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Tauchmannová K, Pecinová A, Houštěk J, Mráček T. Variability of Clinical Phenotypes Caused by Isolated Defects of Mitochondrial ATP Synthase. Physiol Res 2024; 73:S243-S278. [PMID: 39016153 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Disorders of ATP synthase, the key enzyme in mitochondrial energy supply, belong to the most severe metabolic diseases, manifesting as early-onset mitochondrial encephalo-cardiomyopathies. Since ATP synthase subunits are encoded by both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, pathogenic variants can be found in either genome. In addition, the biogenesis of ATP synthase requires several assembly factors, some of which are also hotspots for pathogenic variants. While variants of MT-ATP6 and TMEM70 represent the most common cases of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA mutations respectively, the advent of next-generation sequencing has revealed new pathogenic variants in a number of structural genes and TMEM70, sometimes with truly peculiar genetics. Here we present a systematic review of the reported cases and discuss biochemical mechanisms, through which they are affecting ATP synthase. We explore how the knowledge of pathophysiology can improve our understanding of enzyme biogenesis and function. Keywords: Mitochondrial diseases o ATP synthase o Nuclear DNA o Mitochondrial DNA o TMEM70.
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Sancho-Balsells A, Borràs-Pernas S, Flotta F, Chen W, Del Toro D, Rodríguez MJ, Alberch J, Blivet G, Touchon J, Xifró X, Giralt A. Brain-gut photobiomodulation restores cognitive alterations in chronically stressed mice through the regulation of Sirt1 and neuroinflammation. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:574-588. [PMID: 38490587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress is an important risk factor for the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent studies have shown microbiome dysbiosis as one of the pathogenic mechanisms associated with MDD. Thus, it is important to find novel non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies that can modulate gut microbiota and brain activity. One such strategy is photobiomodulation (PBM), which involves the non-invasive use of light. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS Brain-gut PBM could have a synergistic beneficial effect on the alterations induced by chronic stress. METHODS We employed the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) protocol to induce a depressive-like state in mice. Subsequently, we administered brain-gut PBM for 6 min per day over a period of 3 weeks. Following PBM treatment, we examined behavioral, structural, molecular, and cellular alterations induced by CUMS. RESULTS We observed that the CUMS protocol induces profound behavioral alterations and an increase of sirtuin1 (Sirt1) levels in the hippocampus. We then combined the stress protocol with PBM and found that tissue-combined PBM was able to rescue cognitive alterations induced by CUMS. This rescue was accompanied by a restoration of hippocampal Sirt1 levels, prevention of spine density loss in the CA1 of the hippocampus, and the modulation of the gut microbiome. PBM was also effective in reducing neuroinflammation and modulating the morphology of Iba1-positive microglia. LIMITATIONS The molecular mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of tissue-combined PBM are not fully understood. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that non-invasive photobiomodulation of both the brain and the gut microbiome could be beneficial in the context of stress-induced MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sancho-Balsells
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Borràs-Pernas
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Flotta
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Wanqi Chen
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Del Toro
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; Production and Validation Centre of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Xavier Xifró
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
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Drahota Z, Houštěk J, Pecinová A. Czech Footprints in the Bioenergetics Research. Physiol Res 2024; 73:S23-S33. [PMID: 38836463 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Life manifests as growth, movement or heat production that occurs thanks to the energy accepted from the outside environment. The basis of energy transduction attracted the Czech researchers since the beginning of the 20th century. It further accelerated after World War II, when the new Institute of Physiology was established in 1954. When it was found that energy is stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that can be used by numerous reactions as energy source and is produced in the process called oxidative phosphorylation localized in mitochondria, the investigation focused on this cellular organelle. Although the Czech scientists had to overcome various obstacles including Communist party leadership, driven by curiosity, boldness, and enthusiasm, they characterized broad spectrum of mitochondrial properties in different tissues in (patho)physiological conditions in collaboration with many world-known laboratories. The current review summarizes the contribution of the Czech scientists to the bioenergetic and mitochondrial research in the global context. Keywords: Mitochondria, Bioenergetics, Chemiosmotic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Drahota
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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4
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Indelicato E, Boesch S, Mencacci NE, Ghezzi D, Prokisch H, Winkelmann J, Zech M. Dystonia in ATP Synthase Defects: Reconnecting Mitochondria and Dopamine. Mov Disord 2024; 39:29-35. [PMID: 37964479 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Indelicato
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Niccolo' E Mencacci
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology and Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- DZPG, Deutsches Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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5
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Zheng J, Liu S, Wang D, Li L, Sarsaiya S, Zhou H, Cai H. Unraveling the functional consequences of a novel germline missense mutation (R38C) in the yeast model of succinate dehydrogenase subunit B: insights into neurodegenerative disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1246842. [PMID: 37840772 PMCID: PMC10568460 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1246842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the implications of a novel germline missense mutation (R38C) in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunit B, which has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. The mutation was identified from the SDH mutation database and corresponds to the SDH2R32C allele, mirroring the human SDHBR38C mutation. By subjecting the mutant yeast model to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stress, simulating oxidative stress, we observed heightened sensitivity to oxidative conditions. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed significant regulation (p < 0.05) of genes associated with antioxidant systems and energy metabolism. Through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, we examined yeast cell metabolites under oxidative stress, uncovering insights into the potential protective role of o-vanillin. This study elucidates the biological mechanisms underlying cellular oxidative stress responses, offering valuable insights into its repercussions. These findings shed light on innovative avenues for addressing neurodegenerative diseases, potentially revolutionizing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Heng Cai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Harris B, Singh DK, Verma M, Fahl SP, Rhodes M, Sprinkle SR, Wang M, Zhang Y, Perrigoue J, Kessel R, Peri S, West J, Giricz O, Boultwood J, Pellagatti A, Ramesh KH, Montagna C, Pradhan K, Tyner JW, Kennedy BK, Holinstat M, Steidl U, Sykes S, Verma A, Wiest DL. Ribosomal protein control of hematopoietic stem cell transformation through direct, non-canonical regulation of metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.31.543132. [PMID: 37398007 PMCID: PMC10312568 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.31.543132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
We report here that expression of the ribosomal protein, RPL22, is frequently reduced in human myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML); reduced RPL22 expression is associated with worse outcomes. Mice null for Rpl22 display characteristics of an MDS-like syndrome and develop leukemia at an accelerated rate. Rpl22-deficient mice also display enhanced hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and obstructed differentiation potential, which arises not from reduced protein synthesis but from increased expression of the Rpl22 target, ALOX12, an upstream regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). The increased FAO mediated by Rpl22-deficiency also persists in leukemia cells and promotes their survival. Altogether, these findings reveal that Rpl22 insufficiency enhances the leukemia potential of HSC via non-canonical de-repression of its target, ALOX12, which enhances FAO, a process that may serve as a therapeutic vulnerability of Rpl22 low MDS and AML leukemia cells. Highlights RPL22 insufficiency is observed in MDS/AML and is associated with reduced survivalRpl22-deficiency produces an MDS-like syndrome and facilitates leukemogenesisRpl22-deficiency does not impair global protein synthesis by HSCRpl22 controls leukemia cell survival by non-canonical regulation of lipid oxidation eTOC: Rpl22 controls the function and transformation potential of hematopoietic stem cells through effects on ALOX12 expression, a regulator of fatty acid oxidation.
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Lai Y, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Xu J, Du Z, Feng Z, Yu L, Zhao Z, Wang W, Tang Y, Yang X, Guddat LW, Liu F, Gao Y, Rao Z, Gong H. Structure of the human ATP synthase. Mol Cell 2023:S1097-2765(23)00324-6. [PMID: 37244256 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biological energy currency ATP is produced by F1Fo-ATP synthase. However, the molecular mechanism for human ATP synthase action remains unknown. Here, we present snapshot images for three main rotational states and one substate of human ATP synthase using cryoelectron microscopy. These structures reveal that the release of ADP occurs when the β subunit of F1Fo-ATP synthase is in the open conformation, showing how ADP binding is coordinated during synthesis. The accommodation of the symmetry mismatch between F1 and Fo motors is resolved by the torsional flexing of the entire complex, especially the γ subunit, and the rotational substep of the c subunit. Water molecules are identified in the inlet and outlet half-channels, suggesting that the proton transfer in these two half-channels proceed via a Grotthus mechanism. Clinically relevant mutations are mapped to the structure, showing that they are mainly located at the subunit-subunit interfaces, thus causing instability of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinxu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhanqiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yanting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiuna Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Luke W Guddat
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Fengjiang Liu
- Innovative Center for Pathogen Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China.
