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Zhao Q, Paschali M, Dehoney J, Baker FC, de Zambotti M, De Bellis MD, Goldston DB, Nooner KB, Clark DB, Luna B, Nagel BJ, Brown SA, Tapert SF, Eberson S, Thompson WK, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM. Identifying high school risk factors that forecast heavy drinking onset in understudied young adults. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 68:101413. [PMID: 38943839 PMCID: PMC11261404 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy alcohol drinking is a major, preventable problem that adversely impacts the physical and mental health of US young adults. Studies seeking drinking risk factors typically focus on young adults who enrolled in 4-year residential college programs (4YCP) even though most high school graduates join the workforce, military, or community colleges. We examined 106 of these understudied young adults (USYA) and 453 4YCPs from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) by longitudinally following their drinking patterns for 8 years from adolescence to young adulthood. All participants were no-to-low drinkers during high school. Whereas 4YCP individuals were more likely to initiate heavy drinking during college years, USYA participants did so later. Using mental health metrics recorded during high school, machine learning forecasted individual-level risk for initiating heavy drinking after leaving high school. The risk factors differed between demographically matched USYA and 4YCP individuals and between sexes. Predictors for USYA drinkers were sexual abuse, physical abuse for girls, and extraversion for boys, whereas 4YCP drinkers were predicted by the ability to recognize facial emotion and, for boys, greater openness. Thus, alcohol prevention programs need to give special consideration to those joining the workforce, military, or community colleges, who make up the majority of this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Joseph Dehoney
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael D De Bellis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David B Goldston
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kate B Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sonja Eberson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Crum KI, Aloi J, Blair KS, Bashford-Largo J, Bajaj S, Zhang R, Hwang S, Schwartz A, Elowsky J, Filbey FM, Dobbertin M, Blair RJ. Latent profiles of substance use, early life stress, and attention/externalizing problems and their association with neural correlates of reinforcement learning in adolescents. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7358-7367. [PMID: 37144406 PMCID: PMC10625649 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent substance use, externalizing and attention problems, and early life stress (ELS) commonly co-occur. These psychopathologies show overlapping neural dysfunction in the form of reduced recruitment of reward processing neuro-circuitries. However, it is unclear to what extent these psychopathologies show common v. different neural dysfunctions as a function of symptom profiles, as no studies have directly compared neural dysfunctions associated with each of these psychopathologies to each other. METHODS In study 1, a latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted in a sample of 266 adolescents (aged 13-18, 41.7% female, 58.3% male) from a residential youth care facility and the surrounding community to investigate substance use, externalizing and attention problems, and ELS psychopathologies and their co-presentation. In study 2, we examined a subsample of 174 participants who completed the Passive Avoidance learning task during functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine differential and/or common reward processing neuro-circuitry dysfunctions associated with symptom profiles based on these co-presentations. RESULTS In study 1, LPA identified profiles of substance use plus rule-breaking behaviors, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and ELS. In study 2, the substance use/rule-breaking profile was associated with reduced recruitment of reward processing and attentional neuro-circuitries during the Passive Avoidance task (p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that there is reduced responsivity of striato-cortical regions when receiving outcomes on an instrumental learning task within a profile of adolescents with substance use and rule-breaking behaviors. Mitigating reward processing dysfunction specifically may represent a potential intervention target for substance-use psychopathologies accompanied by rule-breaking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen I Crum
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Neuroimaging, Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Joseph Aloi
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Karina S Blair
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Johannah Bashford-Largo
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Sahil Bajaj
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Ru Zhang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Soonjo Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amanda Schwartz
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Jaimie Elowsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Francesca M Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Dobbertin
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - R James Blair
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
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Karakaş M, Çingöl N. The relationship of childhood trauma experiences with cognitive distortions and sense of coherence in nursing students. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:1546-1553. [PMID: 34634143 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the relationship of childhood trauma experiences with cognitive distortions and sense of coherence in nursing students. DESIGN AND METHODS This descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study was conducted with 359 nursing students. Data were collected using the Sociodemographic Information Form, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS), and Sense of Coherence (SOC). FINDINGS A positive correlation between CTQ and CDS and a negative correlation between CTQ and SOC were determined (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the CTQ sexual abuse variable had a significant (p = 0.008) effect on the SOC meaningfulness subscale. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It is thought that it is essential to strengthen nursing students in terms of childhood traumatic experiences, and the sense of coherence will contribute positively to this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karakaş
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Çingöl
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Higgen S, Mueller JT, Mösko M. Review: Universal mental health interventions for young students in adverse environments - a systematic review of evaluated interventions. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 27:281-293. [PMID: 34327812 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Universal classroom-based interventions are a useful method to increase the mental health and resilience in children. Resilience describes the process that leads to a positive development despite adversities. It comprises the seven resources access to material resources, relationships, identity, power and control, cultural adherence, social justice and cohesion. Yet there is a paucity of studies evaluating interventions that enhance resilience in children exposed to adverse childhood experiences. METHOD This systematic review investigates whether universal classroom-based interventions can increase the seven resilience-related resources in children that live in adverse environments. Search strings were formulated based on an adapted version of the PICO criteria. The risk of bias of the individual studies was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included in the review, of which 15 found an increase in resilience. The resource power and control was targeted in every intervention. Not one intervention included all seven resources. Intervention outcomes related mostly to just two of the resources (power and control and identity) and were rarely linked to what was being trained in the intervention. CONCLUSION The results of this review show that classroom-based interventions are suitable for promoting resilience in children living in adverse environments. Yet more high-quality studies are needed that evaluate the effectiveness of universal interventions on children living in adverse environments and specifically the effectiveness of training each of the seven resources. Future developments of school-based interventions should be careful to target and assess all resilience-related resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Higgen
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica T Mueller
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Head-Neck-Tumor Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mike Mösko
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Applied Human Sciences, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Stendal, Germany
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Gaietto K, Celedón JC. Child maltreatment and asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:1973-1981. [PMID: 35583017 PMCID: PMC9398985 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests a potential link between child maltreatment and asthma. Determining whether and how child maltreatment causes or worsens asthma would have major implications for disease prevention and treatment, as well as public health policy. In this article, we examine epidemiologic studies of child maltreatment and asthma and asthma-related outcomes, review the evidence for potential mechanisms underlying the child maltreatment-asthma association, and discuss future directions. To date, a child maltreatment-asthma link has been reported in most studies of children and adults, though the type of maltreatment associated with asthma has differed across studies. Such discrepant findings are likely explained by differences in study design and quality. All studies have been limited by potential under-reporting of child maltreatment and selection bias, and nonthorough assessment of asthma. Despite these limitations, the aggregate evidence from epidemiologic studies suggests a possible causal link between child maltreatment and asthma, though the relative contributions of various types of maltreatment (physical, sexual, emotional, or neglect) are unclear. To date, there is insufficient evidence of an association between child maltreatment and lung function in children or adults. Limited evidence further suggests that child maltreatment could influence the development or severity of asthma through direct effects on stress responses and anxiety- or depressive-related disorders, immunity, and airway inflammation, as well as indirect effects such as increased obesity risk. Future prospective studies should aim to adequately characterize both child maltreatment and asthma, while also assessing relevant covariates and biomarkers of stress, immune, and therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Gaietto
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Marques ES, Hasselmann MH, de Barros Vianna GV, de Paula Mendonça E, Azeredo CM. Association Between Interpersonal Violence With Inadequate Nutritional Status Among Brazilian Adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP12066-NP12085. [PMID: 33666109 DOI: 10.1177/0886260521997446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research focusing on the relationship between interpersonal violence and nutritional status in adolescence is scarce and has distinct results. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of family physical and sexual violence with inadequate nutritional status in Brazilian adolescents. We used data from the 2015 Brazilian National Survey of School Health. This study includes 11.850 students, older than 13 years, attending from sixth to ninth grade of elementary school and from the 1st to the 3rd year of high school. The exposures were family physical violence and rape. The outcome was nutritional status, assessed through body mass index. The association between exposures and outcome were investigated using a multinomial logistic regression model. These analyses were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and family variables. The prevalence of family physical violence victimization was approximately 14% among adolescents for both sexes. The prevalence of rape was 4.6% and 5.7% among male and female adolescents, respectively. Family physical violence was not associated with being underweight, overweight, or obese, in either crude or adjusted models for both sexes. Sexual violence was inversely associated with being underweight only for male adolescents (OR: 0.21, CI 95%: 0.06-0.75). In female adolescents, sexual violence was associated with overweight/obesity (OR: 1.64, CI 95%:1.15-2.33). In this study, rape, but not family physical violence victimization, was associated with nutritional status in adolescents of both sexes. Nonetheless, this association was different between boys and girls. Rape was inversely associated with being underweight in male adolescents, whereas, in female adolescents, it was associated with excess body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Souza Marques
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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Frequency of malnutrition in children and adolescents with child maltreatment. NUTR HOSP 2021; 39:282-289. [PMID: 34886674 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION child maltreatment (CM) can have a negative impact on physical and mental health in childhood and throughout life. OBJECTIVE to determine the frequency of malnutrition in cases of CM from the Clínica de Atención Integral al Niño Maltratado (CAINM) of the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS this was a cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study of children with CM. Height/age, weight/height, and body mass index/age were used to determine malnutrition status (undernutrition and overweight or obesity). The frequency of malnutrition by age group and sex were compared using X2 tests. The prevalence of malnutrition at CAINM was compared to that expected in Mexico (ENSANUT-2012), serving as a reference for children without CM, using one-sample Poisson tests. RESULTS of the 117 cases, 41 % presented wasting or overweight/obesity, and 25 % were growth-stunted. Neither wasting nor stunting displayed any difference between age groups (p > 0.05). Overweight/obesity was observed more frequently in adolescents than in schoolchildren (p < 0.05). Being overweight or obese was most frequently associated with sexual abuse, and wasting and stunting were most often associated with neglect. Compared to the population without CM, the group under 5 years of age had a higher prevalence of wasting (p < 0.01), and those aged 5 to 11 years had a higher prevalence of both wasting and stunting (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CM cases were characterized by acute undernutrition and stunting as well as by adolescents who were overweight or obese. Malnutrition in the pediatric population should be analyzed from a wider perspective, including possible CM.
