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Robles B, Mota-Bertran A, Saez M, Solans M. Association between ultraprocessed food consumption and excess adiposity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2024:e13796. [PMID: 38956887 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Ultraprocessed foods (UPF) consumption is associated with excess adiposity in adults, but this linkage remains unclear among children and adolescents. The present systematic review sought to address this research gap. Publications up to November 2023 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Outcomes included overweight/obesity anthropometric and body composition indicators; the exposure was UPF consumption based on the NOVA classification system. The review included 23 studies (i.e., 8 cohort and 15 cross-sectional); approximately half were carried out in Brazil. Inconclusive and heterogeneous evidence exists as few cohort studies found positive/mixed associations between UPF consumption and excess adiposity in pediatric populations, whereas most cross-sectional studies reported null associations. Such inconsistencies may be attributed to underlying methodological issues, especially heterogeneity in the outcomes assessed and UPF consumption operationalization and/or categorization. Future studies should adopt longitudinal designs with sufficiently extended follow-up periods, account for relevant confounding factors, employ validated and standardized measurement tools to assess dietary exposure, ensure consistent operationalization of variables, and encompass diverse geographic contexts. Ultimately, strengthening the quality of existing research evidence may better inform current and forthcoming policy and practice interventions aimed at mitigating the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity in childhood and across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Robles
- Department of Economics, University of Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Mota-Bertran
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Saez
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Solans
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Aagaard KM, Barkin SL, Burant CF, Carnell S, Demerath E, Donovan SM, Eneli I, Francis LA, Gilbert-Diamond D, Hivert MF, LeBourgeois MK, Loos RJF, Lumeng JC, Miller AL, Okely AD, Osganian SK, Ramirez AG, Trasande L, Van Horn LV, Wake M, Wright RJ, Yanovski SZ. Understanding risk and causal mechanisms for developing obesity in infants and young children: A National Institutes of Health workshop. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13690. [PMID: 38204366 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Obesity in children remains a major public health problem, with the current prevalence in youth ages 2-19 years estimated to be 19.7%. Despite progress in identifying risk factors, current models do not accurately predict development of obesity in early childhood. There is also substantial individual variability in response to a given intervention that is not well understood. On April 29-30, 2021, the National Institutes of Health convened a virtual workshop on "Understanding Risk and Causal Mechanisms for Developing Obesity in Infants and Young Children." The workshop brought together scientists from diverse disciplines to discuss (1) what is known regarding epidemiology and underlying biological and behavioral mechanisms for rapid weight gain and development of obesity and (2) what new approaches can improve risk prediction and gain novel insights into causes of obesity in early life. Participants identified gaps and opportunities for future research to advance understanding of risk and underlying mechanisms for development of obesity in early life. It was emphasized that future studies will require multi-disciplinary efforts across basic, behavioral, and clinical sciences. An exposome framework is needed to elucidate how behavioral, biological, and environmental risk factors interact. Use of novel statistical methods may provide greater insights into causal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shari L Barkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Charles F Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ellen Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Ihuoma Eneli
- Center for Healthy Weight and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lori A Francis
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monique K LeBourgeois
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anthony D Okely
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- llawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Sport, Food, and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Stavroula K Osganian
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amelie G Ramirez
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Linda V Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Melissa Wake
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Kravis Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan Z Yanovski
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Ntretsiou E, Benas D, Trivilou P, Pavlidis G, Ikonomidis I, Attilakos A, Iliodromitis E, Triantafyllidi H. Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors in children aged 6-16 years and their evolution in early adulthood in a 10-year follow-up study. Hellenic J Cardiol 2024:S1109-9666(24)00030-7. [PMID: 38369194 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and arterial hypertension (AH) in children represent well-recognized risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) events during adult life. We investigated any changes regarding several CV risk (CVR) factors in children after a 10-year follow-up period. METHODS A cohort of 143 healthy children, elementary/high school students, 6-16 years old, was initially evaluated in 2010-2011 regarding CVR factors [obesity, blood pressure (BP), aortic stiffness (PWV), lipid profile] plus food habits/sports activity. At 10-years follow-up (2020-2021), 63/143 (44%) young adults were re-evaluated. RESULTS Children with obesity (45%) had increased BP (p < 0.001) and a less favorable LDL-C/triglycerides profile (p = 0.001) compared to overweight/normoweight ones. In a 10-year follow-up, obesity and exercise improved (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005), systolic BP (SBP) (102 ± 13 vs. 118 ± 11 mmHg, p < 0.001) and PWV increased (6.1 ± 1 vs. 7.7 ± 1.1 m/sec, p < 0.001), LDL-C (96 ± 21 vs. 86 ± 24 mg/dl, p = 0.004) and HDL-C + (64 ± 18 vs. 55 ± 10 mg/dl, p < 0.001) decreased, triglycerides increased (62 ± 21 vs. 73 ± 34 mg/dl, p = 0.04), and food approached the western model of nutrition (less fish/fruits). In children/young adults, BMI was associated with age (Beta = 0.47, p < 0.001 and Beta = 0.36, p = 0.004), SBP (Beta = 0.46 and Beta = 0.52, p < 0.001), and LDL-C (Beta = 0.27 and Beta = 0.44, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In children with obesity, increased BMI and waist circumference were related to SBP and a less favorable lipid profile. At the 10-year re-evaluation, obesity was partially improved, physical activity was increased, and SBP had reached the high-normal levels in a substantial number of young adults, while lipid profile was less favorable (for HDL-C/triglycerides) compared to baseline evaluation. Our results highlight the evolution of CVR factors from childhood to early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Ntretsiou
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ATTIKON Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Benas
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ATTIKON Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Trivilou
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ATTIKON Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Pavlidis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ATTIKON Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ATTIKON Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Achilleas Attilakos
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ATTIKON Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Iliodromitis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ATTIKON Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Triantafyllidi
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ATTIKON Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Leung AKC, Wong AHC, Hon KL. Childhood Obesity: An Updated Review. Curr Pediatr Rev 2024; 20:2-26. [PMID: 35927921 DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666220801093225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is an important and serious public health problem worldwide. OBJECTIVE This article aims to familiarize physicians with the evaluation, management, and prevention of childhood. METHODS A PubMed search was conducted in May, 2021, in Clinical Queries using the key terms "obesity" OR "obese". The search included clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, cohort studies, meta-analyses, observational studies, clinical guidelines, case reports, case series, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature and children. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. RESULTS Most obese children have exogenous obesity characterized by a growth rate for height above the 50th percentile, normal intelligence, normal genitalia, and lack of historical or physical evidence of an endocrine abnormality or a congenital syndrome. Obese children are at risk for dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, psychosocial disturbances, impaired quality of life, and shorter life expectancy. The multitude of serious comorbidities necessitates effective treatment modalities. Dietary modification, therapeutic exercise, and behavioral modification are the fundamentals of treatment. Pharmacotherapy and/or bariatric surgery should be considered for obese individuals who do not respond to the above measures and suffer from a serious comorbid condition. CONCLUSION Childhood obesity, once established, is often refractory to treatment. Most treatment programs lead to a brief period of weight loss, followed by rapid re-accumulation of the lost weight after the termination of therapy. As such, preventive activity is the key to solving the problem of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity can be prevented by promoting a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and lifestyle modification. Parents should be encouraged to get involved in school and community programs that improve their children's nutritional status and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, The Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alex H C Wong
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Zhou F, Tian G, Cui Y, He S, Yan Y. Development of genome-wide association studies on childhood obesity and its indicators: A scoping review and enrichment analysis. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13077. [PMID: 37800454 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progress of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in childhood obesity and its indicators is challenging and there are differences in genetic studies in children and adults. OBJECTIVE To illustrate the history of the development of GWAS in childhood obesity and its indicators and summarize the GWAS loci. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and GWAS Catalog databases were systematically searched from 1 January 2005 to 19 October 2022 for literature related to GWAS of childhood BMI, body fatness and obesity. The nearest genes were used as positional genes to perform gene set analyses including the enrichment of pathways, tissues and diseases. RESULTS Twenty articles published between 2007 and 2021 were included in this scoping review, which identified 116 SNPs reaching genome-wide significance with childhood BMI (n = 50), body fatness (n = 31) and obesity (n = 35). The study populations were European in 16 studies, non-European in three studies (1 East Asian; 1 American; 1 Mexican) and trans-ancestry in one study. Several enriched pathways, tissues and diseases were identified through enrichment analysis of genes associated with childhood obesity and its indicators. CONCLUSIONS The innovations in tools and methods enable GWAS to better explore the genetic characteristics of obesity in children and adolescents. However, the number of GWAS in American, Asian and African populations is limited compared to the European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiran Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Simin He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Bezerra TA, Souza Filho AND, Pessoa MLF, Ribeiro Bandeira PF, Cabral LGA, Moraes JFVND, Martins CMDL, Carvalho FO. Effects of a multicomponent intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight children: a randomized clinical trial in light of complex systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1368-1378. [PMID: 35699999 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2088704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Analyzing the effects of interventions from a theoretical and statistical perspective that allows understanding these dynamic relationships of obesity etiology can be a more efficient and innovative way of understanding the phenomenon's complexity. Thus, we aimed to analyze the pattern of cardiovascular risk factors between-participants, and the effects within-participants of a multidisciplinary intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight children. This is a randomized clinical trial, and 41 participated in this study. A multicomponent intervention (physical activities, nutritional and psychological counseling) was performed for 10 weeks. Anthropometric and hemodynamics measurements, lipid and glucose profile, cardiorespiratory fitness, and left ventricular mass were evaluated. A network analysis was done. Considering patterns in the network at baseline, WC, WHR, BMI, and Fat were the main variables for cardiovascular risks. Group was the most critical variable in the within-participant network. Participating in a multicomponent intervention and decreasing body fat promoted beneficial cardiovascular factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaynã Alves Bezerra
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Clarice Maria de Lucena Martins
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, Portugal
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Jiang Q, Risica PM, Tovar A, Cooksey Stowers K, Schwartz MB, Lombardi C, Gans KM. Mediation of the association between social environmental characteristics of family childcare home and weight status in children by diet quality. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2301. [PMID: 37990180 PMCID: PMC10664465 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The food and beverages served in family childcare homes (FCCHs) may play an important role in the development of childhood overweight and obesity. This analysis examines whether children's diet quality mediates the relationship between foods and beverages served in FCCHs and preschool-aged children's weight status. METHODS Trained and certified staff conducted observations for two days in each FCCH, using the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) measure to determine the foods and beverages served to children (N = 370) in FCCHs (N = 120). They also used the Dietary Observation in Child Care (DOCC) protocol to assess children's food and beverage intake during childcare, from which we calculated the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI), a measure of diet quality. Height and weight were measured for each child with parent consent from which the child's body mass index (BMI) z-scores were calculated. A multilevel mediation analysis was conducted to indicate whether children's diet quality mediates the relations between food and beverage served in FCCHs and preschool-aged children's weight status. RESULTS Children's total HEI scores significantly mediated the relationship between the EPAO subscale Food Provided and children's BMI z-scores (B=-0.01, p < .05, 95% CI = [-0.03, - 0.002]). Further, the EPAO subscale Food Provided was positively associated with the total HEI score (B = 0.75, p < .01, 95% CI = [0.32, 1.18]). Total HEI scores were negatively associated with BMI z-score (B=-0.01, p < .05, 95% CI = [-0.02, - 0.001]). CONCLUSION Children's diet quality did significantly mediate the relationship between the food served in FCCHs and children's weight status. More longitudinal studies with longer follow-up periods need to be conducted to confirm these relationships. Further, future studies need to examine the relationships between a broader spectrum of FCCH environmental characteristics and home environment with children's weight status, as well as other mediators including physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxia Jiang
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - Patricia Markham Risica
- Department of Behavioral and Social Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alison Tovar
