1
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Klein SP, Kaeppler SM, Brown KM, Lynch JP. Integrating GWAS with a gene co-expression network better prioritizes candidate genes associated with root metaxylem phenes in maize. THE PLANT GENOME 2024:e20489. [PMID: 39034891 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Root metaxylems are phenotypically diverse structures whose function is particularly important under drought stress. Significant research has dissected the genetic machinery underlying metaxylem phenotypes in dicots, but that of monocots are relatively underexplored. In maize (Zea mays), a robust pipeline integrated a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of root metaxylem phenes under well-watered and water-stress conditions with a gene co-expression network to prioritize the strongest gene candidates. We identified 244 candidate genes by GWAS, of which 103 reside in gene co-expression modules most relevant to xylem development. Several candidate genes may be involved in biosynthetic processes related to the cell wall, hormone signaling, oxidative stress responses, and drought responses. Of those, six gene candidates were detected in multiple root metaxylem phenes in both well-watered and water-stress conditions. We posit that candidate genes that are more essential to network function based on gene co-expression (i.e., hubs or bottlenecks) should be prioritized and classify 33 essential genes for further investigation. Our study demonstrates a new strategy for identifying promising gene candidates and presents several gene candidates that may enhance our understanding of vascular development and responses to drought in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P Klein
- Interdepartmental Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shawn M Kaeppler
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kathleen M Brown
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Sun Y, Robert CA, Thakur MP. Drought intensity and duration effects on morphological root traits vary across trait type and plant functional groups: a meta-analysis. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:92. [PMID: 38965481 PMCID: PMC11223356 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing severity and frequency of drought pose serious threats to plant species worldwide. Yet, we lack a general understanding of how various intensities of droughts affect plant traits, in particular root traits. Here, using a meta-analysis of drought experiments (997 effect sizes from 76 papers), we investigate the effects of various intensities of droughts on some of the key morphological root traits. Our results show that root length, root mean diameter, and root area decline when drought is of severe or extreme intensity, whereas severe drought increases root tissue density. These patterns are most pronounced in trees compared to other plant functional groups. Moreover, the long duration of severe drought decreases root length in grasses and root mean diameter in legumes. The decline in root length and root diameter due to severe drought in trees was independent of drought duration. Our results suggest that morphological root traits respond strongly to increasing intensity of drought, which further depends on drought duration and may vary among plant functional groups. Our meta-analysis highlights the need for future studies to consider the interactive effects of drought intensity and drought duration for a better understanding of variable plant responses to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.
| | | | - Madhav P Thakur
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
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3
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Wild AJ, Steiner FA, Kiene M, Tyborski N, Tung SY, Koehler T, Carminati A, Eder B, Groth J, Vahl WK, Wolfrum S, Lueders T, Laforsch C, Mueller CW, Vidal A, Pausch J. Unraveling root and rhizosphere traits in temperate maize landraces and modern cultivars: Implications for soil resource acquisition and drought adaptation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2526-2541. [PMID: 38515431 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A holistic understanding of plant strategies to acquire soil resources is pivotal in achieving sustainable food security. However, we lack knowledge about variety-specific root and rhizosphere traits for resource acquisition, their plasticity and adaptation to drought. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to phenotype root and rhizosphere traits (mean root diameter [Root D], specific root length [SRL], root tissue density, root nitrogen content, specific rhizosheath mass [SRM], arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF] colonization) of 16 landraces and 22 modern cultivars of temperate maize (Zea mays L.). Our results demonstrate that landraces and modern cultivars diverge in their root and rhizosphere traits. Although landraces follow a 'do-it-yourself' strategy with high SRLs, modern cultivars exhibit an 'outsourcing' strategy with increased mean Root Ds and a tendency towards increased root colonization by AMF. We further identified that SRM indicates an 'outsourcing' strategy. Additionally, landraces were more drought-responsive compared to modern cultivars based on multitrait response indices. We suggest that breeding leads to distinct resource acquisition strategies between temperate maize varieties. Future breeding efforts should increasingly target root and rhizosphere economics, with SRM serving as a valuable proxy for identifying varieties employing an outsourcing resource acquisition strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J Wild
- Agroecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Franziska A Steiner
- Soil Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marvin Kiene
- Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nicolas Tyborski
- Ecological Microbiology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Shu-Yin Tung
- Institute for Agroecology and Organic Farming, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tina Koehler
- Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Eder
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Freising, Germany
| | - Jennifer Groth
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Freising, Germany
| | - Wouter K Vahl
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolfrum
- Institute for Agroecology and Organic Farming, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Tillmann Lueders
- Ecological Microbiology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Laforsch
- Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carsten W Mueller
- Chair of Soil Science, Institute of Ecology, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alix Vidal
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Pausch
- Agroecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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4
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Huang Z, Huang P, Chen S, Hu M, Yu H, Guo H, Shahid MQ, Liu X, Wu J. Comparative Cytological and Gene Expression Analysis Reveals That a Common Wild Rice Inbred Line Showed Stronger Drought Tolerance Compared with the Cultivar Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7134. [PMID: 39000241 PMCID: PMC11241580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) is an important germplasm resource containing valuable genes. Our previous analysis reported a stable wild rice inbred line, Huaye3, which derives from the common wild rice of Guangdong Province. However, there was no information about its drought tolerance ability. Here, we assessed the germination characteristics and seedling growth between the Dawennuo and Huaye3 under five concentrations of PEG6000 treatment (0, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). Huaye3 showed a stronger drought tolerance ability, and its seed germination rate still reached more than 52.50% compared with Dawennuo, which was only 25.83% under the 20% PEG6000 treatment. Cytological observations between the Dawennuo and Huaye3 indicated the root tip elongation zone and buds of Huaye3 were less affected by the PEG6000 treatment, resulting in a lower percentage of abnormalities of cortical cells, stele, and shrinkage of epidermal cells. Using the re-sequencing analysis, we detected 13,909 genes that existed in the genetic variation compared with Dawennuo. Of these genes, 39 were annotated as drought stress-related genes and their variance existed in the CDS region. Our study proved the strong drought stress tolerance ability of Huaye3, which provides the theoretical basis for the drought resistance germplasm selection in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.H.); (P.H.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (H.Y.); (H.G.); (M.Q.S.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peishan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.H.); (P.H.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (H.Y.); (H.G.); (M.Q.S.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.H.); (P.H.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (H.Y.); (H.G.); (M.Q.S.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mengzhu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.H.); (P.H.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (H.Y.); (H.G.); (M.Q.S.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.H.); (P.H.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (H.Y.); (H.G.); (M.Q.S.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haibin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.H.); (P.H.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (H.Y.); (H.G.); (M.Q.S.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Shahid
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.H.); (P.H.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (H.Y.); (H.G.); (M.Q.S.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.H.); (P.H.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (H.Y.); (H.G.); (M.Q.S.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.H.); (P.H.); (S.C.); (M.H.); (H.Y.); (H.G.); (M.Q.S.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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5
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Sriskandarajah N, Wüst-Galley C, Heller S, Leifeld J, Määttä T, Ouyang Z, Runkle BRK, Schiedung M, Schmidt MWI, Tumber-Dávila SJ, Malhotra A. Belowground plant allocation regulates rice methane emissions from degraded peat soils. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14593. [PMID: 38918514 PMCID: PMC11199496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon-rich peat soils have been drained and used extensively for agriculture throughout human history, leading to significant losses of their soil carbon. One solution for rewetting degraded peat is wet crop cultivation. Crops such as rice, which can grow in water-saturated conditions, could enable agricultural production to be maintained whilst reducing CO2 and N2O emissions from peat. However, wet rice cultivation can release considerable methane (CH4). Water table and soil management strategies may enhance rice yield and minimize CH4 emissions, but they also influence plant biomass allocation strategies. It remains unclear how water and soil management influences rice allocation strategies and how changing plant allocation and associated traits, particularly belowground, influence CH4-related processes. We examined belowground biomass (BGB), aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground:aboveground ratio (BGB:ABG), and a range of root traits (root length, root diameter, root volume, root area, and specific root length) under different soil and water treatments; and evaluated plant trait linkages to CH4. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) was grown for six months in field mesocosms under high (saturated) or low water table treatments, and in either degraded peat soil or degraded peat covered with mineral soil. We found that BGB and BGB:AGB were lowest in water saturated conditions where mineral soil had been added to the peat, and highest in low-water table peat soils. Furthermore, CH4 and BGB were positively related, with BGB explaining 60% of the variation in CH4 but only under low water table conditions. Our results suggest that a mix of low water table and mineral soil addition could minimize belowground plant allocation in rice, which could further lower CH4 likely because root-derived carbon is a key substrate for methanogenesis. Minimizing root allocation, in conjunction with water and soil management, could be explored as a strategy for lowering CH4 emissions from wet rice cultivation in degraded peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Heller
- Climate and Agriculture Group, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Leifeld
- Climate and Agriculture Group, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Määttä
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zutao Ouyang
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Benjamin R K Runkle
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Marcus Schiedung
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 68, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Shersingh Joseph Tumber-Dávila
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, 01366, USA
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99852, USA.
