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Langa S, Peirotén Á, Curiel JA, de la Bastida AR, Landete JM. Isoflavone Metabolism by Lactic Acid Bacteria and Its Application in the Development of Fermented Soy Food with Beneficial Effects on Human Health. Foods 2023; 12:1293. [PMID: 36981219 PMCID: PMC10048179 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are phenolic compounds (considered as phytoestrogens) with estrogenic and antioxidant function, which are highly beneficial for human health, especially in the aged population. However, isoflavones in foods are not bioavailable and, therefore, have low biological activity. Additionally, their transformation into bioactive compounds by microorganisms is necessary to obtain bioavailable isoflavones with beneficial effects on human health. Many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can transform the methylated and glycosylated forms of isoflavones naturally present in foods into more bioavailable aglycones, such as daidzein, genistein and glycitein. In addition, certain LAB strains are capable of transforming isoflavone aglycones into compounds with a greater biological activity, such as dihydrodaidzein (DHD), O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA), dihydrogenistein (DHG) and 6-hydroxy-O-desmethylangolensin (6-OH-O-DMA). Moreover, Lactococcus garviae 20-92 is able to produce equol. Another strategy in the bioconversion of isoflavones is the heterologous expression of genes from Slackia isoflavoniconvertens DSM22006, which have allowed the production of DHD, DHG, equol and 5-hydroxy-equol in high concentrations by engineered LAB strains. Accordingly, the consequences of isoflavone metabolism by LAB and its application in the development of foods enriched in bioactive isoflavones, as well as health benefits attributed to their consumption, will be addressed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José María Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Pejčić T, Zeković M, Bumbaširević U, Kalaba M, Vovk I, Bensa M, Popović L, Tešić Ž. The Role of Isoflavones in the Prevention of Breast Cancer and Prostate Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020368. [PMID: 36829927 PMCID: PMC9952119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes epidemiological studies on breast cancer and prostate cancer with an overview of their global incidence distribution to investigate the relationship between these diseases and diet. The biological properties, mechanisms of action, and available data supporting the potential role of isoflavones in the prevention of breast cancer and prostate cancer are discussed. Studies evaluating the effects of isoflavones in tissue cultures of normal and malignant breast and prostate cells, as well as the current body of research regarding the effects of isoflavones attained through multiple modifications of cellular molecular signaling pathways and control of oxidative stress, are summarized. Furthermore, this review compiles literature sources reporting on the following: (1) levels of estrogen in breast and prostate tissue; (2) levels of isoflavones in the normal and malignant tissue of these organs in European and Asian populations; (3) average concentrations of isoflavones in the secretion of these organs (milk and semen). Finally, particular emphasis is placed on studies investigating the effect of isoflavones on tissues via estrogen receptors (ER).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Pejčić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (I.V.)
| | - Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Bumbaširević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kalaba
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Vovk
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (I.V.)
| | - Maja Bensa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lazar Popović
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Put Doktora Goldmana 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Živoslav Tešić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Zhang C, Zhao M, Jiang B, Yu J, Hao Q, Liu W, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Song C. Extraction optimization, structural characterization and potential alleviation of hyperuricemia by flavone glycosides from celery seeds. Food Funct 2022; 13:9832-9846. [PMID: 36047466 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01715f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Celery seeds are commonly used as condiments and in herbal teas with high medicinal value. In the present study, we investigated the contents of extracts derived under different extraction conditions and determined the optimal conditions for only extracting flavone glycosides from celery seeds. The compositional analysis identified three primary flavone glycosides in the ethanolic extract, and apiin, graveobioside A, and graveobioside B were isolated. Apigenin, luteolin, and chrsyeriol were obtained by the acid hydrolysis of flavone glycosides under high-temperature conditions. Here we investigated the inhibitory activity of apigenin and apiin on xanthine oxidase by reducing the rate of oxidative cytochrome C and found that both apigenin and apiin reduced cytochrome C production, except for low concentrations of apiin. In vivo analysis with hyperuricemia mice and rats showed that apiin had excellent uric acid-lowering effects and high dose-dependence, while apigenin was relatively slightly uric acid-lowering. In addition, the flavone glycoside extracts from celery seeds exhibited similar effects of reducing uric acid with apiin. Surprisingly, in hyperuricemia rats, the uric acid-lowering effects of high-dose apiin and flavone glycoside extracts were almost comparable to that of allopurinol. Besides, our experimental results showed that apigenin could improve uric acid clearance by increasing the glomerular filtration capacity, which was reflected in reducing the renal function parameters SUN and SCr; also, apiin showed better results. This study also showed that celery seeds have a unique medicinal value in treating hyperuricemia and that the flavone glycoside extracts from celery seeds can be developed as medicine for hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Jimo, QingDao City, Shandong Province 266237, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wen Hua Xi Lu, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250012, China.
| | - Bei Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wen Hua Xi Lu, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250012, China.
| | - Jing Yu
- State key laboratory of microbial technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Jimo, QingDao City, Shandong Province 266237, China.
| | - Qiufa Hao
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wen Hua Xi Lu, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250012, China.
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Zhao Hu
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wen Hua Xi Lu, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250012, China.
| | - Youming Zhang
- State key laboratory of microbial technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Jimo, QingDao City, Shandong Province 266237, China.
| | - Chun Song
- State key laboratory of microbial technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Jimo, QingDao City, Shandong Province 266237, China.
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Yousefbeyk F, Hemmati G, Gholipour Z, Ghasemi S, Evazalipour M, Schubert C, Koohi DE, Böhm V. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of golden chamomile ( Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Schultz Bip). Z NATURFORSCH C 2022; 77:331-342. [PMID: 35231163 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Schultz Bip. (Asteraceae), known as golden chamomile, has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases. In this study, total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents of total extract and different fractions of this plant were determined. The antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities were also evaluated. Moreover, the phenolic profiles of selected fractions were determined by HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis. Results demonstrated total phenolic contents of 37.8-57.2 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid contents of 3.0-111.2 mg QE/g. The ethyl acetate and methanol fractions (EF and MF) had the highest concentrations of phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid compounds. In both DPPH radical scavenging assay and phosphomolybdenum reduction assay, EF showed the best antioxidant activity, followed by MF. EF and MF indicated also the best antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis (MIC 1.56 and 12.5 mg ml-1) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 0.78 and 12.5 mg ml-1). Hexane fraction (HF) had no antibacterial effect. None of the samples had antifungal effect. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay revealed for EF and HF the highest antiproliferative activities (IC50 values ranged from 111.8 to 294.6 μg ml-1). The presence of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside in MF, and p-coumaric acid in EF was confirmed and quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yousefbeyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Hemmati
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ziba Gholipour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghasemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehdi Evazalipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Clara Schubert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Diba E Koohi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Polia F, Pastor-Belda M, Martínez-Blázquez A, Horcajada MN, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Villalba R. Technological and Biotechnological Processes To Enhance the Bioavailability of Dietary (Poly)phenols in Humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2092-2107. [PMID: 35156799 PMCID: PMC8880379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of (poly)phenols (PPs) depend upon their bioavailability that, in general, is very low and shows a high interindividual variability. The low bioavailability of PPs is mainly attributed to their low absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract as a result of their low water solubility, their presence in foods as polymers or in glycosylated forms, and their tight bond to food matrices. Although many studies have investigated how technological and biotechnological processes affect the phenolic composition of fruits and vegetables, limited information exists regarding their effects on PP bioavailability in humans. In the present review, the effect of food processing (mechanical, thermal, and non-thermal treatments), oral-delivery nanoformulations, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, co-administration with probiotics, and generation of postbiotics in PP bioavailability have been overviewed, focusing in the evidence provided in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Polia
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Pastor-Belda
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of
International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Martínez-Blázquez
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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6
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Optimization of the Bioactivation of Isoflavones in Soymilk by Lactic Acid Bacteria. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybeans and soy-based products contain isoflavones which can be used for nutraceutical and medical applications. In soybeans and in unfermented soy foods, isoflavones are normally present as glycosides. Isoflavone glycosides can be enzymatically converted to isoflavone aglycones, thus releasing the sugar molecule. The effective absorption of isoflavones in humans requires the bioconversion of isoflavone glycosides to isoflavone aglycones through the activity of the enzyme β-glucosidase. The objective was to assess the capacity of 42 bacterial strains (belonging to Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus) to produce β-glucosidase activity. The strain that showed the highest β-glucosidase activity (Lactobacillus plantarum 128/2) was then used for the optimization of the bioconversion of genistin and daidzin present in commercial soymilk to their aglycone forms genistein and daidzein. The contribution of process parameters (temperature, inoculum size, time) to the efficiency of such bioactivation was tested. Lactobacillus plantarum 128/2 was able to completely bioactivate soymilk isoflavones under the following conditions: 25 °C temperature, 2% inoculum size and 48 h process time. These results confirm the suitability of lactic acid bacteria for the bioactivation of isoflavones present in soymilk and provide an interesting candidate (L. plantarum 182/2) for food industries to perform this transformation.