- Department of Behavioral and Social Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Marlene B Schwartz
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Caitlin Lombardi
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kim M Gans
- Department of Behavioral and Social Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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8
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Salama M, Balagopal B, Fennoy I, Kumar S. Childhood Obesity, Diabetes. and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:3051-3066. [PMID: 37319430 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review aims to briefly summarize the pathophysiology of childhood obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in children and adolescents. Recent data on efficacy of lifestyle interventions, medications, and metabolic surgery for obesity, T2DM, and CVD risk factors are also reviewed. We conducted a PubMed search of English-language original and review articles relevant to childhood obesity, T2DM, and CVD risk factors, and biomarkers in children with an emphasis on recent publications. Childhood obesity arises from an intricate interaction between genetic, physiologic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. The rise in the prevalence of childhood obesity is associated with the development of comorbidities including T2DM and CVD at an early age. A multipronged approach is central to the detection, monitoring, and management of childhood obesity and associated adverse metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Salama
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Babu Balagopal
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA
| | - Ilene Fennoy
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Seema Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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9
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Hanssen H, Moholdt T, Bahls M, Biffi A, Siegrist M, Lewandowski AJ, Biondi-Zoccai G, Cavarretta E, Kokkvoll A, Løchen ML, Maestrini V, Pinto RS, Palermi S, Thivel D, Wojcik M, Hansen D, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Weghuber D, Kraenkel N, Tiberi M. Lifestyle interventions to change trajectories of obesity-related cardiovascular risk from childhood onset to manifestation in adulthood: a joint scientific statement of the task force for childhood health of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology and the European Childhood Obesity Group. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1462-1472. [PMID: 37491406 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an immediate need to optimize cardiovascular (CV) risk management and primary prevention of childhood obesity to timely and more effectively combat the health hazard and socioeconomic burden of CV disease from childhood development to adulthood manifestation. Optimizing screening programs and risk management strategies for obesity-related CV risk in childhood has high potential to change disease trajectories into adulthood. Building on a holistic view on the aetiology of childhood obesity, this document reviews current concepts in primary prevention and risk management strategies by lifestyle interventions. As an additional objective, this scientific statement addresses the high potential for reversibility of CV risk in childhood and comments on the use of modern surrogate markers beyond monitoring weight and body composition. This scientific statement also highlights the clinical importance of quantifying CV risk trajectories and discusses the remaining research gaps and challenges to better promote childhood health in a population-based approach. Finally, this document provides an overview on the lessons to be learned from the presented evidence and identifies key barriers to be targeted by researchers, clinicians, and policymakers to put into practice more effective primary prevention strategies for childhood obesity early in life to combat the burden of CV disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Women's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Bahls
- Department of Internal Medicine B University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alessandro Biffi
- Med-Ex Medicine & Exercise, Medical Partner Scuderia Ferrari, Rome, Italy
| | - Monika Siegrist
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital 'rechts der Isar', Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adam J Lewandowski
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ane Kokkvoll
- Department of Paediatrics, Finnmark Hospital Trust, Hammerfest, Norway
| | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Palermi
- Med-Ex Medicine & Exercise, Medical Partner Scuderia Ferrari, Rome, Italy
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Malgorzata Wojcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominique Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
- UHasselt, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, BIOMED-REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Centre, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Emeline M Van Craenenbroeck
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nicolle Kraenkel
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer- Cardiovascular Prevention Center @ Charité, Charite- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monica Tiberi
- Department of Public Health, Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche AV 1, Pesaro, Italy
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10
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Jiang Q, Forseth B, Fitzpatrick L, Laroche HH, Hampl S, Davis AM, Steel C, Carlson J. Prospective associations of neighborhood healthy food access and walkability with weight status in a regional pediatric health system. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:113. [PMID: 37730611 PMCID: PMC10510160 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most neighborhood food and activity related environment research in children has been cross-sectional. A better understanding of prospective associations between these neighborhood environment factors and children's weight status can provide stronger evidence for informing interventions and policy. This study examined associations of baseline and changes in neighborhood healthy food access and walkability with changes in children's weight status over 5 years. METHODS Height, weight, and home address were obtained for 4,493 children (> 75% were Black or Latinx) from primary care visits within a large pediatric health system. Eligible participants were those who had measures collected during two time periods (2012-2014 [Time 1] and 2017-2019 [Time 2]). Data were integrated with census tract-level healthy food access and walkability data. Children who moved residences between the time periods were considered 'movers' (N = 1052; 23.4%). Mixed-effects models, accounting for nesting of children within census tracts, were conducted to model associations of baseline and changes in the neighborhood environment variables with Time 2 weight status (BMIz and overweight or obese vs. healthy weight). Models adjusted for weight status and child and neighborhood sociodemographics at baseline. RESULTS Children living in a neighborhood with [ample] healthy food access at Time 1 had a lower BMIz at Time 2, regardless of mover status. A decrease in healthy food access was not significantly associated with children's weight status at Time 2. Baseline walkability and improvements in walkability were associated with a lower BMIz at Time 2, regardless of mover status. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide evidence that residing in a neighborhood with healthy food access and walkability may support a healthy weight trajectory in children. Findings on changes in the neighborhood environment suggested that improved walkability in the neighborhood may support children's healthy weight. The greater and more consistent findings among movers may be due to movers experiencing greater changes in neighborhood features than the changes that typically occur within a neighborhood over a short period of time. Future research is needed to investigate more robust environmental changes to neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxia Jiang
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, 610 E. 22Nd Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - Bethany Forseth
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, 610 E. 22Nd Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Lauren Fitzpatrick
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, 610 E. 22Nd Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Helena H Laroche
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, 610 E. 22Nd Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Hampl
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, 610 E. 22Nd Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ann M Davis
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, 610 E. 22Nd Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Chelsea Steel
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, 610 E. 22Nd Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jordan Carlson
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, 610 E. 22Nd Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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11
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Seo HS, Lee SH, Yim MH, Jeong YK, Chang GT, Ahn YJ, Lee JD, Chung WS, Ahn SY, Ahn YM, Lee BC, Noh JW, Lee B. Integrative Korean Medicine Treatment for Obesity and Overweight in Children and Adolescents: A Multicenter Retrospective Chart Review Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2821-2832. [PMID: 37732015 PMCID: PMC10508230 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s426848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Integrative Korean medicine treatment (IKM), including herbal medicine (HM) and acupuncture, has been widely used for obesity and overweight in children and adolescents in South Korea. We investigated the real-world usage status and the potential effect of the IKM for obesity and overweight in children and adolescents. Methods Multicenter medical charts were retrospectively reviewed of obese and overweight children and adolescents who visited Korean medicine institutions with the goal of weight control for the first time and received IKM, to analyze the usage status and effect of IKM. We defined IKM responders as those with an improved obesity grade on the body mass index (BMI) percentile and analyzed their characteristics. Results Medical charts of 209 patients (183 obese and 26 overweight) with a mean age of 11.45 years were examined. Patients visited the institution a mean of 5.95 times, and HM alone and HM plus acupuncture were frequently used IKM. HM was prescribed to 205 patients, 167 of whom received an HM prescription containing Ephedrae Herba. An HM of the decoction type was prescribed to 189 patients, and the average treatment duration was 76.54 days. After IKM, the percentile and z-score of BMI and weight significantly declined and height percentile and z-score were significantly enhanced, without serious adverse events. In the IKM responders, age, and the proportion of girls and overweight were significantly higher, and the percentile and z-score of height, weight, and BMI were significantly lower. Conclusion This is the first study to examine the real-world usage of IKM for obesity and overweight in children and adolescents. A significant improvement in obesity-related outcome measures after IKM, illustrated the potential effect of IKM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Sun Seo
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Haeng Lee
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Hong Yim
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoon Kyoung Jeong
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Chang
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Ahn
- Haeundae Hamsoa Korean Medicine Clinic, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae Dong Lee
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Seok Chung
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Min Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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12
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Ma S, Wang H, Shen L, Dong Y, Zou Z. Higher vegetable consumption is related to a lower risk of cardiometabolic risk cluster among children and adolescents: A national cross-sectional study in China. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1748-1759. [PMID: 37414666 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence about the association between vegetable consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) cluster among children and adolescents was inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of CMRFs and CMRFs cluster, and to evaluate their associations with vegetable consumption. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 14,061 participants aged 6-19 years were recruited from 7 provinces of China. A standard physical examination, including height, weight and blood pressure, was conducted. Information regarding CMRFs was obtained through anthropometric measurements and blood sample testing, while weekly frequency and daily servings of vegetable consumption data collected by questionnaires. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the odds ratios (OR) for associations between CMRFs, CMRFs cluster and vegetable consumption. The prevalence of no CMRFs cluster among children and adolescents was 26.4%. Participants whose daily vegetable consumption was 0.75-1.5 and ≥1.5 servings showed a lower risk of high blood pressure (HBP), high total cholesterol (TC), high triglyceride (TG), and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to those with daily vegetable consumption of <0.75 servings. Besides, higher average daily vegetable consumption was strongly associated with lower risks of CMRFs cluster. Stratified analyses showed that the protective effects of more vegetable intake on CMRFs cluster were profounder in boys and young adolescents. CONCLUSION More vegetable intake was associated with lower risks of CMRFs cluster in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-19 years, which further highlighted the significance of vegetable consumption to improve the cardiometabolic risk status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
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Jiang Q, Risica PM, Tovar A, Stowers KC, Schwartz MB, Lombardi C, Gans KM. Mediation of the Association between Social Environmental Characteristics of Family Childcare Home and Weight Status in Children by Diet Quality. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3147729. [PMID: 37645722 PMCID: PMC10462247 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3147729/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background The food and beverages served in family childcare homes (FCCHs) may play an important role in the development of childhood overweight and obesity. This analysis examines whether children's diet quality mediates the relationship between foods and beverages served in FCCHs and preschool-aged children's weight status. Methods Trained and certified staff conducted observations for two days in each FCCH, using the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) measure to determine the foods and beverages served to children (N=370) in FCCHs (N=120). They also used the Dietary Observation in Child Care (DOCC) protocol to assess children's food and beverage intake during childcare, from which we calculated the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI), a measure of diet quality. Height and weight were measured for each child with parent consent from which the child's body mass index (BMI) z-scores were calculated from. A multilevel mediation analysis was conducted to indicate whether children's diet quality mediates the relations between food and beverage served in FCCHs and preschool-aged children's weight status. Results Children's total HEI scores significantly mediated the relationship between the EPAO subscale "Food provided" and children's BMI z-scores (B=-.01, p<.05, 95% CI = [-.03, -.002]). Further, the EPAO subscale "Food provided" was positively associated with the total HEI score (B=.75, p<.01, 95% CI = [.32, 1.18]). Total HEI scores were negatively associated with BMI z-score (B=-.01, p<.05, 95% CI = [-.02, -.001]). Conclusion Children's diet quality did significantly mediate the relationship between the food served in FCCHs and children's weight status. More longitudinal studies with longer follow-up periods need to be conducted to confirm these relationships. Further, future studies need to examine the relationships between a broader spectrum of FCCH environmental characteristics and home environment with children's weight status, as well as other mediators including physical activity.
