1
|
Song Q, Shu X, Zhao Y, Ge N, Yue J. Association of handgrip strength asymmetry and weakness with depression among middle-aged and older population in China: A cohort study. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:401-408. [PMID: 39029688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handgrip strength (HGS) weakness and asymmetry were recently reported to be associated with age-related health conditions. However, little is known about their combined effects on depression. We aimed to explore the joint association of HGS asymmetry and weakness with depressive symptoms in Chinese middle and older aged population. METHODS 8700 participants aged ≥45 years were enrolled from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2015-2018). HGS weakness was determined as maximal HGS < 28 kg in males and <18 kg in females. HGS asymmetry was measured by HGS ratio and was defined using two different rules. Specifically, HGS ratio < 0.90 or >1.10 (10 % rule) and <0.80 or >1.20 (20 % rule) were considered as asymmetry. Participants were classified into four groups: normal and symmetric HGS, asymmetry only, weakness only, and both weakness and asymmetry. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, with scores ≥12 defined as depression. The logistic regression and multiple linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between HGS status and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The three-year incidence of depression was 19.2 %. After adjusting for covariates, compared to normal and symmetric HGS, participants with both HGS asymmetry and weakness showed the greatest risk of incident depression (10 % rule: OR 1.55, 95 % CI 1.19-2.02; 20 % rule: OR 1.71, 95 % CI 1.16-2.50). The coexistence of asymmetry and weakness was related to a significant increase in depression score (10 % rule: β 0.96, 95 % CI 0.38-1.54; 20 % rule: β 0.94, 95 % CI 0.08-1.81). The complete case analysis supported the results, and the associations were not modified by age, sex, and hand dominance. LIMITATIONS Depressive assessment was based on self-reported screening instrument. CONCLUSIONS The presence of both HGS asymmetry and weakness was associated with a higher risk of depression. Examining HGS asymmetry along with weakness may aid in identifying individuals at risk of depression to enable early interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quhong Song
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shu
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Ge
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jirong Yue
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deeg DJH, Hoogendijk EO, van Schoor NM, Schaap LA, Lima Passos V. Joint Trajectories of Performance-Based and Self-Reported Physical Functioning in Older Adults: A 20-Year Longitudinal Study in the Netherlands. J Aging Health 2024:8982643241273298. [PMID: 39167684 DOI: 10.1177/08982643241273298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The well-known disablement process has been conceptualized as a series of transitions between progressive states of functional decline. We studied joint patterns of change within disablement states defined as walking speed, grip strength, and self-reported disability. METHODS 1702 participants aged 65 and over were included from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, spanning seven waves over 20 years (1996-2016). Group-based multi-trajectory modeling yielded trajectory clusters (TCs) of different patterns of change, further characterized by baseline sociodemographic characteristics, physical and cognitive health, and survival rate. RESULTS Five TCs were identified, distinguished by increasing baseline age. Walking speed and disability showed generally concomitant trajectories. Women had poorer trajectories in grip strength than men, but not in walking speed and disability. Poor physical health distinguished especially the poorest, and cognitive impairment distinguished especially the one-before-poorest from the better TCs. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that the disablement states are not generally distinct or sequential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorly J H Deeg
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute/Ageing and Later Life Program, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emiel O Hoogendijk
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute/Ageing and Later Life Program, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute/Ageing and Later Life Program, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura A Schaap
- Faculty of Science, Department of Health Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute/Ageing and Later Life program, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valéria Lima Passos
- Maastricht University, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Methodology and Statistics, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu X, Jiang T, Jiang Y, Li L, Cao Y. Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and modifiable risk factors: A cross-sectional study in rural older adults with diabetes. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:549-556. [PMID: 39153464 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
To determine the prevalence and modifiable risk factors for MCI in older adults with T2DM in rural China. This cross-sectional study encompassed 96 villages, employing a cluster sampling approach to recruit eligible older adults with T2DM as study participants. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify modifiable risk factors associated with MCI. Average marginal effects were calculated. The discriminatory performance of these risk factors in identifying MCI was evaluated by plotting the receiver operating curve and calculating the value of the area under the curve. A total of 898 older adults with T2DM in our study. The overall prevalence of MCI was 50.22 %. Independent associations with MCI were found in poor self-management ability of diabetes (OR = 0.808, 95 % CI: 0.808, 0.766), depressive symptoms (OR = 3.500, 95 % CI: 1.933, 6.337), moderate (OR = 0.936, 95 % CI: 0.017, 0.075) and high (OR = 0.939, 95 % CI: 0.016, 0.100) levels of physical activity, poorer oral health (OR = 2.660, 95 % CI: 2.226, 3.179), and lower grip strength (OR = 0.913, 95 % CI: 0.870, 0.958). The AUC was 0.967 (95 % CI 0.508-0.470). The prevalence of MCI was high among older adults with T2DM in rural areas of China. The self-management ability of diabetes, depressive symptoms, physical activity, oral health and grip strength were modifiable risk factors of MCI. Targeted interventions should be developed and implemented to address these modifiable risk factors, aiming to enhance cognitive function and mitigate the incidence of MCI in older adults with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Liu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Tianshu Jiang
- Center for Economic Research, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Licheng District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Nursing Theory and Practice Innovation Research Center, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Nursing Theory and Practice Innovation Research Center, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yingjuan Cao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Nursing Theory and Practice Innovation Research Center, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui M, Wang J, Deng M, Meng H, Fan Y, Ku C, Wang R, Wu B, Dai M, Ping Z. Longitudinal relationship between grip strength and cognitive function in a European population older than 50 years: A cross-lagged panel model. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 122:105396. [PMID: 38484671 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic longitudinal relationship between grip strength and cognitive function. METHODS 6175 participants aged ≥50 years were included in the study using three waves of follow-up data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe in 2015 (T1), 2017 (T2) and 2019 (T3). Cognitive function was assessed using numeracy, verbal fluency, immediate recall, delayed recall and total. The cross-lagged panel model was used for analysis. RESULTS There was a correlation between grip strength and cognitive function. Standardized path coefficient from numeracy T1 to grip strength T2 was 0.017 (p = 0.003), and from numeracy T2 to grip strength T3 was 0.014 (p = 0.012). Standardized path coefficient from grip strength T1 to numeracy T2 was 0.096 (p < 0.001), and from grip strength T2 to numeracy T3 was 0.113 (p < 0.001). Other indicators of cognitive function had similar relationships with grip strength. CONCLUSIONS The study found a statistically significant longitudinal and bidirectional relationship between grip strength and cognitive function in a sample of people aged ≥50 years from several European countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Cui
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Miao Deng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hailan Meng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanshuai Fan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chaoyue Ku
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ruizhe Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Man Dai
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiguang Ping
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sepúlveda-Lara A, Sepúlveda P, Marzuca-Nassr GN. Resistance Exercise Training as a New Trend in Alzheimer's Disease Research: From Molecular Mechanisms to Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7084. [PMID: 39000191 PMCID: PMC11241132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a pathology characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal connections, which leads to gray matter atrophy in the brain. Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent type of dementia and has been classified into two types, early onset, which has been associated with genetic factors, and late onset, which has been associated with environmental factors. One of the greatest challenges regarding Alzheimer's disease is the high economic cost involved, which is why the number of studies aimed at prevention and treatment have increased. One possible approach is the use of resistance exercise training, given that it has been shown to have neuroprotective effects associated with Alzheimer's disease, such as increasing cortical and hippocampal volume, improving neuroplasticity, and promoting cognitive function throughout the life cycle. However, how resistance exercise training specifically prevents or ameliorates Alzheimer's disease has not been fully characterized. Therefore, the aim of this review was to identify the molecular basis by which resistance exercise training could prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Sepúlveda-Lara
- Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Paulina Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Zhu L, Zhang C, Zhao H, Wang W, Guo L, Lu C. The Grip Strength Loss Rate and the Subsequent Cognitive Decline Rate in Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Social Isolation. Innov Aging 2024; 8:igae055. [PMID: 39144546 PMCID: PMC11322675 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Accumulating evidence suggests that low grip strength (GS) is associated with a faster cognitive decline, but most previous studies have measured GS at a single time point, ignoring changes in GS. We aimed to explore the association of the GS loss rate with the sequent cognitive decline, as well as the moderating role of social isolation in older adults. Research Design and Methods Data were from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Absolute and relative GS loss rates were calculated as the annual losses from Wave 2 (2004-05) to Wave 4 (2008-09). Participants were divided into 3 groups according to the tertiles of GS loss rates. Linear mixed models were used to assess the association of the GS loss rate during Waves 2-4 with the cognitive decline rate during Waves 4-9 (Wave 9, 2018-19). Results Of the 4 356 participants included in analyses, 1 938 (44.5%) were men, with a mean age of 68.4 (SD: 8.4) years. Compared with Tertile 1 of the absolute GS loss rate, Tertile 2 (β = -0.009 [95% CI: -0.018 to -0.001] SD/year) and Tertile 3 (β = -0.018 [95% CI: -0.027 to -0.010] SD/year) were associated with a faster cognitive decline rate. The results of relative GS were similar to those of absolute GS. Social isolation was a significant modifier in the associations of the absolute GS loss rate with decline rates in global cognition and episodic memory, but not in temporal orientation. We did not observe that social isolation moderated the association of the relative GS loss rate with the cognitive decline rate. Discussion and Implications Both absolute and relative GS loss rates were positively associated with the cognitive decline rate in older adults. Low social isolation scores attenuated the association of the absolute GS loss rate with the cognitive decline rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwan Zhu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zevallos A, Pajuelo-Vásquez R, Camacho-Caballero K, Corcuera-Ciudad R, Goicochea-Romero P, Gutiérrez-Baca W, Chambergo-Michilot D, Parodi JF, Runzer-Colmenares FM. Evaluation of Factors Influencing Handgrip Strength Asymmetry in Older Peruvian Adults. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2024; 28:184-191. [PMID: 38486469 PMCID: PMC11217652 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.23.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a musculoskeletal disease involving the reduction of muscle mass, strength, and performance. Handgrip strength (HGS) measurements included in frailty assessments are great biomarkers of aging and are related to functional deficits. We assessed the association between potential influencing factors and HGS asymmetry in older Peruvian adults. METHODS We used a database of the Peruvian Naval Medical Center "Cirujano Santiago Távara" located in Callao, Peru. All the patients included were ≥60 years old and had an HGS measurement in the dominant and non-dominant hand. RESULTS From a total of 1,468 patients, 74.66% had HGS asymmetry. After adjustment, calf circumference weakness (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.15), falls risk (aPR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02-1.16), and an altered Lawton index (aPR=0.92; 95% CI, 0.84-0.99) were associated with HGS asymmetry. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that HGS asymmetry should be measured along with other geriatric assessments used to evaluate health outcomes in the elderly to enhance health promotion and prevention aimed at preserving muscle strength to curb functional limitations in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Zevallos
- CHANGE Research Working Group, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Renzo Pajuelo-Vásquez
- CHANGE Research Working Group, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Kiara Camacho-Caballero
- CHANGE Research Working Group, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Rodrigo Corcuera-Ciudad
- CHANGE Research Working Group, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Paola Goicochea-Romero
- CHANGE Research Working Group, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Wendy Gutiérrez-Baca
- CHANGE Research Working Group, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Diego Chambergo-Michilot
- CHANGE Research Working Group, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - José F. Parodi
- Centro de Investigación del Envejecimiento (CIEN), Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
| | - Fernando M. Runzer-Colmenares
- CHANGE Research Working Group, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gökçe E, Kaushal N, Fontanille T, Vrinceanu T, Saillant K, Vints WAJ, Freret T, Gauthier A, Bherer L, Langeard A. The mediating role of lower body muscle strength and IGF-1 level in the relationship between age and cognition. A MIDUS substudy. Exp Gerontol 2024; 189:112399. [PMID: 38484906 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aging is a natural process associated with a decline in cognition. However, the mediating effect of physical function and circulating myokines on this relationship has yet to be fully clarified. This study investigated how muscle strength and circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels mediate the relationship between age and cognitive functions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 1255 participants aged 25-74 years included in the Midlife in the United States II study were retrospectively analyzed. In this cross-sectional analysis, we applied a serial mediation model to explore the mediating effects of muscle strength and circulating IGF-1 levels on the relationship between age and cognitive functions. We included potential confounding factors related to sociodemographics, lifestyle, and health status as covariates in the model. RESULTS The results showed that aging had both direct and indirect effects on cognition. As predicted, muscle strength and IGF-1 levels mediated the relationship between age and specific cognitive functions. In addition, mediation analyses indicated that the association between aging and cognitive flexibility, immediate and delayed memory, and inductive reasoning were partially mediated by muscle strength and IGF-1 levels in a serial manner. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the serial multiple mediation roles of muscle strength and IGF-1 levels on the relationship between age and specific cognitive functions. Further longitudinal research should be performed to confirm the serial mediation results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Gökçe
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, Caen, France.
