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Du R, Li Z, Xiang Y, Sun T, Liu X, Shi H, Li W, Huang X, Tang Z, Lu J, Chen J, Zhang F. Drip Fertigation Increases Maize Grain Yield by Affecting Phenology, Grain Filling Process, Biomass Accumulation and Translocation: A 4-Year Field Trial. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1903. [PMID: 39065430 PMCID: PMC11280026 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Drip fertigation (DF) is a widely used technology to increase grain yield with water and fertilizer conservation. However, the mechanism of high grain yield (GY) under DF is still unclear. Here, a four-year field experiment assessed the impacts of four treatments (i.e., conventional irrigation and nitrogen application, CK; drip irrigation with conventional nitrogen fertilization, DI; split-nitrogen fertigation with conventional irrigation, SF; and drip fertigation, DF) on maize phenology, leaf photosynthetic rates, grain filling processes, plant biomass, and GY. The results showed that DF significantly increased maize GY by affecting phenology, grain filling traits, aboveground biomass (BIO) accumulation, and translocation. Specifically, DF significantly increased leaf chlorophyll content, which enhanced leaf photosynthetic rates, and together with an increase of leaf area index, promoted BIO accumulation. As a result, the BIO at the silking stage of DF increased by 29.5%, transported biomass increased by 109.2% (1.2 t ha-1), and the accumulation of BIO after silking increased by 23.1% (1.7 t ha-1) compared with CK. Meanwhile, DF prolonged grain filling days, significantly increased the grain weight of 100 kernels, and promoted GY increase. Compared with CK, the four-year averaged GY and BIO increased by 34.3% and 26.8% under DF; a 29.7%, 46.1%, and 24.2% GY increase and a 30.7%, 39.5%, and 29.9% BIO increase were contributed by irrigation, nitrogen, and coupling effects of irrigation and nitrogen, respectively. These results reveal the high yield mechanism of drip-fertigated maize, and are of important significance for promoting the application of drip fertigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Du
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (R.D.); (Y.X.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.T.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (R.D.); (Y.X.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.T.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Youzhen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (R.D.); (Y.X.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.T.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (R.D.); (Y.X.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.T.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaochi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (R.D.); (Y.X.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.T.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hongzhao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (R.D.); (Y.X.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.T.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (R.D.); (Y.X.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.T.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiangyang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (R.D.); (Y.X.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.T.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zijun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (R.D.); (Y.X.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.T.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Junsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Junying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (R.D.); (Y.X.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.T.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fucang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (R.D.); (Y.X.); (T.S.); (X.L.); (H.S.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.T.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Singh G, Kaur N, Khanna R, Kaur R, Gudi S, Kaur R, Sidhu N, Vikal Y, Mangat GS. 2Gs and plant architecture: breaking grain yield ceiling through breeding approaches for next wave of revolution in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:139-162. [PMID: 36176065 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2112648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rice is a principal food crop for more than half of the global population. Grain number and grain weight (2Gs) are the two complex traits controlled by several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and are considered the most critical components for yield enhancement in rice. Novel molecular biology and QTL mapping strategies can be utilized in dissecting the complex genetic architecture of these traits. Discovering the valuable genes/QTLs associated with 2Gs traits hidden in the rice genome and utilizing them in breeding programs may bring a revolution in rice production. Furthermore, the positional cloning and functional characterization of identified genes and QTLs may aid in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the 2Gs traits. In addition, knowledge of modern genomic tools aids the understanding of the nature of plant and panicle architecture, which enhances their photosynthetic activity. Rice researchers continue to combine important yield component traits (including 2Gs for the yield ceiling) by utilizing modern breeding tools, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS), haplotype-based breeding, and allele mining. Physical co-localization of GW7 (for grain weight) and DEP2 (for grain number) genes present on chromosome 7 revealed the possibility of simultaneous introgression of these two genes, if desirable allelic variants were found in the single donor parent. This review article will reveal the genetic nature of 2Gs traits and use this knowledge to break the yield ceiling by using different breeding and biotechnological tools, which will sustain the world's food requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Renu Khanna
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Santosh Gudi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rajvir Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Navjot Sidhu
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Yogesh Vikal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - G S Mangat
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Yoon DK, Choi I, Won YJ, Shin Y, Cheon KS, Oh H, Lee C, Lee S, Cho MH, Jun S, Kim Y, Kim SL, Baek J, Jeong H, Lyu JI, Lee GS, Kim KH, Ji H. QTL Mapping of Tiller Number in Korean Japonica Rice Varieties. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1593. [PMID: 37628644 PMCID: PMC10454613 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tiller number is an important trait associated with yield in rice. Tiller number in Korean japonica rice was analyzed under greenhouse conditions in 160 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the temperate japonica varieties Odae and Unbong40 to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs). A genetic map comprising 239 kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) and 57 cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers was constructed. qTN3, a major QTL for tiller number, was identified at 132.4 cm on chromosome 3. This QTL was also detected under field conditions in a backcross population; thus, qTN3 was stable across generations and environments. qTN3 co-located with QTLs associated with panicle number per plant and culm diameter, indicating it had pleiotropic effects. The qTN3 regions of Odae and Unbong40 differed in a known functional variant (4 bp TGTG insertion/deletion) in the 5' UTR of OsTB1, a gene underlying variation in tiller number and culm strength. Investigation of variation in genotype and tiller number revealed that varieties with the insertion genotype had lower tiller numbers than those with the reference genotype. A high-resolution melting marker was developed to enable efficient marker-assisted selection. The QTL qTN3 will therefore be useful in breeding programs developing japonica varieties with optimal tiller numbers for increased yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyung Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (H.O.); (S.L.); (M.H.C.); (S.J.); (Y.K.); (S.L.K.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (J.I.L.); (G.-S.L.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Inchan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong Jae Won
- Cheorwon Branch, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Cheorwon 24010, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yunji Shin
- Genecell Biotech Inc., Wanju 55322, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyeong-Seong Cheon
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyoja Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (H.O.); (S.L.); (M.H.C.); (S.J.); (Y.K.); (S.L.K.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (J.I.L.); (G.-S.L.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Chaewon Lee
- Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Suwon 16429, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seoyeon Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (H.O.); (S.L.); (M.H.C.); (S.J.); (Y.K.); (S.L.K.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (J.I.L.); (G.-S.L.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Mi Hyun Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (H.O.); (S.L.); (M.H.C.); (S.J.); (Y.K.); (S.L.K.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (J.I.L.); (G.-S.L.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Soojin Jun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (H.O.); (S.L.); (M.H.C.); (S.J.); (Y.K.); (S.L.K.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (J.I.L.); (G.-S.L.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Yeongtae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (H.O.); (S.L.); (M.H.C.); (S.J.); (Y.K.); (S.L.K.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (J.I.L.); (G.-S.L.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Song Lim Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (H.O.); (S.L.); (M.H.C.); (S.J.); (Y.K.); (S.L.K.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (J.I.L.); (G.-S.L.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Jeongho Baek
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (H.O.); (S.L.); (M.H.C.); (S.J.); (Y.K.); (S.L.K.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (J.I.L.); (G.-S.L.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - HwangWeon Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (H.O.); (S.L.); (M.H.C.); (S.J.); (Y.K.); (S.L.K.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (J.I.L.); (G.-S.L.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Jae Il Lyu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (H.O.); (S.L.); (M.H.C.); (S.J.); (Y.K.); (S.L.K.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (J.I.L.); (G.-S.L.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (H.O.); (S.L.); (M.H.C.); (S.J.); (Y.K.); (S.L.K.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (J.I.L.); (G.-S.L.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (H.O.); (S.L.); (M.H.C.); (S.J.); (Y.K.); (S.L.K.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (J.I.L.); (G.-S.L.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Hyeonso Ji
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (H.O.); (S.L.); (M.H.C.); (S.J.); (Y.K.); (S.L.K.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (J.I.L.); (G.-S.L.); (K.-H.K.)
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Rodríguez AA, Vilas JM, Sartore GD, Bezus R, Colazo J, Maiale SJ. Field and genetic evidence support the photosynthetic performance index (PI ABS) as an indicator of rice grain yield. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107897. [PMID: 37487369 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The rice breeding process for grain yield could be effectively enhanced by developing efficient tools that accelerate plant selection through the rapid determination of reliable predictors. In this study, we have described various associations between grain yield and photosynthetic parameters, which can be easily and quickly obtained using a non-invasive technique on the flag leaf during the anthesis stage. Among the analyzed photosynthetic parameters, the photosynthetic performance index (PIABS) stood out due to its strong association with grain yield. A genome-wide association analysis conducted on plants from a rice diversity panel at the tillering stage revealed the presence of a quantitative trait locus on chromosome 9. This locus was characterized by a group of candidate chloroplastic genes that exhibited contrasting haplotypes for PIABS. An analysis of these haplotypes revealed a clear division into two groups. One group consisted of haplotypes linked to high values of PIABS, which were predominantly associated with Japonica spp. subpopulations. The other group consisted of haplotypes linked to low values of PIABS, which were exclusively associated with Indica spp. subpopulations. Japonica spp. genotypes exhibited higher values in the yield component panicle weight compared with the Indica spp. genotypes. The findings of this study indicate that PIABS could serve as an early predictor of yield parameters during the tillering stage in rice breeding processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Alberto Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Asistencia al Mejoramiento Vegetal, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Argentina.
| | - Juan Manuel Vilas
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Asistencia al Mejoramiento Vegetal, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Argentina.
| | - Gustavo Daniel Sartore
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, 60 y 119, La Plata, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina.
| | - Rodolfo Bezus
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, 60 y 119, La Plata, Pcia. Bs. As., Argentina.
| | - José Colazo
- EEA INTA Concepción del Uruguay, Ruta 39 Km 143, Concepción del Uruguay, Pcia. de Entre Ríos, Argentina.
| | - Santiago Javier Maiale
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Asistencia al Mejoramiento Vegetal, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Argentina.