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14
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Zhong S, Chen L, Li X, Wang X, Ji G, Sun C, Liu Z. Bmp8a deletion leads to obesity through regulation of lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:824. [PMID: 37553521 PMCID: PMC10409762 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in regulating adipose has recently become a field of interest. However, the underlying mechanism of this effect has not been elucidated. Here we show that the anti-fat effect of Bmp8a is mediated by promoting fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation. Knocking out the bmp8a gene in zebrafish results in weight gain, fatty liver, and increased fat production. The bmp8a-/- zebrafish exhibits decreased phosphorylation levels of AMPK and ACC in the liver and adipose tissues, indicating reduced fatty acid oxidation. Also, Bmp8a inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes by activating the Smad2/3 signaling pathway, in which Smad2/3 binds to the central adipogenic factor PPARγ promoter to inhibit its transcription. In addition, lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Bmp8a in 3T3-L1 cells significantly increases NOD-like receptor, TNF, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, NF-κB interacts with PPARγ, blocking PPARγ's activation of its target gene Fabp4, thereby inhibiting adipocyte differentiation. These data bring a signal bridge between immune regulation and adipocyte differentiation. Collectively, our findings indicate that Bmp8a plays a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism and adipogenesis, potentially providing a therapeutic approach for obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenjie Zhong
- College of Marine Life Science and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Marine Life Science and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Marine Life Science and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- College of Marine Life Science and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guangdong Ji
- College of Marine Life Science and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chen Sun
- College of Marine Life Science and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Zhenhui Liu
- College of Marine Life Science and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Abdoli M, Scotto Rosato M, Cipriano A, Napolano R, Cotrufo P, Barberis N, Cella S. Affect, Body, and Eating Habits in Children: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3343. [PMID: 37571280 PMCID: PMC10420931 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review investigates the complex associations between children's affective states, body perceptions, and eating habits, thus providing crucial insights for potential health interventions. Following PRISMA guidelines, three databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies exploring the relationship between eating habits, emotional states, and body image perceptions in a population of children (5 to 11 years old). A total of seven articles were included. Our findings revealed a pattern of associations between negative emotional states, like anxiety and depressive feelings, and maladaptive eating behaviors. Additionally, explicit influences from parental feeding practices, peer pressure, socioeconomic factors, and children's body perceptions were observed to shape eating habits, with a pronounced tendency among older girls towards dieting and food preoccupation. Our results underline the intertwining nature of age, gender, and emotional states. Furthermore, our findings accentuate the urgency for comprehensive interventions that acknowledge and address the complex interplay of emotional, familial, and socioeconomic factors alongside children's body image perceptions. The criticality of continued research, particularly ones employing longitudinal designs and diverse demographic samples, is highlighted as we strive to understand and navigate such multifaceted relationships to enhance children's health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Abdoli
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.A.); (M.S.R.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Marco Scotto Rosato
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.A.); (M.S.R.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Annarosa Cipriano
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.A.); (M.S.R.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Rosanna Napolano
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.A.); (M.S.R.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Cotrufo
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.A.); (M.S.R.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Nadia Barberis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Stefania Cella
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.A.); (M.S.R.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (P.C.)
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Kim Y, Liao Y, Colabianchi N. Examining the Long-term Association Between Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Obesity and Obesity-related Unhealthy Behaviors Among Children: Results From the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:640-648. [PMID: 37000194 PMCID: PMC10354838 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature has focused on neighborhood environments and their possible impacts on obesity and obesity-related behaviors. However, few longitudinal studies have examined the effect of neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) on childhood obesity. PURPOSE Investigate the longitudinal association between nSES and obesity and obesity-related unhealthy behaviors. METHODS We obtained data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 2,072). The main exposure was nSES (measured using an index of five variables representing wealth, income, education, and occupation from the Decennial Census 2000) at ages 3, 5, and 9. The outcome was children's body mass index z-score (BMIz) at ages 5, 9, and 15. Three measures of obesity-related behaviors (i.e., child- or caregiver-reported soda/snack food intake, fast-food intake, and sedentary behaviors) at ages 5, 9, and 15 were included as mediators and outcomes. Cross-lagged path analyses were conducted. RESULTS Higher nSES at a previous wave was associated with consuming less soda/snack foods (βs = -0.15 to -0.11 [varying by ages], p < .05) and fast-food intake (βs = -0.21 to -0.14 [varying by ages], p < .01), and less frequent sedentary behaviors (βs = -0.14 to -0.06 [varying by ages], p < .01), but not with BMIz (βs = -0.08 to 0.05 [varying by ages], p > .05). Unhealthy behaviors did not mediate the nSES-BMIz association at alpha .05. CONCLUSION Health policies need to target low-socioeconomic neighborhoods to shape healthy lifestyles in children. To develop effective interventions, future research needs to examine comprehensive potential mediators like obesity-related parenting skills, home environments, and built and social environments on the risk of childhood obesity and obesity-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonwoo Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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Migueles JH, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Lubans DR, Henriksson P, Torres-Lopez LV, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Plaza-Florido A, Gil-Cosano JJ, Henriksson H, Escolano-Margarit MV, Gómez-Vida J, Maldonado J, Löf M, Ruiz JR, Labayen I, Ortega FB. Effects of an Exercise Program on Cardiometabolic and Mental Health in Children With Overweight or Obesity: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2324839. [PMID: 37498603 PMCID: PMC10375312 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.24839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Childhood obesity is a risk factor associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental disorders later in life. Investigation of the parallel effects of a defined exercise program on cardiometabolic and mental health in children with overweight or obesity may provide new insights on the potential benefits of exercise on overall health. Objective To investigate the effects of a 20-week exercise program on cardiometabolic and mental health in children with overweight or obesity. Design, Setting, and Participants This secondary analysis of a parallel-group randomized clinical trial was conducted in Granada, Spain, from November 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016. Data analyses were performed between February 1, 2020, and July 14, 2022. Children with overweight or obesity aged 8 to 11 years were eligible, and the study was performed in an out-of-school context. Intervention The exercise program included 3 to 5 sessions/wk (90 min/session) of aerobic plus resistance training for 20 weeks. The wait-list control group continued with their usual routines. Main Outcomes and Measures Cardiometabolic outcomes as specified in the trial protocol included body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, and visceral adipose tissue), physical fitness (cardiorespiratory, speed-agility, and muscular), and traditional risk factors (waist circumference, blood lipid levels, glucose levels, insulin levels, and blood pressure). Cardiometabolic risk score (z score) was calculated based on age and sex reference values for levels of triglycerides, inverted high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose, the mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. An additional cardiometabolic risk score also included cardiorespiratory fitness. Mental health outcomes included an array of psychological well-being and ill-being indicators. Results The 92 participants included in the per-protocol analyses (36 girls [39%] and 56 boys [61%]) had a mean (SD) age of 10.0 (1.1) years. The exercise program reduced the cardiometabolic risk score by approximately 0.38 (95% CI, -0.74 to -0.02) SDs; decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level by -7.00 (95% CI, -14.27 to 0.37) mg/dL (to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259), body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) by -0.59 (95% CI, -1.06 to -0.12), fat mass index by -0.67 (95% CI, -1.01 to -0.33), and visceral adipose tissue by -31.44 (95% CI, -58.99 to -3.90) g; and improved cardiorespiratory fitness by 2.75 (95% CI, 0.22-5.28) laps in the exercise group compared with the control group. No effects were observed on mental health outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, an aerobic plus resistance exercise program improved cardiometabolic health in children with overweight or obesity but had no effect on mental health. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02295072.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo H. Migueles
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Palo Alto Health Care System, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - David R. Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lucia V. Torres-Lopez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Rodriguez-Ayllon
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine
| | - Jose J. Gil-Cosano
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hanna Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - José Gómez-Vida
- Department of Pediatrics. San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - José Maldonado
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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18
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Pucci G, Martina MR, Bianchini E, D’abbondanza M, Curcio R, Battista F, Anastasio F, Crapa ME, Sanesi L, Gemignani V, Vaudo G. Relationship between measures of adiposity, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in adolescents. The MACISTE study. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1100-1107. [PMID: 37071447 PMCID: PMC10241423 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children and adolescents with adiposity excess are at increased risk of future cardiovascular (CV) disease. Fat accumulation promotes the development of elevated blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness, two main determinants of CV risk which are strongly inter-related. We aimed at investigating whether the association between overweight and arterial stiffness, taken at different arterial segments, is mediated by increased BP or is BP-independent. METHODS Three hundred and twenty-two Italian healthy adolescents (mean age 16.9±1.4 years, 12% with overweight) attending the "G. Donatelli" High School in Terni, Italy, underwent measurement of arterial stiffness by arterial tonometry (aortic stiffness) and semiautomatical detection of pressure-volume ratio of the common carotid (carotid stiffness). The mediator effect of BP was tested for each anthropometric or biochemical measure of fat excess related to arterial stiffness. RESULTS Both carotid and aortic stiffness showed positive correlations with body mass index, waist, hip, and neck circumferences (NC). Only carotid stiffness, but not aortic stiffness, was associated with serum markers of fat accumulation and metabolic impairment such as insulin, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (sGGT) and uric acid. The association with NC was stronger for carotid than for aortic stiffness (Fisher z -to- R 2.07, P = 0.04), and independent from BP. CONCLUSIONS In healthy adolescents, fat accumulation is associated with arterial stiffness. The degree of this association differs by arterial segments, since carotid stiffness is more strongly associated to adipose tissue excess than aortic stiffness and shows a BP-independent association with NC whereas aortic stiffness does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Pucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia – Unit of Internal Medicine, “Santa Maria” University Hospital, Terni
| | - Maria R. Martina
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Pisa
| | | | - Marco D’abbondanza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia – Unit of Internal Medicine, “Santa Maria” University Hospital, Terni
| | - Rosa Curcio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia – Unit of Internal Medicine, “Santa Maria” University Hospital, Terni
| | - Francesca Battista
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova
| | | | - Mariano E. Crapa
- U.O. Medicina Interna, Asl Taranto, Presidio Ospedaliero Occidentale, Castellaneta, Italy
| | - Leandro Sanesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia – Unit of Internal Medicine, “Santa Maria” University Hospital, Terni
