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Kim JS, Chae S, Jo JE, Kim KD, Song SI, Park SH, Choi SB, Jun KM, Shim SH, Jeon JS, Lee GS, Kim YK. OsMYB14, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, regulates plant height through the control of hormone metabolism in rice. Mol Cells 2024; 47:100093. [PMID: 39004308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant growth must be regulated throughout the plant life cycle. The myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest TF families and is involved in metabolism, lignin biosynthesis, and developmental processes. Here, we showed that OsMYB14, a rice R2R3-MYB TF, was expressed in leaves and roots, especially in rice culm and panicles, and that it localized to the nucleus. Overexpression of OsMYB14 (OsMYB14-ox) in rice resulted in a 30% reduction in plant height compared to that of the wild type (WT), while the height of the osmyb14-knockout (osmyb14-ko) mutant generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system was not significantly different. Microscopic observations of the first internode revealed that the cell size did not differ significantly among the lines. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that genes associated with plant development, regulation, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and gibberellin (GA) and auxin metabolic processes were downregulated in the OsMYB14-ox line. Hormone quantitation revealed that inactive GA19 accumulated in OsMYB14-ox but not in the WT or knockout plants, suggesting that GA20 generation was repressed. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and IAA-aspartate accumulated in OsMYB14-ox and osmyb14-ko, respectively. Indeed, real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of OsGA20ox1, encoding GA20 oxidase 1, and OsGH3-2, encoding IAA-amido synthetase, was downregulated in OsMYB14-ox and upregulated in osmyb14-ko. A protein-binding microarray revealed the presence of a consensus DNA-binding sequence, the ACCTACC-like motif, in the promoters of the OsGA20ox1 and GA20ox2 genes. These results suggest that OsMYB14 may act as a negative regulator of biological processes affecting plant height in rice by regulating GA biosynthesis and auxin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung Sug Kim
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhwa Chae
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Jo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Do Kim
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Song
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Park
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bong Choi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Mi Jun
- Genomics Genetics Institute, GreenGene Biotech Inc, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Shim
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ki Kim
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea.
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Wei C, Hu Z, Wang S, Tan X, Jin Y, Yi Z, He K, Zhao L, Chu Z, Fang Y, Chen S, Liu P, Zhao H. An endogenous promoter LpSUT2 discovered in duckweed: a promising transgenic tool for plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1368284. [PMID: 38638348 PMCID: PMC11025394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1368284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Promoters are one of the most critical elements in regulating gene expression. They are considered essential biotechnological tools for heterologous protein production. The one most widely used in plants is the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus. However, our study for the first time discovered the 35S promoter reduced the expression of exogenous proteins under increased antibiotic stress. We discovered an endogenous strong promoter from duckweed named LpSUT2 that keeps higher initiation activity under antibiotic stress. Stable transformation in duckweed showed that the gene expression of eGFP in the LpSUT2:eGFP was 1.76 times that of the 35S:eGFP at 100 mg.L-1 G418 and 6.18 times at 500 mg.L-1 G418. Notably, with the increase of G418 concentration, the gene expression and the fluorescence signal of eGFP in the 35S:eGFP were weakened, while the LpSUT2:eGFP only changed slightly. This is because, under high antibiotic stress, the 35S promoter was methylated, leading to the gene silencing of the eGFP gene. Meanwhile, the LpSUT2 promoter was not methylated and maintained high activity. This is a previously unknown mechanism that provides us with new insights into screening more stable promoters that are less affected by environmental stress. These outcomes suggest that the LpSUT2 promoter has a high capacity to initiate the expression of exogenous proteins. In conclusion, our study provides a promoter tool with potential application for plant genetic engineering and also provides new insights into screening promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhubin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songhu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuolin Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaize He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Leyi Zhao
- Pitzer College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Ziyue Chu
- Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Penghui Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Gui Y, Teo J, Tian D, Yin Z. Genetic engineering low-arsenic and low-cadmium rice grain. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2143-2155. [PMID: 38085003 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Rice is prone to take up the toxic elements arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) from paddy soil through the transporters for other essential elements. Disruption of these essential transporters usually adversely affects the normal growth of rice and the homeostasis of essential elements. Here we report on developing low-As and low-Cd rice grain through the co-overexpression of OsPCS1, OsABCC1, and OsHMA3 genes under the control of the rice OsActin1 promoter. Co-overexpression of OsPCS1 and OsABCC1 synergistically decreased As concentration in the grain. Overexpression of OsPCS1 also decreased Cd concentration in the grain by restricting the xylem-to-phloem Cd transport in node I, but paradoxically caused Cd hypersensitivity as the overproduced phytochelatins in OsPCS1-overexpressing plants suppressed OsHMA3-dependent Cd sequestration in vacuoles and promoted Cd transport from root to shoot. Co-overexpression of OsHAM3 and OsPCS1 overcame this suppression and complemented the Cd hypersensitivity. Compared with non-transgenic rice control, co-overexpression of OsABCC1, OsPCS1, and OsHMA3 in rice decreased As and Cd concentrations in grain by 92.1% and 98%, respectively, without causing any defect in plant growth and reproduction or of mineral nutrients in grain. Our research provides an effective approach and useful genetic materials for developing low-As and low-Cd rice grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejing Gui
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Joanne Teo
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Dongsheng Tian
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhongchao Yin
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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Yang Y, Li X, Li C, Zhang H, Tuerxun Z, Hui F, Li J, Liu Z, Chen G, Cai D, Chen X, Li B. Isolation and Functional Characterization of a Constitutive Promoter in Upland Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1917. [PMID: 38339199 PMCID: PMC10855717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple cis-acting elements are present in promoter sequences that play critical regulatory roles in gene transcription and expression. In this study, we isolated the cotton FDH (Fiddlehead) gene promoter (pGhFDH) using a real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) expression analysis and performed a cis-acting elements prediction analysis. The plant expression vector pGhFDH::GUS was constructed using the Gateway approach and was used for the genetic transformation of Arabidopsis and upland cotton plants to obtain transgenic lines. Histochemical staining and a β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity assay showed that the GUS protein was detected in the roots, stems, leaves, inflorescences, and pods of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines. Notably, high GUS activity was observed in different tissues. In the transgenic lines, high GUS activity was detected in different tissues such as leaves, stalks, buds, petals, androecium, endosperm, and fibers, where the pGhFDH-driven GUS expression levels were 3-10-fold higher compared to those under the CaMV 35S promoter at 10-30 days post-anthesis (DPA) during fiber development. The results indicate that pGhFDH can be used as an endogenous constitutive promoter to drive the expression of target genes in various cotton tissues to facilitate functional genomic studies and accelerate cotton molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (G.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (G.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Chenyu Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (G.C.); (D.C.)
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (G.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Zumuremu Tuerxun
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (G.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Fengjiao Hui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Juan Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (G.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (G.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Guo Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (G.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Darun Cai
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (G.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Xunji Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (G.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Bo Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.T.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (G.C.); (D.C.)
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Wang B, Wang Y, He W, Huang M, Yu L, Cheng D, Du J, Song B, Chen H. StMLP1, as a Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, enhances potato resistance and specifically expresses in vascular bundles during Ralstonia solanacearum infection. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1342-1354. [PMID: 37614094 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Miraculin-like proteins (MLPs), members of the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) family that are present in various plants, have been discovered to have a role in defending plants against pathogens. In this study, we identified a gene StMLP1 in potato that belongs to the KTI family. We found that the expression of StMLP1 gradually increases during Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum) infection. We characterized the promoter of StMLP1 as an inducible promoter that can be triggered by R. solanacearum and as a tissue-specific promoter with specificity for vascular bundle expression. Our findings demonstrate that StMLP1 exhibits trypsin inhibitor activity, and that its signal peptide is essential for proper localization and function. Overexpression of StMLP1 in potato can enhance the resistance to R. solanacearum. Inhibiting the expression of StMLP1 during infection accelerated the infection by R. solanacearum to a certain extent. In addition, the RNA-seq results of the overexpression-StMLP1 lines indicated that StMLP1 was involved in potato immunity. All these findings in our study reveal that StMLP1 functions as a positive regulator that is induced and specifically expressed in vascular bundles in response to R. solanacearum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsen Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenfeng He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengshu Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liu Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Juan Du
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Botao Song