| | - Navin Kaushal
- School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indiana, USA
| | - Theo Fontanille
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, Caen, France
| | - Tudor Vrinceanu
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kathia Saillant
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wouter A J Vints
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Freret
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Gauthier
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, Caen, France
| | - Louis Bherer
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Antoine Langeard
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu Y, Wang Z, Fang Y. Association of Performance on Multiple Cognitive Domains with Sarcopenia among Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2024; 53:162-167. [PMID: 38593753 DOI: 10.1159/000538751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between cognitive function and subsequent sarcopenia remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the associations of performance on multiple cognitive domains with sarcopenia in the middle-aged and older adults. METHODS This longitudinal analysis (wave 2011-2013) included 2,934 participants from the CHARLS study. Sarcopenia was defined by the Asian Sarcopenia Working Group 2019 criteria. Cognitive function was measured by the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Three interpretable techniques, namely SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and two built-in methods (coefficients of logistic regression and Gini importance of random forest), were used to assess the relationship between MMSE, its components (orientation, attention, episodic memory, and visuospatial ability) and sarcopenia. In addition, the association of MMSE score and its components with sarcopenia was further validated using stepwise regression. RESULTS All interpretable methods showed that MMSE score was important predictors of sarcopenia, especially the SHAP (MMSE score ranked top one). For its components, episodic memory, visuospatial ability, and attention showed high predictive value compared with orientation. Stepwise regression analyses showed that MMSE score and its components of episodic memory and visuospatial ability were correlated with sarcopenia, with their odds ratios of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91-0.96, p < 0.001), 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82-0.93, p < 0.001), and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.05-1.65, p = 0.016), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Better cognitive function especially episodic memory and visuospatial ability was negatively associated with incident sarcopenia among community middle-aged and older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wu
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,
| | - Zongjie Wang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ya Fang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carson RG, Berdondini D, Crosbie M, McConville C, Forbes S, Stewart M, Chiu RZX. Deficits in force production during multifinger tasks demarcate cognitive dysfunction. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:87. [PMID: 38578525 PMCID: PMC10997684 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multifinger force deficit (MFFD) is the decline in force generated by each finger as the number of fingers contributing to an action is increased. It has been shown to associate with cognitive status. AIMS The aim was to establish whether a particularly challenging form of multifinger grip dynamometry, that provides minimal tactile feedback via cutaneous receptors and requires active compensation for reaction forces, will yield an MFFD that is more sensitive to cognitive status. METHODS Associations between measures of motor function, and cognitive status (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) and latent components of cognitive function (derived from 11 tests using principal component analysis), were estimated cross-sectionally using generalized partial rank correlations. The participants (n = 62) were community dwelling, aged 65-87. RESULTS Approximately half the participants were unable to complete the dynamometry task successfully. Cognitive status demarcated individuals who could perform the task from those who could not. Among those who complied with the task requirements, the MFFD was negatively correlated with MoCA scores-those with the highest MoCA scores tended to exhibit the smallest deficits, and vice versa. There were corresponding associations with latent components of cognitive function. DISCUSSION The results support the view that neurodegenerative processes that are a feature of normal and pathological aging exert corresponding effects on expressions of motor coordination-in multifinger tasks, and cognitive sufficiency, due to their dependence on shared neural systems. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes add weight to the assertion that deficits in force production during multifinger tasks are sensitive to cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Carson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Debora Berdondini
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Maebh Crosbie
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Caoilan McConville
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Shannon Forbes
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marla Stewart
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ruth Zhi Xian Chiu
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Baumgartner NW, Kao SC. Size or Strength? how components of muscle relate to behavioral and neuroelectric measures of executive function independent of aerobic fitness. Brain Cogn 2024; 175:106139. [PMID: 38364518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
While previous research has linked cognitive function with resistance exercise, the nuanced links between muscle strength, mass, and neuroelectric function are less understood. Therefore, this study investigated the association of muscle strength and mass with inhibitory control (IC), working memory (WM), and related neuroelectric activity. A total of 123 18-50-year-old adults completed maximal aerobic capacity and strength tests, a body composition scan, and IC and WM tasks while the N2 and P3 components of event-related potentials were recorded. Bivariate correlations revealed aerobic fitness, strength, and mass were associated with behavioral and neuroelectric outcomes. After accounting for age, sex, and aerobic fitness, strength was associated with intra-individual response time variability, accuracy, and P3 latency during WM. Muscle mass was associated with N2 latency during IC. While relationships with behavioral outcomes did not persist after controlling for the opposite muscle outcome, greater strength and mass were related to shorter P3 latency during WM and shorter N2 latency during IC, respectively. These results provide initial evidence that muscle outcomes are associated with executive function and neuroelectric processing speed, suggesting distinct contributions of strength and mass to cognition. This work highlights the significance of maintaining muscle strength and mass alongside aerobic fitness for optimal cognitive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Baumgartner
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Shih-Chun Kao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chong JSX, Chua KY, Ng KK, Chong SW, Leong RLF, Chee MWL, Koh WP, Zhou JH. Higher handgrip strength is linked to higher salience ventral attention functional network segregation in older adults. Commun Biol 2024; 7:214. [PMID: 38383572 PMCID: PMC10881588 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence suggests that handgrip strength is linked to cognition in older adults, and this may be subserved by shared age-related changes in brain function and structure. However, the interplay among handgrip strength, brain functional connectivity, and cognitive function remains poorly elucidated. Hence, our study sought to examine these relationships in 148 community-dwelling older adults. Specifically, we examined functional segregation, a measure of functional brain organization sensitive to ageing and cognitive decline, and its associations with handgrip strength and cognitive function. We showed that higher handgrip strength was related to better processing speed, attention, and global cognition. Further, higher handgrip strength was associated with higher segregation of the salience/ventral attention network, driven particularly by higher salience/ventral attention intra-network functional connectivity of the right anterior insula to the left posterior insula/frontal operculum and right midcingulate/medial parietal cortex. Importantly, these handgrip strength-related inter-individual differences in salience/ventral attention network functional connectivity were linked to cognitive function, as revealed by functional decoding and brain-cognition association analyses. Our findings thus highlight the importance of the salience/ventral attention network in handgrip strength and cognition, and suggest that inter-individual differences in salience/ventral attention network segregation and intra-network connectivity could underpin the handgrip strength-cognition relationship in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Su Xian Chong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Yiqiang Chua
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwun Kei Ng
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shin Wee Chong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruth L F Leong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woon Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan Helen Zhou
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sala G, Nishita Y, Tange C, Zhang S, Ando F, Shimokata H, Otsuka R, Arai H. Differential Longitudinal Associations Between Domains of Cognitive Function and Physical Function: A 20-Year Follow-Up Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbad156. [PMID: 37850300 PMCID: PMC10745265 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive and physical functions are both associated with disability and death. Recent studies have addressed the relationship between cognitive declines and physical declines; however, whether various facets of cognition are diversely associated with specific physical functions is yet to be ascertained. The present work examines the longitudinal associations between fluid and crystallized cognitive functions (Gf and Gc) and physical functions. METHODS The sample consisted of 863 community-dwelling older adults (baseline age 60-79 years) from the National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging. The participants were tested on a set of Gf and Gc tests and physical tests (grip strength and gait speed). We ran a series of Multivariate Latent Growth Curve models. Specifically, we tested the relationship between cognitive and physical functions in terms of baseline performance (intercept) and rate of change (slope). RESULTS The slope-slope correlations between Gf and physical function were large (grip strength r = 0.64 and gait speed r = 0.68, ps < .001). By contrast, the slope correlations between Gc and physical functions were weak (rs ≤ 0.31) and barely or marginally significant (ps ≤ .06). DISCUSSION The results show that distinct domains of cognitive functions have different associations with physical functions. Namely, the aging-associated declines in the tested physical functions are robustly correlated with the declines in Gf, but are only weakly correlated with the declines in Gc. Therefore, Gc measures may be poor proxies for the patient's frailty and should be considered with caution in clinical assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sala
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishita
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chikako Tange
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fujiko Ando
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rei Otsuka
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Morera Á, Calatayud J, Casaña J, Núñez-Cortés R, Andersen LL, López-Bueno R. Handgrip strength and work limitations: A prospective cohort study of 70,820 adults aged 50 and older. Maturitas 2023; 177:107798. [PMID: 37481913 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between handgrip strength and the incidence of work limitations in European adults aged 50 and older. We conducted a prospective cohort study among adults aged 50 and older from 27 European countries and Israel. Data were collected from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) waves 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Handgrip strength was measured using a hand dynamometer (Smedley, S Dynamometer, TTM) and participants replied to questions about work limitations. Cox regression was conducted for statistical analyses. A total of 70,820 older adults (mean age 61 ± 7.7 years; 54.3 % women) were followed during a mean of 3.8 ± 2.9 years. The fully adjusted model showed that participants with low handgrip strength (<16 kg in women and <27 kg in men) had a significantly higher risk of work limitations compared with participants with normal values of handgrip strength (hazard ratio: 1.36; 95 % confidence interval: 1.28-1.44). Kaplan-Meier trajectories revealed that the survival probability to experience work limitations in the normal handgrip category was 20 % lower than in the low handgrip category in most of the follow-up period. We identified low level of handgrip strength as a risk factor for work limitations in adults aged 50 years or older. This could be used as an accessible measure to screen workers at risk of developing work limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Morera