| | - Vincenzo Gemignani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Pisa
| | - Gaetano Vaudo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia – Unit of Internal Medicine, “Santa Maria” University Hospital, Terni
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19
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Lemieux I, Després JP. Weight gain with age and coronary atherosclerosis: Only the tip of a deadly iceberg. Atherosclerosis 2023; 373:55-57. [PMID: 37142537 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lemieux
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; VITAM - Centre de recherche en santé durable, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, Québec, Canada
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20
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Štšepetova J, Rätsep M, Gerulis O, Jõesaar A, Mikelsaar M, Songisepp E. Impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Inducia on metabolic and antioxidative response in cholesterol and BMI variable indices: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Benef Microbes 2023; 14:1-16. [PMID: 36437811 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics may have potential in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in middle-aged persons with borderline metabolic indices. The ability of potential probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Inducia to reduce CVD risk factors in persons with variable cholesterol and body mass indices (BMI) was assessed. In two parallel-armed double-blind placebo-controlled interventions (n=136) and (n=104), participants daily received either test yoghurt (Inducia) or placebo yoghurt. BMI, blood pressure, plasma glucose, cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), oxidative stress and immunological markers were measured. Total counts of lactobacilli and L. plantarum Inducia were evaluated using real-time PCR. Significant reduction of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and non-high-density cholesterol occurred in both trials. The change in cholesterol (P=0.023) in persons with normal BMI and borderline cholesterol levels after four weeks of yoghurt consumption was detected. A difference was also found between placebo and test yoghurt groups (P=0.042) in LDL-c with normal BMI. Blood glucose reduction (P=0.01) and antioxidative effect was detected in overweight volunteers of the test yoghurt group. The suppression of oxidised LDL was associated with lowered oxidative stress index and total peroxide concentration values and faecal recovery of Inducia. The Inducia strain expresses antioxidative effect on blood lipids and has anti-glycaemic impact that allow to apply it as dietary probiotic supplement for the management of CVD risks in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Štšepetova
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Rätsep
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - O Gerulis
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Jõesaar
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Mikelsaar
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - E Songisepp
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
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21
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Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, Armstrong SC, Barlow SE, Bolling CF, Avila Edwards KC, Eneli I, Hamre R, Joseph MM, Lunsford D, Mendonca E, Michalsky MP, Mirza N, Ochoa ER, Sharifi M, Staiano AE, Weedn AE, Flinn SK, Lindros J, Okechukwu K. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Obesity. Pediatrics 2023; 151:e2022060640. [PMID: 36622115 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-060640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 210.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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22
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Impact of exposure to secondhand smoke on the risk of obesity in early adolescence. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:260-266. [PMID: 35963886 PMCID: PMC9375634 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) might be associated with obesity in children. This study aimed to evaluate whether continuous, quit, or start exposure to SHS was associated with obesity risk in early adolescents. METHODS We used population-based longitudinal data of primary school students in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan, in 2018 (4th grade) and 2020 (6th grade) and studied 3605 students. The association between continuous, quit, start, or never exposed to SHS from 4th to 6th grade and BMI categories (underweight or normal weight, overweight, obesity) in 6th grade was investigated using ordinal logistic regression models. RESULTS Continuous SHS group showed a higher risk of being in the high BMI category than no SHS group (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.16-1.96). The stratified analyses by sex showed a similar association in boys (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.25-2.44) but not in girls (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.74-1.76). Quitting SHS group did not show a higher risk of being in the high BMI category than no SHS group (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.75-1.66) and the same was true for boys (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.88-2.41). CONCLUSIONS Continuous SHS was a risk factor for obesity in boys in early adolescence; however, quitting SHS may help prevent it. IMPACT Continuous secondhand smoke (SHS) was not associated with a higher risk of obesity in early adolescence in girls. Continuous SHS can be a risk factor for obesity in early adolescence in boys. Quitting SHS may help to prevent obesity in early adolescence in boys.
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23
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Wu Y, Li Z, Du B, Ye Y, Wang H, Niu Y, Chen S, Wu Y, Jin H, Zhang X, Wang J, Sun K. Different Associations of Systolic Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index With Cardiac Structure and Function in Young Children. Hypertension 2022; 79:2583-2592. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Both elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and excess weight can lead to early cardiovascular organ damage in children. In this study, we investigated whether there is a difference in the associations of SBP and body mass index (BMI) with cardiovascular structure and function in 4-year-old children.
Methods:
In 1474 children (52.3% males) from the Shanghai Birth Cohort, physical examination and echocardiography were performed. Standardized linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations of BMI
Z
score and SBP
Z
score with cardiovascular parameters and to compare the strengths of these associations.
Results:
The incidence of SBP elevation significantly increased in overweight children. SBP was positively related to heart rate, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and fraction shortening (β=1.824 [95% CI, 1.014–2.634], 0.579 [0.294–0.864], and 0.480 [0.257–0.704], respectively). BMI
Z
score was positively associated with LV mass index (β=1.225 [0.863–1.587]) and the risk of LV hypertrophy (odds ratio=1.428 [1.157–1.761]) but negatively related to measures of systolic function, including LV ejection fraction, LV fraction short, and global longitudinal strain (β=−0.417 [−0.735 to −0.099], −0.302 [−0.551 to −0.053], and −0.392 [−0.621 to −0.163], respectively). No noteworthy additive or multiplicative interactions between BMI and SBP were detected.
Conclusions:
Elevations in both BMI and SBP were related to cardiac structure and function in children as young as 4 years old. Elevated SBP was associated with increased heart rate and LV ejection at the early stage of BP elevation. BMI showed a closer relationship with left heart diameters and geometry than SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Wu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (Yujian Wu, Z.L., B.D., H.W., Y.N., S.C., Yurong Wu, J.W., K.S.), Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Zhuoyan Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (Yujian Wu, Z.L., B.D., H.W., Y.N., S.C., Yurong Wu, J.W., K.S.), Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Bowen Du
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (Yujian Wu, Z.L., B.D., H.W., Y.N., S.C., Yurong Wu, J.W., K.S.), Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yujiao Ye
- Children's Heart Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Hualin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (Yujian Wu, Z.L., B.D., H.W., Y.N., S.C., Yurong Wu, J.W., K.S.), Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yiwei Niu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (Yujian Wu, Z.L., B.D., H.W., Y.N., S.C., Yurong Wu, J.W., K.S.), Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (Yujian Wu, Z.L., B.D., H.W., Y.N., S.C., Yurong Wu, J.W., K.S.), Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yurong Wu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (Yujian Wu, Z.L., B.D., H.W., Y.N., S.C., Yurong Wu, J.W., K.S.), Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health (H.J.), Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit (X.Z.), Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (Yujian Wu, Z.L., B.D., H.W., Y.N., S.C., Yurong Wu, J.W., K.S.), Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (Yujian Wu, Z.L., B.D., H.W., Y.N., S.C., Yurong Wu, J.W., K.S.), Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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24
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Tully L, Arthurs N, Wyse C, Browne S, Case L, McCrea L, O’Connell JM, O’Gorman CS, Smith SM, Walsh A, Ward F, O’Malley G. Guidelines for treating child and adolescent obesity: A systematic review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:902865. [PMID: 36313105 PMCID: PMC9597370 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.902865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that compromises the physical and mental health of an increasing proportion of children globally. In high-income countries, prevalence of paediatric obesity is increasing faster in those from marginalised populations such as low-income households, suggesting the disease as one that is largely systemic. Appropriate treatment should be prioritised in these settings to prevent the development of complications and co-morbidities and manage those that already exist. An array of clinical practice guidelines are available for managing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, but no systematic review has yet compared their quality or synthesised their recommendations. We aimed to narratively review clinical practice guidelines published in English for treating child and adolescent obesity, to identify the highest quality guidelines, and assess similarities, conflicts, and gaps in recommendations. We systematically searched academic databases and grey literature for guidelines published. We used the AGREE II tool to assess the quality, and identified nine high quality guidelines for inclusion in a narrative review of recommendations. Guidelines predominantly recommended the delivery of multi-component behaviour-change interventions aimed at improving nutrition and physical activity. Treatment outcomes were generally focussed on weight, with less emphasis on managing complications or improving quality-of-life. There was no evidence-based consensus on the best mode of delivery, setting, or treatment format. The guidelines rarely included recommendations for addressing the practical or social barriers to behaviour change, such as cooking skills or supervised physical activity. There is insufficient evidence to evaluate pharmaceutical and surgical interventions in children, and these were generally not recommended. It should be noted that this review addressed documents published in English only, and therefore the included guidelines were applicable predominantly to high-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Tully
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Arthurs
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland,W82GO Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathy Wyse
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Browne
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lucinda Case
- W82GO Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lois McCrea
- W82GO Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean M. O’Connell
- St. Columcille’s Hospital Weight Management Service, St.Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clodagh S. O’Gorman
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Susan M. Smith
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Walsh
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Population Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Ward
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace O’Malley
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland,W82GO Child and Adolescent Obesity Service, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland,*Correspondence: Grace O’Malley,
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25
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Liu Z, Yang L, Zhao M, Magnussen CG, Xi B. Weight status change from birth to childhood and high carotid intima-media thickness in childhood. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12927. [PMID: 35532009 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High birth weight or childhood overweight increases the risk of high carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in childhood. However, no studies have assessed the association between change in weight status from birth to childhood and cIMT in childhood. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between weight status change from birth to childhood and cIMT in childhood based on a population-based study of Chinese children. METHODS Data were from the Huantai Childhood Cardiovascular Health Cohort Study. A total of 1307 primary school children aged 6-11 years were included. Children were categorized into four groups based on their weight status at birth and at childhood: persistently normal weight, weight loss, weight gain, and persistently high weight. RESULTS Compared with children with persistently normal weight from birth to childhood, those with weight gain (odds ratio [OR] = 6.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.36-10.76) and persistently high weight (OR = 5.78, 95% CI = 2.60-12.82) had increased odds of high cIMT in childhood. In contrast, children who had high birth weight but became normal weight in childhood did not have significantly increased odds of high cIMT in childhood (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.28-5.67). CONCLUSIONS Overweight in childhood was associated with increased odds of high cIMT irrespective of birth weight status. The odds of high cIMT in childhood could be reversed if newborn with high birth weight become normal weight in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology/Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Public Health/Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Epidemiology/Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Public Health/Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology/Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Public Health/Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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26