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Li J, Li Z, Li X, Tang X, Liu H, Li J, Song Y. Effects of Spraying KH 2PO 4 on Flag Leaf Physiological Characteristics and Grain Yield and Quality under Heat Stress during the Filling Period in Winter Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091801. [PMID: 37176859 PMCID: PMC10181080 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important wheat-producing areas in China, wheat is prone to heat stress during the grain filling period in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (3HP), which lowers yields and degrades the grain quality of wheat. To assess the effects of spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) on the physiological traits in flag leaves and grain yield (GY) and quality under heat stress during the filling period, we conducted a two-year field experiment in the winter wheat growing seasons of 2020-2022. In this study, spraying water combined with heat stress (HT), 0.3% KH2PO4 (KDP), and 0.3% KH2PO4 combined with heat stress (PHT) were designed, and spraying water alone was used as a control (CK). The dates for the spraying were the third and eleventh day after anthesis, and a plastic film shed was used to impose heat stress on the wheat plants during the grain filling period. The results showed that spraying KH2PO4 significantly improved the chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate (Pn) in flag leaves compared with the non-sprayed treatments. Compared with CK, the Pn in HT decreased by 8.97% after heat stress, while Pn in PHT decreased by 7.44% compared to that of KDP. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in flag leaves were significantly reduced when the wheat was subjected to heat stress, while malonaldehyde content increased, and the enzyme activities were significantly enhanced when KH2PO4 was sprayed. Heat stress significantly decreased the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation (DM) after anthesis of wheat to grain (CRAA), whereas spraying KH2PO4 significantly increased the CRAA and harvest index. At maturity, the DM in CK was significantly higher than that in HT, KDP was significantly higher than PHT, and KDP had the highest DM. Compared with CK, the GY in KDP significantly increased by 9.85% over the two years, while the GY in HT decreased by 11.44% compared with that of CK, and the GY in PHT decreased by 6.31% compared to that of KDP. Spraying KH2PO4 after anthesis primarily helped GY by maintaining a high thousand grain weight to lessen the negative effects of heat stress on wheat. Moreover, heat stress significantly reduced protein concentration, wet gluten content, dough development time, and hardness index in grains of mature, while spraying KH2PO4 maintained a sufficient grain quality under the conditions of achieving higher yields. Overall, spraying KH2PO4 after anthesis could enhance the heat stress resistance of wheat and maintain the photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves, ensuring the dry matter production and reducing the negative effects on grain yield and quality in the 3HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhongwei Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiuqiao Tang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Huilian Liu
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jincai Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Youhong Song
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Sun C, Wang Y, Yang X, Tang L, Wan C, Liu J, Chen C, Zhang H, He C, Liu C, Wang Q, Zhang K, Zhang W, Yang B, Li S, Zhu J, Sun Y, Li W, Zhou Y, Wang P, Deng X. MATE transporter GFD1 cooperates with sugar transporters, mediates carbohydrate partitioning and controls grain-filling duration, grain size and number in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:621-634. [PMID: 36495424 PMCID: PMC9946139 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
More than half of the world's food is provided by cereals, as humans obtain >60% of daily calories from grains. Producing more carbohydrates is always the final target of crop cultivation. The carbohydrate partitioning pathway directly affects grain yield, but the molecular mechanisms and biological functions are poorly understood, including rice (Oryza sativa L.), one of the most important food sources. Here, we reported a prolonged grain filling duration mutant 1 (gfd1), exhibiting a long grain-filling duration, less grain number per panicle and bigger grain size without changing grain weight. Map-based cloning and molecular biological analyses revealed that GFD1 encoded a MATE transporter and expressed high in vascular tissues of the stem, spikelet hulls and rachilla, but low in the leaf, controlling carbohydrate partitioning in the stem and grain but not in the leaf. GFD1 protein was partially localized on the plasma membrane and in the Golgi apparatus, and was finally verified to interact with two sugar transporters, OsSWEET4 and OsSUT2. Genetic analyses showed that GFD1 might control grain-filling duration through OsSWEET4, adjust grain size with OsSUT2 and synergistically modulate grain number per panicle with both OsSUT2 and OsSWEET4. Together, our work proved that the three transporters, which are all initially classified in the major facilitator superfamily family, could control starch storage in both the primary sink (grain) and temporary sink (stem), and affect carbohydrate partitioning in the whole plant through physical interaction, giving a new vision of sugar transporter interactome and providing a tool for rice yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- College of Agricultural Science, Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceXichang UniversityLiangshanChina
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chunmei Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Congping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hongshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Changcai He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chuanqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- College of Agricultural Science, Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceXichang UniversityLiangshanChina
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yongjian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Weitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yihua Zhou
- College of Agricultural Science, Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceXichang UniversityLiangshanChina
| | - Pingrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaojian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
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7
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Ma B, Zhang L, He Z. Understanding the regulation of cereal grain filling: The way forward. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:526-547. [PMID: 36648157 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During grain filling, starch and other nutrients accumulate in the endosperm; this directly determines grain yield and grain quality in crops such as rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Grain filling is a complex trait affected by both intrinsic and environmental factors, making it difficult to explore the underlying genetics, molecular regulation, and the application of these genes for breeding. With the development of powerful genetic and molecular techniques, much has been learned about the genes and molecular networks related to grain filling over the past decades. In this review, we highlight the key factors affecting grain filling, including both biological and abiotic factors. We then summarize the key genes controlling grain filling and their roles in this event, including regulators of sugar translocation and starch biosynthesis, phytohormone-related regulators, and other factors. Finally, we discuss how the current knowledge of valuable grain filling genes could be integrated with strategies for breeding cereal varieties with improved grain yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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8
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Aloryi KD, Okpala NE, Amo A, Bello SF, Akaba S, Tian X. A meta-quantitative trait loci analysis identified consensus genomic regions and candidate genes associated with grain yield in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1035851. [PMID: 36466247 PMCID: PMC9709451 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Improving grain yield potential in rice is an important step toward addressing global food security challenges. The meta-QTL analysis offers stable and robust QTLs irrespective of the genetic background of mapping populations and phenotype environment and effectively narrows confidence intervals (CI) for candidate gene (CG) mining and marker-assisted selection improvement. To achieve these aims, a comprehensive bibliographic search for grain yield traits (spikelet fertility, number of grains per panicle, panicles number per plant, and 1000-grain weight) QTLs was conducted, and 462 QTLs were retrieved from 47 independent QTL research published between 2002 and 2022. QTL projection was performed using a reference map with a cumulative length of 2,945.67 cM, and MQTL analysis was conducted on 313 QTLs. Consequently, a total of 62 MQTLs were identified with reduced mean CI (up to 3.40 fold) compared to the mean CI of original QTLs. However, 10 of these MQTLs harbored at least six of the initial QTLs from diverse genetic backgrounds and environments and were considered the most stable and robust MQTLs. Also, MQTLs were compared with GWAS studies and resulted in the identification of 16 common significant loci modulating the evaluated traits. Gene annotation, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, and RNA-seq analyses of chromosome regions of the stable MQTLs detected 52 potential CGs including those that have been cloned in previous studies. These genes encode proteins known to be involved in regulating grain yield including cytochrome P450, zinc fingers, MADs-box, AP2/ERF domain, F-box, ubiquitin ligase domain protein, homeobox domain, DEAD-box ATP domain, and U-box domain. This study provides the framework for molecular dissection of grain yield in rice. Moreover, the MQTLs and CGs identified could be useful for fine mapping, gene cloning, and marker-assisted selection to improve rice productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Dodzi Aloryi
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Nnaemeka Emmanuel Okpala
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Aduragbemi Amo
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Semiu Folaniyi Bello
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Selorm Akaba
- School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Xiaohai Tian
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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9
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Li G, Cui K, Hu Q, Wang W, Pan J, Zhang G, Shi Y, Nie L, Huang J, Peng S. Phloem Unloading in Developing Rice Caryopses and its Contribution to Non-Structural Carbohydrate Translocation from Stems and Grain Yield Formation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1510-1525. [PMID: 35946132 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phloem unloading plays an important role in photoassimilate partitioning and grain yield improvements in cereal crops. The phloem unloading strategy and its effects on photoassimilate translocation and yield formation remain unclear in rice. In this study, plasmodesmata were observed at the interface between the sieve elements (SEs) and companion cells (CCs), and between the SE-CC complex and surrounding parenchyma cells (PCs) in phloem of the dorsal vascular bundle in developing caryopses. Carboxyfluorescein (CF) signal was detected in the phloem of caryopses, which showed that CF was unloaded into caryopses. These results indicated that the SE-CC complex was symplasmically connected with adjacent PCs by plasmodesmata. Gene expression for sucrose transporter (SUT) and cell wall invertase (CWI), and OsSUT1 and OsCIN1 proteins were detected in developing caryopses, indicating that rice plants might actively unload sucrose into caryopses by the apoplasmic pathway. Among three rice recombinant inbred lines, R201 exhibited lower plasmodesmal densities at the boundaries between cell types (SE-CC, SE-PC and CC-PC) in developing caryopses than R91 and R156. R201 also had lower expression of SUT and CWI genes and lower protein levels of OsSUT1 and OsCIN1, as well as CWI activity, than R91 and R156. These data agreed with stem non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) translocation and grain yields for the three lines. The nitrogen application rate had no significant effect on plasmodesmal densities at the interfaces between different cells types, and did not affect CF unloading in the phloem of developing caryopses. Low nitrogen treatment enhanced expression levels of OsSUT and OsCIN genes in the three lines. These results suggested that nitrogen application had no substantial effect on symplasmic unloading but affected apoplasmic unloading. Therefore, we concluded that poor symplasmic and apoplasmic unloading in developing caryopses might result in low stem NSC translocation and poor grain yield formation of R201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kehui Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiuqian Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wencheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junfeng Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yange Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lixiao Nie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Tropical crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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10
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Proteometabolomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Features Associated with Grain Size and Antioxidant Properties amongst Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Seeds Genotypes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101850. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes are an essential source of nutrients that complement energy and protein requirements in the human diet. They also contribute to the intake of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, whose content can vary depending on cultivars and genotypes. We conducted a comparative proteomics and metabolomics study to determine if there were significant variations in relevant nutraceutical compounds in the five genotypes of Kabuli-type chickpea grains. We performed an isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) couple to synchronous precursor selection (SPS)-MS3 method along with a targeted and untargeted metabolomics approach based on accurate mass spectrometry. We observed an association between the overproduction of proteins involved in starch, lipid, and amino acid metabolism with gibberellin accumulation in large grains. In contrast, we visualized the over-accumulation of proteins associated with water deprivation in small grains. It was possible to visualize in small grains the over-accumulation of some phenolics such as vanillin, salicylic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside as well as the amino acid l-phenylalanine. The activated phenolic pathway was associated with the higher antioxidant capacity of small grains. Small grains consumption could be advantageous due to their nutraceutical properties.
