin King
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nick Khosravian
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Neeraj Ochaney
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Tagide DeCarvalho
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yuqiong Yu
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Qiao Huang
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Adam Said
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Michael Abadir
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- University of Maryland, College ParkCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | | | | | - Jennifer E. Fairman
- Department of Arts as Applied to MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Anne Le
- Gigantest Inc.BaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ginger L. Milne
- Vanderbilt UniversityVanderbilt Brain Institute, Neurochemistry CoreNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Fernando J. Vonhoff
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jeremy D. Walston
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Peter M. Abadir
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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7
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Dang H, Castro-Portuguez R, Espejo L, Backer G, Freitas S, Spence E, Meyers J, Shuck K, Gardea EA, Chang LM, Balsa J, Thorns N, Corban C, Liu T, Bean S, Sheehan S, Korstanje R, Sutphin GL. On the benefits of the tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse aging. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8338. [PMID: 38097593 PMCID: PMC10721613 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway influences molecular processes critical to healthy aging including immune signaling, redox homeostasis, and energy production. Aberrant kynurenine metabolism occurs during normal aging and is implicated in many age-associated pathologies including chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, and cancer. We and others previously identified three kynurenine pathway genes-tdo-2, kynu-1, and acsd-1-for which decreasing expression extends lifespan in invertebrates. Here we report that knockdown of haao-1, a fourth gene encoding the enzyme 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA) dioxygenase (HAAO), extends lifespan by ~30% and delays age-associated health decline in Caenorhabditis elegans. Lifespan extension is mediated by increased physiological levels of the HAAO substrate 3HAA. 3HAA increases oxidative stress resistance and activates the Nrf2/SKN-1 oxidative stress response. In pilot studies, female Haao knockout mice or aging wild type male mice fed 3HAA supplemented diet were also long-lived. HAAO and 3HAA represent potential therapeutic targets for aging and age-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Dang
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Luis Espejo
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Samuel Freitas
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Erica Spence
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jeremy Meyers
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Karissa Shuck
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Emily A Gardea
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Leah M Chang
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jonah Balsa
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Niall Thorns
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Teresa Liu
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | | | | | | | - George L Sutphin
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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8
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Yang J, Cai R, Xun J, Zhang R, Liu L, Shen Y, Qi T, Wang Z, Song W, Tang Y, Sun J, Xu S, Zhao B, Lu H, Chen J. Elevated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity is associated with endothelial dysfunction in people living with HIV and ROS production in human aortic endothelial cells in vitro. Drug Discov Ther 2023; 17:312-319. [PMID: 37880104 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2023.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The precise role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among people living with HIV (PLWH) is still under debate, despite recognized links. This study aimed to investigate the impact of elevated IDO activity on endothelial dysfunction in PLWH. A total of 38 PLWH, who had not previously received anti-retroviral therapy (ART), were enrolled in the study. These participants were monitored for 36 months following the initiation of ART. Measurements including plasma levels of IDO activity, markers of endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory factors, and lipids. In vitro, human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were exposed to interferon-γ, an IDO inhibitor, a kynurenine 3-hydroxylase (KMO) inhibitor, as well as different concentrations of kynurenine. Pre-ART, PLWH demonstrated notably elevated plasma concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(sVCAM-1), and IDO activity in comparison to healthy controls. Post-ART, both IDO activity and sICAM-1 levels experienced a significant decrease, with IDO activity reaching levels comparable to those observed in healthy controls. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between IDO activity and sICAM-1 (p = 0.0002), as well as sVCAM-1 (p < 0.0001) before ART. In vitro, the augmentation of kynurenine concentration in the medium and the induction of IDO expression in HAEC resulted in increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with minimal impact on endothelial dysfunction. From these findings, it can be concluded that long-term ART has the potential to restore the heightened IDO activity observed in PLWH. The overexpression of IDO primarily influences the expression of ROS in HAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Yang
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rentian Cai
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingna Xun
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renfang Zhang
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tangkai Qi
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuibao Xu
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bihe Zhao
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Nursing Research Institution, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Griepke S, Trauelsen M, Nilsson MD, Hansen J, Steffensen LB, Schwartz TW, Ketelhuth DFJ. G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 91-Dependent Signalling Does Not Influence Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Hyperlipidaemic Mice. Cells 2023; 12:2580. [PMID: 37947659 PMCID: PMC10647868 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The TCA cycle intermediate metabolite 'succinate' has been proposed as an inflammatory mediator, influencing autoimmunity and allergic reactions, through ligation to its sensing receptor SUCNR1/GPR91. Whether GPR91-mediated signalling influences the chronic inflammatory process of atherosclerosis has never been investigated. The examination of publicly available datasets revealed that the SUCNR1 gene is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques, especially in vascular smooth muscle cells. Using GPR91 knockout (Gpr91-/-) and wildtype (WT) littermates, made hyperlipidaemic with the overexpression of the gain-of-function mutated Pcsk9 and Western diet feeding, we showed that the full ablation of GPR91 did not accelerate atherosclerosis-lesions in the aortic arch 2.18 ± 0.48% vs. 1.64 ± 0.31%, and in the aortic roots 10.06 ± 0.91% vs. 10.67 ± 1.53% for Gpr91-/- and WT mice, respectively. In line with this, no differences between groups were observed for macrophage and T-cell infiltration in the plaque, as well as the polarization towards M1- or M2-like macrophages in the aorta, spleen and liver of Gpr91-/- and WT control mice. In conclusion, our study indicates that the global ablation of GPR91 signalling does not influence vascular inflammation or atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Griepke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (S.G.); (M.D.N.); (J.H.); (L.B.S.)
| | - Mette Trauelsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.T.); (T.W.S.)
| | - Michelle D. Nilsson
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (S.G.); (M.D.N.); (J.H.); (L.B.S.)
| | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (S.G.); (M.D.N.); (J.H.); (L.B.S.)
| | - Lasse B. Steffensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (S.G.); (M.D.N.); (J.H.); (L.B.S.)
| | - Thue W. Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.T.); (T.W.S.)
| | - Daniel F. J. Ketelhuth
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (S.G.); (M.D.N.); (J.H.); (L.B.S.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Bioclinicum, Solna, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Ma Z, Sun W, Wang L, Wang Y, Pan B, Su X, Li H, Zhang H, Lv S, Wang H. Integrated 16S rRNA sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics analysis to reveal the mechanisms of Yu-Ye Tang on type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1159707. [PMID: 37732114 PMCID: PMC10507721 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1159707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Yu-Ye Tang (YYT) is a classical formula widely used in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the specific mechanism of YYT in treating T2DM is not clear. Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of YYT on T2DM by establishing a rat model of T2DM. The mechanism of action of YYT was also explored through investigating gut microbiota and serum metabolites. Results The results indicated YYT had significant therapeutic effects on T2DM. Moreover, YYT could increase the abundance of Lactobacillus, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, UCG-005, Bacteroides and Blautia while decrease the abundance of and Allobaculum and Desulfovibrio in gut microbiota of T2DM rats. Nontargeted metabolomics analysis showed YYT treatment could regulate arachidonic acid metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, phenylalanine metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism in T2DM rats. Discussion In conclusion, our research showed that YYT has a wide range of therapeutic effects on T2DM rats, including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, YYT corrected the altered gut microbiota and serum metabolites in T2DM rats. This study suggests that YYT may have a therapeutic impact on T2DM by regulating gut microbiota and modulating tryptophan and glycerophospholipid metabolism, which are potential key pathways in treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Ma
- Graduate School of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yuansong Wang
- Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Baochao Pan
- Graduate School of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiuhai Su
- Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Hanzhou Li
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Graduate School of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuquan Lv
- Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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11
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Liao J, Cao Y, Zhao J, Yu B, Wang Y, Li W, Li H, Lv S, Wen W, Cui H, Chen Y. Aqueous extract of Polygala japonica Houtt. ameliorated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice through restoring the gut microbiota disorders and affecting the metabolites in feces and liver. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154937. [PMID: 37393831 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygala japonica Houtt. (PJ) has been demonstrated with several biological potentials such as lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects and mechanisms of PJ on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain unclear. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PJ on NASH and illustrate the mechanism based on modulating gut microbiota and host metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS NASH mouse model was induced using methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet and orally treated with PJ. The therapeutic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects of PJ on mice with NASH were firstly assessed. Then, the gut microbiota of mice was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the changes. Finally, the effects of PJ on the metabolites in liver and feces were explored by untargeted metabolomics. RESULTS The results indicated that PJ could improve hepatic steatosis, liver injury, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in NASH mice. PJ treatment also affected the diversity of gut microbiota and changed the relative abundances of Faecalibaculum. Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae, Dubosiella, Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Turicibacter in NASH mice. In addition, PJ treatment modulated 59 metabolites both in liver and feces. Metabolites involved in histidine, and tryptophan metabolism pathways were identified as the key metabolites according to the correlation analysis between differential gut microbiota and metabolites. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the therapeutic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative potentials of PJ on NASH. The mechanisms of PJ treatment were related to the improvement of gut microbiota dysbiosis and the regulation of histidine and tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Liao
- Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongjun Cao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China
| | - Bolun Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China
| | - Hanzhou Li
- Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Shuquan Lv
- Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Weibo Wen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China; Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China.
| | - Huantian Cui
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Shandong, China.
| | - Yao Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China.