| | - Yan Gao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Zihe Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Innovative Center for Pathogen Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Laboratory of Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hongri Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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8
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Kidere D, Zayakin P, Livcane D, Makrecka-Kuka M, Stavusis J, Lace B, Lin TK, Liou CW, Inashkina I. Impact of the m.13513G>A Variant on the Functions of the OXPHOS System and Cell Retrograde Signaling. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1794-1809. [PMID: 36975485 PMCID: PMC10047405 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in many vital functions in living cells, including the synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and regulation of nuclear gene expression through retrograde signaling. Leigh syndrome is a heterogeneous neurological disorder resulting from an isolated complex I deficiency that causes damage to mitochondrial energy production. The pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variant m.13513G>A has been associated with Leigh syndrome. The present study investigated the effects of this mtDNA variant on the OXPHOS system and cell retrograde signaling. Transmitochondrial cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cell lines harboring 50% and 70% of the m.13513G>A variant were generated and tested along with wild-type (WT) cells. The functionality of the OXPHOS system was evaluated by spectrophotometric assessment of enzyme activity and high-resolution respirometry. Nuclear gene expression was investigated by RNA sequencing and droplet digital PCR. Increasing levels of heteroplasmy were associated with reduced OXPHOS system complex I, IV, and I + III activities, and high-resolution respirometry also showed a complex I defect. Profound changes in transcription levels of nuclear genes were observed in the cell lines harboring the pathogenic mtDNA variant, indicating the physiological processes associated with defective mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Kidere
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Diana Livcane
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Janis Stavusis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Baiba Lace
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
- Children’s Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83305, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83305, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Inna Inashkina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence:
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Huo LJ, Lu PY, Li DX, Shi XZ. The sORF-Encoded Peptides, ATP Synthase Subunits, Facilitate WSSV Duplication in Shrimp. Viruses 2022; 14:2449. [PMID: 36366547 PMCID: PMC9692589 DOI: 10.3390/v14112449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Short open reading frames (sORFs) are a newly identified family of genes, and the functions of most sORF genes and their encoded peptides (SEPs) are still unknown. In this study, two ATP synthase subunits were identified in kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) as SEPs, namely MjATP5I and MjATP5L. They were widely distributed in all of the tested tissues of shrimp and upregulated in hemocytes and intestines in response to WSSV challenge. The injection of recombinant proteins (rMjATP5I and rMjATP5L) increased the expression of Ie1 and Vp28, while the knockdown of MjATP5I and MjATP5L decreased the expression of Ie1 and Vp28. All of the results suggest that MjATP5I and MjATP5L were beneficial for WSSV replication. Further exploration found that MjATP5I and MjATP5L RNAi significantly improved the shrimp survival rates, reduced ATP production, and upregulated the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes post viral challenge, and the two ATPase subunits and Relish negatively regulated each other. These results reveal that MjATP5I and MjATP5L facilitated WSSV duplication by regulating the production of ATP contents and the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Huo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Dian-Xiang Li
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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10
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Wang L, Yang Z, He X, Pu S, Yang C, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Cen X, Zhao H. Mitochondrial protein dysfunction in pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:974480. [PMID: 36157077 PMCID: PMC9489860 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.974480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for neuronal function and cell survival. Besides the well-known bioenergetics, additional mitochondrial roles in calcium signaling, lipid biogenesis, regulation of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis are pivotal in diverse cellular processes. The mitochondrial proteome encompasses about 1,500 proteins encoded by both the nuclear DNA and the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. Mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome, or combinations of both, can result in mitochondrial protein deficiencies and mitochondrial malfunction. Therefore, mitochondrial quality control by proteins involved in various surveillance mechanisms is critical for neuronal integrity and viability. Abnormal proteins involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, mitophagy, import machinery, ion channels, and mitochondrial DNA maintenance have been linked to the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases. The goal of this review is to give an overview of these pathways and to summarize the interconnections between mitochondrial protein dysfunction and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyun Yang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiumei He
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Cordts I, Semmler L, Prasuhn J, Seibt A, Herebian D, Navaratnarajah T, Park J, Deininger N, Laugwitz L, Göricke SL, Lingor P, Brüggemann N, Münchau A, Synofzik M, Timmann D, Mayr JA, Haack TB, Distelmaier F, Deschauer M. Bi-Allelic COQ4 Variants Cause Adult-Onset Ataxia-Spasticity Spectrum Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:2147-2153. [PMID: 36047608 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COQ4 codes for a mitochondrial protein required for coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) biosynthesis. Autosomal recessive COQ4-associated CoQ10 deficiency leads to an early-onset mitochondrial multi-organ disorder. METHODS In-house exome and genome datasets (n = 14,303) were screened for patients with bi-allelic variants in COQ4. Work-up included clinical characterization and functional studies in patient-derived cell lines. RESULTS Six different COQ4 variants, three of them novel, were identified in six adult patients from four different families. Three patients had a phenotype of hereditary spastic paraparesis, two sisters showed a predominant cerebellar ataxia, and one patient had mild signs of both. Studies in patient-derived fibroblast lines revealed significantly reduced amounts of COQ4 protein, decreased CoQ10 concentrations, and elevated levels of the metabolic intermediate 6-demethoxyubiquinone. CONCLUSION We report bi-allelic variants in COQ4 causing an adult-onset ataxia-spasticity spectrum phenotype and a disease course much milder than previously reported. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Cordts
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Semmler
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jannik Prasuhn
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Annette Seibt
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tharsini Navaratnarajah
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joohyun Park
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalie Deininger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lucia Laugwitz
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology, and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sophia L Göricke
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- University Children's Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcus Deschauer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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12
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Carbajosa G, Ali AT, Hodgkinson A. Identification of human mitochondrial RNA cleavage sites and candidate RNA processing factors. BMC Biol 2022; 20:168. [PMID: 35869520 PMCID: PMC9308231 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human mitochondrial genome is transcribed as long strands of RNA containing multiple genes, which require post-transcriptional cleavage and processing to release functional gene products that play vital roles in cellular energy production. Despite knowledge implicating mitochondrial post-transcriptional processes in pathologies such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, very little is known about the way their function varies on a human population level and what drives changes in these processes to ultimately influence disease risk. Here, we develop a method to detect and quantify mitochondrial RNA cleavage events from standard RNA sequencing data and apply this approach to human whole blood data from > 1000 samples across independent cohorts. RESULTS We detect 54 putative mitochondrial RNA cleavage sites that not only map to known gene boundaries, short RNA ends and RNA modification sites, but also occur at internal gene positions, suggesting novel mitochondrial RNA cleavage junctions. Inferred RNA cleavage rates correlate with mitochondrial-encoded gene expression across individuals, suggesting an impact on downstream processes. Furthermore, by comparing inferred cleavage rates to nuclear genetic variation and gene expression, we implicate multiple genes in modulating mitochondrial RNA cleavage (e.g. MRPP3, TBRG4 and FASTKD5), including a potentially novel role for RPS19 in influencing cleavage rates at a site near to the MTATP6-COX3 junction that we validate using shRNA knock down data. CONCLUSIONS We identify novel cleavage junctions associated with mitochondrial RNA processing, as well as genes newly implicated in these processes, and detect the potential impact of variation in cleavage rates on downstream phenotypes and disease processes. These results highlight the complexity of the mitochondrial transcriptome and point to novel mechanisms through which nuclear-encoded genes can potentially influence key mitochondrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Carbajosa
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aminah T Ali
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alan Hodgkinson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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13
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Li J, Yan H, Xiang R, Yang W, Ye J, Yin R, Yang J, Chi Y. ATP Secretion and Metabolism in Regulating Pancreatic Beta Cell Functions and Hepatic Glycolipid Metabolism. Front Physiol 2022; 13:918042. [PMID: 35800345 PMCID: PMC9253475 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.918042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes (DM), especially type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has become one of the major diseases severely threatening public health worldwide. Islet beta cell dysfunctions and peripheral insulin resistance including liver and muscle metabolic disorder play decisive roles in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Particularly, increased hepatic gluconeogenesis due to insulin deficiency or resistance is the central event in the development of fasting hyperglycemia. To maintain or restore the functions of islet beta cells and suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis is crucial for delaying or even stopping the progression of T2DM and diabetic complications. As the key energy outcome of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays vital roles in the process of almost all the biological activities including metabolic regulation. Cellular adenosine triphosphate participates intracellular energy transfer in all forms of life. Recently, it had also been revealed that ATP can be released by islet beta cells and hepatocytes, and the released ATP and its degraded products including ADP, AMP and adenosine act as important signaling molecules to regulate islet beta cell functions and hepatic glycolipid metabolism via the activation of P2 receptors (ATP receptors). In this review, the latest findings regarding the roles and mechanisms of intracellular and extracellular ATP in regulating islet functions and hepatic glycolipid metabolism would be briefly summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), National Center for Trauma Medicine, Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruili Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Center for Endocrine Metabolic and Immune Disease, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jichun Yang, ; Yujing Chi,
| | - Yujing Chi
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jichun Yang, ; Yujing Chi,
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14
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Jones DE, Jennings EA, Ryan RO. Diversion of Acetyl CoA to 3-Methylglutaconic Acid Caused by Discrete Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050377. [PMID: 35629880 PMCID: PMC9146172 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) have been identified that manifest 3-methylglutaconic (3MGC) aciduria as a phenotypic feature. In primary 3MGC aciduria, IEM-dependent deficiencies in leucine pathway enzymes prevent catabolism of trans-3MGC CoA. Consequently, this metabolite is converted to 3MGC acid and excreted in urine. In secondary 3MGC aciduria, however, no leucine metabolism pathway enzyme deficiencies exist. These IEMs affect mitochondrial membrane structure, electron transport chain function or ATP synthase subunits. As a result, acetyl CoA oxidation via the TCA cycle slows and acetyl CoA is diverted to trans-3MGC CoA, and then to 3MGC acid. Whereas the trans diastereomer of 3MGC CoA is the only biologically relevant diastereomer, the urine of affected subjects contains both cis- and trans-3MGC acids. Studies have revealed that trans-3MGC CoA is susceptible to isomerization to cis-3MGC CoA. Once formed, cis-3MGC CoA undergoes intramolecular cyclization, forming an anhydride that, upon hydrolysis, yields cis-3MGC acid. Alternatively, cis-3MGC anhydride can acylate protein lysine side chains. Once formed, cis-3MGCylated proteins can be deacylated by the NAD+-dependent enzyme, sirtuin 4. Taken together, the excretion of 3MGC acid in secondary 3MGC aciduria represents a barometer of defective mitochondrial function.
