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Vargas R, Martins IP, Matiusso CCI, Casagrande RA, Zara CB, Huppes de Souza AC, Horst WP, Sieklicki TC, Becker TCA, Lucredi NC, Comar JF, Malta A, Mathias PCDF. Protein restriction during lactation causes transgenerational metabolic dysfunction in adult rat offspring. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1062116. [PMID: 36704794 PMCID: PMC9872122 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1062116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Protein restriction during lactation can induce metabolic dysfunctions and has a huge impact on the offspring's phenotype later in its life. We tested whether the effects of a maternal low-protein diet (LP) in rats can be transmitted to the F2 generation and increase their vulnerability to dietary insults in adulthood. Methods Female Wistar rats (F0) were fed either a low-protein diet (LP; 4% protein) during the first 2 weeks of lactation or a normal-protein diet (NP; 23% protein). The female offspring (F1 generation) were maintained on a standard diet throughout the experiment. Once adulthood was reached, female F1 offspring from both groups (i.e., NP-F1 and LP-F1) were bred to proven males, outside the experiment, to produce the F2 generation. Male F2 offspring from both groups (NP-F2 and LP-F2 groups) received a standard diet until 60 days old, at which point they received either a normal fat (NF; 4.5% fat) or a high fat diet (HF; 35% fat) for 30 days. Results At 90 days old, LPNF-F2 offspring had increased lipogenesis and fasting insulinemia compared to NPNF-F2, without alteration in insulin sensitivity. HF diet caused increased gluconeogenesis and displayed glucose intolerance in LPHF-F2 offspring compared to LPNF-F2 offspring. Additionally, the HF diet led to damage to lipid metabolism (such as steatosis grade 3), higher body weight, fat pad stores, and hepatic lipid content. Discussion We concluded that an F0 maternal protein restricted diet during lactation can induce a transgenerational effect on glucose and liver metabolism in the F2 generation, making the offspring's liver more vulnerable to nutritional injury later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil,Health Sciences Center, UniCesumar, Maringá, Brazil,*Correspondence: Rodrigo Vargas,
| | - Isabela Peixoto Martins
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil,Health Sciences Center, UniCesumar, Maringá, Brazil,Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil,Health Sciences Center, UniCesumar, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Benan Zara
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ananda Malta
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Salvatore T, Galiero R, Caturano A, Rinaldi L, Criscuolo L, Di Martino A, Albanese G, Vetrano E, Catalini C, Sardu C, Docimo G, Marfella R, Sasso FC. Current Knowledge on the Pathophysiology of Lean/Normal-Weight Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010658. [PMID: 36614099 PMCID: PMC9820420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since early times, being overweight and obesity have been associated with impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Similarly, a less frequent adult-onset diabetes in low body mass index (BMI) people has been known for many decades. This form is mainly found in developing countries, whereby the largest increase in diabetes incidence is expected in coming years. The number of non-obese patients with T2D is also on the rise among non-white ethnic minorities living in high-income Western countries due to growing migratory flows. A great deal of energy has been spent on understanding the mechanisms that bind obesity to T2D. Conversely, the pathophysiologic features and factors driving the risk of T2D development in non-obese people are still much debated. To reduce the global burden of diabetes, we need to understand why not all obese people develop T2D and not all those with T2D are obese. Moreover, through both an effective prevention and the implementation of an individualized clinical management in all people with diabetes, it is hoped that this will help to reduce this global burden. The purpose of this review is to take stock of current knowledge about the pathophysiology of diabetes not associated to obesity and to highlight which aspects are worthy of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Criscuolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Martino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetana Albanese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Christian Catalini
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
- Mediterrannea Cardiocentro, I–80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Blanco N, Fernández-García JM, Carrillo B, Ballesta A, García-Úbeda R, Collado P, Pinos H. Prenatal Low-Protein and Low-Calorie Diets Differentially Alter Arcuate Nucleus Morphology in Newborn Male Rats. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:896732. [PMID: 35783578 PMCID: PMC9243364 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.896732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMalnutrition during the early stages of development produces alterations that can compromise the functioning of the hypothalamic circuits that regulate food intake. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects that a low-protein and low-calorie diet has on the morphology of the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus in newborn male and female rats.MethodsOn gestational day 6 (G6), six pregnant rats were divided into two groups. One group was made up of three pregnant rats, which were fed ad libitum with a control diet (20% casein), and the other one was made up of three pregnant rats, which were fed ad libitum with a low-protein diet (8% casein) and 30% of a calorie-restricted diet. On the day of birth, pups were sacrificed, resulting in four experimental groups: control male, control female, low-protein and low-calorie diet male, and low-protein and low-calorie diet female (n = 5 in each group). The volume and number of neurons, together with the neuronal density and number of apoptotic cells, were measured.ResultsMales on a low-protein and low-calorie diet showed a significant increase in the number of neurons and in the neuronal density of the ARC with regard to the rest of the groups studied. These increases were also reflected in the posterior part of the nucleus. Although the existence of sexual dimorphism was not detected in any of the parameters studied in the control groups, the number of neurons and neuronal density showed differences between males and females fed with a low-protein and low-calorie diets due to the increase in the number of neurons shown by the male. No significant differences were found in the number of apoptotic cells.ConclusionOur results show that a low-protein and low-calorie diet during the prenatal stage produces alterations in the ARC of the hypothalamus in newborn animals and, more importantly, that the effects of malnutrition are evident in males but not in females. Therefore, it is essential to follow a balanced diet during the early stages of life to ensure optimal development of the neural circuits that regulate eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Blanco
- Department of Psychobiology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
- University Institute of Research-UNED-Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Fernández-García
- Department of Psychobiology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
- University Institute of Research-UNED-Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Villanueva Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Carrillo
- Department of Psychobiology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
- University Institute of Research-UNED-Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Ballesta
- Department of Psychobiology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Úbeda
- Department of Psychobiology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Collado
- Department of Psychobiology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
- University Institute of Research-UNED-Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Pinos
- Department of Psychobiology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
- University Institute of Research-UNED-Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Helena Pinos,
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Hou Z, Lu X, Tiziani S, Fuiman LA. Nutritional programming by maternal diet alters offspring lipid metabolism in a marine teleost. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:535-553. [PMID: 35399145 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional programming - the association between the early nutritional environment and long-term consequences for an animal - is an emerging area of research in fish biology. Previous studies reported correlations between maternal provisioning of essential fatty acids to eggs and the whole-body fatty acid composition of larvae reared under uniform conditions for red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. This study aimed to further investigate the nutritional stimulus and the consequences of nutritional programming by feeding adult red drum several distinct diets and rearing larvae under uniform conditions until 21 days post-hatching when larval lipid and fatty acid compositions were assessed. Different maternal diets produced eggs with distinctive lipid and fatty acid compositions, and despite receiving the same larval diet for almost 3 weeks, larvae showed differences in total fatty acid accumulation and in retention of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). Specifically, larvae reared from a maternal diet of shrimp generally showed elevated levels of fatty acids in the initial steps of the n-3 and n-6 HUFA biosynthetic pathways and reduced levels of fatty acid products of the same pathways, especially in triglyceride. Furthermore, the variations in larval fatty acid accumulation induced by maternal diet varied among females. Lipid metabolism altered by parental diet may have consequences for larval physiological processes and behavioral performance, which may ultimately influence larval survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Hou
- The University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd., Austin, TX, 78723, USA
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd., Austin, TX, 78723, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Lee A Fuiman
- The University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA
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Olude MA, Mouihate A, Mustapha OA, Farina C, Quintana FJ, Olopade JO. Astrocytes and Microglia in Stress-Induced Neuroinflammation: The African Perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:795089. [PMID: 35707531 PMCID: PMC9190229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.795089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Africa is laden with a youthful population, vast mineral resources and rich fauna. However, decades of unfortunate historical, sociocultural and leadership challenges make the continent a hotspot for poverty, indoor and outdoor pollutants with attendant stress factors such as violence, malnutrition, infectious outbreaks and psychological perturbations. The burden of these stressors initiate neuroinflammatory responses but the pattern and mechanisms of glial activation in these scenarios are yet to be properly elucidated. Africa is therefore most vulnerable to neurological stressors when placed against a backdrop of demographics that favor explosive childbearing, a vast population of unemployed youths making up a projected 42% of global youth population by 2030, repressive sociocultural policies towards women, poor access to healthcare, malnutrition, rapid urbanization, climate change and pollution. Early life stress, whether physical or psychological, induces neuroinflammatory response in developing nervous system and consequently leads to the emergence of mental health problems during adulthood. Brain inflammatory response is driven largely by inflammatory mediators released by glial cells; namely astrocytes and microglia. These inflammatory mediators alter the developmental trajectory of fetal and neonatal brain and results in long-lasting maladaptive behaviors and cognitive deficits. This review seeks to highlight the patterns and mechanisms of stressors such as poverty, developmental stress, environmental pollutions as well as malnutrition stress on astrocytes and microglia in neuroinflammation within the African context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ayokunle Olude
- Vertebrate Morphology, Environmental Toxicology and Neuroscience Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Matthew Ayokunle Olude,
| | - Abdeslam Mouihate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Oluwaseun Ahmed Mustapha
- Vertebrate Morphology, Environmental Toxicology and Neuroscience Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Division of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco Javier Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James Olukayode Olopade