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - José Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lars L Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zou L, Herold F, Ludyga S, Kamijo K, Müller NG, Pontifex MB, Heath M, Kuwamizu R, Soya H, Hillman CH, Ando S, Alderman BL, Cheval B, Kramer AF. Look into my eyes: What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance? JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:568-591. [PMID: 37148971 PMCID: PMC10466196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that drive the positive associations of physical activity and fitness with measures of cognitive performance. To better understand those mechanisms, several studies have employed eye-based measures (e.g., eye movement measures such as saccades, pupillary measures such as pupil dilation, and vascular measures such as retinal vessel diameter) deemed to be proxies for specific neurobiological mechanisms. However, there is currently no systematic review providing a comprehensive overview of these studies in the field of exercise-cognition science. Thus, this review aimed to address that gap in the literature. METHODS To identify eligible studies, we searched 5 electronic databases on October 23, 2022. Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise (TESTEX scale, for interventional studies) and the critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute (for cross-sectional studies). RESULTS Our systematic review (n = 35 studies) offers the following main findings: (a) there is insufficient evidence available to draw solid conclusions concerning gaze-fixation-based measures; (b) the evidence that pupillometric measures, which are a proxy for the noradrenergic system, can explain the positive effect of acute exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive performance is mixed; (c) physical training- or fitness-related changes of the cerebrovascular system (operationalized via changes in retinal vasculature) are, in general, positively associated with cognitive performance improvements; (d) acute and chronic physical exercises show a positive effect based on an oculomotor-based measure of executive function (operationalized via antisaccade tasks); and (e) the positive association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance is partly mediated by the dopaminergic system (operationalized via spontaneous eye-blink rate). CONCLUSION This systematic review offers confirmation that eye-based measures can provide valuable insight into the neurobiological mechanisms that may drive positive associations between physical activity and fitness and measures of cognitive performance. However, due to the limited number of studies utilizing specific methods for obtaining eye-based measures (e.g., pupillometry, retinal vessel analysis, spontaneous eye blink rate) or investigating a possible dose-response relationship, further research is necessary before more nuanced conclusions can be drawn. Given that eye-based measures are economical and non-invasive, we hope this review will foster the future application of eye-based measures in the field of exercise-cognition science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany.
| | - Fabian Herold
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland
| | - Keita Kamijo
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Nagoya 466-8666, Japan
| | - Notger G Müller
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Matthew B Pontifex
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Matthew Heath
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ryuta Kuwamizu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Brandon L Alderman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland; Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Griffiths J, Seesen M, Sirikul W, Siviroj P. The Relationship between Handgrip Strength, Timed Up-and-Go, and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older People during COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050410. [PMID: 37232647 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown restrictions affected physical performance and cognitive function in older people as they were confined to their homes. There is an association between physical and cognitive functions. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a condition that risks progressing to dementia. This study aimed to identify the relationship between handgrip strength (HGS), Timed Up-and-Go (TUG), and MCI in older people during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. The cross-sectional study recruited 464 eligible participants for an interview and anthropometric measurement. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B), HGS, and TUG were measured in addition to demographic and health characteristics. A total of 398 participants (85.8%) were found to have MCI when screened with the MoCA-B. Their mean age was 71.09 ± 5.81 years. Forward multiple regression analysis demonstrated that HGS (β = 0.032, p < 0.001), education level (β = 2.801, p < 0.001), TUG (β = -0.022, p = 0.013), Thai Geriatric Depression Score, TGDS (β = -0.248, p = 0.011), and age (β = -1.677, p = 0.019) were associated with MCI. A decrease in HGS and an increased TUG might allow for the early detection of MCI and promote physical training in order to reduce the risk of MCI. Further studies can investigate multidomain indicators for MCI, for example, fine motor skills and pinch strength as components of the motor abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiranan Griffiths
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mathuramat Seesen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wachiranun Sirikul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Data Analytics and Knowledge Synthesis for Health Care, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Penprapa Siviroj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Power MC, Engelman BC, Wei J, Glymour MM. Closing the Gap Between Observational Research and Randomized Controlled Trials for Prevention of Alzheimer Disease and Dementia. Epidemiol Rev 2022; 44:17-28. [PMID: 35442427 PMCID: PMC10362937 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although observational studies have identified modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD), randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of risk factor modification for ADRD prevention have been inconsistent or inconclusive. This finding suggests a need to improve translation between observational studies and RCTs. However, many common features of observational studies reduce their relevance to designing related RCTs. Observational studies routinely differ from RCTs with respect to eligibility criteria, study population, length of follow-up, treatment conditions, outcomes, and effect estimates. Using the motivating example of blood pressure reduction for ADRD prevention, we illustrate the need for a tighter connection between observational studies and RCTs, discuss barriers to using typically reported observational evidence in developing RCTs, and highlight methods that may be used to make observational research more relevant to clinical trial design. We conclude that the questions asked and answered by observational research can be made more relevant to clinical trial design and that better use of observational data may increase the likelihood of successful, or at least definitive, trials. Although we focus on improving translation of observational studies on risk factors for ADRD to RCTs in ADRD prevention, the overarching themes are broadly applicable to many areas of biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda C Power
- Correspondence to Melinda C. Power, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20052 (e-mail: )
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pellecchia A, Kritikos M, Guralnik J, Ahuvia I, Santiago-Michels S, Carr M, Kotov R, Bromet EJ, Clouston SAP, Luft BJ. Physical Functional Impairment and the Risk of Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment in an Observational Study of World Trade Center Responders. Neurol Clin Pract 2022; 12:e162-e171. [PMID: 36540142 PMCID: PMC9757114 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to increased risk of cognitive dysfunction and physical functional impairment (PFI). The objective of this prospective cohort study was to examine whether PFI was associated with increased risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among World Trade Center (WTC) responders with PTSD. We hypothesized that responders with PTSD would have an elevated risk of incident MCI and that PFI would mediate this increase. Methods We examined responder participants in the WTC Aging Study whose baseline physical assessments were completed by May 2016-April 2017 and were followed up at least once before December 2019. Those without complete demographic, medical, or behavioral data were excluded. PFI was assessed using measures of upper body strength (maximal handgrip strength [HGS]) and lower extremity physical functioning (Short Physical Performance Battery). PTSD was rated using a diagnostic interview and symptom checklist; MCI and dementia were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and diagnosed using the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria. Group differences and longitudinal comparisons were examined. Cox proportional hazards models were evaluated from time to incident MCI and conversion to dementia. A mediation analysis examined whether PFI mediated associations between PTSD and MCI. Results Within the sample of 2,687 WTC responders, 324 (12.06%, 95% CI = [10.83-13.29]) had lower extremity PFI. Responders with lower extremity PFI were older, had lower education and higher body mass, and were at a higher risk of pulmonary embolisms and PTSD. Responders with lower extremity PFI demonstrated lower baseline cognition and had increased hazards of MCI (multivariable-adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] = 1.55 [95% CI 1.21-1.98]); those with MCI converted to dementia more rapidly than those without PFI (2.73 [1.38-5.39] p = 0.004). In addition, each standard deviation decrease in HGS was associated with increased hazards of developing MCI (aHR = 1.35 [95% CI 1.10-1.66]). A mediation model suggested PFI played an intermediary role in the relationship between PTSD and MCI. Discussion WTC responders with PFI demonstrated worse cognitive and behavioral outcomes, and PFI played an intermediary role in the relationship between PTSD and incident MCI, suggesting that PFI may be an early indicator of MCI in responders with PTSD. Regular monitoring of PFI should be considered among PTSD populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Pellecchia
- Stony Brook World Trade Center Wellness Program (AP, SS-M, MC, SAPC, BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Program in Public Health and Department of Family (MK, SAPC), Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (JG), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychology (IA), Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Psychiatry (RK, EJB), Stony Brook University, NY; and Department of Medicine (BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY
| | - Minos Kritikos
- Stony Brook World Trade Center Wellness Program (AP, SS-M, MC, SAPC, BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Program in Public Health and Department of Family (MK, SAPC), Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (JG), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychology (IA), Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Psychiatry (RK, EJB), Stony Brook University, NY; and Department of Medicine (BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY
| | - Jack Guralnik
- Stony Brook World Trade Center Wellness Program (AP, SS-M, MC, SAPC, BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Program in Public Health and Department of Family (MK, SAPC), Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (JG), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychology (IA), Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Psychiatry (RK, EJB), Stony Brook University, NY; and Department of Medicine (BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY
| | - Isaac Ahuvia
- Stony Brook World Trade Center Wellness Program (AP, SS-M, MC, SAPC, BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Program in Public Health and Department of Family (MK, SAPC), Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (JG), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychology (IA), Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Psychiatry (RK, EJB), Stony Brook University, NY; and Department of Medicine (BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY
| | - Stephanie Santiago-Michels
- Stony Brook World Trade Center Wellness Program (AP, SS-M, MC, SAPC, BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Program in Public Health and Department of Family (MK, SAPC), Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (JG), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychology (IA), Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Psychiatry (RK, EJB), Stony Brook University, NY; and Department of Medicine (BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY
| | - Melissa Carr
- Stony Brook World Trade Center Wellness Program (AP, SS-M, MC, SAPC, BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Program in Public Health and Department of Family (MK, SAPC), Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (JG), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychology (IA), Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Psychiatry (RK, EJB), Stony Brook University, NY; and Department of Medicine (BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY
| | - Roman Kotov
- Stony Brook World Trade Center Wellness Program (AP, SS-M, MC, SAPC, BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Program in Public Health and Department of Family (MK, SAPC), Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (JG), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychology (IA), Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Psychiatry (RK, EJB), Stony Brook University, NY; and Department of Medicine (BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY
| | - Evelyn J Bromet
- Stony Brook World Trade Center Wellness Program (AP, SS-M, MC, SAPC, BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Program in Public Health and Department of Family (MK, SAPC), Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (JG), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychology (IA), Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Psychiatry (RK, EJB), Stony Brook University, NY; and Department of Medicine (BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY
| | - Sean A P Clouston
- Stony Brook World Trade Center Wellness Program (AP, SS-M, MC, SAPC, BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Program in Public Health and Department of Family (MK, SAPC), Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (JG), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychology (IA), Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Psychiatry (RK, EJB), Stony Brook University, NY; and Department of Medicine (BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY