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The Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility in the Relationship between Traumatic Experiences in the Childhood Period and Substance Abuse Proclivity. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-020-00385-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Schroeder K, Schuler BR, Kobulsky JM, Sarwer DB. The association between adverse childhood experiences and childhood obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13204. [PMID: 33506595 PMCID: PMC8192341 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with numerous physical and mental health issues in children and adults. The effect of ACEs on development of childhood obesity is less understood. This systematic review was undertaken to synthesize the quantitative research examining the relationship between ACEs and childhood obesity. PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science were searched in July 2020; Rayyan was used to screen studies, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias. The search resulted in 6,966 studies screened at title/abstract and 168 at full-text level. Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria. Study quality was moderate, with greatest risk of bias due to method of assessment of ACEs or sample attrition. Findings suggest ACEs are associated with childhood obesity. Girls may be more sensitive to obesity-related effects of ACEs than boys, sexual abuse appears to have a greater effect on childhood obesity than other ACEs, and co-occurrence of multiple ACEs may be associated with greater childhood obesity risk. Further, the effect of ACEs on development of childhood obesity may take 2-5 years to manifest. Considered collectively, findings suggest a need for greater attention to ACEs in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brittany R. Schuler
- Temple University College of Public Health
- Temple University School of Social Work
| | - Julia M. Kobulsky
- Temple University College of Public Health
- Temple University School of Social Work
| | - David B. Sarwer
- Temple University College of Public Health
- Temple University Center for Obesity Research and Education
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VanMeter F, Nivison MD, Englund MM, Carlson EA, Roisman GI. Childhood abuse and neglect and self-reported symptoms of psychopathology through midlife. Dev Psychol 2021; 57:824-836. [PMID: 34166025 PMCID: PMC8284929 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although abuse and neglect in the early years of life have been reliably linked to poor mental health outcomes in childhood, only a few studies have examined whether the predictive significance of childhood abuse and neglect endures for symptoms of psychopathology into adulthood. Here we examined to what extent prospectively assessed child abuse and neglect is associated with self-reported symptoms of psychopathology measured from ages 23 through 39 years, controlling for early demographic covariates and self-reported symptoms of psychopathology measured at age 16 years. The sample included 140 participants from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation. Participants were 49% female and 69% White/non-Hispanic. At the time of their child's birth, 48% of the mothers were teenagers (M = 20.5 years, SD = 3.74), 65% were single, and 42% had completed less than a high school education. Results indicated that childhood abuse and neglect was robustly associated with symptoms of psychopathology in adulthood. Exploratory analyses focusing on specific parametrizations of abuse/neglect suggested that abuse perpetrated by maternal figures (rather than paternal or nonparental figures) was uniquely associated with high levels of self-reported symptoms of psychopathology in adulthood. We found no evidence that any subtype of abuse and/or neglect or abuse/neglect during any particular phase of development uniquely predicted symptoms of psychopathology after controlling for relevant covariates. These results highlight the long-lasting significance of childhood abuse and neglect for reports of mental health in adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Kaplow JB, Wamser‐Nanney R, Layne CM, Burnside A, King C, Liang L, Steinberg A, Briggs E, Suarez L, Pynoos R. Identifying Bereavement‐Related Markers of Mental and Behavioral Health Problems Among Clinic‐Referred Adolescents. PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2020; 3:88-96. [PMID: 36101665 PMCID: PMC9175856 DOI: 10.1176/appi.prcp.20190021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined bereavement‐related risk markers (number of deaths, cause of death, and relationship to deceased) of mental and behavioral health problems (suicidal thoughts or behaviors, self‐injury, depression, posttraumatic stress, and substance use) in a national sample of clinic‐referred bereaved adolescents. Method Participants included 1281 bereaved youth aged 12–21 years (M=15, SD=1.8; 62.1% female), from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Core Data Set. Results Generalized linear mixed‐effects regression models controlling for demographics and other traumas revealed that youth bereaved by multiple deaths had higher posttraumatic stress scores than youth bereaved by a single death (Estimated difference ±SE=3.36 ± 1.11, p=0.003). Youth bereaved by suicide were more likely to report experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors (AOR=1.68, p=0.049) and alcohol use (AOR=2.33, p<0.001) than youth bereaved by natural causes. Youth bereaved by homicide were at greater risk for substance use than youth bereaved by natural death (AOR=1.76, p=0.02). Compared to parentally bereaved youth, youth who lost a peer were more likely to use alcohol (AOR=2.32, p=0.02) or other substances (AOR=2.41, p=0.01); in contrast, parentally bereaved youth were more likely to experience depression compared to those who experienced the death of an adult relative or unrelated adult (range of AOR: 0.40 to 0.64, p‐values<0.05). Conclusion These bereavement‐related contextual factors can serve as early markers of mental and behavioral health problems among bereaved youth. Few studies have examined bereavement‐related risk markers of mental and behavioral health problems among treatment‐seeking adolescents. Number of prior traumas, number of prior losses, experiencing a death due to suicide or homicide, and experiencing the death of a parent (as opposed to another relative or friend) were each associated with higher levels of mental and behavioral health problems among bereaved adolescents. Findings have implications for early identification of bereaved youth who may be in need of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie B. Kaplow
- The Trauma and Grief Center at the Hackett Center for Mental Health Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute Houston TX
| | | | - Christopher M. Layne
- UCLA/Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress University of California Los Angeles
| | - Amanda Burnside
- Department of Psychology Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL
| | - Cheryl King
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor
| | - Li‐Jung Liang
- David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles
| | - Alan Steinberg
- UCLA/Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress University of California Los Angeles
| | - Ernestine Briggs
- UCLA/Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC
| | - Liza Suarez
- Department of Psychiatry Institute for Juvenile Research University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago
| | - Robert Pynoos
- UCLA/Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress University of California Los Angeles
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Zhu Y, Xiao C, Chen Q, Wu Q, Zhu B. Health effects of repeated victimization among school-aged adolescents in six major cities in China. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 108:104654. [PMID: 32822961 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child victimization is a public health concern in China. Existing studies documented associations between victimization and negative health effects, while cumulative health effects of repeated victimization have attracted relatively little attention from scholars. OBJECTIVE To examine the health effects of various types of repeated victimization by using a large representative sample of school children in six major cities in China. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This study used data from a large representative sample of 18,452 Chinese adolescents aged 15-17 from six cities, Tianjin, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Xi'an, Wuhan, and Hong Kong. METHODS We carried out a two-stage data analysis in this study, including descriptive statistics to describe the prevalence of repeated victimization, and multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) to examine the health consequences of repeated victimization. RESULTS 27.54% of respondents experienced one-time victimization, and 44.26% suffered repeated victimizations, and those adolescents with repeated victimization reported significantly higher levels of depression and lower levels of self-esteem and overall health when compared to those with one-time victimization and those without victimization experience. CONCLUSIONS Experiences of repeated victimization can have much stronger associations with negative health outcomes when compared to experiences of one-time victimization. Promoting awareness of both the severity and repetition of victimization and designing integrative screening tool could be meaningful strategies to address the issue of child victimization in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhu
- School of Sociology & Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Room 602, West Chongde Building, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Chenyang Xiao
- School of Sociology & Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Room 602, West Chongde Building, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, China; Department of Sociology, American University, Washington, DC, 20016, USA.
| | - Qiqi Chen
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Qi Wu
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University. 411 N. Central Avenue, Suite 800, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-0689, USA.