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Langley-Evans SC. Early life programming of health and disease: the long-term consequences of obesity in pregnancy: a narrative review. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:816-832. [PMID: 35475555 PMCID: PMC9540012 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising in all parts of the world and among young women it presents a very clear danger during pregnancy. Women who are overweight or who gain excessive weight during pregnancy are at greater risk of complications in pregnancy and labour, and are more likely to lose their child to stillbirth, or themselves die during pregnancy. This narrative review considers the evidence that in addition to increasing risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, obesity has the capacity to programme fetuses to be at greater risk of cardiometabolic disorders later in life. An extensive body of evidence from prospective and retrospective cohorts, and record linkage studies demonstrates associations of maternal obesity and/or gestational diabetes with cardiovascular disease, type-1 and type-2 diabetes. Studies in animals suggest that these associations are underpinned by adaptations that occur in fetal life, which remodel the structures of major organs including the brain, kidney and pancreas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Langley-Evans
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD
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Vipin VA, Blesson CS, Yallampalli C. Maternal low protein diet and fetal programming of lean type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:185-202. [PMID: 35432755 PMCID: PMC8984567 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition is found to be the key factor that determines fetal health in utero and metabolic health during adulthood. Metabolic diseases have been primarily attributed to impaired maternal nutrition during pregnancy, and impaired nutrition has been an immense issue across the globe. In recent years, type 2 diabetes (T2D) has reached epidemic proportion and is a severe public health problem in many countries. Although plenty of research has already been conducted to tackle T2D which is associated with obesity, little is known regarding the etiology and pathophysiology of lean T2D, a variant of T2D. Recent studies have focused on the effects of epigenetic variation on the contribution of in utero origins of lean T2D, although other mechanisms might also contribute to the pathology. Observational studies in humans and experiments in animals strongly suggest an association between maternal low protein diet and lean T2D phenotype. In addition, clear sex-specific disease prevalence was observed in different studies. Consequently, more research is essential for the understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of lean T2D, which might help to develop better disease prevention and treatment strategies. This review examines the role of protein insufficiency in the maternal diet as the central driver of the developmental programming of lean T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyadharan Alukkal Vipin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Chellakkan Selvanesan Blesson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Family Fertility Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Chandra Yallampalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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Ruzok T, Schmitz-Koep B, Menegaux A, Eves R, Daamen M, Boecker H, Rieger-Fackeldey E, Priller J, Zimmer C, Bartmann P, Wolke D, Sorg C, Hedderich DM. Lower hypothalamus subunit volumes link with impaired long-term body weight gain after preterm birth. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1057566. [PMID: 36589836 PMCID: PMC9797519 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1057566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm birth is associated with an increased risk for impaired body weight gain. While it is known that in prematurity several somatic and environmental factors (e.g., endocrine factors, nutrition) modulate short- and long-term body weight gain, the contribution of potentially impaired body weight control in the brain remains elusive. We hypothesized that the structure of hypothalamic nuclei involved in body weight control is altered after preterm birth, with these alterations being associated with aberrant body weight development into adulthood. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed 101 very preterm (i.e., <32 weeks of gestational age) and/or very low birth weight (i.e., <1500g; VP/VLBW) and 110 full-term born (FT) adults of the population-based Bavarian Longitudinal Study with T1-weighted MRI, deep learning-based hypothalamus subunit segmentation, and multiple body weight assessments from birth into adulthood. RESULTS Volumes of the whole hypothalamus and hypothalamus subunits relevant for body weight control were reduced in VP/VLBW adults and associated with birth variables (i.e., gestational age and intensity of neonatal treatment), body weight (i.e., weight at birth and adulthood), and body weight trajectories (i.e., trajectory slopes and cluster/types such as long-term catch-up growth). Particularly, VP/VLBW subgroups, whose individuals showed catch-up growth and/or were small for gestational age, were mostly associated with volumes of distinct hypothalamus subunits such as lateral or infundibular/ventromedial hypothalamus. CONCLUSION Results demonstrate lower volumes of body weight control-related hypothalamus subunits after preterm birth that link with long-term body weight gain. Data suggest postnatal development of body weight -related hypothalamic nuclei in VP/VLBW individuals that corresponds with distinct body weight trajectories into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ruzok
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-NIC, Technical University of Munich Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tobias Ruzok,
| | - Benita Schmitz-Koep
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-NIC, Technical University of Munich Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Aurore Menegaux
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-NIC, Technical University of Munich Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Eves
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Esther Rieger-Fackeldey
- Department of Neonatology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuropsychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh (UK DRI), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-NIC, Technical University of Munich Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-NIC, Technical University of Munich Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis M. Hedderich
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-NIC, Technical University of Munich Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany
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Miranda GDS, de Lima TAL, Costermani HDO, Ricken CLRDS, Parrela JPSDS, Membrive BLA, de Almeida RE, Facchi JC, de Oliveira LR, Miranda RA, de Moura EG, Lisboa PC, de Oliveira JC. Breastfeeding undernutrition changes iBAT-involved thermogenesis protein expression and leads to a lean phenotype in adult rat offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108857. [PMID: 34520852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional insults early in life have been associated with metabolic diseases in adulthood. We aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal food restriction during the suckling period on metabolism and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) thermogenically involved proteins in adult rat offspring. Wistar rats underwent food restriction by 50% during the first two-thirds of lactation (FR50 group). Control rats were fed ad libitum throughout lactation (CONT group). At birth, the litter size was adjusted to eight pups, and weaning was performed at 22 days old. Body weight and food and water intake were assessed every two days. High- (HCD, 4,589 cal) and normal-caloric diet (NCD, 3,860 cal) preferences, as well as food intake during the dark part of the cycle, were assessed. At 100 days old, the rats were euthanized, and blood and tissues were removed for further analyses. Adult FR50 rats, although hyperphagic and preferring to eat HCD (P<.001), were leaner (P<.001) than the CONT group. The FR50 rats, were normoglycemic (P=.962) and had hypertriglyceridemia (P<.01). In addition, the FR50 rats were dyslipidemic (P<.01), presenting with a high atherogenic risk by the Castelli indexes (P<.01), had a higher iBAT mass (P<.01), fewer β3 adrenergic receptors (β3-AR, P<.05) and higher iBAT expression of uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1, P<.05) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α, P<.001) than the CONT rats. In conclusion, maternal food restriction during early breastfeeding programs rat offspring to have a lean phenotype, despite hyperphagia, and increased iBAT UCP1 and PGC-1α protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginislene Dias Souza Miranda
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Thalyne Aparecida Leite de Lima
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Hercules de Oliveira Costermani
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Camila Luiza Rodrigues Dos Santos Ricken
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Jocemara Patrícia Silva de Souza Parrela
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Letícia Antonio Membrive
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Raul Evangelista de Almeida
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Júlia Cristina Facchi
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ryba de Oliveira
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
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10
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Dearden L, Bouret SG, Ozanne SE. Nutritional and developmental programming effects of insulin. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12933. [PMID: 33438814 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of insulin in 1921 was a major breakthrough in medicine and for therapy in patients with diabetes. The dramatic rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity has been tightly linked to an increased prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which poses major health concerns. Babies born to GDM mothers are more likely to develop obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. Evidence accumulated during the past two decades has revealed that high levels insulin, such as those observed during GDM, can have a widespread effect on the development and function of a variety of organs. This review summarises our current knowledge on the role of insulin in the placenta, cardiovascular system and brain during critical periods of development, as well as how it can contribute to lifelong metabolic regulation. We also discuss possible intervention strategies to ameliorate and hopefully reverse the developmental defects associated with obesity and GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dearden
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastien G Bouret
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Research Center, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
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11
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The Effects of Maternal and Postnatal Dietary Methyl Nutrients on Epigenetic Changes that Lead to Non-Communicable Diseases in Adulthood. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093290. [PMID: 32384688 PMCID: PMC7246552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk for non-communicable diseases in adulthood can be programmed by early nutrition. This programming is mediated by changes in expression of key genes in various metabolic pathways during development, which persist into adulthood. These developmental modifications of genes are due to epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation patterns. Recent studies have demonstrated that DNA methylation can be affected by maternal or early postnatal diets. Because methyl groups for methylation reactions come from methionine cycle nutrients (i.e., methionine, choline, betaine, folate), deficiency or supplementation of these methyl nutrients can directly change epigenetic regulation of genes permanently. Although many studies have described the early programming of adult diseases by maternal and infant nutrition, this review discusses studies that have associated early dietary methyl nutrient manipulation with direct effects on epigenetic patterns that could lead to chronic diseases in adulthood. The maternal supply of methyl nutrients during gestation and lactation can alter epigenetics, but programming effects vary depending on the timing of dietary intervention, the type of methyl nutrient manipulated, and the tissue responsible for the phenotype. Moreover, the postnatal manipulation of methyl nutrients can program epigenetics, but more research is needed on whether this approach can rescue maternally programmed offspring.
