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Mei Z, Li B, Zhu S, Li Y, Yao J, Pan J, Zhang Y, Chen W. A Genome-Wide Analysis of the CEP Gene Family in Cotton and a Functional Study of GhCEP46-D05 in Plant Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4231. [PMID: 38673820 PMCID: PMC11050269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDEs (CEPs) are a class of peptide hormones that have been shown in previous studies to play an important role in regulating the development and response to abiotic stress in model plants. However, their role in cotton is not well understood. In this study, we identified 54, 59, 34, and 35 CEP genes from Gossypium hirsutum (2n = 4x = 52, AD1), G. barbadense (AD2), G. arboreum (2n = 2X = 26, A2), and G. raimondii (2n = 2X = 26, D5), respectively. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses indicate that cotton CEP proteins can be categorized into two subgroups based on the differentiation of their CEP domain. Chromosomal distribution and collinearity analyses show that most of the cotton CEP genes are situated in gene clusters, suggesting that segmental duplication may be a critical factor in CEP gene expansion. Expression pattern analyses showed that cotton CEP genes are widely expressed throughout the plant, with some genes exhibiting specific expression patterns. Ectopic expression of GhCEP46-D05 in Arabidopsis led to a significant reduction in both root length and seed size, resulting in a dwarf phenotype. Similarly, overexpression of GhCEP46-D05 in cotton resulted in reduced internode length and plant height. These findings provide a foundation for further investigation into the function of cotton CEP genes and their potential role in cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Mei
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Bei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Shouhong Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jinbo Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jingwen Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yongshan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
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Morère-Le Paven MC, Clochard T, Limami AM. NPF and NRT2 from Pisum sativum Potentially Involved in Nodule Functioning: Lessons from Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:322. [PMID: 38276779 PMCID: PMC10820289 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In addition to absorbing nitrogen from the soil, legumes have the ability to use atmospheric N2 through symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Therefore, legumes have developed mechanisms regulating nodulation in response to the amount of nitrate in the soil; in the presence of high nitrate concentrations, nodulation is inhibited, while low nitrate concentrations stimulate nodulation and nitrogen fixation. This allows the legumes to switch from soil nitrogen acquisition to symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Recently, particular interest has been given to the nitrate transporters, such as Nitrate Transporter1/Peptide transporter Family (NPF) and Nitrate Transporter 2 (NRT2), having a role in the functioning of nodules. Nitrate transporters of the two model plants, Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula, shown to have a positive and/or a negative role in nodule functioning depending on nitrate concentration, are presented in this article. In particular, the following transporters were thoroughly studied: (i) members of NPF transporters family, such as LjNPF8.6 and LjNPF3.1 in L. japonicus and MtNPF1.7 and MtNPF7.6 in M. truncatula, and (ii) members of NRT2 transporters family, such as LjNRT2.4 and LjNRT2.1 in L. japonicus and MtNRT2.1 in M. truncatula. Also, by exploiting available genomic and transcriptomic data in the literature, we have identified the complete PsNPF family in Pisum sativum (69 sequences previously described and 21 new that we have annotated) and putative nitrate transporters candidate for playing a role in nodule functioning in P. sativum.
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Taleski M, Jin M, Chapman K, Taylor K, Winning C, Frank M, Imin N, Djordjevic MA. CEP hormones at the nexus of nutrient acquisition and allocation, root development, and plant-microbe interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:538-552. [PMID: 37946363 PMCID: PMC10773996 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A growing understanding is emerging of the roles of peptide hormones in local and long-distance signalling that coordinates plant growth and development as well as responses to the environment. C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) signalling triggered by its interaction with CEP RECEPTOR 1 (CEPR1) is known to play roles in systemic nitrogen (N) demand signalling, legume nodulation, and root system architecture. Recent research provides further insight into how CEP signalling operates, which involves diverse downstream targets and interactions with other hormone pathways. Additionally, there is emerging evidence of CEP signalling playing roles in N allocation, root responses to carbon levels, the uptake of other soil nutrients such as phosphorus and sulfur, root responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plant immunity, and reproductive development. These findings suggest that CEP signalling more broadly coordinates growth across the whole plant in response to diverse environmental cues. Moreover, CEP signalling and function appear to be conserved in angiosperms. We review recent advances in CEP biology with a focus on soil nutrient uptake, root system architecture and organogenesis, and roles in plant-microbe interactions. Furthermore, we address knowledge gaps and future directions in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Taleski
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601Australia
| | - Marvin Jin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601Australia
| | - Kelly Chapman
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601Australia
| | - Katia Taylor
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Courtney Winning
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601Australia
| | - Manuel Frank
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nijat Imin
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Michael A Djordjevic
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601Australia
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4