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15
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Garone C, Pietra A, Nesci S. From the Structural and (Dys)Function of ATP Synthase to Deficiency in Age-Related Diseases. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:401. [PMID: 35330152 PMCID: PMC8949411 DOI: 10.3390/life12030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP synthase is a mitochondrial inner membrane complex whose function is essential for cell bioenergy, being responsible for the conversion of ADP into ATP and playing a role in mitochondrial cristae morphology organization. The enzyme is composed of 18 protein subunits, 16 nuclear DNA (nDNA) encoded and two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded, organized in two domains, FO and F1. Pathogenetic variants in genes encoding structural subunits or assembly factors are responsible for fatal human diseases. Emerging evidence also underlines the role of ATP-synthase in neurodegenerative diseases as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and motor neuron diseases such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Post-translational modification, epigenetic modulation of ATP gene expression and protein level, and the mechanism of mitochondrial transition pore have been deemed responsible for neuronal cell death in vivo and in vitro models for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will explore ATP synthase assembly and function in physiological and pathological conditions by referring to the recent cryo-EM studies and by exploring human disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Garone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40137 Bologna, Italy;
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40137 Bologna, Italy
- UOC Neuropsichiatria dell’età Pediatrica, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40137 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pietra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40137 Bologna, Italy;
- UO Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40137 Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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16
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Zech M, Kopajtich R, Steinbrücker K, Bris C, Gueguen N, Feichtinger RG, Achleitner MT, Duzkale N, Périvier M, Koch J, Engelhardt H, Freisinger P, Wagner M, Brunet T, Berutti R, Smirnov D, Navaratnarajah T, Rodenburg RJ, Pais LS, Austin-Tse C, O’Leary M, Boesch S, Jech R, Bakhtiari S, Jin SC, Wilbert F, Kruer MC, Wortmann SB, Eckenweiler M, Mayr JA, Distelmaier F, Steinfeld R, Winkelmann J, Prokisch H. Variants in Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Cause Variable Neurologic Phenotypes. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:225-237. [PMID: 34954817 PMCID: PMC9939050 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ATP synthase (ATPase) is responsible for the majority of ATP production. Nevertheless, disease phenotypes associated with mutations in ATPase subunits are extremely rare. We aimed at expanding the spectrum of ATPase-related diseases. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing in cohorts with 2,962 patients diagnosed with mitochondrial disease and/or dystonia and international collaboration were used to identify deleterious variants in ATPase-encoding genes. Findings were complemented by transcriptional and proteomic profiling of patient fibroblasts. ATPase integrity and activity were assayed using cells and tissues from 5 patients. RESULTS We present 10 total individuals with biallelic or de novo monoallelic variants in nuclear ATPase subunit genes. Three unrelated patients showed the same homozygous missense ATP5F1E mutation (including one published case). An intronic splice-disrupting alteration in compound heterozygosity with a nonsense variant in ATP5PO was found in one patient. Three patients had de novo heterozygous missense variants in ATP5F1A, whereas another 3 were heterozygous for ATP5MC3 de novo missense changes. Bioinformatics methods and populational data supported the variants' pathogenicity. Immunohistochemistry, proteomics, and/or immunoblotting revealed significantly reduced ATPase amounts in association to ATP5F1E and ATP5PO mutations. Diminished activity and/or defective assembly of ATPase was demonstrated by enzymatic assays and/or immunoblotting in patient samples bearing ATP5F1A-p.Arg207His, ATP5MC3-p.Gly79Val, and ATP5MC3-p.Asn106Lys. The associated clinical profiles were heterogeneous, ranging from hypotonia with spontaneous resolution (1/10) to epilepsy with early death (1/10) or variable persistent abnormalities, including movement disorders, developmental delay, intellectual disability, hyperlactatemia, and other neurologic and systemic features. Although potentially reflecting an ascertainment bias, dystonia was common (7/10). INTERPRETATION Our results establish evidence for a previously unrecognized role of ATPase nuclear-gene defects in phenotypes characterized by neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative features. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:225-237.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zech
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Kopajtich
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steinbrücker
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Céline Bris
- Unité Mixte de Recherche MITOVASC, CNRS 6015/INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Naig Gueguen
- Unité Mixte de Recherche MITOVASC, CNRS 6015/INSERM 1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France,Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - René G. Feichtinger
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Melanie T. Achleitner
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Neslihan Duzkale
- Department of Medical Genetic, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Johannes Koch
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Harald Engelhardt
- Kinderkrankenhaus St. Marien gGmbH, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Landshut, Germany
| | | | - Matias Wagner
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Brunet
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Riccardo Berutti
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dmitrii Smirnov
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tharsini Navaratnarajah
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard J.T. Rodenburg
- Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Paediatrics Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lynn S Pais
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Austin-Tse
- Harvard Medical School & Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston & Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Melanie O’Leary
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Jech
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA,Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Friederike Wilbert
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA,Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Saskia B. Wortmann
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria,Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Eckenweiler
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes A. Mayr
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Steinfeld
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany,Lehrstuhl für Neurogenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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17
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Marković A, Tauchmannová K, Šimáková M, Mlejnek P, Kaplanová V, Pecina P, Pecinová A, Papoušek F, Liška F, Šilhavý J, Mikešová J, Neckář J, Houštěk J, Pravenec M, Mráček T. Genetic Complementation of ATP Synthase Deficiency Due to Dysfunction of TMEM70 Assembly Factor in Rat. Biomedicines 2022; 10:276. [PMID: 35203486 PMCID: PMC8869460 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the TMEM70 gene disrupt the biogenesis of the ATP synthase and represent the most frequent cause of autosomal recessive encephalo-cardio-myopathy with neonatal onset. Patient tissues show isolated defects in the ATP synthase, leading to the impaired mitochondrial synthesis of ATP and insufficient energy provision. In the current study, we tested the efficiency of gene complementation by using a transgenic rescue approach in spontaneously hypertensive rats with the targeted Tmem70 gene (SHR-Tmem70ko/ko), which leads to embryonic lethality. We generated SHR-Tmem70ko/ko knockout rats expressing the Tmem70 wild-type transgene (SHR-Tmem70ko/ko,tg/tg) under the control of the EF-1α universal promoter. Transgenic rescue resulted in viable animals that showed the variable expression of the Tmem70 transgene across the range of tissues and only minor differences in terms of the growth parameters. The TMEM70 protein was restored to 16-49% of the controls in the liver and heart, which was sufficient for the full biochemical complementation of ATP synthase biogenesis as well as for mitochondrial energetic function in the liver. In the heart, we observed partial biochemical complementation, especially in SHR-Tmem70ko/ko,tg/0 hemizygotes. As a result, this led to a minor impairment in left ventricle function. Overall, the transgenic rescue of Tmem70 in SHR-Tmem70ko/ko knockout rats resulted in the efficient complementation of ATP synthase deficiency and thus in the successful genetic treatment of an otherwise fatal mitochondrial disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Marković
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.T.); (M.Š.); (P.M.); (V.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (F.P.); (F.L.); (J.Š.); (J.M.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Tauchmannová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.T.); (M.Š.); (P.M.); (V.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (F.P.); (F.L.); (J.Š.); (J.M.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Miroslava Šimáková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.T.); (M.Š.); (P.M.); (V.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (F.P.); (F.L.); (J.Š.); (J.M.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Petr Mlejnek
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.T.); (M.Š.); (P.M.); (V.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (F.P.); (F.L.); (J.Š.); (J.M.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Vilma Kaplanová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.T.); (M.Š.); (P.M.); (V.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (F.P.); (F.L.); (J.Š.); (J.M.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Petr Pecina
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.T.); (M.Š.); (P.M.); (V.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (F.P.); (F.L.); (J.Š.); (J.M.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Alena Pecinová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.T.); (M.Š.); (P.M.); (V.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (F.P.); (F.L.); (J.Š.); (J.M.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
| | - František Papoušek
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.T.); (M.Š.); (P.M.); (V.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (F.P.); (F.L.); (J.Š.); (J.M.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
| | - František Liška
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.T.); (M.Š.); (P.M.); (V.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (F.P.); (F.L.); (J.Š.); (J.M.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šilhavý
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.T.); (M.Š.); (P.M.); (V.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (F.P.); (F.L.); (J.Š.); (J.M.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Jana Mikešová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.T.); (M.Š.); (P.M.); (V.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (F.P.); (F.L.); (J.Š.); (J.M.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Jan Neckář
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.T.); (M.Š.); (P.M.); (V.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (F.P.); (F.L.); (J.Š.); (J.M.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Josef Houštěk
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.T.); (M.Š.); (P.M.); (V.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (F.P.); (F.L.); (J.Š.); (J.M.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.T.); (M.Š.); (P.M.); (V.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (F.P.); (F.L.); (J.Š.); (J.M.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Mráček
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (K.T.); (M.Š.); (P.M.); (V.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (F.P.); (F.L.); (J.Š.); (J.M.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
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18
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Peng J, Ramatchandirin B, Pearah A, Maheshwari A, He L. Development and Functions of Mitochondria in Early Life. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2022; 1:131-141. [PMID: 37206110 PMCID: PMC10193534 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles of bacterial origin in eukaryotic cells. These play a central role in metabolism and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and in the production and regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition to the generation of energy, mitochondria perform numerous other functions to support key developmental events such as fertilization during reproduction, oocyte maturation, and the development of the embryo. During embryonic and neonatal development, mitochondria may have important effects on metabolic, energetic, and epigenetic regulation, which may have significant short- and long-term effects on embryonic and offspring health. Hence, the environment, epigenome, and early-life regulation are all linked by mitochondrial integrity, communication, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Peng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Balamurugan Ramatchandirin
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexia Pearah
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Akhil Maheshwari
- Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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19
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Jones DE, Klacking E, Ryan RO. Inborn errors of metabolism associated with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 522:96-104. [PMID: 34411555 PMCID: PMC8464523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) associated with compromised mitochondrial energy metabolism manifest an unusual phenotypic feature: 3-methylglutaconic (3MGC) aciduria. Two major categories of 3MGC aciduria, primary and secondary, have been described. In primary 3MGC aciduria, IEMs in 3MGC CoA hydratase (AUH) or HMG CoA lyase block leucine catabolism, resulting in a buildup of pathway intermediates, including 3MGC CoA. Subsequent thioester hydrolysis yields 3MGC acid, which is excreted in urine. In secondary 3MGC aciduria, no deficiencies in leucine catabolism enzymes exist and 3MGC CoA is formed de novo from acetyl CoA. In the "acetyl CoA diversion pathway", when IEMs directly, or indirectly, interfere with TCA cycle activity, acetyl CoA accumulates in the matrix space. This leads to condensation of two acetyl CoA to form acetoacetyl CoA, followed by another condensation between acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA to form 3-hydroxy, 3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA. Once formed, HMG CoA serves as a substrate for AUH, producing trans-3MGC CoA. Non enzymatic isomerization of trans-3MGC CoA to cis-3MGC CoA precedes intramolecular cyclization to cis-3MGC anhydride plus CoA. Subsequent hydrolysis of cis-3MGC anhydride gives rise to cis-3MGC acid, which is excreted in urine. In reviewing 20 discrete IEMs that manifest secondary 3MGC aciduria, evidence supporting the acetyl CoA diversion pathway was obtained. This biochemical pathway serves as an "overflow valve" in muscle / brain tissue to redirect acetyl CoA to 3MGC CoA when entry to the TCA cycle is impeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Emma Klacking
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Robert O Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States.