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11
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Arriagada O, Gadaleta A, Marcotuli I, Maccaferri M, Campana M, Reveco S, Alfaro C, Matus I, Schwember AR. A comprehensive meta-QTL analysis for yield-related traits of durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grown under different water regimes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:984269. [PMID: 36147234 PMCID: PMC9486101 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress strongly affects yield-related traits in durum wheat, in particular drought is one of the main environmental factors that have effect on grain yield and plant architecture. In order to obtain new genotypes well adapted to stress conditions, the highest number of desirable traits needs to be combined in the same genotype. In this context, hundreds of quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified for yield-related traits in different genetic backgrounds and environments. Meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis is a useful approach to combine data sets and for creating consensus positions for the QTL detected in independent studies for the reliability of their location and effects. MQTL analysis is a useful method to dissect the genetic architecture of complex traits, which provide an extensive allelic coverage, a higher mapping resolution and allow the identification of putative molecular markers useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS). In the present study, a complete and comprehensive MQTL analysis was carried out to identify genomic regions associated with grain-yield related traits in durum wheat under different water regimes. A total of 724 QTL on all 14 chromosomes (genomes A and B) were collected for the 19 yield-related traits selected, of which 468 were reported under rainfed conditions, and 256 under irrigated conditions. Out of the 590 QTL projected on the consensus map, 421 were grouped into 76 MQTL associated with yield components under both irrigated and rainfed conditions, 12 genomic regions containing stable MQTL on all chromosomes except 1A, 4A, 5A, and 6B. Candidate genes associated to MQTL were identified and an in-silico expression analysis was carried out for 15 genes selected among those that were differentially expressed under drought. These results can be used to increase durum wheat grain yields under different water regimes and to obtain new genotypes adapted to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvin Arriagada
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agata Gadaleta
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marcotuli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Maccaferri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Campana
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Samantha Reveco
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Alfaro
- Centro Regional Rayentue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Rengo, Chile
| | - Iván Matus
- Centro Regional Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Chillán, Chile
| | - Andrés R. Schwember
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Andrés R. Schwember,
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12
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Puig ML, Rodríguez AA, Vidal AA, Bezus R, Maiale SJ. Patterns of physiological parameters and nitrogen partitioning in flag leaf explain differential grain protein content in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:457-464. [PMID: 34717177 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The grain protein content (GPC) in rice is low, and more efforts with agronomic and molecular approaches were performed to increase them. However, the rice research focusing on the plant physiological behaviour that modulates the phenomenon of grain protein filling is very scarce. This work contains physiological parameters related to photosynthetic activity in the flag leaf in the grain filling period and N partitioning assays of high (Nutriar) and traditional (Camba) GPC cultivars. Results indicated a higher photosynthetic capacity, a better capacity to provide CO2 to the chloroplast and a healthier PSII structure in Camba relative to Nutriar. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased more steeply over time in the high protein variety, and a strong negative correlation was observed between GPC and PSII structure parameters. N content in the flag leaf at anthesis showed lower values and higher remobilisation during the grain filling period in Nutriar compared to Camba. The results of this work suggested that the inactivation of some PSII structures in higher GPC cultivars is associated with N remobilisation and would contribute to an increase in the free N available to be translocated to the grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lucrecia Puig
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Int. Marino Km 8, Chascomús, CP:7130, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Alberto Rodríguez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Int. Marino Km 8, Chascomús, CP:7130, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfonso Andrés Vidal
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, 60 y 119, La Plata, CP:1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Bezus
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, 60 y 119, La Plata, CP:1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Javier Maiale
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Int. Marino Km 8, Chascomús, CP:7130, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Wang G, Li X, Li Y, Ye N, Li H, Zhang J. Comprehensive epigenome and transcriptome analysis of carbon reserve remobilization in indica and japonica rice stems under moderate soil drying. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1384-1398. [PMID: 33130853 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Moderate soil drying (MD) imposed at the post-anthesis stage significantly improves carbon reserve remobilization in rice stems, increasing grain yield. However, the methylome and transcriptome profiles of carbon reserve remobilization under MD are obscure in indica and japonica rice stems. Here, we generated whole-genome single-base resolution maps of the DNA methylome in indica and japonica rice stems. DNA methylation levels were higher in indica than in japonica and positively correlated with genome size. MD treatment had a weak impact on the changes in methylation levels in indica. Moreover, the number of differentially methylated regions was much lower in indica, indicating the existence of cultivar-specific methylation patterns in response to MD during grain filling. The gene encoding β-glucosidase 1, involved in the starch degradation process, was hypomethylated and up-regulated in indica, resulting in improved starch to sucrose conversion under MD treatment. Additionally, increased expression of MYBS1 transactivated the expression of AMYC2/OsAMY2A in both indica and japonica, leading to enhanced starch degradation under MD. In contrast, down-regulated expression of MYB30 resulted in increased expression of BMY5 in both cultivars. Our findings decode the dynamics of DNA methylation in indica and japonica rice stems and propose candidate genes for improving carbon reserve remobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Wang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaozheng Li
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Nenghui Ye
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Haoxuan Li
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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14
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Jang S, Shim S, Lee YK, Lee D, Koh HJ. Major QTLs, qARO1 and qARO9, Additively Regulate Adaxial Leaf Rolling in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:626523. [PMID: 33708231 PMCID: PMC7940999 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.626523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Moderate leaf rolling is considered optimal for the ideal plant type in rice (Oryza sativa L.), as it improves photosynthetic efficiency and, consequently, grain yield. Determining the genetic basis of leaf rolling via the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) could facilitate the development of high-yielding varieties. In this study, we identified three stable rice QTLs, qARO1, qARO5, and qARO9, which control adaxial leaf rolling in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Tong 88-7 (T887) and Milyang 23 (M23), using high-density SNP markers. These QTLs controlled the rolling phenotype of both the flag leaf (FL) and secondary leaf (SL), and different allelic combinations of these QTLs led to a wide variation in the degree of leaf rolling. Additive gene actions of qARO1 and qARO9 on leaf rolling were observed in a backcross population. In addition, qARO1 (markers: 01id4854718 and 01asp4916781) and qARO9 (markers: 09id19650402 and 09id19740436) were successfully fine-mapped to approximately 60- and 90-kb intervals on chromosomes 1 and 9, respectively. Histological analysis of near-isogenic lines (NILs) revealed that qARO1 influences leaf thickness across the small vein, and qARO9 affects leaf thickness in the entire leaf and bulliform cell area, thus leading to adaxial leaf rolling. The results of this study advance our understanding of the genetic and molecular bases of adaxial leaf rolling, and this information can be used for the development of rice varieties with the ideal plant type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jang
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangrea Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongryung Lee
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hee-Jong Koh
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Ouyang N, Sun X, Tan Y, Sun Z, Yu D, Liu H, Liu C, Liu L, Jin L, Zhao B, Yuan D, Duan M. Senescence-Specific Expression of RAmy1A Accelerates Non-structural Carbohydrate Remobilization and Grain Filling in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:647574. [PMID: 33986763 PMCID: PMC8111089 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.647574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Remobilization of pre-anthesis NSCs (non-structural carbohydrates) is significant for effective grain filling in rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, abundant starch particles as an important component of NSCs are still present in the leaf sheath and stem at the late stage of grain filling. There are no studies on how bioengineering techniques can be used to improve the efficiency of NSC remobilization. In this study, RAmy1A was expressed under the senescence-specific promoter of SAG12, which was designed to degrade starch in the leaf sheath and stem during grain filling. RAmy1A mRNA successfully accumulated in the leaf, stem, and sheath of transgenic plants after anthesis. At the same time, the starch and total soluble sugar content in the leaf, stem, and leaf sheath were obviously decreased during the grain-filling period. The photosynthetic rate of transgenic lines was higher than that of the wild types by an average of 4.0 and 9.9%, at 5 and 10 days after flowering, respectively. In addition, the grain-filling rate of transgenic lines was faster than that of the wild types by an average of 26.09%. These results indicate an enhanced transport efficiency of NSCs from source tissues in transgenic rice. Transgenic rice also displayed accelerated leaf senescence, which was hypothesized to contribute to decreased grain weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ouyang
- Longping Branch of Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuewu Sun
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Yanning Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Zhizhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Dong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Citao Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Longping Branch of Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Jin
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingran Zhao
- Longping Branch of Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Dingyang Yuan
- Longping Branch of Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