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Chapman K, Taleski M, Frank M, Djordjevic MA. C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) and cytokinin hormone signaling intersect to promote shallow lateral root angles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:631-641. [PMID: 37688302 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA) influences the acquisition of heterogeneously dispersed soil nutrients. Cytokinin and C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) hormones affect RSA, in part by controlling the angle of lateral root (LR) growth. Both hormone pathways converge on CEP DOWNSTREAM 1 (CEPD1) and CEPD2 to control primary root growth; however, a role for CEPDs in controlling the growth angle of LRs is unknown. Using phenotyping combined with genetic and grafting approaches, we show that CEP hormone-mediated shallower LR growth requires cytokinin biosynthesis and perception in roots via ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE 2 (AHK2) and AHK3. Consistently, cytokinin biosynthesis and ahk2,3 mutants phenocopied the steeper root phenotype of cep receptor 1 (cepr1) mutants on agar plates, and CEPR1 was required for trans-Zeatin (tZ)-type cytokinin-mediated shallower LR growth. In addition, the cepd1,2 mutant was less sensitive to CEP and tZ, and showed basally steeper LRs on agar plates. Cytokinin and CEP pathway mutants were grown in rhizoboxes to define the role of these pathways in controlling RSA. Only cytokinin receptor mutants and cepd1,2 partially phenocopied the steeper-rooted phenotype of cepr1 mutants. These results show that CEP and cytokinin signaling intersect to promote shallower LR growth, but additional components contribute to the cepr1 phenotype in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Chapman
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601Australia
| | - Michael Taleski
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601Australia
| | - Manuel Frank
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael A Djordjevic
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601Australia
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5
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Skripnikov A. Bioassays for Identifying and Characterizing Plant Regulatory Peptides. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1795. [PMID: 38136666 PMCID: PMC10741408 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant peptides are a new frontier in plant biology, owing to their key regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Synthetic peptides are promising biological agents that can be used to improve crop growth and protection in an environmentally sustainable manner. Plant regulatory peptides identified in pioneering research, including systemin, PSK, HypSys, RALPH, AtPep1, CLV3, TDIF, CLE, and RGF/GLV/CLEL, hold promise for crop improvement as potent regulators of plant growth and defense. Mass spectrometry and bioinformatics are greatly facilitating the discovery and identification of new plant peptides. The biological functions of most novel plant peptides remain to be elucidated. Bioassays are an essential part in studying the biological activity of identified and putative plant peptides. Root growth assays and cultivated plant cell cultures are widely used to evaluate the regulatory potential of plant peptides during growth, differentiation, and stress reactions. These bioassays can be used as universal approaches for screening peptides from different plant species. Development of high-throughput bioassays can facilitate the screening of large numbers of identified and putative plant peptides, which have recently been discovered but remain uncharacterized for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Skripnikov
- Shemyakin—Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Mishra S, Hu W, DiGennaro P. Root-Knot-Nematode-Encoded CEPs Increase Nitrogen Assimilation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2020. [PMID: 37895402 PMCID: PMC10608282 DOI: 10.3390/life13102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
C-terminally encoded peptides (CEPs) are plant developmental signals that regulate growth and adaptive responses to nitrogen stress conditions. These small signal peptides are common to all vascular plants, and intriguingly have been characterized in some plant parasitic nematodes. Here, we sought to discover the breadth of root-knot nematode (RKN)-encoded CEP-like peptides and define the potential roles of these signals in the plant-nematode interaction, focusing on peptide activity altering plant root phenotypes and nitrogen uptake and assimilation. A comprehensive bioinformatic screen identified 61 CEP-like sequences encoded within the genomes of six root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) species. Exogenous application of an RKN CEP-like peptide altered A. thaliana and M. truncatula root phenotypes including reduced lateral root number in M. truncatula and inhibited primary root length in A. thaliana. To define the role of RKN CEP-like peptides, we applied exogenous RKN CEP and demonstrated increases in plant nitrogen uptake through the upregulation of nitrate transporter gene expression in roots and increased 15N/14N in nematode-formed root galls. Further, we also identified enhanced nematode metabolic processes following CEP application. These results support a model of parasite-induced changes in host metabolism and inform endogenous pathways to regulate plant nitrogen assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter DiGennaro
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.M.); (W.H.)
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7
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Ivanovici A, Laffont C, Larrainzar E, Patel N, Winning CS, Lee HC, Imin N, Frugier F, Djordjevic MA. The Medicago SymCEP7 hormone increases nodule number via shoots without compromising lateral root number. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:2012-2026. [PMID: 36653329 PMCID: PMC10022606 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Legumes acquire soil nutrients through nitrogen-fixing root nodules and lateral roots. To balance the costs and benefits of nodulation, legumes negatively control root nodule number by autoregulatory and hormonal pathways. How legumes simultaneously coordinate root nodule and lateral root development to procure nutrients remains poorly understood. In Medicago (Medicago truncatula), a subset of mature C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) hormones can systemically promote nodule number, but all CEP hormones tested to date negatively regulate lateral root number. Here we showed that Medicago CEP7 produces a mature peptide, SymCEP7, that promotes nodulation from the shoot without compromising lateral root number. Rhizobial inoculation induced CEP7 in the susceptible root nodulation zone in a Nod factor-dependent manner, and, in contrast to other CEP genes, its transcription level was elevated in the ethylene signaling mutant sickle. Using mass spectrometry, fluorescence microscopy and expression analysis, we demonstrated that SymCEP7 activity requires the COMPACT ROOT ARCHITECTURE 2 receptor and activates the shoot-to-root systemic effector, miR2111. Shoot-applied SymCEP7 rapidly promoted nodule number in the pM to nM range at concentrations up to five orders of magnitude lower than effects mediated by root-applied SymCEP7. Shoot-applied SymCEP7 also promoted nodule number in White Clover (Trifolium repens) and Lotus (Lotus japonicus), which suggests that this biological function may be evolutionarily conserved. We propose that SymCEP7 acts in the Medicago shoot to counter balance the autoregulation pathways induced rapidly by rhizobia to enable nodulation without compromising lateral root growth, thus promoting the acquisition of nutrients other than nitrogen to support their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Ivanovici
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Carole Laffont
- University of Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University Paris-Cité, Univ. d’Evry, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Estíbaliz Larrainzar
- Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Neha Patel
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Courtney S Winning
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Han-Chung Lee
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Nijat Imin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Florian Frugier
- University of Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University Paris-Cité, Univ. d’Evry, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michael A Djordjevic
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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8
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Liu C, Qiu Q, Zou B, Wu Q, Ye X, Wan Y, Huang J, Wu X, Sun Y, Yan H, Fan Y, Jiang L, Zheng X, Zhao G, Zou L, Xiang D. Comparative transcriptome and genome analysis unravels the response of Tatary buckwheat root to nitrogen deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:647-660. [PMID: 36796235 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Garetn.), a dicotyledonous herbaceous crop, has good adaptation to low nitrogen (LN) condition. The plasticity of roots drives the adaption of Tartary buckwheat under LN, but the detailed mechanism behind the response of TB roots to LN remains unclear. In this study, the molecular mechanism of two Tartary buckwheat genotypes' roots with contrasting sensitivity in response to LN was investigated by integrating physiological, transcriptome and whole-genome re-sequencing analysis. LN improved primary and lateral root growth of LN-sensitive genotype, whereas the roots of LN-insensitive genotype showed no response to LN. 2, 661 LN-responsive differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by transcriptome analysis. Of these genes, 17 N transport and assimilation-related and 29 hormone biosynthesis and signaling genes showed response to LN, and they may play important role in Tartary buckwheat root development under LN. The flavonoid biosynthetic genes' expression was improved by LN, and their transcriptional regulations mediated by MYB and bHLH were analyzed. 78 transcription factors, 124 small secreted peptides and 38 receptor-like protein kinases encoding genes involved in LN response. 438 genes were differentially expressed between LN-sensitive and LN-insensitive genotypes by comparing their transcriptome, including 176 LN-responsive DEGs. Furthermore, nine key LN-responsive genes with sequence variation were identified, including FtNRT2.4, FtNPF2.6 and FtMYB1R1. This paper provided useful information on the response and adaptation of Tartary buckwheat root to LN, and the candidate genes for breeding Tartary buckwheat with high N use efficiency were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Qingcheng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bangxing Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xueling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jingwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yanxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Huiling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Liangzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dabing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, PR China.
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9
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Luo Z, Wang J, Li F, Lu Y, Fang Z, Fu M, Mysore KS, Wen J, Gong J, Murray JD, Xie F. The small peptide CEP1 and the NIN-like protein NLP1 regulate NRT2.1 to mediate root nodule formation across nitrate concentrations. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:776-794. [PMID: 36440970 PMCID: PMC9940871 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Legumes acquire fixed nitrogen (N) from the soil and through endosymbiotic association with diazotrophic bacteria. However, establishing and maintaining N2-fixing nodules are expensive for the host plant, relative to taking up N from the soil. Therefore, plants suppress symbiosis when N is plentiful and enhance symbiosis when N is sparse. Here, we show that the nitrate transporter MtNRT2.1 is required for optimal nodule establishment in Medicago truncatula under low-nitrate conditions and the repression of nodulation under high-nitrate conditions. The NIN-like protein (NLP) MtNLP1 is required for MtNRT2.1 expression and regulation of nitrate uptake/transport under low- and high-nitrate conditions. Under low nitrate, the gene encoding the C-terminally encoded peptide (CEP) MtCEP1 was more highly expressed, and the exogenous application of MtCEP1 systemically promoted MtNRT2.1 expression in a compact root architecture 2 (MtCRA2)-dependent manner. The enhancement of nodulation by MtCEP1 and nitrate uptake were both impaired in the Mtnrt2.1 mutant under low nitrate. Our study demonstrates that nitrate uptake by MtNRT2.1 differentially affects nodulation at low- and high-nitrate conditions through the actions of MtCEP1 and MtNLP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuyu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijun Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengdi Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Jiming Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Lebedeva MA, Gancheva MS, Kulaeva OA, Zorin EA, Dobychkina DA, Romanyuk DA, Sulima AS, Zhukov VA, Lutova LA. Identification and Expression Analysis of the C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE Family in Pisum sativum L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14875. [PMID: 36499210 PMCID: PMC9739355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE(CEP) peptides play crucial roles in plant growth and response to environmental factors. These peptides were characterized as positive regulators of symbiotic nodule development in legume plants. However, little is known about the CEP peptide family in pea. Here, we discovered in pea genome 21 CEP genes (PsCEPs), among which three genes contained additional conserved motifs corresponding to the PIP (PAMP-induced secreted peptides) consensus sequences. We characterized the expression patterns of pea PsCEP genes based on transcriptomic data, and for six PsCEP genes with high expression levels in the root and symbiotic nodules the detailed expression analysis at different stages of symbiosis and in response to nitrate treatment was performed. We suggest that at least three PsCEP genes, PsCEP1, PsCEP7 and PsCEP2, could play a role in symbiotic nodule development, whereas the PsCEP1 and PsCEP13 genes, downregulated by nitrate addition, could be involved in regulation of nitrate-dependent processes in pea. Further functional studies are required to elucidate the functions of these PsCEP genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Lebedeva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb.7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Maria S. Gancheva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb.7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Olga A. Kulaeva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb.7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Podbelsky Sh. 3, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Zorin
- Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Podbelsky Sh. 3, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia
| | - Daria A. Dobychkina