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20
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Zeviani M. A de novo mutation in mitochondrial ATPsynthase subunit α causes a life threatening disease in neonates which heals in infancy. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1593-1594. [PMID: 34531511 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Zeviani
- University of Padova Department of Neurosciences Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine Via Orus 2, Padova, Italy.
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21
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A recurrent de novo ATP5F1A substitution associated with neonatal complex V deficiency. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1719-1724. [PMID: 34483339 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are a heterogeneous group of rare, degenerative multisystem disorders affecting the cell's core bioenergetic and signalling functions. Spontaneous improvement is rare. We describe a novel neonatal-onset mitochondriopathy in three infants with failure to thrive, hyperlactatemia, hyperammonemia, and apparent clinical resolution before 18 months. Exome sequencing showed all three probands to be identically heterozygous for a recurrent de novo substitution, c.620G>A [p.(Arg207His)] in ATP5F1A, encoding the α-subunit of complex V. Patient-derived fibroblasts exhibited multiple deficits in complex V function and expression in vitro. Structural modelling predicts the observed substitution to create an abnormal region of negative charge on ATP5F1A's β-subunit-interacting surface, adjacent to the nearby β subunit's active site. This disorder, which presents with life-threatening neonatal manifestations, appears to follow a remitting course; the long-term prognosis remains unknown.
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22
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Zanfardino P, Doccini S, Santorelli FM, Petruzzella V. Tackling Dysfunction of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8325. [PMID: 34361091 PMCID: PMC8348117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is the basic function of mitochondria, although the landscape of mitochondrial functions is continuously growing to include more aspects of cellular homeostasis. Thanks to the application of -omics technologies to the study of the OxPhos system, novel features emerge from the cataloging of novel proteins as mitochondrial thus adding details to the mitochondrial proteome and defining novel metabolic cellular interrelations, especially in the human brain. We focussed on the diversity of bioenergetics demand and different aspects of mitochondrial structure, functions, and dysfunction in the brain. Definition such as 'mitoexome', 'mitoproteome' and 'mitointeractome' have entered the field of 'mitochondrial medicine'. In this context, we reviewed several genetic defects that hamper the last step of aerobic metabolism, mostly involving the nervous tissue as one of the most prominent energy-dependent tissues and, as consequence, as a primary target of mitochondrial dysfunction. The dual genetic origin of the OxPhos complexes is one of the reasons for the complexity of the genotype-phenotype correlation when facing human diseases associated with mitochondrial defects. Such complexity clinically manifests with extremely heterogeneous symptoms, ranging from organ-specific to multisystemic dysfunction with different clinical courses. Finally, we briefly discuss the future directions of the multi-omics study of human brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zanfardino
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stefano Doccini
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | | | - Vittoria Petruzzella
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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23
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Ying C, Yangsheng W, Jiapeng L, Liqin W, Xiaolin L, Mingjun L, Juncheng H. Transcriptome profiles of pre-pubertal and adult in vitro matured ovine oocytes obtained from FSH-stimulated animals. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1085-1094. [PMID: 33993545 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pre-pubertal females produce more oocytes than adult individuals, but the ability of oocytes to undergo embryonic development and produce viable offspring is less in pre-pubertal animals than in adult animals. Oocyte quality is associated with abnormal gene expression. To date, the transcriptome profiles of 1-month-old lamb oocytes after in vitro maturation (IVM) are poorly reported. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lamb oocytes with varying competencies, affecting oocyte competence. Using RNA sequencing (RNA developmental -seq) technology, the transcriptome profiles of 1-month-old lamb oocytes after IVM were assessed, and oocytes from adult sheep large follicles were used as controls. We found 11 up-regulated and 39 down-regulated DEGs in lamb oocytes. Gene Ontology analysis of DEGs showed that molecular functions were clustered in catalytic and binding activities, while biological processes were clustered in metabolic process, cellular process, single-organism process and biological regulation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the DEGs were involved in oxidative phosphorylation, transforming growth factor-beta signalling pathway, or DNA replication. In lamb MII oocytes, down-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation genes (ATP5E, NDUFA7 and COX6C), thiol protease inhibitor (CSTB) and 26S proteasome component (SHFM1) and up-regulation of CUL1, MARCH7 and TRIM17 might cause low competence of lamb embryos. In conclusion, this study provided detailed information on mRNA transcriptomes in lamb oocytes after IVM, which offers insights into the reduced developmental potential of lamb oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ying
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wu Yangsheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Grass Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China.,Institute of Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Lin Jiapeng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Grass Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China.,Institute of Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Wang Liqin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Grass Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China.,Institute of Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Xiaolin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Liu Mingjun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Grass Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China.,Institute of Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Huang Juncheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Grass Feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China.,Institute of Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
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24
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Differential Proteomics Analysis of the Subcutaneous Connective Tissues in Alcian Blue Tracks along Conception Vessel and Adjacent Nonmeridian in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5550694. [PMID: 34035822 PMCID: PMC8116161 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5550694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In more than half a century, exploring the biological connotation of the meridians was one of the core components of scientific research studies in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Based on the previous works of low hydraulic resistance channel (LHRC) along meridians (LHRCM), the differential proteomics between the Alcian blue track (ABT) on LHRC along the conception vessel (CV) and nonmeridians tissue next to the CV were investigated in this study to explore the material basis and biological function of LHRCM. Proteomics based on LC-MS was introduced into the subcutaneous connective tissues (SCT) of ABT along the CV and the adjacent nonmeridian (1 cm from the CV). A total of 2328 proteins were identified from ABT along the CV and adjacent nonmeridian based on data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode. In total, 1970 proteins were quantified based on the SWATH (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ions) label-free model, and the nonstandard and quantitative methods of MSALL were applied to analyze the data. There were 468 proteins differentially expressed. GO analytic results showed that the differential proteins were of varieties in molecular function and biological process. Most of differential proteins were involved in metabolic process, cellular process, response to hormone, and response to wounding. Further analysis showed that the upregulated differential proteins involved in ATP metabolism (ATP5E, GAPDH), redox reactions (Gpx-3), and Ca2+ transmembrane transport (CACNA2D1) were closely related to meridian phenomenon and acupuncture effect. These differential proteins would be potential characteristic proteins of the LHRC along the CV in rats which may be useful to deepen the knowledge on LHRCM.