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6
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Geilfus CM, Zörb C, Jones JJ, Wimmer MA, Schmöckel SM. Water for agriculture: more crop per drop. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:499-507. [PMID: 38773740 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Global crop production in agriculture depends on water availability. Future scenarios predict increasing occurrence of flash floods and rapidly developing droughts accompanied by heatwaves in humid regions that rely on rain-fed agriculture. It is challenging to maintain high crop yields, even in arid and drought-prone regions that depend on irrigation. The average water demand of crops varies significantly, depending on plant species, development stage, and climate. Most crops, such as maize and wheat, require relatively more water during the vegetative phase compared to the ripening phase. In this review, we explain WUE and options to improve water use and thus crop yield. Nutrient management might represent another possibility to manipulate water uptake and use by plants. An emerging topic involves agroforest co-cultivation, where trees in the system facilitate water transfer through hydraulic lift, benefiting neighbouring crops. Other options to enhance crop yield per water use are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-M Geilfus
- Department of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - C Zörb
- Department Quality of Plant Products, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J J Jones
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M A Wimmer
- Department Quality of Plant Products, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S M Schmöckel
- Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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7
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Baca Cabrera JC, Vanderborght J, Couvreur V, Behrend D, Gaiser T, Nguyen TH, Lobet G. Root hydraulic properties: An exploration of their variability across scales. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e582. [PMID: 38590783 PMCID: PMC10999368 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Root hydraulic properties are key physiological traits that determine the capacity of root systems to take up water, at a specific evaporative demand. They can strongly vary among species, cultivars or even within the same genotype, but a systematic analysis of their variation across plant functional types (PFTs) is still missing. Here, we reviewed published empirical studies on root hydraulic properties at the segment-, individual root-, or root system scale and determined its variability and the main factors contributing to it. This corresponded to a total of 241 published studies, comprising 213 species, including woody and herbaceous vegetation. We observed an extremely large range of variation (of orders of magnitude) in root hydraulic properties, but this was not caused by systematic differences among PFTs. Rather, the (combined) effect of factors such as root system age, driving force used for measurement, or stress treatments shaped the results. We found a significant decrease in root hydraulic properties under stress conditions (drought and aquaporin inhibition, p < .001) and a significant effect of the driving force used for measurement (hydrostatic or osmotic gradients, p < .001). Furthermore, whole root system conductance increased significantly with root system age across several crop species (p < .01), causing very large variation in the data (>2 orders of magnitude). Interestingly, this relationship showed an asymptotic shape, with a steep increase during the first days of growth and a flattening out at later stages of development. We confirmed this dynamic through simulations using a state-of-the-art computational model of water flow in the root system for a variety of crop species, suggesting common patterns across studies and species. These findings provide better understanding of the main causes of root hydraulic properties variations observed across empirical studies. They also open the door to better representation of hydraulic processes across multiple plant functional types and at large scales. All data collected in our analysis has been aggregated into an open access database (https://roothydraulic-properties.shinyapps.io/database/), fostering scientific exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Baca Cabrera
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geoscience, Agrosphere (IBG‐3)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Jan Vanderborght
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geoscience, Agrosphere (IBG‐3)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Valentin Couvreur
- Earth and Life InstituteUniversité catholique de LouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Dominik Behrend
- Institute of Crop Science and Resources ConservationUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Thomas Gaiser
- Institute of Crop Science and Resources ConservationUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Thuy Huu Nguyen
- Institute of Crop Science and Resources ConservationUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Guillaume Lobet
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geoscience, Agrosphere (IBG‐3)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
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8
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Chen X, Zhao C, Yun P, Yu M, Zhou M, Chen ZH, Shabala S. Climate-resilient crops: Lessons from xerophytes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1815-1835. [PMID: 37967090 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing climate-resilient crops is critical for future food security and sustainable agriculture under current climate scenarios. Of specific importance are drought and soil salinity. Tolerance traits to these stresses are highly complex, and the progress in improving crop tolerance is too slow to cope with the growing demand in food production unless a major paradigm shift in crop breeding occurs. In this work, we combined bioinformatics and physiological approaches to compare some of the key traits that may differentiate between xerophytes (naturally drought-tolerant plants) and mesophytes (to which the majority of the crops belong). We show that both xerophytes and salt-tolerant mesophytes have a much larger number of copies in key gene families conferring some of the key traits related to plant osmotic adjustment, abscisic acid (ABA) sensing and signalling, and stomata development. We show that drought and salt-tolerant species have (i) higher reliance on Na for osmotic adjustment via more diversified and efficient operation of Na+ /H+ tonoplast exchangers (NHXs) and vacuolar H+ - pyrophosphatase (VPPases); (ii) fewer and faster stomata; (iii) intrinsically lower ABA content; (iv) altered structure of pyrabactin resistance/pyrabactin resistance-like (PYR/PYL) ABA receptors; and (v) higher number of gene copies for protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) and sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2/open stomata 1 (SnRK2/OST1) ABA signalling components. We also show that the past trends in crop breeding for Na+ exclusion to improve salinity stress tolerance are counterproductive and compromise their drought tolerance. Incorporating these genetic insights into breeding practices could pave the way for more drought-tolerant and salt-resistant crops, securing agricultural yields in an era of climate unpredictability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect, Tasmania, 7250, Australia
| | - Ping Yun
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect, Tasmania, 7250, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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9
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Felouah OC, Ammad F, Adda A, Bouzid A, Gharnaout ML, Evon P, Merah O. Morpho-Anatomical Modulation of Seminal Roots in Response to Water Deficit in Durum Wheat ( Triticum turgidum var. durum). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:487. [PMID: 38498479 PMCID: PMC10892463 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The productivity of durum wheat in Mediterranean regions is greatly reduced by water deficits that vary in intensity and time of occurrence. The development of more tolerant cultivars is the main solution for fighting these stresses, but this requires prior study of their mechanisms. The involvement of the root system in drought avoidance is of major importance. It is in this context that the present work attempts to establish the impact of morpho-anatomical remodeling of seminal roots on dehydration avoidance at the javelina stage in five durum wheat genotypes grown under three water regimes, 100%, 60% and 30% of field capacity (FC). In the last two treatments, which were applied by stopping irrigation, moisture was concentrated mainly in the depths of the substrate cylinders and was accompanied by greater root elongation compared with the control. The elongation reached rates of 20 and 22% in the ACSAD 1231 genotype and 12 and 13% in the Waha genotype, in the 60% FC and 30% FC treatments respectively. The seminal roots anatomy was also modified by water deficit in all genotypes but to different degrees. The diameter of vessels in the late metaxylem vessels was reduced, reaching 17.3 and 48.2% in the Waha genotype in the 60% FC and 30% FC treatments, respectively. The water deficit also increased the number of vessels in the early metaxylem, while reducing the diameter of its conducting vessels. ACSAD 1361 and Langlois genotypes stood out with the highest rates of diameter reduction. The morpho-anatomical transformations of the roots contributed effectively to the plants' absorption of water and, consequently, to the maintenance of a fairly high relative water content, approaching 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oum Cheikh Felouah
- Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi-Arid Zones, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Ibn-Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria (A.B.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology Applied to Aboveground Crops, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University-Ibn-Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria
| | - Faiza Ammad
- Laboratoire de Recherché Protection et Valorisation des Produits Agrobiologiques, Departement de Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la vie, Université Blida-1, BP 270, Blida 09000, Algeria;
| | - Ahmed Adda
- Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi-Arid Zones, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Ibn-Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria (A.B.)
| | - Assia Bouzid
- Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi-Arid Zones, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Ibn-Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria (A.B.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology Applied to Aboveground Crops, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University-Ibn-Khaldoun, Tiaret 14000, Algeria
| | | | - Philippe Evon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRAe, INPT, 31030 Toulouse, France;
| | - Othmane Merah
- Département Génie Biologique, IUT A, Université Paul Sabatier, 32000 Auch, France;
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRAe, INPT, 31030 Toulouse, France;
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10
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Nasr Esfahani M, Sonnewald U. Unlocking dynamic root phenotypes for simultaneous enhancement of water and phosphorus uptake. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108386. [PMID: 38280257 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and water are crucial for plant growth, but their availability is challenged by climate change, leading to reduced crop production and global food security. In many agricultural soils, crop productivity is confronted by both water and P limitations. The diminished soil moisture decreases available P due to reduced P diffusion, and inadequate P availability diminishes tissue water status through modifications in stomatal conductance and a decrease in root hydraulic conductance. P and water display contrasting distributions in the soil, with P being concentrated in the topsoil and water in the subsoil. Plants adapt to water- and P-limited environments by efficiently exploring localized resource hotspots of P and water through the adaptation of their root system. Thus, developing cultivars with improved root architecture is crucial for accessing and utilizing P and water from arid and P-deficient soils. To meet this goal, breeding towards multiple advantageous root traits can lead to better cultivars for water- and P-limited environments. This review discusses the interplay of P and water availability and highlights specific root traits that enhance the exploration and exploitation of optimal resource-rich soil strata while reducing metabolic costs. We propose root ideotype models, including 'topsoil foraging', 'subsoil foraging', and 'topsoil/subsoil foraging' for maize (monocot) and common bean (dicot). These models integrate beneficial root traits and guide the development of water- and P-efficient cultivars for challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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11
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Geng A, Lian W, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen G. Molecular Mechanisms and Regulatory Pathways Underlying Drought Stress Response in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1185. [PMID: 38256261 PMCID: PMC10817035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice is a staple food for 350 million people globally. Its yield thus affects global food security. Drought is a serious environmental factor affecting rice growth. Alleviating the inhibition of drought stress is thus an urgent challenge that should be solved to enhance rice growth and yield. This review details the effects of drought on rice morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and the genes associated with drought stress response, their biological functions, and molecular regulatory pathways. The review further highlights the main future research directions to collectively provide theoretical support and reference for improving drought stress adaptation mechanisms and breeding new drought-resistant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Geng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenli Lian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
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12
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Yang Y, Ma X, Yan L, Li Y, Wei S, Teng Z, Zhang H, Tang W, Peng S, Li Y. Soil-root interface hydraulic conductance determines responses of photosynthesis to drought in rice and wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:376-390. [PMID: 37706538 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) production consumes a huge amount of fresh water, and improvement of drought tolerance in rice is important to conserve water resources and minimize yield loss under drought. However, processes to improve drought tolerance in rice have not been fully explored, and a comparative study between rice and wheat (Triticum aestivum) is an effective method to understand the mechanisms determining drought tolerance capacity. In the present study, we applied short-term drought stress to Shanyou 63 rice and Yannong 19 wheat to create a range of water potentials and investigated the responses of gas exchange, plant hydraulic conductance, and root morphological and anatomical traits to soil drought. We found that photosynthesis in rice was more sensitive to drought stress than that in wheat, which was related to differences in the decline of stomatal conductance and plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant). The decline of Kplant under drought was mainly driven by the decrease of soil-root interface hydraulic conductance (Ki) because Ki was more sensitive to drought than root and shoot hydraulic conductance and the soil-root interface contributed to >40% of whole-plant hydraulic resistance in both crops. Root shrinkage in response to drought was more severe in rice than that in wheat, which explains the larger depression of Ki and Kplant under drought stress in rice. We concluded that the decline of Ki drives the depression of Kplant and photosynthesis in both crops, and the plasticity of root morphology and anatomy is important in determining drought tolerance capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiaolin Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Lu Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yingchao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Suhan Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhipeng Teng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wei Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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13
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Sun Y, Yang B, De Rybel B. Hormonal control of the molecular networks guiding vascular tissue development in the primary root meristem of Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6964-6974. [PMID: 37343122 PMCID: PMC7615341 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tissues serve a dual function in plants, both providing physical support and controlling the transport of nutrients, water, hormones, and other small signaling molecules. Xylem tissues transport water from root to shoot; phloem tissues transfer photosynthates from shoot to root; while divisions of the (pro)cambium increase the number of xylem and phloem cells. Although vascular development constitutes a continuous process from primary growth in the early embryo and meristem regions to secondary growth in the mature plant organs, it can be artificially separated into distinct processes including cell type specification, proliferation, patterning, and differentiation. In this review, we focus on how hormonal signals orchestrate the molecular regulation of vascular development in the Arabidopsis primary root meristem. Although auxin and cytokinin have taken center stage in this aspect since their discovery, other hormones including brassinosteroids, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid also take leading roles during vascular development. All these hormonal cues synergistically or antagonistically participate in the development of vascular tissues, forming a complex hormonal control network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbiao Sun
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Centre for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Baojun Yang
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Centre for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Centre for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Wang R, Zhang Z, Wang H, Chen Y, Zhang M. Soil Water Deficit Reduced Root Hydraulic Conductivity of Common Reed ( Phragmites australis). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3543. [PMID: 37896007 PMCID: PMC10610267 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in root hydraulics in response to varying moisture conditions remain a subject of debate. In our investigation, we subjected common reeds (Phragmites australis) to a 45-day treatment with four distinct soil moisture levels. The findings unveiled that, in response to drought stress, the total root length, surface area, volume, and average diameter exhibited varying degrees of reduction. Anatomically, drought caused a reduction in root diameter (RD), cortex thickness (CT), vessel diameter (VD), and root cross-sectional area (RCA). A decrease in soil moisture significantly reduced both whole- and single-root hydraulic conductivity (Lpwr, Lpsr). The total length, surface area, volume, and average diameter of the reed root system were significantly correlated with Lpwr, while RD, CT, and RCA were significantly correlated with Lpsr. A decrease in soil moisture content significantly influenced root morphological and anatomical characteristics, which, in turn, altered Lpr, and the transcriptome results suggest that this may be associated with the variation in the expression of abscisic acid (ABA) and aquaporins (AQPs) genes. Our initial findings address a gap in our understanding of reed hydraulics, offering fresh theoretical insights into how herbaceous plants respond to external stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Wang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.W.); (H.W.)
