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Visnes ES, Hallan A, Bomme M, Holmberg D, Møller-Hansen J, Lagergren J, Ness-Jensen E. Prevalence and risk factors of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms among adolescents, the HUNT study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:816-820. [PMID: 38756009 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2024.2349646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is recognized by symptoms of heartburn and acid regurgitation. These gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms (GORS) are common in adults, but data from adolescents are sparse. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of GORS among adolescents in a large and unselected population. METHODS This study was based on the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), a longitudinal series of population-based health surveys conducted in Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway. This study included data from Young-HUNT4 performed in 2017-2019, where all inhabitants aged 13-19 years were invited and 8066 (76.0%) participated. The presence of GORS (any or frequent) during the past 12 months and tobacco smoking status were reported through self-administrated questionnaires, whereas body mass index (BMI) was objectively measured. RESULTS Among 7620 participating adolescents reporting on the presence of GORS, the prevalence of any GORS and frequent GORS was 33.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 32.2 - 34.3%) and 3.6% (95% CI 3.2 - 4.0%), respectively. The risk of frequent GORS was lower among boys compared to girls (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.46 - 0.79), higher in current smokers compared to never smokers (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.10 - 2.93) and higher among obese compared to underweight/normal weight adolescents (OR 2.50; 95% CI 1.70 - 3.66). CONCLUSION A considerable proportion of adolescents had GORS in this population-based study, particularly girls, tobacco smokers, and individuals with obesity, but frequent GORS was relatively uncommon. Measures to avoid tobacco smoking and obesity in adolescents may prevent GORS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Sylvia Visnes
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | | | - Maria Bomme
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology S, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dag Holmberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jane Møller-Hansen
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology S, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Eivind Ness-Jensen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Department, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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Baumann-Larsen M, Storheim K, Stangeland H, Zwart JA, Wentzel-Larsen T, Skurtveit S, Dyb G, Stensland SØ. Childhood trauma and the use of opioids and other prescription analgesics in adolescence and young adulthood: The HUNT Study. Pain 2024; 165:1317-1326. [PMID: 38126936 PMCID: PMC11090031 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Opioid and nonopioid analgesics are commonly prescribed to young people to alleviate pain. Even short-term prescriptions increase the risk of persistent use and future misuse of potent analgesics, such as opioids. Childhood trauma exposure has been found to be related to pain conditions and to using more prescription analgesics. This large, prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association of a broad range of childhood trauma exposures with prescription rates for opioid and nonopioid analgesics in adolescence and young adulthood. Self-reported data on childhood trauma exposures from adolescents (aged 13-19 years) who participated in the Young-HUNT3 Study (2006-2008, n = 8199) were linked to data from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD, 2004-2021). We found that exposure to childhood trauma was consistently associated with higher prescription rates for opioids throughout adolescence and young adulthood. The highest incidence rate ratio (IRR) in adolescence was observed for sexual abuse (IRR 1.63, confidence interval [CI] 1.19-2.23). In young adulthood, the highest IRR was observed for physical violence (2.66, CI 2.27-3.12). The same overall pattern was observed for nonopioid analgesics. The more frequent prescriptions of opioid and nonopioid analgesics to participants exposed to childhood trauma suggests a higher symptom load of pain causing them to seek professional help with pain relief. Receiving potent analgesics is not without risk, and the likelihood of misuse may be elevated among trauma-exposed individuals. A trauma-informed approach to pain could be vital for guiding clinicians to the most effective and least harmful treatment for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Baumann-Larsen
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Storheim
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Stangeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Wentzel-Larsen
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svetlana Skurtveit
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grete Dyb
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synne Øien Stensland
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Mundal I, Schei J, Lydersen S, Thomsen PH, Nøvik TS, Kvitland LR. Prevalence of chronic and multisite pain in adolescents and young adults with ADHD: a comparative study between clinical and general population samples (the HUNT study). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1433-1442. [PMID: 37386203 PMCID: PMC11098922 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and chronic pain are prevalent and associated. We examined the prevalence and distribution of chronic pain in adolescents and young adults with ADHD using 9-years longitudinal data (from T1:2009-2011 to T3:2018-2019) with three time points from a clinical health survey compared to two age-matched reference population-based samples. Mixed-effect logistic regression and binary linear regression were used to estimate the probability for chronic and multisite pain at each time point and to compare the prevalence of chronic pain with the reference populations. The prevalence of chronic and multisite pain was high in those with ADHD, especially in female young adults, with highly prevalent chronic pain at 9 years of follow-up (75.9%) compared to 45.7% in females in the reference population. The probability of having pain was only statistically significant for chronic pain in males at 3 years of follow-up (41.9%, p = 0.021). Those with ADHD were at higher risk of reporting single-site and multisite pain compared to the general population at all measurement points. Longitudinal studies should be tailored to further understand the complex sex differences of comorbid chronic pain and ADHD in adolescents, exploring predictive factors of pain assessing long-term associations with bodyweight, psychiatric comorbidities, and possible mechanisms of stimulant use effects on pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Mundal
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway.
- Kristiansund Community Mental Health Centre, Division of Psychiatry, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Kristiansund, Norway.
| | - Jorun Schei
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Hove Thomsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Torunn Stene Nøvik
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Levi R Kvitland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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4
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Halidu MD, Kotera Y. Adolescent Social Anxiety, School Satisfaction, Family Emotional Support, and School Absenteeism: Findings from Young-HUNT3 and Norwegian National Education Data. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2547. [PMID: 38731079 PMCID: PMC11084760 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescents grappling with social anxiety may experience poor school satisfaction, resorting to school-related avoidance behaviors, exemplified by absenteeism, as a coping mechanism. Understanding the role of family support in alleviating the adverse effects of social anxiety on school satisfaction is imperative for fostering supportive educational settings. Although there is literature regarding how school satisfaction promotes positive adolescent outcomes, empirical knowledge on the interrelation between social anxiety, school satisfaction, and family emotional support is limited. This study investigates the association between social anxiety, family emotional support, school satisfaction, and school absenteeism within the theoretical framework of the stage-environment fit theory to offer insight into how family emotional support can moderate the influence of social anxiety on school-related outcomes. Methods: Utilizing a population-based sample of 1861 upper secondary school pupils from the Trøndelag Young Health study "Young-HUNT3 study", we employed an index of moderated mediation to examine the role of family emotional support in moderating the association between social anxiety and school-related avoidance behavior related to school satisfaction. Results: Family emotional support had moderated mediation association for school absenteeism (β = 0.128, 95% CI 0.019, 0.278) and extracurricular activity (β = -0.003, 95% CI -0.008, -0.000). Conclusions: This urges further investigation into the specific mechanisms and individual differences influencing these relationships, aiming to deepen our understanding of adolescents' experiences and inform comprehensive strategies for promoting their well-being within school communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik D. Halidu
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Yasuhiro Kotera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Næss M, Kvaløy K, Sørgjerd EP, Sætermo KS, Norøy L, Røstad AH, Hammer N, Altø TG, Vikdal AJ, Hveem K. Data Resource Profile: The HUNT Biobank. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae073. [PMID: 38836303 PMCID: PMC11150882 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marit Næss
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, Center for Sami Health Research, Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Elin P Sørgjerd
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kristin S Sætermo
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Lise Norøy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Ann Helen Røstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Nina Hammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Trine Govasli Altø
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Anne Jorunn Vikdal
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research, St Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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6
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Krokstad MA, Sund E, Rangul V, Bauman A, Olsson C, Bjerkeset O. Secular trends in risk factors for adolescent anxiety and depression symptoms: the Young-HUNT studies 1995-2019, Norway. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02373-2. [PMID: 38578474 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, increases in mental health problems in adolescents have been reported from several large population-based surveys. This raises questions about changes in underlying risk and protective factors that can inform future intervention strategies. Population data were collected from 1995 to 2019 in three waves of the Young-HUNT studies in Norway to map decennial trends in the prevalence of established risk factors for, and their associations with, adolescent mental health problems. All adolescents (aged 13-19 years) attending lower and upper secondary school in the county of Trøndelag were invited, representing three historical cohorts of 25,245 unique adolescents. Mental health problems (HSCL-5) and established mental health risk factors were self-reported. Using a generalized linear model and linear regression, we calculated changes in relative and absolute differences between risk factors and mental health problems. Overall, the prevalence of established risk factors for mental health problems in adolescence increased markedly between 1995 and 2019, especially in girls. Prominent increases were observed for fatigue, bullying, musculoskeletal pain and migraine, loneliness, and overweight. Furthermore, with the exception of excess alcohol use and family economy, associations between each risk factor and adolescent mental health problems strengthened over the same time span in girls, but less among boys. Our findings suggest that several modifiable risk factors for poor mental health in adolescence are increasing, especially among girls, and should be targeted in community, school, and in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Austheim Krokstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Nord Universitet-Levanger Campus, Levanger, Norway.
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Erik Sund
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Nord Universitet-Levanger Campus, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Vegar Rangul
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig Olsson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Victoria, Parkville, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ottar Bjerkeset
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Nord Universitet-Levanger Campus, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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7
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Jystad I, Haugan T, Bjerkeset O, Sund ER, Aune T, Nordahl HM, Vaag JR. School completion and progression to higher education in adolescents with social anxiety: a linkage between Young-HUNT3 and national educational data (2008-2019), Norway. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:833. [PMID: 38500113 PMCID: PMC10946117 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety disorder (SAD) most commonly develops in adolescence-a period of life that includes a transition to upper secondary school. The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which social anxiety in adolescence is associated with the completion of upper secondary school and progression to higher education. METHODS This longitudinal study includes 8,192 adolescents aged 13-19 years who participated in the Norwegian Young-HUNT 3 population-based study. Social anxiety is measured employing (1) diagnostic interview screening questions (interview) and (2) a self-reported symptom index (questionnaire). Notably, we define the cohorts based on these two methods. Using national educational data (2008-2019), we follow educational attainment among the cohorts until they turn 25 years of age. RESULTS We found that adolescents who screened positive (SP) for SAD had a predicted probability of upper secondary school completion at 21 years of age that was 14% points lower than those who screened negative (SN). Further, differences remained when looking at completion rates at age 25 years. Moreover, predicted probabilities for completion were inversely associated with increasing levels of self-reported social anxiety symptoms. Similarly, the proportion of the completers of an academic program in the SP group that were enrolled in higher education by 25 years of age, were lower than for the SN group (87 vs. 92%). CONCLUSION Social anxiety in adolescence, both self-reported symptoms and diagnostic screening, has long-term negative impact on upper secondary school completion and to some extent enrollment to higher education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Jystad
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, 7601, Levanger, Postbox 93, Norway.