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25
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Galber C, Carissimi S, Baracca A, Giorgio V. The ATP Synthase Deficiency in Human Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040325. [PMID: 33917760 PMCID: PMC8068106 DOI: 10.3390/life11040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human diseases range from gene-associated to gene-non-associated disorders, including age-related diseases, neurodegenerative, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, diabetic diseases, neurocognitive disorders and cancer. Mitochondria participate to the cascades of pathogenic events leading to the onset and progression of these diseases independently of their association to mutations of genes encoding mitochondrial protein. Under physiological conditions, the mitochondrial ATP synthase provides the most energy of the cell via the oxidative phosphorylation. Alterations of oxidative phosphorylation mainly affect the tissues characterized by a high-energy metabolism, such as nervous, cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues. In this review, we focus on human diseases caused by altered expressions of ATP synthase genes of both mitochondrial and nuclear origin. Moreover, we describe the contribution of ATP synthase to the pathophysiological mechanisms of other human diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases or neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galber
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Carissimi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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26
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Blackout in the powerhouse: clinical phenotypes associated with defects in the assembly of OXPHOS complexes and the mitoribosome. Biochem J 2021; 477:4085-4132. [PMID: 33151299 PMCID: PMC7657662 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria produce the bulk of the energy used by almost all eukaryotic cells through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) which occurs on the four complexes of the respiratory chain and the F1–F0 ATPase. Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogenous group of conditions affecting OXPHOS, either directly through mutation of genes encoding subunits of OXPHOS complexes, or indirectly through mutations in genes encoding proteins supporting this process. These include proteins that promote assembly of the OXPHOS complexes, the post-translational modification of subunits, insertion of cofactors or indeed subunit synthesis. The latter is important for all 13 of the proteins encoded by human mitochondrial DNA, which are synthesised on mitochondrial ribosomes. Together the five OXPHOS complexes and the mitochondrial ribosome are comprised of more than 160 subunits and many more proteins support their biogenesis. Mutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial genes encoding these proteins have been reported to cause mitochondrial disease, many leading to defective complex assembly with the severity of the assembly defect reflecting the severity of the disease. This review aims to act as an interface between the clinical and basic research underpinning our knowledge of OXPHOS complex and ribosome assembly, and the dysfunction of this process in mitochondrial disease.
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27
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Mitochondrial Structure and Bioenergetics in Normal and Disease Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020586. [PMID: 33435522 PMCID: PMC7827222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are ubiquitous intracellular organelles found in almost all eukaryotes and involved in various aspects of cellular life, with a primary role in energy production. The interest in this organelle has grown stronger with the discovery of their link to various pathologies, including cancer, aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, dysfunctional mitochondria cannot provide the required energy to tissues with a high-energy demand, such as heart, brain and muscles, leading to a large spectrum of clinical phenotypes. Mitochondrial defects are at the origin of a group of clinically heterogeneous pathologies, called mitochondrial diseases, with an incidence of 1 in 5000 live births. Primary mitochondrial diseases are associated with genetic mutations both in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), affecting genes involved in every aspect of the organelle function. As a consequence, it is difficult to find a common cause for mitochondrial diseases and, subsequently, to offer a precise clinical definition of the pathology. Moreover, the complexity of this condition makes it challenging to identify possible therapies or drug targets.
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28
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Prola A, Blondelle J, Vandestienne A, Piquereau J, Denis RGP, Guyot S, Chauvin H, Mourier A, Maurer M, Henry C, Khadhraoui N, Gallerne C, Molinié T, Courtin G, Guillaud L, Gressette M, Solgadi A, Dumont F, Castel J, Ternacle J, Demarquoy J, Malgoyre A, Koulmann N, Derumeaux G, Giraud MF, Joubert F, Veksler V, Luquet S, Relaix F, Tiret L, Pilot-Storck F. Cardiolipin content controls mitochondrial coupling and energetic efficiency in muscle. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/1/eabd6322. [PMID: 33523852 PMCID: PMC7775760 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd6322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Unbalanced energy partitioning participates in the rise of obesity, a major public health concern in many countries. Increasing basal energy expenditure has been proposed as a strategy to fight obesity yet raises efficiency and safety concerns. Here, we show that mice deficient for a muscle-specific enzyme of very-long-chain fatty acid synthesis display increased basal energy expenditure and protection against high-fat diet-induced obesity. Mechanistically, muscle-specific modulation of the very-long-chain fatty acid pathway was associated with a reduced content of the inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipid cardiolipin and a blunted coupling efficiency between the respiratory chain and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) synthase, which was restored by cardiolipin enrichment. Our study reveals that selective increase of lipid oxidative capacities in skeletal muscle, through the cardiolipin-dependent lowering of mitochondrial ATP production, provides an effective option against obesity at the whole-body level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Prola
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jordan Blondelle
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Aymeline Vandestienne
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jérôme Piquereau
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | - Stéphane Guyot
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Hadrien Chauvin
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Arnaud Mourier
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Maurer
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Céline Henry
- PAPPSO, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nahed Khadhraoui
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Cindy Gallerne
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Thibaut Molinié
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Courtin
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Guillaud
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Mélanie Gressette
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Audrey Solgadi
- UMS IPSIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Florent Dumont
- UMS IPSIT, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Julien Castel
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Julien Ternacle
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Derumeaux, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Jean Demarquoy
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alexandra Malgoyre
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, F-91220 Brétigny-Sur-Orge, France
- LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91025 Evry, France
| | - Nathalie Koulmann
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, F-91220 Brétigny-Sur-Orge, France
- LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91025 Evry, France
- École du Val de Grâce, Place Alphonse Laveran, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Derumeaux
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Derumeaux, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | | | - Frédéric Joubert
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 8237, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Vladimir Veksler
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France.
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Tiret
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France.
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Fanny Pilot-Storck
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France.
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
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Fernandez-Vizarra E, Zeviani M. Mitochondrial disorders of the OXPHOS system. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:1062-1106. [PMID: 33159691 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are among the most frequent inborn errors of metabolism, their primary cause being the dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). OXPHOS is composed of the electron transport chain (ETC), formed by four multimeric enzymes and two mobile electron carriers, plus an ATP synthase [also called complex V (cV)]. The ETC performs the redox reactions involved in cellular respiration while generating the proton motive force used by cV to synthesize ATP. OXPHOS biogenesis involves multiple steps, starting from the expression of genes encoded in physically separated genomes, namely the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, to the coordinated assembly of components and cofactors building each individual complex and eventually the supercomplexes. The genetic cause underlying around half of the diagnosed mitochondrial disease cases is currently known. Many of these cases result from pathogenic variants in genes encoding structural subunits or additional factors directly involved in the assembly of the ETC complexes. Here, we review the historical and most recent findings concerning the clinical phenotypes and the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying this particular group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Fernandez-Vizarra
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Italy
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30
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Human Mitochondrial Pathologies of the Respiratory Chain and ATP Synthase: Contributions from Studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110304. [PMID: 33238568 PMCID: PMC7700678 DOI: 10.3390/life10110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ease with which the unicellular yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be manipulated genetically and biochemically has established this organism as a good model for the study of human mitochondrial diseases. The combined use of biochemical and molecular genetic tools has been instrumental in elucidating the functions of numerous yeast nuclear gene products with human homologs that affect a large number of metabolic and biological processes, including those housed in mitochondria. These include structural and catalytic subunits of enzymes and protein factors that impinge on the biogenesis of the respiratory chain. This article will review what is currently known about the genetics and clinical phenotypes of mitochondrial diseases of the respiratory chain and ATP synthase, with special emphasis on the contribution of information gained from pet mutants with mutations in nuclear genes that impair mitochondrial respiration. Our intent is to provide the yeast mitochondrial specialist with basic knowledge of human mitochondrial pathologies and the human specialist with information on how genes that directly and indirectly affect respiration were identified and characterized in yeast.
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31
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Saneto RP. Mitochondrial diseases: expanding the diagnosis in the era of genetic testing. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2020; 4:384-428. [PMID: 33426505 PMCID: PMC7791531 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2020.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. These diseases were initially described a little over three decades ago. Limited diagnostic tools created disease descriptions based on clinical, biochemical analytes, neuroimaging, and muscle biopsy findings. This diagnostic mechanism continued to evolve detection of inherited oxidative phosphorylation disorders and expanded discovery of mitochondrial physiology over the next two decades. Limited genetic testing hampered the definitive diagnostic identification and breadth of diseases. Over the last decade, the development and incorporation of massive parallel sequencing has identified approximately 300 genes involved in mitochondrial disease. Gene testing has enlarged our understanding of how genetic defects lead to cellular dysfunction and disease. These findings have expanded the understanding of how mechanisms of mitochondrial physiology can induce dysfunction and disease, but the complete collection of disease-causing gene variants remains incomplete. This article reviews the developments in disease gene discovery and the incorporation of gene findings with mitochondrial physiology. This understanding is critical to the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell P. Saneto
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Neurology/Division of Pediatric Neurology, Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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32
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Chapman J, Ng YS, Nicholls TJ. The Maintenance of Mitochondrial DNA Integrity and Dynamics by Mitochondrial Membranes. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090164. [PMID: 32858900 PMCID: PMC7555930 DOI: 10.3390/life10090164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex organelles that harbour their own genome. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exists in the form of a circular double-stranded DNA molecule that must be replicated, segregated and distributed around the mitochondrial network. Human cells typically possess between a few hundred and several thousand copies of the mitochondrial genome, located within the mitochondrial matrix in close association with the cristae ultrastructure. The organisation of mtDNA around the mitochondrial network requires mitochondria to be dynamic and undergo both fission and fusion events in coordination with the modulation of cristae architecture. The dysregulation of these processes has profound effects upon mtDNA replication, manifesting as a loss of mtDNA integrity and copy number, and upon the subsequent distribution of mtDNA around the mitochondrial network. Mutations within genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics or cristae modulation cause a wide range of neurological disorders frequently associated with defects in mtDNA maintenance. This review aims to provide an understanding of the biological mechanisms that link mitochondrial dynamics and mtDNA integrity, as well as examine the interplay that occurs between mtDNA, mitochondrial dynamics and cristae structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chapman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (T.J.N.)
| | - Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Thomas J. Nicholls
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (T.J.N.)