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China
- Wetland Research Centre, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.W.); (H.W.)
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China
- Wetland Research Centre, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haoyue Wang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.W.); (H.W.)
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China
- Wetland Research Centre, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia;
| | - Mingxiang Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.W.); (H.W.)
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
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15
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Chandnani R, Qin T, Ye H, Hu H, Panjvani K, Tokizawa M, Macias JM, Medina AA, Bernardino K, Pradier PL, Banik P, Mooney A, V Magalhaes J, T Nguyen H, Kochian LV. Application of an Improved 2-Dimensional High-Throughput Soybean Root Phenotyping Platform to Identify Novel Genetic Variants Regulating Root Architecture Traits. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 5:0097. [PMID: 37780968 PMCID: PMC10538525 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient-efficient root system architecture (RSA) is becoming an important breeding objective for generating crop varieties with improved nutrient and water acquisition efficiency. Genetic variants shaping soybean RSA is key in improving nutrient and water acquisition. Here, we report on the use of an improved 2-dimensional high-throughput root phenotyping platform that minimizes background noise by imaging pouch-grown root systems submerged in water. We also developed a background image cleaning Python pipeline that computationally removes images of small pieces of debris and filter paper fibers, which can be erroneously quantified as root tips. This platform was used to phenotype root traits in 286 soybean lines genotyped with 5.4 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms. There was a substantially higher correlation in manually counted number of root tips with computationally quantified root tips (95% correlation), when the background was cleaned of nonroot materials compared to root images without the background corrected (79%). Improvements in our RSA phenotyping pipeline significantly reduced overestimation of the root traits influenced by the number of root tips. Genome-wide association studies conducted on the root phenotypic data and quantitative gene expression analysis of candidate genes resulted in the identification of 3 putative positive regulators of root system depth, total root length and surface area, and root system volume and surface area of thicker roots (DOF1-like zinc finger transcription factor, protein of unknown function, and C2H2 zinc finger protein). We also identified a putative negative regulator (gibberellin 20 oxidase 3) of the total number of lateral roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chandnani
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- NRGene Canada, 110 Research Dr Suite 101, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Tongfei Qin
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Heng Ye
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Haifei Hu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China(Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding & Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangdong, China
| | - Karim Panjvani
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mutsutomo Tokizawa
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Javier Mora Macias
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Alma Armenta Medina
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Pierre-Luc Pradier
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Pankaj Banik
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ashlyn Mooney
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Leon V Kochian
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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16
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Kim GE, Sung J. ABA-dependent suberization and aquaporin activity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) root under different water potentials. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1219610. [PMID: 37746006 PMCID: PMC10512726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1219610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most stressful environments limiting crop growth and yield throughout the world. Therefore, most efforts have been made to document drought-derived genetic and physiological responses and to find better ways to improve drought tolerance. The interaction among them is unclear and/or less investigated. Therefore, the current study is to find a clue of metabolic connectivity among them in rice root experiencing different levels of drought condition. We selected 19 genes directly involved in abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism (6), suberization (6), and aquaporins (AQPs) activity (7) and analyzed the relatively quantitative gene expression using qRT-PCR from rice roots. In addition, we also analyzed proline, chlorophyll, and fatty acids and observed cross-sectional root structure (aerenchyma) and suberin lamella deposition in the endodermis. All drought conditions resulted in an obvious development of aerenchyma and two- to fourfold greater accumulation of proline. The limited water supply (-1.0 and -1.5 MPa) significantly increased gene expression (ABA metabolism, suberization, and AQPs) and developed greater layer of suberin lamella in root endodermis. In addition, the ratio of the unsaturated to the saturated fatty acids was increased, which could be considered as an adjusted cell permeability. Interestingly, these metabolic adaptations were an exception with a severe drought condition (hygroscopic coefficient, -3.1 MPa). Accordingly, we concluded that the drought-tolerant mechanism in rice roots is sophisticatedly regulated until permanent wilting point (-1.5 MPa), and ABA metabolism, suberization, and AQPs activity might be independent and/or concurrent process as a survival strategy against drought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jwakyung Sung
- Deptment of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju, Republic of Korea
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17
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Ghazy MI, Hamad HS, Gewaily EE, Bleih EM, Arafat EFA, El-Kallawy WH, El-Naem SA, Rehan M, Alwutayd KM, Abd El Moneim D. Impacts of kinetin implementation on leaves, floral and root-related traits during seed production in hybrid rice under water deficiency. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:398. [PMID: 37605164 PMCID: PMC10463769 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water deficit is one of the most significant abiotic factors affecting rice and agricultural production worldwide. In hybrid rice, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an important technique for creating high-yielding crop based on heterosis. The phytohormone kinetin (Kin) regulates cell division in plant during the early stages of grain formation, as well as flow assimilation and osmotic regulation under water stress. The present study performed to estimate the effects of irrigation intervals (irrigation each six days (I6), nine days (I9), twelve days (I12) and fifteen days (I15) against continuous flooding (CF, each three days)) and kinetin exogenously application (control, 15 mg L-1 and 30 mg L-1) on hybrid rice (L1, IR69625A; L2, G46A and R, Giza 178 R) seed production. RESULTS Leaves traits (Chlorophyll content (CHC), relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (SC), Leaf temperature (LT) and transpiration rate (TR)), floral traits such as style length (SL) and total stigma length (TSL), in addition to root traits (i.e., root length (RL), root volume (RV), root: shoot ratio (RSR), root thickness (RT), root xylem vessels number (RXVN) and root xylem vessel area (RXVA) were evaluated and a significant enhancement in most traits was observed. Applying 30 mg L-1 kinetin significantly and positively enhanced all growth, floral and roots traits (RV and RXVA recorded the most increased values by 14.8% and 23.9%, respectively) under prolonging irrigation intervals, in comparison to non-treated plants. CONCLUSIONS Subsequently, spraying kinetin exogenously on foliar could be an alternative method to reduce the harmful influences of water deficiency during seed production in hybrid rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Ghazy
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Hassan Sh Hamad
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E Gewaily
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Eman M Bleih
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Elsayed F A Arafat
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Wael H El-Kallawy
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Sabry A El-Naem
- Rice Research and Training Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Medhat Rehan
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa Abd El Moneim
- Department of Plant Production (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, 45511, Egypt.