- Dingyang Yuan
| | - Meijuan Duan
- Longping Branch of Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Meijuan Duan
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Liu Y, Zhu X, He X, Li C, Chang T, Chang S, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Scheduling of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing during panicle differentiation to improve grain yield of rice with a long growth duration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15197. [PMID: 32938952 PMCID: PMC7495437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Topdressing at panicle differentiation (PF) according to soil fertility and regularity of rice nutrient absorption is an important agronomic practice used in cultivation of rice cultivars with a long growth duration. We studied the impacts of timing of nitrogen fertilizer application during PF on photosynthesis and yield-related agronomic traits in ‘Y-Liang-You 900’ and ‘Y-Liang-You 6’, which are representative rice cultivars with a long growth duration. Data for two years showed that timing of topdressing application during PF affected panicles per unit area, percentage grain set, spikelets per panicle, and leaf photosynthetic traits during the grain-filling period. Topdressing at the initial stage of flag-leaf extension resulted in higher grain yield (typically by 10.55–19.95%) than in plants without topdressing. Grain yield was significantly correlated with flag leaf photosynthetic rate and leaf SPAD value (r = 0.5640 and r = 0.5589, respectively; p < 0.01) at an advanced grain-filling stage (30 days after heading). Surprisingly, grain yield was not correlated with carbohydrate remobilization from the stem and sheath. For rice cultivars with a long growth duration, nitrogen-fertilizer topdressing must be applied at the initial stage of flag-leaf extension to delay leaf senescence during the grain-filling stage and realize the enhanced yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops (CICGO), Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,Hunan Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xinguang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaoe He
- Hunan Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Chao Li
- Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Tiangen Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shuoqi Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops (CICGO), Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
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Effects of Gibberellin (GA 4+7) in Grain Filling, Hormonal Behavior, and Antioxidants in High-Density Maize ( Zea mays L.). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080978. [PMID: 32752115 PMCID: PMC7465664 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dense plant cultivation is an efficient approach to improve maize production by maximizing the utilization of energy and nutrients. However, dense plant populations may aggravate the abortion rate of young grains, resulting in fewer kernels per ear. The rate and duration of grain-filling play decisive roles in maize grain yield. Therefore, to increase plant density, enhancing the grain-filling rate, extending the growth period of individual maize plants and regulating crop senescence would be the first priority. In this study, we examined the regulatory effects of GA4+7 under two application methods: shanks and silks were moistened by cotton full with GA4+7 solution at concentrations of 0, 10, 60, and 120 mg L-1. The results showed that GA4+7 improved the grain-filling rate by increasing the content of auxin, gibberellin, zeatin, and abscisic acid in grains compared to control plants. In addition, the auxin, gibberellin, and zeatin contents in the grains were positively and significantly correlated with the maximum grain weight and the maximum and mean grain-filling rates. Moreover, GA4+7 increased the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalases, and peroxidases and reduced the malondialdehyde content in leaves compared with untreated plants. At the concentration of 60 mg L-1, GA4+7 showed the greatest effect on shank and silk applications (Sh-60 and Si-60) followed by 10 mg L-1 (Sh-10) for shank treatment and 120 mg L-1 (Si-120) for silk treatment. Our results suggest that a concentration of 60 mg L-1 GA4+7 for shank and silk application may be efficiently used for changing the level of hormones in grains and antioxidant enzymes in ear leaves, which may be useful for enhancing grain-filling rate and delaying leaf senescence, resulting in an increase in maize grain yield.
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Assessment of Genetic Heritability in Rice Breeding Lines Based on Morphological Traits and Caryopsis Ultrastructure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7830. [PMID: 32385288 PMCID: PMC7210993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L) is a most important staple food crop of the world because more than half of the World’s population is dependent on it for their livelihood. Global rice production must be doubled by 2050 to cope up with the situation of population growth. Narrow genetic base in the released varieties has made the improvement in plateaus. Widening the genetic base is necessary to overcome the yield barrier. Hybridization and pre-breeding has been carried out to broaden the genetic base. Heritability and genetic advances were measured in the F5 lines (Tulaipanji × IR64), F3 lines (Tulaipanji × IR64 × PB1460), and F3 lines (Badshabhog × Swarna sub1). Some of the breeding lines were showing promising field performance with high yield potentiality. Wide crosses were performed to widen the genetic base between (Ranjit × O. rufipogon) and (Badshabhog × O. rufipogon) and the heritability pattern of the morphological characteristics in the progeny lines was evaluated. Nutritional quality of the rice grain is totally dependent on the morphology and histological characteristics of the caryopsis which are genetically determined. Caryopses ultrastructural analyses were carried out in seventeen different rice breeding lines through SEM. SEM analysis showed distinguishing ultrastructure in respect to pericarp, testa, aleurone layer, protein bodies and starchy endosperm in the breeding lines with distinctive inheritance pattern. This study provides information about the cross compatibility of the wide hybridization and heritability measures of the morphological traits which may supplement the breeding program to break the yield plateaus.
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Wang G, Li H, Gong Y, Yang J, Yi Y, Zhang J, Ye N. Expression profile of the carbon reserve remobilization from the source to sink in rice in response to soil drying during grain filling. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Wang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China College of Agriculture Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China
- Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Haoxuan Li
- Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Yulong Gong
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Yake Yi
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China College of Agriculture Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Nenghui Ye
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China College of Agriculture Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China
- Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong
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20
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Wang G, Li H, Wang K, Yang J, Duan M, Zhang J, Ye N. Regulation of gene expression involved in the remobilization of rice straw carbon reserves results from moderate soil drying during grain filling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:604-618. [PMID: 31621135 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon reserves in rice straw before flowering contribute greatly to grain filling. Moderate soil drying imposed at the post-anthesis stage significantly promotes carbon reserve remobilization in straws of rice, but the regulation of this process at the proteomic and transcriptomic level remains poorly understood. In this study, we applied moderate soil drying (MD) to rice at the post-anthesis stage, which was followed by dynamic proteomic and transcriptomic studies using SWATH-MS and RNA-seq analysis. MD treatment upregulated the proteins alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase and starch phosphorylase, which are responsible for starch degradation. Furthermore, MD treatment enhanced the expression of proteins involved in the sucrose synthesis pathway, including SPS8 and SPP1. In addition, various monosaccharide transporters (MSTs) and sucrose transporter 2 (SUT2), which are pivotal in carbon reserve remobilization, were also upregulated in straw by MD treatment. Differentially expressed transcription factors, including GRAS, TCP, trihelix, TALE, C3H, and NF-YC, were predicted to interact with other proteins to mediate carbon reserve remobilization in response to MD treatment. Further correlation analysis revealed that the abundances of most of the differentially expressed proteins were not correlated with the corresponding transcript levels, indicating that the carbon reserve remobilization process was probably regulated by posttranscriptional modification. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of carbon reserve remobilization from straw to grain in rice under MD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Wang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haoxuan Li
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Meijuan Duan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nenghui Ye
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Yin S, Li P, Xu Y, Liu J, Yang T, Wei J, Xu S, Yu J, Fang H, Xue L, Hao D, Yang Z, Xu C. Genetic and genomic analysis of the seed-filling process in maize based on a logistic model. Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 124:122-134. [PMID: 31358987 PMCID: PMC6906428 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-019-0251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed filling is a dynamic process that determines seed size and nutritional quality. This time-dependent trait follows a logistic (S-shaped) growth curve that can be described by a logistic function, with parameters of biological relevance. When compared between genotypes, the filling dynamics variations are explained by the differences of parameter values; as such, the parameter estimates can be considered as “traits” for genetic analysis to identify loci that are associated with the seed-filling process. We carried out genetic and genomic analysis of the seed-filling process in maize, using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the two inbred lines with contrasting seed-filling dynamics. We recorded seed dry weight at 14 time points after pollination, spanning the early filling phases to the late maturation stages. Fitting these data to a logistic model allowed for estimating 12 characteristic parameters that can be used to meaningfully describe the seed-filling process. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of these parameters identified a total of 90 nonredundant loci. Using bulked segregant RNA-sequencing (BSR-seq) analysis, we identified eight genes that showed differential gene expression patterns at multiple time points between the extreme pools, and these genes co-localize with the mapped QTL regions. Two of the eight genes, GRMZM2G391936 and GRMZM2G008263, are implicated in starch and sucrose metabolism, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites that are well known for playing a vital role in seed filling. This study suggests that the logistic model-based approach can efficiently identify genetic loci that regulate dynamic developing traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyi Yin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Fang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Xue
- Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 226541, Nantong, China
| | - Derong Hao
- Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 226541, Nantong, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Chenwu Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China.