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33
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Homoplasmic deleterious MT-ATP6/8 mutations in adult patients. Mitochondrion 2020; 55:64-77. [PMID: 32858252 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To address the frequency of complex V defects, we systematically sequenced MT-ATP6/8 genes in 512 consecutive patients. We performed functional analysis in muscle or fibroblasts for 12 out of 27 putative homoplasmic mutations and in cybrids for four. Fibroblasts, muscle and cybrids with known deleterious mutations underwent parallel analysis. It included oxidative phosphorylation spectrophotometric assays, western blots, structural analysis, ATP production, glycolysis and cell proliferation evaluation. We demonstrated the deleterious nature of three original mutations. Striking gradation in severity of the mutations consequences and differences between muscle, fibroblasts and cybrids implied a likely under-diagnosis of human complex V defects.
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34
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Qi X, Zhong X, Xu S, Zeng B, Chen J, Zang G, Zeng L, Bai S, Zhou C, Wei H, Xie P. Extracellular Matrix and Oxidative Phosphorylation: Important Role in the Regulation of Hypothalamic Function by Gut Microbiota. Front Genet 2020; 11:520. [PMID: 32670347 PMCID: PMC7330020 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In previous studies, our team examined the gut microbiota of healthy individuals and depressed patients using fecal microbiota transplantation of germ-free (GF) mice. Our results showed that depression-like and anxiety-like behavioral phenotypes of host mice were increased, but the molecular mechanism by which gut microbiota regulate host behavioral phenotypes is still unclear. Methods To investigate the molecular mechanism by which gut microbiota regulate host brain function, adult GF mice were colonized with fecal samples derived from healthy control (HC) individuals or patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Transcriptomic profiling of hypothalamus samples was performed to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs). qRT-PCR was used for validation experiments. Results Colonization germ-free (CGF) mice had 243 DEGs compared with GF mice. The most enriched KEGG pathways associated with upregulated genes were "protein digestion and absorption," "extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction," and "focal adhesion." MDD mice had 642 DEGs compared with HC mice. The most enriched KEGG pathways associated with upregulated genes in MDD mice were also "protein digestion and absorption," "ECM-receptor interaction," and "focal adhesion." Meanwhile, the most enriched KEGG pathway associated with downregulated genes in these mice was "oxidative phosphorylation," and genes related to this pathway were found to be highly correlated in PPI network analysis. Conclusion In summary, our findings suggested that regulation of ECM is a key mechanism shared by different gut microbiota and that inhibition of energy metabolism in the hypothalamus by gut microbiota derived from MDD patients is a potential mechanism of behavioral regulation and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunzhong Qi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Benhua Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangchao Zang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Pathogen Biology and Immunology Laboratory, and Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunjie Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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35
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Mukherjee S, Ghosh A. Molecular mechanism of mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly and its relation to mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:1-20. [PMID: 32304865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) is comprised of ~92 nuclear and mitochondrial DNA-encoded protein subunits that are organized into five different multi-subunit respiratory complexes. These complexes produce 90% of the ATP required for cell sustenance. Specific sets of subunits are assembled in a modular or non-modular fashion to construct the MRC complexes. The complete assembly process is gradually chaperoned by a myriad of assembly factors that must coordinate with several other prosthetic groups to reach maturity, makingthe entire processextensively complicated. Further, the individual respiratory complexes can be integrated intovarious giant super-complexes whose functional roles have yet to be explored. Mutations in the MRC subunits and in the related assembly factors often give rise to defects in the proper assembly of the respiratory chain, which then manifests as a group of disorders called mitochondrial diseases, the most common inborn errors of metabolism. This review summarizes the current understanding of the biogenesis of individual MRC complexes and super-complexes, and explores how mutations in the different subunits and assembly factors contribute to mitochondrial disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Alok Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
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36
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Sánchez-Caballero L, Elurbe DM, Baertling F, Guerrero-Castillo S, van den Brand M, van Strien J, van Dam TJP, Rodenburg R, Brandt U, Huynen MA, Nijtmans LGJ. TMEM70 functions in the assembly of complexes I and V. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148202. [PMID: 32275929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein complexes from the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system are assembled with the help of proteins called assembly factors. We here delineate the function of the inner mitochondrial membrane protein TMEM70, in which mutations have been linked to OXPHOS deficiencies, using a combination of BioID, complexome profiling and coevolution analyses. TMEM70 interacts with complex I and V and for both complexes the loss of TMEM70 results in the accumulation of an assembly intermediate followed by a reduction of the next assembly intermediate in the pathway. This indicates that TMEM70 has a role in the stability of membrane-bound subassemblies or in the membrane recruitment of subunits into the forming complex. Independent evidence for a role of TMEM70 in OXPHOS assembly comes from evolutionary analyses. The TMEM70/TMEM186/TMEM223 protein family, of which we show that TMEM186 and TMEM223 are mitochondrial in human as well, only occurs in species with OXPHOS complexes. Our results validate the use of combining complexome profiling with BioID and evolutionary analyses in elucidating congenital defects in protein complex assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Caballero
- Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dei M Elurbe
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fabian Baertling
- Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sergio Guerrero-Castillo
- Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mariel van den Brand
- Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joeri van Strien
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Teunis J P van Dam
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Rodenburg
- Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Huynen
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Leo G J Nijtmans
- Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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37
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Changes in the expression of oxidative phosphorylation complexes in the aging intestinal mucosa. Exp Gerontol 2020; 135:110924. [PMID: 32173460 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondria produce cellular energy via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mediated by respiratory chain complexes I to IV and ATP synthase (complex V). Mitochondrial respiratory complexes have been shown to decline with age in several tissues. As the intestinal epithelium is a tissue with a high energy demand, the aim of the present study was to establish whether the expression profile of OXPHOS subunits in the intestinal mucosa changes during the aging process. DESIGN Biopsies of intestinal mucosa with no evidence of endoscopic or histomorphologic abnormalities, taken from 55 patients (mean age 42 years, age range 4-82 years; 62% female), were divided into four age groups (4-19, 20-39, 40-59, ≥60 years). Sections from different intestinal segments (terminal ileum, ascending colon, and sigmoid colon/rectum) were stained immunohistochemically (IHC) for subunits of OXPHOS complexes I-V and the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 protein (VDAC1, porin), a marker of mitochondrial mass. Scores for IHC staining were determined by multiplication of the staining intensity and the percentage of positive cells. In addition, the numbers of intestinal crypts staining positive, partly positive, and negative were assessed. RESULTS The average protein expression levels of OXPHOS subunits increased continuously from childhood onward, peaked in persons aged 20 to 59 years, and declined thereafter. This was seen for complexes II to V in the terminal ileum, complexes I to V in the ascending colon, and complexes I to IV in the sigmoid colon/rectum. Across all age groups, no effect of age on expression of the porin subunit VDAC1 was detected. The number of complex I- and IV-negative crypts in different intestinal segments increased with age. CONCLUSION The protein expression levels of OXPHOS complexes increases from childhood onward and declines in elderly individuals, while the numbers of crypts with partial or complete loss of expression of complexes I and IV increase continuously with age. These data suggest that the continued reductions in the levels of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes in crypts might be compensated in adulthood, but that, ultimately, reduced expression levels occur in persons aged 60 years and older. These findings raise two important questions: first, can the process of aging could be delayed through (pharmacological) intervention of mitochondrial pathways, and second, pathophysiologically, are these findings associated with disorders of the intestinal mucosa, e.g. inflammation?
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38
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Biochemical thresholds for pathological presentation of ATP synthase deficiencies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:1036-1041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Kovalčíková J, Vrbacký M, Pecina P, Tauchmannová K, Nůsková H, Kaplanová V, Brázdová A, Alán L, Eliáš J, Čunátová K, Kořínek V, Sedlacek R, Mráček T, Houštěk J. TMEM70 facilitates biogenesis of mammalian ATP synthase by promoting subunit c incorporation into the rotor structure of the enzyme. FASEB J 2019; 33:14103-14117. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900685rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kovalčíková
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vrbacký
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pecina
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Tauchmannová
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Nůsková
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vilma Kaplanová
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Brázdová
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Alán
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Eliáš
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Čunátová
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kořínek
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases and Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Mráček
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Houštěk
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Vamecq J, Papegay B, Nuyens V, Boogaerts J, Leo O, Kruys V. Mitochondrial dysfunction, AMPK activation and peroxisomal metabolism: A coherent scenario for non-canonical 3-methylglutaconic acidurias. Biochimie 2019; 168:53-82. [PMID: 31626852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA) is a well understood phenomenon in leucine oxidation and ketogenesis disorders (primary 3-MGAs). In contrast, its genesis in non-canonical (secondary) 3-MGAs, a growing-up group of disorders encompassing more than a dozen of inherited metabolic diseases, is a mystery still remaining unresolved for three decades. To puzzle out this anthologic problem of metabolism, three clues were considered: (i) the variety of disorders suggests a common cellular target at the cross-road of metabolic and signaling pathways, (ii) the response to leucine loading test only discriminative for primary but not secondary 3-MGAs suggests these latter are disorders of extramitochondrial HMG-CoA metabolism as also attested by their failure to increase 3-hydroxyisovalerate, a mitochondrial metabolite accumulating only in primary 3-MGAs, (iii) the peroxisome is an extramitochondrial site possessing its own pool and displaying metabolism of HMG-CoA, suggesting its possible involvement in producing extramitochondrial 3-methylglutaconate (3-MG). Following these clues provides a unifying common basis to non-canonical 3-MGAs: constitutive mitochondrial dysfunction induces AMPK activation which, by inhibiting early steps in cholesterol and fatty acid syntheses, pipelines cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA to peroxisomes where a rise in HMG-CoA followed by local dehydration and hydrolysis may lead to 3-MGA yield. Additional contributors are considered, notably for 3-MGAs associated with hyperammonemia, and to a lesser extent in CLPB deficiency. Metabolic and signaling itineraries followed by the proposed scenario are essentially sketched, being provided with compelling evidence from the literature coming in their support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Hormonology, Metabolism-Nutrition & Oncology (HMNO), Center of Biology and Pathology (CBP) Pierre-Marie Degand, CHRU Lille, EA 7364 RADEME, University of North France, Lille, France.