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12
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Chen Y, Yang X, Zhang L, Wu Q, Li S, Gou J, He J, Zhang K, Li S, Niu X. Tryptophan-centered metabolic alterations coincides with lipid-mediated fungal response to cold stress. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13066. [PMID: 36747564 PMCID: PMC9898655 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan and its derived metabolites have been assumed to play important roles in the development and survival of organisms. However, the links of tryptophan and its derived metabolites to temperature change remained largely cryptic. Here we presented that a class of prenyl indole alkaloids biosynthesized from tryptophan dramatically accumulated in thermophilic fungus Thermomyces dupontii under cold stress, in which lipid droplets were also highly accumulated and whose conidiophores were highly build-up. Concurrently, disruption of the key NRPS gene involved in the biosynthesis of prenyl indole alkaloids, resulted in decreased lipid and shrunken mitochondria but enlarged vacuoles. Moreover, the Fe3+ and superoxide levels in ΔNRPS were significantly increased but the reactive oxygen species lipid peroxidation and autophagy levels decreased. Metabolomics study revealed that most enriched metabolites in ΔNRPS were mainly composed of tryptophan degraded metabolites including well known ROS scavenger kynurenamines, and lipid-inhibitors, anthranilic acid and indoleacetic acid, and free radical reaction suppressor free fatty acids. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that the key gene involved in tryptophan metabolism, coinciding with the lipid metabolic processes and ion transports were most up-regulated in ΔNRPS under stress. Our results confirmed a lipid-mediated fungal response to cold stress and unveiled a link of tryptophan-based metabolic reprogramming to the fungal cold adaption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Qunfu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jianghui Gou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jiangbo He
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Keqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shenghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xuemei Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
- Corresponding author.
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Theiler-Schwetz V, Trummer C, Grübler MR, Keppel MH, Zittermann A, Tomaschitz A, März W, Meinitzer A, Pilz S. Associations of Parameters of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Hypertensive Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020256. [PMID: 36678127 PMCID: PMC9862689 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests an association of the tryptophan−kynurenine (TRP-KYN) pathway with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors. In this cross-sectional analysis we investigated whether TRP-KYN pathway parameters are associated with 24 h blood pressure (BP) and other risk factors in patients with arterial hypertension from a tertiary care centre. In 490 participants, we found no significant and independent association of 24 h systolic and diastolic BP with parameters of the TRP-KYN pathway. However, linear regression analyses of HDL as dependent and TRP, KYN and quinolinic acid (QUIN) as explanatory variables adjusted for BMI and sex showed significant associations. These were found for KYN, BMI and sex (unstandardised beta coefficient −0.182, standard error 0.052, p < 0.001; −0.313 (0.078), p < 0.001; −0.180 (0.024), p < 0.001, respectively) as well as for QUIN, BMI and sex (−0.157 (0.038), p < 0.001; −0.321 (0.079), p < 0.001; −0.193 (0.024), p < 0.001, respectively). Smokers had significantly lower levels of KYN (2.36 µmol/L, IQR 2.01−2.98, versus 2.71 µmol/L, IQR 2.31−3.27, p < 0.001), QUIN (384 nmol/L, IQR 303−448, versus 451 nmol/L, IQR 369−575, p < 0.001) and KYN/TRP ratio (38.2, IQR 33.7−43.2, versus 43.1, IQR 37.5−50.9, p < 0.001) compared to non-smokers. We demonstrated that TRP/KYN pathway metabolites are associated with some cardiovascular risk factors, warranting further studies to elucidate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the TRP-KYN pathway for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Theiler-Schwetz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Christian Trummer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin R. Grübler
- Regional Hospital Wiener Neustadt, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin H. Keppel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Armin Zittermann
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW), Ruhr University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | | | - Winfried März
- SYNLAB Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Lipidology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Liao XX, Wu XY, Zhou YL, Li JJ, Wen YL, Zhou JJ. Gut microbiome metabolites as key actors in atherosclerosis co-depression disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:988643. [PMID: 36439791 PMCID: PMC9686300 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.988643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, mainly characterized by atherosclerosis (AS), and depression have a high comorbidity rate. However, previous studies have been conducted under a single disease, and there is a lack of studies in comorbid states to explore the commonalities in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Modern high-throughput technologies have made it clear that the gut microbiome can affect the development of the host's own disorders and have shown that their metabolites are crucial to the pathophysiology of AS and depression. The aim of this review is to summarize the current important findings on the role of gut microbiome metabolites such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, bile acids, tryptophan metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, and trimethylamine N -oxide in depression and AS disease, with the aim of identifying potential biological targets for the early diagnosis and treatment of AS co-depression disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Liao
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yu-Long Zhou
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - You-Liang Wen
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhou
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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15
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Izuegbuna OO. Polyphenols: Chemoprevention and therapeutic potentials in hematological malignancies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1008893. [PMID: 36386899 PMCID: PMC9643866 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1008893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are one of the largest plant-derived natural product and they play an important role in plants' defense as well as in human health and disease. A number of them are pleiotropic molecules and have been shown to regulate signaling pathways, immune response and cell growth and proliferation which all play a role in cancer development. Hematological malignancies on the other hand, are cancers of the blood. While current therapies are efficacious, they are usually expensive and with unwanted side effects. Thus, the search for newer less toxic agents. Polyphenols have been reported to possess antineoplastic properties which include cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis via multiple mechanisms. They also have immunomodulatory activities where they enhance T cell activation and suppress regulatory T cells. They carry out these actions through such pathways as PI3K/Akt/mTOR and the kynurenine. They can also reverse cancer resistance to chemotherapy agents. In this review, i look at some of the molecular mechanism of action of polyphenols and their potential roles as therapeutic agents in hematological malignancies. Here i discuss their anti-proliferative and anti-neoplastic activities especially their abilities modulate signaling pathways as well as immune response in hematological malignancies. I also looked at clinical studies done mainly in the last 10-15 years on various polyphenol combination and how they enhance synergism. I recommend that further preclinical and clinical studies be carried out to ensure safety and efficacy before polyphenol therapies be officially moved to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogochukwu O. Izuegbuna
- Department of Haematology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
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16
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Jiang M, Ding H, Huang Y, Wang L. Shear Stress and Metabolic Disorders-Two Sides of the Same Plaque. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:820-841. [PMID: 34148374 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Shear stress and metabolic disorder are the two sides of the same atherosclerotic coin. Atherosclerotic lesions are prone to develop at branches and curvatures of arteries, which are exposed to oscillatory and low shear stress exerted by blood flow. Meanwhile, metabolic disorders are pivotal contributors to the formation and advancement of atherosclerotic plaques. Recent Advances: Accumulated evidence has provided insight into the impact and mechanisms of biomechanical forces and metabolic disorder on atherogenesis, in association with mechanotransduction, epigenetic regulation, and so on. Moreover, recent studies have shed light on the cross talk between the two drivers of atherosclerosis. Critical Issues: There are extensive cross talk and interactions between shear stress and metabolic disorder during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The communications may amplify the proatherogenic effects through increasing oxidative stress and inflammation. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms underlying such interactions remain to be fully elucidated as the cross talk network is considerably complex. Future Directions: A better understanding of the cross talk network may confer benefits for a more comprehensive clinical management of atherosclerosis. Critical mediators of the cross talk may serve as promising therapeutic targets for atherosclerotic vascular diseases, as they can inhibit effects from both sides of the plaque. Hence, further in-depth investigations with advanced omics approaches are required to develop novel and effective therapeutic strategies against atherosclerosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 820-841.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchun Jiang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huanyu Ding
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Wang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Braczko A, Kutryb-Zajac B, Jedrzejewska A, Krol O, Mierzejewska P, Zabielska-Kaczorowska M, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Cardiac Mitochondria Dysfunction in Dyslipidemic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911488. [PMID: 36232794 PMCID: PMC9570391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia triggers many severe pathologies, including atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation. Several lines of evidence, including our studies, have suggested direct effects of dyslipidemia on cardiac energy metabolism, but details of these effects are not clear. This study aimed to investigate how mild dyslipidemia affects cardiac mitochondria function and vascular nucleotide metabolism. The analyses were performed in 3- and 6-month-old knock-out mice for low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr−/−) and compared to wild-type C57Bl/6J mice (WT). Cardiac isolated mitochondria function was analyzed using Seahorse metabolic flux analyzer. The mechanical function of the heart was measured using echocardiography. The levels of fusion, fission, and mitochondrial biogenesis proteins were determined by ELISA kits, while the cardiac intracellular nucleotide concentration and vascular pattern of nucleotide metabolism ecto-enzymes were analyzed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. We revealed the downregulation of mitochondrial complex I, together with a decreased activity of citrate synthase (CS), reduced levels of nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial fission 1 protein, as well as lower intracellular adenosine and guanosine triphosphates’ pool in the hearts of 6-month Ldlr−/− mice vs. age-matched WT. The analysis of vascular ecto-enzyme pattern revealed decreased rate of extracellular adenosine monophosphate hydrolysis and increased ecto-adenosine deaminase activity (eADA) in 6-month Ldlr−/− vs. WT mice. No changes were observed in echocardiography parameters in both age groups of Ldlr−/− mice. Younger hyperlipidemic mice revealed no differences in cardiac mitochondria function, CS activity, intracellular nucleotides, mitochondrial biogenesis, and dynamics but exhibited minor changes in vascular eADA activity vs. WT. This study revealed that dysfunction of cardiac mitochondria develops during prolonged mild hyperlipidemia at the time point corresponding to the formation of early vascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z.); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-14-14 (B.K.-Z.); +48-58-349-14-60 (R.T.S.)