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Messina M, Mejia SB, Cassidy A, Duncan A, Kurzer M, Nagato C, Ronis M, Rowland I, Sievenpiper J, Barnes S. Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5824-5885. [PMID: 33775173 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans are a rich source of isoflavones, which are classified as phytoestrogens. Despite numerous proposed benefits, isoflavones are often classified as endocrine disruptors, based primarily on animal studies. However, there are ample human data regarding the health effects of isoflavones. We conducted a technical review, systematically searching Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (from inception through January 2021). We included clinical studies, observational studies, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) that examined the relationship between soy and/or isoflavone intake and endocrine-related endpoints. 417 reports (229 observational studies, 157 clinical studies and 32 SRMAs) met our eligibility criteria. The available evidence indicates that isoflavone intake does not adversely affect thyroid function. Adverse effects are also not seen on breast or endometrial tissue or estrogen levels in women, or testosterone or estrogen levels, or sperm or semen parameters in men. Although menstrual cycle length may be slightly increased, ovulation is not prevented. Limited insight could be gained about possible impacts of in utero isoflavone exposure, but the existing data are reassuring. Adverse effects of isoflavone intake were not identified in children, but limited research has been conducted. After extensive review, the evidence does not support classifying isoflavones as endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Department of Nutrition, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alison Duncan
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mindy Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chisato Nagato
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Martin Ronis
- Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ian Rowland
- Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, England, UK
| | | | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama, Alabama, USA
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Jang HH, Noh H, Kim HW, Cho SY, Kim HJ, Lee SH, Lee SH, Gunter MJ, Ferrari P, Scalbert A, Freisling H, Kim JB, Choe JS, Kwon O. Metabolic tracking of isoflavones in soybean products and biosamples from healthy adults after fermented soybean consumption. Food Chem 2020; 330:127317. [PMID: 32569934 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation may enhance the nutritional properties of foods by increasing metabolite bioactivity or bioavailability. This study explored the effect of fermentation on isoflavone bioavailability and metabolism. Isoflavone metabolites were tracked in foods and biospecimens of healthy adults after fermented soybean (FS) or non-fermented soybean (NFS) consumption in a randomized, controlled, crossover intervention study. The change in soybean isoflavones caused by fermentation resulted in faster absorption and higher bioavailability after consumption of FS. Although the urinary level of total isoflavone metabolites was similar after the consumption of the two diets, urinary genistein 7-O-sulfate was derived as a discriminant metabolite for the FS diet by partial least squares discriminant analysis. This study suggests that an isoflavone conjugate profile might be a more appropriate marker than total isoflavone levels for discriminating between the consumption of FS and NFS diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Hee Jang
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea; Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwayoung Noh
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heon-Woong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Cho
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Seon-Hye Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hyen Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Jung-Bong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Choe
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea.
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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de Oliveira Silva F, Lemos TC, Sandôra D, Monteiro M, Perrone D. Fermentation of soybean meal improves isoflavone metabolism after soy biscuit consumption by adults. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:2991-2998. [PMID: 32048288 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary excretion of isoflavones and their metabolites after the consumption of soybean meal (SBM) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM) biscuits was investigated in humans in a randomized double-blinded crossover clinical trial. RESULTS Aglycones were the most abundant metabolites in urine in both treatments. After FSBM consumption, total urinary excretion of aglycones and metabolites was 54% higher when compared to SBM biscuits. All metabolites were more rapidly excreted after FSBM biscuit consumption when compared to SBM biscuits. Urinary recovery of isoflavones was higher after FSBM biscuit consumption, reaching 67%. Women excreted higher amounts of colonic metabolites and lower amounts of aglycones than men. The prevalence of O-demethylangolensin-producer, equol-producer and nonproducer metabotypes was 56%, 11% and 36% after SBM consumption and 72%, 11% and 17% after FSBM consumption, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings indicate that fermentation improves isoflavone bioavailability and possibly reduces the impact of gut microbiota on the metabolism of isoflavones. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio de Oliveira Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Análise Sensorial de Alimentos, Department of Natural Products and Food, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thayane Cc Lemos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego Sandôra
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Monteiro
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Perrone
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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10
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Luteolin-7-O-Glucoside Inhibits Oral Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Regulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040502. [PMID: 32224968 PMCID: PMC7226481 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common type of cancer globally, which is associated with high rates of cancer-related deaths. Metastasis to distant organs is the main reason behind worst prognostic outcome of oral cancer. In the present study, we aimed at evaluating the effects of a natural plant flavonoid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, on oral cancer cell migration and invasion. The study findings showed that in addition to preventing cell proliferation, luteolin-7-O-glucoside caused a significant reduction in oral cancer cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, luteolin-7-O-glucoside caused a reduction in cancer metastasis by reducing p38 phosphorylation and downregulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression. Using a p38 inhibitor, SB203580, we proved that luteolin-7-O-glucoside exerts anti-migratory effects by suppressing p38-mediated increased expression of MMP-2. This is the first study to demonstrate the luteolin-7-O-glucoside inhibits cell migration and invasion by regulating MMP-2 expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in human oral cancer cell. The study identifies luteolin-7-O-glucoside as a potential anti-cancer candidate that can be utilized clinically for improving oral cancer prognosis.
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11
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Sobhani M, Farzaei MH, Kiani S, Khodarahmi R. Immunomodulatory; Anti-inflammatory/antioxidant Effects of Polyphenols: A Comparative Review on the Parental Compounds and Their Metabolites. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1717523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Sobhani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sarah Kiani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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12
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Park CM, Song YS. Luteolin and luteolin-7- O-glucoside protect against acute liver injury through regulation of inflammatory mediators and antioxidative enzymes in GalN/LPS-induced hepatitic ICR mice. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 13:473-479. [PMID: 31814922 PMCID: PMC6883227 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.6.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were compared in galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatitic ICR mice. MATERIALS/METHODS Male ICR mice (6 weeks old) were divided into 4 groups: normal control, GalN/LPS, luteolin, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside groups. The latter two groups were administered luteolin or luteolin-7-O-glucoside (50 mg/kg BW) daily by gavage for 3 weeks after which hepatitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of GalN and LPS (1 g/kg BW and 10 µg/kg BW, respectively). RESULTS GalN/LPS produced acute hepatic injury by a sharp increase in serum AST, ALT, and TNF-α levels, increases that were ameliorated in the experimental groups. In addition, markedly increased expressions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and its transcription factors, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1, were also significantly attenuated in the experimental groups. Compared to luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin more potently ameliorated the levels of inflammatory mediators. Phase II enzymes levels and NF-E2 p45-related factor (Nrf)-2 activation that were decreased by GalN/LPS were increased by luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside administration. In addition, compared to luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside acted as a more potent inducer of changes in phase II enzymes. Liver histopathology results were consistent with the mediator and enzyme results. CONCLUSION Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside protect against GalN/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity through the regulation of inflammatory mediators and phase II enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Mu Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Song
- Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Korea
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13