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Sociology & Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Room 602, West Chongde Building, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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Creswell KG, Chung T, Skrzynski CJ, Bachrach RL, Jackson KM, Clark DB, Martin CS. Drinking beyond the binge threshold in a clinical sample of adolescents. Addiction 2020; 115:1472-1481. [PMID: 31984600 PMCID: PMC8071609 DOI: 10.1111/add.14979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nearly all the research conducted on high-intensity drinking has focused on college and school-based samples, with recent calls for research to understand this risky drinking pattern in non-school-based samples and across time. This study aimed to characterize predictors and consequences of non-binge drinking, age- and gender-adjusted binge drinking (level I) and drinking at levels representing two or more times (level II) and three or more times the level I binge threshold (level III) in a clinical sample of adolescents followed into young adulthood. DESIGN Cross-sectional associations between non-binge drinking, binge levels, and negative alcohol-related consequences were examined during adolescence; prospective analyses tested whether adolescent non-binge drinking and binge levels predicted alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms in young adulthood and whether changes in drinking motives over time were associated with binge levels in young adulthood. SETTING US clinical settings. PARTICIPANTS A total of 432 adolescents (aged 12-18 years) with alcohol-related problems followed into young adulthood (aged 19-25 years). MEASUREMENTS Life-time drinking history, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM AUDs, and Inventory of Drinking Situations. FINDINGS Results were generally consistent with a distinction between binge level I versus levels II-III on various negative alcohol-related consequences in adolescence (Ps < 0.05) that were maintained in young adulthood (Ps < 0.01). The maintenance of relatively high endorsement of enhancement and social motives over time was associated with binge levels II-III in young adulthood (Ps < 0.001); decreases in coping motives were associated with less risky drinking in adulthood (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Among US adolescents with alcohol-related problems who were followed-up in young adulthood (aged 19-25 years), standard threshold binge drinking (five or more drinks per occasion; level I) was generally associated with fewer alcohol-related consequences and problem behaviors than binge drinking at two or more times (level II) or three or more times (level III) the standard binge threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey G. Creswell
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Rachel L. Bachrach
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristina M. Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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14
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Shin SH, Ksinan Jiskrova G, Yoon SH, Kobulsky JM. Childhood maltreatment and problematic alcohol use in young adulthood: the roles of cognitive vulnerability to depression and depressive symptoms. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2020; 46:438-446. [PMID: 32101477 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2020.1722684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been repeatedly linked to future problem drinking. Depression has been identified as a potential factor contributing to problematic alcohol use in maltreated individuals. However, depression has been operationalized as the presence or number of depression symptoms in the majority of previous studies. The role of other relevant measures of depression, such as depressive implicit associations, is not well understood. OBJECTIVES The present study addresses this gap in the literature by examining the mediating role of both depression symptoms and depressive implicit associations. METHODS A community sample of young adults (N = 208, mean age = 19.7, 78.4% females) completed self-report measures of CM, depression symptoms, and problem drinking. Depressive implicit associations were assessed by a computer-based implicit association test (IAT). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the direct link between CM and problem drinking as well as indirect links through depression symptoms and depressive implicit associations. RESULTS CM was significantly associated with both depression symptoms (β = 0.35, p < .001) and depressive implicit associations (β = 0.36, p < .001). Additionally, CM was associated with problem drinking indirectly via depression symptoms during young adulthood (β = .06, p = .019). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence for the role of depression symptoms, but not for depressive implicit associations, in linking CM and problem drinking. Treating depression in individuals with a history of CM may help to prevent problem drinking in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny H Shin
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA, USA.,School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Susan H Yoon
- College of Social Work, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Julia M Kobulsky
- School of Social Work, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Parker J, Olson S, Bunde J. The Impact of Trauma-Based Training on Educators. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2020; 13:217-227. [PMID: 32549933 PMCID: PMC7289915 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-019-00261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An extensive literature establishing the prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and their destructive impact over the lifespan has motivated recent efforts to fundamentally alter the educational milieu. One such initiative, entitled "Compassionate Schools," involves the training of educators in trauma-informed and trauma-sensitive practices, in the hopes of creating scholastic environments more conducive to widespread resilience. Despite encouraging initial reports, few studies have empirically evaluated the impact of Compassionate Schools training on attendees. The current investigation reports the results of two studies. In Study 1, participants completed a questionnaire 6 months after their Compassionate Schools trainings, including items relevant to mindset and behavior change. In Study 2, participants completed the Attitudes Relevant to Trauma Informed Care (ARTIC) scale before and after a Compassionate Schools training. The majority of participants in Study 1 reported enduring changes in mindset and behavior as a result of their trainings, and described those changes in terms consistent with the Compassionate Schools model. ARTIC responses in Study 2 suggested marked trauma-informed attitudinal improvements between pre- and post-training assessments. These data, although preliminary, are consistent with the Compassionate Schools paradigm, and empirically support its promise as a ACEs-informed intervention for educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Parker
- Child Protection Training Center, University of South Carolina Upstate, 160 E. St. John Street, Spartanburg, SC 29306 USA
| | - Stacey Olson
- Child Protection Training Center, University of South Carolina Upstate, 160 E. St. John Street, Spartanburg, SC 29306 USA
| | - James Bunde
- Psychology Department, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC USA
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16
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De Bellis MD, Nooner KB, Brumback T, Clark DB, Tapert SF, Brown SA. Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Predict Transition to Future Adolescent and Young Adult Moderate to Heavy Drinking in the NCANDA Sample. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020; 7:99-107. [PMID: 32509502 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of study Approximately two thirds of youth report experiencing or witnessing a trauma. It is not known whether trauma or the posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) following trauma increases adolescent drinking risk. Recent findings We described trauma experienced by the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) longitudinal sample (N=831) participants and examined drinking over 4 years. We hypothesize that more traumatic events and PTSS will predict transition to moderate/heavy drinking. Summary 658 no/low drinkers at baseline were followed yearly for 4 years for transition to moderate/heavy drinking using logistic regression models. Youth were grouped by: No Trauma (n=257), Trauma (n= 348), and Trauma with PTSS (n=53). Those with Trauma and PTSS showed escalation to moderate/heavy drinking compared to the No Trauma group in follow-up years 2, 3, and 4. Number of traumatic events did not predict moderate/heavy drinking. Interventions targeting PTSS may prevent transition to moderate/heavy drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D De Bellis
- Healthy Childhood Brain Development Developmental Traumatology Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Kate B Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, NC
| | - Ty Brumback
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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17
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Miller KM, Briggs HE, Elkins J, Kim I, Mowbray O. Physical Abuse and Adolescent Sexual Behaviors: Moderating Effects of Mental Health Disorders and Substance Use. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2020; 13:55-62. [PMID: 32318228 PMCID: PMC7163811 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-018-0221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine the direct effects of child physical abuse on sexual behaviors and whether mental health problems and substance use moderated the associations between exposure to child physical abuse and sexual behavioral practices among adolescents who participated in the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). The data show statistically significant relationships between physical abuse and risky sexual behaviors for youth who met the clinical criteria for lifetime Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and reported marijuana use. Data from future studies can inform sexual health practice development with adolescents and emerging adults with a history of physical abuse, marijuana use/abuse and PTSD. These findings underscore the importance of exploring presence of symptoms associated with PTSD and marijuana use as part of a comprehensive biopsychosocial assessment for physically abused adolescents and emerging adults to determine if they are engaging in risky sexual behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keva M. Miller
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, 1800 SW 6th Ave., Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | | | - Jennifer Elkins
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Irang Kim
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Department of Social Work, Northwestern State University of Louisiana, Natchitoches, LA USA
| | - Orion Mowbray
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
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18
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Shin SH, Wang X, Yoon SH, Cage JL, Kobulsky JM, Montemayor BN. Childhood maltreatment and alcohol-related problems in young adulthood: The protective role of parental warmth. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 98:104238. [PMID: 31655248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use among young adults is highly prevalent. Individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment are particularly vulnerable to alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. Few studies have examined family protective factors, such as parental warmth, that may mitigate the effects of childhood maltreatment on alcohol-related problems. OBJECTIVE The current study seeks to examine the extent to which parental warmth reduces the effect of childhood exposure to maltreatment on alcohol-related problems in young adulthood. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were young adults (N = 337; mean age = 21.7), who were recruited from an urban community and completed in-person interviews assessing childhood maltreatment, parental warmth, and alcohol-related problems. METHODS Multiple hierarchical linear regression models were used to examine whether maternal and paternal warmth reduced the impact of childhood exposure to maltreatment on alcohol-related problems in young adulthood. Common risk factors for alcohol-related problems, including psychological symptoms and peer and parental alcohol use, were also entered into the models. RESULTS We found a significant moderating effect of paternal warmth on the associations between childhood emotional abuse and alcohol-related problems (β= -0.29, p < .05). Specifically, the association between emotional abuse and alcohol-related problems was weaker among individuals with higher levels of paternal warmth. Moderating effects of maternal warmth on the maltreatment-problematic alcohol use relation were not supported. CONCLUSION The results of this research suggest that parental warmth may not only relate to fewer alcohol-related problems among offspring, but may also modify the associations between childhood emotional abuse and alcohol-related problems during young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny H Shin
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work, 1000 Floyd Avenue, Third Floor, Richmond, VA, 23284, United States; Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 1200 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States.
