1
|
Uzilday B, Takahashi K, Kobayashi A, Uzilday RO, Fujii N, Takahashi H, Turkan I. Role of Abscisic Acid, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Ca 2+ Signaling in Hydrotropism-Drought Avoidance-Associated Response of Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1220. [PMID: 38732435 PMCID: PMC11085316 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Plant roots exert hydrotropism in response to moisture gradients to avoid drought stress. The regulatory mechanism underlying hydrotropism involves novel regulators such as MIZ1 and GNOM/MIZ2 as well as abscisic acid (ABA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Ca2+ signaling. ABA, ROS, and Ca2+ signaling are also involved in plant responses to drought stress. Although the mechanism of moisture gradient perception remains largely unknown, the sensory apparatus has been reported to reside in the root elongation zone rather than in the root cap. In Arabidopsis roots, hydrotropism is mediated by the action of MIZ1 and ABA in the cortex of the elongation zone, the accumulation of ROS at the root curvature, and the variation in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in the entire root tip including the root cap and stele of the elongation zone. Moreover, root exposure to moisture gradients has been proposed to cause asymmetric ABA distribution or Ca2+ signaling, leading to the induction of the hydrotropic response. A comprehensive and detailed analysis of hydrotropism regulators and their signaling network in relation to the tissues required for their function is apparently crucial for understanding the mechanisms unique to root hydrotropism. Here, referring to studies on plant responses to drought stress, we summarize the recent findings relating to the role of ABA, ROS, and Ca2+ signaling in hydrotropism, discuss their functional sites and plausible networks, and raise some questions that need to be answered in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baris Uzilday
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kaori Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akie Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Rengin Ozgur Uzilday
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nobuharu Fujii
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Research Center for Space Agriculture and Horticulture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Turkey
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Yasar University, University Street, No. 37-39, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Castro-Valdecantos P, Puértolas J, Dodd IC. Similar soil drying-induced stomatal closure in soybean genotypes varying in abscisic acid accumulation and stomatal sensitivity to abscisic acid. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:NULL. [PMID: 37072870 DOI: 10.1071/fp23012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Different soybean cultivars (Williams 82 , Union , Jindou 21 , Long Huang 1 , Long Huang 2 ) were exposed to drying soil, to investigate whether endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations and leaf water relations regulated stomatal behaviour. We measured ABA concentrations in xylem and tissue of the first and second trifoliate leaves respectively; stomatal conductance (gs ) and leaf water potential (Ψleaf ) in both leaves; and water content in soil. Cultivar variation in leaf area and g s caused different rates of soil drying, but g s and Ψ leaf declined similarly with soil drying in all cultivars. Variation in leaf xylem ABA concentration better explained stomatal responses than foliar ABA concentration in some cultivars, and was highly correlated with stomatal conductance. Xylem ABA concentration in well-watered soil was highest in Union , and in drying soil was lowest in Jindou 21 and Long Huang 2 , although the latter had the highest foliar ABA concentrations. Jindou 21 accumulated lower xylem ABA concentrations than other cultivars as soil moisture or Ψ leaf decreased, but its stomatal sensitivity to xylem ABA was greater. Because cultivars varied in both ABA accumulation and stomatal sensitivity to ABA, but had similar stomatal sensitivity to Ψ leaf , leaf water relations seem more important in regulating stomatal closure of soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Castro-Valdecantos
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; and School of Life Sciences and Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; and The Joint Institute for the Environmental Research and Education, Guangzhou, China; and Present address: Department of Agronomy, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, University of Seville, Ctra. Utrera km. 1, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Jaime Puértolas
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; and Present address: Department of Botany and Plant Ecology and Physiology, University of La Laguna, Facultad de Farmacia, Avd Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands 38200, Spain
| | - Ian C Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; and The Joint Institute for the Environmental Research and Education, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silva GS, Gavassi MA, de Oliveira Carvalho BM, Habermann G. High abscisic acid and low root hydraulic conductivity may explain low leaf hydration in 'Mandarin' lime exposed to aluminum. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:404-417. [PMID: 36349691 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The first symptom of aluminum (Al) toxicity is the inhibition of root growth, which has been associated with low leaf hydration, with negative consequences for leaf gas exchange including stomatal conductance (gs) observed in many plant species. Here we asked whether low leaf hydration occurs before or after the inhibition of root growth of Citrus × limonia Osbeck ('Mandarin' lime) cultivated for 60 days in nutrient solution with 0 and 1480 μM Al. The length, diameter, surface area and biomass of roots of plants exposed to Al were lower than control plants only at 30 days after treatments (DAT). Until the end of the study, estimated gs (measured by sap flow techniques) was lower than in control plants from 3 DAT, total plant transpiration (Eplant) and root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) at 7 DAT, and midday leaf water potential (Ψmd) and relative leaf water content at 15 DAT. Abscisic acid (ABA) in leaves was twofold higher in Al-exposed plants 1 DAT, and in roots a twofold higher peak was observed at 15 DAT. As ABA in leaves approached values of control plants after 15 DAT, we propose that low gs of plants exposed to Al is primarily caused by ABA, and the maintenance of low gs could be ascribed to the low Lpr from 7 DAT until the end of the study. Therefore, the low leaf hydration in 'Mandarin' lime exposed to Al does not seem to be caused by root growth inhibition or by a simple consequence of low water uptake due to a stunted root system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Schwab Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Alves Gavassi
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Brenda Mistral de Oliveira Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Habermann
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gorgues L, Li X, Maurel C, Martinière A, Nacry P. Root osmotic sensing from local perception to systemic responses. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:36. [PMID: 37676549 PMCID: PMC10442022 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants face a constantly changing environment, requiring fine tuning of their growth and development. Plants have therefore developed numerous mechanisms to cope with environmental stress conditions. One striking example is root response to water deficit. Upon drought (which causes osmotic stress to cells), plants can among other responses alter locally their root system architecture (hydropatterning) or orientate their root growth to optimize water uptake (hydrotropism). They can also modify their hydraulic properties, metabolism and development coordinately at the whole root and plant levels. Upstream of these developmental and physiological changes, plant roots must perceive and transduce signals for water availability. Here, we review current knowledge on plant osmotic perception and discuss how long distance signaling can play a role in signal integration, leading to the great phenotypic plasticity of roots and plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Gorgues
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Xuelian Li
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Philippe Nacry
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huntenburg K, Puértolas J, de Ollas C, Dodd IC. Bi-directional, long-distance hormonal signalling between roots and shoots of soil water availability. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13697. [PMID: 35526211 PMCID: PMC9320954 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