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22
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Chen L, Bian J, Shi S, Yu J, Khanzada H, Wassan GM, Zhu C, Luo X, Tong S, Yang X, Peng X, Yong S, Yu Q, He X, Fu J, Chen X, Hu L, Ouyang L, He H. Genetic analysis for the grain number heterosis of a super-hybrid rice WFYT025 combination using RNA-Seq. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:37. [PMID: 29904811 PMCID: PMC6003258 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the great contributions of utilizing heterosis to crop productivity worldwide, the molecular mechanism of heterosis remains largely unexplored. Thus, the present research is focused on the grain number heterosis of a widely used late-cropping indica super hybrid rice combination in China using a high-throughput next-generation RNA-seq strategy. RESULTS Here, we obtained 872 million clean reads, and at least one read could maps 27,917 transcripts out of 35,679 annotations. Transcript differential expression analysis revealed a total of 5910 differentially expressed genes (DGHP) between super-hybrid rice Wufengyou T025 (WFYT025) and its parents were identified in the young panicles. Out of the 5910 DGHP, 63.1% had a genetic action mode of over-dominance, 17.3% had a complete-dominance action, 15.6% had a partial-dominance action and 4.0% had an additive action. DGHP were significantly enriched in carotenoid biosynthesis, diterpenoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction pathways, with the key genes involved in the three pathways being up-regulated in the hybrid. By comparing the DGHP enriched in the KEGG pathway with QTLs associated with grain number, several DGHP were located on the same chromosomal segment with some of these grain number QTLs. CONCLUSION Through young panicle development transcriptome analysis, we conclude that the over-dominant effect is probably the major contributor to the grain number heterosis of WFYT025. The DGHP sharing the same location with grain number QTLs could be considered a candidate gene and provide valuable targets for the cloning and functional analysis of these grain number QTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Jianmin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, China
| | - Shilai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Hira Khanzada
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Wassan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Changlan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Shan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Xiaosong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Yong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Qiuying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Xiaopeng He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Junru Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Lifang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, China
| | - Linjuan Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, China
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Kulwal PL. Trait Mapping Approaches Through Linkage Mapping in Plants. PLANT GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 164:53-82. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Identification of putative markers linked to grain plumpness in rice (Oryza sativa L.) via association mapping. BMC Genet 2017; 18:89. [PMID: 29025391 PMCID: PMC5639755 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor grain plumpness (GP) is one of the main constraints to reaching the yield potential of hybrid rice. RESULTS In this study, the GP of 177 rice varieties was investigated in three locations across 2 years. By combining the genotype data of 261 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, association mapping was conducted to identify the marker-GP association loci. Among 31 marker-GP association loci detected in two or more environments and determined using general linear model (GLM) analyses, seven association loci were also detected using mixed linear model (MLM) analyses. The seven common loci detected by the two analytical methods were located on chromosomes 2, 3 (2), 7, 8 and 12 (2) and explained 7.24~22.28% of the variance. Of these 7 association loci, five markers linked to GP were newly detected: RM5340 on Chr2, RM5480 and RM148 on Chr3, RM1235 on Chr8, and RM5479 on Chr12. CONCLUSIONS Five marker-GP association loci were newly detected using both the GLM and MLM analytical methods. Elite allele RM505-170 bp had the highest average phenotypic effect on increasing the GP, and the typical carrier variety was 'Maozitou'. Based on the distribution of the elite alleles among the carrier varieties, the top 10 parental combinations for improving the GP in rice via cross-breeding were predicted.
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25
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Li G, Pan J, Cui K, Yuan M, Hu Q, Wang W, Mohapatra PK, Nie L, Huang J, Peng S. Limitation of Unloading in the Developing Grains Is a Possible Cause Responsible for Low Stem Non-structural Carbohydrate Translocation and Poor Grain Yield Formation in Rice through Verification of Recombinant Inbred Lines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1369. [PMID: 28848573 PMCID: PMC5550689 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Remobilisation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) from leaves and stems and unloading into developing grains are essential for yield formation of rice. In present study, three recombinant inbred lines of rice, R91, R156 and R201 have been tested for source-flow-sink related attributes determining the nature of NSC accumulation and translocation at two nitrogen levels in the field. Compared to R91 and R156, R201 had lower grain filling percentage, harvest index, and grain yield. Meanwhile, R201 had significantly lower stem NSC translocation during grain filling stage. Grain filling percentage, harvest index, and grain yield showed the consistent trend with stem NSC translocation among the three lines. In comparison with R91 and R156, R201 had similarity in leaf area index, specific leaf weight, stem NSC concentration at heading, biomass, panicles m-2, spikelets per panicle, remobilization capability of assimilation in stems, sink capacity, sink activity, number and cross sectional area of small vascular bundles, greater number and cross sectional area of large vascular bundles, and higher SPAD, suggesting that source, flow, and sink were not the limiting factors for low stem NSC translocation and grain filling percentage of R201. However, R201 had significant higher stem and rachis NSC concentrations at maturity, which implied that unloading in the developing grains might result in low NSC translocation in R201. The results indicate that stem NSC translocation could be beneficial for enhancement of grain yield potential, and poor unloading into caryopsis may be the possible cause of low stem NSC translocation, poor grain filling and yield formation in R201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Junfeng Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Kehui Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation for Grain IndustryJinzhou, China
| | - Musong Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Qiuqian Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Wencheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | | | - Lixiao Nie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation for Grain IndustryJinzhou, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation for Grain IndustryJinzhou, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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Wang GQ, Hao SS, Gao B, Chen MX, Liu YG, Yang JC, Ye NH, Zhang JH. Regulation of Gene Expression in the Remobilization of Carbon Reserves in Rice Stems During Grain Filling. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1391-1404. [PMID: 28575477 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon reserves in rice straw (stem and sheath) before flowering contribute to a significant portion of grain filling. However, the molecular mechanism of carbon reserve remobilization from straw to grains remains unclear. In this study, super rice LYP9 and conventional rice 9311 showed different carbon reserve remobilization behaviors. The transcriptomic profiles of straws of LYP9 and 9311 were analyzed at three stages of grain filling. Among the differentially expressed genes (DGs), 5,733 genes were uniquely up- or down-regulated at 30 days after anthesis (DAA) between LYP9 and 9311 in comparison with 681 at 10 DAA and 495 at 20 DAA, suggesting that the gene expression profile of LYP9 was very different from that of 9311 at the late stage of grain filling. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) classification of DGs both showed that the carbohydrate catabolic pathway, plant hormone signal transduction and photosynthesis pathway were enriched in DGs, suggesting their roles in carbon reserve remobilization, which explains to a certain extent the difference in non-structural carbohydrate content, photosynthesis and ABA content between the two cultivars during grain filling. Further comparative analysis and confirmation by quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme assays suggest that genes involved in trehalose synthesis (trehalose-phosphate phosphatase and trehalose 6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase), starch degradation (β-amylase) and sucrose synthesis (sucrose-phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase) were important for carbon reserve remobilization, whereas ABA content was determined by the counteraction of NCED1 and ABA8ox1 genes. The higher expression level of all these genes and ABA content in 9311 resulted in better efficiency of carbon reserve remobilization in 9311 than in LYP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Qun Wang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Shuai-Shuai Hao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Gao
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ying-Gao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Chang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Neng-Hui Ye
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Wei X, Jiao G, Lin H, Sheng Z, Shao G, Xie L, Tang S, Xu Q, Hu P. GRAIN INCOMPLETE FILLING 2 regulates grain filling and starch synthesis during rice caryopsis development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:134-153. [PMID: 27957808 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rice grain filling determines grain weight, final yield and grain quality. Here, a rice defective grain filling mutant, gif2, was identified. Grains of gif2 showed a slower filling rate and a significant lower final grain weight and yield compared to wild-type. The starch content in gif2 was noticeably decreased and its physicochemical properties were also altered. Moreover, gif2 endosperm cells showed obvious defects in compound granule formation. Positional cloning identified GIF2 to encode an ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) large subunit, AGPL2; consequently, AGP enzyme activity in gif2 endosperms was remarkably decreased. GIF2 is mainly expressed in developing grains and the coded protein localizes in the cytosol. Yeast two hybrid assay showed that GIF2 interacted with AGP small subunits OsAGPS1, OsAGPS2a and OsAGPS2b. Transcript levels for granule-bound starch synthase, starch synthase, starch branching enzyme and starch debranching enzyme were distinctly elevated in gif2 grains. In addition, the level of nucleotide diversity of the GIF2 locus was extremely low in both cultivated and wild rice. All of these results suggest that GIF2 plays important roles in the regulation of grain filling and starch biosynthesis during caryopsis development, and that it has been preserved during selection throughout domestication of modern rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Agricultural Genomes Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lihong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qingguo Xu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Matsubara K, Yamamoto E, Kobayashi N, Ishii T, Tanaka J, Tsunematsu H, Yoshinaga S, Matsumura O, Yonemaru JI, Mizobuchi R, Yamamoto T, Kato H, Yano M. Improvement of Rice Biomass Yield through QTL-Based Selection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151830. [PMID: 26986071 PMCID: PMC4795639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important breeding target, yet it is not easy to improve because the trait is complex and phenotyping is laborious. Using progeny derived from a cross between two high-yielding Japanese cultivars, we evaluated whether quantitative trait locus (QTL)-based selection can improve biomass yield. As a measure of biomass yield, we used plant weight (aboveground parts only), which included grain weight and stem and leaf weight. We measured these and related traits in recombinant inbred lines. Phenotypic values for these traits showed a continuous distribution with transgressive segregation, suggesting that selection can affect plant weight in the progeny. Four significant QTLs were mapped for plant weight, three for grain weight, and five for stem and leaf weight (at α = 0.05); some of them overlapped. Multiple regression analysis showed that about 43% of the phenotypic variance of plant weight was significantly explained (P < 0.0001) by six of the QTLs. From F2 plants derived from the same parental cross as the recombinant inbred lines, we divergently selected lines that carried alleles with positive or negative additive effects at these QTLs, and performed successive selfing. In the resulting F6 lines and parents, plant weight significantly differed among the genotypes (at α = 0.05). These results demonstrate that QTL-based selection is effective in improving rice biomass yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Matsubara