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb.7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Daria A. Romanyuk
- Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Podbelsky Sh. 3, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia
| | - Anton S. Sulima
- Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Podbelsky Sh. 3, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Zhukov
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb.7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Podbelsky Sh. 3, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A. Lutova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb.7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
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11
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Stintzi A, Schaller A. Biogenesis of post-translationally modified peptide signals for plant reproductive development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102274. [PMID: 35977439 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Post-translationally modified peptides (PMPs) are important regulators of plant growth and development. They are derived from larger inactive precursors by post-translational modification (PTM) and proteolytic processing to result in the bioactive peptide signals. We discuss how and why these modifications contribute to the bioactivity of inflorescence deficient in abscission (IDA), phytosulfokine (PSK), and peptides of the Casparian strip integrity factor (CIF) family, as signaling molecules during reproductive development. The emerging picture suggests that PTMs evolved to increase the specificity of interaction of PMPs with cognate receptors and of PMP precursors with processing proteases. Cleavage sites in PMP precursors are recognized by subtilases (SBTs) in a highly specific manner. SBT-mediated processing results in the activation of PMP signals regulating stress-induced flower drop, the formation of the embryonic cuticle, and pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Stintzi
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaller
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
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12
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Tian D, Xie Q, Deng Z, Xue J, Li W, Zhang Z, Dai Y, Zheng B, Lu T, De Smet I, Guo Y. Small secreted peptides encoded on the wheat ( triticum aestivum L.) genome and their potential roles in stress responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1000297. [PMID: 36212358 PMCID: PMC9532867 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Small secreted peptides (SSPs) are important signals for cell-to-cell communication in plant, involved in a variety of growth and developmental processes, as well as responses to stresses. While a large number of SSPs have been identified and characterized in various plant species, little is known about SSPs in wheat, one of the most important cereal crops. In this study, 4,981 putative SSPs were identified on the wheat genome, among which 1,790 TaSSPs were grouped into 38 known SSP families. The result also suggested that a large number of the putaitive wheat SSPs, Cys-rich peptides in particular, remained to be characterized. Several TaSSP genes were found to encode multiple SSP domains, including CLE, HEVEIN and HAIRPININ domains, and two potentially novel TaSSP family DYY and CRP8CI were identified manually among unpredicted TaSSPs. Analysis on the transcriptomic data showed that a great proportion of TaSSPs were expressed in response to abiotic stresses. Exogenous application of the TaCEPID peptide encoded by TraesCS1D02G130700 enhanced the tolerance of wheat plants to drought and salinity, suggesting porential roles of SSPs in regulating stress responses in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Tian
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhichao Deng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin Xue
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zenglin Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yifei Dai
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiegang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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13
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Roy S, Müller LM. A rulebook for peptide control of legume-microbe endosymbioses. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:870-889. [PMID: 35246381 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants engage in mutually beneficial relationships with microbes, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, for optimized nutrient acquisition. In return, the microbial symbionts receive photosynthetic carbon from the plant. Both symbioses are regulated by the plant nutrient status, indicating the existence of signaling pathways that allow the host to fine-tune its interactions with the beneficial microbes depending on its nutrient requirements. Peptide hormones coordinate a plethora of developmental and physiological processes and, recently, various peptide families have gained special attention as systemic and local regulators of plant-microbe interactions and nutrient homeostasis. In this review, we identify five 'rules' or guiding principles that govern peptide function during symbiotic plant-microbe interactions, and highlight possible points of integration with nutrient acquisition pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Roy
- College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
| | - Lena Maria Müller
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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14
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Sin WC, Lam HM, Ngai SM. Identification of Diverse Stress-Responsive Xylem Sap Peptides in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158641. [PMID: 35955768 PMCID: PMC9369194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has revealed that plant secretory peptides are involved in the long-distance signaling pathways that help to regulate plant development and signal stress responses. In this study, we purified small peptides from soybean (Glycine max) xylem sap via o-chlorophenol extraction and conducted an in-depth peptidomic analysis using a mass spectrometry (MS) and bioinformatics approach. We successfully identified 14 post-translationally modified peptide groups belonging to the peptide families CEP (C-terminally encoded peptides), CLE (CLAVATA3/embryo surrounding region-related), PSY (plant peptides containing tyrosine sulfation), and XAP (xylem sap-associated peptides). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis showed unique tissue expression patterns among the peptide-encoding genes. Further qPCR analysis of some of the peptide-encoding genes showed differential stress-response profiles toward various abiotic stress factors. Targeted MS-based quantification of the nitrogen deficiency-responsive peptides, GmXAP6a and GmCEP-XSP1, demonstrated upregulation of peptide translocation in xylem sap under nitrogen-deficiency stress. Quantitative proteomic analysis of GmCEP-XSP1 overexpression in hairy soybean roots revealed that GmCEP-XSP1 significantly impacts stress response-related proteins. This study provides new insights that root-to-shoot peptide signaling plays important roles in regulating plant stress-response mechanisms.
