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Dziewit K, Amakorová P, Novák O, Szal B, Podgórska A. Systemic strategies for cytokinin biosynthesis and catabolism in Arabidopsis roots and leaves under prolonged ammonium nutrition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108858. [PMID: 38924907 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cytokinins are growth-regulating plant hormones that are considered to adjust plant development under environmental stresses. During sole ammonium nutrition, a condition known to induce growth retardation of plants, altered cytokinin content can contribute to the characteristic ammonium toxicity syndrome. To understand the metabolic changes in cytokinin pools, cytokinin biosynthesis and degradation were analyzed in the leaves and roots of mature Arabidopsis plants. We found that in leaves of ammonium-grown plants, despite induction of biosynthesis on the expression level, there was no active cytokinin build-up because they were effectively routed toward their downstream catabolites. In roots, cytokinin conjugation was also induced, together with low expression of major synthetic enzymes, resulting in a decreased content of the trans-zeatin form under ammonium conditions. Based on these results, we hypothesized that in leaves and roots, cytokinin turnover is the major regulator of the cytokinin pool and does not allow active cytokinins to accumulate. A potent negative-regulator of root development is trans-zeatin, therefore its low level in mature root tissues of ammonium-grown plants may be responsible for occurrence of a wide root system. Additionally, specific cytokinin enhancement in apical root tips may evoke a short root phenotype in plants under ammonium conditions. The ability to flexibly regulate cytokinin metabolism and distribution in root and shoot tissues can contribute to adjusting plant development in response to ammonium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Dziewit
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 01, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Petra Amakorová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Bożena Szal
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 01, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Podgórska
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 01, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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Kong S, Zhu M, Scarpin MR, Pan D, Jia L, Martinez RE, Alamos S, Vadde BVL, Garcia HG, Qian SB, Brunkard JO, Roeder AHK. DRMY1 promotes robust morphogenesis by sustaining the translation of cytokinin signaling inhibitor proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.04.07.536060. [PMID: 37066395 PMCID: PMC10104159 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.536060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Robustness is the invariant development of phenotype despite environmental changes and genetic perturbations. In the Arabidopsis flower bud, four sepals robustly initiate and grow to constant size to enclose and protect the inner floral organs. We previously characterized the mutant development related myb-like1 ( drmy1 ), where 3-5 sepals initiate variably and grow to different sizes, compromising their protective function. The molecular mechanism underlying this loss of robustness was unclear. Here, we show that drmy1 has reduced TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) activity, ribosomal content, and translation. Translation reduction decreases the protein level of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR7 (ARR7) and ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 6 (AHP6), two cytokinin signaling inhibitors that are normally rapidly produced before sepal initiation. The resultant upregulation of cytokinin signaling disrupts robust auxin patterning and sepal initiation. Our work shows that the homeostasis of translation, a ubiquitous cellular process, is crucial for the robust spatiotemporal patterning of organogenesis.
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Marash I, Gupta R, Anand G, Leibman-Markus M, Lindner N, Israeli A, Nir D, Avni A, Bar M. TOR coordinates cytokinin and gibberellin signals mediating development and defense. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:629-650. [PMID: 37904283 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants constantly perceive and process environmental signals and balance between the energetic demands of growth and defense. Growth arrest upon pathogen attack was previously suggested to result from a redirection of the plants' metabolic resources towards the activation of plant defense. The energy sensor Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase is a conserved master coordinator of growth and development in all eukaryotes. Although TOR is positioned at the interface between development and defense, little is known about the mechanisms by which TOR may potentially regulate the relationship between these two modalities. The plant hormones cytokinin (CK) and gibberellin (GA) execute various aspects of plant development and defense. The ratio between CK and GA was reported to determine the outcome of developmental programmes. Here, investigating the interplay between TOR-mediated development and TOR-mediated defense in tomato, we found that TOR silencing resulted in rescue of several different aberrant developmental phenotypes, demonstrating that TOR is required for the execution of developmental cues. In parallel, TOR inhibition enhanced immunity in genotypes with a low CK/GA ratio but not in genotypes with a high CK/GA ratio. TOR-inhibition mediated disease resistance was found to depend on developmental status, and was abolished in strongly morphogenetic leaves, while being strongest in mature, differentiated leaves. CK repressed TOR activity, suggesting that CK-mediated immunity may rely on TOR downregulation. At the same time, TOR activity was promoted by GA, and TOR silencing reduced GA sensitivity, indicating that GA signalling requires normal TOR activity. Our results demonstrate that TOR likely acts in concert with CK and GA signalling, executing signalling cues in both defense and development. Thus, differential regulation of TOR or TOR-mediated processes could regulate the required outcome of development-defense prioritisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftah Marash
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Gautam Anand
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Meirav Leibman-Markus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Naomi Lindner
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Israeli
- Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dov Nir
- Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Avni
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
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Lv Z, Zhao W, Kong S, Li L, Lin S. Overview of molecular mechanisms of plant leaf development: a systematic review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1293424. [PMID: 38146273 PMCID: PMC10749370 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1293424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaf growth initiates in the peripheral region of the meristem at the apex of the stem, eventually forming flat structures. Leaves are pivotal organs in plants, serving as the primary sites for photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. Their development is intricately governed by complex regulatory networks. Leaf development encompasses five processes: the leaf primordium initiation, the leaf polarity establishment, leaf size expansion, shaping of leaf, and leaf senescence. The leaf primordia starts from the side of the growth cone at the apex of the stem. Under the precise regulation of a series of genes, the leaf primordia establishes adaxial-abaxial axes, proximal-distal axes and medio-lateral axes polarity, guides the primordia cells to divide and differentiate in a specific direction, and finally develops into leaves of a certain shape and size. Leaf senescence is a kind of programmed cell death that occurs in plants, and as it is the last stage of leaf development. Each of these processes is meticulously coordinated through the intricate interplay among transcriptional regulatory factors, microRNAs, and plant hormones. This review is dedicated to examining the regulatory influences of major regulatory factors and plant hormones on these five developmental aspects of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Lv
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanqi Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuxin Kong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyan Lin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Henning PM, Roalson EH, Mir W, McCubbin AG, Shore JS. Annotation of the Turnera subulata (Passifloraceae) Draft Genome Reveals the S-Locus Evolved after the Divergence of Turneroideae from Passifloroideae in a Stepwise Manner. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:286. [PMID: 36679000 PMCID: PMC9862265 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A majority of Turnera species (Passifloraceae) exhibit distyly, a reproductive system involving both self-incompatibility and reciprocal herkogamy. This system differs from self-incompatibility in Passiflora species. The genetic basis of distyly in Turnera is a supergene, restricted to the S-morph, and containing three S-genes. How supergenes and distyly evolved in Turnera, and the other Angiosperm families exhibiting distyly remain largely unknown. Unraveling the evolutionary origins in Turnera requires the generation of genomic resources and extensive phylogenetic analyses. Here, we present the annotated draft genome of the S-morph of distylous Turnera subulata. Our annotation allowed for phylogenetic analyses of the three S-genes' families across 56 plant species ranging from non-seed plants to eudicots. In addition to the phylogenetic analysis, we identified the three S-genes' closest paralogs in two species of Passiflora. Our analyses suggest that the S-locus evolved after the divergence of Passiflora and Turnera. Finally, to provide insights into the neofunctionalization of the S-genes, we compared expression patterns of the S-genes with close paralogs in Arabidopsis and Populus trichocarpa. The annotation of the T. subulata genome will provide a useful resource for future comparative work. Additionally, this work has provided insights into the convergent nature of distyly and the origin of supergenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M. Henning
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin Madison, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706-1577, USA
| | - Eric H. Roalson
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Wali Mir
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Andrew G. McCubbin
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Joel S. Shore
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Pavlů J, Kerchev P, Černý M, Novák J, Berka M, Jobe TO, López Ramos JM, Saiz-Fernández I, Rashotte AM, Kopriva S, Brzobohatý B. Cytokinin modulates the metabolic network of sulfur and glutathione. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7417-7433. [PMID: 36226742 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin is implicated in a range of growth, developmental, and defense processes. A growing body of evidence supports a crosstalk between cytokinin and nutrient signaling pathways, such as nitrate availability. Cytokinin signaling regulates sulfur-responsive gene expression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and their impact on sulfur-containing metabolites have not been systematically explored. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological tools, we investigated the interplay between cytokinin signaling and sulfur homeostasis. Exogenous cytokinin triggered sulfur starvation-like gene expression accompanied by a decrease in sulfate and glutathione content. This process was uncoupled from the activity of the major transcriptional regulator of sulfate starvation signaling SULFUR LIMITATION 1 and an important glutathione-degrading enzyme, γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase 2;1, expression of which was robustly up-regulated by cytokinin. Conversely, glutathione accumulation was observed in mutants lacking the cytokinin receptor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE 3 and in cytokinin-deficient plants. Cytokinin-deficient plants displayed improved root growth upon exposure to glutathione-depleting chemicals which was attributed to a higher capacity to maintain glutathione levels. These results shed new light on the interplay between cytokinin signaling and sulfur homeostasis. They position cytokinin as an important modulator of sulfur uptake, assimilation, and remobilization in plant defense against xenobiotics and root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pavlů
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kerchev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Berka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Timothy O Jobe
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - José Maria López Ramos
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aaron Michael Rashotte
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Pan L, Berka M, Černý M, Novák J, Luklová M, Brzobohatý B, Saiz-Fernández I. Cytokinin Deficiency Alters Leaf Proteome and Metabolome during Effector-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162123. [PMID: 36015426 PMCID: PMC9415597 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of cytokinins (CK) in biotic stresses has been recognized, while knowledge regarding the effects of CK deficiency on plant response against pathogens is less abundant. Thus, the purpose of this study was to reveal the effects of CK deficiency on proteomics and metabolomic responses of flg22-triggered immunity. We conducted a series of histochemical assays to investigate the activity of the downstream pathways caused by flg22, such as accumulation of ROS, induction of defence genes, and callose deposition, that occurred in Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines overexpressing the Hordeum vulgare CKX2 gene (HvCKX2), which are therefore CK-deficient. We also used GC and LC-MS-based technology to quantify variations in stress hormone levels and metabolomic and proteomic responses in flg22-treated HvCKX2 and wild-type Arabidopsis plants. We found that CK deficiency alters the flg22-triggered plant defence response, especially through induction of callose deposition, upregulation of defence response-related proteins, increased amino acid biosynthesis, and regulation of plant photosynthesis. We also indicated that JA might be an important contributor to immune response in plants deficient in CKs. The present study offers new evidence on the fundamental role of endogenous CK in the response to pathogens, as well as the possibility of altering plant biotic tolerance by manipulating CK pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Pan
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (I.S.-F.)