While the importance of plant water relations in determining crop response to soil water availability is difficult to over-emphasise, under many circumstances, plants maintain their leaf water status as the soil dries yet shoot gas exchange and growth is restricted. Such observations lead to development of a paradigm that root-to-shoot signals regulate shoot physiology, and a conceptual framework to test the importance of different signals such as plant hormones in these physiological processes. Nevertheless, shoot-to-root (hormonal) signalling also plays an important role in regulating root growth and function and may dominate when larger quantities of a hormone are produced in the shoots than the roots. Here, we review the evidence for acropetal and basipetal transport of three different plant hormones (abscisic acid, jasmonates, strigolactones) that have antitranspirant effects, to indicate the origin and action of these signalling systems. The physiological importance of each transport pathway likely depends on the specific environmental conditions the plant is exposed to, specifically whether the roots or shoots are the first to lose turgor when exposed to drying soil or elevated atmospheric demand, respectively. All three hormones can interact to influence each other's synthesis, degradation and intracellular signalling to augment or attenuate their physiological impacts, highlighting the complexity of unravelling these signalling systems. Nevertheless, such complexity suggests crop improvement opportunities to select for allelic variation in the genes affecting hormonal regulation, and (in selected crops) to augment root-shoot communication by judicious selection of rootstock-scion combinations to ameliorate abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Huntenburg
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
- NIAB AgronomyNIABCambridgeUK
| | - Jaime Puértolas
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology and PhysiologyUniversity of La LagunaSan Cristóbal de La LagunaSpain
| | - Carlos de Ollas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias del Medio NaturalUniversitat Jaume ICastellonSpain
| | - Ian C. Dodd
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Assessment of the Type of Deficit Irrigation Applied during Berry Development in ‘Crimson Seedless’ Table Grapes. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14081311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This work assessed the effects of the sustained (during the whole berry growth) and regulated (at post-veraison) practices of deficit irrigation on water relations, yield components and berry quality in a commercial vineyard of ‘Crimson Seedless’ table grapes. For this, five irrigation treatments were established during a complete irrigation season (from April to October): (i) Control (CTL) irrigated to 110% crop evapotranspiration (ETc); (ii) Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) irrigated at 50% of CTL during the non-critical period of post-veraison; (iii) Sustained Deficit Irrigation (SDI), irrigated at 50% of CTL throughout the entire berry growing season; (iv) Partial Root-Zone Drying (PRD), irrigated similar to RDI but alternating the irrigation applied on the dry side every 10–14 days; (v) Sustained Partial Root-Zone Drying (SPRD), irrigated as SDI but alternating the irrigation on the dry side every 10–14 days. RDI and PRD received 24% and 28% less water than CTL, respectively. These reductions were higher in SDI and SPRD (65% and 53%, respectively). Total yield was not affected by any DI strategy. Only significantly lower productive values were observed in the weight and height of the berries as compared to CTL. However, the color parameters evaluated increased in all the DI treatments, being slightly higher in SDI and SPRD as compared with RDI and PRD. In addition, total soluble solids (TSS) were significantly higher in SDI, compared to other irrigated counterparts. Our findings showed that the application of water deficit during the entire period of berry growth using SDI and SPRD can be considered for irrigation scheduling in ‘Crimson Seedless’ table grapes when the aim is to solve the trouble of insufficient reddish color of the berries.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gojon A, Nussaume L, Luu DT, Murchie EH, Baekelandt A, Rodrigues Saltenis VL, Cohan J, Desnos T, Inzé D, Ferguson JN, Guiderdonni E, Krapp A, Klein Lankhorst R, Maurel C, Rouached H, Parry MAJ, Pribil M, Scharff LB, Nacry P. Approaches and determinants to sustainably improve crop production. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gojon
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- UMR7265 Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie CNRS‐CEA‐Université Aix‐Marseille Saint‐Paul‐lez‐Durance France
| | - Doan T. Luu
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | | | | | - Thierry Desnos
- UMR7265 Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie CNRS‐CEA‐Université Aix‐Marseille Saint‐Paul‐lez‐Durance France
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - John N. Ferguson
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
- Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | | | - Anne Krapp
- Institut Jean‐Pierre Bourgin INRAE AgroParisTech Université Paris‐Saclay Versailles France
| | - René Klein Lankhorst
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Hatem Rouached
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | | | - Mathias Pribil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Lars B. Scharff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alharbi BM, Abdulmajeed AM, Hassan H. Biochemical and Molecular Effects Induced by Triacontanol in Acquired Tolerance of Rice to Drought Stress. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1119. [PMID: 34440293 PMCID: PMC8391767 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the effect of triacontanol (TRIA) on rice plants grown under normal or drought conditions, rice seeds were presoaked in TRIA (35 ppm) for two hours. After 20 days of sowing, rice seedlings developed from TRIA-treated or untreated seeds were subjected to drought stress. After 10 days of plant exposure to drought stress, data of major growth attributes and the content of photosynthetic pigments were recorded. Moreover, the effect of drought stress on stomatal conductance and the photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) were followed. The data obtained indicated that the species of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Giza 177 under investigation was sensitive to drought stress where there were significant decreases in the fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots and in stomatal conductance, as well as in the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. Seed priming with TRIA enhanced both growth and acquired plant tolerance to drought stress. Thus, TRIA via the enhancement of stomatal conductance through the regulation of stomatal closure, the rate of water loss, ABA metabolism, the accumulation of osmolytes, and the regulation of aquaporins genes improved the water status of plants grown under water scarcity. Moreover, TRIA via increasing the content of free amino acids and sugars under drought stress may increase the chance of plant tissues to retain more water under scarcity conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basmah M. Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Heba Hassan
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Expression of AhATL1, an ABA Transport Factor Gene from Peanut, Is Affected by Altered Memory Gene Expression Patterns and Increased Tolerance to Drought Stress in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073398. [PMID: 33806243 PMCID: PMC8037416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachis hypogaea abscisic acid transporter like-1 (AhATL1) modulates abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity by specifically influencing the importing of ABA into cells, and is a key player in plant stress responses. However, there is limited information on ABA transporters in crops. In this study, we found that the level of AhATL1 expression and AhATL1 distribution increased more rapidly in the second drought (D2) compared with in the first drought (D1). Compared with the first recovery (R1), the AhATL1 expression level and ABA content remained at a higher level during the second recovery (R2). The heterologous overexpression of AhATL1 in Arabidopsis changed the expression pattern of certain memory genes and changed the post response gene type into the memory gene type. Regarding the proline and water content of Col (Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh., Col-0), atabcg22, and AhATL1-OX during drought training, the second drought (D2) was more severe than the first drought (D1), which was more conducive to maintaining the cell osmotic balance and resisting drought. In summary, drought stress memory resulted in a rapid increase in the AhATL1 expression and AhATL1 distribution level, and then raised the endogenous ABA content and changed the post response gene type into the memory gene type, which enhanced the drought resistance and recovery ability.