| | - Benjamin J Luft
- Stony Brook World Trade Center Wellness Program (AP, SS-M, MC, SAPC, BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Program in Public Health and Department of Family (MK, SAPC), Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (JG), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychology (IA), Stony Brook University, NY; Department of Psychiatry (RK, EJB), Stony Brook University, NY; and Department of Medicine (BJL), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, NY
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dresp-Langley B. Grip force as a functional window to somatosensory cognition. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1026439. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1026439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of grip force signals tailored to hand and finger movement evolution and changes in grip force control during task execution provide unprecedented functional insight into somatosensory cognition. Somatosensory cognition is the basis of our ability to act upon and to transform the physical world around us, to recognize objects on the basis of touch alone, and to grasp them with the right amount of force for lifting and manipulating them. Recent technology has permitted the wireless monitoring of grip force signals recorded from biosensors in the palm of the human hand to track and trace human grip forces deployed in cognitive tasks executed under conditions of variable sensory (visual, auditory) input. Non-invasive multi-finger grip force sensor technology can be exploited to explore functional interactions between somatosensory brain mechanisms and motor control, in particular during learning a cognitive task where the planning and strategic execution of hand movements is essential. Sensorial and cognitive processes underlying manual skills and/or hand-specific (dominant versus non-dominant hand) behaviors can be studied in a variety of contexts by probing selected measurement loci in the fingers and palm of the human hand. Thousands of sensor data recorded from multiple spatial locations can be approached statistically to breathe functional sense into the forces measured under specific task constraints. Grip force patterns in individual performance profiling may reveal the evolution of grip force control as a direct result of cognitive changes during task learning. Grip forces can be functionally mapped to from-global-to-local coding principles in brain networks governing somatosensory processes for motor control in cognitive tasks leading to a specific task expertise or skill. Under the light of a comprehensive overview of recent discoveries into the functional significance of human grip force variations, perspectives for future studies in cognition, in particular the cognitive control of strategic and task relevant hand movements in complex real-world precision task, are pointed out.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu Y, He S, Herold F, Sun F, Li C, Tao S, Gao TY. Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on cognitive function: Current evidence, methodology, and safety considerations. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1012836. [PMID: 36267588 PMCID: PMC9576950 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1012836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive function is essential for most behaviors of daily living and is a critical component in assessing the quality of life. Mounting prospective evidence supports the use of isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) as a small muscle mass practice to promote health-related outcomes in clinical and healthy populations. The aim of the present review was to systematically investigate whether IHE is effective in improving the cognitive function of adults (aged ≥18 years). Studies were identified by searching five databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, and Web of Science). Eight out of 767 studies met the inclusion criteria, including three types of studies: 1) acute effect for IHE with various intensity protocols (n = 4); 2) acute effect for IHE with one set exhaustion protocol (n = 2); and 3) chronic effect of IHE on cognitive function (n = 2). To assess the methodological quality of studies, the PEDro scale was used (mean score = 6.75). The evidence on whether IHE exerts acute positive effects on cognitive performance is currently rather inconclusive. However, a trend was discernible that implementing IHE can generate a beneficial chronic effect on cognitive function, although the results should be interpreted with caution. The clinical relevance of IHE as a time-efficient type of physical exercise to improve cognitive function warrants further investigation. Methodology and safety considerations were discussed.Systematic Review Registration: (https://osf.io/gbzp9).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhu
- School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Yuxin Zhu,
| | - Shan He
- School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Disease, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fenghua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Tao
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tian-Yu Gao
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chang M, Geirsdottir OG, Eymundsdottir H, Thorsdottir I, Jonsson PV, Ramel A. Association between baseline handgrip strength and cognitive function assessed before and after a 12-week resistance exercise intervention among community-living older adults. AGING AND HEALTH RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2022.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
|
22
|
Chen KK, Lee SY, Pang BWJ, Lau LK, Jabbar KA, Seah WT, Tou NX, Yap PLK, Ng TP, Wee SL. Associations of low handgrip strength and hand laterality with cognitive function and functional mobility - the Yishun Study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:677. [PMID: 35974301 PMCID: PMC9382769 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggest that in addition to low hand grip strength (HGS), HGS asymmetry is associated with declining cognitive and physical functions. We examined the associations of low HGS and asymmetry with cognitive function and functional mobility in older adults. Methods Cross-sectional data of 330 community-dwelling adults (55.2% women) aged ≥ 55 years included HGS, Repeated Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG). Low HGS was defined as < 28 kg for men and < 18 kg for women. Participants with HGS above 10% stronger on either hand were considered as having HGS asymmetry. Multiple linear regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic, smoking, education, comorbidity count, physical activity participation, obesity, self-rated health and hand dominance. Results Low HGS, but not asymmetry, was independently associated with lower functional mobility performance (β = 1.3, 95%CI = 0.6,1.9), global cognitive function (β = -10.4, 95%CI = -17.0,-3.8), immediate (β = -2.6, 95%CI = -4.5,-0.7) and delayed (β = -2.8, 95%CI = -5.0,-0.7) memory. Compared to normal and symmetric HGS participants, low HGS in combination with HGS asymmetry was associated with poorer language scores. In participants with normal HGS, asymmetric HGS was associated with slower TUG than corresponding groups with symmetric HGS. Conclusion Low HGS, but not asymmetry, was associated with lower cognition and functional mobility. Associations of combined low HGS and asymmetry with cognitive and physical functions were driven by grip strength rather than asymmetry. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03363-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexun Kenneth Chen
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute (GERI), 2 Yishun Central 2, Singapore, 768024, Singapore.,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Shuen Yee Lee
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Dr, Singapore, 138683, Singapore
| | - Benedict Wei Jun Pang
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute (GERI), 2 Yishun Central 2, Singapore, 768024, Singapore
| | - Lay Khoon Lau
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute (GERI), 2 Yishun Central 2, Singapore, 768024, Singapore
| | - Khalid Abdul Jabbar
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute (GERI), 2 Yishun Central 2, Singapore, 768024, Singapore
| | - Wei Ting Seah
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute (GERI), 2 Yishun Central 2, Singapore, 768024, Singapore
| | - Nien Xiang Tou
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute (GERI), 2 Yishun Central 2, Singapore, 768024, Singapore
| | - Philip Lin Kiat Yap
- Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore, 768828, Singapore
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute (GERI), 2 Yishun Central 2, Singapore, 768024, Singapore.,Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Shiou-Liang Wee
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute (GERI), 2 Yishun Central 2, Singapore, 768024, Singapore. .,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Dr, Singapore, 138683, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang J, Jiang F, Yang M, Chen Z. Sarcopenia and nervous system disorders. J Neurol 2022; 269:5787-5797. [PMID: 35829759 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia has an insidious start that can induce physical malfunction, raise the risk of falls, disability, and mortality in the old, severely impair the aged persons' quality of life and health. More and more studies have demonstrated that sarcopenia is linked to neurological diseases in recent years. This review examines the advancement of sarcopenia and neurological illnesses research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, No.100 of Minjiang Street, Quzhou, 32400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feifei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, No.100 of Minjiang Street, Quzhou, 32400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, No.100 of Minjiang Street, Quzhou, 32400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhizhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, No.100 of Minjiang Street, Quzhou, 32400, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
O’Keefe P, Mann FD, Clouston S, Voll S, Muniz-Terrera G, Lewis N, Wanström L, Hofer SM, Rodgers JL. Getting a Grip on Secular Changes: Age-Period-Cohort Modeling of Grip Strength in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1413-1420. [PMID: 34244743 PMCID: PMC9255688 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grip strength is a popular and valuable measure in studies of physical functional capabilities in old age. The influence of historical trends and differential period-specific exposures can complicate the interpretation of biomarkers of aging and health and requires careful analysis and interpretation of aging, birth cohort, and period effects. This study evaluates the effects of aging, period, and cohort on grip strength in a population of adults and older adults. METHODS We use more than 27 000 observations for individuals at least 50 years of age, born in approximately 1910-1960, from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing to examine a variety of multilevel and cross-classified modeling approaches to evaluate age, period, and cohort effects. Our results extended Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohort modeling and compared our results with a set of 9 submodels with explicit assumptions to determine the most reliable modeling approach. RESULTS Findings suggest grip strength is primarily related to age, with minimal evidence of either period and/or cohort effects. Each year's increase in a person's age was associated with a 0.40-kg decrease in grip strength, though this decline differs by gender. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that as the population ages, grip strength declines at a systematic and predictable rate equal to -0.40 kg per year (approximately -0.50 kg for men and -0.30 kg for women) in residents of England aged 50 and older. Age effects were predominant and most consistent across methodologies. While there was some evidence for cohort effects, such effects were minimal and therefore indicative that grip strength is a consistent physiological biomarker of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O’Keefe
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Frank D Mann
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
| | - Sean Clouston
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
| | - Stacey Voll
- Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Nathan Lewis
- Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Scott M Hofer
- Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu Y, Chang Q, Xia Y, Zhao Y. Longitudinal Associations Between Household Solid Fuel Use and Handgrip Strength in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Individuals: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:881759. [PMID: 35844851 PMCID: PMC9280178 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.881759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Household solid fuel have been associated with changes of handgrip strength (HGS). However, no study has explored the longitudinal associations between household solid fuel use and HGS. Thus, the aim of our cohort study was to investigate the longitudinal associations between household fuel use and HGS. Methods The study was based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A handheld dynamometer was used to measure HGS. Household fuel use statuses were collected using questionnaires. Analyses of covariance were performed to examine the associations between household fuel use and HGS. Results The study included 9,382 participants during a 4-year follow-up. The participants who used solid fuel for cooking had more decreases of HGS than those who used clean fuel (P < 0.0001). The least square means (95% CIs) of changes of HGS for participants who used solid fuel and those who used clean fuel for cooking were −1.67 (−2.15, −1.19) and−2.27 (−2.75, −1.79), respectively. The association between fuel use for heating and HGS was non-significant (P = 0.63). The interaction terms of sex to cooking fuel (P = 0.04) and smoking to cooking fuel (P < 0.001) were significant; men and participants who had ever smoked had higher decreases in HGS. Conclusion Using household solid fuel for cooking but not heating was associated with more decreases in HGS. Proper ventilation and clean fuel should be promoted for public health.