| | - Miroslav Berka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Luklová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (I.S.-F.)
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Lei B, Chang W, Zhao H, Zhang K, Yu J, Yu S, Cai K, Zhang J, Lu K. Nitrogen application and differences in leaf number retained after topping affect the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) transcriptome and metabolome. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:38. [PMID: 35045826 PMCID: PMC8767696 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agronomic treatments such as the application of nitrogen fertilizer and topping (removal of the inflorescence and top leaves) cause substantial changes in plant metabolism. To explore these changes, we conducted comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of leaves collected from four positions along the stem on plants exposed to two nitrogen doses and with different numbers of leaves retained after topping in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). RESULTS We identified 13,330 unique differentially expressed genes and 32 differentially abundant metabolites. Through RNA-seq and WGCNA analyze, we constructed 2 co-expression networks (green and blue) highly correlation to N application and leaf number retained, predicted a hub gene NtGER3 may play an important role in N metabolism related to amino acid (cysteine) through CK pathway in tobacco leaves, NtARFs may participated in modulating the auxin signal and N in bottom leaves and NtRAP2.12 as key gene involved in N regulation by ethylene pathway. What's more, our data prove C/N transformation and balance affect the "source - flow - sink" redistribution and remobilization in tobacco during growth and development process. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this comparative transcriptomics study provides novel insight into the complex molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to different levels of nitrogen application and the number of leaves remaining after topping in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lei
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Wei Chang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huina Zhao
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Shizhou Yu
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Kai Cai
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Kun Lu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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9
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Defective cytokinin signaling reprograms lipid and flavonoid gene-to-metabolite networks to mitigate high salinity in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105021118. [PMID: 34815339 PMCID: PMC8640937 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105021118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinin (CK) in plants regulates both developmental processes and adaptation to environmental stresses. Arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer ahp2,3,5 and type-B Arabidopsis response regulator arr1,10,12 triple mutants are almost completely defective in CK signaling, and the ahp2,3,5 mutant was reported to be salt tolerant. Here, we demonstrate that the arr1,10,12 mutant is also more tolerant to salt stress than wild-type (WT) plants. A comprehensive metabolite profiling coupled with transcriptome analysis of the ahp2,3,5 and arr1,10,12 mutants was conducted to elucidate the salt tolerance mechanisms mediated by CK signaling. Numerous primary (e.g., sugars, amino acids, and lipids) and secondary (e.g., flavonoids and sterols) metabolites accumulated in these mutants under nonsaline and saline conditions, suggesting that both prestress and poststress accumulations of stress-related metabolites contribute to improved salt tolerance in CK-signaling mutants. Specifically, the levels of sugars (e.g., trehalose and galactinol), amino acids (e.g., branched-chain amino acids and γ-aminobutyric acid), anthocyanins, sterols, and unsaturated triacylglycerols were higher in the mutant plants than in WT plants. Notably, the reprograming of flavonoid and lipid pools was highly coordinated and concomitant with the changes in transcriptional levels, indicating that these metabolic pathways are transcriptionally regulated by CK signaling. The discovery of the regulatory role of CK signaling on membrane lipid reprogramming provides a greater understanding of CK-mediated salt tolerance in plants. This knowledge will contribute to the development of salt-tolerant crops with the ability to withstand salinity as a key driver to ensure global food security in the era of climate crisis.
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Nascimento VL, Pereira AM, Pereira AS, Silva VF, Costa LC, Bastos CEA, Ribeiro DM, Caldana C, Sulpice R, Nunes-Nesi A, Zsögön A, Araújo WL. Physiological and metabolic bases of increased growth in the tomato ethylene-insensitive mutant Never ripe: extending ethylene signaling functions. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1377-1393. [PMID: 33074436 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tomato mutant Never ripe (Nr), a loss-of-function for the ethylene receptor SlETR3, shows enhanced growth, associated with increased carbon assimilation and a rewiring of the central metabolism. Compelling evidence has demonstrated the importance of ethylene during tomato fruit development, yet its role on leaf central metabolism and plant growth remains elusive. Here, we performed a detailed characterization of Never ripe (Nr) tomato, a loss-of-function mutant for the ethylene receptor SlETR3, known for its fruits which never ripe. However, besides fruits, the Nr gene is also constitutively expressed in vegetative tissues. Nr mutant showed a growth enhancement during both the vegetative and reproductive stage, without an earlier onset of leaf senescence, with Nr plants exhibiting a higher number of leaves and an increased dry weight of leaves, stems, roots, and fruits. At metabolic level, Nr also plays a significant role with the mutant showing changes in carbon assimilation, carbohydrates turnover, and an exquisite reprogramming of a large number of metabolite levels. Notably, the expression of genes related to ethylene signaling and biosynthesis are not altered in Nr. We assess our results in the context of those previously published for tomato fruits and of current models of ethylene signal transduction, and conclude that ethylene insensitivity mediated by Nr impacts the whole central metabolism at vegetative stage, leading to increased growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor L Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Auderlan M Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Aurelio S Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Victor F Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Carla E A Bastos
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Dimas M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Caldana
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Plant Systems Biology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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11
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Wang H, Kong F, Zhou C. From genes to networks: The genetic control of leaf development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1181-1196. [PMID: 33615731 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Substantial diversity exists for both the size and shape of the leaf, the main photosynthetic organ of flowering plants. The two major forms of leaf are simple leaves, in which the leaf blade is undivided, and compound leaves, which comprise several leaflets. Leaves form at the shoot apical meristem from a group of undifferentiated cells, which first establish polarity, then grow and differentiate. Each of these processes is controlled by a combination of transcriptional regulators, microRNAs and phytohormones. The present review documents recent advances in our understanding of how these various factors modulate the development of both simple leaves (focusing mainly on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana) and compound leaves (focusing mainly on the model legume species Medicago truncatula).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266101, China
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12
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Yang J, Zhou W, Dai S. Exploring the diversity of plant proteome. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1197-1210. [PMID: 33650765 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous functional, spatial, and temporal diversity of the plant proteome is regulated by multiple factors that continuously modify protein abundance, modifications, interactions, localization, and activity to meet the dynamic needs of plants. Dissecting the proteome complexity and its underlying genetic variation is attracting increasing research attention. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has become a powerful approach in the global study of protein functions and their relationships on a systems level. Here, we review recent breakthroughs and strategies adopted to unravel the diversity of the proteome, with a specific focus on the methods used to analyze posttranslational modifications (PTMs), protein localization, and the organization of proteins into functional modules. We also consider PTM crosstalk and multiple PTMs temporally regulating the life cycle of proteins. Finally, we discuss recent quantitative studies using MS to measure protein turnover rates and examine future directions in the study of the plant proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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13
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Urban MO, Planchon S, Hoštičková I, Vanková R, Dobrev P, Renaut J, Klíma M, Vítámvás P. The Resistance of Oilseed Rape Microspore-Derived Embryos to Osmotic Stress Is Associated With the Accumulation of Energy Metabolism Proteins, Redox Homeostasis, Higher Abscisic Acid, and Cytokinin Contents. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:628167. [PMID: 34177973 PMCID: PMC8231708 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.628167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the response of rapeseed microspore-derived embryos (MDE) to osmotic stress at the proteome level. The PEG-induced osmotic stress was studied in the cotyledonary stage of MDE of two genotypes: Cadeli (D) and Viking (V), previously reported to exhibit contrasting leaf proteome responses under drought. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) revealed 156 representative protein spots that have been selected for MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis. Sixty-three proteins have been successfully identified and divided into eight functional groups. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD024552. Eight selected protein accumulation trends were compared with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Biomass accumulation in treated D was significantly higher (3-fold) than in V, which indicates D is resistant to osmotic stress. Cultivar D displayed resistance strategy by the accumulation of proteins in energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, protein destination, and signaling functional groups, high ABA, and active cytokinins (CKs) contents. In contrast, the V protein profile displayed high requirements of energy and nutrients with a significant number of stress-related proteins and cell structure changes accompanied by quick downregulation of active CKs, as well as salicylic and jasmonic acids. Genes that were suitable for gene-targeting showed significantly higher expression in treated samples and were identified as phospholipase D alpha, peroxiredoxin antioxidant, and lactoylglutathione lyase. The MDE proteome profile has been compared with the leaf proteome evaluated in our previous study. Different mechanisms to cope with osmotic stress were revealed between the genotypes studied. This proteomic study is the first step to validate MDE as a suitable model for follow-up research on the characterization of new crossings and can be used for preselection of resistant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan O. Urban