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Tommy Haugan
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, 7601, Levanger, Postbox 93, Norway
| | - Ottar Bjerkeset
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, 7601, Levanger, Postbox 93, Norway
| | - Erik R Sund
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, 7601, Levanger, Postbox 93, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Tore Aune
- The Norwegian Directorate for Children, Youth, and Family Affairs, Bufetat, Norway
| | - Hans M Nordahl
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonas R Vaag
- Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
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8
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Næss JØ, Hirnstein M, Kusztrits I, Larøi F. An online survey on clinical and healthy individuals with auditory verbal hallucinations: Abuse did not lead to more negative voice content. Schizophr Res 2024; 265:39-45. [PMID: 36435717 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the clinical and theoretical importance of the negative content in auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), little research has been conducted on the topic. A handful of studies suggest that trauma or adverse life events contribute to negative content. The findings are somewhat inconsistent, however, possibly due to methodological limitations. Moreover, only trauma occurring in childhood has been investigated so far. In the present study, we studied the effect of abuse, experienced in either child- or adulthood, and clinical status on negative content of AVHs in four groups of participants that were assessed as part of a large, previously published online survey: Individuals with a psychotic disorder and AVHs (total n = 33), who had experienced abuse (n = 21) or not (n = 12) as well as a group of healthy individuals with AVHs (total n = 53), who had experienced abuse (n = 31) or not (n = 22). We hypothesized that having experienced abuse was associated with a higher degree of negative content. The clinical group collectively reported significantly higher degrees of negative AVHs content compared to the healthy group, but there was no effect of abuse on the degree of negative AVHs content. The presence of AVHs was more common amongst individuals who reported a history of abuse compared to individuals with no history of abuse, both in clinical and healthy participants with AVHs. This implies that at group level, being subjected to traumatic events increases an individual's vulnerability to experiencing AVHs. However, it does not necessarily account for negative content in AVHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Øverbø Næss
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Marco Hirnstein
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway; NORMENT - Norwegian Centre of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabella Kusztrits
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway; NORMENT - Norwegian Centre of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Larøi
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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9
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Rangul V, Holmen TL, Langhammer A, Ingul JM, Pape K, Fenstad JS, Kvaløy K. Cohort Profile Update: The Young-HUNT Study, Norway. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae013. [PMID: 38302751 PMCID: PMC10834360 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vegar Rangul
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Turid Lingaas Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Jo Magne Ingul
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Pape
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty and Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jørn Søberg Fenstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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10
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Broekhof R, Nordahl HM, Eikenæs IUM, Selvik SG. Adverse Childhood Experiences Are Associated With Personality Disorder: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study. J Pers Disord 2024; 38:19-33. [PMID: 38324247 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2024.38.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of studies that have prospectively examined adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in association with a personality disorder (PD). Data from a sample of 8,199 adolescents first assessed for ACEs were linked with subsequent data from the Norwegian Patient Register in order to obtain diagnoses of a PD in adulthood (after a 14-year follow-up). We used logistic regression analysis. Any type of ACE gave a 3.8-fold higher risk of developing a PD. Abuse, more specifically emotional abuse, came out as one of the strongest predictors. Of the adolescents who developed a PD, approximately 90% had a history of ACE. The results of this study support the importance of assessing ACEs, such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, in the diagnostic procedure and treatment for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans M Nordahl
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- St. Olavs University Hospital, Østmarka, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Ulltveit-Moe Eikenæs
- National Advisory Unit for Personality Psychiatry (NAPP), Section for Personality Psychiatry and Specialized Treatment, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara G Selvik
- Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Namsos, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Parlikar N, Kvaløy K, Strand LB, Espnes GA, Moksnes UK. Loneliness in the Norwegian adolescent population: prevalence trends and relations to mental and self-rated health. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:895. [PMID: 38037032 PMCID: PMC10688064 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness has become a significant public health problem and should be addressed with more research over a broader period. This study investigates the variations in the prevalence of loneliness among a nationally representative study population of Norwegian adolescents over the last three decades and whether age, gender, self-rated health, and mental distress are associated with these changes. METHODS Adolescents aged 13-19 years completed the structured and validated questionnaires from the three waves of the Young-HUNT Study: 1995-1997, 2006-2008, and 2017-2019. Loneliness was measured with one item asking, 'Are you lonely?'. Hopkins Symptom Checklist-5 was used to measure mental distress (cut-off ≥ 2). Self-rated health was assessed by a single question 'How is your health at the moment?' Measures were provided by self-report. Descriptive analyses were stratified by age, gender, self-rated health, and mental distress. Linear-by-Linear association test across survey years was performed to test time trends of loneliness. Logistic regression was used to analyze the cross-sectional associations of self-rated health and mental distress with loneliness, adjusting for sociodemographic factors in all three waves of Young-HUNT. RESULTS Loneliness prevalence doubled from 5.9% in 1995/97 to 10.2% in 2017/19 in the total population sample. The highest loneliness prevalence and an increase from 8.9% in 1995/97 to 16.7% in 2017/19 was observed in girls of 16-19 years. Among mentally distressed adolescents, loneliness increased from 22.3% in 1995/97 to 32.8% in 2006/08 and lowered to 27% in 2017/19. Increasing loneliness prevalence was seen in those with poor self-rated health, i.e., 14.6% in 1995-97 and 26.6% in 2017-19. Mental distress and poor self-rated health were associated with higher odds of loneliness in each wave (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results highlight the increasing burden of loneliness in the Norwegian adolescent population, especially girls. Those with mental distress and poor self-rated health have a higher risk of experiencing loneliness. Thus, health-promoting upbringing environments for children and adolescents that support mutual affinity, social support, integration, and belongingness in adolescents' daily arenas are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Parlikar
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Linn Beate Strand
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Arild Espnes
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Unni Karin Moksnes
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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12
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Myran L, Sen A, Willumsen T, Havnen A, Kvist T, Rønneberg A, Dahllöf G, Høvik H. Associations of adverse childhood experiences with caries and toothbrushing in adolescents. The Young-HUNT4 Survey. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:760. [PMID: 37838651 PMCID: PMC10576322 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor oral health. Using a life course theoretical framework, this study explored the associations of specific and cumulative ACEs with caries and toothbrushing frequency in a Norwegian adolescent population. METHODS Participants were adolescents (n = 6351) age 13-17 years from The Young-HUNT4 Survey. Clinical data were retrieved from dental health records. Oral health outcomes were toothbrushing frequency, dentine caries experience (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth - DMFT), and enamel caries. ACE exposure variables were physical abuse, sexual abuse, witness to violence, parental separation/divorce, parental alcohol problems, and bully victimization. Negative binominal regression models (incident rate ratios, IRRs; 95% confidence intervals, CIs) were used to determine the associations of the various ACEs with caries; logistic regression analyses (odds ratios, ORs; 95% CIs) were used to estimate associations with toothbrushing frequency. Potential effect modification by age was assessed using likelihood ratio test. RESULTS Adolescents exposed to physical abuse by others, sexual abuse by peers, parental separation/divorce, bullying, or who had witnessed violence, were more likely to report non-daily toothbrushing compared with those with no exposure to the given ACEs. Each cumulative increase in ACE exposure was associated with a 30% higher likelihood of non-daily toothbrushing (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.19-1.42). Similarly, increasing number of adversities were associated with both higher dentine caries experience (IRR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09) and higher enamel caries (IRR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11). This effect was modified by age (13-15 vs. 16-17 years) for dentine caries experience. Furthermore, there was evidence of effect modification by age with bully victimization for both toothbrushing frequency (Pinteraction = 0.014) and dentine caries experience (Pinteraction < 0.001). Specifically, bully victimization was associated with a higher likelihood of non-daily toothbrushing (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.80-3.72) and higher dentine caries experience (IRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14-1.50) among 16-17-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS Several specific ACEs were associated with non-daily toothbrushing and a higher caries experience among Norwegian adolescents in the Young-HUNT4 Survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Myran
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Abhijit Sen
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tiril Willumsen
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Behavioural Science and Forensic Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Audun Havnen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Nidaros Community Mental Health Centre, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Therese Kvist
- Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Pediatric Oral Health Research, Stockholm, Sweden
- ME barnakutsjukvård, Astrid Lindgrens Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Rønneberg
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Behavioural Science and Forensic Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Göran Dahllöf
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hedda Høvik
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
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Jozefiak T, L Wallander J, Lydersen S. Change Over 11-13 Year Periods in Quality of Life, Emotional Problems and Negative Stressful Life Events Among 13-17 Year Old Students. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1415-1424. [PMID: 35338413 PMCID: PMC10435593 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Studies investigating changes in the general population over time concerning adolescent self-reported Quality of life (QoL) are sparse. The aim of this study is to investigate stability and change over more than a decade in self-reported QoL, emotional problems, and negative stressful life-events among students. Three large cross-sectional samples (N = 1032, 4744 and 3826) of 13-17-year-old adolescents attending public school in the Norwegian County of Trøndelag provide data, one from 2017 to 2019 and two from 11 and 13 years earlier. We analyzed linear and binary linear regression adjusted for age. We found few indications of large changes in overall QoL. The exception was a 50% increase in reported emotional problems in both girls and boys. Girls also reported an increase of sexually uncomfortable/abusive acts from peers from 3.7 to 7.0%. The observed changes must be addressed through public health interventions targeting school as an important arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jozefiak
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU Central Norway), Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU Central Norway), Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, MTFS, Pb 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jan L Wallander
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU Central Norway), Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU Central Norway), Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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14