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Fokialakis N, Alexi X, Aligiannis N, Boulaka A, Meligova AK, Lambrinidis G, Kalpoutzakis E, Pratsinis H, Cheilari A, Mitsiou DJ, Mitakou S, Alexis MN. Biological evaluation of isoflavonoids from Genista halacsyi using estrogen-target cells: Activities of glucosides compared to aglycones. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210247. [PMID: 30620769 PMCID: PMC6324813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of estrogen target cells to a series of isoflavone glucosides and aglycones from Genista halacsyi Heldr. The methanolic extract of aerial parts of this plant was processed using fast centrifugal partition chromatography, resulting in isolation of four archetypal isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, isoprunetin, 8-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein) and ten derivatives thereof. 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein and 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein were among the most abundant constituents of the isolate. All fourteen, except genistein, displayed low binding affinity for estrogen receptors (ER). Models of binding to ERα could account for the low binding affinity of monoglucosides. Genistein and its glucosides displayed full efficacy in inducing alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) in Ishikawa cells, proliferation of MCF-7 cells and ER-dependent gene expression in reporter cells at low concentrations (around 0.3 μM). ICI182,780 fully antagonized these effects. The AlkP-inducing efficacy of the fourteen isoflavonoids was more strongly correlated with their transcriptional efficacy through ERα. O-monoglucosides displayed higher area under the dose-response curve (AUC) of AlkP response relative to the AUC of ERα-transcriptional response compared to the respective aglycones. In addition, 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein and 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein displayed estradiol-like efficacy in promoting differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells to osteoblasts, while genistein was not convincingly effective in this respect. Moreover, 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 cells, while 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein was not convincingly effective and genistein was ineffective. However, genistein and its O-glucosides were ineffective in inhibiting differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells to osteoclasts and in protecting glutamate-challenged HT22 hippocampal neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell death. These findings suggest that 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein and 7,4΄-di-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-genistein display higher estrogen-like and/or anti-inflammatory activity compared to the aglycone. The possibility of using preparations rich in O-β-D-glucopyranosides of genistein to substitute for low-dose estrogen in formulations for menopausal symptoms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Fokialakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail: (MNA); (NF)
| | - Xanthippi Alexi
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Nektarios Aligiannis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Boulaka
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki K. Meligova
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - George Lambrinidis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Kalpoutzakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Antigoni Cheilari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra J. Mitsiou
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Mitakou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael N. Alexis
- Molecular Endocrinology Program, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail: (MNA); (NF)
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14
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Luca SV, Macovei I, Bujor A, Miron A, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Aprotosoaie AC, Trifan A. Bioactivity of dietary polyphenols: The role of metabolites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:626-659. [PMID: 30614249 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1546669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A polyphenol-rich diet protects against chronic pathologies by modulating numerous physiological processes, such as cellular redox potential, enzymatic activity, cell proliferation and signaling transduction pathways. However, polyphenols have a low oral bioavailability mainly due to an extensive biotransformation mediated by phase I and phase II reactions in enterocytes and liver but also by gut microbiota. Despite low oral bioavailability, most polyphenols proved significant biological effects which brought into attention the low bioavailability/high bioactivity paradox. In recent years, polyphenol metabolites have attracted great interest as many of them showed similar or higher intrinsic biological effects in comparison to the parent compounds. There is a huge body of literature reporting on the biological functions of polyphenol metabolites generated by phase I and phase II metabolic reactions and gut microbiota-mediated biotransformation. In this respect, the review highlights the pharmacokinetic fate of the major dietary polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, rutin, genistein, daidzein, ellagitannins, proanthocyanidins) in order to further address the efficacy of biometabolites as compared to parent molecules. The present work strongly supports the contribution of metabolites to the health benefits of polyphenols, thus offering a better perspective in understanding the role played by dietary polyphenols in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vlad Luca
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania.,Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Irina Macovei
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Bujor
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ana Clara Aprotosoaie
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Trifan
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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15
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Characterization of a Bacillus sp. isolated from fermented food and its synbiotic effect with barley β-glucan as a biocontrol agent in the aquaculture industry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:1429-1439. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Sri Harsha PSC, Wahab RA, Garcia-Aloy M, Madrid-Gambin F, Estruel-Amades S, Watzl B, Andrés-Lacueva C, Brennan L. Biomarkers of legume intake in human intervention and observational studies: a systematic review. GENES AND NUTRITION 2018; 13:25. [PMID: 30214640 PMCID: PMC6131749 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in assessing dietary intake more accurately across different population groups, and biomarkers have emerged as a complementary tool to replace traditional dietary assessment methods. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature available and evaluate the applicability and validity of biomarkers of legume intake reported across various observational and intervention studies. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge identified 44 studies which met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results from observational studies focused on soy or soy-based foods and demonstrated positive correlations between soy intake and urinary, plasma or serum isoflavonoid levels in different population groups. Similarly, intervention studies demonstrated increased genistein and daidzein levels in urine and plasma following soy intake. Both genistein and daidzein exhibited dose-response relationships. Other isoflavonoid levels such as O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) and equol were also reported to increase following soy consumption. Using a developed scoring system, genistein and daidzein can be considered as promising candidate markers for soy consumption. Furthermore, genistein and daidzein also served as good estimates of soy intake as evidenced from long-term exposure studies marking their status as validated biomarkers. On the contrary, only few studies indicated proposed biomarkers for pulses intake, with pipecolic acid and S-methylcysteine reported as markers reflecting dry bean consumption, unsaturated aliphatic, hydroxyl-dicarboxylic acid related to green beans intake and trigonelline reported as marker of peas consumption. However, data regarding criteria such as specificity, dose-response and time-response relationship, reliability, and feasibility to evaluate the validity of these markers is lacking. In conclusion, despite many studies suggesting proposed biomarkers for soy, there is a lack of information on markers of other different subtypes of legumes. Further discovery and validation studies are needed in order to identify reliable biomarkers of legume intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedapati S C Sri Harsha
- 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Roshaida Abdul Wahab
- 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,3CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Madrid-Gambin
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,3CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sheila Estruel-Amades
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- 4Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,3CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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17
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Effect of soy on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2016; 57:499-511. [PMID: 27757595 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are currently the commonest cause of death worldwide. Different strategies for their primary prevention have been planned, taking into account the main known risk factors, which include an atherogenic lipid profile and visceral fat excess. METHODS The study was designed as a randomized, parallel, single-center study with a nutritional intervention duration of 12 weeks. Whole soy foods corresponding to 30 g/day soy protein were given in substitution of animal foods containing the same protein amount. RESULTS Soy nutritional intervention resulted in a reduction in the number of MetS features in 13/26 subjects. Moreover, in the soy group we observed a significant improvement of median percentage changes for body weight (-1.5 %) and BMI (-1.5 %), as well as for atherogenic lipid markers, namely TC (-4.85 %), LDL-C (-5.25 %), non-HDL-C (-7.14 %) and apoB (-14.8 %). Since the majority of the studied variables were strongly correlated, three factors were identified which explained the majority (52 %) of the total variance in the whole data set. Among them, factor 1, which loaded lipid and adipose variables, explained the 22 % of total variance, showing a statistically significant difference between treatment arms (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of whole soy foods (corresponding to 30 g/day protein) in a lipid-lowering diet significantly improved a relevant set of biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk.