- Crop Research Institute, Plant Stress Biology and Biotechnology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sébastien Planchon
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, “Environmental Research and Innovation,” (ERIN) Department, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Irena Hoštičková
- Department of Plant Production and Agroecology, University of South Bohemia in Ceské Budějovice, Ceské Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Radomira Vanková
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peter Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, “Environmental Research and Innovation,” (ERIN) Department, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Miroslav Klíma
- Crop Research Institute, Plant Stress Biology and Biotechnology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Vítámvás
- Crop Research Institute, Plant Stress Biology and Biotechnology, Prague, Czechia
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14
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Saiz-Fernández I, Černý M, Skalák J, Brzobohatý B. Split-root systems: detailed methodology, alternative applications, and implications at leaf proteome level. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:7. [PMID: 33422104 PMCID: PMC7797125 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Split-root systems (SRS) have many applications in plant sciences, but their implementation, depending on the experimental design, can be difficult and time-consuming. Additionally, the system is not exempt from limitations, since the time required for the establishment of the SRS imposes a limit to how early in plant development experiments can be performed. Here, we optimized and explained in detail a method for establishing a SRS in young Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, both in vitro and in soil. RESULTS We found that the partial de-rooting minimized the recovery time compared to total de-rooting, thus allowing the establishment of the split-root system in younger plants. Analysis of changes in the Arabidopsis leaf proteome following the de-rooting procedure highlighted the distinct metabolic alterations that totally and partially de-rooted plants undergo during the healing process. This system was also validated for its use in drought experiments, as it offers a way to apply water-soluble compounds to plants subjected to drought stress. By growing plants in a split-root system with both halves being water-deprived, it is possible to apply the required compound to one half of the root system, which can be cut from the main plant once the compound has been absorbed, thus minimizing rehydration and maintaining drought conditions. CONCLUSIONS Partial de-rooting is the suggested method for obtaining split-root systems in small plants like Arabidopsis thaliana, as growth parameters, survival rate, and proteomic analysis suggest that is a less stressful procedure than total de-rooting, leading to a final rosette area much closer to that of uncut plants. Additionally, we provide evidence that split root-systems can be used in drought experiments where water-soluble compounds are applied with minimal effects of rehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skalák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Functional Genomics & Proteomics of Plants, CEITEC MU, Central European Institute of Technology, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic
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Castander-Olarieta A, Pereira C, Montalbán IA, Mendes VM, Correia S, Suárez-Álvarez S, Manadas B, Canhoto J, Moncaleán P. Proteome-Wide Analysis of Heat-Stress in Pinus radiata Somatic Embryos Reveals a Combined Response of Sugar Metabolism and Translational Regulation Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:631239. [PMID: 33912202 PMCID: PMC8072280 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.631239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is the process by which bipolar structures with no vascular connection with the surrounding tissue are formed from a single or a group of vegetative cells, and in conifers it can be divided into five different steps: initiation, proliferation, maturation, germination and acclimatization. Somatic embryogenesis has long been used as a model to study the mechanisms regulating stress response in plants, and recent research carried out in our laboratory has demonstrated that high temperatures during initial stages of conifer somatic embryogenesis modify subsequent phases of the process, as well as the behavior of the resulting plants ex vitro. The development of high-throughput techniques has facilitated the study of the molecular response of plants to numerous stress factors. Proteomics offers a reliable image of the cell status and is known to be extremely susceptible to environmental changes. In this study, the proteome of radiata pine somatic embryos was analyzed by LC-MS after the application of high temperatures during initiation of embryonal masses [(23°C, control; 40°C (4 h); 60°C (5 min)]. At the same time, the content of specific soluble sugars and sugar alcohols was analyzed by HPLC. Results confirmed a significant decrease in the initiation rate of embryonal masses under 40°C treatments (from 44 to 30.5%) and an increasing tendency in the production of somatic embryos (from 121.87 to 170.83 somatic embryos per gram of embryogenic tissue). Besides, heat provoked a long-term readjustment of the protein synthesis machinery: a great number of structural constituents of ribosomes were increased under high temperatures, together with the down-regulation of the enzyme methionine-tRNA ligase. Heat led to higher contents of heat shock proteins and chaperones, transmembrane transport proteins, proteins related with post-transcriptional regulation (ARGONAUTE 1D) and enzymes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, specific compatible sugars (myo-inositol) and cell-wall carbohydrates. On the other hand, the protein adenosylhomocysteinase and enzymes linked with the glycolytic pathway, nitrogen assimilation and oxidative stress response were found at lower levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cátia Pereira
- Department of Forestry Science, NEIKER, Arkaute, Spain
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Vera M. Mendes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Correia
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Canhoto
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paloma Moncaleán
- Department of Forestry Science, NEIKER, Arkaute, Spain
- *Correspondence: Paloma Moncaleán,
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16
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Castander-Olarieta A, Pereira C, Sales E, Meijón M, Arrillaga I, Cañal MJ, Goicoa T, Ugarte MD, Moncaleán P, Montalbán IA. Induction of Radiata Pine Somatic Embryogenesis at High Temperatures Provokes a Long-Term Decrease in DNA Methylation/Hydroxymethylation and Differential Expression of Stress-Related Genes. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121762. [PMID: 33322106 PMCID: PMC7762990 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Based on the hypothesis that embryo development is a crucial stage for the formation of stable epigenetic marks that could modulate the behaviour of the resulting plants, in this study, radiata pine somatic embryogenesis was induced at high temperatures (23 °C, eight weeks, control; 40 °C, 4 h; 60 °C, 5 min) and the global methylation and hydroxymethylation levels of emerging embryonal masses and somatic plants were analysed using LC-ESI-MS/ MS-MRM. In this context, the expression pattern of six genes previously described as stress-mediators was studied throughout the embryogenic process until plant level to assess whether the observed epigenetic changes could have provoked a sustained alteration of the transcriptome. Results indicated that the highest temperatures led to hypomethylation of both embryonal masses and somatic plants. Moreover, we detected for the first time in a pine species the presence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, and revealed its tissue specificity and potential involvement in heat-stress responses. Additionally, a heat shock protein-coding gene showed a down-regulation tendency along the process, with a special emphasis given to embryonal masses at first subculture and ex vitro somatic plants. Likewise, the transcripts of several proteins related with translation, oxidative stress response, and drought resilience were differentially expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cátia Pereira
- Department of Forestry Science, NEIKER, 01192 Arkaute, Spain; (A.C.-O.); (C.P.)
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ester Sales
- Departament of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Zaragoza, Escuela Politécnica Superior, 22071 Huesca, Spain;
| | - Mónica Meijón
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology (IUBA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Isabel Arrillaga
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto BiotecMed, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - María Jesús Cañal
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology (IUBA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Tomás Goicoa
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Mathematics, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (T.G.); (M.D.U.)
- INAMAT2 (Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics), Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Dolores Ugarte
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Mathematics, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (T.G.); (M.D.U.)
- INAMAT2 (Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics), Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paloma Moncaleán
- Department of Forestry Science, NEIKER, 01192 Arkaute, Spain; (A.C.-O.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (I.A.M.)
| | - Itziar A. Montalbán
- Department of Forestry Science, NEIKER, 01192 Arkaute, Spain; (A.C.-O.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (I.A.M.)