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8518, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Eiji Yamamoto
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8602, Japan
| | - Nobuya Kobayashi
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8518, Japan
| | - Takuro Ishii
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8518, Japan
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8518, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Jun-ichi Yonemaru
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8602, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Mizobuchi
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8602, Japan
| | - Toshio Yamamoto
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kato
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8518, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yano
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8518, Japan
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Yang D, Li M, Liu Y, Chang L, Cheng H, Chen J, Chai S. Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci and Water Environmental Interactions for Developmental Behaviors of Leaf Greenness in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:273. [PMID: 27014298 PMCID: PMC4782216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of leaf greenness in wheat, highly responsible for yield potential and resistance to drought stress, has been proved to be quantitatively inherited and susceptible to interact with environments by traditional genetic analysis. In order to further dissect the developmental genetic behaviors of flag leaf greenness under terminal drought, unconditional and conditional QTL mapping strategies were performed with a mixed linear model in 120 F8-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from two Chinese common wheat cultivars (Longjian 19 × Q9086) in different water environments. A total of 65 additive QTLs (A-QTLs) and 42 pairs of epistatic QTLs (AA-QTLs) were identified as distribution on almost all 21 chromosomes except 5A, explaining from 0.24 to 3.29 % of the phenotypic variation. Of these, 22 A-QTLs and 25 pairs of AA-QTLs were common in two sets of mapping methods but the others differed. These putative QTLs were essentially characteristic of time- and environmentally-dependent expression patterns. Indeed some loci were expressed at two or more stages, while no single QTL was continually active through whole measuring duration. More loci were detected in early growth periods but most of QTL × water environment interactions (QEIs) happened in mid-anaphase, where drought stress was more conducted with negative regulation on QTL expressions. Compared to other genetic components, epistatic effects and additive QEIs effects could be predominant in regulating phenotypic variations during the ontogeny of leaf greenness. Several QTL cluster regions were suggestive of tight linkage or expression pleiotropy in the inheritance of these traits. Some reproducibly-expressed QTLs or common loci consistent with previously detected would be useful to the genetic improvement of staygreen types in wheat through MAS, especially in water-deficit environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Yang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/School of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/School of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/School of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Lei Chang
- School of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Cheng
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/School of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/School of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Shouxi Chai
- School of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
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Zhang Z, Wu X, Shi C, Wang R, Li S, Wang Z, Liu Z, Xue Y, Tang G, Tang J. Genetic dissection of the maize kernel development process via conditional QTL mapping for three developing kernel-related traits in an immortalized F2 population. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 291:437-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wang X, Wang H, Long Y, Liu L, Zhao Y, Tian J, Zhao W, Li B, Chen L, Chao H, Li M. Dynamic and comparative QTL analysis for plant height in different developmental stages of Brassica napus L. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2015; 128:1175-92. [PMID: 25796183 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a dynamic QTL analysis for plant height at various stages using a large doubled haploid population and performs a QTL comparison between different populations in Brassica napus. Plant height (PH) not only plays an important role in determining plant architecture, but is also an important character related to yield. The process of determining PH occurs through a series of steps; however, no studies have focused on developmental behavior factors affecting PH in Brassica napus. In the present study, KN DH, a large doubled haploid population containing 348 lines was used for a dynamic quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for PH in six experiments. In all, 20 QTLs were identified at maturity, whereas 50 QTLs were detected by conditional m apping method and the same number was identified by unconditional mapping strategies. Interestingly, five unconditional QTLs ucPH.A2-2, ucPH.A3-2, ucPH.C5-1, ucPH.C6-2 and ucPH.C6-3 were identified that were consistent over the all growth stages of one or two particular experiments, and one conditional QTL cPH.A2-3 was expressed throughout the entire growth process in one experiment. A total of 70 QTLs were obtained after combining QTLs identified at maturity, by conditional and unconditional mapping strategies, in which 25 showed opposite genetic effects in different periods/stages and experiments. A consensus map containing 1357 markers was constructed to compare QTLs identified in the KN population with five previously mapped populations. Alignment of the QTLs detected in different populations onto the consensus map showed that 27 were repeatedly detected in different genetic backgrounds. These findings will enhance our understanding of the genetic control of PH regulation in B. napus, and will be useful for rapeseed genetic manipulation through molecular marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Physics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Time-course association mapping of the grain-filling rate in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119959. [PMID: 25789629 PMCID: PMC4366047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting quantity trait locus (QTLs) and elite alleles that are associated with grain-filling rate (GFR) in rice is essential for promoting the utilization of hybrid japonica rice and improving rice yield. Ninety-five varieties including 58 landraces and 37 elite varieties from the core germplasm collection were genotyped with 263 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The GFR of the 95 varieties was evaluated at five stages, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after flowering (DAF) both in 2011 and 2012. We found abundant phenotypic and genetic diversity in the studied population. A population structure analysis identified seven subpopulations. A linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis indicated that the levels of LD ranged from 60.3 cM to 84.8 cM and artificial selection had enhanced the LD. A time-course association analysis detected 31 marker-GFR associations involving 24 SSR markers located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 12 of rice at five stages. The elite alleles for high GFR at each stage were detected. Fifteen excellent parental combinations were predicted, and the best parental combination ‘Nannongjing62401×Laolaihong’ could theoretically increase 4.086 mg grain-1 d-1 at the five stages. Our results demonstrate that the time-course association mapping for GFR in rice could detect elite alleles at different filling stages and that these elite alleles could be used to improve the GFR via pyramiding breeding.
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Li W, Zhang B, Li R, Chang X, Jing R. Favorable alleles for stem water-soluble carbohydrates identified by association analysis contribute to grain weight under drought stress conditions in wheat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119438. [PMID: 25768726 PMCID: PMC4358973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental constraint to crop distribution and productivity. Stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) buffer wheat grain yield against conditions unfavorable for photosynthesis during the grain filling stage. In this study, 262 winter wheat accessions and 209 genome-wide SSR markers were collected and used to undertake association analysis based on a mixed linear model (MLM). The WSC in different internodes at three growth stages and 1000-grain weight (TGW) were investigated under four environmental regimes (well-watered, drought stress during the whole growth period, and two levels of terminal drought stress imposed by chemical desiccation under the well-watered and drought stress during the whole growth period conditions). Under diverse drought stress conditions, WSC in lower internodes showed significant positive correlations with TGW, especially at the flowering stage under well-watered conditions and at grain filling under drought stress. Sixteen novel WSC-favorable alleles were identified, and five of them contributed to significantly higher TGW. In addition, pyramiding WSC favorable alleles was not only effective for obtaining accessions with higher WSC, but also for enhancing TGW under different water regimes. During the past fifty years of wheat breeding, WSC was selected incidentally. The average number of favorable WSC alleles increased from 1.13 in the pre-1960 period to 4.41 in the post-2000 period. The results indicate a high potential for using marker-assisted selection to pyramid WSC favorable alleles in improving WSC and TGW in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement / Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Agronomy College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement / Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- Agronomy College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiaoping Chang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement / Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement / Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhao S, Zheng F, He W, Wu H, Pan S, Lam HM. Impacts of nucleotide fixation during soybean domestication and improvement. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:81. [PMID: 25849896 PMCID: PMC4358728 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant domestication involves complex morphological and physiological modification of wild species to meet human needs. Artificial selection during soybean domestication and improvement results in substantial phenotypic divergence between wild and cultivated soybeans. Strong selective pressure on beneficial phenotypes could cause nucleotide fixations in the founder population of soybean cultivars in quite a short time. RESULTS Analysis of available sequencing accessions estimates that ~5.3 million single nucleotide variations reach saturation in cultivars, and then ~9.8 million in soybean germplasm. Selective sweeps defined by loss of genetic diversity reveal 2,255 and 1,051 genes were involved in domestication and subsequent improvement, respectively. Both processes introduced ~0.1 million nucleotide fixations, which contributed to the divergence of wild and cultivated soybeans. Meta-analysis of reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) and selective signals with nucleotide fixation identifies a series of putative candidate genes responsible for 13 agronomically important traits. Nucleotide fixation mediated by artificial selection affected diverse molecular functions and biological reactions that associated with soybean morphological and physiological changes. Of them, plant-pathogen interactions are of particular relevance as selective nucleotide fixations happened in disease resistance genes, cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels and terpene synthases. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis provides insights into the impacts of nucleotide fixation during soybean domestication and improvement, which would facilitate future QTL mapping and molecular breeding practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shancen Zhao
- />Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
- />BGI-Shenzhen, Main Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Fengya Zheng
- />Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Weiming He
- />BGI-Shenzhen, Main Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Haiyang Wu
- />BGI-Shenzhen, Main Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Shengkai Pan