Collapse
|
26
|
Duchowny KA, Ackley SF, Brenowitz WD, Wang J, Zimmerman SC, Caunca MR, Glymour MM. Associations Between Handgrip Strength and Dementia Risk, Cognition, and Neuroimaging Outcomes in the UK Biobank Cohort Study. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2218314. [PMID: 35737388 PMCID: PMC9227006 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The associations between muscle strength and cognitive outcomes have sparked interest in interventions that increase muscle strength for prevention of dementia, but the associations between muscle strength and cognitive aging are unclear, particularly among middle-aged adults. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and dementia, reduced cognition, and poorer neuroimaging outcomes in a UK population of middle-aged adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study evaluated UK Biobank participants aged 39 to 73 years enrolled from 2006 to 2010 with measured HGS and prospectively followed up for dementia diagnosis. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to April 2022. EXPOSURES HGS assessed in both hands via dynamometer. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcomes included cognitive test scores (fluid intelligence and prospective memory), brain magnetic resonance imaging measures (total brain volume, white matter hyperintensity, and hippocampal volume), and incident dementia (all-cause, vascular, and Alzheimer disease [AD] from primary care, hospital, or death records) over a median (IQR) of 11.7 (11.0-12.4) years of follow-up. Mixed-effects linear and logistic regressions and Cox proportional-hazard models were used to estimate associations, stratified by gender and adjusted for covariates. Estimates are presented per 5-kg decrement in HGS. To evaluate reverse causation, we assessed whether a polygenic risk score for AD is associated with HGS. RESULTS A subsample of 190 406 adult participants in the UK Biobank (mean [SD] age, 56.5 [8.1] years; 102 735 women [54%]) were evaluated. A 5-kg decrement in HGS was associated with lower fluid intelligence scores in men (β, -0.007; 95% CI, -0.010 to -0.003) and women (β, -0.04; 95% CI, -0.05 to -0.04. A 5-kg decrement in HGS was associated with worse odds of correctly responding to a prospective memory task for men (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.90 to 0.92) and women (odds ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.90). A 5-kg decrement in HGS was associated with greater white matter hyperintensity volume in men (β, 92.22; 95% CI, 31.09 to 153.35) and women (β, 83.56; 95% CI, 13.54 to 153.58). A 5-kg decrement in HGS was associated with incident dementia for men (hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.28) and women (hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.26). The AD genetic risk score was not significantly associated with HGS. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that HGS is associated with measures of neurocognitive brain health among men and women and they add to a growing body of research indicating that interventions designed to increase muscle strength, particularly among middle-aged adults, may hold promise for the maintenance of neurocognitive brain health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate A. Duchowny
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Sarah F. Ackley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Willa D. Brenowitz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Scott C. Zimmerman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - M. Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Carson RG, Holton E. Deficits in rate of force production during multifinger tasks are associated with cognitive status. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37:10.1002/gps.5732. [PMID: 35586946 PMCID: PMC9321751 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The multifinger force deficit (MFFD) is the decline in force generated by an individual finger as the number of fingers contributing to the action is increased. It has been proposed that as a measure of neural sufficiency rather than muscle status, it provides a means of detecting individuals at risk of cognitive decline. Age-related deficits in central neural drive exert a disproportionate impact on the rate at which force can be generated. We examined whether a MFFD derived from the maximum rate at which force is generated, is more sensitive to individual differences in cognitive status, than one calculated using the maximum level of force. METHODS Monotonic associations between each of two variants of the MFFD, and cognition (measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment), were estimated cross sectionally using generalized partial rank correlations, in which age, level of education and degree of handedness were included as covariates. The participants (n=26) were community dwelling adults aged 66-87. RESULTS The MFFD derived using the maximum rate of force development was negatively associated with cognitive status. The association for the MFFD based on the maximum level of force, was not statistically reliable. The associations with cognitive status obtained for both variants of the MFFD were of greater magnitude than those reported previously for standard grip strength dynamometry. CONCLUSION The sensitivity with which the MFFD detects risk of cognitive decline may be enhanced by using the maximum rate of force developed by each finger, rather than the maximum force generated by each finger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard G. Carson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of PsychologyTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland
- School of PsychologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastNorthern IrelandUK
| | - Eimíle Holton
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of PsychologyTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Combined effects of handgrip strength and sensory impairment on the prevalence of cognitive impairment among older adults in Korea. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6713. [PMID: 35468923 PMCID: PMC9039062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults commonly experience concurrent lower handgrip strength and sensory impairment. However, previous studies have analyzed the individual effects of either handgrip strength or sensory impairment on cognitive impairment. To address this gap, this study investigated the combined effects of handgrip strength and sensory impairment on cognitive impairment among older adults. In total, 2930 participants aged 65 and older were analyzed using 2014–2018 data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Participants underwent assessments of handgrip strength (grip dynamometer), sensory impairment (self-reported responses), and cognitive impairment (Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination). Low handgrip strength, compared to normal handgrip strength, was associated with cognitive impairment. In participants with low handgrip strength, vision and hearing impairment were associated with cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.75; OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.77–3.78, respectively) compared to those with normal handgrip strength. Participants with low handgrip strength and dual sensory impairment had the highest OR for cognitive impairment (OR 3.73, 95% CI 2.65–5.25). Due to the strong association of low handgrip strength and dual sensory impairment with cognitive impairment, people living with low handgrip strength and dual sensory impairment should be classified as a high-risk group for cognitive impairment and should be prioritized for interventions.
Collapse
|
29
|
Blodgett JM, Cooper R, Davis DHJ, Kuh D, Hardy R. Associations of Word Memory, Verbal Fluency, Processing Speed, and Crystallized Cognitive Ability With One-Legged Balance Performance in Mid- and Later Life. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:807-816. [PMID: 34125203 PMCID: PMC8974350 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive integration of sensory input and motor output plays an important role in balance. Despite this, it is not clear if specific cognitive processes are associated with balance and how these associations change with age. We examined longitudinal associations of word memory, verbal fluency, search speed, and reading ability with repeated measures of one-legged balance performance. METHOD Up to 2 934 participants in the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, a British birth cohort study, were included. At age 53, word memory, verbal fluency, search speed, and reading ability were assessed. One-legged balance times (eyes closed) were measured at ages 53, 60-64, and 69 years. Associations between each cognitive measure and balance time were assessed using random-effects models. Adjustments were made for sex, death, attrition, height, body mass index, health conditions, health behaviors, education, and occupational class. RESULTS In sex-adjusted models, 1 SD higher scores in word memory, search speed, and verbal fluency were associated with 14.1% (95% CI: 11.3, 16.8), 7.2% (4.4, 9.9), and 10.3% (7.5, 13.0) better balance times at age 53, respectively. Higher reading scores were associated with better balance, although this association plateaued. Associations were partially attenuated in mutually adjusted models and effect sizes were smaller at ages 60-64 and 69. In fully adjusted models, associations were largely explained by education, although remained for word memory and search speed. CONCLUSIONS Higher cognitive performance across all measures was independently associated with better balance performance in midlife. Identification of individual cognitive mechanisms involved in balance could lead to opportunities for targeted interventions in midlife.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Cooper
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | | | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen Z, Ho M, Chau PH. Handgrip strength asymmetry is associated with the risk of neurodegenerative disorders among Chinese older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1013-1023. [PMID: 35178892 PMCID: PMC8977973 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative disorders, as the irreversible condition, have a long, silent preclinical period. Recognition of early physical signs of neurodegenerative disorders had important practical implications for identifying at-risk population. The aim of this study was to investigate whether handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry was associated with the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders among Chinese older adults. METHODS This study used the data of participants aged 60 years and over from three waves (2011-2015) of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. HGS asymmetry was measured with HGS ratio (maximal non-dominant HGS/maximal dominant HGS), with the value less than 0.9 or more than 1.1 considered as HGS asymmetry. Physician-diagnosed neurodegenerative disorders were identified by self-reported or proxy-reported information. Competing risk analysis was conducted to examine the association between HGS asymmetry and incident neurodegenerative disorders, with mortality treated as the competing event. RESULTS A total of 4925 participants were included in the analysis [mean (SD) age: 68.1(6.68); female: 49.7%]. Eight hundred and eighty-eight (18.0%) participants had low HGS and 2227 (45.2%) had HGS asymmetry. During the 4 years of follow-up, there were 156 cases of neurodegenerative disorders and 422 cases of mortality. The incidence of neurodegenerative disorders was 8.7 per 1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.4-10.2], and the incidence of mortality was 23.5 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 21.4-25.9). Both the cause-specific model and the Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model showed that participants with HGS asymmetry had increased hazard of neurodegenerative disorders [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.66, P = 0.002, 95% CI: 1.202-2.297; subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) = 1.65, P = 0.002, 95% CI: 1.202-2.285]. Low HGS, but not HGS asymmetry, was related to the higher hazard of mortality (HR = 1.61, P < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.297-1.995; SHR = 1.58, P < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.286-1.951). CONCLUSIONS Handgrip strength asymmetry was associated with the future risk of neurodegenerative disorders among Chinese older adults. Public healthcare providers could consider examining HGS asymmetry along with the maximal HGS as a way to identify those at elevated risk of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Chen
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mandy Ho
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui Hing Chau
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Clouston SAP, Kritikos M, Huang C, Kuan PF, Vaska P, Pellecchia AC, Santiago-Michels S, Carr MA, Gandy S, Sano M, Bromet EJ, Lucchini RG, Luft BJ. Reduced cerebellar cortical thickness in World Trade Center responders with cognitive impairment. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:107. [PMID: 35296637 PMCID: PMC8927406 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior research has demonstrated high levels of cognitive and physical functional impairments in World Trade Center (WTC) responders. A follow-up neuroimaging study identified changes to white matter connectivity within the cerebellum in responders with cognitive impairment (CI). In the first study to examine cerebellar cortical thickness in WTC responders with CI, we fielded a structural magnetic resonance imaging protocol. WTC responders (N = 99) participated in a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, of whom 48 had CI. Participants with CI did not differ demographically or by intracranial volume when compared to cognitively unimpaired participants. MRIs were processed using the CERES imaging pipeline; bilateral cortical thickness in 12 cerebellar lobules was reported. Analyses were completed comparing mean cerebellar cortical thickness across groups. Lobules were examined to determine the location and functional correlates of reduced cerebellar cortical thickness. Multivariable-adjusted analyses accounted for the false discovery rate. Mean cerebellar cortical thickness was reduced by 0.17 mm in responders with CI. Decrements in cerebellar cortical thickness were symmetric and located in the Cerebellar Crus (I and II), and in Lobules IV, VI, VIIb, VIIIa, VIIIb, and IX. Cerebellar cortical thickness was associated with episodic memory, response speed, and tandem balance. WTC responders with CI had evidence of reduced cerebellar cortical thickness that was present across lobules in a pattern unique to this cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean A P Clouston
- Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Minos Kritikos
- Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Chuan Huang
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Pei-Fen Kuan
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Paul Vaska
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alison C Pellecchia