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17
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Berková V, Kameniarová M, Ondrisková V, Berka M, Menšíková S, Kopecká R, Luklová M, Novák J, Spíchal L, Rashotte AM, Brzobohatý B, Černý M. Arabidopsis Response to Inhibitor of Cytokinin Degradation INCYDE: Modulations of Cytokinin Signaling and Plant Proteome. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1563. [PMID: 33202776 PMCID: PMC7698199 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinins are multifaceted plant hormones that play crucial roles in plant interactions with the environment. Modulations in cytokinin metabolism and signaling have been successfully used for elevating plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stressors. Here, we analyzed Arabidopsis thaliana response to INhibitor of CYtokinin DEgradation (INCYDE), a potent inhibitor of cytokinin dehydrogenase. We found that at low nanomolar concentration, the effect of INCYCE on seedling growth and development was not significantly different from that of trans-Zeatin treatment. However, an alteration in the spatial distribution of cytokinin signaling was found at low micromolar concentrations, and proteomics analysis revealed a significant impact on the molecular level. An in-depth proteome analysis of an early (24 h) response and a dose-dependent response after 168 h highlighted the effects on primary and secondary metabolism, including alterations in ribosomal subunits, RNA metabolism, modulations of proteins associated with chromatin, and the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. The observed attenuation in stress-response mechanisms, including abscisic acid signaling and the metabolism of jasmonates, could explain previously reported positive effects of INCYDE under mild stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Berková
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.K.); (V.O.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (R.K.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Michaela Kameniarová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.K.); (V.O.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (R.K.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Vladěna Ondrisková
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.K.); (V.O.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (R.K.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Miroslav Berka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.K.); (V.O.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (R.K.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Simona Menšíková
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.K.); (V.O.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (R.K.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Romana Kopecká
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.K.); (V.O.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (R.K.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Markéta Luklová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.K.); (V.O.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (R.K.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.K.); (V.O.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (R.K.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 77200 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Aaron M. Rashotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 811, USA;
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.K.); (V.O.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (R.K.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (B.B.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.K.); (V.O.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (R.K.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (B.B.)
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18
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Szepesi Á. Halotropism: Phytohormonal Aspects and Potential Applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571025. [PMID: 33042187 PMCID: PMC7527526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Halotropism is a sodium specific tropic movement of roots in order to obtain the optimal salt concentration for proper growth and development. Numerous results suggest that halotropic events are under the control and regulation of complex plant hormone pathway. This minireview collects some recent evidences about sodium sensing during halotropism and the hormonal regulation of halotropic responses in glycophytes. The precise hormonal mechanisms by which halophytes plant roots perceive salt stress and translate this perception into adaptive, directional growth forward increased salt concentrations are not well understood. This minireview aims to gather recently deciphered information about halotropism focusing potential hormonal aspects both in glycophytes and halophytes. Advances in our understanding of halotropic responses in different plant species could help these plants to be used for sustainable agriculture and other future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Szepesi
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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19
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Jabłoński B, Ogonowska H, Szala K, Bajguz A, Orczyk W, Nadolska-Orczyk A. Silencing of TaCKX1 Mediates Expression of Other TaCKX Genes to Increase Yield Parameters in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134809. [PMID: 32645965 PMCID: PMC7369774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TaCKX, Triticum aestivum (cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase) family genes influence the development of wheat plants by the specific regulation of cytokinin content in different organs. However, their detailed role is not known. The TaCKX1, highly and specifically expressed in developing spikes and in seedling roots, was silenced by RNAi-mediated gene silencing via Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the effect of silencing was investigated in 7 DAP (days after pollination) spikes of T1 and T2 generations. Various levels of TaCKX1 silencing in both generations influence different models of co-expression with other TaCKX genes and parameters of yield-related traits. Only a high level of silencing in T2 resulted in strong down-regulation of TaCKX11 (3), up-regulation of TaCKX2.1, 2.2, 5, and 9 (10), and a high yielding phenotype. This phenotype is characterized by a higher spike number, grain number, and grain yield, but lower thousand grain weight (TGW). The content of most of cytokinin forms in 7 DAP spikes of silenced T2 lines increased from 23% to 76% compared to the non-silenced control. The CKs cross talk with other phytohormones. Each of the tested yield-related traits is regulated by various up- or down-regulated TaCKX genes and phytohormones. The coordinated effect of TaCKX1 silencing on the expression of other TaCKX genes, phytohormone levels in 7 DAP spikes, and yield-related traits in silenced T2 lines is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Jabłoński
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (B.J.); (H.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Hanna Ogonowska
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (B.J.); (H.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Karolina Szala
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (B.J.); (H.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Wacław Orczyk
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland;
| | - Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (B.J.); (H.O.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Karunadasa SS, Kurepa J, Shull TE, Smalle JA. Cytokinin-induced protein synthesis suppresses growth and osmotic stress tolerance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:50-64. [PMID: 32129886 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins control critical aspects of plant development and environmental responses. Perception of cytokinin ultimately leads to the activation of proteins belonging to the type-B Response Regulator family of cytokinin response activators. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ARR1 is one of the most abundantly expressed type-B Response Regulators. We investigated the link between cytokinin signaling, protein synthesis, plant growth and osmotic stress tolerance. We show that the increased cytokinin signaling in ARR1 gain-of-function transgenic lines is associated with increased rates of protein synthesis, which lead to growth inhibition and hypersensitivity to osmotic stress. Cytokinin-induced growth inhibition and osmotic stress hypersensitivity were rescued by treatments with ABA, a hormone known to inhibit protein synthesis. We also demonstrate that cytokinin-induced protein synthesis requires isoforms of the ribosomal protein L4 encoded by the cytokinin-inducible genes RPL4A and RPL4D, and that RPL4 loss-of-function increases osmotic stress tolerance and decreases sensitivity to cytokinin-induced growth inhibition. These findings reveal that an increase in protein synthesis negatively impacts growth and osmotic stress tolerance and explain some of the adverse effects of elevated cytokinin action on plant development and stress physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumudu S Karunadasa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Jasmina Kurepa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Timothy E Shull
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Jan A Smalle
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
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Hallmark HT, Černý M, Brzobohatý B, Rashotte AM. trans-Zeatin-N-glucosides have biological activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232762. [PMID: 32379789 PMCID: PMC7205299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinin is an indispensable phytohormone responsible for physiological processes ranging from root development to leaf senescence. The term "cytokinin" refers to several dozen adenine-derived compounds occurring naturally in plants. Cytokinins (CKs) can be divided into various classes and forms; base forms are generally considered to be active while highly abundant cytokinin-N-glucosides (CKNGs), composed of a CK base irreversibly conjugated to a glucose molecule, are considered inactive. However, results from early CK studies suggest CKNGs do not always lack activity despite the perpetuation over several decades in the literature that they are inactive. Here we show that exogenous application of trans-Zeatin-N-glucosides (tZNGs, a specific class of CKNGs) to Arabidopsis results in CK response comparable to the application of an active CK base. These results are most apparent in senescence assays where both a CK base (tZ) and tZNGs (tZ7G, tZ9G) delay senescence in cotyledons. Further experiments involving root growth and shoot regeneration revealed tZNGs do not always have the same effects as tZ, and have largely distinct effects on the transcriptome and proteome. These data are in contrast to previous reports of CKNGs being inactive and raise questions about the function of these compounds as well as their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Tucker Hallmark
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aaron M. Rashotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Prerostova S, Černý M, Dobrev PI, Motyka V, Hluskova L, Zupkova B, Gaudinova A, Knirsch V, Janda T, Brzobohatý B, Vankova R. Light Regulates the Cytokinin-Dependent Cold Stress Responses in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:608711. [PMID: 33613584 PMCID: PMC7889523 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.608711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the effect of light intensity on the cold response (5°C; 7 days) in Arabidopsis thaliana, we compared the following parameters under standard light (150 μmol m-2 s-1), low light (20 μmol m-2 s-1), and dark conditions: membrane damage, photosynthetic parameters, cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) activity, phytohormone levels, and transcription of selected stress- and hormone-related genes and proteome. The impact of cytokinins (CKs), hormones directly interacting with the light signaling pathway, on cold responses was evaluated using transformants overexpressing CK biosynthetic gene isopentenyl transferase (DEX:IPT) or CK degradation gene HvCKX2 (DEX:CKX) under a dexamethasone-inducible promoter. In wild-type plants, cold treatment under light conditions caused down-regulation of CKs (in shoots) and auxin, while abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonates, and salicylic acid (SA) were up-regulated, especially under low light. Cold treatment in the dark strongly suppressed all phytohormones, except ABA. DEX:IPT plants showed enhanced stress tolerance associated with elevated CK and SA levels in shoots and auxin in apices. Contrarily, DEX:CKX plants had weaker stress tolerance accompanied by lowered levels of CKs and auxins. Nevertheless, cold substantially diminished the impact from the inserted genes. Cold stress in dark minimized differences among the genotypes. Cold treatments in light strongly up-regulated stress marker genes RD29A, especially in roots, and CBF1-3 in shoots. Under control conditions, their levels were higher in DEX:CKX plants, but after 7-day stress, DEX:IPT plants exhibited the highest transcription. Transcription of genes related to CK metabolism and signaling showed a tendency to re-establish, at least partially, CK homeostasis in both transformants. Up-regulation of strigolactone-related genes in apices and leaves indicated their role in suppressing shoot growth. The analysis of leaf proteome revealed over 20,000 peptides, representing 3,800 proteins and 2,212 protein families (data available via ProteomeXchange, identifier PXD020480). Cold stress induced proteins involved in ABA and jasmonate metabolism, antioxidant enzymes, and enzymes of flavonoid and glucosinolate biosynthesis. DEX:IPT plants up-regulated phospholipase D and MAP-kinase 4. Cold stress response at the proteome level was similar in all genotypes under optimal light intensity, differing significantly under low light. The data characterized the decisive effect of light-CK cross-talk in the regulation of cold stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylva Prerostova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petre I. Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vaclav Motyka