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huilan Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Villao-Uzho L, Chávez-Navarrete T, Pacheco-Coello R, Sánchez-Timm E, Santos-Ordóñez E. Plant Promoters: Their Identification, Characterization, and Role in Gene Regulation. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1226. [PMID: 37372407 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the strategies to overcome diseases or abiotic stress in crops is the use of improved varieties. Genetic improvement could be accomplished through different methods, including conventional breeding, induced mutation, genetic transformation, or gene editing. The gene function and regulated expression through promoters are necessary for transgenic crops to improve specific traits. The variety of promoter sequences has increased in the generation of genetically modified crops because they could lead to the expression of the gene responsible for the improved trait in a specific manner. Therefore, the characterization of the promoter activity is necessary for the generation of biotechnological crops. That is why several analyses have focused on identifying and isolating promoters using techniques such as reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), genetic libraries, cloning, and sequencing. Promoter analysis involves the plant genetic transformation method, a potent tool for determining the promoter activity and function of genes in plants, contributing to understanding gene regulation and plant development. Furthermore, the study of promoters that play a fundamental role in gene regulation is highly relevant. The study of regulation and development in transgenic organisms has made it possible to understand the benefits of directing gene expression in a temporal, spatial, and even controlled manner, confirming the great diversity of promoters discovered and developed. Therefore, promoters are a crucial tool in biotechnological processes to ensure the correct expression of a gene. This review highlights various types of promoters and their functionality in the generation of genetically modified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Villao-Uzho
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Tatiana Chávez-Navarrete
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Ricardo Pacheco-Coello
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Sánchez-Timm
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
- Faculty of Life Sciences, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Efrén Santos-Ordóñez
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
- Faculty of Life Sciences, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
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7
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Verma D, Kaushal N, Balhara R, Singh K. Genome-wide analysis of Catalase gene family reveal insights into abiotic stress response mechanism in Brassica juncea and B. rapa. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 330:111620. [PMID: 36738937 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses affect the yield and productivity of Brassica crops. Catalases are important antioxidant enzymes involved in reducing excess hydrogen peroxide produced by environmental stresses. In the present study, nine and seven CAT family members in two oilseed Brassica species (B. juncea and B. rapa) were identified with complete characterization based on gene and protein structure. Phylogenetic classification categorized CAT proteins into three classes and differentiated the monocot and dicot-specific CAT proteins. Further, the gene and protein characterizations revealed a high degree of conservation across the CAT family members. Differences were observed in the CAT-HEME binding affinity in CAT1, CAT2, and CAT3 isozymes, which could suggest their differential enzyme activities in different conditions. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction with other antioxidant proteins suggested their coordinated role in ROS scavenging mechanisms. Notably, the differential gene expression of BjuCATs and BraCATs and CAT enzyme activities suggested their crucial roles in major abiotic stresses faced by Brassica species. Promoter analysis in BjuCATs and BraCATs suggested the presence of abiotic-stress responsive cis-regulatory elements. Gene regulatory network analysis suggested miRNA and TF mediated stress response in BjuCATs and BraCATs. CAT family screening and characterization in Brassica sp. has established a basic ground for further functional validation in abiotic and heavy-metal stresses which can help in developing stress tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block I, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Nishant Kaushal
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block I, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rinku Balhara
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block I, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block I, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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8
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Ye S, Ding W, Bai W, Lu J, Zhou L, Ma X, Zhu Q. Application of a novel strong promoter from Chinese fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolate) in the CRISPR/Cas mediated genome editing of its protoplasts and transgenesis of rice and poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1179394. [PMID: 37152166 PMCID: PMC10157052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1179394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel constitutive promoters are essential for plant biotechnology. Although in angiosperms, a number of promoters were applied in monocots or dicots genetic engineering, only a few promoters were used in gymnosperm. Here we identified two strong promoters (Cula11 and Cula08) from Chinese fir (C. lanceolate) by screening the transcriptomic data and preliminary promoter activity assays in tobacco. By using the newly established Chinese fir protoplast transient expression technology that enables in vivo molecular biology studies in its homologous system, we compared the activities of Cula11 and Cula08 with that of the commonly used promoters in genetic engineering of monocots or dicots, such as CaM35S, CmYLCV, and ZmUbi, and our results revealed that Cula11 and Cula08 promoters have stronger activities in Chinese fir protoplasts. Furthermore, the vector containing Cas gene driven by Cula11 promoter and sgRNA driven by the newly isolated CulaU6b polyIII promoters were introduced into Chinese fir protoplasts, and CRISPR/Cas mediated gene knock-out event was successfully achieved. More importantly, compared with the commonly used promoters in the genetic engineering in angiosperms, Cula11 promoter has much stronger activity than CaM35S promoter in transgenic poplar, and ZmUbi promoter in transgenic rice, respectively, indicating its potential application in poplar and rice genetic engineering. Overall, the novel putative constitutive gene promoters reported here will have great potential application in gymnosperm and angiosperm biotechnology, and the transient gene expression system established here will serve as a useful tool for the molecular and genetic analyses of Chinese fir genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Zhu
- *Correspondence: Xiangqing Ma, ; Qiang Zhu,
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9
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Tian W, Huang X, Ouyang X. Genome-wide prediction of activating regulatory elements in rice by combining STARR-seq with FACS. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:2284-2297. [PMID: 36028476 PMCID: PMC9674312 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR-seq) is widely used to identify enhancers at the whole-genome level. However, whether STARR-seq works as efficiently in plants as in animal systems remains unclear. Here, we determined that the traditional STARR-seq method can be directly applied to rice (Oryza sativa) protoplasts to identify enhancers, though with limited efficiency. Intriguingly, we identified not only enhancers but also constitutive promoters with this technique. To increase the performance of STARR-seq in plants, we optimized two procedures. We coupled fluorescence activating cell sorting (FACS) with STARR-seq to alleviate the effect of background noise, and we minimized PCR cycles and retained duplicates during prediction, which significantly increased the positive rate for activating regulatory elements (AREs). Using this method, we determined that AREs are associated with AT-rich regions and are enriched for a motif that the AP2/ERF family can recognize. Based on GC content preferences, AREs are clustered into two groups corresponding to promoters and enhancers. Either AT- or GC-rich regions within AREs could boost transcription. Additionally, disruption of AREs resulted in abnormal expression of both proximal and distal genes, which suggests that STARR-seq-revealed elements function as enhancers in vivo. In summary, our work provides a promising method to identify AREs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Xinhao Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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10
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Fragoso RR, Arraes FBM, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Miranda VJ, Basso MF, Ferreira AVJ, Viana AAB, Lins CBJ, Lins PC, Moura SM, Batista JAN, Silva MCM, Engler G, Morgante CV, Lisei-de-Sa ME, Vasques RM, de Almeida-Engler J, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Functional characterization of the pUceS8.3 promoter and its potential use for ectopic gene overexpression. PLANTA 2022; 256:69. [PMID: 36066773 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pUceS8.3 is a constitutive gene promoter with potential for ectopic and strong genes overexpression or active biomolecules in plant tissues attacked by pests, including nematode-induced giant cells or galls. Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important agricultural commodities worldwide and a major protein and oil source. Herein, we identified the soybean ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzyme gene (GmUBC4; Glyma.18G216000), which is significantly upregulated in response to Anticarsia gemmatalis attack and Meloidogyne incognita-induced galls during plant parasitism by plant nematode. The GmUBC4 promoter sequence and its different modules were functionally characterized in silico and in planta using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and G. max lines. Its full-length transcriptional regulatory region (promoter and 5´-UTR sequences, named pUceS8.3 promoter) was able to drive higher levels of uidA (β-glucuronidase) gene expression in different tissues of transgenic A. thaliana lines compared to its three shortened modules and the p35SdAMV promoter. Notably, higher β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymatic activity was shown in M. incognita-induced giant cells when the full pUceS8.3 promoter drove the expression of this reporter gene. Furthermore, nematode-specific dsRNA molecules were successfully overexpressed under the control of the pUceS8.3 promoter in transgenic soybean lines. The RNAi gene construct used here was designed to post-transcriptionally downregulate the previously characterized pre-mRNA splicing factor genes from Heterodera glycines and M. incognita. A total of six transgenic soybean lines containing RNAi gene construct were selected for molecular characterization after infection with M. incognita pre-parasitic second-stage (ppJ2) nematodes. A strong reduction in the egg number produced by M. incognita after parasitism was observed in those transgenic soybean lines, ranging from 71 to 92% compared to wild-type control plants. The present data demonstrated that pUceS8.3 is a gene promoter capable of effectively driving dsRNA overexpression in nematode-induced giant cells of transgenic soybean lines and can be successfully applied as an important biotechnological asset to generate transgenic crops with improved resistance to root-knot nematodes as well as other pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rocha Fragoso
- Embrapa Savannah, Planaltina, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, Brasília DF, CEP 70.770-900, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Barbosa Monteiro Arraes
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, Brasília DF, CEP 70.770-900, Brazil
| | - Isabela Tristan Lourenço-Tessutti
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, Brasília DF, CEP 70.770-900, Brazil
| | - Vívian Jesus Miranda
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, Brasília DF, CEP 70.770-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fernando Basso
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, Brasília DF, CEP 70.770-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Barrozo Jesus Lins
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, Brasília DF, CEP 70.770-900, Brazil
| | - Philippe Castro Lins
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, Brasília DF, CEP 70.770-900, Brazil
| | - Stéfanie Menezes Moura
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, Brasília DF, CEP 70.770-900, Brazil
| | - João Aguiar Nogueira Batista
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, Brasília DF, CEP 70.770-900, Brazil
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Mattar Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, Brasília DF, CEP 70.770-900, Brazil
| | - Gilbert Engler
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Carolina Vianna Morgante
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, Brasília DF, CEP 70.770-900, Brazil
- Embrapa Semiarid, Petrolina-PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Lisei-de-Sa
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, Brasília DF, CEP 70.770-900, Brazil
- Minas Gerais Agricultural Research Company (EPAMIG), Uberaba-MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel Medeiros Vasques
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, Brasília DF, CEP 70.770-900, Brazil
| | - Janice de Almeida-Engler
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brazil.
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, Brasília DF, CEP 70.770-900, Brazil.
- Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
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11
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Kim HM, Park SH, Park SY, Ma SH, Do JH, Kim AY, Jeon MJ, Shim JS, Joung YH. Identification of essential element determining fruit-specific transcriptional activity in the tomato HISTIDINE DECARBOXYLASE A gene promoter. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1721-1731. [PMID: 35739429 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In SlHDC-A promoter, SlHDC-A core-ES is an essential region for fruit-specific expression and interacts with GATA, HSF and AP1. Triplication of essential region was proposed as a minimal fruit-specific promoter. In plant biotechnology, fruit-specific promoter is an important tool for the improvement and utilization of tomato fruit. To expand our understanding on fruit-specific expression, it is necessary to determine the promoter region involved in fruit-specific transcriptional activity and transcriptional regulations of the promoter. In previous study, we isolated a fruit-specific SlHDC-A core promoter specifically expressed during tomato ripening stages. In this study, we identified SlHDC-A promoter region (SlHDC-A core-ES) that is essential for fruit-specific expression of the SlHDC-A. To understand the molecular mechanisms of fruit-specific expression of the SlHDC-A promoter, we first identified the putative transcription factor binding elements in the SlHDC-A core promoter region and corresponding putative transcription factors which are highly expressed during fruit maturation. Yeast one hybrid analysis confirmed that GATA, HSF, and AP1 interact with the SlHDC-A core-ES promoter region. Further transactivation analysis revealed that expression of the three transcription factors significantly activated expression of a reporter gene driven by SlHDC-A core-ES promoter. These results suggest that GATA, HSF, and AP1 are involved in the fruit-specific expression of SlHDC-A promoter. Furthermore, the synthetic promoter composed of three tandem repeats of SlHDC-A core-ES showed relatively higher activity than the constitutive 35S promoter in the transgenic tomato fruits at the orange stage. Taken together, we propose a new synthetic promoter that is specifically expressed during fruit ripening stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hee Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ma
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hui Do
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Jeon
- Microorganism Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Hee Joung
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Tsuda K, Suzuki T, Mimura M, Nonomura KI. Comparison of constitutive promoter activities and development of maize ubiquitin promoter- and Gateway-based binary vectors for rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:139-146. [PMID: 35937527 PMCID: PMC9300420 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In transgenic experiments, we often face fundamental requirements such as overexpressing a certain gene, developing organelle markers, testing promoter activities, introducing large genomic fragments, and combinations of them. To fulfill these multiple requirements in rice, we developed simple binary vectors with or without maize ubiquitin (UBQ) promoter, Gateway cassette and fluorescent proteins. First, we compared stabilities of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S and maize UBQ promoters for constitutive gene expression in transgenic rice. We show that the 35S promoter was frequently silenced after shoot regeneration, whereas maize UBQ promoter achieved stable expression in various young tissues. Binary vectors with Gateway cassettes under the control of the UBQ promoter allowed us to develop stable organelle markers for nuclei, microtubules and P-bodies in rice. The maize UBQ promoter can be easily replaced with any promoters of interest as exemplified by reporters of mitotic cells and provascular bundles. Finally, by introducing two genomic fluorescent reporters, we showed utilities of the Gateway cassette and two selection markers in large DNA fragment transfer and sequential transformations, respectively. Thus, these binary vectors provide useful choices of transgenic experiments in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Tsuda
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Toshiya Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Manaki Mimura
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nonomura
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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13
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Three Diverse Granule Preparation Methods for Proteomic Analysis of Mature Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Starch Grain. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103307. [PMID: 35630784 PMCID: PMC9144640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Starch is the primary form of reserve carbohydrate storage in plants. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a monocot whose reserve starch is organized into compounded structures within the amyloplast, rather than a simple starch grain (SG). The mechanism governing the assembly of the compound SG from polyhedral granules in apposition, however, remains unknown. To further characterize the proteome associated with these compounded structures, three distinct methods of starch granule preparation (dispersion, microsieve, and flotation) were performed. Phase separation of peptides (aqueous trypsin-shaving and isopropanol solubilization of residual peptides) isolated starch granule-associated proteins (SGAPs) from the distal proteome of the amyloplast and the proximal ‘amylome’ (the amyloplastic proteome), respectively. The term ‘distal proteome’ refers to SGAPs loosely tethered to the amyloplast, ones that can be rapidly proteolyzed, while proximal SGAPs are those found closer to the remnant amyloplast membrane fragments, perhaps embedded therein—ones that need isopropanol solvent to be removed from the mature organelle surface. These two rice starch-associated peptide samples were analyzed using nano-liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (Nano-HPLC-MS/MS). Known and novel proteins, as well as septum-like structure (SLS) proteins, in the mature rice SG were found. Data mining and gene ontology software were used to categorize these putative plastoskeletal components as a variety of structural elements, including actins, tubulins, tubulin-like proteins, and cementitious elements such as reticulata related-like (RER) proteins, tegument proteins, and lectins. Delineating the plastoskeletal proteome begins by understanding how each starch granule isolation procedure affects observed cytoplasmic and plastid proteins. The three methods described herein show how the technique used to isolate SGs differentially impacts the subsequent proteomic analysis and results obtained. It can thus be concluded that future investigations must make judicious decisions regarding the methodology used in extracting proteomic information from the compound starch granules being assessed, since different methods are shown to yield contrasting results herein. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032314.
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14
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Lee YJ, Kim JK, Baek SA, Yu JS, You MK, Ha SH. Differential Regulation of an OsIspH1, the Functional 4-Hydroxy-3-Methylbut-2-Enyl Diphosphate Reductase, for Photosynthetic Pigment Biosynthesis in Rice Leaves and Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:861036. [PMID: 35498655 PMCID: PMC9044040 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.861036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway is responsible for providing common precursors for the biosynthesis of diverse plastidial terpenoids, including chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phytohormones, in plants. In rice (Oryza sativa), the last-step genes encoding 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase [HDR/isoprenoid synthesis H (IspH)] have been annotated in two genes (OsIspH1 and OsIspH2) in the rice genome. The spatial transcript levels indicated that OsIspH1 is highly expressed in all tissues at different developmental stages, whereas OsIspH2 is barely expressed due to an early stop in exon 1 caused by splicing error. OsIspH1 localized into plastids and osisph1, a T-DNA inserted knockout mutant, showed an albino phenotype, indicating that OsIspH1 is the only functional gene. To elucidate the role of OsIspH1 in the MEP pathway, we created two single (H145P and K407R) and double (H145P/K407R) mutations and performed complementation tests in two hdr mutants, including Escherichia coli DLYT1 strains and osisph1 rice plants. The results showed that every single mutation retained HDR function, but a double mutation lost it, proposing that the complementary relations of two residues might be important for enzyme activity but not each residue. When overexpressed in rice plants, the double-mutated gene, OsIspH1MUT , reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis in the leaves and seeds. It confirmed the crucial role of OsIspH1 in plastidic terpenoid biosynthesis, revealing organ-specific differential regulation of OsIspH1 in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Jin Lee
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung-A Baek
- Division of Life Sciences, Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Su Yu
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Min Kyoung You
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
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15
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Basu D, South PF. Design and Analysis of Native Photorespiration Gene Motifs of Promoter Untranslated Region Combinations Under Short Term Abiotic Stress Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:828729. [PMID: 35251099 PMCID: PMC8888687 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.828729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative traits are rarely controlled by a single gene, thereby making multi-gene transformation an indispensable component of modern synthetic biology approaches. However, the shortage of unique gene regulatory elements (GREs) for the robust simultaneous expression of multiple nuclear transgenes is a major bottleneck that impedes the engineering of complex pathways in plants. In this study, we compared the transcriptional efficacies of a comprehensive list of well-documented promoter and untranslated region (UTR) sequences side by side. The strength of GREs was examined by a dual-luciferase assay in conjunction with transient expression in tobacco. In addition, we created suites of new GREs with higher transcriptional efficacies by combining the best performing promoter-UTR sequences. We also tested the impact of elevated temperature and high irradiance on the effectiveness of these GREs. While constitutive promoters ensure robust expression of transgenes, they lack spatiotemporal regulations exhibited by native promoters. Here, we present a proof-of-principle study on the characterization of synthetic promoters based on cis-regulatory elements of three key photorespiratory genes. This conserved biochemical process normally increases under elevated temperature, low CO2, and high irradiance stress conditions and results in ∼25% loss in fixed CO2. To select stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements involved in photorespiration, we analyzed promoters of two chloroplast transporters (AtPLGG1 and AtBASS6) and a key plastidial enzyme, AtPGLP using PlantPAN3.0 and AthaMap. Our results suggest that these motifs play a critical role for PLGG1, BASS6, and PGLP in mediating response to elevated temperature and high-intensity light stress. These findings will not only enable the advancement of metabolic and genetic engineering of photorespiration but will also be instrumental in related synthetic biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul F. South
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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16
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Jeong YS, Choi H, Kim JK, Baek SA, You MK, Lee D, Lim SH, Ha SH. Overexpression of OsMYBR22/OsRVE1 transcription factor simultaneously enhances chloroplast-dependent metabolites in rice grains. Metab Eng 2022; 70:89-101. [PMID: 35032672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The OsMYBR22 (same to OsRVE1), an R1type-MYB transcription factor belonging to the rice CCA1-like family, was upregulated under blue light condition, which enhanced the chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation. The overexpression of OsMYBR22 in rice (Oryza sativa, L) led to everlasting green seeds and leaves of a darker green. Transgene expression patterns showed more concordance with chlorophyll than carotenoid profiles. The transcript levels of most genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation examined were similarly repressed in the late maturing stages of seeds. It proposed that rice seeds have the feedback regulatory mechanism for chlorophyll biosynthesis and also implied that evergreen seed traits might be caused due to the inhibition of degradation rather than the promotion of biosynthesis for chlorophylls. Metabolomics revealed that OsMYBR22 overexpression largely and simultaneously enhanced the contents of nutritional and functional metabolites such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, amino acids including lysine and threonine, and amino acid derivatives including γ-aminobutyric acid, which are mostly biosynthesized in chloroplasts. Transmission electron microscopy anatomically demonstrated greener phenotypes with an increase in the number and thickness of chloroplasts in leaves and the structurally retentive chloroplasts in tubular and cross cells of the seed inner pericarp region. In conclusion, the molecular actions of OsMYBR22/OsRVE1 provided a new strategy for the biofortified rice variety, an "Evergreen Rice," with high accumulation of chloroplast-localized metabolites in rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sol Jeong
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebak Choi
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-A Baek
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung You
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- School of Biotechnology, Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Van den Berg J, Prasanna BM, Midega CAO, Ronald PC, Carrière Y, Tabashnik BE. Managing Fall Armyworm in Africa: Can Bt Maize Sustainably Improve Control? JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1934-1949. [PMID: 34505143 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The recent invasion of Africa by fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a lepidopteran pest of maize and other crops, has heightened concerns about food security for millions of smallholder farmers. Maize genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a potentially useful tool for controlling fall armyworm and other lepidopteran pests of maize in Africa. In the Americas, however, fall armyworm rapidly evolved practical resistance to maize producing one Bt toxin (Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa). Also, aside from South Africa, Bt maize has not been approved for cultivation in Africa, where stakeholders in each nation will make decisions about its deployment. In the context of Africa, we address maize production and use; fall armyworm distribution, host range, and impact; fall armyworm control tactics other than Bt maize; and strategies to make Bt maize more sustainable and accessible to smallholders. We recommend mandated refuges of non-Bt maize or other non-Bt host plants of at least 50% of total maize hectares for single-toxin Bt maize and 20% for Bt maize producing two or more distinct toxins that are each highly effective against fall armyworm. The smallholder practices of planting more than one maize cultivar and intercropping maize with other fall armyworm host plants could facilitate compliance. We also propose creating and providing smallholder farmers access to Bt maize that produces four distinct Bt toxins encoded by linked genes in a single transgene cassette. Using this novel Bt maize as one component of integrated pest management could sustainably improve control of lepidopteran pests including fall armyworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnnie Van den Berg
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, IPM Program, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Boddupalli M Prasanna
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF Campus, UN Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, 00601, Kenya
| | - Charles A O Midega
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, IPM Program, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Poverty and Health Integrated Solutions, Kisumu, 40141, Kenya
| | - Pamela C Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yves Carrière
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Bruce E Tabashnik
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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18