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15
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Hsieh YH, Wei YH, Lo JC, Pan HY, Yang SY. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis enhances tomato lateral root formation by modulating CEP2 peptide expression. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:292-305. [PMID: 35358343 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant lateral root (LR) growth usually is stimulated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. We used gene expression analysis, peptide treatment and virus-induced gene alteration assays to demonstrate that C-terminally encoded peptide (CEP2) expression in tomato was downregulated during AM symbiosis to mitigate its negative effect on LR formation through an auxin-related pathway. We showed that enhanced LR density and downregulated CEP2 expression were observed during mycorrhizal symbiosis. Synthetic CEP2 peptide treatment reduced LR density and impaired the expression of genes involved in indole-3-butyric acid (IBA, the precursor of IAA) to IAA conversion, auxin polar transport and the LR-related signaling pathway; however, application of IBA or synthetic auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to the roots may rescue both defective LR formation and reduced gene expression. CEP receptor 1 (CEPR1) might be the receptor of CEP2 because its knockdown plants did not respond to CEP2 treatment. Most importantly, the LR density of CEP2 overexpression or knockdown plants could not be further increased by AM inoculation, suggesting that CEP2 was critical for AM-induced LR formation. These results indicated that AM symbiosis may regulate root development by modulating CEP2, which affects the auxin-related pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Heng Hsieh
- Institute of Plant Biology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Wei
- Institute of Plant Biology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chi Lo
- Institute of Plant Biology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Pan
- Institute of Plant Biology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Yang
- Institute of Plant Biology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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16
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Li Y, Pei Y, Shen Y, Zhang R, Kang M, Ma Y, Li D, Chen Y. Progress in the Self-Regulation System in Legume Nodule Development-AON (Autoregulation of Nodulation). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126676. [PMID: 35743118 PMCID: PMC9224500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation and development of legumes nodules requires a lot of energy. Legumes must strictly control the number and activity of nodules to ensure efficient energy distribution. The AON system can limit the number of rhizobia infections and nodule numbers through the systemic signal pathway network that the aboveground and belowground parts participate in together. It can also promote the formation of nodules when plants are deficient in nitrogen. The currently known AON pathway includes four parts: soil NO3− signal and Rhizobium signal recognition and transmission, CLE-SUNN is the negative regulation pathway, CEP-CRA2 is the positive regulation pathway and the miR2111/TML module regulates nodule formation and development. In order to ensure the biological function of this important approach, plants use a variety of plant hormones, polypeptides, receptor kinases, transcription factors and miRNAs for signal transmission and transcriptional regulation. This review summarizes and discusses the research progress of the AON pathway in Legume nodule development.
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17
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Metabolic Profiles Reveal Changes in the Leaves and Roots of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings under Nitrogen Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105784. [PMID: 35628591 PMCID: PMC9142919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop species and plays a crucial role in supplying edible oil worldwide. However, rapeseed production in the field is often severely inhibited due to nitrogen (N) deficiency. Metabolites play key roles in plant growth and resistance to environmental stress, but little is known about the differential synthesis and accumulation of metabolites underlying rapeseed adaptation to N deficiency. Here, we studied the phenotypic response and used LC–electrospray ionization (ESI), ESI–MS/MS, and widely untargeted metabolomic approaches to detect differences in rapeseed under normal N (HN) and N-deficient (LN) conditions. The results showed that N deficiency severely inhibited rapeseed shoot growth and promoted rapeseed root architectural changes under LN conditions. In total, 574 metabolites were detected, and there were 175 and 166 differentially accumulated metabolites in the leaves and roots between the HN and LN conditions, respectively. The significantly differentially accumulated metabolites were involved in four primary metabolic pathways, namely, sucrose, phenylalanine, amino acid, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism. Notably, we found that plant hormones have distinct accumulation patterns in rapeseed and coordinate to play crucial roles in both maintaining growth and protecting against damage from plant disease under HN and LN conditions. Moreover, our results indicated that flavonoid compounds, especially anthocyanins and rutin, may play important roles in increasing root cell resistance to oxidative damage and soil pathogen infections. Overall, this work provides valuable information for understanding the overall metabolite changes in rapeseed under N deficiency conditions, which may be beneficial for improving and producing new varieties of rapeseed capable of high yields under low N conditions.
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18
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Hu XL, Zhang J, Kaundal R, Kataria R, Labbé JL, Mitchell JC, Tschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, Cheng ZM(M, Yang X. Diversity and conservation of plant small secreted proteins associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac043. [PMID: 35184190 PMCID: PMC8985099 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) is widespread mutualistic association between plants and fungi, which plays an essential role in nutrient exchange, enhancement in plant stress resistance, development of host, and ecosystem sustainability. Previous studies have shown that plant small secreted proteins (SSPs) are involved in beneficial symbiotic interactions. However, the role of SSPs in the evolution of AMS has not been well studied yet. In this study, we performed computational analysis of SSPs in 60 plant species and identified three AMS-specific ortholog groups containing SSPs only from at least 30% of the AMS species in this study and three AMS-preferential ortholog groups containing SSPs from both AMS and non-AMS species, with AMS species containing significantly more SSPs than non-AMS species. We found that independent lineages of monocot and eudicot plants contained genes in the AMS-specific ortholog groups and had significant expansion in the AMS-preferential ortholog groups. Also, two AMS-preferential ortholog groups showed convergent changes, between monocot and eudicot species, in gene expression in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. Furthermore, conserved cis-elements were identified in the promoter regions of the genes showing convergent gene expression. We found that the SSPs, and their closely related homologs, in each of three AMS-preferential ortholog groups, had some local variations in the protein structural alignment. We also identified genes co-expressed with the Populus trichocarpa SSP genes in the AMS-preferential ortholog groups. This first plant kingdom-wide analysis on SSP provides insights on plant-AMS convergent evolution with specific SSP gene expression and local diversification of protein structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Hu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Rakesh Kaundal