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucia Hluskova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbara Zupkova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alena Gaudinova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Knirsch
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvasar, Hungary
| | - Bretislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- CEITEC MENDELU: Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Radomira Vankova,
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23
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Mathew I, Shimelis H, Shayanowako AIT, Laing M, Chaplot V. Genome-wide association study of drought tolerance and biomass allocation in wheat. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225383. [PMID: 31800595 PMCID: PMC6892492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) are important in discerning the genetic architecture of complex traits such as biomass allocation for improving drought tolerance and carbon sequestration potential of wheat. The objectives of this study were to deduce the population structure and marker-trait association for biomass traits in wheat under drought-stressed and non-stressed conditions. A 100-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype panel was phenotyped for days to heading (DTH), days to maturity (DTM), shoot biomass (SB), root biomass (RB), root to shoot ratio (RS) and grain yield (GY). The panel was sequenced using 15,600 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers and subjected to genetic analysis using the compressed mixed linear model (CMLM) at false discovery rate (FDR < 0.05). Population structure analysis revealed six sub-clusters with high membership ancestry coefficient of ≤0.65 to their assigned sub-clusters. A total of 75 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified with a linkage disequilibrium threshold of 0.38 at 5cM. Thirty-seven of the MTAs were detected under drought-stressed condition and 48% were on the B genome, where most quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for RB, SB and GY were previously identified. There were seven pleiotropic markers for RB and SB that may facilitate simultaneous selection. Thirty-seven putative candidate genes were mined by gene annotation on the IWGSC RefSeq 1.1. The significant MTAs observed in this study will be useful in devising strategies for marker-assisted breeding for simultaneous improvement of drought tolerance and to enhance C sequestration capacity of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isack Mathew
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Hussein Shimelis
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Admire Isaac Tichafa Shayanowako
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Mark Laing
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Vincent Chaplot
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC, IRD, CNRS, MNHN, Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et approches numériques (LOCEAN), IPSL, Paris, France
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24
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Eggplant Germination is Promoted by Hydrogen Peroxide and Temperature in an Independent but Overlapping Manner. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234270. [PMID: 31771170 PMCID: PMC6930571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide promotes seed germination, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are unclear. This study presents the results of eggplant (Solanum melongena) germination analyses conducted at two different temperatures and follows the effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on seed germination and the seed proteome. Hydrogen peroxide was found to promote eggplant germination in a way not dissimilar to that of increased temperature stimuli. LC–MS profiling detected 729 protein families, 77 of which responded to a temperature increase or hydrogen peroxide treatment. These differentially abundant proteins were found to be involved in a number of processes, including protein and amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and the glyoxylate cycle. There was a very low overlap between hydrogen peroxide and temperature-responsive proteins, highlighting the differences behind the seemingly similar outcomes. Furthermore, the observed changes from the seed proteome indicate that hydrogen peroxide treatment diminished the seed endogenous hydrogen peroxide pool and that a part of manifested positive hydrogen peroxide effect might be related to altered sensitivity to abscisic acid.
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Wang WC, Lin TC, Kieber J, Tsai YC. Response Regulators 9 and 10 Negatively Regulate Salinity Tolerance in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2549-2563. [PMID: 31359043 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins are involved in the regulation of many plant growth and development processes, and function in response to abiotic stress. Cytokinin signaling is similar to the prokaryotic two-component signaling systems and includes the transcriptional upregulation of type-A response regulators (RRs), which in turn act to inhibit cytokinin signal response via negative feedback. Cytokinin signaling consists of several gene families and only a handful full of genes is studied. In this study, we demonstrated the function of two highly identical type-A RR genes from rice, OsRR9 and OsRR10, which are induced by cytokinin and only OsRR10 repressed by salinity stress in rice. Loss-of-function mutations give rise to mutant genes, osrr9/osrr10, which have higher salinity tolerance than wild type rice seedlings. The transcriptomic analysis uncovered several ion transporter genes, which were upregulated in response to salt stress in the osrr9/osrr10 mutants relative to the wild type seedlings. These include high-affinity potassium transporters, such as OsHKT1;1, OsHKT1;3 and OsHKT2;1, which play an important role in sodium and potassium homeostasis. In addition, disruption of the genes OsRR9 and OsRR10 also affects the expression of multiple genes related to photosynthesis, transcription and phytohormone signaling. Taken together, these results suggest that the genes OsRR9 and OsRR10 function as negative regulators in response to salinity in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Wang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Che Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joseph Kieber
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yu-Chang Tsai
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Skalák J, Vercruyssen L, Claeys H, Hradilová J, Černý M, Novák O, Plačková L, Saiz-Fernández I, Skaláková P, Coppens F, Dhondt S, Koukalová Š, Zouhar J, Inzé D, Brzobohatý B. Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:805-824. [PMID: 30748050 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin has been shown to affect many aspects of plant development ranging from the regulation of the shoot apical meristem to leaf senescence. However, some studies have reported contradictory effects of cytokinin on leaf physiology. Therefore cytokinin treatments cause both chlorosis and increased greening and both lead to decrease or increase in cell size. To elucidate this multifaceted role of cytokinin in leaf development, we have employed a system of temporal controls over the cytokinin pool and investigated the consequences of modulated cytokinin levels in the third leaf of Arabidopsis. We show that, at the cell proliferation phase, cytokinin is needed to maintain cell proliferation by blocking the transition to cell expansion and the onset of photosynthesis. Transcriptome profiling revealed regulation by cytokinin of a gene suite previously shown to affect cell proliferation and expansion and thereby a molecular mechanism by which cytokinin modulates a molecular network underlying the cellular responses. During the cell expansion phase, cytokinin stimulates cell expansion and differentiation. Consequently, a cytokinin excess at the cell expansion phase results in an increased leaf and rosette size fueled by higher cell expansion rate, yielding higher shoot biomass. Proteome profiling revealed the stimulation of primary metabolism by cytokinin, in line with an increased sugar content that is expected to increase turgor pressure, representing the driving force of cell expansion. Therefore, the developmental timing of cytokinin content fluctuations, together with a tight control of primary metabolism, is a key factor mediating transitions from cell proliferation to cell expansion in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skalák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Liesbeth Vercruyssen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannes Claeys
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Hradilová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patricie Skaláková
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Šárka Koukalová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Zouhar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, CZ-61265, Brno, Czech Republic
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Hloušková P, Černý M, Kořínková N, Luklová M, Minguet EG, Brzobohatý B, Galuszka P, Bergougnoux V. Affinity chromatography revealed 14-3-3 interactome of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) during blue light-induced de-etiolation. J Proteomics 2018; 193:44-61. [PMID: 30583044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
De-etiolation is the first developmental process under light control allowing the heterotrophic seedling to become autotrophic. The phytohormones cytokinins (CKs) largely contribute to this process. Reversible phosphorylation is a key event of cell signaling, allowing proteins to become active or generating a binding site for specific protein interaction. 14-3-3 proteins regulate a variety of plant responses. The expression, hormonal regulation, and proteomic network under the control of 14-3-3s were addressed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) during blue light-induced photomorphogenesis. Two isoforms were specifically investigated due to their high expression during tomato de-etiolation. The multidisciplinary approach demonstrated that TFT9 expression, but not TFT6, was regulated by CKs and identified cis-regulating elements required for this response. Our study revealed >130 potential TFT6/9 interactors. Their functional annotation predicted that TFTs might regulate the activity of proteins involved notably in cell wall strengthening or primary metabolism. Several potential interactors were also predicted to be CK-responsive. For the first time, the 14-3-3 interactome linked to de-etiolation was investigated and evidenced that 14-3-3s might be involved in CK signaling pathway, cell expansion inhibition and steady-state growth rate establishment, and reprograming from heterotrophy to autotrophy. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetables consumed all around the world and represents probably the most preferred garden crop. Regulation of hypocotyl growth by light plays an important role in the early development of a seedling, and consequently the homogeneity of the culture. The present study focuses on the importance of tomato 14-3-3/TFT proteins in this process. We provide here the first report of 14-3-3 interactome in the regulation of light-induced de-etiolation and subsequent photomorphogenesis. Our data provide new insights into light-induced de-etiolation and open new horizons for dissecting the post-transcriptional regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hloušková
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Martin Černý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Nikola Kořínková
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Markéta Luklová
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Eugenio Gómez Minguet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Galuszka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Véronique Bergougnoux
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czechia.