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Melissa A Carr
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Center for Cognitive Health and NFL Neurological Care, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Sano
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evelyn J Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin J Luft
- Director of the World Trade Center Health and Wellness Program, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Carson RG. The multifinger force deficit: A protocol to detect incipient cognitive decline. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:1605-1608. [PMID: 35243612 PMCID: PMC9314021 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Carson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sarcopenic obesity is associated with cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults: The Bunkyo Health Study. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1046-1051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
34
|
Clouston SAP, Hall CB, Kritikos M, Bennett DA, DeKosky S, Edwards J, Finch C, Kreisl WC, Mielke M, Peskind ER, Raskind M, Richards M, Sloan RP, Spiro A, Vasdev N, Brackbill R, Farfel M, Horton M, Lowe S, Lucchini RG, Prezant D, Reibman J, Rosen R, Seil K, Zeig-Owens R, Deri Y, Diminich ED, Fausto BA, Gandy S, Sano M, Bromet EJ, Luft BJ. Cognitive impairment and World Trade Centre-related exposures. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:103-116. [PMID: 34795448 PMCID: PMC8938977 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
On 11 September 2001 the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York was attacked by terrorists, causing the collapse of multiple buildings including the iconic 110-story 'Twin Towers'. Thousands of people died that day from the collapse of the buildings, fires, falling from the buildings, falling debris, or other related accidents. Survivors of the attacks, those who worked in search and rescue during and after the buildings collapsed, and those working in recovery and clean-up operations were exposed to severe psychological stressors. Concurrently, these 'WTC-affected' individuals breathed and ingested a mixture of organic and particulate neurotoxins and pro-inflammogens generated as a result of the attack and building collapse. Twenty years later, researchers have documented neurocognitive and motor dysfunctions that resemble the typical features of neurodegenerative disease in some WTC responders at midlife. Cortical atrophy, which usually manifests later in life, has also been observed in this population. Evidence indicates that neurocognitive symptoms and corresponding brain atrophy are associated with both physical exposures at the WTC and chronic post-traumatic stress disorder, including regularly re-experiencing traumatic memories of the events while awake or during sleep. Despite these findings, little is understood about the long-term effects of these physical and mental exposures on the brain health of WTC-affected individuals, and the potential for neurocognitive disorders. Here, we review the existing evidence concerning neurological outcomes in WTC-affected individuals, with the aim of contextualizing this research for policymakers, researchers and clinicians and educating WTC-affected individuals and their friends and families. We conclude by providing a rationale and recommendations for monitoring the neurological health of WTC-affected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean A P Clouston
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Charles B Hall
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Minos Kritikos
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven DeKosky
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute and Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jerri Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Caleb Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William C Kreisl
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Mielke
- Specialized Center of Research Excellence on Sex Differences, Department of Neurology, Department of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- Veteran's Association VISN 20 Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Murray Raskind
- Veteran's Association VISN 20 Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marcus Richards
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard P Sloan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Avron Spiro
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), Department of Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Center, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Brackbill
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Farfel
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Lowe
- The World Trade Center Mental Health Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David Prezant
- World Trade Center Health Program, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joan Reibman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosen
- World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kacie Seil
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Zeig-Owens
- World Trade Center Health Program, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yael Deri
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Erica D Diminich
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Bernadette A Fausto
- Center for Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Sano
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evelyn J Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin J Luft
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Graham EK, Willroth EC, Weston SJ, Muniz-Terrera G, Clouston SA, Hofer SM, Mroczek DK, Piccinin AM. Coordinated data analysis: Knowledge accumulation in lifespan developmental psychology. Psychol Aging 2022; 37:125-135. [PMID: 35113619 PMCID: PMC8814465 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated analysis is a powerful form of integrative analysis, and is well suited in its capacity to promote cumulative scientific knowledge, particularly in subfields of psychology that focus on the processes of lifespan development and aging. Coordinated analysis uses raw data from individual studies to create similar hypothesis tests for a given research question across multiple datasets, thereby making it less vulnerable to common criticisms of meta-analysis such as file drawer effects or publication bias. Coordinated analysis can sometimes use random effects meta-analysis to summarize results, which does not assume a single true effect size for a given statistical test. By fitting parallel models in separate datasets, coordinated analysis preserves the heterogeneity among studies, and provides a window into the generalizability and external validity of a set of results. The current article achieves three goals: First, it describes the phases of a coordinated analysis so that interested researchers can more easily adopt these methods in their labs. Second, it discusses the importance of coordinated analysis within the context of the credibility revolution in psychology. Third, it encourages the use of existing data networks and repositories for conducting coordinated analysis, in order to enhance accessibility and inclusivity. Subfields of research that require time- or resource- intensive data collection, such as longitudinal aging research, would benefit by adopting these methods. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK,University of Edinburgh, Centre for Dementia Prevention, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Sean A.P. Clouston
- Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine; Program in Public Health, University of Stony Brook
| | - Scott M. Hofer
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel K. Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University,Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Herold F, Labott BK, Grässler B, Halfpaap N, Langhans C, Müller P, Ammar A, Dordevic M, Hökelmann A, Müller NG. A Link between Handgrip Strength and Executive Functioning: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Controls. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020230. [PMID: 35206845 PMCID: PMC8872145 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) who in addition to their memory deficits also suffer from frontal-executive dysfunctions have a higher risk of developing dementia later in their lives than older adults with aMCI without executive deficits and older adults with non-amnestic MCI (naMCI). Handgrip strength (HGS) is also correlated with the risk of cognitive decline in the elderly. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the associations between HGS and executive functioning in individuals with aMCI, naMCI and healthy controls. Older, right-handed adults with amnestic MCI (aMCI), non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), and healthy controls (HC) conducted a handgrip strength measurement via a handheld dynamometer. Executive functions were assessed with the Trail Making Test (TMT A&B). Normalized handgrip strength (nHGS, normalized to Body Mass Index (BMI)) was calculated and its associations with executive functions (operationalized through z-scores of TMT B/A ratio) were investigated through partial correlation analyses (i.e., accounting for age, sex, and severity of depressive symptoms). A positive and low-to-moderate correlation between right nHGS (rp (22) = 0.364; p = 0.063) and left nHGS (rp (22) = 0.420; p = 0.037) and executive functioning in older adults with aMCI but not in naMCI or HC was observed. Our results suggest that higher levels of nHGS are linked to better executive functioning in aMCI but not naMCI and HC. This relationship is perhaps driven by alterations in the integrity of the hippocampal-prefrontal network occurring in older adults with aMCI. Further research is needed to provide empirical evidence for this assumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.K.L.); (P.M.); (M.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Berit K. Labott
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.K.L.); (P.M.); (M.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Bernhard Grässler
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Nicole Halfpaap
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Corinna Langhans
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Patrick Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.K.L.); (P.M.); (M.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Milos Dordevic
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.K.L.); (P.M.); (M.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anita Hökelmann
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Notger G. Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.K.L.); (P.M.); (M.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Watermeyer T, Massa F, Goerdten J, Stirland L, Johansson B, Muniz-Terrera G. Cognitive Dispersion Predicts Grip Strength Trajectories in Men but not Women in a Sample of the Oldest Old Without Dementia. Innov Aging 2021; 5:igab025. [PMID: 34549095 PMCID: PMC8448440 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Grip strength is a reliable marker of biological vitality and it typically demonstrates an expected decline in older adults. According to the common-cause hypothesis, there is also a significant association between cognitive and physical function in older adults. Some specific cognitive functions have been shown to be associated with grip strength trajectories with most research solely focused on cutoff points or mean cognitive performance. In the present study, we examine whether a measure of cognitive dispersion might be more informative. We therefore used an index that quantifies dispersion in cognitive scores across multiple cognitive tests, shown to be associated with detrimental outcomes in older adults. Research Design and Methods Using repeated grip strength measures from men and women aged 80 and older, free of dementia in the OCTO-Twin study, we estimated aging-related grip strength trajectories. We examined the association of cognitive dispersion and mean cognitive function with grip strength level and aging-related rate of change, accounting for known risk factors. Results Cognitive dispersion was associated with grip strength trajectories in men and the association varied by mean cognitive performance, whereas we found no association in women. Discussion and Implications Our results provide evidence of a sex-specific vitality association between cognitive dispersion and aging-related trajectories of grip strength. Our results support the call for integration of sex and gender in health promotion and intervention research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamlyn Watermeyer
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Fernando Massa
- Instituto de Estadistica, Universidad de la Republica del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jantje Goerdten
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lucy Stirland
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Boo Johansson
- Department of Psychology & Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), University of Gothenburg, Goethenburg, Sweden
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Filshtein TJ, Li X, Zimmerman SC, Ackley SF, Glymour MM, Power MC. Proof of Concept Example for Use of Simulation to Allow Data Pooling Despite Privacy Restrictions. Epidemiology 2021; 32:638-647. [PMID: 34183527 PMCID: PMC8338788 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrating results from multiple samples is often desirable, but privacy restrictions may preclude full data pooling, and most datasets do not include fully harmonized variable sets. We propose a simulation-based method leveraging partial information across datasets to guide creation of synthetic data based on explicit assumptions about the underlying causal structure that permits pooled analyses that adjust for all desired confounders in the context of privacy restrictions. METHODS This proof-of-concept project uses data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. We specified an estimand of interest and a directed acyclic graph (DAG) summarizing the presumed causal structure for the effect of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on cognitive change. We derived publicly reportable statistics to describe the joint distribution of each variable in our DAG. These summary estimates were used as data-generating rules to create synthetic datasets. After pooling, we imputed missing covariates in the synthetic datasets and used the synthetic data to estimate the pooled effect of HbA1c on cognitive change, adjusting for all desired covariates. RESULTS Distributions of covariates and model coefficients and associated standard errors for our model estimating the effect of HbA1c on cognitive change were similar across cohort-specific original and preimputation synthetic data. The estimate from the pooled synthetic incorporates control for confounders measured in either original dataset. DISCUSSION Our approach has advantages over meta-analysis or individual-level pooling/data harmonization when privacy concerns preclude data sharing and key confounders are not uniformly measured across datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J. Filshtein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Public Health