- Department of Plants, Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Raghav Kataria
- Department of Plants, Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Jesse L Labbé
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Julie C Mitchell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Timothy J Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Zong-Ming (Max) Cheng
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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19
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Roy S, Griffiths M, Torres-Jerez I, Sanchez B, Antonelli E, Jain D, Krom N, Zhang S, York LM, Scheible WR, Udvardi M. Application of Synthetic Peptide CEP1 Increases Nutrient Uptake Rates Along Plant Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:793145. [PMID: 35046980 PMCID: PMC8763272 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.793145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The root system of a plant provides vital functions including resource uptake, storage, and anchorage in soil. The uptake of macro-nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulphur (S) from the soil is critical for plant growth and development. Small signaling peptide (SSP) hormones are best known as potent regulators of plant growth and development with a few also known to have specialized roles in macronutrient utilization. Here we describe a high throughput phenotyping platform for testing SSP effects on root uptake of multiple nutrients. The SSP, CEP1 (C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE) enhanced nitrate uptake rate per unit root length in Medicago truncatula plants deprived of N in the high-affinity transport range. Single structural variants of M. truncatula and Arabidopsis thaliana specific CEP1 peptides, MtCEP1D1:hyp4,11 and AtCEP1:hyp4,11, enhanced uptake not only of nitrate, but also phosphate and sulfate in both model plant species. Transcriptome analysis of Medicago roots treated with different MtCEP1 encoded peptide domains revealed that hundreds of genes respond to these peptides, including several nitrate transporters and a sulfate transporter that may mediate the uptake of these macronutrients downstream of CEP1 signaling. Likewise, several putative signaling pathway genes including LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT RECPTOR-LIKE KINASES and Myb domain containing transcription factors, were induced in roots by CEP1 treatment. Thus, a scalable method has been developed for screening synthetic peptides of potential use in agriculture, with CEP1 shown to be one such peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Roy
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
- College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | | | - Bailey Sanchez
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | | | - Divya Jain
- College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nicholas Krom
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Shulan Zhang
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Larry M. York
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
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20
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Liu Y, Zuo T, Qiu Z, Zhuang K, Hu S, Han H. Genome-wide identification reveals the function of CEP peptide in cucumber root development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:119-126. [PMID: 34775178 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
C-Terminally Encoded (CEP) peptides are crucial plant growth regulators. Nevertheless, their physiological roles in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), an essential worldwide economical vegetable, remains untapped. In this study, 6 cucumber CEP (CsCEP) genes were identified. A comprehensive analysis showed that the CsCEP proteins displayed conserved characteristics to the identified CEP protein members in other species. CsCEP genes expression levels were variant in cucumber tissues, and were also differentially induced by several environmental factors, suggesting distinct and overlapping roles of CsCEPs in various cucumber developmental processes. We further revealed that synthetic CsCEP4 peptide promoted cucumber primary root growth in a reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent manner. Overall, our work will provide fundamental insights into the crucial physiological roles of small bioactive peptides during cucumber root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Liu
- Research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingting Zuo
- Research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Ziwen Qiu
- Research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Keqing Zhuang
- Research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Songping Hu
- Research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetics and Breeding of Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang, China.
| | - Huibin Han
- Research Center of Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China.
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21
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Lee HC, Binos S, Chapman K, Pulsford SB, Ivanovici A, Rathjen JP, Djordjevic MA. A new method to visualize CEP hormone-CEP receptor interactions in vascular tissue in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6164-6174. [PMID: 34059899 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDEs (CEPs) control diverse responses in plants including root development, root system architecture, nitrogen demand signalling, and nutrient allocation that influences yield, and there is evidence that different ligands impart different phenotypic responses. Thus, there is a need for a simple method that identifies bona fide CEP hormone-receptor pairings in vivo and examines whether different CEP family peptides bind the same receptor. We used formaldehyde or photoactivation to cross-link fluorescently tagged group 1 or group 2 CEPs to receptors in semi-purified Medicago truncatula or Arabidopsis thaliana leaf vascular tissues to verify that COMPACT ROOT ARCHITECTURE 2 (CRA2) is the Medicago CEP receptor, and to investigate whether sequence diversity within the CEP family influences receptor binding. Formaldehyde cross-linked the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-tagged Medicago group 1 CEP (MtCEP1) to wild-type Medicago or Arabidopsis vascular tissue cells, but not to the CEP receptor mutants, cra2 or cepr1. Binding competition showed that unlabelled MtCEP1 displaces FITC-MtCEP1 from CRA2. In contrast, the group 2 CEP, FITC-AtCEP14, bound to vascular tissue independently of CEPR1 or CRA2, and AtCEP14 did not complete with FITC-MtCEP1 to bind CEP receptors. The binding of a photoactivatable FITC-MtCEP1 to the periphery of Medicago vascular cells suggested that CRA2 localizes to the plasma membrane. We separated and visualized a fluorescent 105 kDa protein corresponding to the photo-cross-linked FITC-MtCEP1-CRA2 complex using SDS-PAGE. Mass spectrometry identified CRA2-specific peptides in this protein band. The results indicate that FITC-MtCEP1 binds to CRA2, MtCRA2 and AtCEPR1 are functionally equivalent, and the binding specificities of group 1 and group 2 CEPs are distinct. Using formaldehyde or photoactivated cross-linking of biologically active, fluorescently tagged ligands may find wider utility by identifying CEP-CEP receptor pairings in diverse plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chung Lee
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Steve Binos
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kelly Chapman
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sacha B Pulsford