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18
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Lu Y, Fricke W. Salt Stress-Regulation of Root Water Uptake in a Whole-Plant and Diurnal Context. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098070. [PMID: 37175779 PMCID: PMC10179082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the regulation of root water uptake in plants which are exposed to salt stress. Root water uptake is not considered in isolation but is viewed in the context of other potential tolerance mechanisms of plants-tolerance mechanisms which relate to water relations and gas exchange. Plants spend between one third and half of their lives in the dark, and salt stress does not stop with sunset, nor does it start with sunrise. Surprisingly, how plants deal with salt stress during the dark has received hardly any attention, yet any growth response to salt stress over days, weeks, months and years is the integrative result of how plants perform during numerous, consecutive day/night cycles. As we will show, dealing with salt stress during the night is a prerequisite to coping with salt stress during the day. We hope to highlight with this review not so much what we know, but what we do not know; and this relates often to some rather basic questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wieland Fricke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Kou X, Han W, Kang J. Responses of root system architecture to water stress at multiple levels: A meta-analysis of trials under controlled conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1085409. [PMID: 36570905 PMCID: PMC9780461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1085409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to increasingly severe drought events and roots play vital roles in maintaining plant survival, growth, and reproduction. A large body of literature has investigated the adaptive responses of root traits in various plants to water stress and these studies have been reviewed in certain groups of plant species at a certain scale. Nevertheless, these responses have not been synthesized at multiple levels. This paper screened over 2000 literatures for studies of typical root traits including root growth angle, root depth, root length, root diameter, root dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, root hair length and density and integrates their drought responses at genetic and morphological scales. The genes, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and hormones that are involved in the regulation of drought response of the root traits were summarized. We then statistically analyzed the drought responses of root traits and discussed the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we highlighted the drought response of 1-D and 2-D root length density (RLD) distribution in the soil profile. This paper will provide a framework for an integrated understanding of root adaptive responses to water deficit at multiple scales and such insights may provide a basis for selection and breeding of drought tolerant crop lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Kou
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Han
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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20
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Siangliw JL, Thunnom B, Natividad MA, Quintana MR, Chebotarov D, McNally KL, Lynch JP, Brown KM, Henry A. Response of Southeast Asian rice root architecture and anatomy phenotypes to drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1008954. [PMID: 36340400 PMCID: PMC9629509 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1008954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress in Southeast Asia greatly affects rice production, and the rice root system plays a substantial role in avoiding drought stress. In this study, we examined the phenotypic and genetic correlations among root anatomical, morphological, and agronomic phenotypes over multiple field seasons. A set of >200 rice accessions from Southeast Asia (a subset of the 3000 Rice Genomes Project) was characterized with the aim to identify root morphological and anatomical phenotypes related to productivity under drought stress. Drought stress resulted in slight increases in the basal metaxylem and stele diameter of nodal roots. Although few direct correlations between root phenotypes and grain yield were identified, biomass was consistently positively correlated with crown root number and negatively correlated with stele diameter. The accessions with highest grain yield were characterized by higher crown root numbers and median metaxylem diameter and smaller stele diameter. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed 162 and 210 significant SNPs associated with root phenotypes in the two seasons which resulted in identification of 59 candidate genes related to root development. The gene OsRSL3 was found in a QTL region for median metaxylem diameter. Four SNPs in OsRSL3 were found that caused amino acid changes and significantly associated with the root phenotype. Based on the haplotype analysis for median metaxylem diameter, the rice accessions studied were classified into five allele combinations in order to identify the most favorable haplotypes. The candidate genes and favorable haplotypes provide information useful for the genetic improvement of root phenotypes under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonaliza L. Siangliw
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Burin Thunnom
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Mignon A. Natividad
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Marinell R. Quintana
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Dmytro Chebotarov
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Kenneth L. McNally
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Jonathan P. Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Brown
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Amelia Henry
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
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21
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Crop Root Responses to Drought Stress: Molecular Mechanisms, Nutrient Regulations, and Interactions with Microorganisms in the Rhizosphere. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169310. [PMID: 36012575 PMCID: PMC9409098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Roots play important roles in determining crop development under drought. Under such conditions, the molecular mechanisms underlying key responses and interactions with the rhizosphere in crop roots remain limited compared with model species such as Arabidopsis. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of the morphological, physiological, and metabolic responses to drought stress in typical crop roots, along with the regulation of soil nutrients and microorganisms to these responses. Firstly, we summarize how root growth and architecture are regulated by essential genes and metabolic processes under water-deficit conditions. Secondly, the functions of the fundamental plant hormone, abscisic acid, on regulating crop root growth under drought are highlighted. Moreover, we discuss how the responses of crop roots to altered water status are impacted by nutrients, and vice versa. Finally, this article explores current knowledge of the feedback between plant and soil microbial responses to drought and the manipulation of rhizosphere microbes for improving the resilience of crop production to water stress. Through these insights, we conclude that to gain a more comprehensive understanding of drought adaption mechanisms in crop roots, future studies should have a network view, linking key responses of roots with environmental factors.
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22
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Geng H, Wang F, Yan C, Ma S, Zhang Y, Qin Q, Tian Z, Liu R, Chen H, Zhou B, Yuan R. Rhizosphere microbial community composition and survival strategies in oligotrophic and metal(loid) contaminated iron tailings areas. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129045. [PMID: 35525218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the metal(loid) fractions in two alkaline iron tailings areas with similar physico-chemical properties and the enrichment ability of dominant plants in these areas were investigated. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing and metagenome analysis were used to examine the rhizosphere microbial community structures and their strategies and potential for carbon fixation, nitrogen metabolism, and metal(loid) resistance in mining areas. Results showed that Salsola collina, Setaria viridis, and Xanthium sibiricum have strong enrichment capacity for As, and the maximum transport factor for Mn can reach 4.01. The richness and diversity of bacteria were the highest in rhizosphere tailings, and the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, and Thaumarchaeota. The key taxa present in rhizosphere tailings were generally metal(loid) resistant, especially Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Nocardioides, and Microbacterium. The reductive citrate cycle was the main carbon fixation pathway of microorganisms in tailings. Rhizosphere microorganisms have evolved a series of survival strategies and can adapt to oligotrophic and metal(loid) polluted mining environments. The results of this study provide a basis for the potential application of plant-microbial in situ remediation of alkaline tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Geng
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Changchun Yan
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qizheng Qin
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), D11 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhijun Tian
- Beijing Geo-engineering Design and Research Institute, 6 East Yuanlin Road, Miyun District, Beijing 101500, China
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 15 Shixing St, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Huilun Chen
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Beihai Zhou
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rongfang Yuan
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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23
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Leal AR, Belo J, Beeckman T, Barros PM, Oliveira MM. The Combined Effect of Heat and Osmotic Stress on Suberization of Arabidopsis Roots. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152341. [PMID: 35954186 PMCID: PMC9367520 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous occurrence of heat stress and drought is becoming more regular as a consequence of climate change, causing extensive agricultural losses. The application of either heat or osmotic stress increase cell-wall suberization in different tissues, which may play a role in improving plant resilience. In this work, we studied how the suberization process is affected by the combination of drought and heat stress by following the expression of suberin biosynthesis genes, cell-wall suberization and the chemical composition in Arabidopsis roots. The Arabidopsis plants used in this study were at the onset of secondary root development. At this point, one can observe a developmental gradient in the main root, with primary development closer to the root tip and secondary development, confirmed by the suberized phellem, closer to the shoot. Remarkably, we found a differential response depending on the root zone. The combination of drought and heat stress increased cell wall suberization in main root segments undergoing secondary development and in lateral roots (LRs), while the main root zone, at primary development stage, was not particularly affected. We also found differences in the overall chemical composition of the cell walls in both root zones in response to combined stress. The data gathered showed that, under combined drought and heat stress, Arabidopsis roots undergo differential cell wall remodeling depending on developmental stage, with modifications in the biosynthesis and/or assembly of major cell wall components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Leal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.R.L.); (J.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joana Belo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.R.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pedro M. Barros
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.R.L.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.B.); (M.M.O.)
| | - M. Margarida Oliveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.R.L.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.B.); (M.M.O.)
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24
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Kim G, Ryu H, Sung J. Hormonal Crosstalk and Root Suberization for Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060811. [PMID: 35740936 PMCID: PMC9220869 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher plants in terrestrial environments face to numerous unpredictable environmental challenges, which lead to a significant impact on plant growth and development. In particular, the climate change caused by global warming is causing drought stress and rapid desertification in agricultural fields. Many scientific advances have been achieved to solve these problems for agricultural and plant ecosystems. In this review, we handled recent advances in our understanding of the physiological changes and strategies for plants undergoing drought stress. The activation of ABA synthesis and signaling pathways by drought stress regulates root development via the formation of complicated signaling networks with auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene signaling. An abundance of intrinsic soluble sugar, especially trehalose-6-phosphate, promotes the SnRK-mediated stress-resistance mechanism. Suberin deposition in the root endodermis is a physical barrier that regulates the influx/efflux of water and nutrients through complex hormonal and metabolic networks, and suberization is essential for drought-stressed plants to survive. It is highly anticipated that this work will contribute to the reproduction and productivity improvements of drought-resistant crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju 28644, Korea;
| | - Hojin Ryu
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju 28644, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (J.S.); Tel.: +82-043-261-2293 (H.R.); +82-043-261-2512 (J.S.)
| | - Jwakyung Sung
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju 28644, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (J.S.); Tel.: +82-043-261-2293 (H.R.); +82-043-261-2512 (J.S.)
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25
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Ćalić I, Groen SC, Choi JY, Joly‐Lopez Z, Hamann E, Natividad MA, Dorph K, Cabral CLU, Torres RO, Vergara GV, Henry A, Purugganan MD, Franks SJ. The influence of genetic architecture on responses to selection under drought in rice. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1670-1690. [PMID: 36330294 PMCID: PMC9624088 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately predicting responses to selection is a major goal in biology and important for successful crop breeding in changing environments. However, evolutionary responses to selection can be constrained by such factors as genetic and cross‐environment correlations, linkage, and pleiotropy, and our understanding of the extent and impact of such constraints is still developing. Here, we conducted a field experiment to investigate potential constraints to selection for drought resistance in rice (Oryza sativa) using phenotypic selection analysis and quantitative genetics. We found that traits related to drought response were heritable, and some were under selection, including selection for earlier flowering, which could allow drought escape. However, patterns of selection generally were not opposite under wet and dry conditions, and we did not find individual or closely linked genes that influenced multiple traits, indicating a lack of evidence that antagonistic pleiotropy, linkage, or cross‐environment correlations would constrain selection for drought resistance. In most cases, genetic correlations had little influence on responses to selection, with direct and indirect selection largely congruent. The exception to this was seed mass under drought, which was predicted to evolve in the opposite direction of direct selection due to correlations. Because of this indirect effect on selection on seed mass, selection for drought resistance was not accompanied by a decrease in seed mass, and yield increased with fecundity. Furthermore, breeding lines with high fitness and yield under drought also had high fitness and yield under wet conditions, indicating that there was no evidence for a yield penalty on drought resistance. We found multiple genes in which expression influenced both water use efficiency (WUE) and days to first flowering, supporting a genetic basis for the trade‐off between drought escape and avoidance strategies. Together, these results can provide helpful guidance for understanding and managing evolutionary constraints and breeding stress‐resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ćalić
- Department of Biological Sciences Fordham University Bronx NY USA
- Institute of Botany University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Simon C. Groen
- Department of Nematology University of California at Riverside Riverside CA USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
| | - Zoé Joly‐Lopez
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
- Département de Chimie Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Elena Hamann
- Department of Biological Sciences Fordham University Bronx NY USA
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA
| | | | - Katherine Dorph
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
| | | | | | - Georgina V. Vergara
- International Rice Research Institute Los Baños Laguna Philippines
- Institute of Crop Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031 College Laguna Philippines
| | - Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute Los Baños Laguna Philippines
| | - Michael D. Purugganan
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology NYU Abu Dhabi Research Institute New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Steven J. Franks
- Department of Biological Sciences Fordham University Bronx NY USA
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26
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Galindo-Castañeda T, Lynch JP, Six J, Hartmann M. Improving Soil Resource Uptake by Plants Through Capitalizing on Synergies Between Root Architecture and Anatomy and Root-Associated Microorganisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:827369. [PMID: 35356114 PMCID: PMC8959776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.827369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Root architectural and anatomical phenotypes are highly diverse. Specific root phenotypes can be associated with better plant growth under low nutrient and water availability. Therefore, root ideotypes have been proposed as breeding targets for more stress-resilient and resource-efficient crops. For example, root phenotypes that correspond to the Topsoil Foraging ideotype are associated with better plant growth under suboptimal phosphorus availability, and root phenotypes that correspond to the Steep, Cheap and Deep ideotype are linked to better performance under suboptimal availability of nitrogen and water. We propose that natural variation in root phenotypes translates into a diversity of different niches for microbial associations in the rhizosphere, rhizoplane and root cortex, and that microbial traits could have synergistic effects with the beneficial effect of specific root phenotypes. Oxygen and water content, carbon rhizodeposition, nutrient availability, and root surface area are all factors that are modified by root anatomy and architecture and determine the structure and function of the associated microbial communities. Recent research results indicate that root characteristics that may modify microbial communities associated with maize include aerenchyma, rooting angle, root hairs, and lateral root branching density. Therefore, the selection of root phenotypes linked to better plant growth under specific edaphic conditions should be accompanied by investigating and selecting microbial partners better adapted to each set of conditions created by the corresponding root phenotype. Microbial traits such as nitrogen transformation, phosphorus solubilization, and water retention could have synergistic effects when correctly matched with promising plant root ideotypes for improved nutrient and water capture. We propose that elucidation of the interactive effects of root phenotypes and microbial functions on plant nutrient and water uptake offers new opportunities to increase crop yields and agroecosystem sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Galindo-Castañeda
- Sustainable Agroecosystems, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan P. Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Johan Six
- Sustainable Agroecosystems, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Sustainable Agroecosystems, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Groen SC, Joly-Lopez Z, Platts AE, Natividad M, Fresquez Z, Mauck WM, Quintana MR, Cabral CLU, Torres RO, Satija R, Purugganan MD, Henry A. Evolutionary systems biology reveals patterns of rice adaptation to drought-prone agro-ecosystems. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:759-783. [PMID: 34791424 PMCID: PMC8824591 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) was domesticated around 10,000 years ago and has developed into a staple for half of humanity. The crop evolved and is currently grown in stably wet and intermittently dry agro-ecosystems, but patterns of adaptation to differences in water availability remain poorly understood. While previous field studies have evaluated plant developmental adaptations to water deficit, adaptive variation in functional and hydraulic components, particularly in relation to gene expression, has received less attention. Here, we take an evolutionary systems biology approach to characterize adaptive drought resistance traits across roots and shoots. We find that rice harbors heritable variation in molecular, physiological, and morphological traits that is linked to higher fitness under drought. We identify modules of co-expressed genes that are associated with adaptive drought avoidance and tolerance mechanisms. These expression modules showed evidence of polygenic adaptation in rice subgroups harboring accessions that evolved in drought-prone agro-ecosystems. Fitness-linked expression patterns allowed us to identify the drought-adaptive nature of optimizing photosynthesis and interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Taken together, our study provides an unprecedented, integrative view of rice adaptation to water-limited field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Groen
- Author for correspondence: (S.C.G.), (M.D.P.), (A.H.)