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Cuda SE, Kharofa R, Williams DR, O'Hara V, Conroy R, Karjoo S, Paisley J, Censani M, Browne NT. Metabolic, behavioral health, and disordered eating comorbidities associated with obesity in pediatric patients: An Obesity Medical Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 3:100031. [PMID: 37990723 PMCID: PMC10662000 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) details metabolic, behavioral health, and disordered eating comorbidities associated with obesity in children. This CPS will be followed by a companion CPS covering further comorbidities, including genetics and social consequences related to overweight and obesity. These CPSs are intended to provide clinicians with an overview of clinical practices applicable to children and adolescents with body mass indices greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for their ages, particularly those with adverse consequences resulting from increased body mass. The information in this CPS is based on scientific evidence, supported by the medical literature, and derived from the clinical experiences of members of the OMA. Methods The scientific information and clinical guidance in this CPS is based upon referenced evidence and derived from the clinical perspectives of the authors. Results This OMA statement details metabolic, behavioral health, and disordered eating comorbidities associated with obesity in children. It provides clinical information regarding identifying and treating metabolic, behavioral health, and disordered eating comorbidities associated with obesity in children over the 95th percentile of weight/height for age. Conclusions This OMA clinical practice statement details metabolic, behavioral health, and disordered eating comorbidities associated with obesity in children and provides an overview of current recommendations. These recommendations lay out a roadmap to the improvement of the health of children and adolescents with obesity, especially those with metabolic, physiological, and psychological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E. Cuda
- Alamo City Healthy Kids and Families, 1919 Oakwell Farms Parkway, Ste 145, San Antonio, TX, 78218, USA
| | - Roohi Kharofa
- Center for Better Health & Nutrition, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Dominique R. Williams
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine Center for Healthy Weight and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive LA, Suite 5F, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Valerie O'Hara
- WOW 4 Wellness Clinic/ PCHC, 6 Telcom Drive, Bangor, ME, 04401, USA
| | - Rushika Conroy
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Baystate Children's Hospital Subspecialty Center, 50 Wason Avenue, Springfield, MA, 01107, USA
| | - Sara Karjoo
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Pediatric Gastroenterology, 501 6th Ave S St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Jennifer Paisley
- St Elizabeth Physician's Group Primary Care, 98 Elm Street, Lawrenceburg, IN, 47025-2048, USA
| | - Marisa Censani
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Box 103, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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27
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Migueles JH, Delisle Nyström C, Leppänen MH, Henriksson P, Löf M. Revisiting the cross-sectional and prospective association of physical activity with body composition and physical fitness in preschoolers: A compositional data approach. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12909. [PMID: 35212168 PMCID: PMC9539596 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information is limited for the benefits of physical activity (PA) in preschoolers. Previous research using accelerometer-assessed PA may be affected for multicollinearity issues. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the cross-sectional and prospective associations of sedentary behaviour (SB) and PA with body composition and physical fitness using compositional data analysis. METHODS Baseline PA and SB were collected in 4-year-old (n = 315) using wrist-worn GT3X+ during seven 24 h-periods. Body composition (air-displacement plethysmography) and physical fitness (PREFIT test battery) were assessed at baseline and at the 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Increasing vigorous PA at expenses of lower-intensity behaviours for 4-year-old was associated with body composition and physical fitness at cross-sectional and longitudinal levels. For example, reallocating 15 min/day from lower intensities to vigorous PA at baseline was associated with higher fat-free mass index (+0.45 kg/m2 , 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.18-0.72 kg/m2 ), higher upper-body strength (+0.6 kg, 95% CI: 0.1-1.19 kg), higher lower-body strength (+8 cm, 95% CI: 3-13 cm), and shorter time in completing the motor fitness test (-0.4 s, 95% CI: -0.82 to [-0.01] s) at the 12-month follow-up. Pairwise reallocations of time indicated that the behaviour replaced was not relevant, as long as vigorous PA was increased. CONCLUSIONS More time in vigorous PA may imply short- and long-term benefits on body composition and physical fitness in preschoolers. These findings using compositional data analysis corroborate our previously published results using isotemporal substitution models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo H. Migueles
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain,Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | | | - Marja H. Leppänen
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland,Folkhälsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden,Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
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Tong J, Li X, Liang X, Tang F, Ren Y, Hao G, Peng X, Luo S, Feng Y, Huang D, Zhao L, Liang X. The relationship of remnant cholesterol and abdominal obesity in children: A cross-sectional study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:929560. [PMID: 35966536 PMCID: PMC9363601 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.929560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies found that remnant cholesterol (RC) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and childhood obesity is associated with cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to explore the relationship between RC and abdominal obesity in children. Methods A total of 5,959 children, aged 6−12 years old, were selected from a cross-sectional study in urban-rural areas of Chongqing, China. RC was calculated by total cholesterol (TC)—high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) cholesterol—low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol and was divided into four groups by quartiles (Q1–Q4). Results Compared to children with the lowest RC (Q1), children with higher RC had significantly higher odds of abdominal obesity (Q2: OR = 1.450, 95% CI: 1.131−1.859, p < 0.05; Q3: OR = 2.127, 95% CI: 1.632−2.772, p < 0.001; Q4: OR = 2.386, 95% CI: 1.819−3.130, p < 0.001). In the stratified analyses by urban-rural areas, the odds ratios were greater in rural areas (Q2: OR = 2.228, 95% CI: 1.572−3.160, p < 0.001; Q3: OR = 3.668, 95% CI: 2.191−6.140, p < 0.001; Q4: OR = 6.490, 95% CI: 2.271−18.551, p < 0.001) than in urban areas (Q2: OR = 1.644, 95% CI: 1.192−2.266, p < 0.05; Q3: OR = 2.266, 95% CI: 1.667−3.082, p < 0.001; Q4: OR = 2.711, 95% CI: 2.005−3.665, p < 0.001). Conclusions Our study found that RC was positively correlated with abdominal obesity in children, and this association was higher for children living in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishuang Tong
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Shimian People's Hospital, Ya'an, China
| | | | - Xiaoyue Liang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Ren
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang Hao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Sunqing Luo
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Daochao Huang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Liang ,
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Duncombe SL, Barker AR, Bond B, Earle R, Varley-Campbell J, Vlachopoulos D, Walker JL, Weston KL, Stylianou M. School-based high-intensity interval training programs in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266427. [PMID: 35507539 PMCID: PMC9067698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE 1) To investigate the effectiveness of school-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions in promoting health outcomes of children and adolescents compared with either a control group or other exercise modality; and 2) to explore the intervention characteristics and process outcomes of published school-based HIIT interventions. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science from inception until 31 March 2021. Studies were eligible if 1) participants aged 5-17 years old; 2) a HIIT intervention within a school setting ≥ 2 weeks duration; 3) a control or comparative exercise group; 4) health-related, cognitive, physical activity, nutrition, or program evaluation outcomes; and 5) original research published in English. We conducted meta-analyses between HIIT and control groups for all outcomes with ≥ 4 studies and meta-regressions for all outcomes with ≥ 10 studies. We narratively synthesised results between HIIT and comparative exercise groups. RESULTS Fifty-four papers met eligibility criteria, encompassing 42 unique studies (35 randomised controlled trials; 36 with a high risk of bias). Meta-analyses indicated significant improvements in waist circumference (mean difference (MD) = -2.5cm), body fat percentage (MD = -1.7%), body mass index (standardised mean difference (SMD) = -1.0), cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD = +1.0), resting heart rate (MD = -5bpm), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (MD = -0.7), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD = -0.9) for HIIT compared to the control group. Our narrative synthesis indicated mixed findings between HIIT and other comparative exercise groups. CONCLUSION School-based HIIT is effective for improving several health outcomes. Future research should address the paucity of information on physical activity and nutrition outcomes and focus on the integration and long-term effectiveness of HIIT interventions within school settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42018117567.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Duncombe
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R. Barker
- Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Bert Bond
- Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Renae Earle
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jo Varley-Campbell
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline L. Walker
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn L. Weston
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michalis Stylianou
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Kruizinga MD, Houdijk EC, van der Kaay DC, van Berkel Y, Filippini L, Stuurman FE, Cohen AF, Driessen GJ, Kruizinga MD. Objective Home-Monitoring of Physical Activity, Cardiovascular Parameters, and Sleep in Pediatric Obesity. Digit Biomark 2022; 6:19-29. [DOI: 10.1159/000522185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Clinical research and treatment of childhood obesity is challenging, and objective biomarkers obtained in a home-setting are needed. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of novel digital endpoints gathered by a home-monitoring platform in pediatric obesity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this prospective observational study, 28 children with obesity aged 6–16 years were included and monitored for 28 days. Patients wore a smartwatch, which measured physical activity (PA), heart rate (HR), and sleep. Furthermore, daily blood pressure (BP) measurements were performed. Data from 128 healthy children were utilized for comparison. Differences between patients and controls were assessed via linear mixed effect models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Data from 28 patients (average age 11.6 years, 46% male, average body mass index 30.9) and 128 controls (average age 11.1 years, 46% male, average body mass index 18.0) were analyzed. Patients were recruited between November 2018 and February 2020. For patients, the median compliance for the measurements ranged from 55% to 100% and the highest median compliance was observed for the smartwatch-related measurements (81–100%). Patients had a lower daily PA level (4,597 steps vs. 6,081 steps, 95% confidence interval [CI] 862–2,108) and peak PA level (1,115 steps vs. 1,392 steps, 95% CI 136–417), a higher nighttime HR (81 bpm vs. 71 bpm, 95% CI 6.3–12.3) and daytime HR (98 bpm vs. 88 bpm, 95% CI 7.6–12.6), a higher systolic BP (115 mm Hg vs. 104 mm Hg, 95% CI 8.1–14.5) and diastolic BP (76 mm Hg vs. 65 mm Hg, 95% CI 8.7–12.7), and a shorter sleep duration (difference 0.5 h, 95% CI 0.2–0.7) compared to controls. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Remote monitoring via wearables in pediatric obesity has the potential to objectively measure the disease burden in the home-setting. The novel endpoints demonstrate significant differences in PA level, HR, BP, and sleep duration between patients and controls. Future studies are needed to determine the capacity of the novel digital endpoints to detect effect of interventions.