| | - Agata Jedrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Oliwia Krol
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zabielska-Kaczorowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z.); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-14-14 (B.K.-Z.); +48-58-349-14-60 (R.T.S.)
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Zeng J, Peng J, Jiang H, Deng P, Li K, Long D, Wang K. Establishment of an early diagnosis model of colon cancerous bowel obstruction based on 1H NMR. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266730. [PMID: 35972924 PMCID: PMC9380946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To prospectively establish an early diagnosis model of acute colon cancerous bowel obstruction by applying nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy(1H NMR) technology based metabolomics methods, combined with machine learning. Methods In this study, serum samples of 71 patients with acute bowel obstruction requiring emergency surgery who were admitted to the Emergency Department of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital from December 2018 to November 2020 were collected within 2 hours after admission, and NMR spectroscopy data was taken after pretreatment. After postoperative pathological confirmation, they were divided into colon cancerous bowel obstruction (CBO) group and adhesive bowel obstruction (ABO) control group. Used MestReNova software to extract the two sets of spectra bins, and used the MetaboAnalyst5.0 website to perform partial least square discrimination (PLS-DA), combining the human metabolome database (HMDB) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to find possible different Metabolites and related metabolic pathways. Results 22 patients were classified as CBO group and 30 were classified as ABO control group. Compared with ABO group, the level of Xanthurenic acid, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, Gentisic acid, Salicyluric acid, Ferulic acid, Kynurenic acid, CDP, Mandelic acid, NADPH, FAD, Phenylpyruvate, Allyl isothiocyanate, and Vanillylmandelic acid increased in the CBO group; while the lecel of L-Tryptophan and Bilirubin decreased. There were significant differences between two groups in the tryptophan metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism and synthesis pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan (all P<0.05). Tryptophan metabolism pathway had the greatest impact (Impact = 0.19). The early diagnosis model of colon cancerous bowel was established based on the levels of six metabolites: Xanthurenic acid, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, Gentisic acid, Salicylic acid, Ferulic acid and Kynurenic acid (R2 = 0.995, Q2 = 0.931, RMSE = 0.239, AUC = 0.962). Conclusion This study firstly used serum to determine the difference in metabolome between patients with colon cancerous bowel obstruction and those with adhesive bowel obstruction. The study found that the metabolic information carried by the serum was sufficient to discriminate the two groups of patients and provided the theoretical supporting for the future using of the more convenient sample for the differential diagnosis of patients with colon cancerous bowel obstruction. Quantitative experiments on a large number of samples were still needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Histology Embryology and Neurobiology, Sichuan University West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Pengchi Deng
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Kexun Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Daolin Long
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Ala M, Eftekhar SP. The Footprint of Kynurenine Pathway in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Tryptophan Res 2022; 15:11786469221096643. [PMID: 35784899 PMCID: PMC9248048 DOI: 10.1177/11786469221096643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kynurenine pathway is the main route of tryptophan metabolism and produces several metabolites with various biologic properties. It has been uncovered that several cardiovascular diseases are associated with the overactivation of kynurenine pathway and kynurenine and its metabolites have diagnostic and prognostic value in cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, it was found that several kynurenine metabolites can differently affect cardiovascular health. For instance, preclinical studies have shown that kynurenine, xanthurenic acid and cis-WOOH decrease blood pressure; kynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid prevent atherosclerosis; kynurenic acid supplementation and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) inhibition improve the outcome of stroke. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) overactivity and increased kynurenine levels improve cardiac and vascular transplantation outcomes, whereas exacerbating the outcome of myocardial ischemia, post-ischemic myocardial remodeling, and abdominal aorta aneurysm. IDO inhibition and KMO inhibition are also protective against viral myocarditis. In addition, dysregulation of kynurenine pathway is observed in several conditions such as senescence, depression, diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), cirrhosis, and cancer closely connected to cardiovascular dysfunction. It is worth defining the exact effect of each metabolite of kynurenine pathway on cardiovascular health. This narrative review is the first review that separately discusses the involvement of kynurenine pathway in different cardiovascular diseases and dissects the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Parsa Eftekhar
- Student Research Committee, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Wyant
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (G.A.W.).,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (G.A.W.)
| | - Javid Moslehi
- Section of Cardio-Oncology and Immunology, Division of Cardiology and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco (J.M.)
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21
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Genetic Deficiency of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase Aggravates Vascular but Not Liver Disease in a Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Atherosclerosis Comorbidity Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095203. [PMID: 35563591 PMCID: PMC9099704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease that increases cardiovascular disease risk. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1)-mediated tryptophan (Trp) metabolism has been proposed to play an immunomodulatory role in several diseases. The potential of IDO1 to be a link between NASH and cardiovascular disease has never been investigated. Using Apoe−/− and Apoe−/−Ido1−/− mice that were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFCD) to simultaneously induce NASH and atherosclerosis, we found that Ido1 deficiency significantly accelerated atherosclerosis after 7 weeks. Surprisingly, Apoe−/−Ido1−/− mice did not present a more aggressive NASH phenotype, including hepatic lipid deposition, release of liver enzymes, and histopathological parameters. As expected, a lower L-kynurenine/Trp (Kyn/Trp) ratio was found in the plasma and arteries of Apoe−/−Ido1−/− mice compared to controls. However, no difference in the hepatic Kyn/Trp ratio was found between the groups. Hepatic transcript analyses revealed that HFCD induced a temporal increase in tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (Tdo2) mRNA, indicating an alternative manner to maintain Trp degradation during NASH development in both Apoe−/− and Apoe−/−Ido1−/mice−. Using HepG2 hepatoma cell and THP1 macrophage cultures, we found that iron, TDO2, and Trp degradation may act as important mediators of cross-communication between hepatocytes and macrophages regulating liver inflammation. In conclusion, we show that Ido1 deficiency aggravates atherosclerosis, but not liver disease, in a newly established NASH and atherosclerosis comorbidity model. Our data indicate that the overexpression of TDO2 is an important mechanism that helps in balancing the kynurenine pathway and inflammation in the liver, but not in the artery wall, which likely determined disease outcome in these two target tissues.
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22
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Immunoregulation and anti-metalloproteinase bioactive injectable polysalicylate matrixgel for efficiently treating osteoarthritis. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100277. [PMID: 35601894 PMCID: PMC9114689 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments of osteoarthritis, such as oral medication and intra-articular injections, only provided temporary relief from pain and achieved limited advance in inhibiting progression. The development of new treatments is hindered by the complicated and unclear pathological mechanisms. Oxidative stress and immune inflammation are believed to be the important factors in the induction and progression of osteoarthritis. Herein, this work presents a bioactive material strategy to treat osteoarthritis, based on the FPSOH matrixgel with robust anti-inflammatory activity through inhibiting the oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa B signaling, preventing the metalloproteinase, as well as inducing M2 polarization of macrophage, thereby providing immune regulation of synovial macrophages and suppressing the progression of synovitis and osteoarthritis. In vivo experiments demonstrated that FPSOH hydrogel can prevent papain-induced osteoarthritis and its progression, and provide dual protection for cartilage and synovium, as compared with commercial sodium hyaluronate.