| | - Xiafei Wang
- Syracuse University, School of Social Work, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, 440 White Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, United States
| | - Susan H Yoon
- Ohio State University, College of Social Work, 1947 N. College Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Jamie L Cage
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work, 1000 Floyd Avenue, Third Floor, Richmond, VA, 23284, United States
| | - Julia M Kobulsky
- Temple University, School of Social Work, 1101 W. Montgomery Ave. Third Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, United States
| | - Benjamin N Montemayor
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work, 1000 Floyd Avenue, Third Floor, Richmond, VA, 23284, United States
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19
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Brintnell ES, Sawhney AS, Bailey PG, Nelson M, Pike AD, Wielandt P. Corrections and connection to the community: A diagnostic and service program for incarcerated adult men with FASD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2019; 64:8-17. [PMID: 31122643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that impaired social and adaptive behavior due to prenatal alcohol exposure can be associated with severe conduct disorders in adolescence, mental health concerns, school failure, employment difficulties, substance abuse, difficulty with the law, and incarceration. The Corrections and Connections to the Community research and service program was established to examine adult male offenders with frequent contact with the provincial corrections system. Individuals who participated in the program received neuropsychological testing, a functional assessment and a psychiatric interview. Results indicated that 90% of the participants identified within the spectrum of FASD. The functional profile indicated that many participants had impaired social functioning. A natural dichotomy emerged from the data which reflected those who connected early with the criminal justice system (65%) and those who did not connect within the 18 month project period. Significant differences emerged between those individuals who reconnected with the justice system and who also possessed a juvenile record and those who did not. Further analysis also indicated significant differences between scores on the Finger Tapping Test, Trail Making Test A, ILS and California Verbal Learning Test. Findings of this study highlight the importance of appropriate programming and services for incarcerated men with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sharon Brintnell
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, 8205 114 ST NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada
| | - Anjili S Sawhney
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, 8205 114 ST NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada; University of Alberta, Faculty of Nursing, 11405 87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Patricia G Bailey
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, 8205 114 ST NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada
| | - Monty Nelson
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Education, 11210 87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada
| | - Ashley D Pike
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, 8205 114 ST NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada.
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20
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Hoffman EA, Clark DB, Orendain N, Hudziak J, Squeglia LM, Dowling GJ. Stress exposures, neurodevelopment and health measures in the ABCD study. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100157. [PMID: 30949565 PMCID: PMC6430638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a large, longitudinal study of brain development and child health, is uniquely positioned to explore relationships among stress, neurodevelopment, and psychiatric symptomatology, including substance use and addiction. There is much we do not know about how adverse experiences affect the developing brain and cognitive, social, emotional, and academic outcomes. The data collected by the ABCD Study will allow the examination of the relationships among these variables in adolescence, including the effects of stressors (e.g., abuse, neglect, household challenges, parental substance use) on psychological adjustment and other stress responses. A comprehensive protocol that includes physical and mental health, substance use, culture and environment, neurocognitive assessments, biospecimen analyses, and structural and functional neuroimaging will provide opportunities for learning about the impacts of stressors on health and other outcomes in the context of adolescent development. This knowledge could lead to the development of interventions that reduce or even reverse the impacts of stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Hoffman
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding author. 6001 Executive Blvd, Room 5103, MSC 9581, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9591, USA.
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natalia Orendain
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Hudziak
- College of Medicine/Fletcher Allen Health Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gayathri J. Dowling
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Sharkey CM, Espeleta HC, Bakula DM, Roberts CM, Ruppe NM, Marissa Baudino B, Clawson AH, Chaney JM, Mullins LL. Adverse childhood experiences: Non-medical trauma in the context of pediatric chronic illness. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2018.1553677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah C. Espeleta
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Dana M. Bakula
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | - Nicole M. Ruppe
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | - Ashley H. Clawson
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - John M. Chaney
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Larry L. Mullins
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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22
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Yiğit İ, Kılıç H, Guzey Yiğit M, Çelik C. Emotional and physical maltreatment, early maladaptive schemas, and internalizing disorders in adolescents: a multi-group path model of clinical and non-clinical samples. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-0068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Dixson G, Woolfenden S, Jayasinha R, Rawstorne P, Palmer K, Nathan S. Characteristics of Australian adolescent females in residential treatment who report using methamphetamines. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017; 37 Suppl 1:S384-S393. [PMID: 29266457 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS To investigate factors associated with methamphetamine use in adolescent females referred to an Australian residential treatment service. DESIGN AND METHODS A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was undertaken. Cross-sectional analysis of existing pre-treatment data for adolescent females aged 13-18 years (median 16.48 years) attending a treatment program between 2009 and 2015 (n = 267) was undertaken, followed by a focus group and in-depth interviews of key staff. RESULTS Female methamphetamine-users (n = 127, 47.6%) were significantly more likely than non-methamphetamine-users at pre-treatment to be in unstable living arrangements, where they moved frequently (P = 0.025), lived in more unstable (not rented or privately owned) accommodation (P = 0.012) and had problematic family situations (P = 0.004). They were more likely than non-methamphetamine-users to be to be poly-drug users (P < 0.001) and to have ever attempted suicide (P = 0.029). Cumulative trauma by someone known to the adolescent was the main predictor for female methamphetamine use (odds ratio 3.077). Qualitative data provided context and depth to quantitative findings, with an emphasis on trauma as a precursor to methamphetamine use. The qualitative interviews also highlighted changes made in service provision, given the increasing rates of methamphetamine use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS High levels of trauma and mental health problems in this population support the notion that traumatic childhood experiences are strongly associated with problematic alcohol and other drug use, particularly, methamphetamine use, at a young age. Increased attention to decreasing family violence, abuse and neglect is required and in clinical practice, a trauma-informed model of care is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Dixson
- School of Public Health & Community Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susan Woolfenden
- School of Public Health & Community Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ranmalie Jayasinha
- School of Public Health & Community Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Patrick Rawstorne
- School of Public Health & Community Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Sally Nathan
- School of Public Health & Community Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Child Abuse and Psychiatric Co-morbidity Among Chinese Adolescents: Emotional Processing as Mediator and PTSD from Past Trauma as Moderator. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:610-618. [PMID: 27704299 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether child abuse was associated with psychiatric co-morbidity in a group of Chinese adolescents, and whether this association would be mediated by emotional processing difficulties and moderated by the severity of PTSD from other traumas in the past. Four hundred seventy-four adolescents participated in the study. They completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, General Health Questionnaire-28, the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, and Emotional processing scale-25. The results showed that after adjusting for the total number of traumatic events and how long ago the most traumatic event occurred, child abuse was associated with psychiatric co-morbidity. This association was not moderated by the severity of PTSD from past traumas but mediated by emotion processing difficulties. To conclude, adolescents who experience child abuse can develop emotional processing difficulties which in turn impact on psychiatric symptoms. Experience of past trauma does not influence these psychological processes.