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Elakhdar A, Fukuda M, Kubo T. Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Japonica Rice Using Mature Embryos and Regenerated Transgenic Plants. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4143. [PMID: 34692903 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel genes and their functions in rice is a critical step to improve economic traits. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation is a proven method in many laboratories and widely adopted for genetic engineering in rice. However, the efficiency of gene transfer by Agrobacterium in rice is low, particularly among japonica and indica varieties. In this protocol, we elucidate a rapid and highly efficient protocol to transform and regenerate transgenic rice plants through important key features of Agrobacterium transformation and standard regeneration media, especially enhancing culture conditions, timing, and growth hormones. With this protocol, transformed plantlets from the embryogenetic callus of the japonica cultivar 'Taichung 65' may be obtained within 90 days. This protocol may be used with other japonica rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Elakhdar
- Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Masako Fukuda
- Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kubo
- Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Alotaibi SS. Developing specific leaf promoters tools for genetic use in transgenic plants towards food security. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5187-5192. [PMID: 34466096 PMCID: PMC8380998 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant yields enrichments are necessitated for meeting the rapid global growth population together with the expected demanding for food, particularly major crops. Photosynthesis improvement is an unexploited opportunity in research on improving crop yields. However, the lack of sufficient molecular promoters tools leads to the need to explore and analyze native leaf-specified promoters for manipulating photosynthesis activities in plants. Two B. distachyon promoters, sedoheptulose-1, 7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA), were isolated and cloned into an expression vector upstream of the eYFP reporter gene. The results demonstrate that both promoters actively function in N. benthamiana leaves in both agro-transiently assays, successfully regulating expression specifically to leaf-tissues. Exploring these active promoters could potentially provide new well genetic tools for any transgene expression in plants or leaves to genetically manipulate photosynthesis for yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqer S Alotaibi
- Biotechnology Department, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. BOX 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Iwamoto M, Tsuchida-Mayama T, Ichikawa H. The transcription factor gene RDD4 contributes to the control of nutrient ion accumulation in rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:2059-2069. [PMID: 33876435 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the expression and functions of the transcription factor gene RDD4 (rice Dof daily fluctuations 4), which has sequence similarity to RDD1 that controls nutrient ion accumulation in rice. RDD4 protein was highly accumulated in leaf sheaths and localized to vascular bundles. RDD4-overexpressing plants (RDD4-OX) improved the accumulation of various nutrient ions, irrespective of nutrient concentration in a hydroponic solution. K+ and Cl- deficiencies induced the accumulation of other cations and anions, respectively. Interestingly, in RDD4-OX plants K+ and Cl- deficiencies increased PO4 3- and Mg2+ contents, respectively, despite opposite electric charges. Furthermore, PO4 3- deficiency induced NO3 - and Mg2+ accumulation in RDD4-OX plants. These data show that RDD4 is associated with the control of nutrient ion contents within plants. Also, photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in RDD4-OX plants was higher than in wild-type (WT) plants, although the sizes of shoots and panicles decreased in RDD4-OX plants. Subsequent microarray analysis indicated that OsFWL7, similar to maize CNR1 that negatively regulates plant size, showed the most significant difference in its expression levels between WT and RDD4-OX plants. Based on these results, it is hypothesized that a prominent increase in the OsFWL7 expression reduces plant size in RDD4-OX plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Iwamoto
- Division of Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tsuchida-Mayama
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ichikawa
- Division of Applied Genetics, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
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21
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Achary VMM, Sheri V, Manna M, Panditi V, Borphukan B, Ram B, Agarwal A, Fartyal D, Teotia D, Masakapalli SK, Agrawal PK, Reddy MK. Overexpression of improved EPSPS gene results in field level glyphosate tolerance and higher grain yield in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2504-2519. [PMID: 32516520 PMCID: PMC7680544 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a popular, systemic, broad-spectrum herbicide used in modern agriculture. Being a structural analog of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), it inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) which is responsible for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and various aromatic secondary metabolites. Taking a lead from glyphosate-resistant weeds, two mutant variants of the rice EPSPS gene were developed by amino acid substitution (T173I + P177S; TIPS-OsEPSPS and G172A + T173I + P177S; GATIPS-OsEPSPS). These mutated EPSPS genes were overexpressed in rice under the control of either native EPSPS or constitutive promoters (maize ubiquitin [ZmUbi] promoter). The overexpression of TIPS-OsEPSPS under the control of the ZmUbi promoter resulted in higher tolerance to glyphosate (up to threefold of the recommended dose) without affecting the fitness and related agronomic traits of plants in both controlled and field conditions. Furthermore, such rice lines produced 17%-19% more grains compared to the wild type (WT) in the absence of glyphosate application and the phenylalanine and tryptophan contents in the transgenic seeds were found to be significantly higher in comparison with WT seeds. Our results also revealed that the native promoter guided expression of modified EPSPS genes did not significantly improve the glyphosate tolerance. The present study describing the introduction of a crop-specific TIPS mutation in class I aroA gene of rice and its overexpression have potential to substantially improve the yield and field level glyphosate tolerance in rice. This is the first report to observe that the EPSPS has role to play in improving grain yield of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Mohan Murali Achary
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Vijay Sheri
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Mrinalini Manna
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Varakumar Panditi
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Bhabesh Borphukan
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Babu Ram
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Aakrati Agarwal
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Dhirendra Fartyal
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Deepa Teotia
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | | | | | - Malireddy K. Reddy
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
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23
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Ansari WA, Chandanshive SU, Bhatt V, Nadaf AB, Vats S, Katara JL, Sonah H, Deshmukh R. Genome Editing in Cereals: Approaches, Applications and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4040. [PMID: 32516948 PMCID: PMC7312557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, numerous efforts were made towards the improvement of cereal crops mostly employing traditional or molecular breeding approaches. The current scenario made it possible to efficiently explore molecular understanding by targeting different genes to achieve desirable plants. To provide guaranteed food security for the rising world population particularly under vulnerable climatic condition, development of high yielding stress tolerant crops is needed. In this regard, technologies upgradation in the field of genome editing looks promising. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 is a rapidly growing genome editing technique being effectively applied in different organisms, that includes both model and crop plants. In recent times CRISPR/Cas9 is being considered as a technology which revolutionized fundamental as well as applied research in plant breeding. Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 system has been successfully demonstrated in many cereal crops including rice, wheat, maize, and barley. Availability of whole genome sequence information for number of crops along with the advancement in genome-editing techniques provides several possibilities to achieve desirable traits. In this review, the options available for crop improvement by implementing CRISPR/Cas9 based genome-editing techniques with special emphasis on cereal crops have been summarized. Recent advances providing opportunities to simultaneously edit many target genes were also discussed. The review also addressed recent advancements enabling precise base editing and gene expression modifications. In addition, the article also highlighted limitations such as transformation efficiency, specific promoters and most importantly the ethical and regulatory issues related to commercial release of novel crop varieties developed through genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waquar A. Ansari
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India; (W.A.A.); (S.U.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Sonali U. Chandanshive
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India; (W.A.A.); (S.U.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Vacha Bhatt
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India; (W.A.A.); (S.U.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Altafhusain B. Nadaf
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India; (W.A.A.); (S.U.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Sanskriti Vats
- Agri-Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, India; (S.V.); (H.S.)
| | | | - Humira Sonah
- Agri-Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, India; (S.V.); (H.S.)
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Agri-Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali 140306, India; (S.V.); (H.S.)
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You MK, Lee YJ, Kim JK, Baek SA, Jeon YA, Lim SH, Ha SH. The organ-specific differential roles of rice DXS and DXR, the first two enzymes of the MEP pathway, in carotenoid metabolism in Oryza sativa leaves and seeds. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:167. [PMID: 32293285 PMCID: PMC7161295 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) are the enzymes that catalyze the first two enzyme steps of the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway to supply the isoprene building-blocks of carotenoids. Plant DXR and DXS enzymes have been reported to function differently depending on the plant species. In this study, the differential roles of rice DXS and DXR genes in carotenoid metabolism were investigated. RESULTS The accumulation of carotenoids in rice seeds co-expressing OsDXS2 and stPAC was largely enhanced by 3.4-fold relative to the stPAC seeds and 315.3-fold relative to non-transgenic (NT) seeds, while the overexpression of each OsDXS2 or OsDXR caused no positive effect on the accumulation of either carotenoids or chlorophylls in leaves and seeds, suggesting that OsDXS2 functions as a rate-limiting enzyme supplying IPP/DMAPPs to seed carotenoid metabolism, but OsDXR doesn't in either leaves or seeds. The expressions of OsDXS1, OsPSY1, OsPSY2, and OsBCH2 genes were upregulated regardless of the reductions of chlorophylls and carotenoids in leaves; however, there was no significant change in the expression of most carotenogenic genes, even though there was a 315.3-fold increase in the amount of carotenoid in rice seeds. These non-proportional expression patterns in leaves and seeds suggest that those metabolic changes of carotenoids were associated with overexpression of the OsDXS2, OsDXR and stPAC transgenes, and the capacities of the intermediate biosynthetic enzymes might be much more important for those metabolic alterations than the transcript levels of intermediate biosynthetic genes are. Taken together, we propose a 'Three Faucets and Cisterns Model' about the relationship among the rate-limiting enzymes OsDXSs, OsPSYs, and OsBCHs as a "Faucet", the biosynthetic capacity of intermediate metabolites as a "Cistern", and the carotenoid accumulations as the content of "Cistern". CONCLUSION Our study suggests that OsDXS2 plays an important role as a rate-limiting enzyme supplying IPP/DMAPPs to the seed-carotenoid accumulation, and rice seed carotenoid metabolism could be largely enhanced without any significant transcriptional alteration of carotenogenic genes. Finally, the "Three Faucets and Cisterns model" presents the extenuating circumstance to elucidate rice seed carotenoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- MK You
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - YJ Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - JK Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - SA Baek
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - YA Jeon
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - SH Lim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874 Republic of Korea
| | - SH Ha
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
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Basso MF, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Busanello C, Pinto CEM, de Oliveira Freitas E, Ribeiro TP, de Almeida Engler J, de Oliveira AC, Morgante CV, Alves-Ferreira M, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Insights obtained using different modules of the cotton uceA1.7 promoter. PLANTA 2020; 251:56. [PMID: 32006110 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the cotton uceA1.7 promoter and its modules was analyzed; the potential of their key sequences has been confirmed in different tissues, proving to be a good candidate for the development of new biotechnological tools. Transcriptional promoters are among the primary genetic engineering elements used to control genes of interest (GOIs) associated with agronomic traits. Cotton uceA1.7 was previously characterized as a constitutive promoter with activity higher than that of the constitutive promoter from the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S gene in various plant tissues. In this study, we generated Arabidopsis thaliana homozygous events stably overexpressing the gfp reporter gene driven by different modules of the uceA1.7 promoter. The expression level of the reporter gene in different plant tissues and the transcriptional stability of these modules was determined compared to its full-length promoter and the 35S promoter. The full-length uceA1.7 promoter exhibited higher activity in different plant tissues compared to the 35S promoter. Two modules of the promoter produced a low and unstable transcription level compared to the other promoters. The other two modules rich in cis-regulatory elements showed similar activity levels to full-length uceA1.7 and 35S promoters but were less stable. This result suggests the location of a minimal portion of the promoter that is required to initiate transcription properly (the core promoter). Additionally, the full-length uceA1.7 promoter containing the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) is essential for higher transcriptional stability in various plant tissues. These findings confirm the potential use of the full-length uceA1.7 promoter for the development of new biotechnological tools (NBTs) to achieve higher expression levels of GOIs in, for example, the root or flower bud for the efficient control of phytonematodes and pest-insects, respectively, in important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernando Basso
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil.
| | | | - Carlos Busanello
- Federal University of Pelotas, Capão Do Leão, RS, 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Clidia Eduarda Moreira Pinto
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- Federal University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Elínea de Oliveira Freitas
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- Federal University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Thuanne Pires Ribeiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carolina Vianna Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- Embrapa Semi Arid, Petrolina, PE, 56302-970, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final, W5 Norte, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil.