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18
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Landete JM, Arqués J, Medina M, Gaya P, de Las Rivas B, Muñoz R. Bioactivation of Phytoestrogens: Intestinal Bacteria and Health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56:1826-43. [PMID: 25848676 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.789823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are polyphenols similar to human estrogens found in plants or derived from plant precursors. Phytoestrogens are found in high concentration in soya, flaxseed and other seeds, fruits, vegetables, cereals, tea, chocolate, etc. They comprise several classes of chemical compounds (stilbenes, coumestans, isoflavones, ellagitannins, and lignans) which are structurally similar to endogenous estrogens but which can have both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects. Although epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that intake of phytoestrogens in foods may be protective against certain chronic diseases, discrepancies have been observed between in vivo and in vitro experiments. The microbial transformations have not been reported so far in stilbenes and coumestans. However, isoflavones, ellagitanins, and lignans are metabolized by intestinal bacteria to produce equol, urolithins, and enterolignans, respectively. Equol, urolithin, and enterolignans are more bioavailable, and have more estrogenic/antiestrogenic and antioxidant activity than their precursors. Moreover, equol, urolithins and enterolignans have anti-inflammatory effects and induce antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities. The transformation of isoflavones, ellagitanins, and lignans by intestinal microbiota is essential to be protective against certain chronic diseases, as cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and menopausal symptoms. Bioavailability, bioactivity, and health effects of dietary phytoestrogens are strongly determined by the intestinal bacteria of each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Landete
- a Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) . Madrid , Spain
| | - J Arqués
- a Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) . Madrid , Spain
| | - M Medina
- a Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) . Madrid , Spain
| | - P Gaya
- a Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) . Madrid , Spain
| | - B de Las Rivas
- b Departamento de Biotecnología Bacteriana , Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - R Muñoz
- b Departamento de Biotecnología Bacteriana , Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
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19
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Kanai K, Nagata S, Hatta T, Sugiura Y, Sato K, Yamashita Y, Kimura Y, Itoh N. Therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin on endotoxin-induced uveitis in Lewis rats. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1381-4. [PMID: 27170432 PMCID: PMC5053947 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of post-inflammatory
treatment with luteolin on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats. Intraperitoneal
injection of 10 mg/kg luteolin or 1 mg/kg prednisolone (Pred) at 4 hr
post-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection (200 µg) was associated at 24 hr
post-LPS injection with decreased clinical severity scores, number of inflammatory cells,
protein levels and levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitric oxide (NO) and
prostaglandin (PG) E2 in the aqueous humor (AqH) and degrees of histological ocular tissue
injury. The anti-inflammatory potency of luteolin was comparable to that of Pred. Luteolin
exhibited robust efficacy in the treatment of EIU in rats, indicating its potential
clinical utility in treating uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Kanai
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine I, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kitasato, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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20
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Gaya P, Peirotén Á, Medina M, Landete JM. Isoflavone metabolism by a collection of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria with biotechnological interest. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:117-24. [PMID: 26878882 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2016.1144724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Almost all soy isoflavones exist as glycosides, daidzin, genistin, and glycitin. We analyzed the capacity of 92 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria with biotechnological interest to process the glycosylated isoflavones daidzin, genistin, and glycitin in their more bioavailable aglycones and their metabolites as dihydrodaidzein (DHD), O-desmethylangolensin, and equol. Representative strains of the four genera studied Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, and Bifidobacterium were able to produce daidzein, genistein, and glycitein, with the exception of the lactobacilli, which did not produced glycitein in soy extracts. The production of the aglycone isoflavones could be correlated with the β-glucosidase activity of the strains. The isoflavone metabolism is limited to the glycoside hydrolysis in the most of these strains. Moreover, Enterococcus faecalis INIA P333 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus INIA P540 were able to transform daidzein in DHD. LAB and bifidobacteria studied in the present work have a great potential in the metabolism of isoflavones and could be selected for the development of functional fermented soy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Gaya
- a Departamento De Tecnología De Alimentos , Instituto Nacional De Investigación Y Tecnología Agraria Y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ángela Peirotén
- a Departamento De Tecnología De Alimentos , Instituto Nacional De Investigación Y Tecnología Agraria Y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Margarita Medina
- a Departamento De Tecnología De Alimentos , Instituto Nacional De Investigación Y Tecnología Agraria Y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - José Maria Landete
- a Departamento De Tecnología De Alimentos , Instituto Nacional De Investigación Y Tecnología Agraria Y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
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21
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Suh DH, Jung ES, Park HM, Kim SH, Lee S, Jo YH, Lee MK, Jung G, Do SG, Lee CH. Comparison of Metabolites Variation and Antiobesity Effects of Fermented versus Nonfermented Mixtures of Cudrania tricuspidata, Lonicera caerulea, and Soybean According to Fermentation In Vitro and In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149022. [PMID: 26848749 PMCID: PMC4743955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We used ultra-performance-liquid-chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to study the changes in metabolites in the mixture of Cudrania tricuspidata, Lonicera caerulea, and soybean (CLM) during fermentation. Additionally, the antiobesity effects of CLM and fermented-CLM (FCLM) were studied based on the analysis of plasma from high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The levels of cyanidin and the glycosides of luteolin, quercetin, and cyanidin derived from L. caerulea were decreased, whereas the levels of luteolin and quercetin were increased during fermentation. Isoflavone glycosides and soyasaponins originating from the soybean were decreased, whereas their aglycones such as daidzein, glycitein, and genistein were increased. As for prenylated flavonoids from C. tricuspidata, these metabolites were decreased at the early stage of fermentation, and were increased at end of the fermentation. In terms of the functional food product, various metabolites derived from diverse natural products in CLM had complementary effects and demonstrated higher antioxidant and pancreatic lipase inhibition activities after fermentation; these activities were closely related to flavonoid aglycones including genistein, daidzein, glycitein, luteolin, and quercetin. In an in vivo experiment, several clinical parameters affected by HFD were improved by the administration of either CLM or FCLM, but there was a difference in the antiobesity effects. The levels of lysoPCs with C20:4, C16:0, and C22:6 were significantly attenuated by CLM administration, while the attenuated levels of lysoPCs with C20:4 and C18:2 were significantly restored by FCLM administration. These metabolites may explain the above-mentioned differences in antiobesity effects. Although only the changes in plasma lysophospholipids could not fully explain antiobesity effects between non-fermented and fermented plant mixtures from our results, we suggest that metabolomics approach could provide a way to reveal the metabolite alterations in the complex fermentation process and understand the differences or changes in bioactivity according to fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Suh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sung Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Min Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine & Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hee Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayoung Jung
- Wellness R & D Center, Univera, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Gil Do
- Wellness R & D Center, Univera, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Effect of simultaneous consumption of soymilk and coffee on the urinary excretion of isoflavones, chlorogenic acids and metabolites in healthy adults. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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23
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Redruello B, Guadamuro L, Cuesta I, Álvarez-Buylla JR, Mayo B, Delgado S. A novel UHPLC method for the rapid and simultaneous determination of daidzein, genistein and equol in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1005:1-8. [PMID: 26444491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on a novel method involving reverse-phased ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) plus a spectrophotometric photodiode array/fluorescence (FLR) detection system for determining the concentration of equol and major soy isoflavones (daidzein and genistein) in human urine. The proposed method was validated in terms of its linearity, sensitivity, accuracy (recovery) and precision (intra- and inter-day repeatability). The isoflavone profiles of urine samples from a group of menopausal women following oral soy isoflavone supplementation were determined and compared. Screening for equol-producer status was accomplished with high sensitivity (detection limit of the FLR detector 2.93nM). The method involves a short chromatographic run time compared to conventional HPLC methods while allowing for the simultaneous and reliable quantification of daidzein, genistein and equol in human urine. It also allows for the rapid screening of multiple urine samples when testing for equol production status and checking patient adherence to isoflavone treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Redruello
- Servicios Científico-Técnicos Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lucía Guadamuro
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuesta
- Servicios Científico-Técnicos Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jorge R Álvarez-Buylla
- Servicios Científico-Técnicos Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
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Zhang LX, Burdette CQ, Phillips MM, Rimmer CA, Marcus RK. Determination of Isoflavone Content in SRM 3238 Using Liquid Chromatography-Particle Beam/Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J AOAC Int 2015; 98:1483-90. [PMID: 26651559 PMCID: PMC4881864 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.15-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of marker components in botanical materials is a challenging task, and the increased consumption of botanicals and dietary supplements demands a greater understanding of the associated health benefits and risks. In order to successfully acquire and compare clinical results and correlate health trends, accurate, precise, and validated methods of analysis must be developed. Presented here is the development of a quantitative method for the determination of soy isoflavones (daidzin, glycitin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein) using LC-particle beam/electron ionization-MS (LC-PB/EIMS). An internal standard (IS) approach for quantitation with 7-hydroxy-4- chromone as the IS compound was used, with response factors for each individual isoflavone obtained from calibrant solutions. The results from this method were compared with the certified and reference values for National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SRM 3238 Soy-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form to demonstrate that the method was in control. Results obtained using LC-PB/EIMS were consistent with the NIST certified or reference values and their uncertainties for all five isoflavones, demonstrating that the LC-PB/EIMS approach is both accurate and precise when used for the determination of the target isoflavones in soy-containing dietary supplement finished products while simultaneously providing structural information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn X. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson SC 29634
| | - Carolyn Q. Burdette
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson SC 29634
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Gaithersburg MD 20899
| | - Melissa M. Phillips
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Gaithersburg MD 20899
| | - Catherine A. Rimmer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Gaithersburg MD 20899
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Ahn-Jarvis JH, Clinton SK, Grainger EM, Riedl KM, Schwartz SJ, Lee MLT, Cruz-Cano R, Young GS, Lesinski GB, Vodovotz Y. Isoflavone pharmacokinetics and metabolism after consumption of a standardized soy and soy-almond bread in men with asymptomatic prostate cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:1045-54. [PMID: 26276749 PMCID: PMC4633369 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic associations suggest that populations consuming substantial amounts of dietary soy exhibit a lower risk of prostate cancer. A 20-week randomized, phase II, crossover trial was conducted in 32 men with asymptomatic prostate cancer. The crossover involved 8 weeks each of soy bread (SB) and soy-almond bread (SAB). The primary objective was to investigate isoflavone bioavailability and metabolite profile. Secondary objectives include safety, compliance, and assessment of biomarkers linked to prostate carcinogenesis. Two distinct SBs were formulated to deliver approximately 60 mg aglycone equivalents of isoflavones per day. The isoflavones were present as aglycones (∼78% as aglycones) in the SAB whereas in the standard SB predominantly as glucosides (18% total isoflavones as aglycones). Compliance to SB (97% ± 4%) and SAB (92% ± 18%) was excellent; toxicity was rare and limited to grade 1 gastrointestinal complaints. Pharmacokinetic studies between SB and SAB showed modest differences. Peak serum concentration time (Tmax) was significantly faster with SAB meal compared with SB in some isoflavonoids, and AUC0 to 24 h of dihydrodaidzein and O-desmethylangolensin was significantly greater after an SB meal. An exploratory cluster analysis was used to identify four isoflavone-metabolizing phenotypes. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein increased significantly by 41% (P = 0.024) with soy intervention. Findings from this study provide the necessary framework to study isoflavone-metabolizing phenotypes as a strategy for identification of individuals that might benefit or show resistance to cancer preventive strategies using dietary soy. A standardized SB used for future large-scale randomized clinical trials to affect human prostate carcinogenesis is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Ahn-Jarvis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Arthur G. James and Richard Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.