| | | | | | - Mignon Natividad
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, USA
| | - Zoë Fresquez
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Carlo Leo U Cabral
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, USA
| | - Rolando O Torres
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, USA
| | - Rahul Satija
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, USA
| | | | - Amelia Henry
- Author for correspondence: (S.C.G.), (M.D.P.), (A.H.)
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28
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Rajakani R, Sellamuthu G, Ishikawa T, Ahmed HAI, Bharathan S, Kumari K, Shabala L, Zhou M, Chen ZH, Shabala S, Venkataraman G. Reduced apoplastic barriers in tissues of shoot-proximal rhizomes of Oryza coarctata are associated with Na+ sequestration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:998-1015. [PMID: 34606587 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oryza coarctata is the only wild rice species with significant salinity tolerance. The present work examines the role of the substantial rhizomatous tissues of O. coarctata in conferring salinity tolerance. Transition to an erect phenotype (shoot emergence) from prostrate growth of rhizome tissues is characterized by marked lignification and suberization of supporting sclerenchymatous tissue, epidermis, and bundle sheath cells in aerial shoot-proximal nodes and internodes in O. coarctata. With salinity, however, aerial shoot-proximal internodal tissues show reductions in lignification and suberization, most probably related to re-direction of carbon flux towards synthesis of the osmporotectant proline. Concurrent with hypolignification and reduced suberization, the aerial rhizomatous biomass of O. coarctata appears to have evolved mechanisms to store Na+ in these specific tissues under salinity. This was confirmed by histochemical staining, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR expression patterns of genes involved in lignification/suberization, Na+ and K+ contents of internodal tissues, as well as non-invasive microelectrode ion flux measurements of NaCl-induced net Na+, K+, and H+ flux profiles of aerial nodes were determined. In O. coarctata, aerial proximal internodes appear to act as 'traffic controllers', sending required amounts of Na+ and K+ into developing leaves for osmotic adjustment and turgor-driven growth, while more deeply positioned internodes assume a Na+ buffering/storage role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rajakani
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600 113, India
- Forest Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague-16500, Czech Republic
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| | - Hassan Ahmed Ibraheem Ahmed
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42522, Egypt
| | - Subhashree Bharathan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur-613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumkum Kumari
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600 113, India
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Climate variability supersedes grazing to determine the anatomy and physiology of a dominant grassland species. Oecologia 2022; 198:345-355. [PMID: 35018484 PMCID: PMC8858925 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Grassland ecosystems are historically shaped by climate, fire, and grazing which are essential ecological drivers. These grassland drivers influence morphology and productivity of grasses via physiological processes, resulting in unique water and carbon-use strategies among species and populations. Leaf-level physiological responses in plants are constrained by the underlying anatomy, previously shown to reflect patterns of carbon assimilation and water-use in leaf tissues. However, the magnitude to which anatomy and physiology are impacted by grassland drivers remains unstudied. To address this knowledge gap, we sampled from three locations along a latitudinal gradient in the mesic grassland region of the central Great Plains, USA during the 2018 (drier) and 2019 (wetter) growing seasons. We measured annual biomass and forage quality at the plot level, while collecting physiological and anatomical traits at the leaf-level in cattle grazed and ungrazed locations at each site. Effects of ambient drought conditions superseded local grazing treatments and reduced carbon assimilation and total productivity in A. gerardii. Leaf-level anatomical traits, particularly those associated with water-use, varied within and across locations and between years. Specifically, xylem area increased when water was more available (2019), while xylem resistance to cavitation was observed to increase in the drier growing season (2018). Our results highlight the importance of multi-year studies in natural systems and how trait plasticity can serve as vital tool and offer insight to understanding future grassland responses from climate change as climate played a stronger role than grazing in shaping leaf physiology and anatomy.
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Hazman MY, Kabil FF. Maize root responses to drought stress depend on root class and axial position. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:105-120. [PMID: 34562205 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study we tested the hypotheses that root classes would exhibit distinctive anatomical and architectural responses to drought stress, and that those responses would vary along the root axes. The root systems of four maize (Zea mays L.) sweet corn genotypes designated SC1, SC2, SC3 and SC4 were phenotyped under well-watered and drought treatments in greenhouse mesocosms, permitting increasing stratification of moisture availability as the drought progressed. Anatomical and architectural responses to drought were evaluated for each root class. Lignin distribution was assessed by image processing of UV-illuminated root cross-sections acquired by laser ablation tomography. The two cultivars with less biomass reduction under drought, SC3 and SC4, substantially enhanced lateral root development along the apical segments of axial roots when plants were grown with drought stress. These segments grew into the deeper part of the mesocosm where more moisture was available. Apical segments of the axial and large lateral roots from drought-stressed plants were thicker and had greater theoretical axial water conductance than basal segments, especially in SC3 and SC4. Basal segments of crown roots of SC3 and SC4 showed increased lignification of the stele under drought. Root anatomical and architectural responses to drought are complex and vary among cultivars and root classes, and along root axes. Drought-induced proliferation of lateral roots on apical segments of axial roots would be expected to enhance deep water acquisition, while lignification of axial roots could help preserve axial water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Y Hazman
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Centre, 9 Gamma St., Giza, 12619, Egypt.
| | - Farida F Kabil
- Vegetable Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Gamma St., Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Contreras-Soto RI, Zacarias Rafael D, Domingos Moiana L, Maldonado C, Mora-Poblete F. Variation in Root-Related Traits Is Associated With Water Uptake in Lagenaria siceraria Genotypes Under Water-Deficit Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897256. [PMID: 35720562 PMCID: PMC9201500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In many agricultural areas, crop production has decreased due to a lack of water availability, which is having a negative impact on sustainability and putting food security at risk. In plants, the plasticity of the root system architecture (RSA) is considered to be a key trait driving the modification of the growth and structure of roots in response to water deficits. The purpose of this study was to examine the plasticity of the RSA traits (mean root diameter, MRD; root volume, RV; root length, RL; and root surface area, SA) associated with drought tolerance in eight Lagenaria siceraria (Mol. Standl) genotypes, representing three different geographical origins: South Africa (BG-58, BG-78, and GC), Asia (Philippines and South Korea), and Chile (Illapel, Chepica, and Osorno). The RSA changes were evaluated at four substrate depths (from 0 to 40 cm). Bottle gourd genotypes were grown in 20 L capacity pots under two contrasting levels of irrigation (well-watered and water-deficit conditions). The results showed that the water productivity (WP) had a significant effect on plasticity values, with the Chilean accessions having the highest values. Furthermore, Illapel and Chepica genotypes presented the highest WP, MRD, and RV values under water-deficit conditions, in which MRD and RV were significant in the deeper layers (20-30 and 30-40 cm). Biplot analysis showed that the Illapel and Chepica genotypes presented a high WP, MRD, and RV, which confirmed that these may be promising drought-tolerant genotypes. Consequently, increased root diameter and volume in bottle gourd may constitute a response to a water deficit. The RSA traits studied here can be used as selection criteria in bottle gourd breeding programs under water-deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Iván Contreras-Soto
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O' Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | | | | | - Carlos Maldonado
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O' Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
- *Correspondence: Carlos Maldonado
| | - Freddy Mora-Poblete
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Freddy Mora-Poblete
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Challabathula D, Analin B, Mohanan A, Bakka K. Differential modulation of photosynthesis, ROS and antioxidant enzyme activities in stress-sensitive and -tolerant rice cultivars during salinity and drought upon restriction of COX and AOX pathways of mitochondrial oxidative electron transport. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153583. [PMID: 34871988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought and salt stresses are two major abiotic stress factors that hamper crop growth and productivity. Three rice cultivars with different sensitivity and tolerance towards abiotic stress were used in the current study. While cultivar Aiswarya is salt- and drought-sensitive, cultivar Vyttila is salt-tolerant and cultivar Vaisakh is drought-tolerant. We compared the physiological and biochemical responses of these rice cultivars under salt and drought stress conditions after restricting their cytochrome oxidase (COX) and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathways using antimycin A and salicylhydroxamic acid treatment. Further, changes in their expression of AOX genes and corresponding protein levels were compared and analysed. The sensitive and tolerant rice cultivars subjected to drought and salt stress showed differential responses in physiological and biochemical traits. Whereas Aiswarya showed clear phenotypic differences, such as stunted growth, leaf curling, and loss of greening in leaf tissues, with increase in salt content and progressive drought stress, Vyttila and Vaisakh showed no remarkable changes. Moreover, the drought-tolerant cultivar rehydrated after 10 days of drought exposure, whereas the sensitive variety did not show any rehydration of leaf tissue. The leaves of the tolerant cultivars showed lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) production than that of the sensitive plants under drought and salt stress conditions because of the activation of a stronger antioxidant defence. Although, the restriction of COX and AOX pathways increased the susceptibility of sensitive cultivars, it affected the tolerant varieties moderately. Higher photosynthetic rates, an efficient antioxidant system comprising higher superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase activity along with higher AOX1a gene expression levels during drought and salt stress were observed in tolerant cultivars. The results suggest that an efficient antioxidant system and increased transcription of the AOX1a gene along with higher AOX protein levels are important for tolerant rice cultivars to maintain higher photosynthesis rates, lower ROS, and stress tolerance. Restriction of COX and AOX pathways impact the photosynthesis, ROS, and antioxidant enzymes in both sensitive and tolerant cultivars. The restriction of COX and AOX pathways have a stronger impact on gas exchange and fluorescence parameters of the sensitive cultivar than on that of the tolerant cultivars owing to the higher photosynthetic rates in tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinakar Challabathula
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India.