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23
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Ramprasath T, Han YM, Zhang D, Yu CJ, Zou MH. Tryptophan Catabolism and Inflammation: A Novel Therapeutic Target For Aortic Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:731701. [PMID: 34630411 PMCID: PMC8496902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic diseases are the primary public health concern. As asymptomatic diseases, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and atherosclerosis are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The inflammatory process constitutes an essential part of a pathogenic cascade of aortic diseases, including atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms. Inflammation on various vascular beds, including endothelium, smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and inflammatory cell infiltration (monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, etc.), play critical roles in the initiation and progression of aortic diseases. The tryptophan (Trp) metabolism or kynurenine pathway (KP) is the primary way of degrading Trp in most mammalian cells, disturbed by cytokines under various stress. KP generates several bioactive catabolites, such as kynurenine (Kyn), kynurenic acid (KA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), etc. Depends on the cell types, these metabolites can elicit both hyper- and anti-inflammatory effects. Accumulating evidence obtained from various animal disease models indicates that KP contributes to the inflammatory process during the development of vascular disease, notably atherosclerosis and aneurysm development. This review outlines current insights into how perturbed Trp metabolism instigates aortic inflammation and aortic disease phenotypes. We also briefly highlight how targeting Trp metabolic pathways should be considered for treating aortic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Young-Min Han
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Donghong Zhang
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chang-Jiang Yu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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24
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Teichert J, Cais-Sokolińska D, Bielska P, Danków R, Chudy S, Kaczyński ŁK, Biegalski J. Milk fermentation affects amino acid and fatty acid profile of mare milk from Polish Coldblood mares. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Tryptophan: From Diet to Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189904. [PMID: 34576067 PMCID: PMC8472285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Inflammation is the underlying common mechanism involved in CVD. It has been recently related to amino acid metabolism, which acts as a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Among different metabolites that have emerged as important regulators of immune and inflammatory responses, tryptophan (Trp) metabolites have been shown to play a pivotal role in CVD. Here, we provide an overview of the fundamental aspects of Trp metabolism and the interplay between the dysregulation of the main actors involved in Trp metabolism such as indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) and CVD, including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. IDO has a prominent and complex role. Its activity, impacting on several biological pathways, complicates our understanding of its function, particularly in CVD, where it is still under debate. The discrepancy of the observed IDO effects could be potentially explained by its specific cell and tissue contribution, encouraging further investigations regarding the role of this enzyme. Thus, improving our understanding of the function of Trp as well as its derived metabolites will help to move one step closer towards tailored therapies aiming to treat CVD.
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26
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Berg M, Polyzos KA, Agardh H, Baumgartner R, Forteza MJ, Kareinen I, Gisterå A, Bottcher G, Hurt-Camejo E, Hansson GK, Ketelhuth DFJ. 3-Hydroxyanthralinic acid metabolism controls the hepatic SREBP/lipoprotein axis, inhibits inflammasome activation in macrophages, and decreases atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1948-1957. [PMID: 31589306 PMCID: PMC7519886 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving immunological and metabolic processes. Metabolism of tryptophan (Trp) via the kynurenine pathway has shown immunomodulatory properties and the ability to modulate atherosclerosis. We identified 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) as a key metabolite of Trp modulating vascular inflammation and lipid metabolism. The molecular mechanisms driven by 3-HAA in atherosclerosis have not been completely elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether two major signalling pathways, activation of SREBPs and inflammasome, are associated with the 3-HAA-dependent regulation of lipoprotein synthesis and inflammation in the atherogenesis process. Moreover, we examined whether inhibition of endogenous 3-HAA degradation affects hyperlipidaemia and plaque formation. Methods and results In vitro, we showed that 3-HAA reduces SREBP-2 expression and nuclear translocation and apolipoprotein B secretion in HepG2 cell cultures, and inhibits inflammasome activation and IL-1β production by macrophages. Using Ldlr−/− mice, we showed that inhibition of 3-HAA 3,4-dioxygenase (HAAO), which increases the endogenous levels of 3-HAA, decreases plasma lipids and atherosclerosis. Notably, HAAO inhibition led to decreased hepatic SREBP-2 mRNA levels and lipid accumulation, and improved liver pathology scores. Conclusions We show that the activity of SREBP-2 and the inflammasome can be regulated by 3-HAA metabolism. Moreover, our study highlights that targeting HAAO is a promising strategy to prevent and treat hypercholesterolaemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Berg
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos A Polyzos
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Agardh
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Baumgartner
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria J Forteza
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilona Kareinen
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Bottcher
- Pathology, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, SE-43189 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Hurt-Camejo
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, SE-43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Zhao W, An R, Liu F, Gu J, Sun Y, Xu S, Pan Y, Gao Z, Ji H, Du Z. Urinary metabolomics analysis of the protective effects of Daming capsule on hyperlipidemia rats using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3305-3318. [PMID: 34185383 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is recognized as one of the most important risk factors for morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Daming capsule, a Chinese patent medicine, has shown definitive efficacy in patients with hyperlipidemia. In this study, serum biochemistry and histopathology assessment were used to investigate the lipid-lowering effect of Daming capsule. Furthermore, urinary metabolomics based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was conducted to identify the urinary biomarkers associated with hyperlipidemia and discover the underlying mechanisms of the antihyperlipidemic action of Daming capsule. After 10 weeks of treatment, Daming capsule significantly lowered serum lipid levels and ameliorated hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet. A total of 33 potential biomarkers associated with hyperlipidemia were identified, among which 26 were robustly restored to normal levels after administration of Daming capsule. Pathway analysis revealed that the lipid-lowering effect of Daming capsule is related to the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways including vitamin B and amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and pentose phosphate pathway. Notably, the study demonstrates that metabolomics is a powerful tool to elucidate the multitarget mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines, thereby promoting their research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Ran An
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Fangtong Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Gu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Silun Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yumiao Pan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Ji
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, P. R. China
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28
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Kiluk M, Lewkowicz J, Pawlak D, Tankiewicz-Kwedlo A. Crosstalk between Tryptophan Metabolism via Kynurenine Pathway and Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Context of Cardio-Metabolic Risk-Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112484. [PMID: 34199713 PMCID: PMC8199979 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific interest in tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway (KP) has increased in the last decades. Describing its metabolites helped to increase their roles in many diseases and disturbances, many of a pro-inflammatory nature. It has become increasingly evident that KP can be considered an important part of emerging mediators of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MS), mostly stemming from chronic systemic low-grade inflammation resulting in the aggravation of cardiovascular complications. An electronic literature search of PubMed and Embase up to March 2021 was performed for papers reporting the effects of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), xanthurenic acid (XA), anthranilic acid (AA), and quinolinic acid (QA), focusing on their roles in carbohydrate metabolism and the cardiovascular system. In this review, we discussed the progress in tryptophan metabolism via KP research, focusing particular attention on the roles in carbohydrate metabolism and its complications in the cardiovascular system. We examined the association between KP and diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D), diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We concluded that tryptophan metabolism via KP serves as a potential diagnostic tool in assessing cardiometabolic risk for patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kiluk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Janina Lewkowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Tankiewicz-Kwedlo
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-56-01
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29
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Konje VC, Rajendiran TM, Bellovich K, Gadegbeku CA, Gipson DS, Afshinnia F, Mathew AV. Tryptophan levels associate with incident cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:1097-1105. [PMID: 34094518 PMCID: PMC8173620 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-traditional risk factors like inflammation and oxidative stress play an essential role in the increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tryptophan catabolism by the kynurenine pathway (KP) is linked to systemic inflammation and CVD in the general and dialysis population. However, the relationship of KP to incident CVD in the CKD population is unknown. METHODS We measured tryptophan metabolites using targeted mass spectrometry in 92 patients with a history of CVD (old CVD); 46 patients with no history of CVD and new CVD during follow-up (no CVD); and 46 patients with no CVD history who developed CVD in the median follow-up period of 2 years (incident CVD). RESULTS The three groups are well-matched in age, gender, race, diabetes status and CKD stage, and only differed in total cholesterol and proteinuria. Tryptophan and kynurenine levels significantly decreased in patients with 'Incident CVD' compared with the no CVD or old CVD groups (P = 5.2E-7; P = 0.003 respectively). Kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine and kynurenine are all increased with worsening CKD stage (P < 0.05). An increase in tryptophan levels at baseline was associated with 0.32-fold lower odds of incident CVD (P = 0.000014) compared with the no CVD group even after adjustment for classic CVD risk factors. Addition of tryptophan and kynurenine levels to the receiver operating curve constructed from discriminant analysis predicting incident CVD using baseline clinical variables increased the area under the curve from 0.76 to 0.82 (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study demonstrates that low tryptophan levels are associated with incident CVD in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetalise C Konje
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thekkelnaycke M Rajendiran
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Keith Bellovich
- Division of Nephrology, St Clair Nephrology Research, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Crystal A Gadegbeku