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Stangeland H, Aakvaag HF, Baumann-Larsen M, Wentzel-Larsen T, Storheim K, Zwart JA, Dyb G, Stensland SØ. Problematic alcohol use in young adults exposed to childhood trauma: The Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study. J Trauma Stress 2023; 36:968-979. [PMID: 37665694 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Problematic alcohol use (PAU) severely impacts the health, functioning, and long-term prospects of young people. Prior research indicates that childhood trauma exposure may be an important risk factor for PAU, but few longitudinal studies have looked at how specific trauma types influence this risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between childhood trauma exposure and PAU in a large, population-based cohort of young people. The study sample included 1,913 adolescents who participated in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) between 2006 and 2008 (age range: 12-20) and completed follow-up 10 years later as young adults (age range: 22-32). The results revealed an increased risk of PAU in young adults exposed to childhood trauma, especially direct physical violence, OR = 2.38, [95% CI 1.56, 3.64]. Young adults who had witnessed violence, OR = 1.55, [95% CI 1.11, 2.17], or experienced an accident, disaster, or other traumatic event, OR = 1.60, [95% CI 1.19, 2.15], also had higher odds of PAU compared to those without such experiences. These associations remained consistent after adjusting for symptoms of headaches and pain as well as posttraumatic and general psychological distress as reported by the participants in adolescence. Future prevention efforts targeting PAU among adolescents and young adults should address violence and other trauma exposure as potential drivers of problematic drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Stangeland
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Monica Baumann-Larsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Wentzel-Larsen
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Storheim
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Anker Zwart
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grete Dyb
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synne Øien Stensland
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Aasan BEV, Lillefjell M, Krokstad S, Sund ER. Trends in social inequality and how mental wellbeing vary and covary among Norwegian adolescents and their families: the Young-HUNT Study. Scand J Public Health 2023:14034948231172634. [PMID: 37776173 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231172634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study had two aims: first, to investigate trends in socioeconomic inequalities in psychological distress and loneliness among Norwegian adolescents, and second, to study variation and covariation of psychological distress and loneliness within adolescents and between siblings within families. METHODS Multivariate mixed models were used to investigate trends in socioeconomic inequality in psychological distress and loneliness using three separate cohorts of Norwegian adolescents from the Young-HUNT study conducted in 1995-1997 (Young-HUNT1, n = 8980), 2006-2008 (Young-HUNT3, n = 8199) and 2017-2019 (Young-HUNT4, n = 8066). Register data on parental education level was used as a marker of socioeconomic position (SEP), and a unique family number was used to identify adolescents belonging to the same family. A three-level multivariate mixed model was created, consisting of the outcomes at level 1, adolescents at level 2 and families at level 3. RESULTS No statistically significant difference in scores on loneliness and psychological distress was observed between low and high parental education level in Young-HUNT1, whereas in Young-HUNT4, low parental education level was associated with a higher score on both psychological distress (β = 0.09; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.03-0.14) and loneliness (β = 0.12; 95% CI 0.07-0.17). Analyses of covariation between psychological distress and loneliness showed that they were correlated within adolescents and strongly correlated within families across all timepoints. CONCLUSIONS Increasing socioeconomic inequalities in psychological distress and loneliness among Norwegian adolescents is worrisome. Further, the family seems to be an important arena for potential prevention of psychological distress and loneliness among adolescents, regardless of parental education level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Elisabeth Valstad Aasan
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Monica Lillefjell
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Erik R Sund
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
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16
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Baumann-Larsen M, Zwart JA, Dyb G, Wentzel-Larsen T, Stangeland H, Storheim K, Stensland SØ. Killing pain? A prospective population-based study on trauma exposure in childhood as predictor for frequent use of over-the-counter analgesics in young adulthood. The HUNT study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115400. [PMID: 37574601 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Frequent and increasing use of over-the-counter analgesics (OTCA) is a public health concern. Pain conditions and psychological distress are related to frequent OTCA use, and as exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTE) in childhood appears to increase risk of experiencing such symptoms, we aimed to assess childhood PTEs and related symptoms in adolescence as predictors for frequent OTCA use in young adulthood. Prospective population survey data were used (n = 2947, 59.1% female, 10-13 years follow-up). Exposure to PTEs, symptoms of post-traumatic stress, anxiety and depression, musculoskeletal pain and headache were assessed in adolescence (13-19 years). Use of OTCA was assessed in young adulthood (22-32 years) and use of OTCA to treat musculoskeletal pain and headache served as separate outcomes in ordinal logistic regression analyses. Overall, exposure to childhood PTEs, particularly direct interpersonal violence, was significantly and consistently related to more frequent use of OTCA to treat musculoskeletal pain and headaches in young adulthood. Adjusting for psychological symptoms and pain attenuated associations, indicating that these symptoms are of importance for the relationship between traumatic events and OTCA use. These findings emphasize the need to address symptomatology and underlying causes at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Baumann-Larsen
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grete Dyb
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Wentzel-Larsen
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Stangeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Storheim
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synne Øien Stensland
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Lund IO, Andersen N, Ask H, Andreas JB. Parental drinking, mental health and educational level, and offspring's subsequent prescription drugs treatment for sleep problems. A longitudinal HUNT survey and registry study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1372. [PMID: 37464314 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental drinking, mental health and family socioeconomic status are all associated with offspring sleep problems, but there is a paucity of research that considers the effect of risk factors, as they co-occur within and across families. Also, sleep problems are closely linked with mental health problems. Disentangling the effects on one or the other are important. We examined whether parental risk constellations are differently associated with offspring's subsequent prescription drug use for sleep problems during nine years with or without prescription drug use for anxiety and/or depression. METHODS The sample included 8773 adolescent offspring of 6696 two-parent families who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study in Norway. The exposures were five parental risk constellations, previously identified via Latent Profile Analysis, characterized by drinking frequencies and quantities, mental health, and years of education. The outcomes were dispensed prescription drugs in offspring during 2008-2016 for (a) only sleep problems (b) sleep problems and anxiety/depression or (c) only anxiety/depression. We used multinomial logistic regression to model the odds of the outcomes. RESULTS Compared to the overall low-risk parental constellation, none of the risky constellations were significantly associated with increased risk of being dispensed prescription drugs only for sleep problems. Offspring from two different risk profiles were at increased risk for being dispensed both sleep and anxiety/depression prescription drugs. These were parental profiles marked by (1) low education, symptoms of mental health problems and weekly binge drinking in both parents (OR 1.90, CI = 1.06;3.42); and (2) frequent heavy drinking in both parents and symptoms of mental health problems in fathers (OR 3.32, CI = 1.49;7.39). Offspring from the risk profile with lowest parental education had increased risk of only anxiety/depression prescription drugs (OR 1.25, CI = 1.05;1.49). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that parental risk constellations are not associated with increased risk of offspring receiving sleep medications without also receiving anxiety/depression medications, as two risk constellations were associated with increased risk of dispensation of both sleep and anxiety/depression prescription drugs. Receiving both may be an indication of severity. The findings underscore the importance of including measures of mental health problems when investigating sleep problems to avoid misattribution of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Olea Lund
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway.
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, Blindern, Oslo, 0317, Norway.
| | - Njål Andersen
- Department of International Business, NTNU Ålesund, Postboks, Ålesund, 1517, 6025, Norway
| | - Helga Ask
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, Blindern, Oslo, 0317, Norway
| | - Jasmina Burdzovic Andreas
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, Blindern, Oslo, 0317, Norway
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18
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Ao X, Parisien M, Zidan M, Grant AV, Martinsen AE, Winsvold BS, Diatchenko L. Rare variant analyses in large-scale cohorts identified SLC13A1 associated with chronic pain. Pain 2023:00006396-990000000-00273. [PMID: 36943258 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic pain is a prevalent disease with increasing clinical challenges. Genome-wide association studies in chronic pain patients have identified hundreds of common pathogenic variants, yet they only explained a portion of individual variance of chronic pain. With the advances in next-generation sequencing technologies, it is now feasible to conduct rarer variants studies in large-scale databases. Here, we performed gene-based rare variant analyses in 200,000 human subjects in the UK biobank whole-exome sequencing database for investigating 9 different chronic pain states and validated our findings in 3 other large-scale databases. Our analyses identified the SLC13A1 gene coding for sodium/sulfate symporter associated with chronic back pain and multisite pain at the genome-wide level and with chronic headache, knee, and neck and shoulder pain at the nominal level. Seven loss-of-function rare variants were identified within the gene locus potentially contributing to the development of chronic pain, with 2 of them individually associated with back pain and multisite pain. These 2 rare variants were then tested for replication in 3 other biobanks, and the strongest evidence was found for rs28364172 as an individual contributor. Transcriptional analyses of Slc13a1 in rodents showed substantial regulation of its expression in the dorsal root ganglia and the sciatic nerve in neuropathic pain assays. Our results stress the importance of the SLC13A1 gene in sulfate homeostasis in the nervous system and its critical role in preventing pain states, thus suggesting new therapeutic approaches for treating chronic pain in a personalized manner, especially in people with mutations in the SLC13A1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ao
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Parisien
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maha Zidan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey V Grant
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amy E Martinsen
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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19
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Broekhof R, Nordahl HM, Tanum L, Selvik SG. Adverse childhood experiences and their association with substance use disorders in adulthood: a general population study (Young-HUNT). Addict Behav Rep 2023; 17:100488. [PMID: 37077505 PMCID: PMC10106480 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use disorders (alcohol and illicit drug use disorders), specifically by gender, in a large longitudinal non-clinical population study. Methods Data from 8199 adolescents, first assessed for ACE (2006-2008), were linked with subsequent data from the Norwegian Patient Register to obtain diagnoses of a substance use disorder in adulthood (after 12-14 years' follow-up in March 2020). This study used logistic regression analysis to assess the associations between ACEs and substance use disorders with respect to gender. Results Adults with any history of ACEs have a 4.3-fold higher likelihood of developing a substance use disorder. Female adults had a 5.9-fold higher likelihood of developing an alcohol use disorder. Emotional neglect, sexual abuse and physical abuse were the strongest individual ACE predictors for this association. Male adults had a 5.0-fold higher likelihood of developing an illicit drug use disorder (for example stimulants such as cocaine, inhibiter such as opioids, cannabinoids and multiple drugs). Physical abuse, parental divorce and witnessed violence were the strongest individual ACE predictors for this association. Conclusions This study reinforces the association between ACEs and substance use disorders and exposes a gender-specific pattern. Increased attention should be paid to the meaning of individual ACEs as well as to the accumulation of ACEs in the development of a substance use disorder.