Collapse
|
10
|
Saiz-Fernández I, Černý M, Skalák J, Brzobohatý B. Split-root systems: detailed methodology, alternative applications, and implications at leaf proteome level. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:7. [PMID: 33422104 PMCID: PMC7797125 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Split-root systems (SRS) have many applications in plant sciences, but their implementation, depending on the experimental design, can be difficult and time-consuming. Additionally, the system is not exempt from limitations, since the time required for the establishment of the SRS imposes a limit to how early in plant development experiments can be performed. Here, we optimized and explained in detail a method for establishing a SRS in young Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, both in vitro and in soil. RESULTS We found that the partial de-rooting minimized the recovery time compared to total de-rooting, thus allowing the establishment of the split-root system in younger plants. Analysis of changes in the Arabidopsis leaf proteome following the de-rooting procedure highlighted the distinct metabolic alterations that totally and partially de-rooted plants undergo during the healing process. This system was also validated for its use in drought experiments, as it offers a way to apply water-soluble compounds to plants subjected to drought stress. By growing plants in a split-root system with both halves being water-deprived, it is possible to apply the required compound to one half of the root system, which can be cut from the main plant once the compound has been absorbed, thus minimizing rehydration and maintaining drought conditions. CONCLUSIONS Partial de-rooting is the suggested method for obtaining split-root systems in small plants like Arabidopsis thaliana, as growth parameters, survival rate, and proteomic analysis suggest that is a less stressful procedure than total de-rooting, leading to a final rosette area much closer to that of uncut plants. Additionally, we provide evidence that split root-systems can be used in drought experiments where water-soluble compounds are applied with minimal effects of rehydration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skalák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Functional Genomics & Proteomics of Plants, CEITEC MU, Central European Institute of Technology, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen L, Czechowski T, Graham IA, Hartley SE. Impact of osmotic stress on the growth and root architecture of introgression lines derived from a wild ancestor of rice and a modern cultivar. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2020; 1:122-133. [PMID: 37283730 PMCID: PMC10168093 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many modern rice varieties have been intensively selected for high-yielding performance under irrigated conditions, reducing their genetic diversity and potentially increasing their susceptibility to abiotic stresses such as drought. In this study, we tested benefits for stress tolerance of introducing DNA segments from wild ancestor Oryza rufipogon to the modern cultivar O. sativa cv Curinga (CUR) by applying a gradient of osmotic stress to both parents and seven introgressed lines. Shoot growth of O. rufipogon had a high tolerance to osmotic stress, and the number of total root tips increased under mild osmotic stress. One introgression line showed greater shoot growth, root growth, and higher number of total root tips than the parent line CUR under osmotic stress. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone mediating plant responses to abiotic stresses. Both root and shoot growth of O. rufipogon were much more sensitive to ABA than CUR. Introgression lines varied in the extent to which the sensitivity of their growth responses to ABA and some lines correlated with their sensitivity to osmotic stress. Our results suggest that rice responses to ABA and osmotic stress are genotype dependent, and growth responses of rice to ABA are not a consistent indicator of resilience to abiotic stress in introgression lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | | | | | - Sue E. Hartley
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Present address:
Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maurel C, Nacry P. Root architecture and hydraulics converge for acclimation to changing water availability. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:744-749. [PMID: 32601421 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Because of intense transpiration and growth, the needs of plants for water can be immense. Yet water in the soil is most often heterogeneous if not scarce due to more and more frequent and intense drought episodes. The converse context, flooding, is often associated with marked oxygen deficiency and can also challenge the plant water status. Under our feet, roots achieve an incredible challenge to meet the water demand of the plant's aerial parts under such dramatically different environmental conditions. For this, they continuously explore the soil, building a highly complex, branched architecture. On shorter time scales, roots keep adjusting their water transport capacity (their so-called hydraulics) locally or globally. While the mechanisms that directly underlie root growth and development as well as tissue hydraulics are being uncovered, the signalling mechanisms that govern their local and systemic adjustments as a function of water availability remain largely unknown. A comprehensive understanding of root architecture and hydraulics as a whole (in other terms, root hydraulic architecture) is needed to apprehend the strategies used by plants to optimize water uptake and possibly improve crops regarding this crucial trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
| | - Philippe Nacry
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Puértolas J, Pardos M, de Ollas C, Albacete A, Dodd IC. Soil moisture heterogeneity regulates water use in Populus nigra L. by altering root and xylem sap phytohormone concentrations. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:762-773. [PMID: 32193548 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil moisture heterogeneity in the root zone is common both during the establishment of tree seedlings and in experiments aiming to impose semi-constant soil moisture deficits, but its effects on regulating plant water use compared with homogenous soil drying are not well known in trees. Pronounced vertical soil moisture heterogeneity was imposed on black poplar (Populus nigra L.) grown in soil columns by altering irrigation frequency, to test whether plant water use, hydraulic responses, root phytohormone concentrations and root xylem sap chemical composition differed between wet (well-watered, WW), and homogeneously (infrequent deficit irrigation, IDI) and heterogeneously dry soil (frequent deficit irrigation, FDI). At the same bulk soil water content, FDI plants had greater water use than IDI plants, probably because root abscisic acid (ABA) concentration was low in the upper wetter layer of FDI plants, which maintained root xylem sap ABA concentration at basal levels in contrast with IDI. Soil drying did not increase root xylem concentration of any other hormone. Nevertheless, plant-to-plant variation in xylem jasmonic acid (JA) concentration was negatively related to leaf stomatal conductance within WW and FDI plants. However, feeding detached leaves with high (1200 nM) JA concentrations via the transpiration stream decreased transpiration only marginally. Xylem pH and sulphate concentration decreased in FDI plants compared with well-watered plants. Frequent deficit irrigation increased root accumulation of the cytokinin trans-zeatin (tZ), especially in the dry lower layer, and of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), in the wet upper soil layer. Root hormone accumulation might explain the maintenance of high root hydraulic conductance and water use in FDI plants (similar to well-watered plants) compared with IDI plants. In irrigated tree crops, growers could vary irrigation scheduling to control water use by altering the hormone balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Puértolas