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ariel Ivanovici
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - John P Rathjen
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael A Djordjevic
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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22
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Hu XL, Lu H, Hassan MM, Zhang J, Yuan G, Abraham PE, Shrestha HK, Villalobos Solis MI, Chen JG, Tschaplinski TJ, Doktycz MJ, Tuskan GA, Cheng ZMM, Yang X. Advances and perspectives in discovery and functional analysis of small secreted proteins in plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:130. [PMID: 34059650 PMCID: PMC8167165 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Small secreted proteins (SSPs) are less than 250 amino acids in length and are actively transported out of cells through conventional protein secretion pathways or unconventional protein secretion pathways. In plants, SSPs have been found to play important roles in various processes, including plant growth and development, plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses, and beneficial plant-microbe interactions. Over the past 10 years, substantial progress has been made in the identification and functional characterization of SSPs in several plant species relevant to agriculture, bioenergy, and horticulture. Yet, there are potentially a lot of SSPs that have not been discovered in plant genomes, which is largely due to limitations of existing computational algorithms. Recent advances in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics research, as well as the development of new computational algorithms based on machine learning, provide unprecedented capabilities for genome-wide discovery of novel SSPs in plants. In this review, we summarize known SSPs and their functions in various plant species. Then we provide an update on the computational and experimental approaches that can be used to discover new SSPs. Finally, we discuss strategies for elucidating the biological functions of SSPs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Hu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Haiwei Lu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Paul E Abraham
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Him K Shrestha
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Timothy J Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Mitchel J Doktycz
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Zong-Ming Max Cheng
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
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23
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Luo Z, Lin JS, Zhu Y, Fu M, Li X, Xie F. NLP1 reciprocally regulates nitrate inhibition of nodulation through SUNN-CRA2 signaling in Medicago truncatula. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100183. [PMID: 34027396 PMCID: PMC8132174 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Most legume plants can associate with diazotrophic soil bacteria called rhizobia, resulting in new root organs called nodules that enable N2 fixation. Nodulation is an energy-consuming process, and nodule number is tightly regulated by independent systemic signaling pathways controlled by CLE/SUNN and CEP/CRA2. Moreover, nitrate inhibits legume nodulation via local and systemic regulatory pathways. In Medicago truncatula, NLP1 plays important roles in nitrate-induced inhibition of nodulation, but the relationship between systemic and local pathways in mediating nodulation inhibition by nitrate is poorly understood. In this study, we found that nitrate induces CLE35 expression in an NLP1-dependent manner and that NLP1 binds directly to the CLE35 promoter to activate its expression. Grafting experiments revealed that the systemic control of nodule number involves negative regulation by SUNN and positive regulation by CRA2 in the shoot, and that NLP1's control of the inhibition of rhizobial infection, nodule development, and nitrogenase activity in response to nitrate is determined by the root. Unexpectedly, grafting experiments showed that loss of CRA2 in the root increases nodule number at inhibitory nitrate levels, probably because of CEP1/2 upregulation in the cra2 mutants, suggesting that CRA2 exerts active negative feedback regulation in the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-shun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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24
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Zhu F, Ye Q, Chen H, Dong J, Wang T. Multigene editing reveals that MtCEP1/2/12 redundantly control lateral root and nodule number in Medicago truncatula. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3661-3676. [PMID: 33640986 PMCID: PMC8096600 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The multimember CEP (C-terminally Encoded Peptide) gene family is a complex group that is involved in various physiological activities in plants. Previous studies demonstrated that MtCEP1 and MtCEP7 control lateral root formation or nodulation, but these studies were based only on gain of function or artificial miRNA (amiRNA)/RNAi approaches, never knockout mutants. Moreover, an efficient multigene editing toolkit is not currently available for Medicago truncatula. Our quantitative reverse transcription-PCR data showed that MtCEP1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, and 13 were up-regulated under nitrogen starvation conditions and that MtCEP1, 2, 7, 9, and 12 were induced by rhizobial inoculation. Treatment with synthetic MtCEP peptides of MtCEP1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 repressed lateral root emergence and promoted nodulation in the R108 wild type but not in the cra2 mutant. We optimized CRISPR/Cas9 [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9] genome editing system for M. truncatula, and thus created single mutants of MtCEP1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 and the double mutants Mtcep1/2C and Mtcep5/8C; however, these mutants did not exhibit significant differences from R108. Furthermore, a triple mutant Mtcep1/2/12C and a quintuple mutant Mtcep1/2/5/8/12C were generated and exhibited more lateral roots and fewer nodules than R108. Overall, MtCEP1, 2, and 12 were confirmed to be redundantly important in the control of lateral root number and nodulation. Moreover, the CRISPR/Cas9-based multigene editing protocol provides an additional tool for research on the model legume M. truncatula, which is highly efficient at multigene mutant generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Grassland Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinyi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Grassland Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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25
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Zhang J, Yue L, Wu X, Liu H, Wang W. Function of Small Peptides During Male-Female Crosstalk in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671196. [PMID: 33968121 PMCID: PMC8102694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant peptides secreted as signal molecular to trigger cell-to-cell signaling are indispensable for plant growth and development. Successful sexual reproduction in plants requires extensive communication between male and female gametophytes, their gametes, and with the surrounding sporophytic tissues. In the past decade, it has been well-documented that small peptides participate in many important reproductive processes such as self-incompatibility, pollen tube growth, pollen tube guidance, and gamete interaction. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the peptides regulating the processes of male-female crosstalk in plant, aiming at systematizing the knowledge on the sexual reproduction, and signaling of plant peptides in future.