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Moen GH, Nivard M, Bhatta L, Warrington NM, Willer C, Åsvold BO, Brumpton B, Evans DM. Using Genomic Structural Equation Modeling to Partition the Genetic Covariance Between Birthweight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors into Maternal and Offspring Components in the Norwegian HUNT Study. Behav Genet 2023; 53:40-52. [PMID: 36322199 PMCID: PMC9823066 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-022-10116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Barker Hypothesis posits that adverse intrauterine environments result in fetal growth restriction and increased risk of cardiometabolic disease through developmental compensations. Here we introduce a new statistical model using the genomic SEM software that is capable of simultaneously partitioning the genetic covariation between birthweight and cardiometabolic traits into maternally mediated and offspring mediated contributions. We model the covariance between birthweight and later life outcomes, such as blood pressure, non-fasting glucose, blood lipids and body mass index in the Norwegian HUNT study, consisting of 15,261 mother-eldest offspring pairs with genetic and phenotypic data. Application of this model showed some evidence for maternally mediated effects of systolic blood pressure on offspring birthweight, and pleiotropy between birthweight and non-fasting glucose mediated through the offspring genome. This underscores the importance of genetic links between birthweight and cardiometabolic phenotypes and offer alternative explanations to environmentally based hypotheses for the phenotypic correlation between these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunn-Helen Moen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. .,Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. .,Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. .,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, 4102, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Michel Nivard
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XAmsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laxmi Bhatta
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ,grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, 4102 Woolloongabba, QLD Australia
| | - Cristen Willer
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI US ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ben Brumpton
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David M. Evans
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, 4102 Woolloongabba, QLD Australia ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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21
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Strømme SH, Guddal MH, Fenstad AM, Visnes H, Zwart JA, Storheim K, Johnsen MB. Musculoskeletal pain is not clearly associated with the risk of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in adolescents. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001453. [PMID: 37200775 PMCID: PMC10186394 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate whether self-reported musculoskeletal pain (MSP) was associated with a future anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods In this population-based prospective cohort study, we included 8087 participants from the adolescent part of the Trøndelag Health Study (Young-HUNT) in Norway. The exposure was self-reported MSP from the Young-HUNT3 study (2006-2008), which was categorised into two MSP load groups (high MSP and low MSP) based on frequency and number of pain sites. The outcome was ACLRs recorded in the Norwegian Knee Ligament Register between 2006 and 2019. Logistic regression was used to investigate association between MSP load and ACLR, given as ORs with 95% CIs. All tests were two-sided and p values of ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results 8087 adolescents were included. We identified a total of 99 ACLRs, with 6 ACLRs (0.9%) in adolescents who reported high MSP load and 93 ACLRs (1.3%) among those who reported low MSP load. Adolescents reporting high MSP load had 23% lower odds of an ACLR (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.91) compared with adolescents with low MSP load. However, the CIs were very wide. Conclusion Self-reported high MSP load in adolescents was not associated with increased risk of future ACLR. Although the number of participants was high, the relatively few cases of ACLR mean that we cannot be conclusive about the presence or absence of an association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Hammernes Strømme
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maren Hjelle Guddal
- Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Marie Fenstad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Håvard Visnes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Orthopedics, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Storheim
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Bakke Johnsen
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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22
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The HUNT study: A population-based cohort for genetic research. CELL GENOMICS 2022; 2:100193. [PMID: 36777998 PMCID: PMC9903730 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) is a population-based cohort of ∼229,000 individuals recruited in four waves beginning in 1984 in Trøndelag County, Norway. Approximately 88,000 of these individuals have available genetic data from array genotyping. HUNT participants were recruited during four community-based recruitment waves and provided information on health-related behaviors, self-reported diagnoses, family history of disease, and underwent physical examinations. Linkage via the Norwegian personal identification number integrates digitized health care information from doctor visits and national health registries including death, cancer and prescription registries. Genome-wide association studies of HUNT participants have provided insights into the mechanism of cardiovascular, metabolic, osteoporotic, and liver-related diseases, among others. Unique features of this cohort that facilitate research include nearly 40 years of longitudinal follow-up in a motivated and well-educated population, family data, comprehensive phenotyping, and broad availability of DNA, RNA, urine, fecal, plasma, and serum samples.
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23
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Krokstad S, Sund ER, Kvaløy K, Rangul V, Næss M. HUNT for better public health. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:968-971. [PMID: 36113104 PMCID: PMC9578099 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) has collected population data through comprehensive decennial surveys over the last four decades and has so far collected data from 240,000 participants. The participants are identified with the unique Norwegian birth number, which enables them to be followed throughout different life stages, from survey to survey, and to endpoint measures in Norwegian national health registers without attrition bias. Methods: The study design of HUNT offers several advantages: it provides an overview of the public health development in the population over decades, the data can be used in health services research, clinical epidemiology, studies of causation, trajectories, and consequences of diseases, and to study gene × environment interactions. Results: HUNT data have shown major shifts in public health trends, such as decreasing mean blood pressure and resting heart rate among adults, increasing prevalence of obesity, geographical and socioeconomic inequalities in health, increasing mental health distress among adolescents and young adults with an opposite development among the elderly. Data from HUNT have been used in several major international research projects, where data harmonization with several other population cohorts internationally has been done. HUNT has placed great emphasis on safeguarding research ethics, privacy, and data security. The Norwegian authorities established national regulations for the surveys from the time General Data Protection Regulation was introduced in 2018. Conclusions: Researchers can apply for HUNT data access from HUNT Research Centre provided they have obtained project approval from the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics. Researchers not affiliated to a Norwegian research institution must collaborate with and apply through a Norwegian principal investigator. Information on the application and conditions for data access is available at www.ntnu.edu/hunt/data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinar Krokstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Erik R. Sund
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Vegar Rangul
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Marit Næss
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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24
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Smedbråten K, Grotle M, Jahre H, Richardsen KR, Småstuen MC, Skillgate E, Øiestad BE. Lifestyle behaviour in adolescence and musculoskeletal pain 11 years later: The Trøndelag Health Study. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:1910-1922. [PMID: 35851511 PMCID: PMC9545098 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background There is limited knowledge on the association between lifestyle behaviour in adolescence and musculoskeletal pain in young adulthood. This study aimed to investigate whether an accumulation of adverse lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with and without musculoskeletal pain at baseline, was associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain (pain duration ≥3 consecutive months the last year) 11 years later. Methods Longitudinal data from the Trøndelag Health Study in Norway including 1824 adolescents (13–19 years old) was analysed. The outcome was persistent musculoskeletal pain (≥3 months). The number of adverse lifestyle behaviours (low physical activity level, sleep problems, insufficient fruit/vegetables consumption, smoking, frequent alcohol intoxication [drunkenness] and/or illicit drug use) were summed up to comprise an ordinal variable and analysed with 0 or 1 adverse behaviours as the reference. Multiple logistic regression analyses, stratified by individuals with and without baseline musculoskeletal pain, were conducted. The results were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results In adolescents with musculoskeletal pain at baseline, reporting ≥ four adverse lifestyle behaviours increased the odds of persistent musculoskeletal pain (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.36, 3.66) 11 years later. Two and three adverse behaviours were not associated with future persistent musculoskeletal pain. In adolescents without musculoskeletal pain at baseline, an accumulation of adverse lifestyle behaviours was not associated with future persistent musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion An accumulation of adverse lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with musculoskeletal pain at baseline was associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain 11 years later, but not in adolescents without musculoskeletal pain at baseline. Significance An accumulation of four or more adverse lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with musculoskeletal pain was associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain in young adulthood. In future health care of adolescents with musculoskeletal pain, lifestyle behaviours should be assessed, with emphasis on accumulation of multiple adverse lifestyle behaviours. Focusing on an accumulation of multiple adverse lifestyle behaviours, rather than each individual behaviour, might provide a potential area for future research and interventions targeting musculoskeletal pain in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Smedbråten
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Norway
| | - M. Grotle
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Norway
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health Oslo University Hospital Norway
| | - H. Jahre
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Norway
| | - K. R. Richardsen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Norway
| | - M. C. Småstuen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Norway
| | - E. Skillgate
- Musculoskeletal & Sports Injury Epidemiology Center Sophiahemmet University Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Sweden
| | - B. E. Øiestad
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Norway
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25
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Krokstad S, Weiss DA, Krokstad MA, Rangul V, Kvaløy K, Ingul JM, Bjerkeset O, Twenge J, Sund ER. Divergent decennial trends in mental health according to age reveal poorer mental health for young people: repeated cross-sectional population-based surveys from the HUNT Study, Norway. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057654. [PMID: 35584877 PMCID: PMC9119156 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Public health trends are formed by political, economic, historical and cultural factors in society. The aim of this paper was to describe overall changes in mental health among adolescents and adults in a Norwegian population over the three last decades and discuss some potential explanations for these changes. DESIGN Repeated population-based health surveys to monitor decennial changes. SETTING Data from three cross-sectional surveys in 1995-1997, 2006-2008 and 2017-2019 in the population-based HUNT Study in Norway were used. PARTICIPANTS The general population in a Norwegian county covering participants aged 13-79 years, ranging from 48 000 to 62 000 000 in each survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence estimates of subjective anxiety and depression symptoms stratified by age and gender were assessed using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-5 for adolescents and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for adults. RESULTS Adolescents' and young adults' mental distress increased sharply, especially between 2006-2008 and 2017-2019. However, depressive symptoms instead declined among adults aged 60 and over and anxiety symptoms remained largely unchanged in these groups. CONCLUSIONS Our trend data from the HUNT Study in Norway indicate poorer mental health among adolescents and young adults that we suggest are related to relevant changes in young people's living conditions and behaviour, including the increased influence of screen-based media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinar Krokstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | | | - Morten Austheim Krokstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Nord Universitet - Levanger Campus, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vegar Rangul
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Nord Universitet - Levanger Campus, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Jo Magne Ingul
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Ottar Bjerkeset