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28
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Černý M, Habánová H, Berka M, Luklová M, Brzobohatý B. Hydrogen Peroxide: Its Role in Plant Biology and Crosstalk with Signalling Networks. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2812. [PMID: 30231521 PMCID: PMC6163176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is steadily gaining more attention in the field of molecular biology research. It is a major REDOX (reduction⁻oxidation reaction) metabolite and at high concentrations induces oxidative damage to biomolecules, which can culminate in cell death. However, at concentrations in the low nanomolar range, H₂O₂ acts as a signalling molecule and in many aspects, resembles phytohormones. Though its signalling network in plants is much less well characterized than are those of its counterparts in yeast or mammals, accumulating evidence indicates that the role of H₂O₂-mediated signalling in plant cells is possibly even more indispensable. In this review, we summarize hydrogen peroxide metabolism in plants, the sources and sinks of this compound and its transport via peroxiporins. We outline H₂O₂ perception, its direct and indirect effects and known targets in the transcriptional machinery. We focus on the role of H₂O₂ in plant growth and development and discuss the crosstalk between it and phytohormones. In addition to a literature review, we performed a meta-analysis of available transcriptomics data which provided further evidence for crosstalk between H₂O₂ and light, nutrient signalling, temperature stress, drought stress and hormonal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Habánová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Brno Ph.D. Talent, South Moravian Centre for International Mobility, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Berka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Luklová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Biophysics AS CR, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Pavlů J, Novák J, Koukalová V, Luklová M, Brzobohatý B, Černý M. Cytokinin at the Crossroads of Abiotic Stress Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082450. [PMID: 30126242 PMCID: PMC6121657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinin is a multifaceted plant hormone that plays major roles not only in diverse plant growth and development processes, but also stress responses. We summarize knowledge of the roles of its metabolism, transport, and signalling in responses to changes in levels of both macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur) and micronutrients (boron, iron, silicon, selenium). We comment on cytokinin's effects on plants' xenobiotic resistance, and its interactions with light, temperature, drought, and salinity signals. Further, we have compiled a list of abiotic stress-related genes and demonstrate that their expression patterns overlap with those of cytokinin metabolism and signalling genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pavlů
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladěna Koukalová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Luklová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Biophysics AS CR, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Prerostova S, Dobrev PI, Gaudinova A, Knirsch V, Körber N, Pieruschka R, Fiorani F, Brzobohatý B, černý M, Spichal L, Humplik J, Vanek T, Schurr U, Vankova R. Cytokinins: Their Impact on Molecular and Growth Responses to Drought Stress and Recovery in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:655. [PMID: 29872444 PMCID: PMC5972670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Our phenotyping and hormonal study has characterized the role of cytokinins (CK) in the drought and recovery responses of Arabidopsis thaliana. CK down-regulation was achieved by overexpression of the gene for CK deactivating enzyme cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX): constitutive (35S:CKX) or at the stress onset using a dexamethasone-inducible pOp/LhGR promoter (DEX:CKX). The 35S:CKX plants exhibited slow ontogenesis and higher expression levels of stress-associated genes, e.g., AtP5CS1, already at well-watered conditions. CK down-regulation resulted during drought in higher stress tolerance (indicated by relatively low up-regulation of the expression of drought stress marker gene AtRD29B) accompanied with lower leaf water loss. Nevertheless, these plants exhibited slow and delayed recovery after re-watering. CK levels were increased at the stress onset by stimulation of the expression of CK biosynthetic gene isopentenyl transferase (ipt) (DEX:IPT) or by application of exogenous CK meta-topolin. After water withdrawal, long-term CK elevation resulted in higher water loss in comparison with CKX transformants as well as with plants overexpressing ipt driven by senescence-inducible SAG12 promoter (SAG:IPT), which gradually enhanced CKs during the stress progression. In all cases, CK up-regulation resulted in fast and more vigorous recovery. All drought-stressed plants exhibited growth suppression associated with elevation of abscisic acid and decrease of auxins and active CKs (with the exception of SAG:IPT plants). Apart from the ipt overexpressers, also increase of jasmonic and salicylic acid was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylva Prerostova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petre I. Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alena Gaudinova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Knirsch
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Niklas Körber
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio-and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Roland Pieruschka
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio-and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabio Fiorani
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio-and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS and CR — Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin černý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS and CR — Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lukas Spichal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Humplik
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science of Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tomas Vanek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ulrich Schurr
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio-and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Bielach A, Hrtyan M, Tognetti VB. Plants under Stress: Involvement of Auxin and Cytokinin. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1427. [PMID: 28677656 PMCID: PMC5535918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development are critically influenced by unpredictable abiotic factors. To survive fluctuating changes in their environments, plants have had to develop robust adaptive mechanisms. The dynamic and complementary actions of the auxin and cytokinin pathways regulate a plethora of developmental processes, and their ability to crosstalk makes them ideal candidates for mediating stress-adaptation responses. Other crucial signaling molecules responsible for the tremendous plasticity observed in plant morphology and in response to abiotic stress are reactive oxygen species (ROS). Proper temporal and spatial distribution of ROS and hormone gradients is crucial for plant survival in response to unfavorable environments. In this regard, the convergence of ROS with phytohormone pathways acts as an integrator of external and developmental signals into systemic responses organized to adapt plants to their environments. Auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways have been studied extensively. Nevertheless, we do not yet understand the impact on plant stress tolerance of the sophisticated crosstalk between the two hormones. Here, we review current knowledge on the function of auxin and cytokinin in redirecting growth induced by abiotic stress in order to deduce their potential points of crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bielach
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Hrtyan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vanesa B Tognetti
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Escandón M, Valledor L, Pascual J, Pinto G, Cañal MJ, Meijón M. System-wide analysis of short-term response to high temperature in Pinus radiata. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3629-3641. [PMID: 28645179 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pinus radiata seedlings, the most widely planted pine species in the world, were exposed to temperatures within a range mimicking future scenarios based on current models of heat increase. The short-term heat response in P. radiata was studied in detail by exploring the metabolome, proteome and targeted transcriptome. The use of complementary mass spectrometry techniques, GC-MS and LC-Orbitrap-MS, together with novel bioinformatics tools allowed the reliable quantification of 2,075 metabolites and 901 protein groups. Integrative analyses of different functional levels and plant physiological status revealed a complex molecular interaction network of positive and negative correlations between proteins and metabolites involved in short-term heat response, including three main physiological functions as: 1) A hormone subnetwork, where fatty acids, flavonoids and hormones presented a key role; 2) An oxidoreductase subnetwork, including several dehydrogenase and peroxidase proteins; and 3) A heat shock protein subnetwork, with numerous proteins that contain a HSP20 domain, all of which were overexpressed at the transcriptional level. Integrated analysis pinpointed the basic mechanisms underlying the short-term physiological reaction of P. radiata during heat response. This approach was feasible in forest species and unmasked two novel candidate biomarkers of heat resistance, PHO1 and TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR APFI, and a MITOCHONDRIAL SMALL HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN, for use in future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Escandón
- Plant Physiology, Department B.O.S., Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology, Department B.O.S., Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jesús Pascual
- Plant Physiology, Department B.O.S., Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Gloria Pinto
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - María Jesús Cañal
- Plant Physiology, Department B.O.S., Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mónica Meijón
- Plant Physiology, Department B.O.S., Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Cerna H, Černý M, Habánová H, Šafářová D, Abushamsiya K, Navrátil M, Brzobohatý B. Proteomics offers insight to the mechanism behind Pisum sativum L. response to pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV). J Proteomics 2017; 153:78-88. [PMID: 27235724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) significantly reduces yields in a broad spectra of legumes. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor has been shown to confer resistance to this pathogen, thus implying that translation and proteome dynamics play a role in resistance. This study presents the results of a proteome-wide analysis of Pisum sativum L. response to PSbMV infection. LC-MS profiling of two contrasting pea cultivars, resistant (B99) and susceptible (Raman) to PSbMV infection, detected >2300 proteins, 116 of which responded to PSbMV ten and/or twenty days post-inoculation. These differentially abundant proteins are involved in number of processes that have previously been reported in the plant-pathogen response, including protein and amino acid metabolism, stress signaling, redox homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism. We complemented our proteome-wide analysis work with targeted analyses of free amino acids and selected small molecules, fatty acid profiling, and enzyme activity assays. Data from these additional experiments support our findings and validate the biological relevance of the observed proteome changes. We found surprising similarities in the resistant and susceptible cultivars, which implies that a seemingly unaffected plant, with no detectable levels of PSbMV, actively suppresses viral replication. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Plant resistance to PSbMV is connected to translation initiation factors, yet the processes involved are still poorly understood at the proteome level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey of the global proteomic response to PSbMV in plants. The combination of label-free LC-MS profiling and two contrasting cultivars (resistant and susceptible) provided highly sensitive snapshots of protein abundance in response to PSbMV infection. PSbMV is a member of the largest family of plant viruses and our results are in accordance with previously characterized potyvirus-responsive proteomes. Hence, the results of this study can further extend our knowledge about these pathogens. We also show that even though no viral replication is detected in the PSbMV-resistant cultivar B99, it is still significantly affected by PSbMV inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Cerna
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Černý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Habánová
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Šafářová
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc 27, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Kifah Abushamsiya
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Navrátil
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc 27, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Ghatak A, Chaturvedi P, Weckwerth W. Cereal Crop Proteomics: Systemic Analysis of Crop Drought Stress Responses Towards Marker-Assisted Selection Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:757. [PMID: 28626463 PMCID: PMC5454074 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable crop production is the major challenge in the current global climate change scenario. Drought stress is one of the most critical abiotic factors which negatively impact crop productivity. In recent years, knowledge about molecular regulation has been generated to understand drought stress responses. For example, information obtained by transcriptome analysis has enhanced our knowledge and facilitated the identification of candidate genes which can be utilized for plant breeding. On the other hand, it becomes more and more evident that the translational and post-translational machinery plays a major role in stress adaptation, especially for immediate molecular processes during stress adaptation. Therefore, it is essential to measure protein levels and post-translational protein modifications to reveal information about stress inducible signal perception and transduction, translational activity and induced protein levels. This information cannot be revealed by genomic or transcriptomic analysis. Eventually, these processes will provide more direct insight into stress perception then genetic markers and might build a complementary basis for future marker-assisted selection of drought resistance. In this review, we survey the role of proteomic studies to illustrate their applications in crop stress adaptation analysis with respect to productivity. Cereal crops such as wheat, rice, maize, barley, sorghum and pearl millet are discussed in detail. We provide a comprehensive and comparative overview of all detected protein changes involved in drought stress in these crops and have summarized existing knowledge into a proposed scheme of drought response. Based on a recent proteome study of pearl millet under drought stress we compare our findings with wheat proteomes and another recent study which defined genetic marker in pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Ghatak
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Palak Chaturvedi
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Wolfram Weckwerth
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Aremu AO, Plačková L, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Doležal K, Van Staden J. Auxin-cytokinin interaction and variations in their metabolic products in the regulation of organogenesis in two Eucomis species. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:883-890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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The RNA-binding protein repertoire of Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29766. [PMID: 27405932 PMCID: PMC4942612 DOI: 10.1038/srep29766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have essential roles in determining the fate of RNA from synthesis to decay and have been studied on a protein-by-protein basis, or computationally based on a number of well-characterised RNA-binding domains. Recently, high-throughput methods enabled the capture of mammalian RNA-binding proteomes. To gain insight into the role of Arabidopsis thaliana RBPs at the systems level, we have employed interactome capture techniques using cells from different ecotypes grown in cultures and leaves. In vivo UV-crosslinking of RNA to RBPs, oligo(dT) capture and mass spectrometry yielded 1,145 different proteins including 550 RBPs that either belong to the functional category 'RNA-binding', have known RNA-binding domains or have orthologs identified in mammals, C. elegans, or S. cerevisiae in addition to 595 novel candidate RBPs. We noted specific subsets of RBPs in cultured cells and leaves and a comparison of Arabidopsis, mammalian, C. elegans, and S. cerevisiae RBPs reveals a common set of proteins with a role in intermediate metabolism, as well as distinct differences suggesting that RBPs are also species and tissue specific. This study provides a foundation for studies that will advance our understanding of the biological significance of RBPs in plant developmental and stimulus specific responses.