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Drenowatz C, Chen ST, Cocca A, Ferrari G, Ruedl G, Greier K. Association of Body Weight and Physical Fitness during the Elementary School Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063441. [PMID: 35329129 PMCID: PMC8951208 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Physical fitness and body weight are key correlates of health. Nevertheless, an increasing number of children display poor physical fitness and high body weight. The aim of this study was to examine the prospective association of physical fitness with body weight throughout the elementary school years with a special emphasis on children with high body weight or poor physical fitness at baseline. A total of 303 Austrian children (55.1% male) completed the German motor test up to eight times over a 4-year time span (between the ages 6 and 10 years). Physical fitness did not differ across quartiles of body weight at baseline. A more pronounced weight gain, however, was associated with an impaired development of physical fitness and this association was more pronounced in children with higher baseline body weight. In addition, the detrimental effects of an impaired development of physical fitness on subsequent body weight were more pronounced in children with higher baseline body weight. No differences in the longitudinal association between body weight and physical fitness, on the other hand, were observed across quartiles of baseline fitness. These results emphasize the importance of the promotion of physical fitness, particularly in children with increased body weight, to ensure future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-732-7470-7426
| | - Si-Tong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
| | - Armando Cocca
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innbruck, Austria; (A.C.); (G.R.); (K.G.)
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, El Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 7500618, Chile;
| | - Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innbruck, Austria; (A.C.); (G.R.); (K.G.)
| | - Klaus Greier
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innbruck, Austria; (A.C.); (G.R.); (K.G.)
- Division of Physical Education and Sports, University of Education Stams—KPH-ES, 6422 Stams, Austria
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Zheng R, Xu Y, Li M, Lu J, Xu M, Wang T, Zhao Z, Wang S, Lin H, Zhang X, Bi Y, Wang W, Ning G. Pan-risk factor for a comprehensive cardiovascular health management. J Diabetes 2022; 14:179-191. [PMID: 35224859 PMCID: PMC9060018 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the leading cause of death in China. CVDs are mainly caused by multiple well-known modifiable risk factors that are affected by socioeconomic and environmental determinants, lifestyle and behavioral choices, and familial and genetic predispositions. With more risk factors proved to be associated with CVD occurrence, the concept "pan-risk factor" is proposed in this review to indicate all discovered and yet-to-be-discovered CVD risk factors for comprehensive primary prevention of CVD. Recognizing more factors and their roles in CVD development and progression is the first step in reducing the ever-increasing burden of CVD. This review is an overview of the pan-risk factor whose associations with CVD outcomes have been established. Along with the accumulation of scientific evidence, an increasing number of risk factors will be discovered and included in the list of pan-risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine TumorState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine TumorState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine TumorState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine TumorState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine TumorState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine TumorState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine TumorState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuangyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine TumorState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine TumorState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine TumorState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine TumorState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine TumorState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine TumorState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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The Effects of a Preconception Lifestyle Intervention on Childhood Cardiometabolic Health—Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010041. [PMID: 35011603 PMCID: PMC8750944 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with adverse metabolic outcomes in her offspring, from the earliest stages of development leading to obesity and poorer cardiometabolic health in her offspring. We investigated whether an effective preconception lifestyle intervention in obese women affected cardiometabolic health of their offspring. We randomly allocated 577 infertile women with obesity to a 6-month lifestyle intervention, or to prompt infertility management. Of the 305 eligible children, despite intensive efforts, 17 in the intervention and 29 in the control group were available for follow-up at age 3–6 years. We compared the child’s Body Mass Index (BMI) Z score, waist and hip circumference, body-fat percentage, blood pressure Z scores, pulse wave velocity and serum lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations. Between the intervention and control groups, the mean (±SD) offspring BMI Z score (0.69 (±1.17) vs. 0.62 (±1.04)) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure Z scores (0.45 (±0.65) vs. 0.54 (±0.57); 0.91 (±0.66) vs. 0.96 (±0.57)) were similar, although elevated compared to the norm population. We also did not detect any differences between the groups in the other outcomes. In this study, we could not detect effects of a preconception lifestyle intervention in obese infertile women on the cardiometabolic health of their offspring. Low follow-up rates, perhaps due to the children’s age or the subject matter, combined with selection bias abating contrast in periconceptional weight between participating mothers, hampered the detection of potential effects. Future studies that account for these factors are needed to confirm whether a preconception lifestyle intervention may improve the cardiometabolic health of children of obese mothers.
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Dong Y, Bai L, Cai R, Zhou J, Ding W. Visceral adiposity index performed better than traditional adiposity indicators in predicting unhealthy metabolic phenotype among Chinese children and adolescents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23850. [PMID: 34903825 PMCID: PMC8668984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and unhealthy metabolic phenotype remained unclear in children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate their association and compared the ability of VAI and traditional adiposity indicators (body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio) to predict metabolically unhealthy phenotype among normal-weight, overweight and obese children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, 1722 children and adolescents aged 12-18 years were selected by cluster random sampling, underwent a questionnaire survey, physical examination and biochemical tests. Participants were divided into four phenotypes according to the combination of the weight status determined by body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome components. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to compare the predictive capacity between VAI and traditional adiposity indicators and their relationship with metabolically unhealthy phenotype. We found that VAI had better performance in predicting metabolically unhealthy phenotype than traditional adiposity indicators, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) were 0.808 and 0.763 for boys and girls with normal-weight, 0.829 and 0.816 for boys and girls with overweight and obese (all P < 0.001). VAI was most strongly related to metabolically unhealthy phenotype whether or not to adjust the age, the adjusted OR and 95%CI was 6.15 (4.13-9.14) in boys with normal weight, and 5.90 (3.06-11.36), 4.95 (2.35-10.41) in boys and girls with overweight and obese, respectively (all P < 0.001). Our findings suggested VAI could be used as a comprehensive predictor to identify unhealthy metabolic phenotype in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Dong
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ling Bai
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Rongrong Cai
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Wenqing Ding
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
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Ma Z, He J, Sun S, Lu T. Patterns and stability of food preferences among a national representative sample of young, middle-aged, and elderly adults in China: A latent transition analysis. Food Qual Prefer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Wang J, Wu Y, Du B, Li Z, Ye Y, Wang H, Niu Y, Chen Q, Zhang J, Chen S, Wu Y, Zhang X, Lu Y, Sun K. Growth patterns in early childhood and cardiovascular structure and function at 4 years old: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:3492-3501. [PMID: 34625356 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Childhood overweight and obesity are lifetime risk factors for cardiovascular disease but the relationship between dynamic body mass index (BMI) change and cardiovascular structure and function in early childhood remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS This cohort study consisted 525 participants with 6 distinct representative growth patterns to examine the associations between BMI growth patterns and subsequent cardiovascular structure and function at age 4. BMIs were obtained at birth, 2 and 4 years old. Cardiovascular assessments were performed, including blood pressure (BP), cardiac geometric parameters, left ventricular (LV) function, speckle-tracking, integrated backscatter analysis and carotid intima-media thickness. Compared to the stable normal BMI pattern, children with the stable overweight (OW) pattern had significantly greater LV anatomic parameters in fully adjusted models. Children with the catch-up (CU) pattern revealed a uniform trend and had poorer strain. LV diameters and integrated backscatter signals were larger for those with BMI gain and lose pattern. Children with BMI lose pattern showed improved tendency involving LV mass index and BP. Both OW and CU patterns were associated with high systolic BP [odds ratio (95% CI): OW: 3.67 (1.08, 12.47); CU: 4.24 (1.75, 10.28)]. Compared to static BMI measurements at birth, 2 and 4 years old, dynamic BMI growth patterns were more predictive of cardiovascular structure and function at 4. CONCLUSIONS Children with overweight-related BMI growth patterns in early childhood experienced undesirable cardiovascular functional or structural changes as early as 4 years old, indicating that early intervention is needed and potentially beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, 1655 Kongjiang Rd, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Yujian Wu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, 1655 Kongjiang Rd, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Du
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, 1655 Kongjiang Rd, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoyan Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, 1655 Kongjiang Rd, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiao Ye
- Children Heart Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, 290 Shayan West Second Street, 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, 1655 Kongjiang Rd, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Niu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, 1655 Kongjiang Rd, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, 1655 Kongjiang Rd, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, 1655 Kongjiang Rd, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, 1655 Kongjiang Rd, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Yurong Wu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, 1655 Kongjiang Rd, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, 1655 Kongjiang Rd, 200092 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanan Lu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, 1655 Kongjiang Rd, 200092 Shanghai, China.
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, 1655 Kongjiang Rd, 200092 Shanghai, China.
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O'Nunain K, Sanderson E, Holmes M, Davey Smith G, Richardson T. A genome-wide association study of childhood adiposity and blood lipids. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16928.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The rising prevalence of childhood obesity and dyslipidaemia is a major public health concern due to its association with morbidity and mortality in later life. Methods: In this study, we have conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for eight measures of adiposity and lipids in a cohort of young individuals (mean age 9.9) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). These measures were body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high- density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein B. We next undertook functional enrichment, pathway analyses and linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression to evaluate genetic correlations with later-life cardiometabolic diseases. Results: Using GWAS we identified 14 unique loci associated with at least one risk factor in this cohort of age 10 individuals (P<5x10-8), with lipoprotein lipid-associated loci being enriched for liver tissue-derived gene expression and lipid synthesis pathways. LD score regression provided evidence of various genetic correlations, such as childhood systolic blood pressure being genetically correlated with later-life coronary artery disease (rG=0.26, 95% CI=0.07 to 0.46, P=0.009) and hypertension (rG=0.37, 95% CI=0.19 to 0.55, P=6.57x10-5), as well as childhood BMI with type 2 diabetes (rG=0.35, 95% CI=0.18 to 0.51, P=3.28x10-5). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there are genetic variants inherited at birth which begin to exert their effects on cardiometabolic risk factors as early as age 10 in the life course. However, further research is required to assess whether the genetic correlations we have identified are due to direct or indirect effects of childhood adiposity and lipid traits.