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Nord Universitet - Levanger Campus, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jean Twenge
- Department of Psychology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Erik R Sund
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Nord Universitet - Levanger Campus, Levanger, Norway
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26
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Åsvold BO, Langhammer A, Rehn TA, Kjelvik G, Grøntvedt TV, Sørgjerd EP, Fenstad JS, Heggland J, Holmen O, Stuifbergen MC, Vikjord SAA, Brumpton BM, Skjellegrind HK, Thingstad P, Sund ER, Selbæk G, Mork PJ, Rangul V, Hveem K, Næss M, Krokstad S. Cohort Profile Update: The HUNT Study, Norway. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 52:e80-e91. [PMID: 35578897 PMCID: PMC9908054 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- Corresponding author. Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905 MTFS, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. E-mail:
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Tommy Aune Rehn
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Grete Kjelvik
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health (Ageing and Health), Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Trond Viggo Grøntvedt
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway,Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jørn Søberg Fenstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Jon Heggland
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Maria C Stuifbergen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Sigrid Anna Aalberg Vikjord
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway,Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway,K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Kjesbu Skjellegrind
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Pernille Thingstad
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Health and Social Services, Trondheim Municipality, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik R Sund
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway,Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health (Ageing and Health), Tønsberg, Norway,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul Jarle Mork
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vegar Rangul
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway,Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway,K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Marit Næss
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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27
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Saeedzadeh Sardahaee F, Kvaløy K. Cross-sectional study of BMI, weight concern, body size perception, dieting and mental distress in adolescents: The HUNT Study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e045962. [PMID: 35440443 PMCID: PMC9020309 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the associations between body mass index (BMI), weight concern, body size perception, dieting and mental distress in a population-based study of 7350 adolescents. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTINGS Data from a Norwegian population-based cohort, The Young-HUNT3 (2006-2008) from the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway. PARTICIPANTS A total of 7350 adolescents (13-19 years) who had both self-reported questionnaire data and anthropometric measures. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Odds for mental distress given sex, BMI, weight concern, body size perception and dieting. Analyses were performed in binomial logistic regression models. RESULTS Compared with being overweight/obese, having weight concern, irrespective of BMI, was associated with higher OR for mental distress (MD) among boys and girls. Body size overestimation was associated with an increase in the OR for MD, in participants who were overweight/obese, had weight concern or dieted. This effect was more pronounced in boys. CONCLUSIONS Weight concern and body-size estimation are strongly associated with mental health in adolescent boys and girls. Routine assessment of adolescents' attitudes towards their weight and body size is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Saeedzadeh Sardahaee
- Public Health and Nursing, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry Brøset, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
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28
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Aune T, Nordahl HM, Beidel DC. Social anxiety disorder in adolescents: Prevalence and subtypes in the Young-HUNT3 study. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 87:102546. [PMID: 35248811 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the prevalence of social anxiety disorder (SAD) among adolescents and the associated sex-specific fears. No previous studies have reported variance in SAD prevalence among adolescents based on a stepwise diagnostic approach. METHODS Using various diagnostic thresholds from the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule child version, and the diagnostic criteria from both the 4th and 5th editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), we explored the point prevalence of SAD among a population-based sample of 8216 adolescents aged 13-19 years. RESULTS Overall, 2.6% of adolescents met the SAD diagnostic criteria. The prevalence varied from 2.0% to 5.7% depending on the criteria-set. Twice as many females met the overall SAD criteria. The DSM-IV generalized SAD subtype was assigned to 86.5% of the sample, while 3.5% met the DSM-5 performance-only subtype. Compared with males aged 16-19 years, significantly more of those aged 13-15 years met the SAD criteria; no significant age group differences were found among females. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate variance in SAD prevalence among adolescents based on the diagnostic threshold method. Depending on the threshold applied, SAD prevalence among adolescents varied from 2.0% to 5.7%. Age and sex differences in social fear experiences highlight the importance of considering developmental heterogeneity in SAD, especially for adapting prevention and treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Aune
- Norwegian Directorate for Children, Youth and Family Affaires, Bomvegen 3, 7725 Steinkjer, Norway; Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Norway.
| | - Hans M Nordahl
- Department of Mental Health, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs Hospital, Division of Psychiatry, Nidaros DPS, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Deborah C Beidel
- UCF RESTORES, University of Central Florida, 4111 Pictor Lane, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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29
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Burdzovic Andreas J, Torvik FA, Lund IO. Parental binge drinking and offspring's high school non-completion: A prospective HUNT survey and educational registry study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 230:109189. [PMID: 34896931 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-use disorders (AUD) in parents are associated with adverse outcomes in offspring. It is less known whether other forms of parental drinking such as binge drinking may also be a risk factor for offspring's outcomes -- specifically, high school non-completion. METHODS These questions were examined in a sample of 3101 offspring (Mage = 16.1 , SD = 1.68; 49.5% girls) from 2510 2-parent families who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study in Norway (HUNT3; Young-HUNT3) in 2006-08 and were followed-up through the National Education Database (NUDB) until 2014. Associations between maternal and paternal binge drinking patterns as reported in HUNT during offspring's adolescence and offspring's subsequent high school completion were examined using logistic regression models while accounting for a comprehensive set of socio-demographic, parental, and offspring characteristics as assessed at HUNT baseline. Effect modifications of these putative associations by offspring characteristics were also explored. FINDINGS Approximately 1 in 6 offspring (13.6% girls, 21.1% boys) failed to graduate high school within the officially designated time period, while roughly 1 in 5 mothers (20.4%) and 1 in 2 fathers (51.2%) reported any binge drinking. Weekly or more frequent binge drinking in fathers was prospectively associated with more than doubled odds of high school non-completion in offspring; OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.50-3.31. This effect remained substantively identical after adjustment for all covariates (aOR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.38-3.50) and uniform across offspring characteristics such as gender, academic orientation and performance, anxiety and depression, typical alcohol consumption, and witnessing parental intoxication as assessed at HUNT baseline. CONCLUSIONS Weekly or more frequent binge drinking in fathers negatively affected high school graduation prospects in their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Burdzovic Andreas
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen 0213, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Fartein Ask Torvik
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Center for Fertility and Health, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn Olea Lund
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen 0213, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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Broekhof R, Nordahl HM, Bjørnelv S, Selvik SG. Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and their co-occurrence in a large population of adolescents: a Young HUNT 3 study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:2359-2366. [PMID: 35460058 PMCID: PMC9672007 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) undertaken at the time of adolescence in the general population are not common. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and co-occurrence of the individual ACEs and sub-types of ACEs in a large population of adolescents. METHODS Data were used from the Young Nord-Trøndelag Health (Young HUNT 3) study, a population-based study of young adolescents. ACEs were operational defined as sexual, physical and/or emotional abuse; physical and/or emotional neglect; and/or household dysfunction. Co-occurrence was measured as the accumulation of ACEs and as an overlap analysis. RESULTS Of the 8199 evaluable adolescents, 65.8% had experienced at least one ACE and 28% of those had experienced more than one ACE. Household dysfunction was the most prevalent ACE subtype. The biggest overlaps among the three ACE sub-types were seen in those reporting neglect or abuse. CONCLUSION There was a high degree of overlap between the three ACE sub-types and the individual ACEs, indicating that ACEs should be assessed together as a whole rather than separately. This study provides an opportunity to assess ACEs and their co-occurrences in relation to outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Broekhof
- Department of Psychiatry, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Namsos, Norway.
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Hans M Nordahl
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- St. Olavs University Hospital, Avd. Østmarka, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigrid Bjørnelv
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sara G Selvik
- Department of Psychiatry, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Namsos, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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31
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Wang G, Bhatta L, Moen GH, Hwang LD, Kemp JP, Bond TA, Åsvold BO, Brumpton B, Evans DM, Warrington NM. Investigating a Potential Causal Relationship Between Maternal Blood Pressure During Pregnancy and Future Offspring Cardiometabolic Health. Hypertension 2022; 79:170-177. [PMID: 34784738 PMCID: PMC8654122 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Observational epidemiological studies have reported that higher maternal blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy is associated with increased future risk of offspring cardiometabolic disease. However, it is unclear whether this association represents a causal relationship through intrauterine mechanisms. We used a Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to examine the relationship between unweighted maternal genetic scores for systolic BP and diastolic BP and a range of cardiometabolic risk factors in the offspring of up to 29 708 genotyped mother-offspring pairs from the UKB study (UK Biobank) and the HUNT study (Trøndelag Health). We conducted similar analyses in up to 21 423 father-offspring pairs from the same cohorts. We confirmed that the BP-associated genetic variants from the general population sample also had similar effects on maternal BP during pregnancy in independent cohorts. We did not detect any association between maternal (or paternal) unweighted genetic scores and cardiometabolic offspring outcomes in the meta-analysis of UKB and HUNT after adjusting for offspring genotypes at the same loci. We find little evidence to support the notion that maternal BP is a major causal risk factor for adverse offspring cardiometabolic outcomes in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute (G.W., G.-H.M., L.-D.H., J.P.K., T.A.B., D.M.E., N.M.W.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laxmi Bhatta
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (L.B., G.-H.M., B.O.A., B.B., N.M.W.)
| | - Gunn-Helen Moen
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute (G.W., G.-H.M., L.-D.H., J.P.K., T.A.B., D.M.E., N.M.W.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (L.B., G.-H.M., B.O.A., B.B., N.M.W.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (G.-H.M.)
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School (G.-H.M., T.A.B.), University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Liang-Dar Hwang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute (G.W., G.-H.M., L.-D.H., J.P.K., T.A.B., D.M.E., N.M.W.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience (L.-D.H., J.P.K., D.M.E., N.M.W.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John P. Kemp
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute (G.W., G.-H.M., L.-D.H., J.P.K., T.A.B., D.M.E., N.M.W.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience (L.-D.H., J.P.K., D.M.E., N.M.W.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (J.P.K., T.A.B., D.M.E., N.M.W.), University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tom A. Bond
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute (G.W., G.-H.M., L.-D.H., J.P.K., T.A.B., D.M.E., N.M.W.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School (G.-H.M., T.A.B.), University of Bristol, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (J.P.K., T.A.B., D.M.E., N.M.W.), University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine (B.O.A.), St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway (B.O.A., B.B.)
| | - Ben Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (L.B., G.-H.M., B.O.A., B.B., N.M.W.)