| | - Bérengère Papegay
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Jean Boogaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
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Haraux F, Lombès A. Kinetic analysis of ATP hydrolysis by complex V in four murine tissues: Towards an assay suitable for clinical diagnosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221886. [PMID: 31461494 PMCID: PMC6713359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ATP synthase, the mitochondrial complex V, plays a major role in bioenergetics and its defects lead to severe diseases. Lack of a consensual protocol for the assay of complex V activity probably explains the under-representation of complex V defect among mitochondrial diseases. The aim of this work was to elaborate a fast, simple and reliable method to check the maximal complex V capacity in samples relevant to clinical diagnosis. Methods Using homogenates from four different murine organs, we tested the use of dodecylmaltoside, stability of the activity, linearity with protein amount, sensitivity to oligomycin and to exogenous inhibitory factor 1 (IF1), influence of freezing, and impact of mitochondrial purification. Results We obtained organ-dependent, reproducible and stable complex V specific activities, similar with fresh and frozen organs. Similar inhibition by oligomycin and exogenous IF1 demonstrated tight coupling between F1 and F0 domains. The Michaelis constant for MgATP had close values for all organs, in the 150–220 μM range. Complex V catalytic turnover rate, as measured in preparations solubilized in detergent using immunotitration and activity measurements, was more than three times higher in extracts from brain or muscle than in extracts from heart or liver. This tissue specificity suggested post-translational modifications. Concomitant measurement of respiratory activities showed only slightly different complex II/complex V ratio in the four organs. In contrast, complex I/complex V ratio differed in brain as compared to the three other organs because of a high complex I activity in brain. Mitochondria purification preserved these ratios, except for brain where selective degradation of complex I occurred. Therefore, mitochondrial purification could introduce a biased enzymatic evaluation. Conclusion Altogether, this work demonstrates that a reliable assay of complex V activity is perfectly possible with very small samples from frozen biopsies, which was confirmed using control and deficient human muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Haraux
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,UMR 9198, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anne Lombès
- Institut Cochin, Unité U1016, INSERM, Paris, France.,UMR 8104, CNRS, Paris, France.,Université Paris 5, Paris, France
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ATP Synthase Subunit Epsilon Overexpression Promotes Metastasis by Modulating AMPK Signaling to Induce Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Is a Poor Prognostic Marker in Colorectal Cancer Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8071070. [PMID: 31330880 PMCID: PMC6678251 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains the major cause of death from colon cancer. We intend to identify differentially expressed genes that are associated with the metastatic process and prognosis in colon cancer. ATP synthase epsilon subunit (ATP5E) gene was found to encode the mitochondrial F0F1 ATP synthase subunit epsilon that was overexpressed in tumor cells compared to their normal counterparts, while other genes encoding the ATP synthase subunit were repressed in public microarray datasets. CRC cells in which ATP5E was silenced showed markedly reduced invasive and migratory abilities. ATP5E inhibition significantly reduced the incidence of distant metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. Mechanistically, increased ATP5E expression resulted in a prominent reduction in E-cadherin and an increase in Snail expression. Our data also showed that an elevated ATP5E level in metastatic colon cancer samples was significantly associated with the AMPK-AKT-hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) signaling axis; silencing ATP5E led to the degradation of HIF1α under hypoxia through AMPK-AKT signaling. Our findings suggest that elevated ATP5E expression could serve as a marker of distant metastasis and a poor prognosis in colon cancer, and ATP5E functions via modulating AMPK-AKT-HIF1α signaling.
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Tort F, Ugarteburu O, Texidó L, Gea-Sorlí S, García-Villoria J, Ferrer-Cortès X, Arias Á, Matalonga L, Gort L, Ferrer I, Guitart-Mampel M, Garrabou G, Vaz FM, Pristoupilova A, Rodríguez MIE, Beltran S, Cardellach F, Wanders RJ, Fillat C, García-Silva MT, Ribes A. Mutations in TIMM50 cause severe mitochondrial dysfunction by targeting key aspects of mitochondrial physiology. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1700-1712. [PMID: 31058414 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA-uria) syndromes comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases associated with mitochondrial membrane defects. Whole-exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous mutations in TIMM50 (c.[341 G>A];[805 G>A]) in a boy with West syndrome, optic atrophy, neutropenia, cardiomyopathy, Leigh syndrome, and persistent 3-MGA-uria. A comprehensive analysis of the mitochondrial function was performed in fibroblasts of the patient to elucidate the molecular basis of the disease. TIMM50 protein was severely reduced in the patient fibroblasts, regardless of the normal mRNA levels, suggesting that the mutated residues might be important for TIMM50 protein stability. Severe morphological defects and ultrastructural abnormalities with aberrant mitochondrial cristae organization in muscle and fibroblasts were found. The levels of fully assembled OXPHOS complexes and supercomplexes were strongly reduced in fibroblasts from this patient. High-resolution respirometry demonstrated a significant reduction of the maximum respiratory capacity. A TIMM50-deficient HEK293T cell line that we generated using CRISPR/Cas9 mimicked the respiratory defect observed in the patient fibroblasts; notably, this defect was rescued by transfection with a plasmid encoding the TIMM50 wild-type protein. In summary, we demonstrated that TIMM50 deficiency causes a severe mitochondrial dysfunction by targeting key aspects of mitochondrial physiology, such as the maintenance of proper mitochondrial morphology, OXPHOS assembly, and mitochondrial respiratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Tort
- Secció d'Errors Congènits del Metabolisme -IBC, Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olatz Ugarteburu
- Secció d'Errors Congènits del Metabolisme -IBC, Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Texidó
- Secció d'Errors Congènits del Metabolisme -IBC, Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabrina Gea-Sorlí
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit García-Villoria
- Secció d'Errors Congènits del Metabolisme -IBC, Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xènia Ferrer-Cortès
- Secció d'Errors Congènits del Metabolisme -IBC, Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángela Arias
- Secció d'Errors Congènits del Metabolisme -IBC, Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leslie Matalonga
- Secció d'Errors Congènits del Metabolisme -IBC, Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Gort
- Secció d'Errors Congènits del Metabolisme -IBC, Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona; Bellvitge University Hospital; IDIBELL; Network Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Guitart-Mampel
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Glòria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederick M Vaz
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Pristoupilova
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Research Unit for Rare Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), CNAG-CRG, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sergi Beltran
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), CNAG-CRG, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Cardellach
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ronald Ja Wanders
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Teresa García-Silva
- Unidad de Enfermedades Mitocondriales- Enfermedades Metabólicas Hereditarias. Servicio de Pediatría. Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, U723 CIBERER, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Ribes
- Secció d'Errors Congènits del Metabolisme -IBC, Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
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Ganetzky RD, Stendel C, McCormick EM, Zolkipli-Cunningham Z, Goldstein AC, Klopstock T, Falk MJ. MT-ATP6 mitochondrial disease variants: Phenotypic and biochemical features analysis in 218 published cases and cohort of 14 new cases. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:499-515. [PMID: 30763462 PMCID: PMC6506718 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex V (CV) generates cellular energy as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial disease caused by the m.8993T>G pathogenic variant in the CV subunit gene MT-ATP6 was among the first described human mitochondrial DNA diseases. Due to a lack of clinically available functional assays, validating the definitive pathogenicity of additional MT-ATP6 variants remains challenging. We reviewed all reportedMT-ATP6 disease cases ( n = 218) to date, to assess for MT-ATP6 variants, heteroplasmy levels, and inheritance correlation with clinical presentation and biochemical findings. We further describe the clinical and biochemical features of a new cohort of 14 kindreds with MT-ATP6 variants of uncertain significance. Despite extensive overlap in the heteroplasmy levels of MT-ATP6 variant carriers with and without a wide range of clinical symptoms, previously reported symptomatic subjects had significantly higher heteroplasmy load (p = 2.2 x 10-16 ). Pathogenic MT-ATP6 variants resulted in diverse biochemical features. The most common findings were reduced ATP synthesis rate, preserved ATP hydrolysis capacity, and abnormally increased mitochondrial membrane potential. However, no single biochemical feature was universally observed. Extensive heterogeneity exists among both clinical and biochemical features of distinct MT-ATP6 variants. Improved mechanistic understanding and development of consistent biochemical diagnostic analyses are needed to permit accurate pathogenicity assessment of variants of uncertain significance in MT-ATP6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca D. Ganetzky
- Department of Pediatrics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
USA
| | - Claudia Stendel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elizabeth M. McCormick
- Department of Pediatrics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
USA
| | - Amy C. Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
USA
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marni J. Falk
- Department of Pediatrics, Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
USA