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Marta Pardos
- Centro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Crta A Coruña s/n, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Carlos de Ollas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Riu Sec, Castelló de la Plana E-12071, Spain
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Espinardo, Murcia E-30100, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Agrotecnologýa, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, Murcia E-30150, Spain
| | - Ian C Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Simmons T, Styer AB, Pierroz G, Gonçalves AP, Pasricha R, Hazra AB, Bubner P, Coleman-Derr D. Drought Drives Spatial Variation in the Millet Root Microbiome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:599. [PMID: 32547572 PMCID: PMC7270290 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to boost crop yield and meet global food demands while striving to reach sustainability goals are hindered by the increasingly severe impacts of abiotic stress, such as drought. One strategy for alleviating drought stress in crops is to utilize root-associated bacteria, yet knowledge concerning the relationship between plant hosts and their microbiomes during drought remain under-studied. One broad pattern that has recently been reported in a variety of monocot and dicot species from both native and agricultural environments, is the enrichment of Actinobacteria within the drought-stressed root microbiome. In order to better understand the causes of this phenomenon, we performed a series of experiments in millet plants to explore the roles of drought severity, drought localization, and root development in provoking Actinobacteria enrichment within the root endosphere. Through 16S rRNA amplicon-based sequencing, we demonstrate that the degree of drought is correlated with levels of Actinobacterial enrichment in four species of millet. Additionally, we demonstrate that the observed drought-induced enrichment of Actinobacteria occurs along the length of the root, but the response is localized to portions of the root experiencing drought. Finally, we demonstrate that Actinobacteria are depleted in the dead root tissue of Japanese millet, suggesting saprophytic activity is not the main cause of observed shifts in drought-treated root microbiome structure. Collectively, these results help narrow the list of potential causes of drought-induced Actinobacterial enrichment in plant roots by showing that enrichment is dependent upon localized drought responses but not root developmental stage or root death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuesday Simmons
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Alexander B. Styer
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Grady Pierroz
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Antonio Pedro Gonçalves
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ramji Pasricha
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Amrita B. Hazra
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Patricia Bubner
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Devin Coleman-Derr
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Plant Gene Expression Center, United States Department of Agriculture–Agriculture Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zegada-Lizarazu W, Monti A. Deep root growth, ABA adjustments and root water uptake response to soil water deficit in giant reed. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:605-616. [PMID: 30698652 PMCID: PMC6821217 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Giant reed (Arundo donax L.) is a deep-rooted crop that can survive prolonged dry periods probably as a result of its capacity to uptake water from below ground, but specific information on the functioning of deep/shallow roots is missing. The objective of this study was to understand the dynamic interrelationships of root water acquisition, canopy water conservation and abscisic acid (ABA) signals from both shallow and deep roots. METHODS In transparent split top-bottom rhizotron systems (1-m-high columns), where hydraulically isolated and independently watered layers were created with the aid of calibrated soil moisture sensors, water uptake trends were monitored. Rooting patterns were traced on the walls of the rhizotrons. Leaf gas exchange was determined using a portable infrared gas analyser. Leaf and root ABA concentrations were monitored. KEY RESULTS Under well-watered conditions, water uptake from both upper and deeper soil layers was similar. Water uptake from deeper soil layers increased gradually by up to 2.2-fold when drought stress was imposed to upper layers compared to the control conditions. Despite the significant increase in water uptake from deeper layers, surface root length density of drought-treated plants remained unchanged, suggesting increased root water uptake efficiency by these roots. However, these adjustments were not sufficient to sustain photosynthesis and therefore biomass accumulation, which was reduced by 42 %. The ABA content in shallower drought-treated roots increased 2.6-fold. This increase closely and positively correlated with foliar ABA concentration, increased intrinsic water use efficiency and leaf water potential (LWP). CONCLUSIONS Giant reed is able to change its water sources depending on water availability and to maximize water uptake efficiency to satisfy canopy evapotranspirative demands. The regulation of deep root functioning and distribution, adjustment of canopy size, and root/foliar synthesized ABA play a central role in controlling LWP and leaf transpiration efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Zegada-Lizarazu
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Andrea Monti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Puglisi I, Nicolosi E, Vanella D, Lo Piero AR, Stagno F, Saitta D, Roccuzzo G, Consoli S, Baglieri A. Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Orange Trees to Different Deficit Irrigation Regimes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E423. [PMID: 31627476 PMCID: PMC6843479 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The article presents the results of research consisting of the application of deficit irrigation (DI) criteria, combined with the adoption of micro-irrigation methods, on orange orchards (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) in Sicily (Italy) during the irrigation season of 2015. Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI, T3) and partial root-zone drying (PRD, T4) strategies were compared with full irrigation (T1) and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI, T2) treatments in terms of physiological, biochemical, and productive crop response. A geophysical survey (electrical resistivity tomography, ERT) was carried out to identify a link between the percentages of drying soil volume in T4 with leaves abscisic acid (ABA) signal. Results highlight that the orange trees physiological response to water stress conditions did not show particular differences among the different irrigation treatments, not inducing detrimental effects on crop production features. ABA levels in leaves were rather constant in all the treatments, except in T4 during late irrigation season. ERT technique identified that prolonged drying cycles during alternate PRD exposed more roots to severe soil drying, thus increasing leaf ABA accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Nicolosi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Daniela Vanella
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Angela Roberta Lo Piero
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Fiorella Stagno