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 71966-700, Brazil.
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Jadamba C, Kang K, Paek NC, Lee SI, Yoo SC. Overexpression of Rice Expansin7 ( Osexpa7) Confers Enhanced Tolerance to Salt Stress in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020454. [PMID: 31936829 PMCID: PMC7013816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansins are key regulators of cell-wall extension and are also involved in the abiotic stress response. In this study, we evaluated the function of OsEXPA7 involved in salt stress tolerance. Phenotypic analysis showed that OsEXPA7 overexpression remarkably enhanced tolerance to salt stress. OsEXPA7 was highly expressed in the shoot apical meristem, root, and the leaf sheath. Promoter activity of OsEXPA7:GUS was mainly observed in vascular tissues of roots and leaves. Morphological analysis revealed structural alterations in the root and leaf vasculature of OsEXPA7 overexpressing (OX) lines. OsEXPA7 overexpression resulted in decreased sodium ion (Na+) and accumulated potassium ion (K+) in the leaves and roots. Under salt stress, higher antioxidant activity was also observed in the OsEXPA7-OX lines, as indicated by lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and increased antioxidant activity, when compared with the wild-type (WT) plants. In addition, transcriptional analysis using RNA-seq and RT-PCR revealed that genes involved in cation exchange, auxin signaling, cell-wall modification, and transcription were differentially expressed between the OX and WT lines. Notably, salt overly sensitive 1, which is a sodium transporter, was highly upregulated in the OX lines. These results suggest that OsEXPA7 plays an important role in increasing salt stress tolerance by coordinating sodium transport, ROS scavenging, and cell-wall loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuluuntsetseg Jadamba
- Crop Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Department of Plant Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Jungangro, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17579, Korea;
| | - Kiyoon Kang
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea; (K.K.); (N.-C.P.)
| | - Nam-Chon Paek
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea; (K.K.); (N.-C.P.)
| | - Soo In Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.I.L.); (S.-C.Y.)
| | - Soo-Cheul Yoo
- Crop Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Department of Plant Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Jungangro, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17579, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.I.L.); (S.-C.Y.)
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Feike D, Korolev AV, Soumpourou E, Murakami E, Reid D, Breakspear A, Rogers C, Radutoiu S, Stougaard J, Harwood WA, Oldroyd GED, Miller J. Characterizing standard genetic parts and establishing common principles for engineering legume and cereal roots. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2234-2245. [PMID: 31022324 PMCID: PMC6835126 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology and cereal engineering depend on the controlled expression of transgenes of interest. Most engineering in plant species to date has relied heavily on the use of a few, well-established constitutive promoters to achieve high levels of expression; however, the levels of transgene expression can also be influenced by the use of codon optimization, intron-mediated enhancement and varying terminator sequences. Most of these alternative approaches for regulating transgene expression have only been tested in small-scale experiments, typically testing a single gene of interest. It is therefore difficult to interpret the relative importance of these approaches and to design engineering strategies that are likely to succeed in different plant species, particularly if engineering multigenic traits where the expression of each transgene needs to be precisely regulated. Here, we present data on the characterization of 46 promoters and 10 terminators in Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, Nicotiana benthamiana and Hordeum vulgare, as well as the effects of codon optimization and intron-mediated enhancement on the expression of two transgenes in H. vulgare. We have identified a core set of promoters and terminators of relevance to researchers engineering novel traits in plant roots. In addition, we have shown that combining codon optimization and intron-mediated enhancement increases transgene expression and protein levels in barley. Based on our study, we recommend a core set of promoters and terminators for broad use and also propose a general set of principles and guidelines for those engineering cereal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Feike
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Present address:
EMBL HeidelbergMeyerhofstraße 169117HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Eleni Soumpourou
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Present address:
Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of Cambridge47 Bateman StreetCambridgeCB2 1LRUK
| | - Eiichi Murakami
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Present address:
GRA&GREEN Inc., Incubation Center 106Nagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoya464‐0814Japan
| | - Dugald Reid
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Christian Rogers
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Present address:
Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of Cambridge47 Bateman StreetCambridgeCB2 1LRUK
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Giles E. D. Oldroyd
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Present address:
Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of Cambridge47 Bateman StreetCambridgeCB2 1LRUK
| | - J. Benjamin Miller
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
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Redillas MCFR, Bang SW, Lee D, Kim YS, Jung H, Chung PJ, Suh J, Kim J. Allantoin accumulation through overexpression of ureide permease1 improves rice growth under limited nitrogen conditions. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1289-1301. [PMID: 30565833 PMCID: PMC6577366 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In legumes, nitrogen (N) can be stored as ureide allantoin and transported by ureide permease (UPS) from nodules to leaves where it is catabolized to release ammonium and assimilation to amino acids. In non-leguminous plants especially rice, information on its roles in N metabolism is scarce. Here, we show that OsUPS1 is localized in plasma membranes and are highly expressed in vascular tissues of rice. We further evaluated an activation tagging rice overexpressing OsUPS1 (OsUPS1OX ) under several N regimes. Under normal field conditions, panicles from OsUPS1OX plants (14 days after flowering (DAF)) showed significant allantoin accumulation. Under hydroponic system at the vegetative stage, plants were exposed to N-starvation and measured the ammonium in roots after resupplying with ammonium sulphate. OsUPS1OX plants displayed higher ammonium uptake in roots compared to wild type (WT). When grown under low-N soil supplemented with different N-concentrations, OsUPS1OX exhibited better growth at 50% N showing higher chlorophyll, tiller number and at least 20% increase in shoot and root biomass relative to WT. To further confirm the effects of regulating the expression of OsUPS1, we evaluated whole-body-overexpressing plants driven by the GOS2 promoter (OsUPS1GOS2 ) as well as silencing plants (OsUPS1RNAi ). We found significant accumulation of allantoin in leaves, stems and roots of OsUPS1GOS2 while in OsUPS1RNAi allantoin was significantly accumulated in roots. We propose that OsUPS1 is responsible for allantoin partitioning in rice and its overexpression can support plant growth through accumulation of allantoin in sink tissues which can be utilized when N is limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christian Felipe R. Redillas
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop BiotechnologyInstitute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Present address:
Department of BiologyDe La Salle UniversityManilaPhilippines
| | - Seung Woon Bang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop BiotechnologyInstitute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Dong‐Keun Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop BiotechnologyInstitute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop BiotechnologyInstitute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Harin Jung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop BiotechnologyInstitute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Present address:
NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI)Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop BiotechnologyInstitute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Present address:
Temasek Life Science LaboratoryNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Joo‐Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical MaterialsDivision of Bioscience and BioinformaticsMyongji UniversityYonginGyeonggiKorea
| | - Ju‐Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop BiotechnologyInstitute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
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Ali S, Kim WC. A Fruitful Decade Using Synthetic Promoters in the Improvement of Transgenic Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1433. [PMID: 31737027 PMCID: PMC6838210 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Advances in plant biotechnology provide various means to improve crop productivity and greatly contributing to sustainable agriculture. A significant advance in plant biotechnology has been the availability of novel synthetic promoters for precise spatial and temporal control of transgene expression. In this article, we review the development of various synthetic promotors and the rise of their use over the last several decades for regulating the transcription of various transgenes. Similarly, we provided a brief description of the structure and scope of synthetic promoters and the engineering of their cis-regulatory elements for different targets. Moreover, the functional characteristics of different synthetic promoters, their modes of regulating the expression of candidate genes in response to different conditions, and the resulting plant trait improvements reported in the past decade are discussed.