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12
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Wang N, Lv B, Guan L, Qiao H, Sun B, Luo X, Jia R, Chen K, Yan J. Maternal low protein exposure alters glucose tolerance and intestinal nutrient-responsive receptors and transporters expression of rat offspring. Life Sci 2019; 243:117216. [PMID: 31884096 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Maternal protein malnutrition during perinatal period has long-term consequences on the offspring's metabolic phenotype. Here we determined the effects of maternal protein-restricted (PR) diet on offspring's metabolism in 3- and 12-week-old. MAIN METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with standard chow diet or PR diet during pregnancy and lactation. Food intake and body weight of offspring were measured weekly. The oral glucose tolerance tests were underwent, the pancreases were collected for histochemical staining, and the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected for gene and protein expression analysis in 3- and 12-week-old offspring. KEY FINDINGS PR offspring had significant lower body weight and persisted till 12-week-old. From 3- to 12-week-old, PR offspring presented considerably impaired glucose tolerance, while no marked change was shown in control rats. Additionally, the average islet size of PR offspring decreased significantly in 12-week-old. The mRNA and protein expression of nutrient-responsive receptors and transporters T1R3, SGLT1 and GLUT2 increased significantly in the intestine of 3-week-old PR offspring. And from 3- and 12-week-old, the increase tendency of expression subdued. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that maternal PR diet during critical developmental windows influences offspring metabolism, which may be subdued partially, but not be reversed completely by chow diet after weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Bo Lv
- School of Humanities, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Limin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Hu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Jianqun Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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13
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Alves DS, Barbosa DFS, Nogueira VO, Tourneur Y, Fontes DAF, Brito-Alves JL, Costa-Silva JH. Maternal protein restriction affects cardiovascular, but not respiratory response to L-glutamate microinjection into the NTS of conscious rats. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:907-918. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1692508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Alves
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - D. F. S. Barbosa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - V. O. Nogueira
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Y. Tourneur
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - D. A. F. Fontes
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - J. L. Brito-Alves
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, UFPB, Brazil
| | - J. H. Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
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Barbeito-Andrés J, Castro-Fonseca E, Qiu LR, Bernal V, Lent R, Henkelman M, Lukowiak K, Gleiser PM, Hallgrimsson B, Gonzalez PN. Region-specific changes in Mus musculus brain size and cell composition under chronic nutrient restriction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.204651. [PMID: 31395680 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.204651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition is one of the most influential environmental factors affecting the development of different tissues and organs. It is suggested that under nutrient restriction the growth of the brain is spared as a result of the differential allocation of resources from other organs. However, it is not clear whether this sparing occurs brain-wide. Here, we analyzed morphological changes and cell composition in different regions of the offspring mouse brain after maternal exposure to nutrient restriction during pregnancy and lactation. Using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, we found that brain regions were differentially sensitive to maternal protein restriction and exhibited particular patterns of volume reduction. The cerebellum was reduced in absolute and relative volume, while cortex volume was relatively preserved. Alterations in cell composition (examined by the isotropic fractionator method) and organization of white matter (measured by diffusor tensor images) were also region specific. These changes were not related to the metabolic rate of the regions and were only partially explained by their specific growth trajectories. This study is a first step towards understanding the mechanisms of regional brain sparing at microstructural and macrostructural levels resulting from undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Barbeito-Andrés
- Institute for Studies in Neuroscience and Complex Systems Studies, ENyS, CONICET, CP 1888 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emily Castro-Fonseca
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Lily R Qiu
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Valeria Bernal
- Anthropology Department, School of Natural Sciences, National University of La Plata, CP 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto Lent
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Mark Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lukowiak
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Pablo M Gleiser
- Medical Physics Department, Bariloche Atomic Centre, Bariloche CP 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Benedikt Hallgrimsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Paula N Gonzalez
- Institute for Studies in Neuroscience and Complex Systems Studies, ENyS, CONICET, CP 1888 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pedroso AP, Dornellas APS, de Souza AP, Pagotto JF, Oyama LM, Nascimento CMO, Klawitter J, Christians U, Tashima AK, Ribeiro EB. A proteomics-metabolomics approach indicates changes in hypothalamic glutamate-GABA metabolism of adult female rats submitted to intrauterine growth restriction. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:3059-3068. [PMID: 30406389 PMCID: PMC6842332 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been shown to induce the programming of metabolic disturbances and obesity, associated with hypothalamic derangements. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of IUGR on the protein and metabolite profiles of the hypothalamus of adult female rats. METHODS Wistar rats were mated and either had ad libitum access to food (control group) or received only 50% of the control intake (restricted group) during the whole pregnancy. Both groups ate ad libitum throughout lactation. At 4 months of age, the control and restricted female offspring was euthanized for blood and tissues collection. The hypothalami were processed for data independent acquisition mass spectrometry-based proteomics or targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. RESULTS The adult females submitted to IUGR showed increased glycemia and body adiposity, with normal body weight and food intake. IUGR modulated significantly 28 hypothalamic proteins and 7 hypothalamic metabolites. The effects of IUGR on hypothalamic proteins and metabolites included downregulation of glutamine synthetase, glutamate decarboxylase, glutamate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate, and up-regulation of NADH dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate. Integrated pathway analysis indicated that IUGR affected GABAergic synapse, glutamate metabolism, and TCA cycle, highly interconnected pathways whose derangement has potentially multiple consequences. CONCLUSION The present findings suggested that the effects of IUGR on GABA/glutamate-glutamine cycle may be involved in the programming of obesity and hyperglycemia in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Pedroso
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Ana P S Dornellas
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Adriana P de Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Josias F Pagotto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lila M Oyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Cláudia M O Nascimento
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Uwe Christians
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexandre K Tashima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
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Venci RDO, Ramos GB, Martins IP, Matiusso CCI, Saavedra LPJ, Ribeiro TA, Pavanello A, Prates KV, Tófolo LP, Moraes AMPD, Fabricio GS, de Oliveira JC, Franco CCDS, Palma-Rigo K, Mathias PCDF, Malta A. Malnutrition during late pregnancy exacerbates high-fat-diet-induced metabolic dysfunction associated with lower sympathetic nerve tonus in adult rat offspring. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:432-443. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1516845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renan de Oliveira Venci
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Bortoli Ramos
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Isabela Peixoto Martins
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Kelly Valério Prates
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Praxedes de Moraes
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Sergio Fabricio
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Effects of early-life malnutrition on neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric disorders and the potential mechanisms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:64-75. [PMID: 29287829 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lines of evidence have demonstrated that early-life malnutrition is highly correlated with neurodevelopment and adulthood neuropsychiatric disorders, while some findings are conflicting with each other. In addition, the biological mechanisms are less investigated. We systematically reviewed the evidence linking early-life nutrition status with neurodevelopment and clinical observations in human and animal models. We summarized the effects of special nutritious on neuropsychiatric disorders and explored the underlying potential mechanisms. The further understanding of the biological regulation of early-life nutritional status on neurodevelopment might shed light on precision nutrition at an integrative systems biology framework.
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Abstract
Well-controlled intrauterine development is an essential condition for many aspects of normal adult physiology and health. This process is disrupted by poor maternal nutrition status during pregnancy. Indeed, physiological adaptations occur in the fetus to ensure nutrient supply to the most vital organs at the expense of the others, leading to irreversible consequences in tissue formation and differentiation. Evidence indicates that maternal undernutrition in early life promotes changes in key hormones, such as glucocorticoids, growth hormones, insulin-like growth factors, estrogens and androgens, during fetal development. These alterations can directly or indirectly affect hormone release, hormone receptor expression/distribution, cellular function or tissue organization, and impair tissue growth, differentiation and maturation to exert profound long-term effects on the offspring. Within the male reproductive system, maternal protein malnutrition alters development, structure, and function of the gonads, testes and prostate gland. Consequently, these changes impair the reproductive capacity of the male offspring. Further, permanent alterations in the prostate gland occur at the molecular and cellular level and thereby affect the onset of late life diseases such as prostatitis, hyperplasia and even prostate cancer. This review assembles current thoughts on the concepts and mechanisms behind the developmental origins of health and disease as they relate to protein malnutrition, and highlights the effects of maternal protein malnutrition on rat prostate development and homeostasis. Such insights on developmental trajectories of adult-onset prostate disease may help provide a foundation for future studies in this field.