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University
| | - Scott C. Zimmerman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Public Health
| | - Sarah F. Ackley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Public Health
| | - M. Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Public Health
| | - Melinda C. Power
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ekiz T, Kara M, Ata AM, Ricci V, Kara Ö, Özcan F, Özçakar L. Rewinding sarcopenia: a narrative review on the renin-angiotensin system. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:2379-2392. [PMID: 33394457 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The purpose of this review was two-fold. First, we aimed to provide an in-depth glance on the relationship between renin-angiotensin system (RAS) dysregulation and sarcopenia. Second, we aimed to touch upon potential treatments of sarcopenia (including RAS blockers, vitamin D, and exercise) in light of the pertinent literature. METHODS Currently available research regarding the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers on knee extensor strength, grip strength, chair stand test, gate speed together with the effects of exercise on muscle mass, strength, physical performance, blood pressure and cognitive tests (particularly in older adults) was reviewed. RESULTS Although some studies have shown favorable effects of ACEIs on muscle strength and/or physical function tests, some studies have reported no/negative association in between. The favorable impact of exercise on reducing blood pressure is shown, and exercise treatment is widely recommended in the relevant literature. Different types of exercises (aerobic, resistance, dancing, music movement, water-based, golf, knitting activities or multicomponent exercises) have shown improvement in cognitive functions as well. CONCLUSION Classical RAS activity results in deleterious effects not only on the cardiovascular but also on the neuromusculoskeletal system. Therefore, treatments targeting inhibition of the classical RAS activity seem to be important in the management of several age-related pathologies, including sarcopenia. As such, ACEIs, vitamin D, exercise, and healthy diet can have prominent effects not only on the modulation of RAS but also on physical and cognitive functions and sarcopenia as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timur Ekiz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Türkmenbaşı Medical Center, Türkmenbaşı Bulvarı Botanik Evleri Osmanbey Apt. C Blok No:3/B Seyhan, 01130, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Murat Kara
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Merve Ata
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dr. Ayten Bozkaya Spastic Children Hospital and Rehabilitation Center, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Vincenzo Ricci
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Özgür Kara
- Geriatrics Unit, Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fırat Özcan
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Özçakar
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Clouston SAP, Muñiz Terrera G, Rodgers JL, O'Keefe P, Mann F, Lewis NA, Wänström L, Kaye J, Hofer SM. Cohort and Period Effects as Explanations for Declining Dementia Trends and Cognitive Aging. POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW 2021; 47:611-637. [PMID: 36937313 PMCID: PMC10021404 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies have reported that the age-adjusted incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia may have decreased over the past two decades. Aging is the predominant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and for neurocognitive decline. However, aging cannot explain changes in overall age-adjusted incidence of dementia. The objective of this position paper was to describe the potential for cohort and period effects in cognitive decline and incidence of dementia. Cohort effects have long been reported in demographic literature, but starting in the early 1980s, researchers began reporting cohort trends in cognitive function. At the same time, period effects have emerged in economic factors and stressors in early and midlife that may result in reduced cognitive dysfunction. Recognizing that aging individuals today were once children and adolescents, and that research has clearly noted that childhood cognitive performance is a primary determinant of old-age cognitive performance, this is the first study that proposes the need to connect known cohort effects in childhood cognition with differences in late-life functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean A P Clouston
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Graciela Muñiz Terrera
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joseph Lee Rodgers
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Frank Mann
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Nathan A Lewis
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC
| | - Linda Wänström
- Department of Computer and Informational Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Kaye
- Oregon Center for Aging and Technology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, and NIA-Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Scott M Hofer
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dercon Q, Nicholas JM, James SN, Schott JM, Richards M. Grip strength from midlife as an indicator of later-life brain health and cognition: evidence from a British birth cohort. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:475. [PMID: 34465287 PMCID: PMC8406895 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grip strength is an indicator of physical function with potential predictive value for health in ageing populations. We assessed whether trends in grip strength from midlife predicted later-life brain health and cognition. METHODS 446 participants in an ongoing British birth cohort study, the National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD), had their maximum grip strength measured at ages 53, 60-64, and 69, and subsequently underwent neuroimaging as part of a neuroscience sub-study, referred to as "Insight 46", at age 69-71. A group-based trajectory model identified latent groups of individuals in the whole NSHD cohort with below- or above-average grip strength over time, plus a reference group. Group assignment, plus standardised grip strength levels and change from midlife were each related to measures of whole-brain volume (WBV) and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), plus several cognitive tests. Models were adjusted for sex, body size, head size (where appropriate), sociodemographics, and behavioural and vascular risk factors. RESULTS Lower grip strength from midlife was associated with smaller WBV and lower matrix reasoning scores at age 69-71, with findings consistent between analysis of individual time points and analysis of trajectory groups. There was little evidence of an association between grip strength and other cognitive test scores. Although greater declines in grip strength showed a weak association with higher WMHV at age 69-71, trends in the opposite direction were seen at individual time points with higher grip strength at ages 60-64, and 69 associated with higher WMHV. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence that maximum grip strength may have value in predicting brain health. Future work should assess to what extent age-related declines in grip strength from midlife reflect concurrent changes in brain structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Dercon
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Jennifer M Nicholas
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah-Naomi James
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Quattropani MC, Sardella A, Morgante F, Ricciardi L, Alibrandi A, Lenzo V, Catalano A, Squadrito G, Basile G. Impact of Cognitive Reserve and Premorbid IQ on Cognitive and Functional Status in Older Outpatients. Brain Sci 2021; 11:824. [PMID: 34206258 PMCID: PMC8301973 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate cross-sectionally the associations of cognitive reserve (CR) and premorbid IQ with cognitive and functional status in a cohort of older outpatients. Additionally, we evaluated the association of CR and premorbid IQ with the worsening of patients' cognitive status at one-year follow-up. We originally included 141 outpatients (mean age 80.31 years); a telephone-based cognitive follow-up was carried out after one year, including 104 subjects (mean age 80.26 years). CR (β = 0.418), premorbid IQ (β = 0.271) and handgrip strength (β = 0.287) were significantly associated with the MMSE score. The cognitive worsening at follow-up was associated with lower CR, lower MMSE score, reduced gait speed and frailty exhibited at baseline. Univariate linear regressions showed that CR was associated with handgrip strength (β = 0.346), gait speed (β = 0.185), autonomy in basic (β = 0.221) and instrumental (β = 0.272) daily activities, and frailty (β = -0.290); premorbid IQ was significantly associated with autonomy in instrumental daily activities (β = 0.211). These findings highlight the need for integrating CR and premorbid IQ with physical and motor measures when appraising predictors of cognitive decline in the elderly population. The study also newly extends the link of CR and premorbid IQ to the functional status in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Quattropani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.Q.); (F.M.); (A.C.); (G.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Alberto Sardella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.Q.); (F.M.); (A.C.); (G.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Francesca Morgante
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.Q.); (F.M.); (A.C.); (G.S.); (G.B.)
- Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK;
| | - Lucia Ricciardi
- Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK;
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Science, Department of Economics, University of Messina, 98123 Messina, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Social and Educational Sciences of the Mediterranean Area, “Dante Alighieri” University for Foreigners of Reggio Calabria, 89125 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Antonino Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.Q.); (F.M.); (A.C.); (G.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Giovanni Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.Q.); (F.M.); (A.C.); (G.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.Q.); (F.M.); (A.C.); (G.S.); (G.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kara M, Kaymak B, Frontera W, Ata AM, Ricci V, Ekiz T, Chang KV, Han DS, Michail X, Quittan M, Lim JY, Bean JF, Franchignoni F, Özçakar L. Diagnosing sarcopenia: Functional perspectives and a new algorithm from the ISarcoPRM. J Rehabil Med 2021; 53:jrm00209. [PMID: 34121127 PMCID: PMC8814891 DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an important public health problem, characterized by age-related loss of muscle mass and muscle function. It is a precursor of physical frailty, mobility limitation, and premature death. Muscle loss is mainly due to the loss of type II muscle fibres, and progressive loss of motor neurones is thought to be the primary underlying factor. Anterior thigh muscles undergo atrophy earlier, and the loss of anterior thigh muscle function may therefore be an antecedent finding. The aim of this review is to provide an in-depth (and holistic) neuromusculoskeletal approach to sarcopenia. In addition, under the umbrella of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (ISPRM), a novel diagnostic algorithm is proposed, developed with the consensus of experts in the special interest group on sarcopenia (ISarcoPRM). The advantages of this algorithm over the others are: special caution concerning disorders related to the renin-angiotensin system at the case finding stage; emphasis on anterior thigh muscle mass and function loss; incorporation of ultrasound for the first time to measure the anterior thigh muscle; and addition of a chair stand test as a power/performance test to assess anterior thigh muscle function. Refining and testing the algorithm remains a priority for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kara
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sverdrup K, Selbæk G, Bergh S, Strand BH, Thingstad P, Skjellegrind HK, Skjerve KN, Tangen GG. Physical performance across the cognitive spectrum and between dementia subtypes in a population-based sample of older adults: The HUNT study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 95:104400. [PMID: 33798998 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature on physical performance in older adults across the cognitive spectrum remains inconclusive, and knowledge on differences between dementia subtypes is lacking. We aim to identify distinct physical-performance deficits across the cognitive spectrum and between dementia subtypes. METHODS 11,466 persons were included from the 70-year-and-older cohort in the fourth wave of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4 70+). Physical performance was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 4-meter gait speed, five-times-sit-to-stand (FTSS), grip strength and one-leg-standing (OLS). Clinical experts diagnosed dementia per DSM-5 criteria. Multiple linear and logistic regression were performed to analyze differences between groups. Age, sex, education, somatic comorbidity, physical activity and smoking status were used as covariates. RESULTS Gait speed declined across the cognitive spectrum, beginning in people with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) additionally showed reduced lower-limb muscle strength, balance and grip strength. Those with dementia scored lowest on all physical-performance measures. Participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD) had a higher SPPB sum score and faster gait speed than participants with vascular dementia (VaD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD); participants with VaD and LBD had lower odds of being able to perform FTSS and OLS than participants with AD. CONCLUSIONS Physical performance declined across the spectrum from cognitively healthy to SCD to MCI and to dementia. Participants with AD performed better on all assessments except grip strength than participants with VaD and LBD. Stage of cognitive impairment and dementia subtype should guide exercise interventions to prevent mobility decline and dependency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sverdrup
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Norway; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Norway; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Bergh
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Norway; Research Centre for Age-related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Bjørn Heine Strand
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Norway; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pernille Thingstad