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Bang SW, Lee D, Jung H, Chung PJ, Kim YS, Choi YD, Suh J, Kim J. Overexpression of OsTF1L, a rice HD-Zip transcription factor, promotes lignin biosynthesis and stomatal closure that improves drought tolerance. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:118-131. [PMID: 29781573 PMCID: PMC6330637 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress seriously impacts on plant development and productivity. Improvement of drought tolerance without yield penalty is a great challenge in crop biotechnology. Here, we report that the rice (Oryza sativa) homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factor gene, OsTF1L (Oryza sativa transcription factor 1-like), is a key regulator of drought tolerance mechanisms. Overexpression of the OsTF1L in rice significantly increased drought tolerance at the vegetative stages of growth and promoted both effective photosynthesis and a reduction in the water loss rate under drought conditions. Importantly, the OsTF1L overexpressing plants showed a higher drought tolerance at the reproductive stage of growth with a higher grain yield than nontransgenic controls under field-drought conditions. Genomewide analysis of OsTF1L overexpression plants revealed up-regulation of drought-inducible, stomatal movement and lignin biosynthetic genes. Overexpression of OsTF1L promoted accumulation of lignin in shoots, whereas the RNAi lines showed opposite patterns of lignin accumulation. OsTF1L is mainly expressed in outer cell layers including the epidermis, and the vasculature of the shoots, which coincides with areas of lignification. In addition, OsTF1L overexpression enhances stomatal closure under drought conditions resulted in drought tolerance. More importantly, OsTF1L directly bound to the promoters of lignin biosynthesis and drought-related genes involving poxN/PRX38, Nodulin protein, DHHC4, CASPL5B1 and AAA-type ATPase. Collectively, our results provide a new insight into the role of OsTF1L in enhancing drought tolerance through lignin biosynthesis and stomatal closure in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woon Bang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical MaterialsDivision of BioinformaticsMyongji UniversityYongin, GyeonggiKorea
| | - Dong‐Keun Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Harin Jung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Present address:
NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological InnovationDepartment of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore117596Singapore
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Joo‐Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical MaterialsDivision of BioinformaticsMyongji UniversityYongin, GyeonggiKorea
| | - Ju‐Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
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Um TY, Lee HY, Lee S, Chang SH, Chung PJ, Oh KB, Kim JK, Jang G, Choi YD. Jasmonate Zim-Domain Protein 9 Interacts With Slender Rice 1 to Mediate the Antagonistic Interaction Between Jasmonic and Gibberellic Acid Signals in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1866. [PMID: 30619427 PMCID: PMC6305323 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathways interact to coordinate stress responses and developmental processes. This coordination affects plant growth and yield, and is mediated by interactions between the repressors of each pathway, the JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN PROTEIN (JAZ) and DELLA proteins. In this study we attempted to identify rice (Oryza sativa) JAZs that interact with rice DELLAs such as SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1). Analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that OsJAZ8 and OsJAZ9 interact with SLR1; OsJAZ9 also interacted with the SLR1-LIKE (SLRL) protein SLRL2. Based on this broader interaction, we explored the function of OsJAZ9 in JA and GA responses by analyzing transcript levels of the JA-responsive gene OsbHLH148 and the GA-responsive gene OsPIL14 in OsJAZ9-overexpressing (OsJAZ9-Ox) and osjaz9 mutant plants. OsbHLH148 and OsPIL14 encode key transcription factors controlling JA and GA responses, respectively, and JA and GA antagonistically regulate their expression. In OsJAZ9-Ox, the expression of OsbHLH148 was downregulated and the expression of OsPIL14 was upregulated. By contrast, in osjaz9 mutants, the expression of OsbHLH148 was upregulated and the expression of OsPIL14 was downregulated. These observations indicated that OsJAZ9 regulates both JA and GA responses in rice, and this finding was supported by the opposite expression patterns of OsDREB1s, downstream targets of OsbHLH148 and OsPIL14, in the OsJAZ9-Ox and osjaz9 plants. Together, these findings indicate that OsJAZ9 suppresses JA responses and promotes GA responses in rice, and the protein-protein interaction between OsJAZ9 and SLR1 is involved in the antagonistic interplay between JA and GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Young Um
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Yong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangyool Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Hyun Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Geupil Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Ectopic expression of mutated type 2C protein phosphatase OsABI-LIKE2 decreases abscisic acid sensitivity in Arabidopsis and rice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12320. [PMID: 30120350 PMCID: PMC6097999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that is necessary for stress adaptation. Recent studies have reported that attenuated levels of ABA improved grain yield and seedling growth under low temperature in cereals. To improve plant growth under low temperature, we attempted to generate ABA-insensitive transgenic rice by expressing a clade A type 2C protein phosphatase (OsPP2C), OsABIL2, with or without the mutation equivalent to the Arabidopsis abi1-1 mutation. A yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that the interaction between OsABIL2 and a putative rice ABA receptor, OsPYL1, was ABA-dependent, and the interaction was lost with amino acid substitution from glycine to aspartic acid at the 183rd amino acid of the OsABIL2 protein, corresponding to abi1-1 mutation. The constitutive expression of OsABIL2 or OsABIL2G183D in Arabidopsis or rice decreased ABA sensitivity to differing degrees. Moreover, the transgenic rice expressing OsABIL2G183D exhibited improved seedling growth under low temperature, although the transgenic lines showed unfavorable traits, such as viviparous germination and elongated internodes. These results indicated that the introduction of abi1-1 type dominant mutation was also effective in OsABIL2 at decreasing ABA sensitivity in plants, and the attenuation of ABA sensitivity could be an alternative parameter to improve rice performance under low temperatures.
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33
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Erpen L, Tavano ECR, Harakava R, Dutt M, Grosser JW, Piedade SMS, Mendes BMJ, Mourão Filho FAA. Isolation, characterization, and evaluation of three Citrus sinensis-derived constitutive gene promoters. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1113-1125. [PMID: 29796947 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory sequences from the citrus constitutive genes cyclophilin (CsCYP), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase C2 (CsGAPC2), and elongation factor 1-alpha (CsEF1) were isolated, fused to the uidA gene, and qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated in transgenic sweet orange plants. The 5' upstream region of a gene (the promoter) is the most important component for the initiation and regulation of gene transcription of both native genes and transgenes in plants. The isolation and characterization of gene regulatory sequences are essential to the development of intragenic or cisgenic genetic manipulation strategies, which imply the use of genetic material from the same species or from closely related species. We describe herein the isolation and evaluation of the promoter sequence from three constitutively expressed citrus genes: cyclophilin (CsCYP), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase C2 (CsGAPC2), and elongation factor 1-alpha (CsEF1). The functionality of the promoters was confirmed by a histochemical GUS assay in leaves, stems, and roots of stably transformed citrus plants expressing the promoter-uidA construct. Lower uidA mRNA levels were detected when the transgene was under the control of citrus promoters as compared to the expression under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. The association of the uidA gene with the citrus-derived promoters resulted in mRNA levels of up to 60-41.8% of the value obtained with the construct containing CaMV35S driving the uidA gene. Moreover, a lower inter-individual variability in transgene expression was observed amongst the different transgenic lines, where gene constructs containing citrus-derived promoters were used. In silico analysis of the citrus-derived promoter sequences revealed that their activity may be controlled by several putative cis-regulatory elements. These citrus promoters will expand the availability of regulatory sequences for driving gene expression in citrus gene-modification programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Erpen
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - E C R Tavano
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - R Harakava
- Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, SP, 04014-002, Brazil
| | - M Dutt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - J W Grosser
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - S M S Piedade
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - B M J Mendes
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - F A A Mourão Filho
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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Whitcomb SJ, Nguyen HC, Brückner F, Hesse H, Hoefgen R. CYSTATHIONINE GAMMA-SYNTHASE activity in rice is developmentally regulated and strongly correlated with sulfate. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 270:234-244. [PMID: 29576077 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An important goal of rice cultivar development is improvement of protein quality, especially with respect to essential amino acids such as methionine. With the goal of increasing seed methionine content, we generated Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Taipei 309 transgenic lines expressing a feedback-desensitized CYSTATHIONINE GAMMA-SYNTHASE from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtD-CGS) under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter. Despite persistently elevated cystathionine gamma-synthase (CGS) activity in the AtD-CGS transgenic lines relative to untransformed Taipei, sulfate was the only sulfur-containing compound found to be elevated throughout vegetative development. Accumulation of methionine and other sulfur-containing metabolites was limited to the leaves of young plants. Sulfate concentration was found to strongly and positively correlate with CGS activity across vegetative development, irrespective of whether the activity was provided by the endogenous rice CGS or by a combination of endogenous and AtD-CGS. Conversely, the concentrations of glutathione, valine, and leucine were clearly negatively correlated with CGS activity in the same tissues. We also observed a strong decrease in CGS activity in both untransformed Taipei and the AtD-CGS transgenic lines as the plants approached heading stage. The mechanism for this downregulation is currently unknown and of potential importance for efforts to increase methionine content in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Whitcomb
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Huu Cuong Nguyen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, AG Genetics, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Franziska Brückner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Holger Hesse
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Li J, Qin R, Xu R, Li H, Yang Y, Li L, Wei P, Yang J. Isolation and identification of five cold-inducible promoters from Oryza sativa. PLANTA 2018; 247:99-111. [PMID: 28879616 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Five promoters of the cold-inducible rice genes were isolated. The quantitative and qualitative expression analyses in the high generation transgenic rice suggest that the genes are stably induced by low temperature. Cold-inducible promoters are highly desirable for stress-inducible gene expression in crop genetic engineering. In this study, five rice genes, including OsABA8ox1, OsMYB1R35, OsERF104, OsCYP19-4, and OsABCB5, were found to be transcriptionally induced by cold stress. The promoters of these five genes were isolated, and their activities were identified in various tissues of transgenic rice plants at different growth stages both before and after cold stress. Histochemical staining, quantitative fluorescence assays, and GUSplus gene expression assays in corresponding promoter-GUSplus transgenic rice plants confirmed that the five promoters were cold-inducible with different expression patterns and strengths. The OsABA8ox1 and OsERF104 promoters had very low background expression; in contrast, the OsMYB1R35 promoter had higher basal activity in the roots, and OsCYP19-4 promoter activity was preferentially high in leaves and flowers of untreated transgenic lines. The OsABCB5 promoter had the highest basal activity among the five promoters. After cold induction, the activities of the OsABA8ox1, OsMYB1R35, and OsABCB5 promoters were high in both roots and leaves, slightly lower than that of the constitutively expressed OsActin1 promoter but comparable to that of the AtRD29A promoter. During the cold treatment time course, the activities of OsABA8ox1 and OsABCB5 promoters were quickly up-regulated in the early period and peaked at 24 h, after which the induction level gradually decreased until 48 h. The activities of the OsMYB1R35 and OsCYP19-4 promoters increased under stress in a time-dependent manner, while OsERF104 promoter activity began to increase at 4 h and then decreased strongly. Furthermore, activities' analysis in T3, T4, and T5 homozygous progeny of single-copy plants revealed that five promoters maintained their activities at comparable levels with no evidence of silencing under cold stress. Overall, the five cold-inducible rice promoters described herein could potentially be used in crop biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ruiying Qin
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Rongfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yachun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Pengcheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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Ferreira THS, Tsunada MS, Bassi D, Araújo P, Mattiello L, Guidelli GV, Righetto GL, Gonçalves VR, Lakshmanan P, Menossi M. Sugarcane Water Stress Tolerance Mechanisms and Its Implications on Developing Biotechnology Solutions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1077. [PMID: 28690620 PMCID: PMC5481406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is a unique crop with the ability to accumulate high levels of sugar and is a commercially viable source of biomass for bioelectricity and second-generation bioethanol. Water deficit is the single largest abiotic stress affecting sugarcane productivity and the development of water use efficient and drought tolerant cultivars is an imperative for all major sugarcane producing countries. This review summarizes the physiological and molecular studies on water deficit stress in sugarcane, with the aim to help formulate more effective research strategies for advancing our knowledge on genes and mechanisms underpinning plant response to water stress. We also overview transgenic studies in sugarcane, with an emphasis on the potential strategies to develop superior sugarcane varieties that improve crop productivity in drought-prone environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais H. S. Ferreira
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Max S. Tsunada
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Denis Bassi
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Pedro Araújo
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Lucia Mattiello
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Giovanna V. Guidelli
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Germanna L. Righetto
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R. Gonçalves
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Menossi
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
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37