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25
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Kang H, Chung IJ, Chun J, Nho CR, Woo S. Linking Traumatic Childhood Experiences to the Physical Health of Korean Adolescents in Out-of-Home Care through Depression and Anxiety. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 32:122-130. [PMID: 27719380 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2016.1230082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to assess whether the physical health of Korean adolescents in out-of-home care is affected directly by traumatic childhood experiences and/or indirectly through depression and anxiety. Study participants are 460 adolescents who are included in the first and second wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children in Out-of-Home Care. The data are analyzed using structural equation modeling. Our structural model finds no direct effects of traumatic experiences on physical health. Among the two types of trauma experiences, namely, family instability and violence experiences, only violence experiences affect physical health indirectly through depression and anxiety. Based on the results, practice implications for Korean adolescents in care are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunah Kang
- a Division of Child Welfare , Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ick-Joong Chung
- b Department of Social Welfare , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - JongSerl Chun
- b Department of Social Welfare , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Rai Nho
- b Department of Social Welfare , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjin Woo
- c Department of Economics , Myongji University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Schreier HMC, Chen E, Miller GE. Child maltreatment and pediatric asthma: a review of the literature. Asthma Res Pract 2016; 2:7. [PMID: 27965775 PMCID: PMC5142435 DOI: 10.1186/s40733-016-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment is a common problem with known adverse consequences, yet its contributions to the development and course of pediatric asthma are only poorly understood. MAIN This review first describes possible pathways connecting child maltreatment to pediatric asthma, including aspects of the physical home environment, health behaviors and disease management, and psychological consequences of child maltreatment. We subsequently review existing studies, which generally report an association between maltreatment experiences and asthma outcomes in childhood. However, this literature is in its early stages; there are only a handful studies, most of them rely on self-reports of both child maltreatment and asthma history, and none have investigated the physiological underpinnings of this association. Taken together, however, the studies are suggestive of child maltreatment playing a role in pediatric asthma incidence and expression that should be explored further. CONCLUSION Existing data are sparse and do not allow for specific conclusions. However, the data are suggestive of child maltreatment influencing asthma risk and morbidity long before the adult years. Future research should focus on understanding how child maltreatment contributes to asthma disease risk and progression in this highly vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. C. Schreier
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology and Cells to Society (C2S): The Center on Social Disparities and Health, Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Gregory E. Miller
- Department of Psychology and Cells to Society (C2S): The Center on Social Disparities and Health, Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
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Bouris A, Everett BG, Heath RD, Elsaesser CE, Neilands TB. Effects of Victimization and Violence on Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Adolescents. LGBT Health 2016; 3:153-61. [PMID: 26789401 PMCID: PMC4841901 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2015.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sexual minority youth (SMY) are at higher risk for victimization and suicide than are heterosexual youth (HY). Relatively little research has examined which types of victimization are most closely linked to suicide, which is necessary to develop targeted prevention interventions. The present study was conducted to address this deficit. METHODS The data come from the 2011 Chicago Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 1,907). Structural equation modeling (SEM) in Mplus evaluated the direct, indirect, and total effects of sexual orientation on a latent indicator of suicidal ideation and behaviors via seven types of victimization. Four indicators of victimization were school-specific (e.g., harassment due to sexual orientation or gender identity (SO/GID), bullying, threatened or injured with a weapon, and skipping school due to safety concerns), and three indicators assessed other types of victimization (e.g., electronic bullying, intimate partner violence, and sexual abuse). RESULTS Thirteen percent of youth were classified as SMY. Significantly more SMY than HY reported suicidal ideation (27.95% vs. 13.64%), a suicide plan (22.78% vs. 12.36%), and at least one suicide attempt (29.92% vs. 12.43%) in the past year (all P < .001). A greater percentage of SMY reported SO/GID-related harassment, skipping school, electronic bullying, and sexual abuse. Sexual orientation was not directly related to suicidal ideation and behaviors in SEM. Rather, SMY's elevated risk of suicidality functioned indirectly through two forms of school-based victimization: being threatened or injured with a weapon (B = .19, SE = .09, P ≤ .05) and experiencing SO/GID-specific harassment (B = .40, SE = .15, P ≤ .01). There also was a trend for SMY to skip school as a strategy to reduce suicide risk. CONCLUSION Although SMY experience higher rates of victimization than do HY, school-based victimization that involves weapons or is due to one's SO/GID appear to be the most deleterious. That SMY may skip school to reduce their risk of suicidal ideation and behaviors is problematic, and schools should be encouraged to enact and enforce policies that explicitly protect SMY from victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida Bouris
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bethany G. Everett
- Department of Sociology, College of Social and Behavioral Science, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan D. Heath
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Torsten B. Neilands
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Annett RD. Commentary: Longitudinal Observational Research Informs Child Health Research. J Pediatr Psychol 2016; 42:269-271. [PMID: 27017988 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsw027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Annett
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Children's of Mississippi, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, USA
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Waldron JC, Scarpa A, Kim-Spoon J, Coe CL. Adult Sexual Experiences as a Mediator Between Child Abuse and Current Secretory Immunoglobulin A Levels. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2016; 31:942-960. [PMID: 25395225 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514556763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated whether a history of child abuse is a predictor of adult immune status, with unwanted adult sexual experiences as a proximal mediator. Participants included 89 young adult women (M(age) = 19.24) who were classified as having experienced no child abuse, child physical abuse, or child sexual abuse, based upon self-reported victimization history before 14 years of age. Participants also reported on unwanted sexual experiences in young adulthood and provided four saliva samples, which were collected over two consecutive days to determine secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). Age and negative life events were considered as covariates. The results indicated that adult sexual victimization partially mediated the relationship between child abuse (physical and sexual) and sIgA. Specifically, child abuse experiences predicted more adult sexual victimization experiences, which in turn predicted lower sIgA levels. These findings support long-term health effects of victimization, and suggest that the influence of child abuse on sIgA may be perpetuated through adult victimization. Prevention efforts should aim to empower child maltreatment survivors with skills to prevent adult re-victimization. By thwarting future unwanted sexual experiences in adulthood, individuals will be better protected from the health impairments associated with early abuse experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Waldron
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Angela Scarpa
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jungmeen Kim-Spoon
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Creswell KG, Chung T, Clark DB, Martin CS. Solitary cannabis use in adolescence as a correlate and predictor of cannabis problems. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 156:120-125. [PMID: 26365838 PMCID: PMC4633321 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most adolescent cannabis use occurs in social settings among peers. Solitary cannabis use during adolescence may represent an informative divergence from normative behavior with important implications for understanding risk for cannabis problems. This longitudinal study examined associations of adolescent solitary cannabis use with levels of cannabis use and problems in adolescence and in young adulthood. METHODS Cannabis using-adolescents aged 12-18 were recruited from clinical programs (n=354; 43.8% female; 83.3% Caucasian) and community sources (n=93; 52.7% female; 80.6% Caucasian). Participants reported on cannabis use patterns and diagnostic symptoms at baseline and multiple follow-ups into young adulthood. RESULTS Compared to social-only users, adolescent solitary cannabis users were more likely to be male and reported more frequent cannabis use and more DSM-IV cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptoms. Regression analyses showed that solitary cannabis use in adolescence predicted CUD symptom counts in young adulthood (age 25) after controlling for demographic variables and the frequency of adolescent cannabis use. However, solitary adolescent cannabis use was no longer predictive of age 25 CUD symptoms after additionally controlling for adolescent CUD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Solitary cannabis use is associated with greater cannabis use and problems during adolescence, but evidence is mixed that it predicts young adult cannabis problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey G. Creswell