- Section of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Debbie S Gipson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Farsad Afshinnia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anna V Mathew
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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30
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Baumgartner R, Berg M, Matic L, Polyzos KP, Forteza MJ, Hjorth SA, Schwartz TW, Paulsson-Berne G, Hansson GK, Hedin U, Ketelhuth DFJ. Evidence that a deviation in the kynurenine pathway aggravates atherosclerotic disease in humans. J Intern Med 2021; 289:53-68. [PMID: 32794238 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolism of tryptophan (Trp) along the kynurenine pathway has been shown to carry strong immunoregulatory properties. Several experimental studies indicate that this pathway is a major regulator of vascular inflammation and influences atherogenesis. Knowledge of the role of this pathway in human atherosclerosis remains incomplete. OBJECTIVES In this study, we performed a multiplatform analysis of tissue samples, in vitro and in vivo functional assays to elucidate the potential role of the kynurenine pathway in human atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Comparison of transcriptomic data from carotid plaques and control arteries revealed an upregulation of enzymes within the quinolinic branch of the kynurenine pathway in the disease state, whilst the branch leading to the formation of kynurenic acid (KynA) was downregulated. Further analyses indicated that local inflammatory responses are closely tied to the deviation of the kynurenine pathway in the vascular wall. Analysis of cerebrovascular symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis data showed that the downregulation of KynA branch enzymes and reduced KynA production were associated with an increased probability of patients to undergo surgery due to an unstable disease. In vitro, we showed that KynA-mediated signalling through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a major regulator of human macrophage activation. Using a mouse model of peritoneal inflammation, we showed that KynA inhibits leukocyte recruitment. CONCLUSIONS We have found that a deviation in the kynurenine pathway is associated with an increased probability of developing symptomatic unstable atherosclerotic disease. Our study suggests that KynA-mediated signalling through AhR is an important mechanism involved in the regulation of vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baumgartner
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Berg
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K P Polyzos
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M J Forteza
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S A Hjorth
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T W Schwartz
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Paulsson-Berne
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G K Hansson
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D F J Ketelhuth
- From the, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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31
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Melhem NJ, Chajadine M, Gomez I, Howangyin KY, Bouvet M, Knosp C, Sun Y, Rouanet M, Laurans L, Cazorla O, Lemitre M, Vilar J, Mallat Z, Tedgui A, Ait-Oufella H, Hulot JS, Callebert J, Launay JM, Fauconnier J, Silvestre JS, Taleb S. Endothelial Cell Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase 1 Alters Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction Through Kynurenine. Circulation 2020; 143:566-580. [PMID: 33272024 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic cardiovascular diseases, particularly acute myocardial infarction (MI), is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) catalyzes 1 rate-limiting step of L-tryptophan metabolism, and emerges as an important regulator of many pathological conditions. We hypothesized that IDO could play a key role to locally regulate cardiac homeostasis after MI. METHODS Cardiac repair was analyzed in mice harboring specific endothelial or smooth muscle cells or cardiomyocyte or myeloid cell deficiency of IDO and challenged with acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS We show that kynurenine generation through IDO is markedly induced after MI in mice. Total genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of IDO limits cardiac injury and cardiac dysfunction after MI. Distinct loss of function of IDO in smooth muscle cells, inflammatory cells, or cardiomyocytes does not affect cardiac function and remodeling in infarcted mice. In sharp contrast, mice harboring endothelial cell-specific deletion of IDO show an improvement of cardiac function as well as cardiomyocyte contractility and reduction in adverse ventricular remodeling. In vivo kynurenine supplementation in IDO-deficient mice abrogates the protective effects of IDO deletion. Kynurenine precipitates cardiomyocyte apoptosis through reactive oxygen species production in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that IDO could constitute a new therapeutic target during acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Joe Melhem
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Mouna Chajadine
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Ingrid Gomez
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Kiave-Yune Howangyin
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Marion Bouvet
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Camille Knosp
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Yanyi Sun
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Marie Rouanet
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Ludivine Laurans
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- PHYSIOLOGIE ET MÉDECINE EXPÉRIMENTALE DU COEUR ET DES MUSCLES (PHYMEDEXP), Institut national de la santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, France (O.C., J.F.)
| | - Mathilde Lemitre
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - José Vilar
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.).,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - Alain Tedgui
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Service de Biochimie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR942, Hôpital Lariboisière, France (J.C., J.-M.L.)
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Service de Biochimie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR942, Hôpital Lariboisière, France (J.C., J.-M.L.)
| | - Jeremy Fauconnier
- PHYSIOLOGIE ET MÉDECINE EXPÉRIMENTALE DU COEUR ET DES MUSCLES (PHYMEDEXP), Institut national de la santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Montpellier, France (O.C., J.F.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Silvestre
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
| | - Soraya Taleb
- Université de Paris, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France (N.-J.M., M.C., I.G., K.-Y.H., M.B., C.K., Y.S., M.R., L.L., M.L., J.V., Z.M., A.T., H.A.-O., J.-S.H., J.-S.S., S.T.)
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Zaric BL, Radovanovic JN, Gluvic Z, Stewart AJ, Essack M, Motwalli O, Gojobori T, Isenovic ER. Atherosclerosis Linked to Aberrant Amino Acid Metabolism and Immunosuppressive Amino Acid Catabolizing Enzymes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:551758. [PMID: 33117340 PMCID: PMC7549398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.551758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading global health concern and responsible for more deaths worldwide than any other type of disorder. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in the arterial wall, which underpins several types of cardiovascular disease. It has emerged that a strong relationship exists between alterations in amino acid (AA) metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have reported positive correlations between levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) such as leucine, valine, and isoleucine in plasma and the occurrence of metabolic disturbances. Elevated serum levels of BCAAs indicate a high cardiometabolic risk. Thus, BCAAs may also impact atherosclerosis prevention and offer a novel therapeutic strategy for specific individuals at risk of coronary events. The metabolism of AAs, such as L-arginine, homoarginine, and L-tryptophan, is recognized as a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis. Dietary intake of homoarginine, taurine, and glycine can improve atherosclerosis by endothelium remodeling. Available data also suggest that the regulation of AA metabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and arginases 1 and 2 are mediated through various immunological signals and that immunosuppressive AA metabolizing enzymes are promising therapeutic targets against atherosclerosis. Further clinical studies and basic studies that make use of animal models are required. Here we review recent data examining links between AA metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozidarka L. Zaric
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena N. Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alan J. Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olaa Motwalli
- College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University (SEU), Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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33
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Doroshenko YM, Lelevich VV. Biogenic Monoamines, Their Precursors, and Metabolites in the Brain of Rats under Experimental Circulatory Failure. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Gelpi M, Ueland PM, Trøseid M, Mocroft A, Lebech AM, Ullum H, Midttun Ø, Lundgren J, Nielsen SD. Abdominal Adipose Tissue Is Associated With Alterations in Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolism and Markers of Systemic Inflammation in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:419-427. [PMID: 31538186 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While both adipose tissue accumulation and tryptophan metabolism alterations are features of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, their interplay is unclear. We investigated associations between abdominal adipose tissue, alterations in kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, and systemic inflammation in people with HIV (PWH). METHODS Eight hundred sixty-four PWH and 75 uninfected controls were included. Plasma samples were collected and analyzed for kynurenine metabolites, neopterin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and lipids. Regression models were used to test associations in PWH. RESULTS PWH had higher kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio than uninfected individuals (P < .001). In PWH, increase in waist-to-hip ratio was associated with higher kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (P = .009) and quinolinic-to-kynurenic acid ratio (P = .006) and lower kynurenic acid concentration (P = .019). Quinolinic-to-kynurenic acid ratio was associated with higher hs-CRP (P < .001) and neopterin concentrations (P < .001), while kynurenic acid was associated with lower hs-CRP (P = .025) and neopterin concentrations (P = .034). CONCLUSIONS In PWH, increase in abdominal adipose tissue was associated with increased quinolinic-to-kynurenic acid ratio, suggesting activation of proinflammatory pathway of kynurenine metabolism, with reduction of anti-inflammatory molecules and increase in systemic inflammation. Our results suggest dysregulation of kynurenine metabolism associated with abdominal fat accumulation to be a potential source of inflammation in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gelpi
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Magne Ueland
- Section for Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marius Trøseid
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda Mocroft
- HIV Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Mette Lebech
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Øivind Midttun
- Section for Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens Lundgren
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne D Nielsen
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sun L, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Wang F, Liu S, Liu L, Zhao L, Lu W, Li M, Xu Y. Dendritic Cells and T Cells, Partners in Atherogenesis and the Translating Road Ahead. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1456. [PMID: 32849502 PMCID: PMC7403484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic process associated with arterial inflammation, the accumulation of lipids, plaque formation in vessel walls, and thrombosis with late mortal complications such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Immune and inflammatory responses have significant effects on every phase of atherosclerosis. Increasing evidence has shown that both innate and adaptive “arms” of the immune system play important roles in regulating the progression of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that a unique type of innate immune cell, termed dendritic cells (DCs), play an important role as central instigators, whereas adaptive immune cells, called T lymphocytes, are crucial as active executors of the DC immunity in atherogenesis. These two important immune cell types work in pairs to establish pro-atherogenic or atheroprotective immune responses in vascular tissues. Therefore, understanding the role of DCs and T cells in atherosclerosis is extremely important. Here, in this review, we will present a complete overview, based on existing knowledge of these two cell types in the atherosclerotic microenvironment, and discuss some of the novel means of targeting DCs and T cells as therapeutic tactics for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Fengge Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuekang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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36