| | - Benedict Analin
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Akhil Mohanan
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Kavya Bakka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
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Burridge JD, Grondin A, Vadez V. Optimizing Crop Water Use for Drought and Climate Change Adaptation Requires a Multi-Scale Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:824720. [PMID: 35574091 PMCID: PMC9100818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.824720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Selection criteria that co-optimize water use efficiency and yield are needed to promote plant productivity in increasingly challenging and variable drought scenarios, particularly dryland cereals in the semi-arid tropics. Optimizing water use efficiency and yield fundamentally involves transpiration dynamics, where restriction of maximum transpiration rate helps to avoid early crop failure, while maximizing grain filling. Transpiration restriction can be regulated by multiple mechanisms and involves cross-organ coordination. This coordination involves complex feedbacks and feedforwards over time scales ranging from minutes to weeks, and from spatial scales ranging from cell membrane to crop canopy. Aquaporins have direct effect but various compensation and coordination pathways involve phenology, relative root and shoot growth, shoot architecture, root length distribution profile, as well as other architectural and anatomical aspects of plant form and function. We propose gravimetric phenotyping as an integrative, cross-scale solution to understand the dynamic, interwoven, and context-dependent coordination of transpiration regulation. The most fruitful breeding strategy is likely to be that which maintains focus on the phene of interest, namely, daily and season level transpiration dynamics. This direct selection approach is more precise than yield-based selection but sufficiently integrative to capture attenuating and complementary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Burridge
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: James D. Burridge,
| | - Alexandre Grondin
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Laboratoire Mixte International, Dakar, Senegal
- Centre d’Étude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, Thiès, Senegal
| | - Vincent Vadez
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Laboratoire Mixte International, Dakar, Senegal
- Centre d’Étude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, Thiès, Senegal
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
- Vincent Vadez,
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Reducing Drought Stress in Plants by Encapsulating Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria with Polysaccharides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312979. [PMID: 34884785 PMCID: PMC8657635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress imposed by climate change that affects crop production and soil microbial functions. Plants respond to water deficits at the morphological, biochemical, and physiological levels, and invoke different adaptation mechanisms to tolerate drought stress. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can help to alleviate drought stress in plants through various strategies, including phytohormone production, the solubilization of mineral nutrients, and the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and osmolytes. However, PGPB populations and functions are influenced by adverse soil factors, such as drought. Therefore, maintaining the viability and stability of PGPB applied to arid soils requires that the PGPB have to be protected by suitable coatings. The encapsulation of PGPB is one of the newest and most efficient techniques for protecting beneficial bacteria against unfavorable soil conditions. Coatings made from polysaccharides, such as sodium alginate, chitosan, starch, cellulose, and their derivatives, can absorb and retain substantial amounts of water in the interstitial sites of their structures, thereby promoting bacterial survival and better plant growth.
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Ei Phyo E, Sreewongchai T, Kongsil P. Phenotypic Diversity of Root Characteristics in Recombinant Inbred Lines of Cross Between Lowland and Highland Rice Varieties for Drought Tolerance Potential. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:1152-1161. [PMID: 34842387 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.1152.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Breeding between highland and lowland rice varieties is one of the strategic breeding of lowland rice for enhancing drought-tolerant capacity through root structure improvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic diversity of rice root traits in pot screening compared to the lowland parent. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The basket method was utilized in pot cultivation to evaluate the 100 of F7 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) derived through single seed descent method from a cross between lowland rice, RD49 variety and upland rice, Payaleumgaeng (PLG) variety. The two parents and F7 progenies were evaluated for the number of shallow roots (SRN) and the number of deep roots (DRN), together with other traits which were the number of total roots (TRN), the Ratio of Deep Rooting (RDR), maximum Root Length (RL), Root Dry Weight (RDW), Shoot Dry Weight (SDW), the ratio of Root to Shoot Weight (RSR) and Plant Height (PH). <b>Results:</b> The result showed that PLG had significantly higher SRN, DRN, TRN and RDR than RD49. The distribution of these traits showed slightly positive skewness in DRN, RDR, RDW, SDW and RSR and negative skewness in SRN, TRN, RL and PH. However, some lines in this RIL population displayed better performance of root traits compared to both parents. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of DRN, SRN, TRN and RDR in this population showed a distinctly different pattern among both parents. Most of the selected lines had superior RDR over RD49 and had various root characteristics patterns due to the diverse PCA coordinates. The yield trial of some breeding lines in this cross show superior yield over RD49 under drought-prone cultivation area. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study showed broad phenotypic diversity in the population constructed through single seed descent selection for enhancing deep root structure in rice for drought adaptation.
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Bai J, Wang X, Yao X, Chen X, Lu K, Hu Y, Wang Z, Mu Y, Zhang L, Dong H. Rice aquaporin OsPIP2;2 is a water-transporting facilitator in relevance to drought-tolerant responses. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e338. [PMID: 34430793 PMCID: PMC8365552 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In rice (Oryza sativa), the PLASMA MEMBRANE INTRINSIC PROTEIN (PIP) family of aquaporin has 11 members, OsPIP1;1 to OsPIP1;3, and OsPIP2;1 to OsPIP2;8, which are hypothesized to facilitate the transport of H2O and other small compounds across cell membranes. To date, however, only OsPIP1;2, OsPIP2;1, and OsPIP2;4 have been demonstrated for substrate selectivity in their source plant (rice). In this study, OsPIP2;2 was characterized as the most efficient facilitator of H2O transport across cell membranes in comparison with the other 10 OsPIPs. In concomitant tests of all OsPIPs, four genes (OsPIP1;3, OsPIP2;1, OsPIP2;2, and OsPIP2;4) were induced to express in leaves of rice plants following a physiological drought stress, while OsPIP2;2 was expressed to the highest level. After de novo expression in frog oocytes and yeast cells, the four OsPIP proteins were localized to the plasma membranes in trimer and tetramer and displayed the activity to increase the membrane permeability to H2O. In comparison, OsPIP2;2 was most supportive to H2O import to oocytes and yeast cells. After de novo expression in tobacco protoplasts, OsPIP2;2 exceeded OsPIP1;3, OsPIP2;1, and OsPIP2;4 to support H2O transport across the plasma membranes. OsPIP2;2-mediated H2O transport was accompanied by drought-tolerant responses, including increases in concentrations of proline and polyamines, both of which are physiological markers of drought tolerance. In rice protoplasts, H2O transport and drought-tolerant responses, which included expression of marker genes of drought tolerance pathway, were considerably enhanced by OsPIP2;2 overexpression but strongly inhibited by the gene silencing. Furthermore, OsPIP2;2 played a role in maintenance of the cell membrane integrity and effectively protected rice cells from electrolyte leakage caused by the physiological drought stress. These results suggest that OsPIP2;2 is a predominant facilitator of H2O transport in relevance to drought tolerance in the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Bai
- College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
- School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kai Lu
- College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Yiqun Hu
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agroproduct SafetyAnhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Zuodong Wang
- College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Yanjie Mu
- College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Hansong Dong
- College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
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Kumar S, Tripathi S, Singh SP, Prasad A, Akter F, Syed MA, Badri J, Das SP, Bhattarai R, Natividad MA, Quintana M, Venkateshwarlu C, Raman A, Yadav S, Singh SK, Swain P, Anandan A, Yadaw RB, Mandal NP, Verulkar SB, Kumar A, Henry A. Rice breeding for yield under drought has selected for longer flag leaves and lower stomatal density. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4981-4992. [PMID: 33852008 PMCID: PMC8219034 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct selection for yield under drought has resulted in the release of a number of drought-tolerant rice varieties across Asia. In this study, we characterized the physiological traits that have been affected by this strategy in breeding trials across sites in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. Drought- breeding lines and drought-tolerant varieties showed consistently longer flag leaves and lower stomatal density than our drought-susceptible check variety, IR64. The influence of environmental parameters other than drought treatments on leaf traits was evidenced by close grouping of treatments within a site. Flag-leaf length and width appeared to be regulated by different environmental parameters. In separate trials in the Philippines, the same breeding lines studied in South Asia showed that canopy temperature under drought and harvest index across treatments were most correlated with grain yield. Both atmospheric and soil stress strengthened the relationships between leaf traits and yield. The stable expression of leaf traits among genotypes and the identification of the environmental conditions in which they contribute to yield, as well as the observation that some breeding lines showed longer time to flowering and higher canopy temperature than IR64, suggest that selection for additional physiological traits may result in further improvements of this breeding pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Santosh Tripathi