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, via la Canapona, 1bis - 47121 Forlì, Italy; (F.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Daniela Saitta
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Giancarlo Roccuzzo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, via la Canapona, 1bis - 47121 Forlì, Italy; (F.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Simona Consoli
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Baglieri
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.P.); (E.N.); (A.R.L.P.); (D.S.); (S.C.); (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Batool A, Akram NA, Cheng ZG, Lv GC, Ashraf M, Afzal M, Xiong JL, Wang JY, Xiong YC. Physiological and biochemical responses of two spring wheat genotypes to non-hydraulic root-to-shoot signalling of partial and full root-zone drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:11-20. [PMID: 30875531 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-hydraulic root-sourced signal (nHRS) is so far affirmed to be a unique positive early-warning response to drying soil, however its physiological and agronomic implications are still unclear. We designed two contrast methods to induce nHRS in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes released in different decades under pot-culture conditions. Partial root-zone stress (PS) was performed using the method of split-root alternative water supply (one half wetting and the other drying) to induce the continuous operation of nHRS, and full root-zone stress (FS) was subjected to whole root system to periodic operation of nHRS. nHRS-mediated signalling increased abscisic acid (ABA) production and triggered ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation, which, thereby, led to up-regulation of antioxidant defense system. Cytokinin synthesis reduced during drought stress while proline and malodialdehyde (MDA) content were increased. Regardless of drought treatment methods and wheat genotype, a significant decrease in grain yield, root biomass and above-ground biomass (p < 0.05) was observed, without significant changes in root-to-shoot ratio. Harvest index was increased, proposing that more energy was allocated to reproductive organs during the action of nHRS. Moreover, higher water use efficiency was witnessed in PS. The data suggest that nHRS triggered ABA accumulation, thereby closing stomata, and reducing water use and also decreases the production of ROS and improves the antioxidant defence enzymes, thus enhancing drought tolerance. This survey of different-decade genotypes suggests that advances in grain yield and drought tolerance would be made by targeted selection for a wheat genetic resource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asfa Batool
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | | | - Zheng-Guo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guang-Chao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Jun-Lan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jian-Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - You-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee S, I. Sergeeva L, Vreugdenhil D. Natural variation of hormone levels in Arabidopsis roots and correlations with complex root architecture. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:292-309. [PMID: 29205819 PMCID: PMC5947113 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies on natural variation are an important tool to unravel the genetic basis of quantitative traits in plants. Despite the significant roles of phytohormones in plant development, including root architecture, hardly any studies have been done to investigate natural variation in endogenous hormone levels in plants. Therefore, in the present study a range of hormones were quantified in root extracts of thirteen Arabidopsis thaliana accessions using a ultra performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Root system architecture of the set of accessions was quantified, using a new parameter (mature root unit) for complex root systems, and correlated with the phytohormone data. Significant variations in phytohormone levels among the accessions were detected, but were remarkably small, namely less than three-fold difference between extremes. For cytokinins, relatively larger variations were found for ribosides and glucosides, as compared to the free bases. For root phenotyping, length-related traits-lateral root length and total root length-showed larger variations than lateral root number-related ones. For root architecture, antagonistic interactions between hormones, for example, indole-3-acetic acid to trans-zeatin were detected in correlation analysis. These findings provide conclusive evidence for the presence of natural variation in phytohormone levels in Arabidopsis roots, suggesting that quantitative genetic analyses are feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangseok Lee
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
- Gyeongsangbuk‐Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services Centre136 Gil‐14Chilgokjungang‐daeroDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Lidiya I. Sergeeva
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dick Vreugdenhil
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li W, de Ollas C, Dodd IC. Long-distance ABA transport can mediate distal tissue responses by affecting local ABA concentrations. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:16-33. [PMID: 29052969 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses that perturb plant water relations influence abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations, but it is unclear whether long-distance ABA transport contributes to changes in local ABA levels. To determine the physiological relevance of ABA transport, we made reciprocal- and self-grafts of ABA-deficient flacca mutant and wild-type (WT) tomato plants, in which low phosphorus (P) conditions decreased ABA concentrations while salinity increased ABA concentrations. Whereas foliar ABA concentrations in the WT scions were rootstock independent under conditions, salinity resulted in long-distance transport of ABA: flacca scions had approximately twice as much ABA when grafted on WT rootstocks compared to flacca rootstocks. Root ABA concentrations were scion dependent: both WT and flacca rootstocks had less ABA with the flacca mutant scion than with the WT scion under conditions. In WT scions, whereas rootstock genotype had limited effects on stomatal conductance under conditions, a flacca rootstock decreased leaf area of stressed plants, presumably due to attenuated root-to-shoot ABA transport. In flacca scions, a WT rootstock decreased stomatal conductance but increased leaf area of stressed plants, likely due to enhanced root-to-shoot ABA transport. Thus, long-distance ABA transport can affect responses in distal tissues by changing local ABA concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Carlos de Ollas
- Plant & Crop Sciences, Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian C Dodd
- Plant & Crop Sciences, Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li X, Wilkinson S, Shen J, Forde BG, Davies WJ. Stomatal and growth responses to hydraulic and chemical changes induced by progressive soil drying. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5883-5894. [PMID: 29126265 PMCID: PMC5854116 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of physiological responses of crops to drought stress is important for ensuring sustained crop productivity under climate change. Here, we studied the effect on 15-day-old maize (Zea mays L.) plants of a 6 d non-lethal period of soil drying [soil water potential (SWP) decreased from -0.20 MPa to -0.81 MPa]. Root growth was initially stimulated during drying (when SWP decreased from -0.31 MPa to -0.38 MPa, compared with -0.29 MPa in well-watered pots), followed by inhibition during Days 5-6 (SWP from -0.63 MPa to -0.81 MPa). Abscisic acid (ABA) in the root began to accumulate as the root water potential declined during Days 2-3. Leaf elongation was inhibited from Day 4 (SWP less than -0.51 MPa), just after leaf ABA content began to increase, but coinciding with a decline in leaf water potential. The stomatal conductance was restricted earlier in the younger leaf (fourth) (on Day 3) than in the older leaf (third). The ethylene content of leaves and roots decreased during drying, but after the respective increase in ABA contents. This work identified critical timing of hydraulic and chemical changes at the onset of soil drying, which can be important in initiating early stomatal and growth responses to drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK