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Trondheim Municipality, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Kjesbu Skjellegrind
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway; Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kjerstin Næss Skjerve
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Trondheim Municipality, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gro Gujord Tangen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Norway; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen Y, Du Y, Sun Z, Liu Q, Sun C, Lin H, Jin M, Fu J, Ma F, Li W, Liu H, Zhang X, Wang G, Huang G. Interactions Between Handgrip Strength and Serum Folate and Homocysteine Levels on Cognitive Function in the Elderly Chinese Population. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1503-1513. [PMID: 33720898 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handgrip strength (HGS) and serum folate and homocysteine (Hcy) levels were associated with cognitive function. However, little was known whether there were interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function. OBJECTIVE To examine the interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function. METHODS This study analyzed the baseline data of the Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition Cohort study. All participants aged ≥60 years were potential eligible. HGS was measured using a grip strength dynamometer. Serum folate and Hcy levels were assayed using standard laboratory protocol. A Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess cognitive function. Linear regressions were employed to examine the interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function. RESULTS 4,484 participants were included in this study. There were interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function. Furthermore, subjects with strong HGS and sufficient folate level had the best cognitive function (β= 2.018), sequentially followed by those with strong HGS and insufficient folate level (β= 1.698) and with poor HGS and sufficient folate level (β= 0.873). Similarly, cognitive function was ranked in the descending order of subjects with strong HGS and normal Hcy level (β= 1.971), strong HGS and high Hcy level (β= 1.467), and poor HGS and normal Hcy level (β= 0.657). CONCLUSION There were interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function. However, the temporal associations cannot be examined in a cross-sectional study. Further cohort study should be conducted to confirm these associations in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuoyu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Neurosurgical Department of Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengdi Jin
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingzhu Fu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Xumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Tumor, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Herold F, Behrendt T, Törpel A, Hamacher D, Müller NG, Schega L. Cortical hemodynamics as a function of handgrip strength and cognitive performance: a cross-sectional fNIRS study in younger adults. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:10. [PMID: 33588769 PMCID: PMC7885414 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence for a positive correlation between measures of muscular strength and cognitive abilities. However, the neurophysiological correlates of this relationship are not well understood so far. The aim of this study was to investigate cortical hemodynamics [i.e., changes in concentrations of oxygenated (oxyHb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb)] as a possible link between measures of muscular strength and cognitive performance. METHODS In a cohort of younger adults (n = 39, 18-30 years), we assessed (i) handgrip strength by a handhold dynamometer, (ii) short-term working memory performance by using error rates and reaction times in the Sternberg task, and (iii) cortical hemodynamics of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). RESULTS We observed low to moderate negative correlations (rp = ~ - 0.38 to - 0.51; p < 0.05) between reaction time and levels of oxyHb in specific parts of the PFC. Furthermore, we noticed low to moderate positive correlations (rp = ~ 0.34 to 0.45; p < 0.05) between reaction times and levels of deoxyHb in distinct parts of the PFC. Additionally, higher levels of oxyHb (rp (35) = 0.401; p = 0.014) and lower levels of deoxyHb (rp (34) = - 0.338; p = 0.043) in specific parts of the PFC were linked to higher percentage of correct answers. We also found low to moderate correlations (p < 0.05) between measures of handgrip strength and levels of oxyHb (rp = ~ 0.35; p < 0.05) and levels of deoxyHb (rp = ~ - 0.25 to - 0.49; p < 0.05) in specific parts of the PFC. However, there was neither a correlation between cognitive performance and handgrip strength nor did cortical hemodynamics in the PFC mediate the relationship between handgrip strength and cognitive performance (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence for a positive neurobehavioral relationship between cortical hemodynamics and cognitive performance. Our findings further imply that in younger adults higher levels of handgrip strength positively influence cortical hemodynamics although the latter did not necessarily culminate in better cognitive performance. Future research should examine whether the present findings can be generalized to other cohorts (e.g., older adults).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Tom Behrendt
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Törpel
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Hamacher
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger G Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Brenneckestraße 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Parker K, Rhee Y, Tomkinson GR, Vincent BM, O'Connor ML, McGrath R. Handgrip Weakness and Asymmetry Independently Predict the Development of New Activity Limitations: Results from Analyses of Longitudinal Data from the US Health and Retirement Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 22:821-826.e1. [PMID: 33290729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examining strength asymmetries in assessments of muscle function may improve screenings for limitations in independent living tasks such as instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). We sought to determine the associations between handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry and future IADL limitations in aging Americans. DESIGN Longitudinal panel. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Secondary analyses of data from participants aged at least 50 years from the 2006-2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. The analytic sample included 18,235 Americans who identified hand dominance and had measures of HGS for both hands in a single wave. METHODS Hand dominance was self-reported, and a handgrip dynamometer measured HGS on each hand. The highest HGS values on each hand were used to calculate the HGS asymmetry ratio: (nondominant HGS/dominant HGS). Individuals with HGS asymmetry ratio <0.80 or >1.20 had HGS asymmetry. Persons with HGS asymmetry ratio <0.80 had dominant HGS asymmetry, whereas participants with HGS asymmetry ratio >1.20 had nondominant HGS asymmetry. Persons with HGS asymmetry ratio <1.0 also had their ratio inversed to make all HGS asymmetry ratios ≥1.0. IADL were self-reported. Covariate-adjusted generalized estimating equations were used for the analyses. RESULTS Participants with HGS asymmetry had 1.12 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.20] greater odds for future IADL limitations. Each HGS asymmetry dominance group also had greater odds for future IADL limitations: 1.09 (CI: 1.01-1.18) for individuals with dominant HGS asymmetry and 1.29 (CI: 1.09-1.52) for persons with nondominant HGS asymmetry. Every 0.10 increase in inverted HGS asymmetry ratio was associated with 1.30 (CI: 1.07-1.57) greater odds for future IADL limitations. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Assessing HGS asymmetry, as another potential biomarker of impaired muscle function, may provide novel insights for predicting IADL limitations. Future research should continue examining how strength asymmetries, and other aspects of muscle function beyond maximal strength, factor into the disabling cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Parker
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Yeong Rhee
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Brenda M Vincent
- Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Melissa L O'Connor
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Ryan McGrath
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Okely JA, Deary IJ. Associations Between Declining Physical and Cognitive Functions in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:1393-1402. [PMID: 31957799 PMCID: PMC7447860 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ageing process is characterized by declines in physical and cognitive function. However, the relationship between these trajectories remains a topic of investigation. METHODS Using four data waves collected triennially between ages 70 and 79, we tested for associations between multiple cognitive ability domains (verbal memory, processing speed, and visuospatial ability) and physical functions (walking speed, grip strength, and lung function). We first tested for associations between linear declines in physical and cognitive functions over the entire 9-year study period, and then, for lead-lag coupling effects between 3-year changes in cognitive and physical functions. RESULTS Steeper linear decline in walking speed was moderately correlated with steeper linear declines in each cognitive domain. Steeper linear decline in grip strength was moderately correlated with steeper linear declines in verbal memory and processing speed. Lead-lag coupling models showed that decline in verbal memory was preceded by declines in walking speed and grip strength. By contrast, decline in grip strength was preceded by declines in processing speed and visuospatial ability, and decline in walking speed was preceded by decline in visuospatial ability. Following additional adjustment for covariates, only coupling effects from earlier decline in processing speed to later decline in grip strength remained significant (β = 0.545, p = .006). CONCLUSION Our findings provide further evidence of an association between cognitive and physical declines and point to the potential order in which these changes occur. Decline in processing speed in particular may serve as a unique early marker of declining upper body strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Okely
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sousa S, Teixeira L, Paúl C. Assessment of Major Neurocognitive Disorders in Primary Health Care: Predictors of Individual Risk Factors. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1413. [PMID: 32625155 PMCID: PMC7313377 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Neurocognitive Disorders describe the symptoms of a large group of diseases causing a progressive decline in individual’s functioning. It is an umbrella term describing a decline in memory, intellectual ability, reasoning, and social skills, as well as changes in normal emotional reactions. The general practitioner is instrumental in the early diagnosis of Major Neurocognitive Disorder. Individual risk factors act as contributing variables affecting the probability of someone developing a Major Neurocognitive Disorder and may be considered predictive factors. This study aimed (i) to show the utility of using the Global Deterioration Scale in primary health care settings as a measure to assess the stage of cognitive function for individuals identified with Major Neurocognitive Disorders and (ii) to identify predictors of severe Major Neurocognitive Disorders. Potential predictors of Major Neurocognitive Disorders considered in this study were: sex, age, years of education, social isolation, hearing impairment, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hand strength, and nutritional status. The sample comprised 250 adults, 30.4% were classified as having probable Major Neurocognitive Disorder. The variables significantly associated with probable Major Neurocognitive Disorder were age, years of education, hearing impairment, cardiovascular disease, hand strength, nutritional status, and physical activity. In the multivariable model, only age, education, physical activity and hand strength remained significant predictors of probable Major Neurocognitive Disorder. The Global Deterioration Scale seems to be a usefull instrument in primary healthcare settings, as it guides the general practitioner in observing the patients’ cognitive functioning. Advanced age, lower education, lower hand strength and absence of physical activities should be taken into account as they increase the chance of severe Major Neurocognitive Disorders. Primary health care providers, including general practitioners are very important in the diagnosis and follow up of Major Neurocognitive Disorder. The general practitioner is in most cases the patients’ first and for many patients the only contact, thus having a critical role in evaluating with caution what is part of normal or pathological aging, and the individual factors that can increase the likelihood of developing Major Neurocognitive Disorder to further support patients in the course of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Sousa
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences - University of Porto (ICBAS.UP), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS.ICBAS), Porto, Portugal.,Office on Ageing Issues 50+ (CA50+), Porto, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Teixeira
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences - University of Porto (ICBAS.UP), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS.ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Constança Paúl
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences - University of Porto (ICBAS.UP), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS.ICBAS), Porto, Portugal.,Office on Ageing Issues 50+ (CA50+), Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
McGrath R, Cawthon PM, Cesari M, Al Snih S, Clark BC. Handgrip Strength Asymmetry and Weakness Are Associated with Lower Cognitive Function: A Panel Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2020; 68:2051-2058. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan McGrath
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota USA
| | - Peggy M. Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco Coordinating Center San Francisco California USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Geriatric Unit Fondazione IRCCS Caʼ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Università di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Soham Al Snih
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas USA
| | - Brian C. Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute Athens Ohio USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Ohio University Athens Ohio USA
| |
Collapse
|