- Nepal Agricultural Research Council Regional Agriculture Research Station, Nepalgunj, Khajura, Banke, Nepal
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tarahara, Sunsari, Nepal
| | | | - Archana Prasad
- Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Fahamida Akter
- Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Regional Station, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Syed
- Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Regional Station, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Jyothi Badri
- ICAR Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sankar Prasad Das
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Lembucherra, Tripura, India
| | - Rudra Bhattarai
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tarahara, Sunsari, Nepal
| | | | - Marinell Quintana
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Challa Venkateshwarlu
- International Rice Research Institute South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Anitha Raman
- International Rice Research Institute South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Shailesh Yadav
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | - Padmini Swain
- ICAR National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - A Anandan
- ICAR National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Ram Baran Yadaw
- National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Baniniya, Janakpurdham, Nepal
| | - Nimai P Mandal
- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station, Hazaribag, Jharkand, India
| | - S B Verulkar
- Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- International Rice Research Institute South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- Correspondence:
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Khan MIR, Palakolanu SR, Chopra P, Rajurkar AB, Gupta R, Iqbal N, Maheshwari C. Improving drought tolerance in rice: Ensuring food security through multi-dimensional approaches. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:645-668. [PMID: 33006143 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought has been highly prevalent around the world especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asian countries. Consistent climatic instabilities and unpredictable rainfall patterns are further worsening the situation. Rice is a C3 staple cereal and an important food crop for the majority of the world's population and drought stress is one of the major growth retarding threats for rice that slashes down grain quality and yield. Drought deteriorates rice productivity and induces various acclimation responses that aids in stress mitigation. However, the complexity of traits associated with drought tolerance has made the understanding of drought stress-induced responses in rice a challenging process. An integrative understanding based on physiological adaptations, omics, transgenic and molecular breeding approaches successively backed up to developing drought stress-tolerant rice. The review represents a step forward to develop drought-resilient rice plants by exploiting the knowledge that collaborates with omics-based developments with integrative efforts to ensure the compilation of all the possible strategies undertaken to develop drought stress-tolerant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhakar R Palakolanu
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Group, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Ashish B Rajurkar
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Chirag Maheshwari
- Agricultural Energy and Power Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
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39
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Kumar J, Sen Gupta D, Djalovic I, Kumar S, Siddique KHM. Root-omics for drought tolerance in cool-season grain legumes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:629-644. [PMID: 33314181 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Root traits can be exploited to increase the physiological efficiency of crop water use under drought. Root length, root hairs, root branching, root diameter, and root proliferation rate are genetically defined traits that can help to improve the water productivity potential of crops. Recently, high-throughput phenotyping techniques/platforms have been used to screen the germplasm of major cool-season grain legumes for root traits and their impact on different physiological processes, including nutrient uptake and yield potential. Advances in omics approaches have led to the dissection of genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic structures of these traits. This knowledge facilitates breeders to improve the water productivity and nutrient uptake of cultivars under limited soil moisture conditions in major cool-season grain legumes that usually face terminal drought. This review discusses the advances in root traits and their potential for developing drought-tolerant cultivars in cool-season grain legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Debjyoti Sen Gupta
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Ivica Djalovic
- Maize Department, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Biodiversity and Crop Improvement Program, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Reeger JE, Wheatley M, Yang Y, Brown KM. Targeted mutation of transcription factor genes alters metaxylem vessel size and number in rice roots. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00328. [PMID: 34142002 PMCID: PMC8204146 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Root metaxylem vessels are responsible for axial water transport and contribute to hydraulic architecture. Variation in metaxylem vessel size and number can impact drought tolerance in crop plants, including rice, a crop that is particularly sensitive to drought. Identifying and validating candidate genes for metaxylem development would aid breeding efforts for improved varieties for drought tolerance. We identified three transcription factor candidate genes that potentially regulate metaxylem vessel size and number in rice based on orthologous annotations, published expression data, and available root and drought-related QTL data. Single gene knockout mutants were generated for each candidate using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Root metaxylem vessel area and number were analyzed in 6-week-old knockout mutants and wild-type plants under well-watered and drought conditions in the greenhouse. Compared with wild type, LONESOME HIGHWAY (OsLHW) mutants had fewer, smaller metaxylem vessels in shallow roots and more, larger vessels in deep roots in drought conditions, indicating that OsLHW may be a repressor of drought-induced metaxylem plasticity. The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 15 mutants showed fewer but larger metaxylem vessel area in well-watered conditions, but phenotypes were inconsistent under drought treatment. ORYZA SATIVA HOMEBOX 6 (OSH6) mutants had fewer, smaller metaxylem vessels in well-watered conditions with greater effects on xylem number than size. OSH6 mutants had larger shoots and more, deeper roots than the wild type in well-watered conditions, but there were no differences in performance under drought between mutants and wild type. Though these candidate gene mutants did not exhibit large phenotypic effects, the identification and investigation of candidate genes related to metaxylem traits in rice deepen our understanding of metaxylem development and are needed to facilitate incorporation of favorable alleles into breeding populations to improve drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E. Reeger
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant BiologyHuck Institutes of the Life SciencesPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Matthew Wheatley
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental MicrobiologyHuck Institute of the Life SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Yinong Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental MicrobiologyHuck Institute of the Life SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Kathleen M. Brown
- Department of Plant ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
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Assessment of root phenotypes in mungbean mini-core collection (MMC) from the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC) Taiwan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247810. [PMID: 33661994 PMCID: PMC7932546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important food grain legume, but its production capacity is threatened by global warming, which can intensify plant stress and limit future production. Identifying new variation of key root traits in mungbean will provide the basis for breeding lines with effective root characteristics for improved water uptake to mitigate heat and drought stress. The AVRDC mungbean mini core collection consisting of 296 genotypes was screened under modified semi-hydroponic screening conditions to determine the variation for fourteen root-related traits. The AVRDC mungbean mini core collection displayed wide variations for the primary root length, total surface area, and total root length, and based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering eight homogeneous groups displaying different root traits could be identified. Germplasm with potentially favorable root traits has been identified for further studies to identify the donor genotypes for breeding cultivars with enhanced adaptation to water-deficit stress and other stress conditions.
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Ganie SA, Ahammed GJ. Dynamics of cell wall structure and related genomic resources for drought tolerance in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:437-459. [PMID: 33389046 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall plasticity plays a very crucial role in vegetative and reproductive development of rice under drought and is a highly potential trait for improving rice yield under drought. Drought is a major constraint in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation severely affecting all developmental stages, with the reproductive stage being the most sensitive. Rice plants employ multiple strategies to cope with drought, in which modification in cell wall dynamics plays a crucial role. Over the years, significant progress has been made in discovering the cell wall-specific genomic resources related to drought tolerance at vegetative and reproductive stages of rice. However, questions remain about how the drought-induced changes in cell wall made by these genomic resources potentially influence the vegetative and reproductive development of rice. The possibly major candidate genes underlying the function of quantitative trait loci directly or indirectly associated with the cell wall plasticization-mediated drought tolerance of rice might have a huge promise in dissecting the putative genomic regions associated with cell wall plasticity under drought. Furthermore, engineering the drought tolerance of rice using cell wall-related genes from resurrection plants may have huge prospects for rice yield improvement. Here, we review the comprehensive multidisciplinary analyses to unravel different components and mechanisms involved in drought-induced cell wall plasticity at vegetative and reproductive stages that could be targeted for improving rice yield under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India.