| | | | - Jianbo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Plant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, China
| | - Brian G Forde
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marino G, Brunetti C, Tattini M, Romano A, Biasioli F, Tognetti R, Loreto F, Ferrini F, Centritto M. Dissecting the role of isoprene and stress-related hormones (ABA and ethylene) in Populus nigra exposed to unequal root zone water stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:1637-1647. [PMID: 28981861 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is synthesized through the 2-C-methylerythritol-5-phosphate (MEP) pathway that also produces abscisic acid (ABA). Increases in foliar free ABA concentration during drought induce stomatal closure and may also alter ethylene biosynthesis. We hypothesized a role of isoprene biosynthesis in protecting plants challenged by increasing water deficit, by influencing ABA production and ethylene evolution. We performed a split-root experiment on Populus nigra L. subjected to three water treatments: well-watered (WW) plants with both root sectors kept at pot capacity, plants with both root compartments allowed to dry for 5 days (DD) and plants with one-half of the roots irrigated to pot capacity, while the other half did not receive water (WD). WD and WW plants were similar in photosynthesis, water relations, foliar ABA concentration and isoprene emission, whereas these parameters were significantly affected in DD plants: leaf isoprene emission increased despite the fact that photosynthesis declined by 85% and the ABA-glucoside/free ABA ratio decreased significantly. Enhanced isoprene biosynthesis in water-stressed poplars may have contributed to sustaining leaf ABA biosynthesis by keeping the MEP pathway active. However, this enhancement in ABA was accompanied by no change in ethylene biosynthesis, likely confirming the antagonistic role between ABA and ethylene. These results may indicate a potential cross-talk among isoprene, ABA and ethylene under drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marino
- Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Firenze Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Andrea Romano
- Dipartimento Qualità Alimentare e Nutrizione, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Dipartimento Qualità Alimentare e Nutrizione, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Roberto Tognetti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Firenze Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li W, Jia L, Wang L. Chemical signals and their regulations on the plant growth and water use efficiency of cotton seedlings under partial root-zone drying and different nitrogen applications. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 24:477-487. [PMID: 28386170 PMCID: PMC5372376 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial root-zone drying during irrigation (PRD) has been shown effective in enhancing plant water use efficiency (WUE), however, the roles of chemical signals from root and shoot that are involved and the possible interactions affected by nitrogen nutrition are not clear. Pot-grown cotton (Gossypium spp.) seedlings were treated with three levels of N fertilization and PRD. The concentrations of nitrate (NO3−), abscisic acid (ABA) and the pH value of leaf and root xylem saps, biomass and WUE were measured. Results showed that PRD plants produced larger biomass and higher WUE than non-PRD plants, with significant changes in leaf xylem ABA, leaf and root xylem NO3− concentrations and pH values, under heterogeneous soil moisture conditions. Simultaneously, high-N treated plants displayed larger changes in leaf xylem ABA and higher root xylem NO3− concentrations, than in the medium- or low-N treated plants. However, the WUE of plants in the low-N treatment was higher than that of those in the high- and medium-N treatments. PRD and nitrogen levels respectively induced signaling responses of ABA/NO3− and pH in leaf or root xylem to affect WUE and biomass under different watering levels, although significant interactions of PRD and nitrogen levels were found when these signal molecules responded to soil drying. We conclude that these signaling chemicals are regulated by interaction of PRD and nitrogen status to regulate stomatal behavior, either directly or indirectly, and thus increase PRD plant WUE under less irrigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Liguo Jia
- College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010019, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ge K, Liu X, Li X, Hu B, Li L. Isolation of an ABA Transporter-Like 1 Gene from Arachis hypogaea That Affects ABA Import and Reduces ABA Sensitivity in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1150. [PMID: 28713410 PMCID: PMC5492558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) transporters are essential for the transport of ABA from its sites of synthesis to its multiple sites of action within plants and are key players in plant stress responses. Despite their importance, there is limited information on ABA transporters in crop plants. In this study, we isolated and characterized an ABA transporter-like 1 (AhATL1) gene from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) whose cognate protein, AhATL1, is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter G subfamily and localizes to the plasma membrane. The expression of both the AhATL1 transcript and the corresponding protein were upregulated by water stress and treatment with exogenous ABA. Overexpression of AhATL1 in ecotype Columbia (Col) Arabidopsis (AhATL1-OX) plants reduced ABA sensitivity. When AhATL1-OX and Arabidopsis Col plants were subjected to dehydration stress, the expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3 (AtNCED3) and responsive to desiccation 29 A (AtRD29A) accumulated rapidly in rosette leaves of both lines. In contrast, while expression of ATP-binding cassette G 40 (AtABCG40) was increased in Col rosette leaves, there was no change in expression of AtABCG40 in AhATL1-OX leaves. Similarly, water loss from detached leaves of AhATL1-OX plants was more rapid than from Col leaves. Therefore, we suggest that the function of AhATL1 is probably to modulate ABA sensitivity by specifically influencing ABA import into cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bo Hu
- *Correspondence: Bo Hu, Ling Li,
| | - Ling Li
- *Correspondence: Bo Hu, Ling Li,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hu B, Cao J, Ge K, Li L. The site of water stress governs the pattern of ABA synthesis and transport in peanut. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32143. [PMID: 27694957 PMCID: PMC5046180 DOI: 10.1038/srep32143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the most important phytohormones involved in stress responses in plants. However, knowledge of the effect on ABA distribution and transport of water stress at different sites on the plant is limited. In this study, water stress imposed on peanut leaves or roots by treatment with PEG 6000 is termed “leaf stress” or “root stress”, respectively. Immunoenzyme localization technolony was first used to detect ABA distribution in peanut. Under root stress, ABA biosynthesis and distribution level were all more pronounced in root than in leaf. However, ABA transport and the ability to induce stomatal closure were still better in leaf than in root during root stress; However, ABA biosynthesis initially increased in leaf, then rapidly accumulated in the vascular cambium of leaves and induced stomatal closure under leaf stress; ABA produced in root tissues was also transported to leaf tissues to maintain stomatal closure. The vascular system was involved in the coordination and integration of this complex regulatory mechanism for ABA signal accumulation. Water stress subject to root or leaf results in different of ABA biosynthesis and transport ability that trigger stoma close in peanut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Kui Ge