| | | | - Kenneth M Riedl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven J Schwartz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mei-Ling T Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Raul Cruz-Cano
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Gregory S Young
- Center for Biostatistics at The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Arthur G. James and Richard Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yael Vodovotz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
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Chrzanowska AM, Poliwoda A, Wieczorek PP. Surface molecularly imprinted silica for selective solid-phase extraction of biochanin A, daidzein and genistein from urine samples. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1392:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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An exposure:activity profiling method for interpreting high-throughput screening data for estrogenic activity—Proof of concept. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 71:398-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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The role of colonic bacteria in the metabolism of the natural isoflavone daidzin to equol. Metabolites 2015; 5:56-73. [PMID: 25594250 PMCID: PMC4381290 DOI: 10.3390/metabo5010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are found in leguminous plants, especially soybeans. They have a structural similarity to natural estrogens, which enables them to bind to estrogen receptors and elicit biological activities similar to natural estrogens. They have been suggested to be beneficial for the prevention and therapy of hormone-dependent diseases. After soy products are consumed, the bacteria of the intestinal microflora metabolize isoflavones to metabolites with altered absorption, bioavailability, and estrogenic characteristics. Variations in the effect of soy products have been correlated with the isoflavone metabolites found in plasma and urine samples of the individuals consuming soy products. The beneficial effects of the soy isoflavone daidzin, the glycoside of daidzein, have been reported in individuals producing equol, a reduction product of daidzein produced by specific colonic bacteria in individuals called equol producers. These individuals comprise 30% and 60% of populations consuming Western and soy-rich Asian diets, respectively. Since the higher percentage of equol producers in populations consuming soy-rich diets is correlated with a lower incidence of hormone-dependent diseases, considerable efforts have been made to detect the specific colonic bacteria involved in the metabolism of daidzein to the more estrogenic compound, equol, which should facilitate the investigation of the metabolic activities related to this compound.
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Sugiyama Y, Nagata Y, Fukuta F, Takayanagi A, Masumori N, Tsukamoto T, Akasaka H, Ohnishi H, Saito S, Miura T, Moriyama K, Tsuji H, Akaza H, Mori M. Counts of Slackia sp. strain NATTS in intestinal flora are correlated to serum concentrations of equol both in prostate cancer cases and controls in Japanese men. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:2693-7. [PMID: 24761887 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflavones, which are included in soybeans, have been suggested to protect against prostate cancer. Equol, one of isoflavones, is an intestinally derived bacterial metabolite of daidzein. A newly identified equol-producing bacterium, Slackia sp. strain NATTS, with a high equol-producing activity was isolated from human feces in Japanese adults. Counts of Slackia sp. strain NATTS in intestinal flora have not been assessed with regard to prostate cancer risk. In this study, we investigated the association of serum isoflavones and counts of Slackia sp. strain NATTS with prostate cancer risk in a case-control study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Concentrations of isoflavones and counts of Slackia sp. strain NATTS in feces were measured from 44 patients with prostate cancer and 28 hospital controls. The risk of prostate cancer was evaluated in terms of odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by the logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The detection proportions of Slackia sp. strain NATTS in cases and controls were 34.1% and 25.0%, respectively. Counts of Slackia sp. strain NATTS were significantly correlated with serum concentrations of equol both in cases and controls (Spearman correlation coefficients, rs=0.639 and rs=0.572, p<0.01, respectively). Serum concentrations of genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and equol were not significantly associated with risk of prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study found that counts of Slackia sp. strain NATTS correlated with serum concentrations of equol both in prostate cancer cases and controls, but serum isoflavone concentrations were not associated with risk of prostate cancer in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sugiyama
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan E-mail :
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Timan P, Rojanasthien N, Manorot M, Sangdee C, Teekachunhatean S. Effect of synbiotic fermented milk on oral bioavailability of isoflavones in postmenopausal women. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:761-7. [PMID: 24720601 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.908169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of synbiotic fermented milk, containing Lactobacillus paracasei and inulin, on oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of isoflavones in healthy postmenopausal women. The study was a one-group pre-post treatment study. Twelve subjects were assigned to consume a single oral dose of 375 mL of soy beverage. Blood samples were collected immediately before and at various time points until 32 hours after the administration of the soy beverage. After a washout period, subjects were requested to consume 180 mL of synbiotic fermented milk after breakfast and dinner for 14 days, followed by a single oral dose of 375 mL of soy beverage on the next day. Collection of blood samples after the administration of the soy beverage were performed at the same time points as the former phase. Plasma isoflavone concentrations were measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. In conclusion, this study highlighted that continuous consumption of synbiotic fermented milk followed by a single oral administration of soy beverage significantly enhanced oral bioavailability of isoflavones compared with a single oral dose of soy beverage alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porntip Timan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand and
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Smit S, Szymańska E, Kunz I, Gomez Roldan V, van Tilborg MWEM, Weber P, Prudence K, van der Kloet FM, van Duynhoven JPM, Smilde AK, de Vos RCH, Bendik I. Nutrikinetic modeling reveals order of genistein phase II metabolites appearance in human plasma. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2111-21. [PMID: 25045152 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Genistein from foods or supplements is metabolized by the gut microbiota and the human body, thereby releasing many different metabolites into systemic circulation. The order of their appearance in plasma and the possible influence of food format are still unknown. This study compared the nutrikinetic profiles of genistein metabolites. METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomized cross-over trial, 12 healthy young volunteers were administered a single dose of 30 mg genistein provided as a genistein tablet, a genistein tablet in low fat milk, and soy milk containing genistein glycosides. A high mass resolution LC-LTQ-Orbitrap FTMS platform detected and quantified in human plasma: free genistein, seven of its phase-II metabolites and 15 gut-derived metabolites. Interestingly, a novel metabolite, genistein-4'-glucuronide-7-sulfate (G-4'G-7S) was identified. Nutrikinetic analysis using population-based modeling revealed the order of appearance of five genistein phase II metabolites in plasma: (1) genistein-4',7-diglucuronide, (2) genistein-7-sulfate, (3) genistein-4'-sulfate-7-glucuronide, (4) genistein-4'-glucuronide, and (5) genistein-7-glucuronide, independent of the food matrix. CONCLUSION The conjugated genistein metabolites appear in a distinct order in human plasma. The specific early appearance of G-4',7-diG suggests a multistep formation process for the mono and hetero genistein conjugates, involving one or two deglucuronidation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Smit
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, soy foods have been the subject of a vast amount of research, primarily because they are uniquely rich sources of isoflavones. Isoflavones are classified as both phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. The phytoestrogenic effects of isoflavones have led some to view soy foods and isoflavone supplements as alternatives to conventional hormone therapy. However, clinical research shows that isoflavones and estrogen exert differing effects on a variety of health outcomes. Nevertheless, there is substantial evidence that soy foods have the potential to address several conditions and diseases associated with the menopausal transition. For example, data suggest that soy foods can potentially reduce ischemic heart disease through multiple mechanisms. Soy protein directly lowers blood low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations, and the soybean is low in saturated fat and a source of both essential fatty acids, the omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid and the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid. In addition, soflavones improve endothelial function and possibly slow the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis. Isoflavone supplements also consistently alleviate menopausal hot flashes provided they contain sufficient amounts of the predominant soybean isoflavone genistein. In contrast, the evidence that isoflavones reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women is unimpressive. Whether adult soy food intake reduces breast cancer risk is unclear. Considerable evidence suggests that for soy to reduce risk, consumption during childhood and/or adolescence is required. Although concerns have been raised that soy food consumption may be harmful to breast cancer patients, an analysis in 9514 breast cancer survivors who were followed for 7.4 y found that higher postdiagnosis soy intake was associated with a significant 25% reduction in tumor recurrence. In summary, the clinical and epidemiologic data indicate that adding soy foods to the diet can contribute to the health of postmenopausal women.