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
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Tiwari P, Srivastava D, Chauhan AS, Indoliya Y, Singh PK, Tiwari S, Fatima T, Mishra SK, Dwivedi S, Agarwal L, Singh PC, Asif MH, Tripathi RD, Shirke PA, Chakrabarty D, Chauhan PS, Nautiyal CS. Root system architecture, physiological analysis and dynamic transcriptomics unravel the drought-responsive traits in rice genotypes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111252. [PMID: 32916530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the major abiotic factors that limit crop productivity worldwide. To withstand stress conditions, plants alter numerous mechanisms for adaption and tolerance. Therefore, in the present study, 106 rice varieties were screened for drought tolerance phenotype via exposing different concentrations of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) in the hydroponic nutrient medium at the time interval of 1, 3, and 7 days to evaluate the changes in their root system architecture. Further, based on root phenotype obtained after PEG-induced drought, two contrasting varieties drought-tolerant Heena and -sensitive Kiran were selected to study transcriptional and physiological alterations at the same stress durations. Physiological parameters (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration), and non-enzymatic antioxidants (carotenoids, anthocyanins, total phenol content) production indicated better performance of Heena than Kiran. Comparatively higher accumulation of carotenoid and anthocyanin content and the increased photosynthetic rate was also observed in Heena. Root morphology (length, numbers of root hairs, seminal roots and adventitious roots) and anatomical data (lignin deposition, xylem area) enable tolerant variety Heena to better maintain membrane integrity and relative water content, which also contribute to comparatively higher biomass accumulation in Heena under drought. In transcriptome profiling, significant drought stress-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in both the varieties. A total of 1033 and 936 uniquely upregulated DEGs were found in Heena and Kiran respectively. The significant modulation of DEGs that were mainly associated with phytohormone signaling, stress-responsive genes (LEA, DREB), transcription factors (TFs) (AP2/ERF, MYB, WRKY, bHLH), and genes involved in photosynthesis and antioxidative mechanisms indicate better adaptive nature of Heena in stress tolerance. Additionally, the QTL-mapping analysis showed a very high number of DEGs associated with drought stress at AQHP069 QTL in Heena in comparison to Kiran which further distinguishes the drought-responsive traits at the chromosomal level in both the contrasting varieties. Overall, results support the higher capability of Heena over Kiran variety to induce numerous genes along with the development of better root architecture to endure drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | | | - Abhishek Singh Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Yuvraj Indoliya
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shalini Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Touseef Fatima
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Shashank Kumar Mishra
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sanjay Dwivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Lalit Agarwal
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Poonam C Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mehar H Asif
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rudra D Tripathi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pramod A Shirke
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debasis Chakrabarty
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Chen G, Zhao G, Cheng W, Zhang H, Lu C, Zhang H, Shen Y, Wang B, Shi W. Rice nitrogen use efficiency does not link to ammonia volatilization in paddy fields. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140433. [PMID: 32610240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a major pathway of nitrogen (N) losses from paddy fields, and could be potentially mitigated by cultivation of high nitrogen use efficiency (high-NUE) rice cultivars. However, the relationship between NUE and NH3 volatilization has not been validated under field conditions. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of four rice cultivars with different NUE [Wuyunjing 23 (W23), Zhendao 11 (Z11), Wuyujing 3 (W3), and Aoyusi 386 (A386)] on NH3 volatilization, as well as the related mechanisms. Two high-NUE rice cultivars W23 and Z11 was not more effective in reducing total NH3 volatilization from the paddy field compared to cultivar A386 with the lowest NUE. Cultivar A386 had 12.7-17.8% and 35.7-54.1% lower NH3 volatilization than other three rice cultivars at tillering fertilization stage (TFS) and panicle fertilization stage (PFS), respectively, mainly due to its greater shoot N accumulation, root biomass and volume at TFS and its greater shoot biomass, leaf area index and shoot N accumulation at PFS. There was no significant difference in NH3 volatilization among W23, Z11 and W3 at TFS. However, premature senescence phenomenon at later growth stages of A386 eventually led to its lowest NUE among the four rice cultivars. Our results suggest that NUE of rice does not link to NH3 volatilization from paddy fields. In order to make high-NUE rice cultivars also effective in mitigating NH3 volatilization, future breeding works should aim to improve N uptake capability and canopy structure at early tillering and panicle development stages while prevent premature senescence of rice plants to maintain high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Chen
- Development of Agricultural Ecological Environment, Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiaxing 314016, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Wangda Cheng
- Development of Agricultural Ecological Environment, Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiaxing 314016, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Chenni Lu
- Development of Agricultural Ecological Environment, Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiaxing 314016, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Development of Agricultural Ecological Environment, Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiaxing 314016, China
| | - Yaqiang Shen
- Development of Agricultural Ecological Environment, Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiaxing 314016, China
| | - Baojun Wang
- Development of Agricultural Ecological Environment, Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiaxing 314016, China
| | - Weiming Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Grondin A, Affortit P, Tranchant-Dubreuil C, de la Fuente-Cantó C, Mariac C, Gantet P, Vadez V, Vigouroux Y, Laplaze L. Aquaporins are main contributors to root hydraulic conductivity in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.]. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233481. [PMID: 33001997 PMCID: PMC7529256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pearl millet is a key cereal for food security in arid and semi-arid regions but its yield is increasingly threatened by water stress. Physiological mechanisms relating to conservation of soil water or increased water use efficiency can alleviate that stress. Aquaporins (AQP) are water channels that mediate root water transport, thereby influencing plant hydraulics, transpiration and soil water conservation. However, AQP remain largely uncharacterized in pearl millet. Here, we studied AQP function in root water transport in two pearl millet lines contrasting for water use efficiency (WUE). We observed that these lines also contrasted for root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) and AQP contribution to Lpr. The line with lower WUE showed significantly higher AQP contribution to Lpr. To investigate AQP isoforms contributing to Lpr, we developed genomic approaches to first identify the entire AQP family in pearl millet and secondly, characterize the plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIP) gene expression profile. We identified and annotated 33 AQP genes in pearl millet, among which ten encoded PIP isoforms. PgPIP1-3 and PgPIP1-4 were significantly more expressed in the line showing lower WUE, higher Lpr and higher AQP contribution to Lpr. Overall, our study suggests that the PIP1 AQP family are the main regulators of Lpr in pearl millet and may possibly be associated with mechanisms associated to whole plant water use. This study paves the way for further investigations on AQP functions in pearl millet hydraulics and adaptation to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Grondin
- UMR DIADE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, Dakar, Senegal
- Centre d’Étude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, Thiès, Senegal
- * E-mail:
| | - Pablo Affortit
- UMR DIADE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Cédric Mariac
- UMR DIADE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Gantet
- UMR DIADE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Vadez
- UMR DIADE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Yves Vigouroux
- UMR DIADE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- UMR DIADE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux, Dakar, Senegal
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Guimarães PHR, de Lima IP, de Castro AP, Lanna AC, Guimarães Santos Melo P, de Raïssac M. Phenotyping Root Systems in a Set of Japonica Rice Accessions: Can Structural Traits Predict the Response to Drought? RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:67. [PMID: 32930888 PMCID: PMC7492358 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The root system plays a major role in plant growth and development and root system architecture is reported to be the main trait related to plant adaptation to drought. However, phenotyping root systems in situ is not suited to high-throughput methods, leading to the development of non-destructive methods for evaluations in more or less controlled root environments. This study used a root phenotyping platform with a panel of 20 japonica rice accessions in order to: (i) assess their genetic diversity for a set of structural and morphological root traits and classify the different types; (ii) analyze the plastic response of their root system to a water deficit at reproductive phase and (iii) explore the ability of the platform for high-throughput phenotyping of root structure and morphology. RESULTS High variability for the studied root traits was found in the reduced set of accessions. Using eight selected traits under irrigated conditions, five root clusters were found that differed in root thickness, branching index and the pattern of fine and thick root distribution along the profile. When water deficit occurred at reproductive phase, some accessions significantly reduced root growth compared to the irrigated treatment, while others stimulated it. It was found that root cluster, as defined under irrigated conditions, could not predict the plastic response of roots under drought. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the possibility of reconstructing the structure of root systems from scanned images. It was thus possible to significantly class root systems according to simple structural traits, opening up the way for using such a platform for medium to high-throughput phenotyping. The study also highlighted the uncoupling between root structures under non-limiting water conditions and their response to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela Pereira de Lima
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Agricultura, Campus Universitário, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | - Anna Cristina Lanna
- Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Rodovia GO-462, km 12, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, 75375-000, Brazil
| | | | - Marcel de Raïssac
- Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, AGAP, Montpellier, France.
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Thorne SJ, Hartley SE, Maathuis FJM. Is Silicon a Panacea for Alleviating Drought and Salt Stress in Crops? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1221. [PMID: 32973824 PMCID: PMC7461962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salinity affects around 20% of all arable land while an even larger area suffers from recurrent drought. Together these stresses suppress global crop production by as much as 50% and their impacts are predicted to be exacerbated by climate change. Infrastructure and management practices can mitigate these detrimental impacts, but are costly. Crop breeding for improved tolerance has had some success but is progressing slowly and is not keeping pace with climate change. In contrast, Silicon (Si) is known to improve plant tolerance to a range of stresses and could provide a sustainable, rapid and cost-effective mitigation method. The exact mechanisms are still under debate but it appears Si can relieve salt stress via accumulation in the root apoplast where it reduces "bypass flow of ions to the shoot. Si-dependent drought relief has been linked to lowered root hydraulic conductance and reduction of water loss through transpiration. However, many alternative mechanisms may play a role such as altered gene expression and increased accumulation of compatible solutes. Oxidative damage that occurs under stress conditions can be reduced by Si through increased antioxidative enzymes while Si-improved photosynthesis has also been reported. Si fertilizer can be produced relatively cheaply and to assess its economic viability to improve crop stress tolerance we present a cost-benefit analysis. It suggests that Si fertilization may be beneficial in many agronomic settings but may be beyond the means of smallholder farmers in developing countries. Si application may also have disadvantages, such as increased soil pH, less efficient conversion of crops into biofuel and reduced digestibility of animal fodder. These issues may hamper uptake of Si fertilization as a routine agronomic practice. Here, we critically evaluate recent literature, quantifying the most significant physiological changes associated with Si in plants under drought and salinity stress. Analyses show that metrics associated with photosynthesis, water balance and oxidative stress all improve when Si is present during plant exposure to salinity and drought. We further conclude that most of these changes can be explained by apoplastic roles of Si while there is as yet little evidence to support biochemical roles of this element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Thorne
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. Hartley
- Department of Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Araus V, Swift J, Alvarez JM, Henry A, Coruzzi GM. A balancing act: how plants integrate nitrogen and water signals. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4442-4451. [PMID: 31990028 PMCID: PMC7382378 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and water (W) are crucial inputs for plant survival as well as costly resources for agriculture. Given their importance, the molecular mechanisms that plants rely on to signal changes in either N or W status have been under intense scrutiny. However, how plants sense and respond to the combination of N and W signals at the molecular level has received scant attention. The purpose of this review is to shed light on what is currently known about how plant responses to N are impacted by W status. We review classic studies which detail how N and W combinations have both synergistic and antagonistic effects on key plant traits, such as root architecture and stomatal aperture. Recent molecular studies of N and W interactions show that mutations in genes involved in N metabolism affect drought responses, and vice versa. Specifically, perturbing key N signaling genes may lead to changes in drought-responsive gene expression programs, which is supported by a meta-analysis we conduct on available transcriptomic data. Additionally, we cite studies that show how combinatorial transcriptional responses to N and W status might drive crop phenotypes. Through these insights, we suggest research strategies that could help to develop crops adapted to marginal soils depleted in both N and W, an important task in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Araus
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Swift
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Jose M Alvarez
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, NY, USA
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Gloria M Coruzzi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, NY, USA
- Correspondence:
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49
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Pakdel H, Hassani SB, Ghotbi-Ravandi AA, Bernard F. Contrasting the expression pattern change of polyamine oxidase genes and photosynthetic efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes under drought stress. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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50
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Ramachandran P, Augstein F, Nguyen V, Carlsbecker A. Coping With Water Limitation: Hormones That Modify Plant Root Xylem Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:570. [PMID: 32499804 PMCID: PMC7243681 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Periods of drought, that threaten crop production, are expected to become more prominent in large parts of the world, making it necessary to explore all aspects of plant growth and development, to breed, modify and select crops adapted to such conditions. One such aspect is the xylem, where influencing the size and number of the water-transporting xylem vessels, may impact on hydraulic conductance and drought tolerance. Here, we focus on how plants adjust their root xylem as a response to reduced water availability. While xylem response has been observed in a wide array of species, most of our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying xylem plasticity comes from studies on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. When grown under water limiting conditions, Arabidopsis rapidly adjusts its development to produce more xylem strands with altered identity in an abscisic acid (ABA) dependent manner. Other hormones such as auxin and cytokinin are essential for vascular patterning and differentiation. Their balance can be perturbed by stress, as evidenced by the effects of enhanced jasmonic acid signaling, which results in similar xylem developmental alterations as enhanced ABA signaling. Furthermore, brassinosteroids and other signaling molecules involved in drought tolerance can also impact xylem development. Hence, a multitude of signals affect root xylem properties and, potentially, influence survival under water limiting conditions. Here, we review the likely entangled signals that govern root vascular development, and discuss the importance of taking root anatomical traits into account when breeding crops for enhanced resilience toward changes in water availability.
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