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sah SK, Reddy KR, Li J. Abscisic Acid and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:571. [PMID: 27200044 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00571/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress conditions, which ultimately affect the yield. In stress conditions, plants develop various stress mechanism to face the magnitude of stress challenges, although that is not enough to protect them. Therefore, many strategies have been used to produce abiotic stress tolerance crop plants, among them, abscisic acid (ABA) phytohormone engineering could be one of the methods of choice. ABA is an isoprenoid phytohormone, which regulates various physiological processes ranging from stomatal opening to protein storage and provides adaptation to many stresses like drought, salt, and cold stresses. ABA is also called an important messenger that acts as the signaling mediator for regulating the adaptive response of plants to different environmental stress conditions. In this review, we will discuss the role of ABA in response to abiotic stress at the molecular level and ABA signaling. The review also deals with the effect of ABA in respect to gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Kambham R Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sah SK, Reddy KR, Li J. Abscisic Acid and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:571. [PMID: 27200044 PMCID: PMC4855980 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress conditions, which ultimately affect the yield. In stress conditions, plants develop various stress mechanism to face the magnitude of stress challenges, although that is not enough to protect them. Therefore, many strategies have been used to produce abiotic stress tolerance crop plants, among them, abscisic acid (ABA) phytohormone engineering could be one of the methods of choice. ABA is an isoprenoid phytohormone, which regulates various physiological processes ranging from stomatal opening to protein storage and provides adaptation to many stresses like drought, salt, and cold stresses. ABA is also called an important messenger that acts as the signaling mediator for regulating the adaptive response of plants to different environmental stress conditions. In this review, we will discuss the role of ABA in response to abiotic stress at the molecular level and ABA signaling. The review also deals with the effect of ABA in respect to gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K. Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Kambham R. Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi, MS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ondzighi-Assoume CA, Chakraborty S, Harris JM. Environmental Nitrate Stimulates Abscisic Acid Accumulation in Arabidopsis Root Tips by Releasing It from Inactive Stores. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:729-45. [PMID: 26887919 PMCID: PMC4826012 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling plays a major role in root system development, regulating growth and root architecture. However, the precise localization of ABA remains undetermined. Here, we present a mechanism in which nitrate signaling stimulates the release of bioactive ABA from the inactive storage form, ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE). We found that ABA accumulated in the endodermis and quiescent center of Arabidopsis thaliana root tips, mimicking the pattern of SCARECROW expression, and (to lower levels) in the vascular cylinder. Nitrate treatment increased ABA levels in root tips; this stimulation requires the activity of the endoplasmic reticulum-localized, ABA-GE-deconjugating enzyme b-GLUCOSIDASE1, but not de novo ABA biosynthesis. Immunogold labeling demonstrated that ABA is associated with cytoplasmic structures near, but not within, the endoplasmic reticulum. These findings demonstrate a mechanism for nitrate-regulated root growth via regulation of ABA accumulation in the root tip, providing insight into the environmental regulation of root growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Ondzighi-Assoume
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405 Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Sanhita Chakraborty
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Jeanne M Harris
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Janiak A, Kwaśniewski M, Szarejko I. Gene expression regulation in roots under drought. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1003-14. [PMID: 26663562 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stress signalling and regulatory networks controlling expression of target genes are the basis of plant response to drought. Roots are the first organs exposed to water deficiency in the soil and are the place of drought sensing. Signalling cascades transfer chemical signals toward the shoot and initiate molecular responses that lead to the biochemical and morphological changes that allow plants to be protected against water loss and to tolerate stress conditions. Here, we present an overview of signalling network and gene expression regulation pathways that are actively induced in roots under drought stress. In particular, the role of several transcription factor (TF) families, including DREB, AP2/ERF, NAC, bZIP, MYC, CAMTA, Alfin-like and Q-type ZFP, in the regulation of root response to drought are highlighted. The information provided includes available data on mutual interactions between these TFs together with their regulation by plant hormones and other signalling molecules. The most significant downstream target genes and molecular processes that are controlled by the regulatory factors are given. These data are also coupled with information about the influence of the described regulatory networks on root traits and root development which may translate to enhanced drought tolerance. This is the first literature survey demonstrating the gene expression regulatory machinery that is induced by drought stress, presented from the perspective of roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mirosław Kwaśniewski
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Acosta-Motos JR, Ortuño MF, Álvarez S, López-Climent MF, Gómez-Cadenas A, Sánchez-Blanco MJ. Changes in growth, physiological parameters and the hormonal status of Myrtus communis L. plants irrigated with water with different chemical compositions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 191:12-21. [PMID: 26703779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Myrtus communis, an important Mediterranean ornamental shrub, was used to study the effect of irrigation water with different chemical compositions in the plant response. A treatment with NaCl was used to establish the plant resistance to high salinity at long term. Plants were subjected to four irrigation treatments with drainage for three months: Control (0.8 dS m(-1)); two treatments using reclaimed water (RWs): RW1 (2.0 dS m(-1)) and RW2 (5.0 dS m(-1)); and NaCl (10.0 dS m(-1)). High levels of electric conductivity of RWs not affected plant growth, while NaCl decreased leaf dry weight. Coinciding with the accumulation of Na(+) and Cl(-) in the roots, soil water potential decreased, which hinders the mobilization of water to the leaves, decreasing leaf water potential. The osmotic adjustment in the NaCl treatment was due to Na(+) and Cl(-) ions, although the proline could contribute as an Osmo compatible solute, increasing the turgor plants. Also changes in cell walls rigidity minimize the negative effects on the water balance; however, a higher lipid peroxidation was observed in these plants. Stomatal closure was associated with a decrease in K(+) and an increase in abscisic acid. NaCl produced an increase in salicylic acid and did not affect jasmonic acid contents at the end of the experiment. Similar behavior in soil and leaf water potentials, although less pronounced than in NaCl, was shown in RW2 plants. The abscisic acid increased in the RW2 with respect to the control and a decrease in stomatal conductance was observed at the end of the experiment. Plants irrigated with RW1 behaved similarly to the control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Ramón Acosta-Motos