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Li Y, Gao D, Yang Z, Ma Y, Chen M, Ma J, Dong Y, Dong B. Parental Adherence to Ideal Cardiovascular Health Status Was Associated With a Substantially Lower Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Their Offspring Aged 6-18 Years. Front Nutr 2021; 8:715171. [PMID: 34616763 PMCID: PMC8488122 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.715171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parental health status had a potential influence on offspring health. This study aimed to investigate the separate associations between paternal and maternal cardiovascular health statuses and the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the offspring. Methods: Data were from a cross-sectional study conducted in seven provinces or cities of China in 2013. A total of 29,317 children aged 6-18 years old and their parents, making up 9,585 father-offspring pairs and 19,732 mother-offspring pairs, were included in the final analysis. Information on parental cardiovascular health status factors (dietary behaviors, body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus) was obtained from the structured self-administrated questionnaires. Based on the health status factors, we then generated an ideal cardiovascular health (iCVH) score. The overweight and obesity of children were defined using age- and sex-specific cutoffs based on the International Obesity Task Force criteria. A multilevel log-binomial regression model was used to assess the association between parental cardiovascular health status and prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the offspring. Results: The prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity was 22.0% in the father-offspring subset and 23.8% in the mother-offspring subset, respectively. Fathers with ideal BMI, non-smoking, and absence of hypertension and diabetes, and mothers with ideal BMI, ideal physical activity, and absence of hypertension and diabetes were found to be associated with lower prevalence of overweight and obesity in the offspring. The prevalence of offspring overweight and obesity was significantly decreased with the parental iCVH scores increased. Each additional increase in paternal and maternal iCVH factor was associated with a 30% and 27% lower prevalence of overweight and obesity in the offspring. Compared with children whose parental iCVH scores ≤ 3, offspring whose fathers or mothers met all six iCVH factors had 67% [prevalence ratio (PR): 0.33, 95%CI: 0.25-0.42] and 58% (PR: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.29-0.62) lower prevalence of overweight and obesity, respectively. Conclusions: Parental adherence to iCVH status was associated with a lower prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity in offspring. Our findings support the intervention strategy that parents should involve in the obesity intervention program for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaogeng Yang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Kway YM, Thirumurugan K, Tint MT, Michael N, Shek LPC, Yap FKP, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, Fortier MV, Marx UC, Eriksson JG, Lee YS, Velan SS, Feng M, Sadananthan SA. Automated Segmentation of Visceral, Deep Subcutaneous, and Superficial Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Volumes in MRI of Neonates and Young Children. Radiol Artif Intell 2021; 3:e200304. [PMID: 34617030 DOI: 10.1148/ryai.2021200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To develop and evaluate an automated segmentation method for accurate quantification of abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) depots (superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue [SSAT], deep subcutaneous adipose tissue [DSAT], and visceral adipose tissue [VAT]) in neonates and young children. Materials and Methods This was a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data, which used abdominal MRI data from Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes, or GUSTO, a longitudinal mother-offspring cohort, to train and evaluate a convolutional neural network for volumetric AAT segmentation. The data comprised imaging volumes of 333 neonates obtained at early infancy (age ≤2 weeks, 180 male neonates) and 755 children aged either 4.5 years (n = 316, 150 male children) or 6 years (n = 439, 219 male children). The network was trained on images of 761 randomly selected volumes (neonates and children combined) and evaluated on 100 neonatal volumes and 227 child volumes by using 10-fold validation. Automated segmentations were compared with expert-generated manual segmentation. Segmentation performance was assessed using Dice scores. Results When the model was tested on the test datasets across the 10 folds, the model had strong agreement with the ground truth for all testing sets, with mean Dice similarity scores for SSAT, DSAT, and VAT, respectively, of 0.960, 0.909, and 0.872 in neonates and 0.944, 0.851, and 0.960 in children. The model generalized well to different body sizes and ages and to all abdominal levels. Conclusion The proposed segmentation approach provided accurate automated volumetric assessment of AAT compartments on MR images of neonates and children.Keywords Pediatrics, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, Water-Fat MRI, Image Segmentation, Deep and Superficial Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue, Visceral Adipose TissueClinical trial registration no. NCT01174875 Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshe Manuel Kway
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Kashthuri Thirumurugan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Mya Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Fabian Kok Peng Yap
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Marielle Valerie Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Ute C Marx
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Mengling Feng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
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Parent Involvement in Diet or Physical Activity Interventions to Treat or Prevent Childhood Obesity: An Umbrella Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093227. [PMID: 34579099 PMCID: PMC8464903 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parents substantially influence children’s diet and physical activity behaviors, which consequently impact childhood obesity risk. Given this influence of parents, the objective of this umbrella review was to synthesize evidence on effects of parent involvement in diet and physical activity treatment and prevention interventions on obesity risk among children aged 3–12 years old. Ovid/MEDLINE, Elsevier/Embase, Wiley/Cochrane Library, Clarivate/Web of Science, EBSCO/CINAHL, EBSCO/PsycInfo, and Epistemonikos.org were searched from their inception through January 2020. Abstract screening, full-text review, quality assessment, and data extraction were conducted independently by at least two authors. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of diet and physical activity interventions that described parent involvement, included a comparator/control, and measured child weight/weight status as a primary outcome among children aged 3–12 years old were included. Data were extracted at the level of the systematic review/meta-analysis, and findings were narratively synthesized. Of 4158 references identified, 14 systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses (eight treatment focused and six prevention focused) were included and ranged in quality from very low to very high. Our findings support the inclusion of a parent component in both treatment and prevention interventions to improve child weight/weight status outcomes. Of note, all prevention-focused reviews included a school-based component. Evidence to define optimal parent involvement type and duration and to define the best methods of involving parents across multiple environments (e.g., home, preschool, school) was inadequate and warrants further research. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018095360.
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Krochmal P, Cooper DM, Radom-Aizik S, Lu KD. US School-Based Physical Fitness Assessments and Data Dissemination. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2021; 91:722-729. [PMID: 34235722 PMCID: PMC9291210 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low physical fitness (PF) levels during childhood affect healthy growth and development, and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Physical education standards exist for nearly all states in the United States, but evaluation of PF in youth has yet to be systematic, reproducible, and harmonized. The purpose of this project was to describe publicly available data of school-based PF testing (SB-PFT). METHODS A list of state-mandated SB-PFT programs published by SHAPE 2016 was confirmed by contacting appropriate authorities. SB-PFT data were obtained through each state's department of education. RESULTS Sixteen states mandate SB-PFT, with 10 states providing publicly available data; 92% to 100% of states perform the pacer/mile, curl-up, and push-up; 54.2% to 78.5% of elementary and 44% to 66.5% of high-school youth are in the "healthy fitness zone" for aerobic capacity. CONCLUSIONS SB-PFT provided PF data in children across the United States. The variability and inconsistency in reporting and in the values, however, raises questions about the current status of SB-PFT data and its utility in assessing PF in children. The critical nature of PF assessments is highlighted in the current COVID-19 pandemic, during which physical education has been curtailed, and emerging data demonstrate worsening of the already low levels of PF in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Krochmal
- MD Candidate, , Albany Medical College, 174 Siesta Avenue, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
| | - Dan M Cooper
- Associate Vice Chancellor for Clinical and Translational Science, , Principal Investigator, UC Irvine CTSA; Professor of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine; Chair, University of California BRAID (Biomedical Research Acceleration, Integration, and Development), 101 Academy Way, Suite 150, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Shlomit Radom-Aizik
- Executive Director, Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 101 Academy Way, Suite 150, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Kim D Lu
- Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, , University of California, Irvine School of Medicine Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, 101 Academy Way, Suite 150, Irvine, CA 92617
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Time trends of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Kuwait over a 13-year period (2007-2019): repeated cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5318-5328. [PMID: 34342262 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine age-specific trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in Kuwait over a 13-year period (2007 to 2019) using the WHO, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) definitions. DESIGN Using cross-sectional approach, Kuwait Nutrition Surveillance System (KNSS) objectively measured weight and height of schoolchildren over a 13-year period. Log-binomial regression models were used to examine age-specific trends of obesity and overweight over the study period. SETTING Public primary, middle and high schools in all provinces of Kuwait. PARTICIPANTS Schoolchildren aged 5-19 years (n 172 603). RESULTS According to the WHO definition, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren, respectively, increased from 17·73 % and 21·37 % in 2007 to 20·19 % and 28·39 % in 2019 (Pfor trend < 0·001). There is evidence that the obesity in females (but not males) has levelled off in the period 2014-2019 according to the three definitions of obesity, which is corroborated by a similar trend in the mean of BMI-for-age Z-score. CONCLUSION The prevalence of obesity and overweight in schoolchildren in Kuwait has risen over the last 13 years and trends are similar across all definitions. Obesity is no longer increasing at the same pace and there is evidence that the prevalence of obesity in females has plateaued. The current level of childhood overweight and obesity is too high and requires community-based and school-based interventions.