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Pinos H, Carrillo B, Díaz F, Chowen JA, Collado P. Differential vulnerability to adverse nutritional conditions in male and female rats: Modulatory role of estradiol during development. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 48:13-22. [PMID: 28754628 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown the importance of an adequate nutritional environment during development to optimally establish the neurohormonal circuits that regulate feeding behavior. Under- or over-nutrition during early stages of life can lead to alterations in the physiology and brain networks that control food intake, resulting in a greater vulnerability to suffer maladjustments in energy metabolism in adulthood. These alterations produced by under- or over-nourishment during development differ between males and females, as does the modulatory action that estradiol exerts on the alterations produced by malnutrition. Estradiol regulates metabolism and brain metabolic circuits through the same transcription factor pathway, STAT3, that leptin and ghrelin use to program feeding circuits. Although more research is needed to disentangle the actual role of estradiol during development on the programming of feeding circuits, a synergistic role together with leptin and/or ghrelin might be hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pinos
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Mixto de Investigación-Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS), Spain
| | - Beatriz Carrillo
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Mixto de Investigación-Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS), Spain
| | - Francisca Díaz
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, N° 65, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, N° 65, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Collado
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal n° 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Mixto de Investigación-Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS), Spain.
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Maternal low intensity physical exercise prevents obesity in offspring rats exposed to early overnutrition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7634. [PMID: 28794439 PMCID: PMC5550501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Low intensity exercise during pregnancy and lactation may create a protective effect against the development of obesity in offspring exposed to overnutrition in early life. To test these hypotheses, pregnant rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups: Sedentary and Exercised, low intensity, on a rodent treadmill at 30% VO2Max /30-minute/session/3x/week throughout pregnancy and the lactation. Male offspring were raised in small litters (SL, 3 pups/dam) and normal litters (NL, 9 pups/dam) as models of early overnutrition and normal feed, respectively. Exercised mothers showed low mesenteric fat pad stores and fasting glucose and improved glucose-insulin tolerance, VO2max during lactation and sympathetic activity. Moreover, the breast milk contained elevated levels of insulin. In addition, SL of sedentary mothers presented metabolic dysfunction and glucose and insulin intolerance and were hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic in adulthood. SL of exercised mothers showed lower fat tissue accretion and improvements in glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, insulinemia and glycemia. The results suggest that maternal exercise during the perinatal period can have a possible reprogramming effect to prevent metabolic dysfunction in adult rat offspring exposed to early overnutrition, which may be associated with the improvement in maternal health caused by exercise.
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Impact of malnutrition on cardiac autonomic modulation in children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2016; 92:638-644. [PMID: 27234037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the autonomic behavior between malnourished children and a control group using analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). METHOD Data were analyzed from 70 children who were divided into two groups: malnourished and eutrophic, according to the Z-score nutritional status for height and age. For analysis of HRV indices, heart rate was recorded beat to beat with the child in the supine position for 20min. The analysis of these indices was performed using linear methods, analyzed in the time and frequency domains. Student's t-test for unpaired data and the Mann-Whitney test were used to compare variables between groups, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS A reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increase in heart rate were found in malnourished children compared to eutrophic children. The HRV indices suggested that malnourished children present reductions in both sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system activity. The SDNN, rMSSD, NN50, pNN50, SD1, SD2, TINN, LF (ms2), and HF (ms2) indices were lower in malnourished children. CONCLUSION Malnourished children present changes in cardiac autonomic modulation, characterized by reductions in both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, as well as increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure.
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Impact of malnutrition on cardiac autonomic modulation in children. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ribeiro TA, Prates KV, Pavanello A, Malta A, Tófolo LP, Martins IP, Oliveira JCD, Miranda RA, Gomes RM, Vieira E, Franco CCDS, Barella LF, Francisco FA, Alves VS, Silveira SDS, Moreira VM, Fabricio GS, Palma-Rigo K, Sloboda DM, Mathias PCDF. Acephate exposure during a perinatal life program to type 2 diabetes. Toxicology 2016; 372:12-21. [PMID: 27765684 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acephate has been used extensively as an insecticide in agriculture. Its downstream sequelae are associated with hyperglycemia, lipid metabolism dysfunction, DNA damage, and cancer, which are rapidly growing epidemics and which lead to increased morbidity and mortality rates and soaring health-care costs. Developing interventions will require a comprehensive understanding of which excess insecticides during perinatal life can cause insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A Wistar rat animal model suggests that acephate exposure during pregnancy and lactation causes alterations in maternal glucose metabolism and programs the offspring to be susceptible to type 2 diabetes at adulthood. Therapeutic approaches based on preventive actions to food contaminated with insecticides during pregnancy and lactation could prevent new cases of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Valério Prates
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabela Peixoto Martins
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, 78.557-267 Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysis Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Elaine Vieira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Claudinéia Conationi da Silva Franco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Barella
- Molecular Signalling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 20892 Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Flávio Andrade Francisco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Vander Silva Alves
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra da Silva Silveira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Mota Moreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Sergio Fabricio
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Ob/Gyn, and Pediatrics MacMaster University-8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil; UPSP-EGEAL Institut Polytechnique LaSalle de Beauvais, BP, 30313-60026 Beauvais Cedex, France
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Hunter DS, Hazel SJ, Kind KL, Owens JA, Pitcher JB, Gatford KL. Programming the brain: Common outcomes and gaps in knowledge from animal studies of IUGR. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:233-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Thanos PK, Zhuo J, Robison L, Kim R, Ananth M, Choai I, Grunseich A, Grissom NM, George R, Delis F, Reyes TM. Suboptimal maternal diets alter mu opioid receptor and dopamine type 1 receptor binding but exert no effect on dopamine transporters in the offspring brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 64:21-28. [PMID: 27666382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Birthweight is a marker for suboptimal fetal growth and development in utero. Offspring can be born large for gestational age (LGA), which is linked to maternal obesity or excessive gestational weight gain, as well as small for gestational age (SGA), arising from nutrient or calorie deficiency, placental dysfunction, or other maternal conditions (hypertension, infection). In humans, LGA and SGA babies are at an increased risk for certain neurodevelopmental disorders, including Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, schizophrenia, and social and mood disorders. Using mouse models of LGA (maternal high fat (HF) diet) and SGA (maternal low protein (LP) diet) offspring, our lab has previously shown that these offspring display alterations in the expression of mesocorticolimbic genes that regulate dopamine and opioid function, thus indicating that these brain regions and neurotransmitter systems are vulnerable to gestational insults. Interestingly, these two maternal diets affected dopamine and opioid systems in somewhat opposing directions (e.g., LP offspring are generally hyperdopaminergic with reduced opioid expression, and the reverse is found for the HF offspring). These data largely involved evaluation at the transcriptional level, so the present experiment was designed to extend these analyses through an assessment of receptor binding. In this study, control, SGA and LGA offspring were generated from dams fed control, low protein or high fat diet, respectively, throughout pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, mice were placed on the control diet and sacrificed at 12 weeks of age. In vitro autoradiography was used to measure mu-opioid receptor (MOR), dopamine type 1 receptor (D1R), and dopamine transporter (DAT) binding level in mesolimbic brain regions. Results showed that the LP offspring (males and females) had significantly higher MOR and D1R binding than the control animals in the regions associated with reward. In HF offspring there were no differences in MOR binding, and limited increases in D1R binding, seen only in females in the nucleus accumbens core and the dorsomedial caudate/putamen. DAT binding revealed no differences in either models. In conclusion, LP but not HF offspring show significantly elevated MOR and D1R binding in the brain thus affecting DA and opioid signaling. These findings advance the current understanding of how suboptimal gestational diets can adversely impact neurodevelopment and increase the risk for disorders such as ADHD, obesity and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 14203, USA.