- Clinic of Medicine (B.B.), St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway (B.O.A., B.B.)
| | - David M. Evans
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute (G.W., G.-H.M., L.-D.H., J.P.K., T.A.B., D.M.E., N.M.W.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience (L.-D.H., J.P.K., D.M.E., N.M.W.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (J.P.K., T.A.B., D.M.E., N.M.W.), University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole M. Warrington
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute (G.W., G.-H.M., L.-D.H., J.P.K., T.A.B., D.M.E., N.M.W.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience (L.-D.H., J.P.K., D.M.E., N.M.W.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (J.P.K., T.A.B., D.M.E., N.M.W.), University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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Henriksen M, Skrove M, Hoftun GB, Sund ER, Lydersen S, Kalvin CB, Sukhodolsky DG. Exposure to traumatic events poses greater risk for irritability in girls than in boys. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Khoury S, Parisien M, Thompson SJ, Vachon-Presseau E, Roy M, Martinsen AE, Winsvold BS, Mundal IP, Zwart JA, Kania A, Mogil JS, Diatchenko L. Genome-wide analysis identifies impaired axonogenesis in chronic overlapping pain conditions. Brain 2021; 145:1111-1123. [PMID: 34788396 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is often present at more than one anatomical location, leading to chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPC). Whether COPC represents a distinct pathophysiology from the occurrence of pain at only one site is unknown. Using genome-wide approaches, we compared genetic determinants of chronic single-site vs. multisite pain in the UK Biobank. We found that different genetic signals underlie chronic single-site and multisite pain with much stronger genetic contributions for the latter. Among 23 loci associated with multisite pain, 9 loci replicated in the HUNT cohort, with the DCC netrin-1 receptor (DCC) as the top gene. Functional genomics identified axonogenesis in brain tissues as the major contributing pathway to chronic multisite pain. Finally, multimodal structural brain imaging analysis showed that DCC is most strongly expressed in subcortical limbic regions and is associated with alterations in the uncinate fasciculus microstructure, suggesting that DCC-dependent axonogenesis may contribute to COPC via cortico-limbic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Khoury
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Parisien
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Scott J Thompson
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Etienne Vachon-Presseau
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amy E Martinsen
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingunn P Mundal
- Department of Health Science, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Artur Kania
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Mogil
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Bjøntegaard KA, Stafne SN, Mørkved S, Salvesen KÅ, Evensen KAI. Body mass index and physical activity in seven-year-old children whose mothers exercised during pregnancy: follow-up of a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:496. [PMID: 34743682 PMCID: PMC8574029 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on long-term outcomes of children whose mothers have followed exercise interventions during pregnancy. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether regular moderate intensity exercise during pregnancy affected the children's body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA) at 7 years of age, and determine the relationship between children's and mothers' BMI and PA. METHODS This was a follow-up of a multicentre randomised controlled trial, carried out at St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, and Stavanger University Hospital, Norway (2007-2009 and 2014-2016). Women were randomised to follow a 12-week structured exercise protocol or standard antenatal care during pregnancy. At the 7-year follow-up, parents reported their child's height, weight, and PA. The mothers also reported their own weight and PA. Main outcome variables were BMI, frequency and duration of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and intensity of PA. RESULTS A total of 855 women were randomised to exercise (n = 429) or standard antenatal care (n = 426) during pregnancy. At follow-up, 164 (38.2%) children and mothers in the intervention group and 117 (27.5%) in the control group participated. We found no group differences in the children's iso-BMI or PA. Findings were similar when we performed stratified analyses by sex, except boys in the control group spent more time on electrical devices than boys in the intervention group. Subgroup analyses of children of mothers who adhered to the exercise protocol and sensitivity analyses excluding children born preterm, children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, and children with diseases or health problems at the 7-year follow-up, did not change the results. Children's BMI, weekly leisure time MVPA and intensity of PA correlated with mothers' BMI, daily exercise, and intensity of exercise. CONCLUSIONS Regular moderate intensity exercise during pregnancy did not affect BMI or PA of the children at 7 years. Good maternal health should be encouraged as it may influence the health of the next generation. TRIAL REGISTRATION The initial RCT study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00476567 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Alterhaug Bjøntegaard
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Signe Nilssen Stafne
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siv Mørkved
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjell Åsmund Salvesen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari Anne I Evensen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
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35
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Hamm NC, Hamad AF, Wall-Wieler E, Roos LL, Plana-Ripoll O, Lix LM. Multigenerational health research using population-based linked databases: an international review. Int J Popul Data Sci 2021; 6:1686. [PMID: 34734126 PMCID: PMC8530190 DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v6i1.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Family health history is a well-established risk factor for many health conditions but the systematic collection of health histories, particularly for multiple generations and multiple family members, can be challenging. Routinely-collected electronic databases in a select number of sites worldwide offer a powerful tool to conduct multigenerational health research for entire populations. At these sites, administrative and healthcare records are used to construct familial relationships and objectively-measured health histories. We review and synthesize published literature to compare the attributes of routinely-collected, linked databases for three European sites (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) and three non-European sites (Canadian province of Manitoba, Taiwan, Australian state of Western Australia) with the capability to conduct population-based multigenerational health research. Our review found that European sites primarily identified family structures using population registries, whereas non-European sites used health insurance registries (Manitoba and Taiwan) or linked data from multiple sources (Western Australia). Information on familial status was reported to be available as early as 1947 (Sweden); Taiwan had the fewest years of data available (1995 onwards). All centres reported near complete coverage of familial relationships for their population catchment regions. Challenges in working with these data include differentiating biological and legal relationships, establishing accurate familial linkages over time, and accurately identifying health conditions. This review provides important insights about the benefits and challenges of using routinely-collected, population-based linked databases for conducting population-based multigenerational health research, and identifies opportunities for future research within and across the data-intensive environments at these six sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi C Hamm
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA, R3E 0W3
| | - Amani F Hamad
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA, R3E 0W3
| | - Elizabeth Wall-Wieler
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA, R3E 0W3.,Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA, R3E 3P5
| | - Leslie L Roos
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA, R3E 0W3.,Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA, R3E 3P5
| | - Oleguer Plana-Ripoll
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DENMARK, 8210
| | - Lisa M Lix
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA, R3E 0W3
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Naess M, Sund ER, Vie GÅ, Bjørngaard JH, Åsvold BO, Holmen TL, Kvaløy K. Intergenerational polygenic obesity risk throughout adolescence in a cross-sectional study design: The HUNT study, Norway. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1916-1924. [PMID: 34651441 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between parental obesity polygenic risk and children's BMI throughout adolescence. Additionally, from a smaller subsample, the objective was to assess whether parental polygenic risk score (PRS) may act as a proxy for offspring PRS in studies lacking offspring genetic data. METHODS A total of 8,561 parent-offspring (age 13-19 years) trios from the Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT Study) were included, of which, 1,286 adolescents had available genetic data. Weighted parental PRSs from 900 single-nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with adult BMI were constructed and applied in linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS A positive association between parental PRS and offspring sex- and age-adjusted BMI (iso-BMI) throughout adolescence was identified. The estimated marginal effects per standard deviation increase in parental PRS were 0.26 (95% CI: 0.18-0.33), 0.36 (95% CI: 0.29-0.43), and 0.62 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.51-0.72) for maternal, paternal, and combined parental PRS, respectively. In subsample analyses, the magnitude of association of the parental PRS versus offspring PRS with iso-BMI in adolescents was similar. CONCLUSIONS Parental PRS was consistently associated with offspring iso-BMI throughout adolescence. Results from subsample analyses support the use of parental PRS of obesity as a proxy for adolescent PRS in the absence of offspring genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Naess
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Erik R Sund
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Gunnhild Å Vie
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan H Bjørngaard
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Turid Lingaas Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Jystad I, Haugan T, Bjerkeset O, Sund ER, Vaag J. School Functioning and Educational Aspirations in Adolescents With Social Anxiety-The Young-HUNT3 Study, Norway. Front Psychol 2021; 12:727529. [PMID: 34712177 PMCID: PMC8546336 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) typically emerges during childhood or early adolescence and often has long-term effects on several areas of an individual's life, including school and education. The purpose of this study is to examine whether social anxiety is associated with (1) school functioning in terms of behavioral difficulties (hyperactivity and/or attention problems), school dissatisfaction, social exclusion, truancy, and learning difficulties, and (2) educational aspirations (educational level). We use data from the population-based Young-HUNT3 study (2006-2008), where 8,199 Norwegian adolescents participated. Social anxiety is measured both as self-report [the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C)], and as screening information from diagnostic interviews [Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule for DSM IV: child version (ADIS-C)]. ADIS-C screening positives (n = 388) reported higher rates of behavioral difficulties (RR = 1.06), school dissatisfaction (RR = 1.15), social exclusion (RR = 1.24), truancy (RR = 1.05), and learning difficulties (RR = 1.10) compared to screened negatives. Self-reported social anxiety symptoms showed similar patterns. Further, higher mean scores of self-reported social anxiety symptoms and being ADIS-C screening positive were negatively associated with aspirations of higher education (OR = 0.92 and OR = 0.74, respectively). However, as regards to having aspirations for the future (aspirations of higher education and/or aspirations of vocational training), no associations were found. The results indicate that social anxiety in adolescence is related to unfavorable/poorer school functioning and lower tendency of aspirations of higher education, which may have consequences for future educational pathways and later work life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Jystad
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tommy Haugan
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Ottar Bjerkeset
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik R Sund
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.,HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Jonas Vaag
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Jahre H, Grotle M, Småstuen M, Guddal MH, Smedbråten K, Richardsen KR, Stensland S, Storheim K, Øiestad BE. Risk factors and risk profiles for neck pain in young adults: Prospective analyses from adolescence to young adulthood-The North-Trøndelag Health Study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256006. [PMID: 34383846 PMCID: PMC8360564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to investigate risk factors and risk profiles associated with neck pain in young adults using longitudinal data from the North-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). Risk factors were collected from adolescents (13-19 years of age), and neck pain was measured 11 years later. The sample was divided into two: Sample I included all participants (n = 1433), and Sample II (n = 832) included only participants who reported no neck/shoulder pain in adolescence. In multiple regression analyses in Sample I, female sex (OR = 1.9, 95% CI [1.3-2.9]), low physical activity level (OR = 1.6, 95% CI [1.0-2.5]), loneliness (OR = 2.0, 95% CI [1.2-3.5]), headache/migraine (OR = 1.7, 95% CI [1.2-2.6]), back pain (OR = 1.5, 95% CI [1.0-2.4]) and neck/shoulder pain (OR = 2.0, 95% [CI 1.3-3.0]) were associated with neck pain at the 11-year follow-up. Those with a risk profile including all these risk factors had the highest probability of neck pain of 67% in girls and 50% in boys. In Sample II, multiple regression analyses revealed that female sex (OR = 2.2, 95% CI [1.3-3.7]) and perceived low family income (OR = 2.4, 95% CI [1.1-5.1]) were associated with neck pain at the 11-year follow-up. Girls and boys with a perceived low family income had a 29% and 17% higher probability of neck pain than adolescents with a perceived high family income. The risk profiles in both samples showed that co-occurrence of risk factors, such as headache/migraine, neck/shoulder pain, back pain, low physical activity level, loneliness, and perceived low family income cumulatively increased the probability of neck pain in young adulthood. These results underline the importance of taking a broad perspective when studying, treating, and preventing neck pain in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Jahre
- Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Margreth Grotle
- Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Clinic for Surgery and Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milada Småstuen
- Department of Nursing, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maren Hjelle Guddal
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Clinic for Surgery and Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaja Smedbråten
- Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Synne Stensland
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Clinic for Surgery and Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies (NKVTS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Storheim
- Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Clinic for Surgery and Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Kvaløy K, Sandsgård-Hilmarsen E, Eik-Nes TT, Bratberg GH. Underestimation of Overweight and Health Beneficial Outcomes in Two Adolescent Cohorts in Norway - The HUNT Study. J Adolesc Health 2021; 69:82-89. [PMID: 33288462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Underestimating overweight may prevent efforts toward reducing weight, but simultaneously benefit mental health and well-being. The magnitude of underestimation of overweight and obesity in adolescents is largely unknown, and so is to what extent this underestimation is associated with dieting behaviors, mental distress, and life satisfaction. As overweight has become more common during the past decades, associations between body size underestimation and mental health may have changed. METHODS Overweight (iso-body mass index, iso-BMI ≥25) adolescents (aged 13-19 years) who participated in The Young-HUNT1 (1995-97, n = 1,338) or The Young-HUNT3 (2006-08, n = 1,833) surveys were included. Being overweight, but perceiving oneself as average-weighted or underweighted was defined as underestimation. Results were based on clinical examinations and self-report questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between body size underestimation, dieting behaviors, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction. RESULTS Among adolescents with overweight and obesity (iso-BMI ≥25), the prevalence of obesity (iso-BMI ≥30), body size underestimation, and having symptoms of anxiety and depression had increased from the first survey to the next. At both time points, body size underestimation was more common among boys than girls. In 2006-08, body size underestimation was negatively associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression in both sexes, and overall associated with higher life satisfaction equally over time. Dieting behavior was negatively associated with underestimation of body size. CONCLUSIONS Body size underestimation in adolescents with overweight/obesity has become more prevalent and a phenomenon associated with less dieting, better life satisfaction and mental health in both boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Kvaløy
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway.
| | - Eli Sandsgård-Hilmarsen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine Tetlie Eik-Nes
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Stjørdal Community Mental Health Centre, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Stjørdal, Norway
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Jystad I, Bjerkeset O, Haugan T, Sund ER, Vaag J. Sociodemographic Correlates and Mental Health Comorbidities in Adolescents With Social Anxiety: The Young-HUNT3 Study, Norway. Front Psychol 2021; 12:663161. [PMID: 33935922 PMCID: PMC8085386 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety is highly prevalent in adolescents and is often associated with great individual suffering and functional impairment. Psychiatric comorbidity is common and further adds to this burden. The purposes of this study were: (1) to describe the occurrence of diagnosed and self-reported social anxiety among 8,199 Norwegian adolescents aged 13–19 years who participated in the population-based Young-HUNT3 study (2006–2008); (2) to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics and different subgroups of social anxiety; and (3) to describe the psychiatric health comorbidities among adolescents diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD). In total, 388 (5.9%) of the adolescents screened positive for SAD and were invited into a diagnostic interview, performed by professional nurses, using Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM IV: child version (ADIS-C) (response rate = 54.6%). A SAD diagnosis was indicated in 106 individuals (50% of the interview subjects), and more than two-thirds of the adolescents diagnosed with SAD had one or more comorbid psychiatric disorders. Higher mean scores of self-reported social anxiety symptoms, poor self-rated health, sleep problems, poor family economic situation, low physical activity, and having sought professional help within the last year were associated with higher odds of being in the screening positive subgroup. Screening positive subjects who did not meet for a diagnostic interview did not differ notably from the rest of the screening positive group in terms of these sociodemographic characteristics. Based on our results and the fact that individuals with social anxiety often fear interview situations, the use of ADIS-C, screening questions and self-reports seem to be sufficient when aiming to identify epidemiologically representative cohorts of adolescents at risk of social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Jystad
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ottar Bjerkeset
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tommy Haugan
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Erik R Sund
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Jonas Vaag
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Burdzovic Andreas J, Ask Torvik F, Ystrom E, Skurtveit S, Handal M, Martinez P, Laslett AM, Lund IO. Parental risk constellations and future alcohol use disorder (AUD) in offspring: A combined HUNT survey and health registries study. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2021; 36:375-386. [PMID: 33734784 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the risk of developing a future alcohol use disorder (AUD) among offspring of families with different constellations of parental risk factors. METHOD We analyzed a sample of 8,774 offspring (50.2% male) from 6,696 two-parent families who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study in Norway when offspring were 13-19 years old in 1995-1997 or 2006-2008. Based on population registry information and parental Nord-Trøndelag Health Study self-reports, families were classified via Latent Profile Analysis into fiver risk constellations reflecting parents' education, drinking quantities and frequencies, and mental health. Information about AUD-related diagnoses, treatments, and prescriptions for all offspring in the period between 2008 and 2016 was obtained from 3 national health registries and pooled to reflect any AUD. The likelihood of AUD in offspring was examined with a set of nested logistic regression models. RESULTS Registry records yielded 186 AUD cases (2.1%). Compared with the lowest-risk constellation, offspring from two constellations were more likely to present with AUD in unadjusted analyses. After adjusting for all covariates, including offspring's alcohol consumption and witnessing parental intoxication during adolescence, AUD risk remained elevated and statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio = 2.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.14, 4.85) for offspring from the constellation characterized by at least weekly binge drinking, low education, and poor mental health in both parents. CONCLUSION Weekly binge drinking by both parents was associated with future AUD risk among community offspring in Norway when clustered with additional parental risks such as poor mental health and low educational attainment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Pisinger VSC, Thorsted A, Jezek AH, Jørgensen A, Christensen AI, Tolstrup JS, Thygesen LC. The Danish National Youth Study 2019: study design and participant characteristics. Scand J Public Health 2021; 50:323-332. [PMID: 33620000 DOI: 10.1177/1403494821993724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To present the study design, study population and questionnaire content of the Danish National Youth Study 2019, and to describe the differences between participants and non-participants regarding demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. METHOD The Danish National Youth Study 2019 is a nationwide web-survey among high school students in Denmark. Data was collected from January to April 2019 through a self-administered questionnaire in the classroom. The questionnaire included 120 questions on, for example, physical and mental health, health behaviour and well-being. Data collection took place at 50 general high schools, 32 preparatory high schools, 15 commercial high school and 19 technical high schools. RESULTS A total of 29,086 students participated (20,287 general high school students, 2,113 preparatory higher school students, 4027 commercial high school students and 2659 technical high school students) corresponding to 66% of the students in the 88 participating schools (31% of invited schools). Among students, 55% were female and the mean age was 17.8 years. Participants were more likely to be female, to be younger, to be of Danish origin, and have family disposable income in the highest quartile compared to non-participants. CONCLUSIONS The Danish National Youth Study 2019 contributes to knowledge on high school students' health, health behaviour and well-being that can support health planning and prioritizing, through identification of specific risk groups at both local and national level. The study also offers great opportunities for future research as it provides possibility of linkage to various Danish national registers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Thorsted
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea Huber Jezek
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Jørgensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lau Caspar Thygesen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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43
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Aune T, Juul EML, Beidel DC, Nordahl HM, Dvorak RD. Mitigating adolescent social anxiety symptoms: the effects of social support and social self-efficacy in findings from the Young-HUNT 3 study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:441-449. [PMID: 32300894 PMCID: PMC8019414 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents' exposure to negative life events (NLEs) and potentially traumatic events is highly prevalent and increases their risk of developing psychological disorders considerably. NLE exposure has also been linked to the development of social anxiety disorder (SAD) among older children and young adolescents. Despite the relatively low treatment efficacy reported for children and adolescents suffering from SAD, few studies have addressed the extent to which resilience factors, such as social support and social self-efficacy, are associated with SAD symptoms. This study examined whether social support and social self-efficacy predict, and buffer against SAD symptoms using a large, population-based sample of adolescents, among whom a large proportion have experienced NLEs. The results reveal that NLEs are significantly associated with SAD symptoms, while social support and social self-efficacy are both negatively associated with SAD symptoms. Only the NLEs × social support interaction significantly predicted SAD symptoms, with social support attenuating the association between NLEs and SAD symptoms. Moreover, increases in both social self-efficacy and social support were associated with reduced SAD symptoms, over and above variance explained by social support alone. Our cumulative results suggest that interventions that can modify both social support and social self-efficacy may help reduce SAD symptoms in at-risk adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Aune
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.
| | | | - Deborah C Beidel
- UCF RESTORES, University of Central Florida, 4111 Pictor Lane, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Hans M Nordahl
- Department of Mental Health, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, St.Olavs Hospital, Nidaros DPS, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Robert D Dvorak
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Central Florida, 4111 Pictor Lane, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
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Abstract
This study examined risk factors of physical aggression during transition from early to late adolescence using a two-wave longitudinal study. Specifically, we examined if risk factors in early adolescence predict physically aggressive behavior starting in late adolescence and why some adolescents desist physical aggressive behavior while others do not. The study sample consisted of 2289 Norwegian adolescents (1235 girls) who participated in the Young-HUNT1 study (mean age 14.5) and the follow-up study 4 years later, Young-HUNT2 study (mean age 18.4). One in six young adolescents reported engaging in physical fights. Moreover, physical aggression in early adolescence was significantly associated with male gender, attention problems, academic problems, being bullied, drinking alcohol, and smoking. Male gender and heavy drinking during early adolescence increased the risk for newly emerging aggressive behavior in late adolescence, whereas heavy drinking during early adolescence was a predictor for persistent versus desisting aggressive behavior in late adolescence.