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Song H, Xu T, Feng X, Lai Y, Yang Y, Zheng H, He X, Wei G, Liao W, Liao Y, Zhong L, Bin J. Itaconate prevents abdominal aortic aneurysm formation through inhibiting inflammation via activation of Nrf2. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102832. [PMID: 32574955 PMCID: PMC7322255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying effective drugs to suppress vascular inflammation is a promising strategy to delay the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Itaconate has a vital role in regulating inflammatory activation in various inflammatory diseases. However, the role of itaconate in the progression of AAA is unknown. In this study, we explored the inhibitory effect of itaconate on AAA formation and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to determine Irg1 and downstream Nrf2 expression in human and mouse AAA samples. Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was performed to measure the abundance of itaconate. OI treatment and Irg1 knockdown were performed to study the role of OI in AAA formation. Nrf2 intervention in vivo was performed to detect the critical role of Nrf2 in the beneficial effect of OI on AAA. FINDINGS We found that itaconate suppressed the formation of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced AAA in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice, while Irg1 deficiency exerted the opposite effect. Mechanistically, itaconate inhibited vascular inflammation by enabling Nrf2 to function as a transcriptional repressor of downstream inflammatory genes via alkylation of Keap1. Moreover, Nrf2 deficiency significantly aggravated inflammatory factor expression and promoted AAA formation. In addition, Keap1 overexpression significantly promoted Ang II-induced AAA formation, which was inhibited by itaconate. INTERPRETATION Itaconate inhibited AAA formation by suppressing vascular inflammation, and therapeutic approaches to increase itaconate are potentially beneficial for preventing AAA formation. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundations of China and Guangzhou regenerative medicine and Health Laboratory of Guangdong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Song
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaofei Feng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanxian Lai
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guoquan Wei
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lintao Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China; Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China.
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Ketelhuth DFJ. The immunometabolic role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: immune homeostatic mechanisms in the artery wall. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1408-1415. [PMID: 30847484 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease and stroke, the two most common cardiovascular diseases worldwide, are triggered by complications of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaques are initiated by a maladaptive immune response triggered by accumulation of lipids in the artery wall. Hence, disease is influenced by several non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors, including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (Trp) degradation, is modulated by inflammation and regarded as a key molecule driving immunotolerance and immunosuppressive mechanisms. A large body of evidence indicates that IDO-mediated Trp metabolism is involved directly or indirectly in atherogenesis. This review summarizes evidence from basic and clinical research showing that IDO is a major regulatory enzyme involved in the maintenance of immunohomeostasis in the vascular wall, as well as current knowledge about promising targets for the development of new anti-atherosclerotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Univ. of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 21(3), Odense C, Denmark
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38
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Villette R, Kc P, Beliard S, Salas Tapia MF, Rainteau D, Guerin M, Lesnik P. Unraveling Host-Gut Microbiota Dialogue and Its Impact on Cholesterol Levels. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:278. [PMID: 32308619 PMCID: PMC7145900 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption in cholesterol metabolism, particularly hypercholesterolemia, is a significant cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Large interindividual variations in plasma cholesterol levels are traditionally related to genetic factors, and the remaining portion of their variance is accredited to environmental factors. In recent years, the essential role played by intestinal microbiota in human health and diseases has emerged. The gut microbiota is currently viewed as a fundamental regulator of host metabolism and of innate and adaptive immunity. Its bacterial composition but also the synthesis of multiple molecules resulting from bacterial metabolism vary according to diet, antibiotics, drugs used, and exposure to pollutants and infectious agents. Microbiota modifications induced by recent changes in the human environment thus seem to be a major factor in the current epidemic of metabolic/inflammatory diseases (diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and dyslipidemia). Epidemiological and preclinical studies report associations between bacterial communities and cholesterolemia. However, such an association remains poorly investigated and characterized. The objectives of this review are to present the current knowledge on and potential mechanisms underlying the host-microbiota dialogue for a better understanding of the contribution of microbial communities to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Villette
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pukar Kc
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Beliard
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U1263, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France.,APHM, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - Dominique Rainteau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Département de Métabolomique Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Maryse Guerin
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Moffett JR, Arun P, Puthillathu N, Vengilote R, Ives JA, Badawy AAB, Namboodiri AM. Quinolinate as a Marker for Kynurenine Metabolite Formation and the Unresolved Question of NAD + Synthesis During Inflammation and Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:31. [PMID: 32153556 PMCID: PMC7047773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolinate (Quin) is a classic example of a biochemical double-edged sword, acting as both essential metabolite and potent neurotoxin. Quin is an important metabolite in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism leading to the de novo synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). As a precursor for NAD+, Quin can direct a portion of tryptophan catabolism toward replenishing cellular NAD+ levels in response to inflammation and infection. Intracellular Quin levels increase dramatically in response to immune stimulation [e.g., lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM)] in macrophages, microglia, dendritic cells, and other cells of the immune system. NAD+ serves numerous functions including energy production, the poly ADP ribose polymerization (PARP) reaction involved in DNA repair, and the activity of various enzymes such as the NAD+-dependent deacetylases known as sirtuins. We used highly specific antibodies to protein-coupled Quin to delineate cells that accumulate Quin as a key aspect of the response to immune stimulation and infection. Here, we describe Quin staining in the brain, spleen, and liver after LPS administration to the brain or systemic PWM administration. Quin expression was strong in immune cells in the periphery after both treatments, whereas very limited Quin expression was observed in the brain even after direct LPS injection. Immunoreactive cells exhibited diverse morphology ranging from foam cells to cells with membrane extensions related to cell motility. We also examined protein expression changes in the spleen after kynurenine administration. Acute (8 h) and prolonged (48 h) kynurenine administration led to significant changes in protein expression in the spleen, including multiple changes involved with cytoskeletal rearrangements associated with cell motility. Kynurenine administration resulted in several expression level changes in proteins associated with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a chaperone for the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which is the primary kynurenine metabolite receptor. We propose that cells with high levels of Quin are those that are currently releasing kynurenine pathway metabolites as well as accumulating Quin for sustained NAD+ synthesis from tryptophan. Further, we propose that the kynurenine pathway may be linked to the regulation of cell motility in immune and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Moffett
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University Medical School, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peethambaran Arun
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University Medical School, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Narayanan Puthillathu
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University Medical School, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ranjini Vengilote
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University Medical School, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John A. Ives
- The Center for Brain, Mind, and Healing, Samueli Institute, Alexandria, VA, United States
| | | | - Aryan M. Namboodiri
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University Medical School, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Castro-Portuguez R, Sutphin GL. Kynurenine pathway, NAD + synthesis, and mitochondrial function: Targeting tryptophan metabolism to promote longevity and healthspan. Exp Gerontol 2020; 132:110841. [PMID: 31954874 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in the normal physiological functions of an organism, ultimately leading to mortality. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential cofactor that plays a critical role in mitochondrial energy production as well as many enzymatic redox reactions. Age-associated decline in NAD+ is implicated as a driving factor in several categories of age-associated disease, including metabolic and neurodegenerative disease, as well as deficiency in the mechanisms of cellular defense against oxidative stress. The kynurenine metabolic pathway is the sole de novo NAD+ biosynthetic pathway, generating NAD+ from ingested tryptophan. Altered kynurenine pathway activity is associated with both aging and a variety of age-associated diseases. Kynurenine pathway interventions can extend lifespan in both fruit flies and nematodes, and altered NAD+ metabolism represents one potential mediating mechanism. Recent studies demonstrate that supplementation with NAD+ or NAD+-precursors increase longevity and promote healthy aging in fruit flies, nematodes, and mice. NAD+ levels and the intrinsic relationship to mitochondrial function have been widely studied in the context of aging. Mitochondrial function and dynamics have both been implicated in longevity determination in a range of organisms from yeast to humans, at least in part due to their intimate link to regulating an organism's cellular energy economy and capacity to resist oxidative stress. Recent findings support the idea that complex communication between the mitochondria and the nucleus orchestrates a series of events and stress responses involving mitophagy, mitochondrial number, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), and mitochondria fission and fusion events. In this review, we discuss how mitochondrial morphological changes and dynamics operate during aging, and how altered metabolism of tryptophan to NAD+ through the kynurenine pathway interacts with these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Castro-Portuguez
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, AZ, USA
| | - George L Sutphin
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, AZ, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, AZ, USA.