| | - Jianmin Zhuo
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 14203, USA
| | - Lisa Robison
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 14203, USA
| | - Ronald Kim
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 14203, USA
| | - Mala Ananth
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 14203, USA
| | - Ilon Choai
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 14203, USA
| | - Adam Grunseich
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 14203, USA
| | - Nicola M Grissom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Robert George
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Foteini Delis
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 14203, USA
| | - Teresa M Reyes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
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Fraser M, Dhaliwal CK, Vickers MH, Krechowec SO, Breier BH. Diet-induced obesity and prenatal undernutrition lead to differential neuroendocrine gene expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nuclei. Endocrine 2016; 53:839-47. [PMID: 26979526 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously we reported that prenatal undernutrition (UN) leads to a dysregulation of appetite suppression through alterations in hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression. In the current study, we expand our observations and investigate neuroendocrine transcriptional responses and central leptin sensitivity within the arcuate nucleus of rats exposed to prenatal UN or a postnatal high-fat diet (HF). Pregnant Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet either ad libitum (AD) or at 30 % of AD intake throughout gestation (UN) resulting in either control or intrauterine growth-restricted female offspring. At weaning, AD offspring were fed either a chow (C) or a HF (30 % fat wt/wt) diet ad libitum for the remainder of the study, whereas UN offspring were fed a chow diet only. At ~142 days, AD and UN offspring received either recombinant rat leptin (L) or saline (S) subcutaneously for 14 days. Prenatal UN had a significant effect on hypothalamic NPY (P < 0.0001), AgRP (P < 0.01) and ObRb (P < 0.02) mRNA expression compared to AD chow-fed offspring. A postnatal HF diet had a significant effect on AgRP mRNA expression (P < 0.001), compared to AD chow-fed offspring, but no effect on NPY and ObRb expression. Leptin treatment, in both UN and HF offspring, was ineffective in reducing NPY and AgRP mRNA expression, and had no effect on ObRb expression. These findings suggest that prenatal UN and a postnatal HF diet lead to differential neuroendocrine gene expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nuclei and reduced sensitivity to leptin's anorexigenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhoyra Fraser
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | | | - Mark H Vickers
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stefan O Krechowec
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bernhard H Breier
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Food and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Albany Campus, Auckland, New Zealand
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de Oliveira JC, Gomes RM, Miranda RA, Barella LF, Malta A, Martins IP, Franco CCDS, Pavanello A, Torrezan R, Natali MRM, Lisboa PC, Mathias PCDF, de Moura EG. Protein Restriction During the Last Third of Pregnancy Malprograms the Neuroendocrine Axes to Induce Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Male Rat Offspring. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1799-812. [PMID: 27007071 PMCID: PMC5393358 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic malprogramming has been associated with low birth weight; however, the interplay between insulin secretion disruption and adrenal function upon lipid metabolism is unclear in adult offspring from protein-malnourished mothers during the last third of gestation. Thus, we aimed to study the effects of a maternal low-protein diet during the last third of pregnancy on adult offspring metabolism, including pancreatic islet function and morphophysiological aspects of the liver, adrenal gland, white adipose tissue, and pancreas. Virgin female Wistar rats (age 70 d) were mated and fed a protein-restricted diet (4%, intrauterine protein restricted [IUPR]) from day 14 of pregnancy until delivery, whereas control dams were fed a 20.5% protein diet. At age 91 d, their body composition, glucose-insulin homeostasis, ACTH, corticosterone, leptin, adiponectin, lipid profile, pancreatic islet function and liver, adrenal gland, and pancreas morphology were assessed. The birth weights of the IUPR rats were 20% lower than the control rats (P < .001). Adult IUPR rats were heavier, hyperphagic, hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, hyperleptinemic, and hypercorticosteronemic (P < .05) with higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin, ACTH, and insulin sensitivity index levels (P < .01). The insulinotropic action of glucose and acetylcholine as well as muscarinic and adrenergic receptor function were impaired in the IUPR rats (P < .05). Maternal undernutrition during the last third of gestation disrupts the pancreatic islet insulinotropic response and induces obesity-associated complications. Such alterations lead to a high risk of metabolic syndrome, characterized by insulin resistance, visceral obesity, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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da Silva AAM, Oliveira MM, Cavalcante TCF, do Amaral Almeida LC, de Souza JA, da Silva MC, de Souza SL. Low protein diet during gestation and lactation increases food reward seeking but does not modify sucrose taste reactivity in adult female rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 49:50-9. [PMID: 26805766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nutritional deficiencies during neural development may lead to irreversible changes, even after nutritional rehabilitation, promoting morphological and functional adaptations of structures involved with various behaviours including feeding behaviour. However, the ability of the exposure low protein diet during gestation and lactation to affect the hedonic component of food intake is still poorly understood, especially in females. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to the diet offered to the dams during pregnancy and lactation: control female (CF; diet with 17% protein, n=7) and low protein female (LPF; diet with 8% protein, n=7). The following parameters were evaluated: (a) body weight during weaning, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 days of life; (b) standard diet intake from 110 to 132 days of life; (c) fat diet and consumption of simple carbohydrates (HFHS) for 1h at 145 days of life; (d) incentive runway task 60 days after 82 days of life; (e) taste reactivity at 90 days of life; and (f) neuronal activation in the caudate putamen, amygdala, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus under stimulus HFHS at 145 days of life. RESULTS The exposure, a low protein diet during gestation and lactation, decreased the body weight throughout the study period from weaning to 90 days of life. However, there was no significant change in the body weight of low protein females from 110 to 132 days of life compared with the control females. There was an increase in the rate of the search for reward and reduced the latency of the perception of bitter taste. The exposure, a low protein diet during gestation and lactation, also promoted hypophagy in adult females compared with control animals. The low protein female had increased HFHS diet consumption compared with the control. Undernutrition increased neuronal activation in response to HFHS diet consumption compared with female controls in the amygdala and in the caudate putamen. CONCLUSION Females subjected to the exposure, a low protein diet during gestation and lactation, exhibit hypophagy on a standard diet but a higher consumption of a diet rich in lipids and simple carbohydrates. And also were more motivated by the pursuit of reward and reduced latency of the bitter taste reactivity, and increased the number of immunoreactive cells c-fos protein activated in the caudate putamen, amygdala and paraventricular nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Alves Marcelino da Silva
- Nursing College-Universidade de Pernambuco-Campus Petrolina-UPE, Recife, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Taisy Cinthia Ferro Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Nutrition, Universidade Federal Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil; Nutrition College-Universidade de Pernambuco-Campus Petrolina-UPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Matilde Cesiana da Silva
- Nutrition College-Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória-UFPE-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Sandra Lopes de Souza
- Postgraduate Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Hanafi MY, Saleh MM, Saad MI, Abdelkhalek TM, Kamel MA. Transgenerational effects of obesity and malnourishment on diabetes risk in F2 generation. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 412:269-80. [PMID: 26708218 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transgenerational inheritance of various diseases and phenotypes has been demonstrated in diverse species and involves various epigenetic markers. Obesity and malnourishment are nutritional stresses that have effects on offspring through increasing their risk of diabetes and/or obesity. Obesity and malnourishment both affect glucose metabolism and alter oxidative stress parameters in key organs. We induced obesity and malnutrition in F0 female rats by the use of obesogenic diet and protein-deficient diet, respectively. F0 obese and malnourished females were mated with control males and their offspring (F1 generation) were maintained on control diets. The male and female F1 offspring were mated with controls and the resultant offspring (F2 generation) were maintained on control diet. Glucose-sensing markers, glucose metabolism, indicators of insulin resistance and oxidative stress parameters were assessed during fetal development and till the adulthood of the offspring. Glucose-sensing genes were significantly over-expressed in distinct fetal tissues of F2 offspring of malnourished F1 females (F2-MF1F), specifically in fetal pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue. Nuclear and mitochondrial 8-oxo-dG DNA content was significantly elevated in F2-MF1F fetal pancreas. Maternal FBG was significantly elevated in F2-MF1F and F2 offspring of obese F1 females (F2-OF1F) during pregnancy. Males and females offspring of F2-OF1 exhibited significantly elevated FBG and impaired OGTT. Offspring of F2-MF1F showed similar results, while that of F2-MF1M did not significantly deviate from controls. F2-OF1F and F2-MF1F offspring exhibited significant deviation in insulin levels and HOMA-IR levels from controls. Malnourishment has a stronger transgenerational effect through maternal line compared to obesity and malnourishment through paternal line in increasing risk of diabetes in F2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Y Hanafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, P.O. Box 21561, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, P.O. Box 21561, Alexandria, Egypt.
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Taha M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, P.O. Box 21561, Alexandria, Egypt
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The fetal programming of food preferences: current clinical and experimental evidence. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2015; 7:222-230. [PMID: 26412563 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174415007187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased energy consumption is one of the major factors implicated in the epidemic of obesity. There is compelling evidence, both clinical and experimental, that fetal paucity of nutrients may have programming effects on feeding preferences and behaviors that can contribute to the development of diseases. Clinical studies in different age groups show that individuals born small for their gestational age (SGA) have preferences towards highly caloric foods such as carbohydrates and fats. Some studies have also shown altered eating behaviors in SGA children. Despite an apparent discrepancy in different age groups, all studies seem to converge to an increased intake of palatable foods in SGA individuals. Small nutrient imbalances across lifespan increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases in adult life. Homeostatic factors such as altered responses to leptin and insulin and alterations in neuropeptides associated with appetite and satiety are likely involved. Imbalances between homeostatic and hedonic signaling are another proposed mechanism, with the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway having differential reward and pleasure responses when facing palatable foods. Early exposure to undernutrition also programs hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, with SGA having higher levels of cortisol in different ages, leading to chronic hyperactivity of this neuroendocrine axis. This review summarizes the clinical and experimental evidence related to fetal programming of feeding preferences by SGA.