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Zastrow DB, Kohler JN, Bonner D, Reuter CM, Fernandez L, Grove ME, Fisk DG, Yang Y, Eng CM, Ward PA, Bick D, Worthey EA, Fisher PG, Ashley EA, Bernstein JA, Wheeler MT. A toolkit for genetics providers in follow-up of patients with non-diagnostic exome sequencing. J Genet Couns 2019; 28:213-228. [PMID: 30964584 PMCID: PMC7385984 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are approximately 7,000 rare diseases affecting 25-30 million Americans, with 80% estimated to have a genetic basis. This presents a challenge for genetics practitioners to determine appropriate testing, make accurate diagnoses, and conduct up-to-date patient management. Exome sequencing (ES) is a comprehensive diagnostic approach, but only 25%-41% of the patients receive a molecular diagnosis. The remaining three-fifths to three-quarters of patients undergoing ES remain undiagnosed. The Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (CUD), a clinical site of the Undiagnosed Diseases Network, evaluates patients with undiagnosed and rare diseases using a combination of methods including ES. Frequently these patients have non-diagnostic ES results, but strategic follow-up techniques identify diagnoses in a subset. We present techniques used at the CUD that can be adopted by genetics providers in clinical follow-up of cases where ES is non-diagnostic. Solved case examples illustrate different types of non-diagnostic results and the additional techniques that led to a diagnosis. Frequent approaches include segregation analysis, data reanalysis, genome sequencing, additional variant identification, careful phenotype-disease correlation, confirmatory testing, and case matching. We also discuss prioritization of cases for additional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B Zastrow
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jennefer N Kohler
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Devon Bonner
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Chloe M Reuter
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Liliana Fernandez
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Megan E Grove
- Clinical Genomics Program, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California
| | - Dianna G Fisk
- Clinical Genomics Program, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California
| | | | | | | | - David Bick
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | | | - Paul G Fisher
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Clinical Genomics Program, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Matthew T Wheeler
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Anti-microRNA screen uncovers miR-17 family within miR-17~92 cluster as the primary driver of kidney cyst growth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1920. [PMID: 30760828 PMCID: PMC6374450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the leading genetic cause of renal failure. We have recently shown that inhibiting miR-17~92 is a potential novel therapeutic approach for ADPKD. However, miR-17~92 is a polycistronic cluster that encodes microRNAs (miRNAs) belonging to the miR-17, miR-18, miR-19 and miR-25 families, and the relative pathogenic contribution of these miRNA families to ADPKD progression is unknown. Here we performed an in vivo anti-miR screen to identify the miRNA drug targets within the miR-17~92 miRNA cluster. We designed anti-miRs to individually inhibit miR-17, miR-18, miR-19 or miR-25 families in an orthologous ADPKD model. Treatment with anti-miRs against the miR-17 family reduced cyst proliferation, kidney-weight-to-body-weight ratio and cyst index. In contrast, treatment with anti-miRs against the miR-18, 19, or 25 families did not affect cyst growth. Anti-miR-17 treatment recapitulated the gene expression pattern observed after miR-17~92 genetic deletion and was associated with upregulation of mitochondrial metabolism, suppression of the mTOR pathway, and inhibition of cyst-associated inflammation. Our results argue against functional cooperation between the various miR-17~92 cluster families in promoting cyst growth, and instead point to miR-17 family as the primary therapeutic target for ADPKD.
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Reduced Levels of ATP Synthase Subunit ATP5F1A Correlate with Earlier-Onset Prostate Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1347174. [PMID: 30538797 PMCID: PMC6261400 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1347174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Switching of cellular energy production from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to aerobic glycolysis occurs in many types of tumors. However, the significance of energy metabolism for the development of prostate carcinoma is poorly understood. We investigated the expression of OXPHOS complexes in 94 human prostate carcinomas and paired benign tissue using immunohistochemistry. Overall mitochondrial mass was upregulated in carcinomas compared to benign prostate tissue in all Gleason grades. A significant direct correlation between the expression of OXPHOS complexes I, II, and V and the Gleason score was observed. However, 17% of prostate carcinomas and 18% of benign prostate tissues showed isolated or combined deficiency of OXPHOS complexes (one deficiency in 12% of the tumors, combined deficiencies in 5%). Complex I was absent in 9% of the samples, with only parts of the tumor affected. ATP5F1A, a complex V protein, was the most frequently affected subunit, in 10% of tumors and 11% of benign prostate tissues (but not both tissues in any single patient). A possible role of complex V in prostate cancer development is suggested by the significant positive correlation of ATP5F1A levels with earlier-onset prostate cancer (age at diagnosis and at prostatectomy) and free PSA percentage. The relatively high percentage (17%) of prostate carcinomas with regional foci of partial OXPHOS complex deficiencies could have important therapeutic implications.
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Genetic inhibition of an ATP synthase subunit extends lifespan in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14836. [PMID: 30287841 PMCID: PMC6172204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild inhibition of mitochondrial respiration leads to longevity. Disruption of mitochondrial respiratory components extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, but the effects appear to be complex and the underlying mechanism for lifespan regulation by mitochondrial respiratory genes is still not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of Y82E9BR.3, a worm homolog of the ATP synthase subunit C, in modulating longevity in C. elegans. We found that the Y82E9BR.3 protein is localized in mitochondria and expressed in various tissues throughout development. RNAi knockdown of Y82E9BR.3 extends lifespan, decreases the accumulation of lipofuscin, and affects various physiological processes, including development delay, reproduction impairment and slow behavior. Further tissue-specific RNAi analysis showed that the intestine is a crucial organ for the longevity effects conferred by Y82E9BR.3 RNAi. Moreover, we demonstrated that lifespan extension by Y82E9BR.3 RNAi is associated with reduced mitochondrial function, as well as the suppression of complex I activity in mitochondria. Unexpectedly, Y82E9BR.3 RNAi knock down did not influence the whole-worm ATP level. Our findings first reveal the crucial role of Y82E9BR.3 in mitochondrial function and the underlying mechanism of how Y82E9BR.3 regulates lifespan in C. elegans.
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Characterization of Drosophila ATPsynC mutants as a new model of mitochondrial ATP synthase disorders. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201811. [PMID: 30096161 PMCID: PMC6086398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders associated with genetic defects of the ATP synthase are among the most deleterious diseases of the neuromuscular system that primarily manifest in newborns. Nevertheless, the number of established animal models for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind such pathologies is limited. In this paper, we target the Drosophila melanogaster gene encoding for the ATP synthase subunit c, ATPsynC, in order to create a fruit fly model for investigating defects in mitochondrial bioenergetics and to better understand the comprehensive pathological spectrum associated with mitochondrial ATP synthase dysfunctions. Using P-element and EMS mutagenesis, we isolated a set of mutations showing a wide range of effects, from larval lethality to complex pleiotropic phenotypes encompassing developmental delay, early adult lethality, hypoactivity, sterility, hypofertility, aberrant male courtship behavior, locomotor defects and aberrant gonadogenesis. ATPsynC mutations impair ATP synthesis and mitochondrial morphology, and represent a powerful toolkit for the screening of genetic modifiers that can lead to potential therapeutic solutions. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of ATPsynC mutations allowed us to better understand the genetics of the ATPsynC locus and to define three broad pathological consequences of mutations affecting the mitochondrial ATP synthase functionality in Drosophila: i) pre-adult lethality; ii) multi-trait pathology accompanied by early adult lethality; iii) multi-trait adult pathology. We finally predict plausible parallelisms with genetic defects of mitochondrial ATP synthase in humans.
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50
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Human diseases associated with defects in assembly of OXPHOS complexes. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:271-286. [PMID: 30030362 PMCID: PMC6056716 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The structural biogenesis and functional proficiency of the multiheteromeric complexes forming the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) require the concerted action of a number of chaperones and other assembly factors, most of which are specific for each complex. Mutations in a large number of these assembly factors are responsible for mitochondrial disorders, in most cases of infantile onset, typically characterized by biochemical defects of single specific complexes. In fact, pathogenic mutations in complex-specific assembly factors outnumber, in many cases, the repertoire of mutations found in structural subunits of specific complexes. The identification of patients with specific defects in assembly factors has provided an important contribution to the nosological characterization of mitochondrial disorders, and has also been a crucial means to identify a huge number of these proteins in humans, which play an essential role in mitochondrial bioenergetics. The wide use of next generation sequencing (NGS) has led to and will allow the identifcation of additional components of the assembly machinery of individual complexes, mutations of which are responsible for human disorders. The functional studies on patients' specimens, together with the creation and characterization of in vivo models, are fundamental to better understand the mechanisms of each of them. A new chapter in this field will be, in the near future, the discovery of mechanisms and actions underlying the formation of supercomplexes, molecular structures formed by the physical, and possibly functional, interaction of some of the individual respiratory complexes, particularly complex I (CI), III (CIII), and IV (CIV).
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