- Departamento de Riego, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Spain
| | - María Fernanda Ortuño
- Departamento de Riego, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Spain
| | - Sara Álvarez
- Departamento de Riego, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Spain
| | - María Fernanda López-Climent
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Ambiente, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Riu Sec, E-12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Ambiente, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Riu Sec, E-12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco
- Departamento de Riego, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ding L, Li Y, Wang Y, Gao L, Wang M, Chaumont F, Shen Q, Guo S. Root ABA Accumulation Enhances Rice Seedling Drought Tolerance under Ammonium Supply: Interaction with Aquaporins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1206. [PMID: 27559341 PMCID: PMC4979525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, we demonstrated that ammonium nutrition enhances the drought tolerance of rice seedlings compared to nitrate nutrition and contributes to a higher root water uptake ability. It remains unclear why rice seedlings maintain a higher water uptake ability when supplied with ammonium under drought stress. Here, we focused on the effects of nitrogen form and drought stress on root abscisic acid (ABA) concentration and aquaporin expression using hydroponics experiments and stimulating drought stress with 10% PEG6000. Drought stress decreased the leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductivity and increased the leaf temperature of plants supplied with either ammonium or nitrate, but especially under nitrate supply. After 4 h of PEG treatment, the root protoplast water permeability and the expression of root PIP and TIP genes decreased in plants supplied with ammonium or nitrate. After 24 h of PEG treatment, the root hydraulic conductivity, the protoplast water permeability, and the expression of some aquaporin genes increased in plants supplied with ammonium compared to those under non-PEG treatment. Root ABA accumulation was induced by 24 h of PEG treatment, especially in plants supplied with ammonium. The addition of exogenous ABA decreased the expression of PIP and TIP genes under non-PEG treatment but increased the expression of some of them under PEG treatment. We concluded that drought stress induced a down-regulation of aquaporin expression, which appeared earlier than did root ABA accumulation. With continued drought stress, aquaporin expression and activity increased due to root ABA accumulation in plants supplied with ammonium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yingrui Li
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Limin Gao
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - François Chaumont
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Shiwei Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abscisic Acid: Hidden Architect of Root System Structure. PLANTS 2015; 4:548-72. [PMID: 27135341 PMCID: PMC4844405 DOI: 10.3390/plants4030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants modulate root growth in response to changes in the local environment, guided by intrinsic developmental genetic programs. The hormone Abscisic Acid (ABA) mediates responses to different environmental factors, such as the presence of nitrate in the soil, water stress and salt, shaping the structure of the root system by regulating the production of lateral roots as well as controlling root elongation by modulating cell division and elongation. Curiously, ABA controls different aspects of root architecture in different plant species, perhaps providing some insight into the great diversity of root architecture in different plants, both from different taxa and from different environments. ABA is an ancient signaling pathway, acquired well before the diversification of land plants. Nonetheless, how this ancient signaling module is implemented or interacts within a larger signaling network appears to vary in different species. This review will examine the role of ABA in the control of root architecture, focusing on the regulation of lateral root formation in three plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago truncatula and Oryza sativa. We will consider how the implementation of the ABA signaling module might be a target of natural selection, to help contribute to the diversity of root architecture in nature.
Collapse
|
32
|
Dodd IC, Puértolas J, Huber K, Pérez-Pérez JG, Wright HR, Blackwell MSA. The importance of soil drying and re-wetting in crop phytohormonal and nutritional responses to deficit irrigation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2239-52. [PMID: 25628330 PMCID: PMC4986717 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil drying and re-wetting (DRW) occurs at varying frequencies and intensities during crop production, and is deliberately used in water-saving irrigation techniques that aim to enhance crop water use efficiency. Soil drying not only limits root water uptake which can (but not always) perturb shoot water status, but also alters root synthesis of phytohormones and their transport to shoots to regulate leaf growth and gas exchange. Re-wetting the soil rapidly restores leaf water potential and leaf growth (minutes to hours), but gas exchange recovers more slowly (hours to days), probably mediated by sustained changes in root to shoot phytohormonal signalling. Partial rootzone drying (PRD) deliberately irrigates only part of the rootzone, while the remainder is allowed to dry. Alternating these wet and dry zones (thus re-wetting dry soil) substantially improves crop yields compared with maintaining fixed wet and dry zones or conventional deficit irrigation, and modifies phytohormonal (especially abscisic acid) signalling. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) of rice can also improve yield compared with paddy culture, and is correlated with altered phytohormonal (including cytokinin) signalling. Both PRD and AWD can improve crop nutrition, and re-wetting dry soil provokes both physical and biological changes which affect soil nutrient availability. Whether this alters crop nutrient uptake depends on competition between plant and microbes for nutrients, with the rate of re-wetting determining microbial dynamics. Nevertheless, studies that examine the effects of soil DRW on both crop nutritional and phytohormonal responses are relatively rare; thus, determining the cause(s) of enhanced crop yields under AWD and PRD remains challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Dodd
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 1YQ, UK
| | - Jaime Puértolas
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 1YQ, UK
| | - Katrin Huber
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG 3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Hannah R Wright
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 1YQ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|