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Silva FC, de Menezes RC, Chianca DA. The implication of protein malnutrition on cardiovascular control systems in rats. Front Physiol 2015; 6:246. [PMID: 26388783 PMCID: PMC4557349 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The malnutrition in early life is associated with metabolic changes and cardiovascular impairment in adulthood. Deficient protein intake-mediated hypertension has been observed in clinical and experimental studies. In rats, protein malnutrition also increases the blood pressure and enhances heart rate and sympathetic activity. In this review, we discuss the effects of post-weaning protein malnutrition on the resting mean arterial pressure and heart rate and their variabilities, cardiovascular reflexes sensitivity, cardiac autonomic balance, sympathetic and renin-angiotensin activities and neural plasticity during adult life. These insights reveal an interesting prospect on the autonomic modulation underlying the cardiovascular imbalance and provide relevant information on preventing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C de Menezes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Deoclécio A Chianca
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil
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Malta A, de Moura EG, Ribeiro TA, Tófolo LP, Abdennebi-Najar L, Vieau D, Barella LF, de Freitas Mathias PC, Lisboa PC, de Oliveira JC. Protein-energy malnutrition at mid-adulthood does not imprint long-term metabolic consequences in male rats. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1423-33. [PMID: 26133298 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The long-term effects of the development of chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity have been associated with nutritional insults in critical life stages. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a low-protein diet on metabolism in mid-adulthood male rats. METHODS At 90 days of age, Wistar male rats were fed a low-protein diet (4.0 %, LP group) for 30 days, whereas control rats were fed a normal-protein diet (20.5 %, NP group) throughout their lifetimes. To allow for dietary rehabilitation, from 120 to 180 days of age, the LP rats were fed a normal-protein diet. Then, we measured body composition, fat stores, glucose-insulin homeostasis and pancreatic islet function. RESULTS At 120 days of age, just after low-protein diet treatment, the LP rats displayed a strong lean phenotype, hypoinsulinemia, as assessed under fasting and glucose tolerance test conditions, as well as weak pancreatic islet insulinotropic response to glucose and acetylcholine (p < 0.01). At 180 days of age, after poor-protein diet rehabilitation, the LP rats displayed a slight lean phenotype (p < 0.05), which was associated with a high body weight gain (p < 0.001). Additionally, fat pad accumulation, glycemia and insulinemia, as well as the pancreatic islet insulinotropic response, were not significantly different between the LP and NP rats (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present data suggest that the effects of dietary restriction as a stressor in adulthood are reversible with dietary rehabilitation, indicating that adulthood is not a sensitive or critical time window for metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Didier Vieau
- Maternal Perinatal Undernutrition Team, Perinatal Environment and Growth Laboratory, Lille-North of France University, University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Luiz Felipe Barella
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
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Carrillo B, Collado P, Díaz F, Chowen JA, Pinos H. Exposure to increased levels of estradiol during development can have long-term effects on the response to undernutrition in female rats. Nutr Neurosci 2015; 19:414-422. [PMID: 25763920 DOI: 10.1179/1476830515y.0000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Undernutrition during development alters the expression of peptides that control energy expenditure and feeding behavior. Estrogens can also modulate these peptides. Here, we analyze whether the early postnatal administration of estradiol modulates the effects of undernutrition on neuroendocrine parameters in adult female Wistar rats. METHODS Control rats were fed a control diet. Undernourished pups were submitted to a restricted diet with half of the undernourished rats receiving 0.4 mg/kg s.c. of estradiol benzoate (EB) from postnatal day (P) 6 until P13. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine expression in the hypothalamus of agouti-related peptide (AgRP), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript. Plasma estradiol, testosterone, and adiponectin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total and acylated ghrelin levels were measured in plasma by radioimmunoassay. Insulin and leptin were measured by mulitplex immunoassays. RESULTS Undernourishment decreased body weight, fat mass, plasma leptin and insulin levels, and hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels. An increase in orexigenic signals AgRP and NPY mRNA levels, and in plasma adiponectin levels were found in undernourished animals. Early postnatal treatment with EB to undernourished female rats reversed the effects of undernutrition on adult hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels. In addition, neonatal EB treatment to undernourished females significantly decreased adult plasma testosterone, estradiol, and acylated ghrelin levels. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that increased estradiol during a critical period of development has the capacity to modulate the alterations that undernutrition produces on energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Carrillo
- a Departamento de Psicobiología , Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) , Madrid , Spain
| | - P Collado
- a Departamento de Psicobiología , Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) , Madrid , Spain
| | - F Díaz
- b Departamento de Endocrinología , Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - J A Chowen
- b Departamento de Endocrinología , Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - H Pinos
- a Departamento de Psicobiología , Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) , Madrid , Spain
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Body composition and behaviour in adult rats are influenced by maternal diet, maternal age and high-fat feeding. J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e3. [PMID: 26090100 PMCID: PMC4463023 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal exposure to maternal undernutrition has lifelong consequences for physiological and
metabolic function. Maternal low-protein diet is associated with an age-related phenotype
in rats, characterised by a period of resistance to development of obesity in early
adulthood, giving way to an obesity-prone, insulin-resistant state in later adulthood.
Offspring of rats fed a control (18 % casein) or low-protein (9 % casein; LP) diet in
pregnancy were challenged with a high-fat diet at 9 months of age. To assess whether other
maternal factors modulated the programming effects of nutrition, offspring were studied
from young (2–4 months old) and older (6–9 months old) mothers. Weight gain with a
high-fat diet was attenuated in male offspring of older mothers fed LP (interaction of
maternal age and diet; P = 0·011) and adipose tissue deposition was lower
with LP feeding in both males and females (P < 0·05). Although the
resistance to weight gain and adiposity was partially explained by lower energy intake in
offspring of LP mothers (P < 0·001 males only), it was apparent
that energy expenditure must be influenced by maternal diet and age. Assessment of
locomotor activity indicated that energy expenditure associated with physical activity was
unlikely to explain resistance to weight gain, but showed that offspring of older mothers
were more anxious than those of younger mothers, with more rearing observed in a novel
environment and on the elevated plus-maze. The data showed that in addition to maternal
undernutrition, greater maternal age may influence development and long-term body
composition in the rat.