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Kamo S, Suzuki S, Sato T. Comparison of bioavailability (I) between soyasaponins and soyasapogenols, and (II) between group A and B soyasaponins. Nutrition 2014; 30:596-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yonemoto-Yano H, Maebuchi M, Fukui K, Tsuzaki S, Takamatsu K, Uehara M. Malonyl isoflavone glucosides are chiefly hydrolyzed and absorbed in the colon. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2264-70. [PMID: 24524651 DOI: 10.1021/jf404378r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Malonyl isoflavone glucosides are water-soluble derivatives of soybean hypocotyls. This study compared the hydrolysis and absorption of malonyl isoflavone glucosides and nonmalonyl isoflavone glucosides in rats. Plasma concentrations of isoflavones were measured after oral administration of malonyl isoflavone glucosides or isoflavone glucosides. After fasting, the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon were excised, and homogenates were prepared. The extent of hydrolysis of each glucoside by each intestinal homogenate was measured. Plasma levels of isoflavone aglycones, such as daidzein and glycitein, were higher in rats administered malonyl isoflavone glucosides than in those administered isoflavone glucosides. The area under the curve of daidzein in plasma of rats administered malonyl isoflavone glucosides was also significantly greater than that in those administered isoflavone glucosides. A transport experiment using Caco-2 cells suggested that degradation of malonyl glucosides to aglycones is necessary for intestinal absorption. Malonyl isoflavone glucosides were hydrolyzed only in the colon, whereas hydrolysis of isoflavone glucosides occurred in the jejunum, ileum, and colon. These results indicated more effective absorption of malonyl isoflavone glucosides than of nonmalonyl isoflavone glucosides. Moreover, effective absorption of malonyl isoflavone aglycones in the colon contributed to the significant increase in plasma isoflavone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Yonemoto-Yano
- Functional Materials Development Department, Development Laboratories for Food Materials, R&D, ‡Analytical Center for Food Safety, Quality Assurance Department, and #Food Science Research Institute, Research and Development Division, Fuji Oil Company, Ltd. Osaka 598-8540, Japan
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Song YS, Park CM. Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside strengthen antioxidative potential through the modulation of Nrf2/MAPK mediated HO-1 signaling cascade in RAW 264.7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 65:70-5. [PMID: 24361407 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been understood that glycosidic forms of flavonoids were hydrolyzed by gut bacteria and absorbed as aglycones. However, several reports suggested that glycosides were partly absorbed without hydrolysis and remained biologically active. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidative potential of luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside, glycosidic form of luteolin, against the oxidative damage and compared their antioxidative mechanisms in RAW 264.7 cells. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), one of the phase II enzymes showing an antioxidative activity, was potently induced by luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside treatment, which was in accordance with the translocated nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into nucleus. Moreover, luteolin and the luteolin-7-O-glucoside activated HO-1 expression by p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) regulation. In order to identify the antioxidation potential by HO-1, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage was applied and ameliorated by luteolin and the luteolin-7-O-glucoside treatment in a dose dependent manner, which was confirmed by HO-1 selective inhibitor and inducer, tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) and cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), respectively. Consequently, luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside potently strengthen the HO-1-mediated antioxidative potential through the modulation of the Nrf2/MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Song
- Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Mu Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Park CM, Song YS. Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses through modulation of NF-κB/AP-1/PI3K-Akt signaling cascades in RAW 264.7 cells. Nutr Res Pract 2013; 7:423-9. [PMID: 24353826 PMCID: PMC3865263 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2013.7.6.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin is a flavonoid found in abundance in celery, green pepper, and dandelions. Previous studies have shown that luteolin is an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agent. In this study, the anti-inflammatory capacity of luteolin and one of its glycosidic forms, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, were compared and their molecular mechanisms of action were analyzed. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells, luteolin more potently inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 as well as the expression of their corresponding enzymes (inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) than luteolin-7-O-glucoside. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects were investigated to determine whether the inflammatory response was related to the transcription factors, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1, or their upstream signaling molecules, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Luteolin attenuated the activation of both transcription factors, NF-κB and AP-1, while luteolin-7-O-glucoside only impeded NF-κB activation. However, both flavonoids inhibited Akt phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Consequently, luteolin more potently ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation than luteolin-7-O-glucoside, which might be attributed to the differentially activated NF-κB/AP-1/PI3K-Akt pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Mu Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Song
- Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Inje University, 607 Obang-dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749, Korea
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Duarte S, Arango D, Parihar A, Hamel P, Yasmeen R, Doseff AI. Apigenin protects endothelial cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation by decreasing caspase-3 activation and modulating mitochondrial function. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17664-79. [PMID: 23989609 PMCID: PMC3794747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140917664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic inflammation is characterized by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, dysregulation of mitochondrial metabolism and abnormal immune function contributing to cardiovascular diseases and sepsis. Clinical and epidemiological studies suggest potential beneficial effects of dietary interventions in inflammatory diseases but understanding of how nutrients work remains insufficient. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of apigenin, an anti-inflammatory flavonoid abundantly found in our diet, in endothelial cells during inflammation. Here, we show that apigenin reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis by decreasing ROS production and the activity of caspase-3 in endothelial cells. Apigenin conferred protection against LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and reestablished normal mitochondrial complex I activity, a major site of electron leakage and superoxide production, suggesting its ability to modulate endothelial cell metabolic function during inflammation. Collectively, these findings indicate that the dietary compound apigenin stabilizes mitochondrial function during inflammation preventing endothelial cell damage and thus provide new translational opportunities for the use of dietary components in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Duarte
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; E-Mails: (S.D.); (D.A.); (A.P.); (P.H.); (R.Y.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, the Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Arango
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; E-Mails: (S.D.); (D.A.); (A.P.); (P.H.); (R.Y.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, the Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology Graduate Program, the Ohio State University, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arti Parihar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; E-Mails: (S.D.); (D.A.); (A.P.); (P.H.); (R.Y.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, the Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Government Postgraduate College of Excellence, Vikram University, Dashehra Maidan, Ujjain 456010, MP, India
| | - Patrice Hamel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; E-Mails: (S.D.); (D.A.); (A.P.); (P.H.); (R.Y.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, the Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rumana Yasmeen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; E-Mails: (S.D.); (D.A.); (A.P.); (P.H.); (R.Y.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, the Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrea I. Doseff
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; E-Mails: (S.D.); (D.A.); (A.P.); (P.H.); (R.Y.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, the Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Hsieh CL, Peng CC, Chen KC, Peng RY. Rutin (quercetin rutinoside) induced protein-energy malnutrition in chronic kidney disease, but quercetin acted beneficially. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:7258-7267. [PMID: 23876017 DOI: 10.1021/jf304595p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceutically, much of the literature has indicated that an aglycon and its related glycoside would act similarly. However, controversial reports are accumulating. We hypothesize that rutin (RT) and quercetin (QT) pharmacodynamically could act differently. To confirm this, doxorubicin (DR) (8.5 mg/kg) was used to induce rat chronic kidney disease (CKD) and then treated with QT and RT (each 70 mg/kg body weight per day) for 13 weeks. QT exhibited better body weight gaining effect (420 ± 45) vs RT, 350 ± 57 g/rat (p < 0.001). DR raised the ratio kidney-to-body weight (%) to 0.82 (p < 0.001) vs RT, 0.62 (p < 0.01), and QT, 0.35 (p < 0.01). DR reduced the glomerular filtration rate to 25.2 vs RT, 48 ± 11.3; QT, 124.7 ± 12.8 (p < 0.001) and the control, 191.5 ± 15.7 mL/h (p < 0.001). DRCKD reduced hematocrit to 29 ± 5; RT, to 28 ± 5 (p < 0.05); QT, to 36 ± 6 vs the control 37.5 ± 4%, (p < 0.01). DRCKD reduced the serum albumin (s-Ab) to 2.1 ± 0.2 (p < 0.001); QT, to 2.7 ± 0.2 (p < 0.05) vs the normal 4.3 ± 0.5 g/dL, yet RT was totally ineffective. DRCKD raised serum cholesterol level to 340 ± 30; vs RT, 260 ± 12; QT, 220 ± 25; and the normal value, 70 ± 25 mg/dL. DRCKD increased serum triglyceride to 260 ± 15 (p < 0.001), RT and QT restored it to 170 ± 25 and 200 ± 15 (p < 0.05) vs the normal 26-145 mg/dL. DRCKD elevated blood urea nitrogen to 38 ± 3 vs RT, to 98 ± 6 mg/dL (p < 0.001), implicating "protein-energy malnutrition". RT stimulated serum creatinine (sCr) production to reach 6.0 ± 0.9 mg/dL (p < 0.001). QT did not alter the sCr level. RT but not QT induced uremia and hypercreatininemia. DR significantly downregulated Bcl-2, but highly upregulated Bax, Bad, and cleaved caspase-3, implicating the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. DR damaged DNA, but QT completely rescued such an effect and recovered renal amyloidosis and collagen deposition. Conclusively, RT and QT act differently, and RT is inferior to QT with respect to treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Lan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
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Isoflavones: estrogenic activity, biological effect and bioavailability. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 38:15-25. [PMID: 23161396 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-012-0112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones are phytoestrogens with potent estrogenic activity; genistein, daidzein and glycitein are the most active isoflavones found in soy beans. Phytoestrogens have similarity in structure with the human female hormone 17-β-estradiol, which can bind to both alpha and beta estrogen receptors, and mimic the action of estrogens on target organs, thereby exerting many health benefits when used in some hormone-dependent diseases. Numerous clinical studies claim benefits of genistein and daidzein in chemoprevention of breast and prostate cancer, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis as well as in relieving postmenopausal symptoms. The ability of isoflavones to prevent cancer and other chronic diseases largely depends on pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds, in particular absorption and distribution to the target tissue. The chemical form in which isoflavones occur is important because it influences their bioavailability and, therefore, their biological activity. Glucose-conjugated isoflavones are highly polar, water-soluble compounds. They are hardly absorbed by the intestinal epithelium and have weaker biological activities than the corresponding aglycone. Different microbial families of colon can transform glycosylated isoflavones into aglycones. Clinical studies show important differences between the aglycone and conjugated forms of genistein and daidzein. The evaluation of isoflavone metabolism and bioavailability is crucial to understanding their biological effects. Lipid-based formulations such as drug incorporation into oils, emulsions and self-microemulsifying formulations have been introduced to increase bioavailability. Complexation with cyclodextrin also represent a valid method to improve the physicochemical characteristics of these substances in order to be absorbed and distributed to target tissues. We review and discuss pharmacokinetic issues that critically influence the biological activity of isoflavones.