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Global proteome analysis in plants by means of peptide libraries and applications. J Proteomics 2016; 143:3-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Schäfer M, Brütting C, Baldwin IT, Kallenbach M. High-throughput quantification of more than 100 primary- and secondary-metabolites, and phytohormones by a single solid-phase extraction based sample preparation with analysis by UHPLC-HESI-MS/MS. PLANT METHODS 2016; 12:30. [PMID: 27239220 PMCID: PMC4882772 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-016-0130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant metabolites are commonly functionally classified, as defense- or growth-related phytohormones, primary and specialized metabolites, and so forth. Analytical procedures for the quantifications of these metabolites are challenging because the metabolites can vary over several orders of magnitude in concentrations in the same tissues and have very different chemical characteristics. Plants clearly adjust their metabolism to respond to their prevailing circumstances in very sophisticated ways that blur the boundaries among these functional or chemically defined classifications. But if plant biologists want to better understand the processes that are important for a plant's adaptation to its environment, procedures are needed that can provide simultaneous quantifications of the large range of metabolites that have the potential to play central roles in these adjustments in a cost and time effective way and with a low sample consumption. RESULTS Here we present a method that combines well-established methods for the targeted analysis of phytohormones, including jasmonates, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, gibberellins, auxins and cytokinins, and extends it to the analysis of inducible and constitutive defense compounds, as well as the primary metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites and responsible for nutritional quality (e.g., sugars and amino acids). The method is based on a single extraction of 10-100 mg of tissue and allows a broad quantitative screening of metabolites optimized by their chemical characteristics and concentrations, thereby providing a high throughput analysis unbiased by the putative functional attributes of the metabolites. The tissues of Nicotiana attenuata which accumulate high levels of nicotine and diterpene glycosides, provide a challenging matrix that thwarts quantitative analysis; the analysis of various tissues of this plant are used to illustrate the robustness of the procedure. CONCLUSIONS The method described has the potential to unravel various, until now overlooked interactions among different sectors of plant metabolism in a high throughput manner. Additionally, the method could be particularly beneficial as screening method in forward genetic approaches, as well as for the investigation of plants from natural populations that likely differ in metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schäfer
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Brütting
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T. Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mario Kallenbach
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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39
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Skalák J, Černý M, Jedelský P, Dobrá J, Ge E, Novák J, Hronková M, Dobrev P, Vanková R, Brzobohatý B. Stimulation of ipt overexpression as a tool to elucidate the role of cytokinins in high temperature responses of Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2861-73. [PMID: 27049021 PMCID: PMC4861028 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are phytohormones regulating plant growth and development as well as response to the environment. In order to evaluate their function in heat stress (HS) responses, the effect of CK elevation was determined during three types of HS - targeted to shoots, targeted to roots and applied to the whole plant. The early (30min) and longer term (3h) responses were followed at the hormonal, transcriptomic and proteomic levels in Arabidopsis transformants with dexamethasone-inducible expression of the CK biosynthetic gene isopentenyltransferase (ipt) and the corresponding wild-type (Col-0). Combination of hormonal and phenotypic analyses showed transient up-regulation of the CK/abscisic acid ratio, which controls stomatal aperture, to be more pronounced in the transformant. HS responses of the root proteome and Rubisco-immunodepleted leaf proteome were followed using 2-D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF. More than 100 HS-responsive proteins were detected, most of them being modulated by CK increase. Proteome and transcriptome analyses demonstrated that CKs have longer term positive effects on the stress-related proteins and transcripts, as well as on the photosynthesis-related ones. Transient accumulation of CKs and stimulation of their signal transduction in tissue(s) not exposed to HS indicate that they are involved in plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skalák
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and Mendel University in Brno, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and Mendel University in Brno, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jedelský
- Laboratory of MS, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dobrá
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Ge
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and Mendel University in Brno, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Hronková
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre AS CR, Branišovská 31/1160, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Radomira Vanková
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and Mendel University in Brno, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Mostafa I, Zhu N, Yoo MJ, Balmant KM, Misra BB, Dufresne C, Abou-Hashem M, Chen S, El-Domiaty M. New nodes and edges in the glucosinolate molecular network revealed by proteomics and metabolomics of Arabidopsis myb28/29 and cyp79B2/B3 glucosinolate mutants. J Proteomics 2016; 138:1-19. [PMID: 26915584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glucosinolates present in Brassicales are important for human health and plant defense against insects and pathogens. Here we investigate the proteomes and metabolomes of Arabidopsis myb28/29 and cyp79B2/B3 mutants deficient in aliphatic glucosinolates and indolic glucosinolates, respectively. Quantitative proteomics of the myb28/29 and cyp79B2/B3 mutants led to the identification of 2785 proteins, of which 142 proteins showed significant changes in the two mutants compared to wild type (WT). By mapping the differential proteins using STRING, we detected 59 new edges in the glucosinolate metabolic network. These connections can be classified as primary with direct roles in glucosinolate metabolism, secondary related to plant stress responses, and tertiary involved in other biological processes. Gene Ontology analysis of the differential proteins showed high level of enrichment in the nodes belonging to metabolic process including glucosinolate biosynthesis and response to stimulus. Using metabolomics, we quantified 292 metabolites covering a broad spectrum of metabolic pathways, and 89 exhibited differential accumulation patterns between the mutants and WT. The changing metabolites (e.g., γ-glutamyl amino acids, auxins and glucosinolate hydrolysis products) complement our proteomics findings. This study contributes toward engineering and breeding of glucosinolate profiles in plants in efforts to improve human health, crop quality and productivity. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Glucosinolates in Brassicales constitute an important group of natural metabolites important for plant defense and human health. Its biosynthetic pathways and transcriptional regulation have been well-studied. Using Arabidopsis mutants of important genes in glucosinolate biosynthesis, quantitative proteomics and metabolomics led to identification of many proteins and metabolites that are potentially related to glucosinolate metabolism. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the molecular networks of glucosinolate metabolism, and will facilitate efforts toward engineering and breeding of glucosinolate profiles for enhanced crop defense, and nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Mostafa
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kelly M Balmant
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Biswapriya B Misra
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Craig Dufresne
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, West Palm Beach, FL 33407, USA
| | - Maged Abou-Hashem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Maher El-Domiaty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Černý M, Novák J, Habánová H, Cerna H, Brzobohatý B. Role of the proteome in phytohormonal signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1864:1003-15. [PMID: 26721743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are orchestrators of plant growth and development. A lot of time and effort has been invested in attempting to comprehend their complex signaling pathways but despite success in elucidating some key components, molecular mechanisms in the transduction pathways are far from being resolved. The last decade has seen a boom in the analysis of phytohormone-responsive proteins. Abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroids, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellins, nitric oxide, oxylipins, strigolactones, salicylic acid--all have been analyzed to various degrees. For this review, we collected data from proteome-wide analyses resulting in a list of over 2000 annotated proteins from Arabidopsis proteomics and nearly 500 manually filtered protein families merged from all the data available from different species. We present the currently accepted model of phytohormone signaling, highlight the contributions made by proteomic-based research and describe the key nodes in phytohormone signaling networks, as revealed by proteome analysis. These include ubiquitination and proteasome mediated degradation, calcium ion signaling, redox homeostasis, and phosphoproteome dynamics. Finally, we discuss potential pitfalls and future perspectives in the field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Černý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Novák
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Habánová
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Cerna