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Bouret S, Levin BE, Ozanne SE. Gene-environment interactions controlling energy and glucose homeostasis and the developmental origins of obesity. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:47-82. [PMID: 25540138 PMCID: PMC4281588 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often occur together and affect a growing number of individuals in both the developed and developing worlds. Both are associated with a number of other serious illnesses that lead to increased rates of mortality. There is likely a polygenic mode of inheritance underlying both disorders, but it has become increasingly clear that the pre- and postnatal environments play critical roles in pushing predisposed individuals over the edge into a disease state. This review focuses on the many genetic and environmental variables that interact to cause predisposed individuals to become obese and diabetic. The brain and its interactions with the external and internal environment are a major focus given the prominent role these interactions play in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Bouret
- The Saban Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Inserm U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, University Lille 2, Lille, France; Neurology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and University of Cambridge Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barry E Levin
- The Saban Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Inserm U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, University Lille 2, Lille, France; Neurology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and University of Cambridge Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- The Saban Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Inserm U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, University Lille 2, Lille, France; Neurology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and University of Cambridge Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Cardoso RC, Alves BRC, Prezotto LD, Thorson JF, Tedeschi LO, Keisler DH, Amstalden M, Williams GL. Reciprocal changes in leptin and NPY during nutritional acceleration of puberty in heifers. J Endocrinol 2014; 223:289-98. [PMID: 25326602 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Feeding a high-concentrate diet to heifers during the juvenile period, resulting in increased body weight (BW) gain and adiposity, leads to early-onset puberty. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the increase in GnRH/LH release during nutritional acceleration of puberty is accompanied by reciprocal changes in circulating leptin and central release of neuropeptide Y (NPY). The heifers were weaned at 3.5 months of age and fed to gain either 0.5 (Low-gain; LG) or 1.0 kg/day (High-gain; HG) for 30 weeks. A subgroup of heifers was fitted surgically with third ventricle guide cannulas and was subjected to intensive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood sampling at 8 and 9 months of age. Mean BW was greater in HG than in LG heifers at week 6 of the experiment and remained greater thereafter. Starting at 9 months of age, the percentage of pubertal HG heifers was greater than that of LG heifers, although a replicate effect was observed. During the 6-h period in which CSF and blood were collected simultaneously, all LH pulses coincided with or shortly followed a GnRH pulse. At 8 months of age, the frequency of LH pulses was greater in the HG than in the LG group. Beginning at 6 months of age, concentrations of leptin were greater in HG than in LG heifers. At 9 months of age, concentrations of NPY in the CSF were lesser in HG heifers. These observations indicate that increased BW gain during juvenile development accelerates puberty in heifers, coincident with reciprocal changes in circulating concentrations of leptin and hypothalamic NPY release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo C Cardoso
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Bruna R C Alves
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Ligia D Prezotto
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Jennifer F Thorson
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Luis O Tedeschi
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Duane H Keisler
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Marcel Amstalden
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Gary L Williams
- Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA Animal Reproduction LaboratoryTexas A&M AgriLife Research Station, 3507 Highway 59E, Beeville, Texas 78102, USADepartment of Animal ScienceKleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USADivision of Animal SciencesAnimal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Hallam MC, Reimer RA. Postnatal prebiotic fiber intake in offspring exposed to gestational protein restriction has sex-specific effects on insulin resistance and intestinal permeability in rats. J Nutr 2014; 144:1556-63. [PMID: 25080539 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.194142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy is known to have numerous adverse effects on offspring, including increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance later in life. A few studies have shown that this adverse programming can be reversed by dietary or hormonal therapies early in postnatal life. The objective of this study was to determine if a weaning diet high in prebiotic fiber could mitigate some of the negative effects of maternal PR, such as increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance. Wistar rats were fed a low- (8%) or normal- (20%) protein diet during pregnancy. Male and female pups were weaned onto control (C; 5% fiber, 20% protein) or high (prebiotic) fiber (HF; 21% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 4-10 wk; 10% wt:wt, 1:1 ratio oligofructose and inulin at 10-24 wk; 17.3% protein) diets. At 24 wk of age, glucose tolerance, body composition, satiety hormones, gut microbiota, and markers of intestinal permeability were measured in the offspring. Maternal PR reduced offspring birth weight by 5% and lean mass by 9% compared with the C offspring (P < 0.007). HF-fed offspring had lower body weights and percentage body fat (∼23% in males, ∼19% in females) at 24 wk than did C offspring (P < 0.02). Compared with C pups, pups fed the HF diet had greater cecal Bifidobacterium spp. (>5-fold) and plasma concentrations of the gut trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) (P < 0.05). In male PR offspring fed the HF diet, insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was reduced by 81% compared with those fed the C diet (P = 0.02). In female PR offspring fed the HF diet, plasma endotoxin was greater and colonic tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) expression was lower than in those fed the C diet. A high prebiotic fiber weaning diet mitigated increased adiposity and insulin resistance associated with maternal PR, which could improve health and decrease risk of chronic disease in offspring born to malnourished dams. However, the functional importance of sex-specific changes in markers of intestinal barrier function warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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MacKay H, Abizaid A. Embryonic development of the hypothalamic feeding circuitry: Transcriptional, nutritional, and hormonal influences. Mol Metab 2014; 3:813-22. [PMID: 25506547 PMCID: PMC4264037 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Embryonic neurogenesis and differentiation in the hypothalamic feeding circuitry is under the control of a variety of diffused morphogens and intrinsic transcription factors, leading to the unique structural and functional characteristics of each nucleus. Scope of review The transcriptional regulation of the development of feeding neuroendocrine systems during the period of embryonic neurogenesis and differentiation will be reviewed here, with a special emphasis on genetic and environmental manipulations that yield an adverse metabolic phenotype. Major conclusions Emerging data suggest that developmental mechanisms can be perturbed not only by genetic manipulation, but also by manipulations to maternal nutrition during the gestational period, leading to long-lasting behavioral, neurobiological, and metabolic consequences. Leptin is neurotrophic in the embryonic brain, and given that it varies in proportion to maternal energy balance, may mediate these effects through an interaction with the mechanisms of hypothalamic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry MacKay
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Abstract
Available data from both experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that inadequate diet in early life can permanently change the structure and function of specific organs or homoeostatic pathways, thereby ‘programming’ the individual’s health status and longevity. Sufficient evidence has accumulated showing significant impact of epigenetic regulation mechanisms in nutritional programming phenomenon. The essential role of early-life diet in the development of aging-related chronic diseases is well established and described in many scientific publications. However, the programming effects on lifespan have not been extensively reviewed systematically. The aim of the review is to provide a summary of research findings and theoretical explanations that indicate that longevity can be influenced by early nutrition.
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40
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Rinaldi W, Gomes RM, Scomparin DX, Grassiolli S, Ribeiro TA, Fabricio GS, Barella LF, Pavanello A, Trombini AB, Mathias PCDF, de Oliveira JC. Low-intensity and moderate exercise training improves autonomic nervous system activity imbalanced by postnatal early overfeeding in rats. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014; 11:25. [PMID: 24914402 PMCID: PMC4049453 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postnatal early overfeeding and physical inactivity are serious risk factors for obesity. Physical activity enhances energy expenditure and consumes fat stocks, thereby decreasing body weight (bw). This study aimed to examine whether low-intensity and moderate exercise training in different post-weaning stages of life is capable of modulating the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and inhibiting perinatal overfeeding-induced obesity in rats. Methods The obesity-promoting regimen was begun two days after birth when the litter size was adjusted to 3 pups (small litter, SL) or to 9 pups (normal litter, NL). The rats were organized into exercised groups as follows: from weaning until 90-day-old, from weaning until 50-day-old, or from 60- until 90-days-old. All experimental procedures were performed just one day after the exercise training protocol. Results The SL-no-exercised (SL-N-EXE) group exhibited excess weight and increased fat accumulation. We also observed fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in these rats. In addition, the SL-N-EXE group exhibited an increase in the vagus nerve firing rate, whereas the firing of the greater splanchnic nerve was not altered. Independent of the timing of exercise and the age of the rats, exercise training was able to significantly blocks obesity onset in the SL rats; even SL animals whose exercise training was stopped at the end of puberty, exhibited resistance to obesity progression. Fasting glycemia was maintained normal in all SL rats that underwent the exercise training, independent of the period. These results demonstrate that moderate exercise, regardless of the time of onset, is capable on improve the vagus nerves imbalanced tonus and blocks the onset of early overfeeding-induced obesity. Conclusions Low-intensity and moderate exercise training can promote the maintenance of glucose homeostasis, reduces the large fat pad stores associated to improvement of the ANS activity in adult rats that were obesity-programmed by early overfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Rinaldi
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Felipe Barella
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Bianchi Trombini
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Malta A, de Oliveira JC, Ribeiro TADS, Tófolo LP, Barella LF, Prates KV, Miranda RA, Elmhiri G, Franco CCDS, Agostinho AR, Trombini AB, Pavanello A, Gravena C, Abdennebi-Najar L, Mathias PCDF. Low-protein diet in adult male rats has long-term effects on metabolism. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:285-95. [PMID: 24599936 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional insults during developmental plasticity have been linked with metabolic diseases such as diabetes in adulthood. We aimed to investigate whether a low-protein (LP) diet at the beginning of adulthood is able to program metabolic disruptions in rats. While control rats ate a normal-protein (23%; NP group) diet, treated rats were fed a LP (4%; LP group) diet from 60 to 90 days of age, after which an NP diet was supplied until they were 150 days old. Plasma levels of glucose and insulin, autonomous nervous system (ANS), and pancreatic islet function were then evaluated. Compared with the NP group, LP rats exhibited unchanged body weight and reduced food intake throughout the period of protein restriction; however, after the switch to the NP diet, hyperphagia of 10% (P<0.05), and catch-up growth of 113% (P<0.0001) were found. The LP rats showed hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and higher fat accretion than the NP rats. While the sympathetic tonus from LP rats reduced by 28%, the vagus tonus increased by 21% (P<0.05). Compared with the islets from NP rats, the glucose insulinotropic effect as well as cholinergic and adrenergic actions was unaltered in the islets from LP rats. Protein restriction at the beginning of adulthood induced unbalanced ANS activity and fat tissue accretion later in life, even without functional disturbances in the pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Block H67, Room 19, State University of Maringá, Colombo Avenue 5970, 87020-900 Maringá, Parana, Brazil UPSP-EGEAL Institut Polytechnique LaSalle de Beauvais, Beauvais Cedex, France
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Portella AK, Silveira PP. Neurobehavioral determinants of nutritional security in fetal growth-restricted individuals. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1331:15-33. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Krumel Portella
- Hospital da Criança Santo Antônio; Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre; Rio Grande do Sul; Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Rio Grande do Sul; Brazil
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Abstract
A newly recognized primary cause of the obesity epidemic is the developmental programming effects of infants born to mothers with obesity or gestational diabetes, intrauterine growth-restricted newborns, and offspring exposed to environmental toxins including bisphenol A. The mechanisms which result in offspring obesity include the programming of the hypothalamic appetite pathway and adipogenic signals regulating lipogenesis. Processes include nutrient sensors, epigenetic modifications, and alterations in stem cell precursors of both appetite/satiety neurons and adipocytes which are modulated to potentiate offspring obesity. Future strategies for the prevention and therapy of obesity must address programming effects of the early life environment.