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Sigurdardottir S, Halldorsdottir S, Bender SS, Agnarsdottir G. Personal resurrection: female childhood sexual abuse survivors’ experience of theWellness-Program. Scand J Caring Sci 2015; 30:175-86. [DOI: 10.1111/scs.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sigridur Halldorsdottir
- Faculty of Graduate Studies; School of Health Sciences; University of Akureyri; Akureyri Iceland
| | - Soley S. Bender
- Research and Development regarding Sexual and Reproductive Health; School of Health Sciences; University Hospital; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland
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Black JJ, Clark DB, Martin CS, Kim KH, Blaze TJ, Creswell KG, Chung T. Course of alcohol symptoms and social anxiety disorder from adolescence to young adulthood. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1008-15. [PMID: 25864451 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited knowledge of the course of social anxiety disorder (SAD) from adolescence into adulthood, and how SAD and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms change together over time. The current study examined how persistent and adolescent-limited SAD relate to alcohol symptom trajectories across adolescence and into adulthood, as well as gender differences in the course of SAD and AUD symptoms. METHODS Participants were 788 youth (ages 12 to 18 at the baseline assessment; 46.2% female; 80.5% White) recruited from the community (n = 220) and from clinical programs (n = 568). Youth completed clinical interviews on their lifetime history of AUD symptoms and SAD at baseline and were followed through age 25. Multivariate polynomial growth mixture modeling was used to estimate developmental trajectories for SAD and AUD symptoms separately, then together in a dual trajectory model. Gender differences were examined using a classify-analyze approach. RESULTS Three SAD trajectory classes were identified: adolescent-limited (15%), persistent (6%), and no SAD (79%). For AUD symptoms, 5 trajectories were identified: severe (10%), moderate (22%), remitting (18%), young adult onset (22%), and stable low (28%). Those with a history of SAD were about twice as likely to be in the severe AUD symptom class compared to those without a history of SAD. Compared to those with persisting SAD, those in the adolescent-limited SAD class were more likely to belong to the stable low AUD trajectory. Compared to males with SAD, females with SAD were less likely to be in the moderate AUD symptom class and were more likely to be in stable low and young adult onset AUD symptom classes. CONCLUSIONS A history of SAD was associated with membership in the severe AUD trajectory group. The association of gender with SAD and AUD differed depending on developmental period. Future research should examine whether treating SAD in early adolescence may prevent subsequent AUD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Black
- Pittsburgh Adolescent Alcohol Research Center, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Pittsburgh Adolescent Alcohol Research Center, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher S Martin
- Pittsburgh Adolescent Alcohol Research Center, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin H Kim
- Department of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas J Blaze
- Department of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kasey G Creswell
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tammy Chung
- Pittsburgh Adolescent Alcohol Research Center, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Vilhena-Churchill N, Goldstein AL. Child maltreatment and marijuana problems in young adults: examining the role of motives and emotion dysregulation. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:962-972. [PMID: 24268374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that childhood maltreatment is an important predictor of marijuana use, but few studies have examined the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The current study examines marijuana motives as mediators of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and marijuana use in a sample of young adults. In addition, pathways from childhood maltreatment to emotion dysregulation, coping motives, and marijuana use were explored. Participants were 125 young adults (ages 19-25, 66.9% female) recruited through online community advertising. All participants completed questionnaires assessing childhood maltreatment, emotion dysregulation, marijuana motives, past year and past three-month marijuana use, and marijuana problems. Correlational analyses revealed bivariate relationships between childhood maltreatment, emotion dysregulation, marijuana motives and marijuana problems (rs=.24-.50). Mediation analyses revealed that coping motives mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and marijuana problems, and emotion dysregulation was associated with marijuana problems both directly and indirectly via coping motives. The present findings highlight emotion dysregulation and coping motives as important underlying mechanisms in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and marijuana problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Vilhena-Churchill
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M6A 1R8, Canada
| | - Abby L Goldstein
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M6A 1R8, Canada
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Childhood maltreatment and obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:544-54. [PMID: 23689533 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a prevalent global-health problem associated with substantial morbidity, impairment and economic burden. Because most readily available forms of treatment are ineffective in the long term, it is essential to advance knowledge of obesity prevention by identifying potentially modifiable risk factors. Findings from experimental studies in non-human primates suggest that adverse childhood experiences may influence obesity risk. However, observations from human studies showed heterogeneous results. To address these inconsistencies, we performed Medline, PsycInfo and Embase searches till 1 August 2012 for articles examining the association between childhood maltreatment and obesity. We then conducted a meta-analysis of the identified studies and explored the effects of various possible sources of bias. A meta-analysis of 41 studies (190 285 participants) revealed that childhood maltreatment was associated with elevated risk of developing obesity over the life-course (odds ratio=1.36; 95% confidence interval=1.26-1.47). Results were not explained by publication bias or undue influence of individual studies. Overall, results were not significantly affected by the measures or definitions used for maltreatment or obesity, nor by confounding by childhood or adult socioeconomic status, current smoking, alcohol intake or physical activity. However, the association was not statistically significant in studies of children and adolescents, focusing on emotional neglect, or adjusting for current depression. Furthermore, the association was stronger in samples including more women and whites, but was not influenced by study quality. Child maltreatment is a potentially modifiable risk factor for obesity. Future research should clarify the mechanisms through which child maltreatment affects obesity risk and explore methods to remediate this effect.
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Rapoza KA, Wilson DT, Widmann WA, Riley MA, Robertson TW, Maiello E, Villot N, Manzella DJ, Ortiz-Garcia AL. The relationship between adult health and childhood maltreatment, as moderated by anger and ethnic background. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:445-456. [PMID: 24582658 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment, anger, and racial/ethnic background were examined in relation to physical health, psychological well-being, and blood pressure outcomes. This study used data from a diverse sample of African American, Latino, and Caucasian participants (N=198). Results from a series of multiple regressions indicated anger and total childhood maltreatment were robust predictors of poorer health. Although correlational analyses found maltreatment from the mother and father were associated with poorer health outcomes, when considered as part of the regression models, only a relationship between maltreatment from the mother and physical health was found. Greater anger scores were linked with lower blood pressure, particularly systolic blood pressure. Generally, more psychological and physical symptom reporting was found with greater anger scores, and higher levels of total maltreatment also predicted physical symptoms. The pattern of interactions indicated anger was more detrimental for African American participant's (and marginally so for Latino participant's) physical health. Interestingly, interactions also indicated total childhood maltreatment was related to fewer symptoms for Latino participants. Although child maltreatment may be viewed as a moral and/or human rights issue, this study provides evidence that it can also be viewed as a public health issue. Our study demonstrated that known health risk factors such as anger and maltreatment may operate in a different pattern dependent on ethnic/cultural background. The findings suggest health and health disparities research would benefit from greater exploration of the differential impact of certain moderating variables based on racial/ethnic background.