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Zhang L, Routsong R, Nguyen Q, Rylott EL, Bruce NC, Strand SE. Expression in grasses of multiple transgenes for degradation of munitions compounds on live-fire training ranges. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:624-633. [PMID: 27862819 PMCID: PMC5399000 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of toxic munitions compounds, such as hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine (RDX), on soils around targets in live-fire training ranges is an important source of groundwater contamination. Plants take up RDX but do not significantly degrade it. Reported here is the transformation of two perennial grass species, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), with the genes for degradation of RDX. These species possess a number of agronomic traits making them well equipped for the uptake and removal of RDX from root zone leachates. Transformation vectors were constructed with xplA and xplB, which confer the ability to degrade RDX, and nfsI, which encodes a nitroreductase for the detoxification of the co-contaminating explosive 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The vectors were transformed into the grass species using Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection. All transformed grass lines showing high transgene expression levels removed significantly more RDX from hydroponic solutions and retained significantly less RDX in their leaf tissues than wild-type plants. Soil columns planted with the best-performing switchgrass line were able to prevent leaching of RDX through a 0.5-m root zone. These plants represent a promising plant biotechnology to sustainably remove RDX from training range soil, thus preventing contamination of groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Ryan Routsong
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Quyen Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | | | | | - Stuart E. Strand
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
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38
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Ferreira THS, Tsunada MS, Bassi D, Araújo P, Mattiello L, Guidelli GV, Righetto GL, Gonçalves VR, Lakshmanan P, Menossi M. Sugarcane Water Stress Tolerance Mechanisms and Its Implications on Developing Biotechnology Solutions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1077. [PMID: 28690620 PMCID: PMC5481406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01077/full 10.3389/fpls.2017.01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is a unique crop with the ability to accumulate high levels of sugar and is a commercially viable source of biomass for bioelectricity and second-generation bioethanol. Water deficit is the single largest abiotic stress affecting sugarcane productivity and the development of water use efficient and drought tolerant cultivars is an imperative for all major sugarcane producing countries. This review summarizes the physiological and molecular studies on water deficit stress in sugarcane, with the aim to help formulate more effective research strategies for advancing our knowledge on genes and mechanisms underpinning plant response to water stress. We also overview transgenic studies in sugarcane, with an emphasis on the potential strategies to develop superior sugarcane varieties that improve crop productivity in drought-prone environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais H. S. Ferreira
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Max S. Tsunada
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Denis Bassi
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Pedro Araújo
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Lucia Mattiello
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Giovanna V. Guidelli
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Germanna L. Righetto
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R. Gonçalves
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Menossi
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marcelo Menossi
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Malhotra K, Subramaniyan M, Rawat K, Kalamuddin M, Qureshi MI, Malhotra P, Mohmmed A, Cornish K, Daniell H, Kumar S. Compartmentalized Metabolic Engineering for Artemisinin Biosynthesis and Effective Malaria Treatment by Oral Delivery of Plant Cells. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1464-1477. [PMID: 27773616 PMCID: PMC5980236 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin is highly effective against drug-resistant malarial parasites, which affects nearly half of the global population and kills >500 000 people each year. The primary cost of artemisinin is the very expensive process used to extract and purify the drug from Artemisia annua. Elimination of this apparently unnecessary step will make this potent antimalarial drug affordable to the global population living in endemic regions. Here we reported the oral delivery of a non-protein drug artemisinin biosynthesized (∼0.8 mg/g dry weight) at clinically meaningful levels in tobacco by engineering two metabolic pathways targeted to three different cellular compartments (chloroplast, nucleus, and mitochondria). The doubly transgenic lines showed a three-fold enhancement of isopentenyl pyrophosphate, and targeting AACPR, DBR2, and CYP71AV1 to chloroplasts resulted in higher expression and an efficient photo-oxidation of dihydroartemisinic acid to artemisinin. Partially purified extracts from the leaves of transgenic tobacco plants inhibited in vitro growth progression of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells. Oral feeding of whole intact plant cells bioencapsulating the artemisinin reduced the parasitemia levels in challenged mice in comparison with commercial drug. Such novel synergistic approaches should facilitate low-cost production and delivery of artemisinin and other drugs through metabolic engineering of edible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Malhotra
- Metabolic Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mayavan Subramaniyan
- Metabolic Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Khushboo Rawat
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Md Kalamuddin
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - M Irfan Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Pawan Malhotra
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Asif Mohmmed
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Katrina Cornish
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shashi Kumar
- Metabolic Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Lee DK, Jung H, Jang G, Jeong JS, Kim YS, Ha SH, Do Choi Y, Kim JK. Overexpression of the OsERF71 Transcription Factor Alters Rice Root Structure and Drought Resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:575-88. [PMID: 27382137 PMCID: PMC5074616 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to drought stress require the regulation of transcriptional networks via drought-responsive transcription factors, which mediate a range of morphological and physiological changes. AP2/ERF transcription factors are known to act as key regulators of drought resistance transcriptional networks; however, little is known about the associated molecular mechanisms that give rise to specific morphological and physiological adaptations. In this study, we functionally characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) drought-responsive AP2/ERF transcription factor OsERF71, which is expressed predominantly in the root meristem, pericycle, and endodermis. Overexpression of OsERF71, either throughout the entire plant or specifically in roots, resulted in a drought resistance phenotype at the vegetative growth stage, indicating that overexpression in roots was sufficient to confer drought resistance. The root-specific overexpression was more effective in conferring drought resistance at the reproductive stage, such that grain yield was increased by 23% to 42% over wild-type plants or whole-body overexpressing transgenic lines under drought conditions. OsERF71 overexpression in roots elevated the expression levels of genes related to cell wall loosening and lignin biosynthetic genes, which correlated with changes in root structure, the formation of enlarged aerenchyma, and high lignification levels. Furthermore, OsERF71 was found to directly bind to the promoter of OsCINNAMOYL-COENZYME A REDUCTASE1, a key gene in lignin biosynthesis. These results indicate that the OsERF71-mediated drought resistance pathway recruits factors involved in cell wall modification to enable root morphological adaptations, thereby providing a mechanism for enhancing drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Harin Jung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Geupil Jang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Jin Seo Jeong
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
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De Guglielmo C ZM, Fernandez Da Silva R. Principales promotores utilizados en la transformación genética de plantas. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v18n2.61529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El conocimiento pleno de los promotores determina el éxito en la obtención de nuevos cultivares de plantas a través de técnicas biotecnológicas, ya que dicha secuencia del ADN regula la transcripción de otras regiones adyacentes o cercanas, encontrándose los siguientes promotores: constitutivos, tejido-específicos o estadio-específicos, inducibles y sintéticos. En esta revisión se resume de manera precisa los conceptos, ventajas y limitaciones de los distintos tipos de promotores, con ejemplos claros de ello.Palabras clave: promotor, biotecnología vegetal, transcripción genética.
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Park SH, Ong RG, Sticklen M. Strategies for the production of cell wall-deconstructing enzymes in lignocellulosic biomass and their utilization for biofuel production. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1329-44. [PMID: 26627868 PMCID: PMC5063159 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microbial cell wall-deconstructing enzymes are widely used in the food, wine, pulp and paper, textile, and detergent industries and will be heavily utilized by cellulosic biorefineries in the production of fuels and chemicals. Due to their ability to use freely available solar energy, genetically engineered bioenergy crops provide an attractive alternative to microbial bioreactors for the production of cell wall-deconstructing enzymes. This review article summarizes the efforts made within the last decade on the production of cell wall-deconstructing enzymes in planta for use in the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. A number of strategies have been employed to increase enzyme yields and limit negative impacts on plant growth and development including targeting heterologous enzymes into specific subcellular compartments using signal peptides, using tissue-specific or inducible promoters to limit the expression of enzymes to certain portions of the plant or certain times, and fusion of amplification sequences upstream of the coding region to enhance expression. We also summarize methods that have been used to access and maintain activity of plant-generated enzymes when used in conjunction with thermochemical pretreatments for the production of lignocellulosic biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyuck Park
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca Garlock Ong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Mariam Sticklen
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Komakhin RA, Vysotskii DA, Shukurov RR, Voblikova VD, Komakhina VV, Strelnikova SR, Vetchinkina EM, Babakov AV. Novel strong promoter of antimicrobial peptides gene pro-SmAMP2 from chickweed (Stellaria media). BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:43. [PMID: 27189173 PMCID: PMC4870781 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous study we found that in chickweed the expression level of the pro-SmAMP2 gene was comparable or even higher to that of the β-actin gene. This high level of the gene expression has attracted our attention as an opportunity for the identification of novel strong promoters of plant origin, which could find its application in plant biotechnology. Therefore, in the present study we focused on the nucleotide sequence identification and the functional characteristics of the pro-SmAMP2 promoter in transgenic plants. RESULTS In chickweed (Stellaria media), a 2120 bp promoter region of the pro-SmAMP2 gene encoding antifungal peptides was sequenced. Six 5'-deletion variants -2120, -1504, -1149, -822, -455, and -290 bp of pro-SmAMP2 gene promoter were fused with the coding region of the reporter gene gusA in the plant expression vector pCambia1381Z. Independent transgenic plants of tobacco Nicotiana tabacum were obtained with each genetic structure. GUS protein activity assay in extracts from transgenic plants showed that all deletion variants of the promoter, except -290 bp, expressed the gusA gene. In most transgenic plants, the GUS activity level was comparable or higher than in plants with the viral promoter CaMV 35S. GUS activity remains high in progenies and its level correlates positively with the amount of gusA gene mRNA in T3 homozygous plants. The activity of the рro-SmAMP2 promoter was detected in all organs of the transgenic plants studied, during meiosis and in pollen as well. CONCLUSION Our results show that the рro-SmAMP2 promoter can be used for target genes expression control in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Komakhin
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiriazevskaya 42, 127550, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Denis A Vysotskii
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiriazevskaya 42, 127550, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vera D Voblikova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiriazevskaya 42, 127550, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera V Komakhina
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiriazevskaya 42, 127550, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana R Strelnikova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiriazevskaya 42, 127550, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina M Vetchinkina
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiriazevskaya 42, 127550, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Babakov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiriazevskaya 42, 127550, Moscow, Russia
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Pérez Bernal M, Abreu Remedios D, Valdivia Pérez O, Delgado Rigo M, Armas Ramos R. Evaluación de tres promotores constitutivos para la expresión GUS en arroz (Oryza sativa L., cv. J-104). REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v18n1.57716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>Se analizó la expresión constitutiva del gen reportero de la ß-Glucuronidasa (GUS) fusionado a tres promotores: el 35S del virus del mosaico de la coliflor (CaMV), el promotor quimérico A9 que contiene la actina-1 de arroz y el promotor ubiquitina-1 de maíz. La actividad de los promotores fue analizada cualitativa y cuantitativamente en diferentes tejidos y estadíos de crecimiento de plantas de arroz (variedad J-104) transformadas mediante biobalística. Se demostró la expresión constitutiva de GUS bajo los promotores estudiados, con distintos patrones de actividad relativa en hojas, tallos y raíces de plantas in vitro y ex vitro, y en plantas de la progenie T 1. Bajo el promotor quimérico A9 se lograron los mayores niveles de expresión GUS en todos los tejidos y fases de crecimiento de las plantas.</p>
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Lee DK, Kim HI, Jang G, Chung PJ, Jeong JS, Kim YS, Bang SW, Jung H, Choi YD, Kim JK. The NF-YA transcription factor OsNF-YA7 confers drought stress tolerance of rice in an abscisic acid independent manner. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 241:199-210. [PMID: 26706071 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of plant response and adaptation to drought stress require the regulation of transcriptional networks via the induction of drought-responsive transcription factors. Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factors have aroused interest in roles of plant drought stress responses. However, the molecular mechanism of the NF-Y-induced drought tolerance is not well understood. Here, we functionally analyzed two rice NF-YA genes, OsNF-YA7 and OsNF-YA4. Expression of OsNF-YA7 was induced by drought stress and its overexpression in transgenic rice plants improved their drought tolerance. In contrast, OsNF-YA4 expression was not increased by drought stress and its overexpression in transgenic rice plants did not affect their sensitivity to drought stress. OsNF-YA4 expression was highly induced by the stress-related hormone abscisic acid (ABA), while OsNF-YA7 was not, indicating that OsNF-YA7 mediates drought tolerance in an ABA-independent manner. Analysis of the OsNF-YA7 promoter revealed three ABA-independent DRE/CTR elements and RNA-seq analysis identified 48 genes downstream of OsNFYA7 action putatively involved in the OsNF-YA7-mediated drought tolerance pathway. Taken together, our results suggest an important role for OsNF-YA7 in rice drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Hyung Il Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Geupil Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea.