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Durante W. Amino Acids in Circulatory Function and Health. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1265:39-56. [PMID: 32761569 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of global mortality and disability. Abundant evidence indicates that amino acids play a fundamental role in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Decades of research established the importance of L-arginine in promoting vascular health through the generation of the gas nitric oxide. More recently, L-glutamine, L-tryptophan, and L-cysteine have also been shown to modulate vascular function via the formation of a myriad of metabolites, including a number of gases (ammonia, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide). These amino acids and their metabolites preserve vascular homeostasis by regulating critical cellular processes including proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, contractility, and senescence. Furthermore, they exert potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in the circulation, and block the accumulation of lipids within the arterial wall. They also mitigate known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and diabetes. However, in some instances, the metabolism of these amino acids through discrete pathways yields compounds that fosters vascular disease. While supplementation with amino acid monotherapy targeting the deficiency has ameliorated arterial disease in many animal models, this approach has been less successful in the clinic. A more robust approach combining amino acid supplementation with antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and/or specific amino acid enzymatic pathway inhibitors may prove more successful. Alternatively, supplementation with amino acid-derived metabolites rather than the parent molecule may elicit beneficial effects while bypassing potentially harmful pathways of metabolism. Finally, there is an emerging recognition that circulating levels of multiple amino acids are perturbed in vascular disease and that a more holistic approach that targets all these amino acid derangements is required to restore circulatory function in diseased blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Durante
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Santisukwongchote K, Amornlertwatana Y, Sastraruji T, Jaikang C. Possible Use of Blood Tryptophan Metabolites as Biomarkers for Coronary Heart Disease in Sudden Unexpected Death. Metabolites 2019; 10:E6. [PMID: 31861670 PMCID: PMC7022541 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of death in sudden unexpected death (SUD) cases. Tryptophan (TRP) and its metabolites are correlated with the CHD patient but less studies in the SUD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of TRP and its metabolites with the CHD in the SUD cases. Blood samples and heart tissues were collected from CHD subjects (n = 31) and the control group (n = 72). Levels of kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYA), xanthurenic acid (XAN), 3-hydroxyanthranillic acid (HAA), quinolinic acid (QA), picolinic acid (PA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HIAA) were determined by HPLC-DAD. A severity of heart occlusion was categorized into four groups, and the relationship was measured with the TRP metabolites. The HIAA and The KYN levels significantly differed (p < 0.01) between the CHD group and the control group. Lower levels of QA/XAN, PA/KA, HAA/XAN, KYN/XAN and KYN/TRP were found in the CHD group. However, PA/HAA, PA/HIAA, PA/KYN and XAN/KA values in the CHD group were higher than the control group (p < 0.05). This study revealed that the values of PA/KA and PA/HAA provided better choices for a CHD biomarker in postmortem bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobchai Santisukwongchote
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Yutti Amornlertwatana
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Thanapat Sastraruji
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Churdsak Jaikang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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Grinnemo KH, Löfling M, Nathanson L, Baumgartner R, Ketelhuth DFJ, Beljanski V, Davies LC, Österholm C. Immunomodulatory effects of interferon-γ on human fetal cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:371. [PMID: 31801632 PMCID: PMC6894330 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, are therapeutically used for diseases, including heart failure. As early gestational-phase embryonic tissues exhibit extraordinary regenerative potential, fetal MSCs exposed to inflammation offer a unique opportunity to evaluate molecular mechanisms underlying preferential healing, and investigate their inherent abilities to communicate with the immune system during development. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of interferon-γ (IFNγ) on the immunomodulatory effects of first-trimester human fetal cardiac (hfc)-MSCs. METHODS hfcMSCs (gestational week 8) were exposed to IFNγ, with subsequent analysis of the whole transcriptome, based on RNA sequencing. Exploration of surface-expressed immunoregulatory mediators and modulation of T cell responses were performed by flow cytometry. Presence and activity of soluble mediators were assessed by ELISA or high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Stimulation of hfcMSCs with IFNγ revealed significant transcriptional changes, particularly in respect to the expression of genes belonging to antigen presentation pathways, cell cycle control, and interferon signaling. Expression of immunomodulatory genes and associated functional changes, including indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity, and regulation of T cell activation and proliferation via programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, were significantly upregulated. These immunoregulatory molecules diminished rapidly upon withdrawal of inflammatory stimulus, indicating a high degree of plasticity by hfcMSCs. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study performing a systematic evaluation of inflammatory responses and immunoregulatory properties of first-trimester cardiac tissue. In summary, our study demonstrates the dynamic responsiveness of hfcMSCs to inflammatory stimuli. Further understanding as to the immunoregulatory properties of hfcMSCs may be of benefit in the development of novel stromal cell therapeutics for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Henrik Grinnemo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J10:20, SE-171 64, Solna, Sweden
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Löfling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J10:20, SE-171 64, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lubov Nathanson
- Institute for Neuroimmune Medicine, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Roland Baumgartner
- Department of Medicine Solna, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 64, Solna, Sweden
| | - Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Department of Medicine Solna, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 64, Solna, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Beljanski
- Cell Therapy Institute, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Lindsay C Davies
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Österholm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J10:20, SE-171 64, Solna, Sweden.