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Temporal trends in food preferences and their association with overweight/obesity among children in China. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2021.100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Patterson WB, Glasson J, Naik N, Jones RB, Berger PK, Plows JF, Minor HA, Lurmann F, Goran MI, Alderete TL. Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants and early infant growth and adiposity in the Southern California Mother's Milk Study. Environ Health 2021; 20:67. [PMID: 34090448 PMCID: PMC8180163 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior epidemiological and animal work has linked in utero exposure to ambient air pollutants (AAP) with accelerated postnatal weight gain, which is predictive of increased cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence. However, few studies have assessed changes in infant body composition or multiple pollutant exposures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine relationships between prenatal residential AAP exposure with infant growth and adiposity. METHODS Residential exposure to AAP (particulate matter < 2.5 and 10 microns in aerodynamic diameter [PM2.5, PM10]; nitrogen dioxide [NO2]; ozone [O3]; oxidative capacity [Oxwt: redox-weighted oxidative potential of O3 and NO2]) was modeled by spatial interpolation of monitoring stations via an inverse distance-squared weighting (IDW2) algorithm for 123 participants from the longitudinal Mother's Milk Study, an ongoing cohort of Hispanic mother-infant dyads from Southern California. Outcomes included changes in infant growth (weight, length), total subcutaneous fat (TSF; calculated via infant skinfold thickness measures) and fat distribution (umbilical circumference, central to total subcutaneous fat [CTSF]) and were calculated by subtracting 1-month measures from 6-month measures. Multivariable linear regression was performed to examine relationships between prenatal AAP exposure and infant outcomes. Models adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, socioeconomic status, infant age, sex, and breastfeeding frequency. Sex interactions were tested, and effects are reported for each standard deviation increase in exposure. RESULTS NO2 was associated with greater infant weight gain (β = 0.14, p = 0.02) and TSF (β = 1.69, p = 0.02). PM10 and PM2.5 were associated with change in umbilical circumference (β = 0.73, p = 0.003) and TSF (β = 1.53, p = 0.04), respectively. Associations of Oxwt (pinteractions < 0.10) with infant length change, umbilical circumference, and CTSF were modified by infant sex. Oxwt was associated with attenuated infant length change among males (β = -0.60, p = 0.01), but not females (β = 0.16, p = 0.49); umbilical circumference among females (β = 0.92, p = 0.009), but not males (β = -0.00, p = 0.99); and CTSF among males (β = 0.01, p = 0.03), but not females (β = 0.00, p = 0.51). CONCLUSION Prenatal AAP exposure was associated with increased weight gain and anthropometric measures from 1-to-6 months of life among Hispanic infants. Sex-specific associations suggest differential consequences of in utero oxidative stress. These results indicate that prenatal AAP exposure may alter infant growth, which has potential to increase childhood obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Patterson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Jessica Glasson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Noopur Naik
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Roshonda B. Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Paige K. Berger
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jasmine F. Plows
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | | | - Michael I. Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Tanya L. Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
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Amaral GA, Alves JD, Honorio-França AC, Fagundes DL, Araujo GG, Lobato NS, Lima VV, Giachini FR. Interleukin 1-beta is Linked to Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight Adolescents. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:887-894. [PMID: 31738140 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191116141159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM We hypothesized that IL-1β concentrations are augmented in overweight adolescents, who do not display metabolic syndrome. Additionally, we aimed to correlate the IL-1β concentrations with several established risk factors for CVD. METHODS Overweight or control subjects, aging from 14-18 years, were classified according to their adjusted body mass index and evaluated for biochemical and anthropometric parameters. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β was assessed in the serum. RESULTS Increased body fat percentage, waist circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol, Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, Castelli I index, IL-1β, and IL-8 levels, were observed in overweight adolescents. No differences were observed in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glucose or High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Positive correlations between IL-1β with anthropometric and or biochemical parameters were found. CONCLUSION In conclusion, increased IL-1β levels correlate to dyslipidemic factors and may further support low-grade inflammation. IL-1β may further predict the early onset of cardiovascular disease in this population, taking into consideration its important regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele A Amaral
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, MT, Brazil.,UNIVAR – Araguaia Valley University Center, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Josilene D Alves
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, MT, Brazil
| | - Adenilda C Honorio-França
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, MT, Brazil
| | - Danny L Fagundes
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, MT, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Gomes Araujo
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, MT, Brazil
| | - Nubia S Lobato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Federal University of Goias, Jatai, Brazil
| | - Victor V Lima
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, MT, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, MT, Brazil
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Tocci ND, Collier SR, Meucci M. Measures of ejection duration and subendocardial viability ratio in normal weight and overweight adolescent children. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14852. [PMID: 33991440 PMCID: PMC8123553 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine how being overweight (OW) affects measures of ejection duration (ED), subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), and central arterial health in a sample of adolescent children. Thirty‐four sex and age‐matched adolescent children (n = 34, 17 OW, age = 14 ± 2 years) participated in one laboratory visit. Anthropometric measures, body composition, and cardiovascular measures including resting heart rate, aortic systolic blood pressure (ASBP), carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cf‐PWV), ED (EDms absolute vs. relative ED%), and the SEVR were ascertained. Transfer functions were applied to obtain ASBP. ED was measured as the time from the beginning of the upstroke of the pulse wave and the dicrotic notch, SEVR as the quotient of the diastolic pressure‐time area to the systolic pressure‐time area, and cf‐PWV as the quotient of distance between carotid‐femoral measurement sites and the transit time of the pulse wave. cf‐PWV was significantly higher in OW compared to normal weight participants (5.13 ± 0.85 vs. 4.53 ± 0.46 m/s respectively; p = 0.015, d = 0.51). OW adolescents also reported significantly higher values for ASBP (103.1 ± 11.8 vs. 95.7 ± 8.2 mmHg respectively; p = 0.043, d = 0.72) and significantly lower values of SEVR (114.4 ± 25.9% vs. 132.2 ± 22.0% respectively; p = 0.038; d = 0.33). Overweight adolescents demonstrated higher cf‐PWV, ASBP, and SEVR then normal weight peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Tocci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Scott R Collier
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Marco Meucci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
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Healthy Lifestyle Intervention and Weight Loss Improve Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Children with Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041301. [PMID: 33920831 PMCID: PMC8071179 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-month healthy lifestyle intervention based on diet plus physical activity on cardiovascular structure and function in children and adolescents with obesity; Methods: In this longitudinal study we assessed changes in anthropometric, biochemical and cardiovascular variables in 55 subjects with obesity (6–16 years) before and after a 12-month behavioral program based on Mediterranean diet plus exercise regimen. Subjects were divided in two groups based on negative change in BMI z-score ≥10% from baseline: weight losers (WL) and non-weight losers (NWL); Results: After 12 months, WL showed a significant improvement of metabolic parameters. Treatment was effective in increasing the mitral peak early diastolic velocity E and the E/A ratio. In subjects with a reduction of the number of NCEP-ATPIII metabolic syndrome criteria, lifestyle intervention reduced left ventricular area and volume. Intervention reduced carotid intima-media thickness in subjects showing a decrease of the systemic blood pressure; Conclusions: In children with obesity, cardiovascular impairment could be partially reversed by a healthy lifestyle intervention. To adopt prompt behavioral programs in childhood obesity is crucial both for prevention and treatment of precocious complications and could have an exponential impact on long-term morbidity and mortality.
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Childhood Obesity and Respiratory Diseases: Which Link? CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8030177. [PMID: 33669035 PMCID: PMC7996509 DOI: 10.3390/children8030177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of childhood obesity is progressively increasing, reaching worldwide levels of 5.6% in girls and of 7.8% in boys. Several evidences showed that obesity is a major preventable risk factor and disease modifier of some respiratory conditions such as asthma and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Co-occurrence of asthma and obesity may be due to common pathogenetic factors including exposure to air pollutants and tobacco smoking, Western diet, and low Vitamin D levels. Lung growth and dysanapsis phenomenon in asthmatic obese children play a role in impaired respiratory function which appears to be different than in adults. Genes involved in both asthma and obesity have been identified, though a gene-by-environment interaction has not been properly investigated yet. The identification of modifiable environmental factors influencing gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms may change the natural history of both diseases. Another important pediatric respiratory condition associated with obesity is Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB), especially Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). OSAS and obesity are linked by a bidirectional causality, where the effects of one affect the other. The factors most involved in the association between OSAS and obesity are oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and gut microbiota. In OSAS pathogenesis, obesity's role appears to be mainly due to mechanical factors leading to an increase of respiratory work at night-time. However, a causal link between obesity-related inflammatory state and OSAS pathogenesis still needs to be properly confirmed. To prevent obesity and its complications, family education and precocious lifestyle changes are critical. A healthy diet may lead to an improved quality of life in obese children suffering from respiratory diseases. The present review aimed to investigate the links between obesity, asthma and OSAS, focusing on the available evidence and looking for future research fields.
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Kanellopoulou A, Diamantis DV, Notara V, Panagiotakos DB. Extracurricular Sports Participation and Sedentary Behavior in Association with Dietary Habits and Obesity Risk in Children and Adolescents and the Role of Family Structure: a Literature Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:1-11. [PMID: 33595804 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Childhood obesity is considered a major problem in the modern world, associated with many health issues in youth. This review aimed the association between extracurricular sports participation, sedentary time/screen time, and "obesogenic" and "non-obesogenic" dietary habits among youth and to explore the role of family structure on the adoption of sedentary behaviors by children. RECENT FINDINGS Increased participation in extracurricular sports was associated with a healthier dietary pattern, containing more "non-obesogenic" food choices. Opposite results were indicated by sedentary activities. Increased time in watching TV, computer/electronic games, and other screen devices was positively associated with unhealthy dietary patterns. Overall, extracurricular activities influence the quality of food choices, which may prevent or promote childhood obesity; thus, sport-related activities should be promoted through public health policies. The role of the family structure is contradictory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Kanellopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou (Thiseos) Ave, Kallithea, 176 71, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios V Diamantis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou (Thiseos) Ave, Kallithea, 176 71, Athens, Greece
| | - Venetia Notara
- Department of Public and Community Health, Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou (Thiseos) Ave, Kallithea, 176 71, Athens, Greece. .,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, ACT, Canberra, Australia.
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Determinants of Intima-Media Thickness in the Young: The ALSPAC Study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:468-478. [PMID: 31607674 PMCID: PMC7851110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study characterized the determinants of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in a large (n > 4,000) longitudinal cohort of healthy young people age 9 to 21 years. BACKGROUND Greater cIMT is commonly used in the young as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, but its evolution at this age is still poorly understood. METHODS Associations between cardiovascular risk factors and cIMT were investigated in both longitudinal (ages 9 to 17 years) and cross-sectional (ages 17 and 21 years) analyses, with the latter also related to other measures of carotid structure and stress. Additional use of ultra-high frequency ultrasound in the radial artery at age 21 years allowed investigation of the distinct layers (i.e., intima or media) that may underlie observed differences. RESULTS Fat-free mass (FFM) and systolic blood pressure were the only modifiable risk factors positively associated with cIMT (e.g., mean difference in cIMT per 1-SD increase in FFM at age 17: 0.007 mm: 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.004 to 0.010; p < 0.001), whereas fat mass was negatively associated with cIMT (difference: -0.0032; 95% CI: 0.004 to -0.001; p = 0.001). Similar results were obtained when investigating cumulative exposure to these factors throughout adolescence. An increase in cIMT maintained circumferential wall stress in the face of increased mean arterial pressure when increases in body mass were attributable to increased FFM, but not fat mass. Risk factor-associated differences in the radial artery occurred in the media alone, and there was little evidence of a relationship between intimal thickness and any risk factor. CONCLUSIONS Subtle changes in cIMT in the young may predominantly involve the media and represent physiological adaptations as opposed to subclinical atherosclerosis. Other vascular measures may be more appropriate for the identification of arterial disease before adulthood.
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