- />Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- />Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Liu L, Lai Y, Cheng J, Wang L, Du W, Wang Z, Zhang H. Dynamic quantitative trait locus analysis of seed vigor at three maturity stages in rice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115732. [PMID: 25536503 PMCID: PMC4275237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed vigor is an important characteristic of seed quality. In this study, one rice population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was used to determine the genetic characteristics of seed vigor, including the germination potential, germination rate, germination index and time for 50% of germination, at 4 (early), 5 (middle) and 6 weeks (late) after heading in two years. A total of 24 additive and 9 epistatic quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed vigor were identified using QTL Cartographer and QTLNetwork program respectively in 2012; while 32 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with seed vigor were detected using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) in 2013. The additive, epistatic and QTL × development interaction effects regulated the dry maturity developmental process to improve seed vigor in rice. The phenotypic variation explained by each additive, epistatic QTL and QTL × development interaction ranged from 5.86 to 40.67%, 4.64 to 11.28% and 0.01 to 1.17%, respectively. The QTLs were rarely co-localized among the different maturity stages; more QTLs were expressed at the early maturity stage followed by the late and middle stages. Twenty additive QTLs were stably expressed in two years which might play important roles in establishment of seed vigor in different environments. By comparing chromosomal positions of these stably expressed additive QTLs with those previously identified, the regions of QTL for seed vigor are likely to coincide with QTL for grain size, low temperature germinability and seed dormancy; while 5 additive QTL might represent novel genes. Using four selected RILs, three cross combinations of seed vigor for the development of RIL populations were predicted; 19 elite alleles could be pyramided by each combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfeng Liu
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yanyan Lai
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenli Du
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhoufei Wang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China
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36
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Zhang Z, Liu Z, Hu Y, Li W, Fu Z, Ding D, Li H, Qiao M, Tang J. QTL analysis of Kernel-related traits in maize using an immortalized F2 population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89645. [PMID: 24586932 PMCID: PMC3938492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kernel size and weight are important determinants of grain yield in maize. In this study, multivariate conditional and unconditional quantitative trait loci (QTL), and digenic epistatic analyses were utilized in order to elucidate the genetic basis for these kernel-related traits. Five kernel-related traits, including kernel weight (KW), volume (KV), length (KL), thickness (KT), and width (KWI), were collected from an immortalized F2 (IF2) maize population comprising of 243 crosses performed at two separate locations over a span of two years. A total of 54 unconditional main QTL for these five kernel-related traits were identified, many of which were clustered in chromosomal bins 6.04-6.06, 7.02-7.03, and 10.06-10.07. In addition, qKL3, qKWI6, qKV10a, qKV10b, qKW10a, and qKW7a were detected across multiple environments. Sixteen main QTL were identified for KW conditioned on the other four kernel traits (KL, KWI, KT, and KV). Thirteen main QTL were identified for KV conditioned on three kernel-shape traits. Conditional mapping analysis revealed that KWI and KV had the strongest influence on KW at the individual QTL level, followed by KT, and then KL; KV was mostly strongly influenced by KT, followed by KWI, and was least impacted by KL. Digenic epistatic analysis identified 18 digenic interactions involving 34 loci over the entire genome. However, only a small proportion of them were identical to the main QTL we detected. Additionally, conditional digenic epistatic analysis revealed that the digenic epistasis for KW and KV were entirely determined by their constituent traits. The main QTL identified in this study for determining kernel-related traits with high broad-sense heritability may play important roles during kernel development. Furthermore, digenic interactions were shown to exert relatively large effects on KL (the highest AA and DD effects were 4.6% and 6.7%, respectively) and KT (the highest AA effects were 4.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhui Zhang
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Liu
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Hu
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihua Li
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Ding
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haochuan Li
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Qiao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jihua Tang
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Fujita D, Trijatmiko KR, Tagle AG, Sapasap MV, Koide Y, Sasaki K, Tsakirpaloglou N, Gannaban RB, Nishimura T, Yanagihara S, Fukuta Y, Koshiba T, Slamet-Loedin IH, Ishimaru T, Kobayashi N. NAL1 allele from a rice landrace greatly increases yield in modern indica cultivars. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20431-6. [PMID: 24297875 PMCID: PMC3870739 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1310790110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing crop production is essential for securing the future food supply in developing countries in Asia and Africa as economies and populations grow. However, although the Green Revolution led to increased grain production in the 1960s, no major advances have been made in increasing yield potential in rice since then. In this study, we identified a gene, SPIKELET NUMBER (SPIKE), from a tropical japonica rice landrace that enhances the grain productivity of indica cultivars through pleiotropic effects on plant architecture. Map-based cloning revealed that SPIKE was identical to NARROW LEAF1 (NAL1), which has been reported to control vein pattern in leaf. Phenotypic analyses of a near-isogenic line of a popular indica cultivar, IR64, and overexpressor lines revealed increases in spikelet number, leaf size, root system, and the number of vascular bundles, indicating the enhancement of source size and translocation capacity as well as sink size. The near-isogenic line achieved 13-36% yield increase without any negative effect on grain appearance. Expression analysis revealed that the gene was expressed in all cell types: panicles, leaves, roots, and culms supporting the pleiotropic effects on plant architecture. Furthermore, SPIKE increased grain yield by 18% in the recently released indica cultivar IRRI146, and increased spikelet number in the genetic background of other popular indica cultivars. The use of SPIKE in rice breeding could contribute to food security in indica-growing regions such as South and Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Fujita
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan; and
| | - Kurniawan Rudi Trijatmiko
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Analiza Grubanzo Tagle
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Veronica Sapasap
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Yohei Koide
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sasaki
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Nikolaos Tsakirpaloglou
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Ritchel Bueno Gannaban
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Takeshi Nishimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Seiji Yanagihara
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Fukuta
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Koshiba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Inez Hortense Slamet-Loedin
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Tsutomu Ishimaru
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Nobuya Kobayashi
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan; and
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Dynamic quantitative trait loci analysis of seed reserve utilization during three germination stages in rice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80002. [PMID: 24244592 PMCID: PMC3823834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, one rice population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was used to determine the genetic characteristics of seed reserve utilization during the early (day 6), middle (day 10) and late (day 14) germination stages. The seedling dry weight (SDW) and weight of the mobilized seed reserve (WMSR) were increased, while the seed reserve utilization efficiency (SRUE) decreased, during the process of seed germination. The SDW and WMSR were affected by the seed weight, while the SRUE was not affected by the seed weight. A total of twenty unconditional and twenty-one conditional additive QTLs and eight epistatic QTLs were identified at three germination stages, and the more QTLs were expressed at the late germination stage. Among them, twelve additive and three epistatic QTLs for SDW, eight additive and three epistatic QTLs for WMSR and thirteen additive and two epistatic QTLs for SRUE were identified, respectively. The phenotypic variation explained by each additive QTL, epistatic QTL and QTL × development interaction ranged from 6.10 to 23.91%, 1.79 to 6.88% and 0.22 to 2.86%, respectively. Two major additive QTLs qWMSR7.1 and qSRUE4.3 were identified, and each QTL could explain more than 20% of the total phenotypic variance. By comparing the chromosomal positions of these additive QTLs with those previously identified, eleven QTLs might represent novel genes. The best four cross combinations of each trait for the development of RIL populations were selected. The selected RILs and the identified QTLs might be applicable to improve rice seed reserve utilization by the marker-assisted selection approach.
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Jin X, Fu Z, Ding D, Li W, Liu Z, Tang J. Proteomic identification of genes associated with maize grain-filling rate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59353. [PMID: 23527170 PMCID: PMC3601958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain filling during the linear phase contributes most of the dry matter accumulated in the maize kernel, which in turn determines the final grain yield. Endosperms and embryos of three elite maize hybrids (Zhengdan 958, Nongda 108, and Pioneer 335) were sampled 17, 22, 25, and 28 days after pollination, during the linear phase of grain filling, for proteomic analysis to explore the regulatory factors critical for grain filling rate. In total, 39 and 43 protein spots that showed more than 2-fold changes in abundance at P<0.01 between any two sampling stages in the endosperm and embryo were analyzed by protein mass spectrometry. The changing patterns in expression index of these proteins in the endosperm were evenly distributed, whereas up-regulation patterns predominated (74%) in the embryo. Functional analysis revealed that metabolism was the largest category, represented by nine proteins in the endosperm and 12 proteins in the embryo, of the proteins that significantly changed in abundance. Glycolysis, a critical process both for glucose conversion into pyruvate and for release of free energy and reducing power, and proteins related to redox homeostasis were emphasized in the endosperm. Additionally, lipid, nitrogen, and inositol metabolism related to fatty acid biosynthesis and late embryogenesis abundant proteins were emphasized in the embryo. One protein related to cellular redox equilibrium, which showed a more than 50-fold change in abundance and was co-localized with a quantitative trait locus for grain yield on chromosome 1, was further investigated by transcriptional profile implying consistent expression pattern with protein accumulation. The present results provide a first step towards elucidation of the gene network responsible for regulation of grain filling in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xining Jin
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Ding
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihua Li
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Liu
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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40
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Genetic analysis of grain filling rate using conditional QTL mapping in maize. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56344. [PMID: 23441180 PMCID: PMC3575436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The grain filling rate (GFR) is an important dynamic trait that determines the final grain yield and is controlled by a network of genes and environment factors. To determine the genetic basis of the GFR, a conditional quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis method was conducted using time-related phenotypic values of the GFR collected from a set of 243 immortalized F2 (IF2) population, which were evaluated at two locations over 2 years. The GFR gradually rose in the 0–15 days after pollination (DAP) and 16–22 DAP, reaching a maximum at 23–29 DAP, and then gradually decreasing. The variation of kernel weight (KW) was mainly decided by the GFR, and not by the grain filling duration (GFD). Thirty-three different unconditional QTLs were identified for the GFR at the six sampling stages over 2 years. Among them, QTLs qGFR7b, qGFR9 and qGFR6d were identified at the same stages at two locations over 2 years. In addition, 14 conditional QTLs for GFR were detected at five stages. The conditional QTL qGFR7c was identified at stage V|IV (37–43 DAP) at two locations over 2 years, and qGFR7b was detected at the sixth stage (44–50 DAP) in all four environments, except at Anyang location in 2009. QTLs qQTL7b and qQTL6f were identified by unconditional and conditional QTL mapping at the same stages, and might represent major QTLs for regulating the GFR in maize in the IF2 population. Moreover, most of the QTLs identified were co-located with QTLs from previous studies that were associated with GFR, enzyme activities of starch synthesis, soluble carbohydrates, and grain filling related genes. These results indicated that the GFR is regulated by many genes, which are specifically expressed at different grain filling stages, and the specific expression of the genes between 16–35 DAP might be very important for deciding the final kernel weight.