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36
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Kalmakis KA, Chandler GE. Adverse childhood experiences: towards a clear conceptual meaning. J Adv Nurs 2013; 70:1489-501. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Creswell KG, Chung T, Clark DB, Martin CS. Solitary Alcohol Use in Teens Is Associated With Drinking in Response to Negative Affect and Predicts Alcohol Problems in Young Adulthood. Clin Psychol Sci 2013; 2:602-610. [PMID: 25977842 DOI: 10.1177/2167702613512795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent solitary drinking may represent an informative divergence from normative behavior, with important implications for understanding risk for alcohol-use disorders later in life. Within a self-medication framework, we hypothesized that solitary alcohol use would be associated with drinking in response to negative affect and that such a pattern of drinking would predict alcohol problems in young adulthood. We tested these predictions in a longitudinal study in which we examined whether solitary drinking in adolescence (ages 12-18) predicted alcohol-use disorders in young adulthood (age 25) in 466 alcohol-using teens recruited from clinical programs and 243 alcohol-using teens recruited from the community. Findings showed that solitary drinking was associated with drinking in response to negative affect during adolescence and predicted alcohol problems in young adulthood. Results indicate that drinking alone is an important type of alcohol-use behavior that increases risk for the escalation of alcohol use and the development of alcohol problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey G Creswell
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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Schneiderman JU, Smith C, Arnold-Clark JS, Fuentes J, Duan L, Palinkas LA. Overweight and obesity among Hispanic children entering foster care: a preliminary examination of polyvictimization. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2013; 18:264-273. [PMID: 24137014 DOI: 10.1177/1077559513508236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective medical chart review examined the prevalence of overweight/obesity (≥85th percentile) and obesity (≥95th percentile) in Hispanic foster children aged 2-18 years in Los Angeles, California. Logistic regression was used for boys and girls separately to analyze polyvictimization (i.e., one vs. two or more types of maltreatment), type of maltreatment (abuse vs. neglect), and age-group as risk factors for overweight and obesity. Almost 40% of participants were overweight/obese, with the highest prevalence (47.7%) observed among children aged 12-18. Children aged 6-18 were at an increased risk of overweight/obesity and obesity compared with children aged 2-5. Although polyvictimization has been shown to have adverse health effects, in this study, it was related to slightly lower odds of obesity for boys but was unrelated to high weight for girls. Addressing the obesity epidemic among Hispanic foster children is vital to preventing continued obesity and the development of obesity-related health problems, especially by focusing on important community and family influences.
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Lyon ME, Koenig LJ, Pals SL, Abramowitz S, Chandwani S, Sill A. Prevalence and correlates of violence exposure among HIV-infected adolescents. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2013; 25:S5-14. [PMID: 23816318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jana.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Violence exposure among HIV-infected adolescents was estimated using Poisson regression and adjusted event rate ratios (ERR). Of 166 urban adolescents (99 perinatally infected youth [PIY]; 67 behaviorally infected youth [BIY]) 52.5% (n = 85) experienced violence; 79% (n = 131) witnessed violence. Sexual violence was experienced by 18% (6 PIY, 24 BIY) before age 13 years and by 15% (6 PIY, 19 BIY) during adolescence. BIY were significantly more likely than PIY to have experienced and witnessed violence. Controlling for transmission, ever-bartered sex (ERR = 1.92, CI [1.31 to 2.81], p = .009) and family disruptions (ERR = 1.19, CI [1.03 to 1.39], p = .022) were associated with violence victimization. Family disruptions (ERR = 1.17, CI [1.05 to 1.30], p = .004), female gender (ERR = 1.32, CI [1.05 to 1.66], p = .017), and heterosexual orientation (ERR = 1.48, CI = [1.11 to 1.97], p = .006) were associated with witnessing violence.
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Norman GJ, Hawkley L, Ball A, Berntson GG, Cacioppo JT. Perceived social isolation moderates the relationship between early childhood trauma and pulse pressure in older adults. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 88:334-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kristman-Valente A, Wells EA. The role of gender in the association between child maltreatment and substance use behavior: a systematic review of longitudinal research from 1995 to 2011. Subst Use Misuse 2013; 48:645-60. [PMID: 23750770 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2013.800115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review analyzes the role of gender in the association between childhood maltreatment and substance use outcomes, among longitudinal papers published between 1995 and 2011. Ten papers examined gender as a moderating variable. Results on gender differences were mixed. When studies that found no gender effects were compared with studies that did identify gender effects, differences in measurement, sample composition, and developmental timing of outcomes were identified. This review also examines how gender effects are assessed. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed. Areas for future research are identified.
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Watt MH, Ranby KW, Meade CS, Sikkema KJ, MacFarlane JC, Skinner D, Pieterse D, Kalichman SC. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms mediate the relationship between traumatic experiences and drinking behavior among women attending alcohol-serving venues in a South African township. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2012; 73:549-58. [PMID: 22630793 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2012.73.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE South Africa has high rates of traumatic experiences and alcohol abuse or dependence, especially among women. Traumatic experiences often result in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and PTSD has been associated with hazardous drinking. This article examines the relationship between traumatic events and hazardous drinking among women who patronized alcohol-serving venues in South Africa and examines PTSD as a mediator of this relationship. METHOD A total of 560 women were recruited from a Cape Town township. They completed a computerized assessment that included alcohol consumption, history of traumatic events, and PTSD symptoms. Mediation analysis examined whether PTSD symptoms mediated the relationship between the number of traumatic event categories experienced (range: 0-7) and drinking behavior. RESULTS The mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score in the sample was 12.15 (range: 0-34, SD = 7.3), with 70.9% reaching criteria for hazardous drinking (AUDIT > 8). The mean PTSD score was 36.32 (range: 17-85, SD = 16.3),with 20.9% meeting symptom criteria for PTSD (PTSD Checklist with 20.9% meeting symptom criteria for PTSD (PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version ≥ 50). Endorsement of traumatic experiences was high, including adult emotional (51.8%), physical (49.6%), and sexual (26.3%) abuse; childhood physical (35.0%) and sexual (25.9%) abuse; and other types of trauma (83%). All categories of traumatic experiences, except the "other" category, were associated with hazardous drinking. PTSD symptoms mediated 46% of the relationship between the number of traumatic categories experienced and drinking behavior. CONCLUSIONS Women reported high rates of hazardous drinking and high levels of PTSD symptoms, and most had some history of traumatic events. There was a strong relationship between traumatic exposure and drinking levels, which was largely mediated by PTSD symptoms. Substance use interventions should address histories of trauma in this population, where alcohol may be used in part to cope with past traumas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H Watt
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Hyucksun Shin S. A Longitudinal Examination of the Relationships between Childhood Maltreatment and Patterns of Adolescent Substance Use among High-Risk Adolescents. Am J Addict 2012; 21:453-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) occurs in few young adolescents, but is as common as in adults by the late teens. To address problems with the current American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV criteria, the anticipated DSM-V will eliminate the distinction between substance abuse and dependence in favour of a single category. For adolescents, pharmacotherapy for AUD may target alcohol withdrawal symptoms, alcohol consumption reinforcement properties, craving or co-morbid mental disorders. While uncommon among adolescents, severe alcohol withdrawal may require the closely monitored application of benzodiazepines. Disulfiram alters alcohol metabolism and has been shown to increase abstinence in adolescents with AUD, but sufficient motivation to maintain abstinence is needed for this approach to be appropriate. Medications to reduce alcohol craving, including naltrexone and acamprosate, may also assist some adolescents in maintaining abstinence. Adolescents with AUD typically also have co-morbid mental disorders and problems with other substances. Co-morbid mental disorders, such as major depressive disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, may be addressed by pharmacotherapy. The potential for interactions between prescribed medications and alcohol or illicit substances necessitates patient education and monitoring. While there is a paucity of empirical information on the applicability of these pharmacotherapy approaches in adolescents, cautious application of these medications in selected cases in the context of systematic psychosocial interventions is warranted to promote abstinence and address associated problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, USA.
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Thompson R, Litrownik AJ, Isbell P, Everson MD, English DJ, Dubowitz H, Proctor LJ, Flaherty EG. Adverse Experiences and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescence: Exploring the Link Using the LONGSCAN Samples. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2012; 2:10.1037/a0027107. [PMID: 24349862 PMCID: PMC3857611 DOI: 10.1037/a0027107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although widely studied in adults, the link between lifetime adversities and suicidal ideation in youth is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore this link in adolescents. METHODS The analyses used a sample of 740 16-year-old youth in the LONGSCAN sample, and distinguished between childhood (before the age of 12) and adolescent (between age 12 and age 16) adversities. RESULTS There was a significant link between cumulative lifetime adversities and suicidal ideation. There was no evidence that this link was moderated by gender. Childhood adversities moderated the effects of adolescent adversities on suicidal ideation; effects of adolescent adversities were strongest at low levels of childhood adversities. There was also some evidence supporting a specific cumulative model of the effects of adversities on suicidal ideation; the most predictive model included the sum of the following adversities: childhood physical abuse, childhood neglect, childhood family violence, childhood residential instability, adolescent physical abuse, adolescent sexual abuse, adolescent psychological maltreatment, and adolescent community violence. CONCLUSION The timing and nature of adversities are important in understanding youth suicidal ideation risk; in particular, adolescent maltreatment and community violence appear to be strong predictors. Preventing and appropriately responding to the abuse of adolescents has the potential to reduce the risk of suicidal ideation.