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Langley-Evans SC. Nutrition in early life and the programming of adult disease: a review. J Hum Nutr Diet 2014; 28 Suppl 1:1-14. [PMID: 24479490 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Foetal development and infancy are life stages that are characterised by rapid growth, development and maturation of organs and systems. Variation in the quality or quantity of nutrients consumed by mothers during pregnancy, or infants during the first year of life, can exert permanent and powerful effects upon developing tissues. These effects are termed 'programming' and represent an important risk factor for noncommunicable diseases of adulthood, including the metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease. This narrative review provides an overview of the evidence-base showing that indicators of nutritional deficit in pregnancy are associated with a greater risk of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular mortality. There is also a limited evidence-base that suggests some relationship between breastfeeding and the timing and type of foods used in weaning, and disease in later life. Many of the associations reported between indicators of early growth and adult disease appear to interact with specific genotypes. This supports the idea that programming is one of several cumulative influences upon health and disease acting across the lifespan. Experimental studies have provided important clues to the mechanisms that link nutritional challenges in early life to disease in adulthood. It is suggested that nutritional programming is a product of the altered expression of genes that regulate the cell cycle, resulting in effective remodelling of tissue structure and functionality. The observation that traits programmed by nutritional exposures in foetal life can be transmitted to further generations adds weight the argument that heritable epigenetic modifications play a critical role in nutritional programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Langley-Evans
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
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Silva FCS, Guidine PA, Ribeiro MF, Fernandes LG, Xavier CH, de Menezes RC, Silva ME, Moraes-Santos T, Moraes MF, Chianca DA. Malnutrition alters the cardiovascular responses induced by central injection of tityustoxin in Fischer rats. Toxicon 2013; 76:343-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Konieczna J, García AP, Sánchez J, Palou M, Palou A, Picó C. Oral leptin treatment in suckling rats ameliorates detrimental effects in hypothalamic structure and function caused by maternal caloric restriction during gestation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81906. [PMID: 24312379 PMCID: PMC3842976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A poor prenatal environment brings about perturbations in leptin surge and hypothalamic circuitry that program impaired ability to regulate energy homeostasis in adulthood. Here, using a rat model of moderate maternal caloric restriction during gestation, we aimed to investigate whether leptin supplementation with physiological doses throughout lactation is able to ameliorate the adverse developmental malprogramming effects exerted in offspring hypothalamus structure and function. Three groups of male and female rats were studied: the offspring of ad libitum fed dams (controls), the offspring of 20% calorie restricted dams during the first part of pregnancy (CR), and CR rats supplemented with physiological doses of leptin throughout lactation (CR-Leptin). Animals were sacrificed on postnatal day 25. Morphometric and immunohistochemical studies on arcuate (ARC) and paraventicular (PVN) nucleus were performed and hypothalamic expression levels of selected genes were determined. In CR males, leptin treatment restored, at least in part, the number of immunoreactive neuropeptide Y (NPY(+)) cells in ARC, the total number of cells in PVN, hypothalamic NPY, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 (SOCS-3) mRNA levels, and plasma leptin levels, which were decreased in CR animals. CR-Leptin males showed higher hypothalamic long-form leptin receptor (ObRb) mRNA levels, compared to control and CR animals. In CR females, leptin treatment reverted the increased number of cells in ARC and cell density in ARC and PVN, and reduced hypothalamic SOCS-3 mRNA expression to levels similar to controls. Leptin treatment also reverted the increased relative area of NPY(+) fibers in the PVN occurring in CR animals. In conclusion, leptin supplementation throughout lactation is able to revert, at least partly, most of the developmental effects on hypothalamic structure and function caused by moderate maternal caloric restriction during gestation, and hence making this metabolic malprogramming reversible to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Konieczna
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana Paula García
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Juana Sánchez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mariona Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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47
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Abstract
During critical periods of development early in life, excessive or scarce nutritional environments can disrupt the development of central feeding and metabolic neural circuitry, leading to obesity and metabolic disorders in adulthood. A better understanding of the genetic networks that control the development of feeding and metabolic neural circuits, along with knowledge of how and where dietary signals disrupt this process, can serve as the basis for future therapies aimed at reversing the public health crisis that is now building as a result of the global obesity epidemic. This review of animal and human studies highlights recent insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate the development of central feeding circuitries, the mechanisms by which gestational and early postnatal nutritional status affects this process, and approaches aimed at counteracting the deleterious effects of early over- and underfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Lee
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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48
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Barella LF, de Oliveira JC, Mathias PCDF. Pancreatic islets and their roles in metabolic programming. Nutrition 2013; 30:373-9. [PMID: 24206821 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and epidemiologic data have confirmed that undernutrition or overnutrition during critical periods of life can result in metabolic dysfunction, leading to the development of obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, later in life. These studies have contributed to the concept of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), which involves metabolic programming patterns. Beyond the earlier phases of development, puberty can be an additional period of plasticity, during which any insult can lead to changes in metabolism. Impaired brain development, associated with imbalanced autonomous nervous system activity due to metabolic programming, is pivotal to the creation of pathophysiology. Excess glucocorticoid exposure, due to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis deregulation, is also involved in malprogramming in early life. Additionally, the pancreatic islets appear to play a decisive role in the setup and maintenance of these metabolic dysfunctions as key targets of metabolic programming, and epigenetic mechanisms may underlie these changes. Moreover, studies have indicated the possibility that deprogramming renders the islets able to recover their functioning after malprogramming. In this review, we discuss the key roles of the pancreatic islets as targets of malprogramming; however, we also discuss their roles as important targets for the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Barella
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Chaudhary R, Chugh M, Darokhan Z, Katreddi RR, Ramachandra R, Rema V. Physiological slowing and upregulation of inhibition in cortex are correlated with behavioral deficits in protein malnourished rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76556. [PMID: 24098531 PMCID: PMC3789706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein malnutrition during early development has been correlated with cognitive and learning disabilities in children, but the neuronal deficits caused by long-term protein deficiency are not well understood. We exposed rats from gestation up to adulthood to a protein-deficient (PD) diet, to emulate chronic protein malnutrition in humans. The offspring exhibited significantly impaired performance on the 'Gap-crossing' (GC) task after reaching maturity, a behavior that has been shown to depend on normal functioning of the somatosensory cortex. The physiological state of the somatosensory cortex was examined to determine neuronal correlates of the deficits in behavior. Extracellular multi-unit recording from layer 4 (L4) neurons that receive direct thalamocortical inputs and layers 2/3 (L2/3) neurons that are dominated by intracortical connections in the whisker-barrel cortex of PD rats exhibited significantly low spontaneous activity and depressed responses to whisker stimulation. L4 neurons were more severely affected than L2/3 neurons. The response onset was significantly delayed in L4 cells. The peak response latency of L4 and L2/3 neurons was delayed significantly. In L2/3 and L4 of the barrel cortex there was a substantial increase in GAD65 (112% over controls) and much smaller increase in NMDAR1 (12-20%), suggesting enhanced inhibition in the PD cortex. These results show that chronic protein deficiency negatively affects both thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical transmission during somatosensory information processing. The findings support the interpretation that sustained protein deficiency interferes with features of cortical sensory processing that are likely to underlie the cognitive impairments reported in humans who have suffered from prolonged protein deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manisha Chugh
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
| | | | | | | | - V. Rema
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
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Gravena C, Andreazzi AE, Mecabo FT, Grassiolli S, Scantamburlo VM, Mathias PCF. Protein restriction during lactation alters the autonomic nervous system control on glucose-induced insulin secretion in adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 10:79-87. [PMID: 17539486 DOI: 10.1080/10284150701308693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of autonomic nervous system (ANS) neurotransmitters on insulin secretion in rats submitted to protein malnutrition during lactation was studied. During the first 2/3 of lactation, mothers received a 4% protein diet (LP). Control group received normal diet (23% protein) (NP). After protein restriction, mothers received normal diets. At 81 days rats were submitted to intravenous glucose tolerance tests (ivGTT). Plasma glucose and insulin concentration (PIC) were measured. Glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) was tested in pancreatic islets. Fasting normoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia were observed in LP rats. Glucose intolerance and low PIC in LP group were detected during ivGTT. Acetylcholine (Ach) or blockage of alpha-adrenoceptors induced high PIC increment in LP rats; atropine or stimulation of alpha-adrenoceptors did not change PIC. Insulin secretion of LP rat islets showed low glucose and carbachol responses. Epinephrine-inhibited GIIS in both islet groups. Hypoinsulinemia observed in lactation-malnourished rats might be caused by alterations in GIIS regulation, including ANS modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Gravena
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
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