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Jin Seo Jeong
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Seung Woon Bang
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Harin Jung
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea.
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
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Bang SW, Park SH, Kim YS, Choi YD, Kim JK. The activities of four constitutively expressed promoters in single-copy transgenic rice plants for two homozygous generations. PLANTA 2015; 241:1529-1541. [PMID: 25809149 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized four novel constitutive promoters ARP1, H3F3, HSP and H2BF3 that are active in all tissues/stages of transgenic plants and stable over two homozygous generations. Gene promoters that are active and stable over several generations in transgenic plants are valuable tools for plant research and biotechnology. In this study, we characterized four putative constitutive promoters (ARP1, H3F3, HSP and H2BF3) in transgenic rice plants. Promoter regions were fused to the green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter gene and transformed into rice. Single-copy transgenic lines were then selected and promoter activity was analyzed in various organs and tissues of two successive homozygous generations. All four promoters showed a broad expression profile in most tissues and developmental stages, and indeed the expression of the ARP1 and H3F3 promoters was even greater than that of the PGD1 promoter, a previously described constitutive promoter that has been used in transgenic rice. This observation was based on expression levels in leaves, roots, dry seeds and flowers in both the T2 and T3 generations. Each promoter exhibited comparable levels of activity over two homozygous generations with no sign of transgene silencing, which is an important characteristic of promoters to be used in crop biotechnology applications. These promoters therefore have considerable potential value for the stable and constitutive expression of transgenes in monocotyledonous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woon Bang
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 232-916, Korea,
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Chakravarthi M, Philip A, Subramonian N. Truncated Ubiquitin 5′ Regulatory Region from Erianthus arundinaceus Drives Enhanced Transgene Expression in Heterologous Systems. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 57:820-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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de los Reyes BG, Mohanty B, Yun SJ, Park MR, Lee DY. Upstream regulatory architecture of rice genes: summarizing the baseline towards genus-wide comparative analysis of regulatory networks and allele mining. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 8:14. [PMID: 25844119 PMCID: PMC4385054 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-015-0041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dissecting the upstream regulatory architecture of rice genes and their cognate regulator proteins is at the core of network biology and its applications to comparative functional genomics. With the rapidly advancing comparative genomics resources in the genus Oryza, a reference genome annotation that defines the various cis-elements and trans-acting factors that interface each gene locus with various intrinsic and extrinsic signals for growth, development, reproduction and adaptation must be established to facilitate the understanding of phenotypic variation in the context of regulatory networks. Such information is also important to establish the foundation for mining non-coding sequence variation that defines novel alleles and epialleles across the enormous phenotypic diversity represented in rice germplasm. This review presents a synthesis of the state of knowledge and consensus trends regarding the various cis-acting and trans-acting components that define spatio-temporal regulation of rice genes based on representative examples from both foundational studies in other model and non-model plants, and more recent studies in rice. The goal is to summarize the baseline for systematic upstream sequence annotation of the rapidly advancing genome sequence resources in Oryza in preparation for genus-wide functional genomics. Perspectives on the potential applications of such information for gene discovery, network engineering and genomics-enabled rice breeding are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bijayalaxmi Mohanty
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576 Singapore
| | - Song Joong Yun
- />Department of Crop Science and Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, 561-756 Korea
| | - Myoung-Ryoul Park
- />School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576 Singapore
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Han YJ, Kim YM, Hwang OJ, Kim JI. Characterization of a small constitutive promoter from Arabidopsis translationally controlled tumor protein (AtTCTP) gene for plant transformation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:265-75. [PMID: 25410250 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A plant-derived 0.3 kb constitutive promoter was obtained from AtTCTP expression analysis, and successfully applied to the expression of a selectable marker gene for production of transgenic creeping bentgrass plants. The isolation and use of an efficient promoter is essential to develop a vector system for efficient genetic transformation of plants, and constitutive promoters are particularly useful for the expression of selectable marker genes. In this study, we characterized a small size of the constitutive promoter from the expression analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana translationally controlled tumor protein (AtTCTP) gene. Histochemical and fluorometric GUS analyses revealed that a 303 bp upstream region from the start codon of the AtTCTP gene showed strong GUS expression throughout all plant tissues, which is approximately 55 % GUS activity compared with the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35Spro). To examine the possible application of this promoter for the development of genetically engineered crops, we introduced pCAMBIA3301 vector harboring the 0.3 kb promoter of AtTCTP (0.3kbpro) that was fused to the herbicide resistance BAR gene (0.3kb pro ::BAR) into creeping bentgrass. Our transformation results demonstrate that transgenic creeping bentgrass plants with herbicide resistance were successfully produced using 0.3kb pro ::BAR as a selectable marker. Northern blot analysis revealed that the transgenic plants with 0.3kb pro ::BAR showed reduced but comparable expression levels of BAR to those with 35S pro ::BAR. Moreover, the transcription activity of the 0.3 kb promoter could be increased by the fusion of an enhancer sequence. These results indicate that the 0.3 kb AtTCTP promoter can be used as a plant-derived constitutive promoter for the expression of selectable marker genes, which facilitates its use as an alternative to the 35S promoter for developing genetically engineered crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jeong Han
- Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea
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Garcia-Alonso M, Hendley P, Bigler F, Mayeregger E, Parker R, Rubinstein C, Satorre E, Solari F, McLean MA. Transportability of confined field trial data for environmental risk assessment of genetically engineered plants: a conceptual framework. Transgenic Res 2014; 23:1025-41. [PMID: 24733670 PMCID: PMC4204004 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-014-9785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is commonly held that confined field trials (CFTs) used to evaluate the potential adverse environmental impacts of a genetically engineered (GE) plant should be conducted in each country where cultivation is intended, even when relevant and potentially sufficient data are already available from studies conducted elsewhere. The acceptance of data generated in CFTs "out of country" can only be realized in practice if the agro-climatic zone where a CFT is conducted is demonstrably representative of the agro-climatic zones in those geographies to which the data will be transported. In an attempt to elaborate this idea, a multi-disciplinary Working Group of scientists collaborated to develop a conceptual framework and associated process that can be used by the regulated and regulatory communities to support transportability of CFT data for environmental risk assessment (ERA). As proposed here, application of the conceptual framework provides a scientifically defensible process for evaluating if existing CFT data from remote sites are relevant and/or sufficient for local ERAs. Additionally, it promotes a strategic approach to identifying CFT site locations so that field data will be transportable from one regulatory jurisdiction to another. Application of the framework and process should be particularly beneficial to public sector product developers and small enterprises that develop innovative GE events but cannot afford to replicate redundant CFTs, and to regulatory authorities seeking to improve the deployment of limited institutional resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Hendley
- Phasera Ltd., 7 Kenilworth Avenue, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 2JJ UK
| | - Franz Bigler
- Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edgar Mayeregger
- Unidad de Gestión del Riesgo, Ministerio de Agricultura, Asunción, República del Paraguay
| | - Ronald Parker
- Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, One Potomac Yard, 2777 S. Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA 22202 USA
| | - Clara Rubinstein
- ILSI Argentina, Av Santa Fe 1145, 4° piso, C1059ABF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio Satorre
- IFEVA, Cátedra de Cerealicultura, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Solari
- Monsanto Argentina SAIC, Estacion Experimental Fontezuela, Ruta 8 km 214, Fontezuela, Partido de Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Morven A. McLean
- Center for Environmental Risk Assessment, ILSI Research Foundation, 1156 Fifteenth Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005 USA
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