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45
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The impact of diet during adolescence on the neonatal health of offspring: evidence on the importance of preconception diet. The HUNT study. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:798-810. [PMID: 33256879 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420001087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that parents' nutritional status before and at the time of conception influences the lifelong physical and mental health of their child. Yet little is known about the relationship between diet in adolescence and the health of the next generation at birth. This study examined data from Norwegian cohorts to assess the relationship between dietary patterns in adolescence and neonatal outcomes. Data from adolescents who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (Young-HUNT) were merged with birth data for their offspring through the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Young-HUNT1 collected data from 8980 adolescents between 1995 and 1997. Linear regression was used to assess associations between adolescents' diet and later neonatal outcomes of their offspring adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Analyses were replicated with data from the Young-HUNT3 cohort (dietary data collected from 2006 to 2008) and combined with Young-HUNT1 for pooled analyses. In Young-HUNT1, there was evidence of associations between dietary choices, meal patterns, and neonatal outcomes, these were similar in the pooled analyses but were attenuated to the point of nonsignificance in the smaller Young-HUNT3 cohort. Overall, energy-dense food products were associated with a small detrimental impact on some neonatal outcomes, whereas healthier food choices appeared protective. Our study suggests that there are causal links between consumption of healthy and unhealthy food and meal patterns in adolescence with neonatal outcomes for offspring some years later. The effects seen are small and will require even larger studies with more state-of-the-art dietary assessment to estimate these robustly.
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Haugland S, Coombes L, Strandheim A. Parental alcohol intoxication and adverse health outcomes among offspring. A 4-year follow up HUNT study among 2399 Norwegian adolescents. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101170. [PMID: 32817811 PMCID: PMC7426560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether experience of parental alcohol intoxication was associated with adverse health outcomes among adolescents four years later. A population-based Norwegian cohort study of 2399 adolescents who participated in the Young-HUNT1 Survey 1995-97 (T1, 13-15 years old) was followed up four years later (T2) in 2000 (Young-HUNT2, 17-19 years old). Measures were based on adolescent self-report of exposure to parental alcohol intoxication, self-rated general health, mental distress (SCL-5) and lifetime hospital admission. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, adjusted for gender, age and parental education were applied. Results show that half of the adolescents (51%) had seen parents intoxicated at age 13-15 years. Four years later, those who had reported parental alcohol intoxication at T1 had increased odds of admission to hospital with odds ratios ranging from OR1.3; CI 1.0-1.7 to OR 2.2; CI 1.3-3.9, poorer self-rated health (odds ratio ranging from 1.8;1.2-2.6 to 2.0;1.1-3.7) and more mental distress (odds ratio ranging from 1.7;1.1-2.5 to 1.9;1.0-3.6). Furthermore, the increased frequency of experience of parental alcohol intoxication are associated with higher prevalence of admission to hospital and mental distress and lower levels of self-rated health. Findings from this large, representative population of Norwegian adolescents indicate that adverse health outcomes among adolescents in a general population are related to relatively common heavy drinking behaviours among parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.H. Haugland
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Psychosocial Health, University of Agder, Postboks 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - L. Coombes
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, Social Work and Public Health, Oxford Brookes University, Gypsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - A. Strandheim
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust, 7600 Levanger, Norway
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Moen GH, Brumpton B, Willer C, Åsvold BO, Birkeland KI, Wang G, Neale MC, Freathy RM, Smith GD, Lawlor DA, Kirkpatrick RM, Warrington NM, Evans DM. Mendelian randomization study of maternal influences on birthweight and future cardiometabolic risk in the HUNT cohort. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5404. [PMID: 33106479 PMCID: PMC7588432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a robust observational relationship between lower birthweight and higher risk of cardiometabolic disease in later life. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis posits that adverse environmental factors in utero increase future risk of cardiometabolic disease. Here, we explore if a genetic risk score (GRS) of maternal SNPs associated with offspring birthweight is also associated with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors, after controlling for offspring GRS, in up to 26,057 mother-offspring pairs (and 19,792 father-offspring pairs) from the Nord-Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study. We find little evidence for a maternal (or paternal) genetic effect of birthweight associated variants on offspring cardiometabolic risk factors after adjusting for offspring GRS. In contrast, offspring GRS is strongly related to many cardiometabolic risk factors, even after conditioning on maternal GRS. Our results suggest that the maternal intrauterine environment, as proxied by maternal SNPs that influence offspring birthweight, is unlikely to be a major determinant of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in population based samples of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunn-Helen Moen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Ben Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Cristen Willer
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geng Wang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Michael C Neale
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Robert M Kirkpatrick
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David M Evans
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Obesity in Young Adulthood: The Role of Physical Activity Level, Musculoskeletal Pain, and Psychological Distress in Adolescence (The HUNT-Study). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124603. [PMID: 32604978 PMCID: PMC7344583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic raises long-term health concerns which underline the importance of preventive efforts. We aimed to investigate individual and combined effects of common health problems in adolescence on the probability of obesity in young adulthood. This prospective population-based study included data from participants in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study in Norway (Young-HUNT1 (1995–1997), age 13–19, baseline) who participated in HUNT3 as young adults 11 years later (age 23–31). Exposure variables at baseline included self-reported physical activity, musculoskeletal pain, and psychological distress. We examined associations between exposure variables and the main outcome of obesity in young adulthood (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) using univariate and multiple logistic regression, stratified by sex. Probabilities of obesity for given combinations of the exposure variables were visualized in risk matrixes. The study sample consisted of 1859 participants (43.6% boys). Higher probabilities of obesity in young adulthood were found across combinations of lower physical activity levels and presence of musculoskeletal pain in adolescence. Additional adverse effects of psychological distress were low. Proactive intervention strategies to promote physical activity and facilitate sports participation for all adolescents, whilst addressing musculoskeletal pain and its potential individual causes, could prove helpful to prevent development of obesity in young adulthood.
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Hetlevik Ø, Meland E, Hufthammer KO, Breidablik HJ, Jahanlu D, Vie TL. Self-rated health in adolescence as a predictor of 'multi-illness' in early adulthood: A prospective registry-based Norwegian HUNT study. SSM Popul Health 2020; 11:100604. [PMID: 32509958 PMCID: PMC7265049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-rated health (SRH) is a marker of future health and a possible predictor of future multimorbidity, which is a major challenge for population health and health care. There is a lack of studies on adolescent SRH and patterns of health problems across the transitional period from adolescence to early adulthood. Therefore, this study aimed to identify groups of people with similar health problems in early adulthood and explore the predictive value of adolescent SRH on the group classification after a period of 10–19 years. Data from 8828 adolescents participating in the Young HUNT-1 survey (1995–1997) were linked to the Norwegian registry of general practitioner (GP) claims, which includes diagnoses recorded in GP consultations in 2006–2014. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify groups of patients with similar health problems in early adulthood and explored SRH as a predictor of class membership using latent class regression, adjusting for baseline chronic disease, frequency of health care attendance, sex and age. The mean age at baseline was 16 years, and 50% of the participants were female. SRH was reported as very good by 28%, good by 61% and not good by 11%. We identified five groups of patient classification (classes): Healthy (35%), Infections and general problems (26%), Musculoskeletal problems (21%), Psychological problems (6%) and Multi-illness (13%). We found a gradual increase in the probability of belonging to the Healthy class with better SRH, and an inverse pattern for the Psychological and Multi-illness classes. This pattern remained after adjusting for baseline variables. In conclusion, there is a clear association between adolescent SRH and the risk of having multi-illness in early adulthood, seen as a proxy for later multimorbidity. This finding warrants greater attention to SRH in adolescence as a possible indicator in targeted prevention of future health problems. Adolescent self-rated health (SRH) predicted health problems 10–19 years later. Patients were classified into five groups with similar patterns of health problems. Better SRH increased the probability of adults belonging to the healthiest group. Not good SRH tripled the risk for multi-illness compared to very good SRH. Low SRH in adolescence is a possible predictor of multimorbidity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Hetlevik
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eivind Meland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Hans J Breidablik
- Centre of Health Research, Førde Hospital Trust, PO Box1000, 6807, Førde, Norway
| | - David Jahanlu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, PO Box 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tina L Vie
- Centre of Health Research, Førde Hospital Trust, PO Box1000, 6807, Førde, Norway
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Evans DM, Moen GH, Hwang LD, Lawlor DA, Warrington NM. Elucidating the role of maternal environmental exposures on offspring health and disease using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:861-875. [PMID: 30815700 PMCID: PMC6659380 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable interest in estimating the causal effect of a range of maternal environmental exposures on offspring health-related outcomes. Previous attempts to do this using Mendelian randomization methodologies have been hampered by the paucity of epidemiological cohorts with large numbers of genotyped mother-offspring pairs. METHODS We describe a new statistical model that we have created which can be used to estimate the effect of maternal genotypes on offspring outcomes conditional on offspring genotype, using both individual-level and summary-results data, even when the extent of sample overlap is unknown. RESULTS We describe how the estimates obtained from our method can subsequently be used in large-scale two-sample Mendelian randomization studies to investigate the causal effect of maternal environmental exposures on offspring outcomes. This includes studies that aim to assess the causal effect of in utero exposures related to fetal growth restriction on future risk of disease in offspring. We illustrate our framework using examples related to offspring birthweight and cardiometabolic disease, although the general principles we espouse are relevant for many other offspring phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS We advocate for the establishment of large-scale international genetics consortia that are focused on the identification of maternal genetic effects and committed to the public sharing of genome-wide summary-results data from such efforts. This information will facilitate the application of powerful two-sample Mendelian randomization studies of maternal exposures and offspring outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gunn-Helen Moen
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liang-Dar Hwang
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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