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Qi Q, Hua S, Clish CB, Scott JM, Hanna DB, Wang T, Haberlen SA, Shah SJ, Glesby MJ, Lazar JM, Burk RD, Hodis HN, Landay AL, Post WS, Anastos K, Kaplan RC. Plasma Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolites Are Altered in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Associated With Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 67:235-242. [PMID: 29415228 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is unknown whether disrupted tryptophan catabolism is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Methods Plasma tryptophan and kynurenic acid were measured in 737 women and men (520 HIV+, 217 HIV-) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging was obtained from 2004 through 2013. We examined associations of baseline tryptophan, kynurenic acid, and kynurenic acid-to-tryptophan (KYNA/TRP) ratio, with risk of carotid plaque. Results After a 7-year follow-up, 112 participants developed carotid plaque. Compared to those without HIV infection, HIV-infected participants had lower tryptophan (P < .001), higher KYNA/TRP (P = .01), and similar kynurenic acid levels (P = .51). Tryptophan, kynurenic acid, and KYNA/TRP were correlated with T-cell activation (CD38+HLA-DR+) and immune activation markers (serum sCD14, galectin-3) but had few correlations with interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, or CVD risk factors (blood pressure, lipids). Adjusted for demographic and behavioral factors, each standard deviation (SD) increment in tryptophan was associated with a 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17%-38%) decreased risk of carotid plaque (P < .001), while each SD increment in kynurenic acid (P = .02) and KYNA/TRP (P < .001) was associated with a 34% (6%-69%) and a 47% (26%-73%) increased risk of carotid plaque, respectively. After further adjustment for CVD risk factors and immune activation markers, these associations were attenuated but remained significant. Conclusions Plasma tryptophan-kynurenine metabolites are altered in HIV infection and associated with progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Simin Hua
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Justin M Scott
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - David B Hanna
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sabina A Haberlen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Jason M Lazar
- Department of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Howard N Hodis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Taleb S. Tryptophan Dietary Impacts Gut Barrier and Metabolic Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2113. [PMID: 31552046 PMCID: PMC6746884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine has a major role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and gut barrier is the first defense line against harmful pathogens. Alteration of the intestinal barrier is associated with enhanced intestinal permeability and development of numerous pathological diseases including gastrointestinal and cardiometabolic diseases. Among the metabolites that play an important role within intestinal health, L Tryptophan (Trp) is one of the nine essential amino acids supplied by diet, whose metabolism appears as a key modulator of gut microbiota, with major impacts on physiological, and pathological pathways. Recently, emerging evidence showed that the Trp catabolism through one major enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expressed by the host affects Trp metabolism by gut microbiota to generate indole metabolites, thereby altering gut function and health in mice and humans. In this mini review, I summarize the most recent advances concerning the role of Trp metabolism in host–microbiota cross-talk in health, and metabolic diseases. This novel aspect of IDO1 function in intestine will better explain its complex roles in a broad range of disease states where the gut function affects local as well as systemic health, and will open new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Taleb
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
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Liang H, Chen M, Qi F, Shi L, Duan Z, Yang R, He J, Lou B, Li Y, Yang Q. The proatherosclerotic function of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 in the developmental stage of atherosclerosis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:23. [PMID: 31637003 PMCID: PMC6799842 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The discrepancy of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) function in atherosclerosis has been noted. Compared to the protective effect of IDO1 against established atherogenesis, the role of IDO1 in the developmental process of atherosclerosis is still unclear. Here, the expression patterns and activities of IDO1 and its isoenzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) in aortas and blood samples of patients with atherosclerosis were investigated. IDO1 and TDO were colocalized with CD3-positive lymphocytes and CD68-positive macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. The expression and activity of IDO1 and TDO increased with the grade of the histological classification in early atherosclerosis (grade I, II), but the increase did not continue in advanced atherosclerosis (grade III). Treatment of THP-1 macrophages (THP-M) with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induced the expression of IDO1 via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway, indicating the potential function of IDO1 in foam cells. Before and after treatment with oxLDL on THP-M, IFN-γ-induced IDO1 exhibited different degrees of promotion on foaming, inflammatory factor production and cell apoptosis. Finally, we found that the IDO1 inhibitor 1-methyl-tryptophan could elevate the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in serum and reduce the area of the aortic atherosclerotic lesions in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice. Our study indicated that IDO1 played a complicated and unfixed role in the entire process of atherogenesis, despite the atheroprotective role in established atherosclerosis. IDO1 also had proatherosclerotic functions in the developmental stages of atherosclerosis. Modulation of IDO1 could be a good method for alleviating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mantian Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinchao He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Lou
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yigang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ye G, Gao H, Lin Y, Ding D, Liao X, Zhang H, Chi Y, Dong S. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor A/G reprogrammes metabolism associated with lipid accumulation in macrophages. Metabolomics 2019; 15:36. [PMID: 30830452 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macrophage metabolism contributes to the progression of metabolic diseases, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play vital roles in macrophage metabolism and the treatment of metabolic diseases. However, the role of PPARs in metabolic reprogramming related to lipid accumulation in macrophages, a key pathological event in metabolic diseases, remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify PPAR-mediated metabolic reprogramming and potential therapeutic targets associated with lipid accumulation in macrophages. METHODS Following treatment with oleate, oleate + WY-14643 and oleate + pioglitazone to induce alterations in PPAR signaling, lipids and relevant metabolism, macrophage samples were analyzed employing an untargeted metabolomics based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The metabolomics approach revealed that multiple metabolic pathways were altered during lipid accumulation in oleate-treated macrophages and responsive to WY-14643 and pioglitazone treatment. Notably, levels of most metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism were accumulated in oleate-treated macrophages, and these effects were alleviated or abolished by PPARA/G activation. Additionally, during oleate-induced lipid accumulation and lipid lowering with WY-14643 and pioglitazone in macrophages, levels of most amino acids were positively associated with neutral lipid, total cholesterol, cholesterol ester, total free fatty acid and triglyceride levels but negatively associated with expression of genes related to PPARA/G signaling. Furthermore, glycine was found to be a potential biomarker for assessing lipid accumulation and the lipid-lowering effects of PPARA/G in oleate-treated macrophages. CONCLUSION The results of this study revealed a high correlation of amino acid metabolism with lipid accumulation and the lipid-lowering effects of PPARA/G in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhu Ye
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Dongxiao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yulang Chi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Sijun Dong
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Nitz K, Lacy M, Atzler D. Amino Acids and Their Metabolism in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:319-330. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
As a leading cause of death worldwide, cardiovascular disease is a global health concern. The development and progression of atherosclerosis, which ultimately gives rise to cardiovascular disease, has been causally linked to hypercholesterolemia. Mechanistically, the interplay between lipids and the immune system during plaque progression significantly contributes to the chronic inflammation seen in the arterial wall during atherosclerosis. Localized inflammation and increased cell-to-cell interactions may influence polarization and proliferation of immune cells via changes in amino acid metabolism. Specifically, the amino acids
l
-arginine (Arg),
l
-homoarginine (hArg) and
l
-tryptophan (Trp) have been widely studied in the context of cardiovascular disease, and their metabolism has been established as key regulators of vascular homeostasis, as well as immune cell function. Cyclic effects between endothelial cells, innate, and adaptive immune cells exist during Arg and hArg, as well as Trp metabolism, that may have distinct effects on the development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we describe the current knowledge surrounding the metabolism, biological function, and clinical perspective of Arg, hArg, and Trp in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Nitz
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., D.A.)
| | - Michael Lacy
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., D.A.)
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., D.A.)
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49
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Kayacan Y, Yazar H, Cerit G, Ghojebeigloo BE. A new oxidative stress indicator: Effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on thiol-disulfide homeostasis in exercise. Nutrition 2019; 63-64:114-119. [PMID: 30939385 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between exercise and both 5-hydroxytryptophan and oxidative stress using thiol-disulfide homeostasis via what is likely a novel biomarker. METHODS Male albino Wistar rats (n = 32) were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control, exercise group, 5-hydroxytryptophan group (5H), and 5-HTP + exercise group (5Hex). Exercise and 5-HTP administration (25mg/kg per d) were performed 5d/wk for 10 wk. After completion of the experimental protocol, to determine oxidative stress parameters, serum total thiol and native thiol concentrations were measured. Dynamic disulfide status, reduced thiol, oxidized thiol (OT), and thiol oxidation reduction percentage ratios were compared between the groups. The methods used in the present study to measure dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis as calorimetric and duplex quantities were developed in 2014. These new methods are simple, reliable, and sensitive, with both high linearity and repeatability. RESULTS Compared with the control group, serum dynamic disulfide levels were significantly lower in the 5H group and highest in the control group. The lowest OT and the highest reduced thiol rates were determined to be in the 5H group. The highest OT value was found in the 5Hex group. Thiol oxidation reduction values were found to be highest in the 5H group and lowest in the 5Hex group. CONCLUSIONS Both 5-HTP and moderate exercise seem to be significantly effective in inhibiting oxidative damage. In addition, the new oxidative stress measurement method used in this study is a promising practical and useful method to evaluate and improve the performance of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yildirim Kayacan
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Yasar Dogu Sports Sciences, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Hayrullah Yazar
- Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Günay Cerit
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Yasar Dogu Sports Sciences, Samsun, Turkey
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50
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Impact of HIV and Type 2 diabetes on Gut Microbiota Diversity, Tryptophan Catabolism and Endothelial Dysfunction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6725. [PMID: 29712976 PMCID: PMC5928109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infection and type 2 diabetes are associated with altered gut microbiota, chronic inflammation, and increased cardiovascular risk. We aimed to investigate the combined effect of these diseases on gut microbiota composition and related metabolites, and a potential relation to endothelial dysfunction in individuals with HIV-infection only (n = 23), diabetes only (n = 16) or both conditions (n = 21), as well as controls (n = 24). Fecal microbiota was analyzed by Illumina sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene. Markers of endothelial dysfunction (asymmetric dimethylarginine [ADMA]), tryptophan catabolism (kynurenine/tryptophan [KT]-ratio), and inflammation (neopterin) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The combination of HIV and type 2 diabetes was associated with reduced gut microbiota diversity, increased plasma KT-ratio and neopterin. Microbial genes related to tryptophan metabolism correlated with KT-ratio and low alpha diversity, in particular in HIV-infected with T2D. In multivariate analyses, KT-ratio associated with ADMA (β = 4.58 [95% CI 2.53–6.63], p < 0.001), whereas microbiota composition per se was not associated with endothelial dysfunction. Our results indicate that tryptophan catabolism may be related to endothelial dysfunction, with a potentially detrimental interaction between HIV and diabetes. The potential contribution of gut microbiota and the impact for cardiovascular risk should be further explored in prospective studies powered for clinical end points.
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