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Ahn-Jarvis JH, Riedl KM, Schwartz SJ, Vodovotz Y. Design and selection of soy breads used for evaluating isoflavone bioavailability in clinical trials. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3111-20. [PMID: 23451757 PMCID: PMC3804034 DOI: 10.1021/jf304699k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To modulate isoflavone aglycone composition within a soy functional food, soy ingredients were processed and evaluated in a soy bread system intended for clinical trials. A soy flour/soy milk mixture (SM) was boiled, fermented, steamed, or roasted prior to dough preparation. The isoflavone compositions of five processed SM and their corresponding breads combined with and without β-glucosidase-rich almonds were examined using HPLC. Isoflavone malonyl-glucosides (>80%) were converted into acetyl and simple glucoside forms (substrates more favorable for β-glucosidase) in steamed and roasted SM. Their corresponding breads had isoflavones predominately as aglycones (∼75%) with soy-almond bread with steamed SM being more consumer acceptable than roasted. Isoflavone composition in soy bread was stable during frozen storage and toasting. A suitable glycoside-rich soy bread (31.6 ± 2.1 mg aglycone equiv/slice) using unprocessed SM and an aglycone-rich soy-almond bread (31.1 ± 1.9 mg aglycone equiv/slice) using steamed SM were developed to evaluate fundamental questions of isoflavone bioavailability in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Ahn-Jarvis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 110 Parker Building, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kenneth M. Riedl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 110 Parker Building, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Steven J. Schwartz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 110 Parker Building, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yael Vodovotz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 110 Parker Building, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Simmons AL, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Vodovotz Y, Failla ML. Isoflavone retention during processing, bioaccessibility, and transport by Caco-2 cells: effects of source and amount of fat in a soy soft pretzel. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:12196-203. [PMID: 23167916 PMCID: PMC4214257 DOI: 10.1021/jf3037209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The impact of source and amount of lipid used to prepare a soy soft pretzel on the bioaccessibility and transport of isoflavones was investigated using the coupled in vitro digestion/Caco-2 human cell model. Pretzels were prepared without or with 2.9 or 6.0% exogenous lipid from either shortening, canola oil, ground almond, or ground hazelnut. The isoflavone backbone structure was stable during pretzel production, although there was partial conversion from malonyl and acetyl glucosides to simple glucosides and aglycones. Endogenous β-glucosidase activity in ground almond facilitated partial conversion of simple glucosides to aglycones during proofing, resulting in a slight decrease in bioaccessibility of isoflavones as compared with other sources of lipid. Amount and source of lipid did not affect bioaccessibility or uptake and metabolism of isoflavones by Caco-2 cells, although transport across the monolayer was greater with the lesser amount of shortening. These results suggest that the isoflavone structure, but not source or amount of lipid in a soy pretzel, may affect bioavailability of isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L. Simmons
- Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | | | - Yael Vodovotz
- Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mark L. Failla
- Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Corresponding Author: Phone: 1 (614) 247-2412. Fax: 1 (614) 247-5048.
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Shinkaruk S, Durand M, Lamothe V, Carpaye A, Martinet A, Chantre P, Vergne S, Nogues X, Moore N, Bennetau-Pelissero C. Bioavailability of glycitein relatively to other soy isoflavones in healthy young Caucasian men. Food Chem 2012; 135:1104-11. [PMID: 22953831 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycitein is a Selective Estradiol Receptor Modulator (SERM) from soy. The study reports plasma bioavailability and urine excretion of glycitein compared to other soy isoflavones after a unique intake of food supplement based on soy germ containing 55.24mg isoflavones. Eighteen plasma and urinary sampling profiles collected over 48h from healthy young Caucasian men were analysed using specific ELISAs. Eight profiles contained equol. Glycitein T(max), C(max), AUC(0→24h) and T(½) in plasma were calculated. Urine T(max), % of excretion at 24h and clearance were assessed. Glycitein is one of the best absorbed flavonoids. Plasma steady-state level can be achieved by several intakes a day. Glycitein bioavailability is similar to that of daidzein and its urinary excretion is significantly higher than that of genistein. Equol does not affect glycitein bioavailability. Knowing glycitein bioavailability in man is essential for the development of soy-germ-based food supplements for health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Shinkaruk
- Univ. Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la plasticité neuronale, U862, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Influence of fructooligosaccharide on pharmacokinetics of isoflavones in postmenopausal women. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:783802. [PMID: 22611432 PMCID: PMC3350959 DOI: 10.1155/2012/783802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present paper was to determine the influence of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on the pharmacokinetics of isoflavones in healthy postmenopausal women. The study was a fixed-sequence, two-phase, crossover study. Twelve subjects received a single oral dose of 300 mL of a soy beverage. Blood samples were collected before the dose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 32 h after the administration of the soy beverage. After a washout period of at least 1 week, subjects were assigned to receive oral doses of FOS, 5 g each time, twice a day (after breakfast and dinner) for 14 days, followed by a single oral dose of the same soy beverage on the next day. Blood samples were then collected at the same time points mentioned previously. Plasma isoflavone concentrations were determined by HPLC. Continuous oral administrations of FOS followed by a single oral administration of soy beverage caused significant increases in Cmax, AUC0–32, and AUC0–∞ of genistein and AUC0–32 of daidzein, comparing to those obtained following a single oral dose of soy beverage alone. Other pharmacokinetic parameters (Tmax and t1/2 of both aglycones and AUC0–∞ of daidzein) between both regimens were not significantly different.