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Novák J, Černý M, Pavlů J, Zemánková J, Skalák J, Plačková L, Brzobohatý B. Roles of proteome dynamics and cytokinin signaling in root to hypocotyl ratio changes induced by shading roots of Arabidopsis seedlings. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1006-18. [PMID: 25700275 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In nature, root systems of most terrestrial plants are protected from light exposure by growing in a dark soil environment. Hence, in vitro cultivation in transparent Petri dishes leads to physiological perturbations, but the mechanisms underlying root-mediated light perception and responses have not been fully elucidated. Thus, we compared Arabidopsis thaliana seedling development in transparent and darkened Petri dishes at low light intensity (20 µmol m(-2) s(-1)), allowing us to follow (inter alia) hypocotyl elongation, which is an excellent process for studying interactions of signals involved in the regulation of growth and developmental responses. To obtain insights into molecular events underlying differences in seedling growth under these two conditions, we employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) shotgun proteomics (available via the PRIDE deposit PXD001612). In total, we quantified the relative abundances of peptides representing 1,209 proteins detected in all sample replicates of LC-MS analyses. Comparison of MS spectra after manual validation revealed 48 differentially expressed proteins. Functional classification, analysis of available gene expression data and literature searches revealed alterations associated with root illumination (inter alia) in autotrophic CO2 fixation, C compound and carbohydrate metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism. The results also indicate a previously unreported role for cytokinin plant hormones in the escape-tropism response to root illumination. We complemented these results with reverse transcription followed by quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), chlorophyll fluorescence and detailed cytokinin signaling analyses, detecting in the latter a significant increase in the activity of the cytokinin two-component signaling cascade in roots and implicating the cytokinin receptor AHK3 as the major mediator of root to hypocotyl signaling in responses to root illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novák
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Martin Černý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jaroslav Pavlů
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zemánková
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skalák
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Arabidopsis proteome responses to the smoke-derived growth regulator karrikin. J Proteomics 2015; 120:7-20. [PMID: 25746380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Karrikins are butenolide plant growth regulators in smoke from burning plant material that have proven ability to promote germination and seedling photomorphogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are unclear. Here we provide the first proteome-wide analysis of early responses to karrikin in plants (Arabidopsis seedlings). Image analysis of two-dimensionally separated proteins, Rubisco-depleted proteomes and phosphoproteomes, together with LC-MS profiling, detected >1900 proteins, 113 of which responded to karrikin treatment. All the differentially abundant proteins (except HSP70-3) are novel karrikin-responders, and most are involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, redox homeostasis, transcription control, proteosynthesis, protein transport and processing, or protein degradation. Our data provide functionally complementary information to previous identifications of karrikin-responsive genes and evidence for a novel karrikin signalling pathway originating in chloroplasts. We present an updated model of karrikin signalling that integrates proteomic data and is supported by growth response observations. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Karrikin has shown promising potential in agricultural applications, yet this process is poorly understood at the molecular level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey of early global proteomic responses to karrikin in plants (Arabidopsis seedlings). The combination of label-free LC-MS profiling and 2-DE analyses provided highly sensitive snapshots of protein abundance and quantitative information on proteoform-level changes. These results present evidence of proteasome-independent karrikin signalling pathways and provide novel targets for detailed mechanistic studies using, e.g., mutants and transgenic plants.
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Dobrá J, Černý M, Štorchová H, Dobrev P, Skalák J, Jedelský PL, Lukšanová H, Gaudinová A, Pešek B, Malbeck J, Vanek T, Brzobohatý B, Vanková R. The impact of heat stress targeting on the hormonal and transcriptomic response in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 231:52-61. [PMID: 25575991 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeting of the heat stress (HS, 40°C) to shoots, roots or whole plants substantially affects Arabidopsis physiological responses. Effective stress targeting was proved by determination of the expression of HS markers, HsfA2 and HSA32, which were quickly stimulated in the targeted organ(s), but remained low in non-stressed tissues for at least 2h. When shoots or whole plants were subjected to HS, a transient decrease in abscisic acid, accompanied by a small increase in active cytokinin levels, was observed in leaves, consistent with stimulation of transpiration, the main cooling mechanism in leaves. HS application targeted to part of plant resulted in a rapid stimulation of expression of components of cytokinin signaling pathway (especially of receptor genes) in the non-exposed tissues, which indicated fast inter-organ communication. Under all HS treatments, shoot apices responded by transient elevation of active cytokinin contents and stimulation of transcription of genes involved in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Duration of this stimulation was negatively correlated with stress strength. The impact of targeted HS on the expression of 63 selected genes, including those coding regulatory 14-3-3 proteins, was compared. Stimulation of GRF9 (GRF14μ) in stressed organs after 2-6h may be associated with plant stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Dobrá
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 263, CZ-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Černý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Štorchová
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 263, CZ-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 263, CZ-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Skalák
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr L Jedelský
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-12843 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Lukšanová
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 263, CZ-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Gaudinová
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 263, CZ-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Bedřich Pešek
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 263, CZ-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Malbeck
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 263, CZ-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Vanek
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 263, CZ-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i. and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Radomíra Vanková
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 263, CZ-16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Saiz-Fernández I, De Diego N, Sampedro MC, Mena-Petite A, Ortiz-Barredo A, Lacuesta M. High nitrate supply reduces growth in maize, from cell to whole plant. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 173:120-9. [PMID: 25462086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient that limits agricultural productivity, and both low and high N supply have been suggested to alter plant growth. The overall aim of this work is to study the impact of nitrate (NO3(-)) in maize yield and the possible causes that induce this alteration. High NO3(-) doses did not increase the yield of maize grown neither in the field nor under controlled conditions. In fact, plants grown under controlled conditions for 45 days with NO3(-) concentrations over 5mM showed a decrease in biomass production. This reduction was perceptible in shoots prior to roots, where phytomer expansion was reduced. Cell size and number were also reduced in the leaves of plants with high NO3(-). This alteration was correlated with the increase of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in leaves, which was probably translocated from the roots in order to synthesize ethylene. Cytokinins (CKs) also showed a relevant role in this inhibitory effect, increasing in high NO3(-) plants with a reduction in root and shoot growth, inhibition of apical dominance and a strong decrease of leaf expansion, symptoms described previously as "CK syndrome". We propose that high NO3(-) inhibits maize growth by causing hormonal alterations that modify plant growth from cell to whole plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, P° de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz E-01006, Spain.
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, P° de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz E-01006, Spain; Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Maria Carmen Sampedro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz E-01006, Spain.
| | - Amaia Mena-Petite
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Amaia Ortiz-Barredo
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, Research Institute for Agricultural Development, Basque Country, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Ap. 46, E-01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Maite Lacuesta
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, P° de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz E-01006, Spain.
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Cerný M, Jedelský PL, Novák J, Schlosser A, Brzobohatý B. Cytokinin modulates proteomic, transcriptomic and growth responses to temperature shocks in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1641-55. [PMID: 24393122 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must sense environmental conditions and adjust their growth and development processes accordingly, through adaptive responses regulated by various internal factors, including hormones. A key environmental factor is temperature, but temperature-sensing mechanisms are not fully understood despite intense research. We investigated proteomic responses to temperature shocks (15 min cold or heat treatments) with and without exogenous applications of cytokinin in Arabidopsis. Image and mass spectrometric analysis of the two-dimensionally separated proteins detected 139 differentially regulated spots, in which 148 proteins were identified, most of which have not been previously linked to temperature perception. More than 70% of the temperature-shock response proteins were modulated by cytokinin, mostly in a similar manner as heat shock. Data mining of previous transcriptomic datasets supported extensive interactions between temperature and cytokinin signalling. The biological significance of this finding was tested by assaying an independent growth response of Arabidopsis seedlings to heat stress: hypocotyl elongation. This response was strongly inhibited in mutants with deficiencies in cytokinin signalling or endogenous cytokinin levels. Thus, cytokinins may directly participate in heat signalling in plants. Finally, large proportions of both temperature-shock and cytokinin responsive proteomes co-localize to the chloroplast, which might therefore host a substantial proportion of the temperature response machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cerný
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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