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Kalokhe AS, Paranjape A, Bell CE, Cardenas GA, Kuper T, Metsch LR, del Rio C. Intimate partner violence among HIV-infected crack cocaine users. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2012; 26:234-40. [PMID: 22364209 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2011.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected crack cocaine users are at high risk for HIV transmission and disease progression because they encounter difficulty practicing safe sex, entering and remaining in HIV care, and taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). We hypothesized intimate partner violence (IPV) occurs frequently in this population and contributes to these shortcomings. From December 2006 to April 2010 inpatient HIV-infected crack users were recruited from Grady Memorial (Atlanta, GA) and Jackson Memorial Hospitals (Miami, FL). Participants were screened for IPV using a 5-item tool that was adapted from a previously validated instrument, the STaT. IPV survivors were questioned about support service utilization. Multivariable analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between IPV and unprotected sexual intercourse and sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis in the prior 6 months, use of outpatient HIV care in the past year, and current ART use. We enrolled 343 participants, the majority African Americans of low socioeconomic status. The estimated IPV prevalence was 56%, highest in women (68%) and gay, bisexual, and transgendered men (71%). In multivariable analysis, IPV was associated with diminished ART use (adjusted prevalence ratios [adjPRs] 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41-0.80), unprotected sexual intercourse (adjPR 1.34; 95% CI 1.08-1.68) and STI diagnosis in the prior 6 months (adjPR 3.49; 95% CI 1.60-7.62). After experiencing abuse, IPV survivors most commonly turned to emergency services; however, 38% reported not using any supportive services. This study highlights that IPV occurs frequently among HIV-infected crack users and is associated with outcomes known to facilitate HIV transmission and disease progression. Reduced utilization of outpatient HIV care, ART nonadherence, and new STI diagnoses in this population should trigger IPV screening and support services referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameeta S. Kalokhe
- Emory University School of Medicine/Center for AIDS Research, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Christine E. Bell
- Emory University School of Medicine/Center for AIDS Research, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gabriel A. Cardenas
- University of Miami School of Medicine/Center for AIDS Research, Miami, Florida
| | - Tamy Kuper
- University of Miami School of Medicine/Center for AIDS Research, Miami, Florida
| | - Lisa R. Metsch
- University of Miami School of Medicine/Center for AIDS Research, Miami, Florida
| | - Carlos del Rio
- Emory University School of Medicine/Center for AIDS Research, Atlanta, Georgia
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Schneiderman JU, Mennen FE, Negriff S, Trickett PK. Overweight and obesity among maltreated young adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2012; 36:370-8. [PMID: 22571911 PMCID: PMC3359392 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE (1) To identify and compare rates of body mass index (BMI)≥ 85% (overweight/obesity) and BMI ≥ 95% (obesity) in maltreated versus comparison young adolescents; (2) to determine whether demographic/psychological characteristics are related to high BMI; (3) to determine whether type of maltreatment is related to high BMI in maltreated young adolescents. METHODS We compared a sample of maltreated young adolescents to a comparison sample of adolescents from the same neighborhood. The maltreated sample (n=303) of young adolescents (ages 9-12) came from referrals from the county child welfare department in Los Angeles, CA from new cases of maltreatment opened in specified zip codes. A comparison sample (n=151) was recruited from the same zip codes. The total sample (both maltreated and comparison) was 77% Black or Hispanic and 23% White or biracial with 53% males and 47% females. A stepwise logistic regression was used to examine predictors of high BMI with demographic/psychological covariates and maltreatment group. The maltreated young adolescents were selected and the logistic model included all covariates as well as an interaction between gender and each maltreatment type (neglect, sexual, and physical abuse). RESULTS Maltreated young adolescents were similar to comparison adolescents in obesity prevalence (27.1% and 34.4%, respectively), although comparison young adolescents were 1.7 times more likely to have overweight/obesity than the maltreated young adolescents (95% CI=1.13-2.76). No demographic variables predicted high BMI. For the comparison young adolescents, depression slightly increased the odds of overweight/obesity (OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.01-1.15). Being neglected reduced the odds of being in the overweight/obesity and obesity group when combining genders. For females, but not males, sexual and physical abuse slightly reduced the odds of obesity. CONCLUSIONS Both the maltreated and comparison young adolescents had a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, which puts them at risk for health problems. Maltreatment reduced the odds of having a high BMI for adolescents in this study, which is opposite to research in adults. Further exploration of the mechanism of how maltreatment is related to weight as adolescents age, with specific emphasis on differences between genders, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet U Schneiderman
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0411, USA
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Child maltreatment and allostatic load: consequences for physical and mental health in children from low-income families. Dev Psychopathol 2012; 23:1107-24. [PMID: 22018084 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579411000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment and biomarkers of allostatic load were investigated in relation to child health problems and psychological symptomatology. Participants attended a summer research day camp and included 137 maltreated and 110 nonmaltreated low-income children, who were aged 8 to 10 years (M = 9.42) and racially and ethnically diverse; 52% were male. Measurements obtained included salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandosterone, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and blood pressure; these indicators provided a composite index of allostatic load. Child self-report and camp adult-rater reports of child symptomatology were obtained; mothers provided information on health problems. The results indicated that higher allostatic load and child maltreatment status independently predicted poorer health outcomes and greater behavior problems. Moderation effects indicated that allostatic load was related to somatic complaints, attention problems, and thought problems only among maltreated children. Risks associated with high waist-hip ratio, low morning cortisol, and high morning dehydroepiandosterone also were related to depressive symptoms only for maltreated children. The results support an allostatic load conceptualization of the impact of high environmental stress and child abuse and neglect on child health and behavioral outcomes and have important implications for long-term physical and mental health.
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49
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Keeshin BR, Cronholm PF, Strawn JR. Physiologic changes associated with violence and abuse exposure: an examination of related medical conditions. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2012; 13:41-56. [PMID: 22186168 DOI: 10.1177/1524838011426152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the extant evidence is replete with data supporting linkages between exposure to violence or abuse and the subsequent development of medical illnesses, the underlying mechanisms of these relationships are poorly defined and understood. Physiologic changes occurring in violence- or abuse-exposed individuals point to potentially common biological pathways connecting traumatic exposures with medical outcomes. Herein, the evidence describing the long-term physiologic changes in abuse- and violence-exposed populations and associated medical illnesses are reviewed. Current data support that (a) specific neurobiochemical changes are associated with exposure to violence and abuse; (b) several biological pathways have the potential to lead to the development of future illness; and (c) common physiologic mechanisms may moderate the severity, phenomenology, or clinical course of medical illnesses in individuals with histories of exposure to violence or abuse. Importantly, additional work is needed to advance our emerging understanding of the biological mechanisms connecting exposure to violence and abuse and negative health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks R Keeshin
- Mayerson Center for Safe and Healthy Children, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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50
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Oshri A, Rogosch FA, Burnette ML, Cicchetti D. Developmental pathways to adolescent cannabis abuse and dependence: child maltreatment, emerging personality, and internalizing versus externalizing psychopathology. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2011; 25:634-44. [PMID: 21534646 PMCID: PMC3189433 DOI: 10.1037/a0023151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Child maltreatment is strongly associated with adolescent psychopathology and substance abuse and dependence. However, developmental processes unfolding from childhood into adolescence that delineate this trajectory are not well understood. The current study used path analysis in a structural equation modeling framework to examine multiple mediator models, including ego control, ego resiliency, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms to investigate this developmental process. Participants were 415 children, assessed across 3 waves of data, (i.e., at ages 7 to 9, 10 to 12, and 13 to 15). The sample included maltreated (n = 259) and nonmaltreated (n = 156) children; groups were comparable in sociodemographic characteristics. Findings support an transactional-ecological model by revealing a developmental sequence in which severity of early childhood maltreatment potentiates less adaptive childhood personality functioning, followed by externalizing problems in preadolescence, and ultimately adolescent cannabis abuse and dependence symptoms. A developmental pathway from child maltreatment to adolescent cannabis abuse and dependence symptoms via personality and preadolescent internalizing problems was not supported. Understanding developmental pathways by which maltreatment experiences increase risk for substance abuse and dependence symptoms in youth has far-reaching implications for the treatment and prevention of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Oshri
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14608, USA.
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