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Panda D, Sarkar RK. Natural leaf senescence: probed by chlorophyll fluorescence, CO2 photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzyme activities during grain filling in different rice cultivars. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 19:43-51. [PMID: 24381436 PMCID: PMC3550679 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-012-0142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Natural leaf senescence was investigated in four rainfed lowland rice cultivars, FR 13A (tolerant to submergence), Sabita and Sarala (adapted to medium depth, 0-50 cm stagnant flooding) and Dengi (conventional farmers' cultivar). Changes in the levels of pigment content, CO2 photosynthetic rate, photosystem II photochemistry and anti-oxidant enzyme activities of flag leaves during grain-filling stage were investigated. Chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and CO2 photosynthetic rate decreased significantly with the progress of grain-filling. Likely, the activities of antioxidant enzymes namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase decreased with progress of grain-filling. A substantial difference was observed among the four cultivars for the sustainability index (SI) of different photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities; SIs of those parameters, in general, were lower in low yielding cultivar FR 13A compared to the other three cultivars. Among the four cultivars Sabita gave maximum grain yield. Yet, SI of Pn was greater in Sarala and Dengi compared to the Sabita. SIs of electron transport (ETo/CS), maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), area above Fo and Fm, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were also greater in Sarala and Dengi. The data showed that among the different Chl a fluorescence parameters, PI could be used with greater accuracy to distinguish slow and fast senescence rice cultivars during grain-filling period. It was concluded that maintaining the vitality of rice plants during grain-filling gave guarantee to synthesize carbohydrate, however greater yield could be realized provided superior yield attributing parameters are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Panda
- />Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa, Koraput, 764020 India
| | - Ramani Kumar Sarkar
- />Division of Biochemistry, Plant Physiology and Environmental Sciences, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753 006 Orissa India
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Genetic dissection of developmental behavior of grain weight in wheat under diverse temperature and water regimes. Genetica 2012; 140:393-405. [PMID: 23132048 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-012-9688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
As a quantitatively inherited trait related to high yield potential, grain weight (GW) development in wheat is constrained by abiotic stresses such as limited water supply and high temperature. Data from a doubled haploid population, derived from a cross of (Hanxuan 10 × Lumai 14), grown in four environments were used to explore the genetic basis of GW developmental behavior in unconditional and conditional quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses using a mixed linear model. Thirty additive QTLs and 41 pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected, and were more frequently observed on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2D, 4A, 4B and 7B. No single QTL was continually active during all stages or periods of grain growth. The QTLs with additive effects (A-QTLs) expressed in the period S1|S0 (the period from the flowering to the seventh day after) formed a foundation for GW development. GW development at these stages can be used as an index for screening superior genotypes under diverse abiotic stresses in a wheat breeding program. One QTL, i.e. Qgw.cgb-6A.2, showed high adaptability for water-limited and heat-stress environments. Many A-QTLs interacted with more than one other QTL in the two genetic models, such as Qgw.cgb-4B.2 interacted with five QTLs, showing that the genetic architecture underlying GW development involves a collective expression of genes with additive and epistatic effects.
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Jiang Z, Han Y, Teng W, Li Y, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Man W, Li W. Impact of epistasis and QTL × environmental interaction on the mass filling rate during seed development of soybean. Genet Res (Camb) 2012; 94:63-71. [PMID: 22624566 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672312000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed filling rate of soybean has been shown to be a dynamic process in different developmental stages affected by both genotype and environment. The objective of the present study was to determine additive, epistatic and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) × environment interaction (QE) effects of the QTL underlying a seed filling rate of soybean. One hundred and forty-three recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of Charleston and Dongnong 594 were used with 2 years of field data (2004 and 2005). Eleven QTLs with significantly unconditional and conditional additive (a) effect and/or additive × environment interaction (ae) effect at different filling stages were identified. Of them six QTLs showed positive a effects and four QTLs had negative a effects on the seed filling rate during seed development. aa and aae effects of 12 pairs of QTLs were identified by unconditional mapping from the initial stage to the final stage. Thirteen pairs of QTLs underlying the seed filling rate with aa and aae effects were identified by conditional mapping. QTLs with aa and aae (additive × additive × environment) effects appeared to vary at different filling stages. Our results demonstrated that the mass filling rate in soybean seed were under genetic and environmental control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republics of China
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Yang J, Zhang J. Crop management techniques to enhance harvest index in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:3177-89. [PMID: 20421195 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is to enhance water use efficiency (WUE) and maintain or even increase grain yield. WUE, if defined as the biomass accumulation over water consumed, may be fairly constant for a given species in given climate. WUE can be enhanced by less irrigation. However, such enhancement is largely a trade-off against lower biomass production. If WUE is defined as the grain production per unit amount of water irrigated, it would be possible to increase WUE without compromising grain yield through the manipulation of harvest index. Harvest index has been shown to be a variable factor in crop production, and in many situations, it is closely associated with WUE and grain yield in cereals. Taking rice as an example, this paper discussed crop management techniques that can enhance harvest index. Several practices such as post-anthesis controlled soil drying, alternate wetting and moderate soil drying regimes during the whole growing season, and non-flooded straw mulching cultivation, could substantially enhance WUE and maintain or even increase grain yield of rice, mainly via improved canopy structure, source activity, sink strength, and enhanced remobilization of pre-stored carbon reserves from vegetative tissues to grains. All the work has proved that a proper crop management holds great promise to enhance harvest index and, consequently, achieve the dual goal of increasing grain production and saving water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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McIntyre CL, Mathews KL, Rattey A, Chapman SC, Drenth J, Ghaderi M, Reynolds M, Shorter R. Molecular detection of genomic regions associated with grain yield and yield-related components in an elite bread wheat cross evaluated under irrigated and rainfed conditions. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2010; 120:527-41. [PMID: 19865806 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Grain yield and grain weight of wheat are often decreased by water-limitation in the north-eastern cropping belt of Australia. Based on knowledge that CIMMYT lines are well-adapted in this region, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population between two elite CIMMYT bread wheats (Seri M82 and Babax) was evaluated under water-limited environments. Fourteen productivity traits were evaluated in 192 progeny in up to eight trials. For three aggregations of the environments (all, high yield or low yield), multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected, each explaining <15% of variation. Co-location of multiple trait QTL was greatest on linkage groups 1B-a, 1D-b, 4A-a, 4D-a, 6A-a, 6B-a, 7A-a and an unassigned linkage group. Two putative QTL (LOD > 3) from Seri (6D-b and UA-d) increased grain yield and co-located with a suggestive (2 < LOD < 3) and a putative QTL for increased stem carbohydrate content (WSC), respectively; the latter QTL also co-located with a putative anthesis QTL for earlier flowering. Both QTL were detected only in high yield (>4t ha(-1)) environments. A third increased grain yield QTL (7A-a) from Babax co-located with QTL for increased grain number. Six putative QTL increased grain weight and co-located with QTL for harvest index, grains per spike and spike number. Three putative QTL for increased grains per spike co-located with strong QTL for earlier flowering, increased grain weight and fewer spikes. A group of progeny that exceeded the mean grain yield and grain weight of commercial checks had an increased frequency of QTL for high WSC, large grain size, increased harvest index and greater height, but fewer stems, when compared to low yielding (20% less), low grain weight progeny. These findings were consistent with agronomic analyses of the germplasm and demonstrate that there should be opportunities to independently manipulate grain number and grain size which is typically difficult due to strong negative correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lynne McIntyre
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
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Abstract
Modern rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, especially the newly bred 'super' rice, have numerous spikelets on a panicle with a large yield capacity. However, these cultivars often fail to achieve their high yield potential due to poor grain-filling of later-flowering inferior spikelets (in contrast to the earlier-flowering superior spikelets). Conventional thinking to explain the poor grain-filling is the consequence of carbon limitation. Recent studies, however, have shown that carbohydrate supply should not be the major problem because they have adequate sucrose at their initial grain-filling stage. The low activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism may contribute to the poor grain-filling. Proper field practices, such as moderate soil drying during mid- and late grain-filling stages, could solve some problems in poor grain-filling. Further studies are needed by molecular approaches to investigate the signal transport, the hormonal action, the gene expressions, and the biochemical processes in inferior spikelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Murchie EH, Pinto M, Horton P. Agriculture and the new challenges for photosynthesis research. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 181:532-52. [PMID: 19140947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A rising human population and changing patterns of land use mean that world food production rates will need to be increased by at least 50% by 2050, a massive rise in harvestable yield per hectare of the major crops such as rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Combinations of breeding for improved morphology-related traits such as harvest index and increased inputs of water and fertilizer, which have sustained yield increases since the 1960s, will be neither sufficient nor sustainable. An important limiting factor will be the capacity to produce sufficient biomass during favourable growing periods. Here we analyse this problem in the context of increasing the efficiency of conversion of solar energy into biomass, that is, leaf and canopy photosynthesis. Focussing on crops carrying out C3 photosynthesis, we analyse the evidence for 'losses' in the process of conversion of solar energy into crop biomass and we explore novel mechanisms of improving biomass production rates, which have arisen from recent research into the fundamental primary processes of photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. We show that there are several lines of evidence that these processes are not fully optimized for maximum yield. We put forward the hypothesis that the chloroplast itself should be given greater prominence as a sensor, processor and integrator of highly variable environmental signals to allow a more efficient transduction of energy supply into biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.
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48
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Analysis of Differential Expression of Proteins in Rice Leaf Sheath during Grain Filling. ZUOWU XUEBAO 2008. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2008.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang E, Wang J, Zhu X, Hao W, Wang L, Li Q, Zhang L, He W, Lu B, Lin H, Ma H, Zhang G, He Z. Control of rice grain-filling and yield by a gene with a potential signature of domestication. Nat Genet 2008; 40:1370-4. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dwivedi S, Perotti E, Ortiz R. Towards molecular breeding of reproductive traits in cereal crops. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2008; 6:529-559. [PMID: 18507792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2008.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The transition from vegetative to reproductive phase, flowering per se, floral organ development, panicle structure and morphology, meiosis, pollination and fertilization, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and fertility restoration, and grain development are the main reproductive traits. Unlocking their genetic insights will enable plant breeders to manipulate these traits in cereal germplasm enhancement. Multiple genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting flowering (phase transition, photoperiod and vernalization, flowering per se), panicle morphology and grain development have been cloned, and gene expression research has provided new information about the nature of complex genetic networks involved in the expression of these traits. Molecular biology is also facilitating the identification of diverse CMS sources in hybrid breeding. Few Rf (fertility restorer) genes have been cloned in maize, rice and sorghum. DNA markers are now used to assess the genetic purity of hybrids and their parental lines, and to pyramid Rf or tms (thermosensitive male sterility) genes in rice. Transgene(s) can be used to create de novo CMS trait in cereals. The understanding of reproductive biology facilitated by functional genomics will allow a better manipulation of genes by crop breeders and their potential use across species through genetic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangam Dwivedi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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