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Yuan B, Wang L, Jin Y, Zhen H, Xu P, Xu Y, Li C, Xu H. Role of metabolism in the effects of genistein and its phase II conjugates on the growth of human breast cell lines. AAPS JOURNAL 2012; 14:329-44. [PMID: 22415614 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-012-9338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genistein has been investigated for several decades for its potential role in breast cancer prevention. Previous researches have shown that glucuronide and sulfate conjugates are the major species circulating in the blood after genistein ingestion. It was hypothesized that enzymes (UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, sulphotransferases, β-glucuronidases, and sulphatases) present in breast tissues would catalyze the inter-conversion between the aglycone and the conjugates in situ. Therefore, our aim was to investigate how genistein, genistein-7-glucuronide (G-7-G), genistein-7-sulfate (G-7-S), and 4'-sulfate (G-4'-S) were metabolized in mammary cells and to determine the effects of metabolism on their proliferative actions using cultured breast cell lines. As expected, genistein stimulated the cell growth of breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and T47D) concentration-dependently at lower concentrations but inhibited their growth at higher concentration. It showed low activities in a non-tumorigenic cell line (MCF-10A) due to the absence of ERα. Genistein was extensively metabolized to glucuronides by MCF-7 and to sulfates by T47D, while it was poorly metabolized by MCF-10A. G-7-G displayed weak stimulation activity in breast cancer cells. G-7-G underwent extensive metabolism in T47D and MCF-10A but not in MCF-7. The proliferative effects of G-7-G on MCF-7 and T47D were associated with its hydrolysis to genistein in these cells. In contrast, G-7-S and G-4'-S were not metabolized by these three cells and had no effects on their growth. In conclusion, production of phase II metabolites did not affect the proliferation effect of genistein on MCF-7 and T47D. Deconjugation was correlated to the apparent proliferative effects of G-7-G in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Hostetler G, Riedl K, Cardenas H, Diosa-Toro M, Arango D, Schwartz S, Doseff AI. Flavone deglycosylation increases their anti-inflammatory activity and absorption. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:558-69. [PMID: 22351119 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Flavones have reported anti-inflammatory activities, but the ability of flavone-rich foods to reduce inflammation is unclear. Here, we report the effect of flavone glycosylation in the regulation of inflammatory mediators in vitro and the absorption of dietary flavones in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS The anti-inflammatory activities of celery extracts, some rich in flavone aglycones and others rich in flavone glycosides, were tested on the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Pure flavone aglycones and aglycone-rich extracts effectively reduced TNF-α production and inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, while glycoside-rich extracts showed no significant effects. Deglycosylation of flavones increased cellular uptake and cytoplasmic localization as shown by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microscopy using the flavonoid fluorescent dye diphenylboric acid 2-aminoethyl ester (DPBA). Celery diets with different glycoside or aglycone contents were formulated and absorption was evaluated in mice fed with 5 or 10% celery diets. Relative absorption in vivo was significantly higher in mice fed with aglycone-rich diets as determined by HPLC-MS/MS (where MS/MS is tandem mass spectrometry). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that deglycosylation increases absorption of dietary flavones in vivo and modulates inflammation by reducing TNF-α and NF-κB, suggesting the potential use of functional foods rich in flavones for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Hostetler
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Yuan B, Zhen H, Jin Y, Xu L, Jiang X, Sun S, Li C, Xu H. Absorption and plasma disposition of genistin differ from those of genistein in healthy women. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1428-36. [PMID: 22256777 DOI: 10.1021/jf204421c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The chemical forms in which isoflavones appear in food or supplements seem to play an important role in their absorption efficiency. However, the influence of the chemical form of isoflavones on their plasma disposition has never been reported, although the metabolites of isoflavones circulating in the blood may have biological activity themselves. The purpose of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of genistein (GEN) and its phase II metabolites in the plasma and urine of healthy young women after multiple doses of pure aglycone and glucoside forms of GEN. Genistein-7-glucuronide (G-7-G), 4'-glucuronide (G-4'-G), 7-sulfate (G-7-S), 4'-sulfate (G-4'-S), 4',7-diglucuronide (G-4',7-diG), and 7-glucuronide-4'-sulfate (G-7-G-4'-S) besides unconjugated GEN were observed in human plasma after ingestion of GEN and its glucoside. Among these metabolites, G-4',7-diG and G-7-G-4'-S were the major ones, comprising both about 30% of the total amount of GEN in plasma. Compared with the aglycone, the amount of total GEN in vivo and those of G-4',7-diG and G-7-G-4'-S were increased after the glucoside intake. No difference was observed in urinary excretion between the aglycone and the glucoside. Overall, the absorption and plasma disposition of GEN were affected by the glucoside form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Zhang L, Pan Siu AK, Lin G, Zuo Z. Intestinal absorbability of three Radix Puerariae isoflavones including daidzein, daidzin and puerarin. Chin Med 2011; 6:41. [PMID: 22108408 PMCID: PMC3253046 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-6-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radix Puerariae (Gegen) contains abundant isoflavones in the forms of glycosides and aglycones, such as daidzein, daidzin and puerarin. This study aims to investigate the intestinal absorbability and mechanism of these three structurally related isoflavones. METHODS The bi-directional transport of these three isoflavones in Caco-2 monolayer model was performed to evaluate their absorbability and involvement of transporters in Transwell. In vitro incubation of daidzin and puerarin with rat intestinal microvilli preparation was conducted to estimate their potential form of absorption in vivo. RESULTS Daidzein demonstrated passive diffusion transport while puerarin did not. Daidzin showed basolateral-to-apical transport and the absorption extent could be reduced by 50% in the presence of MK571, a multidrug resistance-associated protein inhibitor (MRP). The in vitro incubation study of daidzin and puerarin indicated that daidzin was hydrolyzed to daidzein whereas puerarin remained unchanged. CONCLUSION While daidzein was transported more efficiently, puerarin was resistant to intestinal hydrolysis and inefficiently transported across intestinal epithelium. Daidzin demonstrated a low intestinal absorbability due to a significant efflux transport mediated by MRPs. Daidzin was likely to be hydrolyzed by intestinal microvilli and subsequently released daidzein for intestinal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Bohn T, Blackwood M, Francis D, Tian Q, Schwartz SJ, Clinton SK. Bioavailability of phytochemical constituents from a novel soy fortified lycopene rich tomato juice developed for targeted cancer prevention trials. Nutr Cancer 2011; 65:919-29. [PMID: 22098224 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.630156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that tomato and soy foods may contribute to a lower risk of certain cancers. We developed a novel soy germ tomato juice to be used in controlled cancer prevention trials. This study describes an initial test of compliance, phytochemical bioavailability, and effects on biomarkers of blood lipids. Healthy men and women (n = 18) consumed a soy germ-fortified juice daily (300 mL supplying 66 mg isoflavones and 22 mg lycopene) for 8 wk. A single-dose bioavailability study was completed on day 1 and isoflavones in plasma and urine, and lycopene in the plasma, were measured. All subjects completed the trial, with 97.7% ± 3.5% (mean ± SD) of the scheduled juice consumed. No adverse effects were documented. The postprandial study indicated that 3.1% ± 2.3% of lycopene was absorbed and that 49.3% ± 12.1% isoflavones ingested were recovered in 24-h urines. Lycopene plasma concentration changed from 0.60 ± 0.22 to 1.24 ± 0.30 μmol/L during 8 wk of consumption. Juice consumption significantly improved resistance of LDL+VLDL-C to Cu(2+)-mediated oxidation (P = 0.039), HDL-C (47.3 ± 15.8 to 51.7 ± 14.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001), and the ratio of total-C/HDL-C (4.25 ± 1.59 to 3.63 ± 1.16, P < 0.001) at 8 wk. A well-characterized soy-fortified tomato juice can be produced in large scale for multiinstitutional long-term cancer prevention trials and showed excellent compliance with no toxicity, while demonstrating absorption of biologically active phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Hirayama K, Matsuzuka Y, Kamiya T, Ikeguchi M, Takagaki K, Itoh K. Metabolism of Isoflavones Found in the Pueraria thomsonii Flower by Human Intestinal Microbiota. Biosci Microflora 2011; 30:135-40. [PMID: 25045319 PMCID: PMC4103641 DOI: 10.12938/bifidus.30.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones contained in the root and flower of Kudzu (Pueraria lobata and related species) are suggested to be the critical component for its effects. Although metabolism of soy isoflavones has been well studied, the composition of isoflavones found in Kudzu is completely different from that of soy isoflavones. In the present study, we investigated whether isoflavones found in the flower of Pueraria thomsonii, a species of Kudzu, were metabolized by human fecal microbiota and murine small intestinal enzymes. Among 5 glycosidic isoflavones of the Pueraria thomsonii flower, tectorigenin 7-O-xylosylglucoside, tectoridin, genistin and glycitin were completely hydrolyzed by a homogenate of germfree mouse small intestine without contribution of bacteria. Released aglycones were not further metabolized, except that up to half of glycitein disappeared. Mouse small intestinal enzymes did not metabolize 6-hydroxygenistein 6,7-di-O-glucoside. Isoflavone aglycones as well as 6-hydroxygenistein 6,7-di-O-glucoside were highly metabolized by most of the human fecal suspensions. Metabolites were not detected with the present analytical methods in most cases. Although further investigations of the pharmacokinetics of Pueraria thomsonii flower isoflavones are needed, the results of the present study indicate active metabolism of Pueraria thomsonii flower isoflavones in the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hirayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuzuka
- Research and Development Division, Toyo Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 7-28 Yayoigaoka, Tosu-shi, Saga 841-0005, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kamiya
- Research and Development Division, Toyo Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 7-28 Yayoigaoka, Tosu-shi, Saga 841-0005, Japan
| | - Motoya Ikeguchi
- Research and Development Division, Toyo Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 7-28 Yayoigaoka, Tosu-shi, Saga 841-0005, Japan
| | - Kinya Takagaki
- Research and Development Division, Toyo Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 7-28 Yayoigaoka, Tosu-shi, Saga 841-0005, Japan
| | - Kikuji Itoh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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