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26
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Gautrat P, Laffont C, Frugier F, Ruffel S. Nitrogen Systemic Signaling: From Symbiotic Nodulation to Root Acquisition. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:392-406. [PMID: 33358560 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant nutrient acquisition is tightly regulated by resource availability and metabolic needs, implying the existence of communication between roots and shoots to ensure their integration at the whole-plant level. Here, we focus on systemic signaling pathways controlling nitrogen (N) nutrition, achieved both by the root import of mineral N and, in legume plants, through atmospheric N fixation by symbiotic bacteria inside dedicated root nodules. We explore features conserved between systemic pathways repressing or enhancing symbiotic N fixation and the regulation of mineral N acquisition by roots, as well as their integration with other environmental factors, such as phosphate, light, and CO2 availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gautrat
- IPS2 (Institute of Plant Sciences - Paris Saclay), CNRS, INRAe, Université Paris-Diderot, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carole Laffont
- IPS2 (Institute of Plant Sciences - Paris Saclay), CNRS, INRAe, Université Paris-Diderot, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florian Frugier
- IPS2 (Institute of Plant Sciences - Paris Saclay), CNRS, INRAe, Université Paris-Diderot, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Sandrine Ruffel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAe, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
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27
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Lee HC, Carroll A, Crossett B, Connolly A, Batarseh A, Djordjevic MA. Improving the Identification and Coverage of Plant Transmembrane Proteins in Medicago Using Bottom-Up Proteomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:595726. [PMID: 33391307 PMCID: PMC7775423 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.595726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant transmembrane proteins (TMPs) are essential for normal cellular homeostasis, nutrient exchange, and responses to environmental cues. Commonly used bottom-up proteomic approaches fail to identify a broad coverage of peptide fragments derived from TMPs. Here, we used mass spectrometry (MS) to compare the effectiveness of two solubilization and protein cleavage methods to identify shoot-derived TMPs from the legume Medicago. We compared a urea solubilization, trypsin Lys-C (UR-TLC) cleavage method to a formic acid solubilization, cyanogen bromide and trypsin Lys-C (FA-CTLC) cleavage method. We assessed the effectiveness of these methods by (i) comparing total protein identifications, (ii) determining how many TMPs were identified, and (iii) defining how many peptides incorporate all, or part, of transmembrane domains (TMD) sequences. The results show that the FA-CTLC method identified nine-fold more TMDs, and enriched more hydrophobic TMPs than the UR-TLC method. FA-CTLC identified more TMPs, particularly transporters, whereas UR-TLC preferentially identified TMPs with one TMD, particularly signaling proteins. The results suggest that combining plant membrane purification techniques with both the FA-CTLC and UR-TLC methods will achieve a more complete identification and coverage of TMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chung Lee
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Adam Carroll
- ANU Joint Mass Spectrometry Facility, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ben Crossett
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela Connolly
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amani Batarseh
- BCAL Diagnostics, National Innovation Centre, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael A. Djordjevic
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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28
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Aggarwal S, Kumar A, Jain M, Sudan J, Singh K, Kumari S, Mustafiz A. C-terminally encoded peptides (CEPs) are potential mediators of abiotic stress response in plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2019-2033. [PMID: 33088046 PMCID: PMC7548271 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular signaling is a critical determinant of the normal growth and development of plants. Signaling peptides, also known as peptide hormones, along with classical phytohormones, are the significant players of plant intracellular signaling. C-terminally encoded peptide (CEP), a 15-amino acid post-translationally peptide identified in Arabidopsis, plays a pivotal role in lateral root formation, nodulation, and act as long-distance root to shoot signaling molecule in N-starvation conditions. Expression of CEP gene members in Arabidopsis is perturbed by nitrogen starvation; however, not much is known regarding their role in other abiotic stress conditions. To gain a comprehensive insight into CEP biology, we identified CEP genes across diverse plant genera (Glycine max, Sorghum bicolor, Brassica rapa, Zea mays, and Oryza sativa) using bioinformatics tools. In silico promoter analysis revealed that CEP gene promoters show an abundance of abiotic stress-responsive elements suggesting a possible role of CEPs in abiotic stress signaling. Spatial and temporal expression patterns of CEP via RNA seq and microarray revealed that various CEP genes are transcriptionally regulated in response to abiotic stresses. Validation of rice CEP genes expression by qRT-PCR showed that OsCEP1, OsCEP8, OsCEP9, and OsCEP10 were highly upregulated in response to different abiotic stress conditions. Our findings suggest these CEP genes might be important mediators of the abiotic stress response and warrant further overexpression/knockout studies to delineate their precise role in abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Aggarwal
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Muskan Jain
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Jebi Sudan
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, 180009 India
| | - Kapil Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Sumita Kumari
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, 180009 India
| | - Ananda Mustafiz
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021 India
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29
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Villalobos Solis MI, Poudel S, Bonnot C, Shrestha HK, Hettich RL, Veneault-Fourrey C, Martin F, Abraham PE. A Viable New Strategy for the Discovery of Peptide Proteolytic Cleavage Products in Plant-Microbe Interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:1177-1188. [PMID: 32597696 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-20-0082-ta] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Small peptides that are proteolytic cleavage products (PCPs) of less than 100 amino acids are emerging as key signaling molecules that mediate cell-to-cell communication and biological processes that occur between and within plants, fungi, and bacteria. Yet, the discovery and characterization of these molecules is largely overlooked. Today, selective enrichment and subsequent characterization by mass spectrometry-based sequencing offers the greatest potential for their comprehensive characterization, however qualitative and quantitative performance metrics are rarely captured. Herein, we addressed this need by benchmarking the performance of an enrichment strategy, optimized specifically for small PCPs, using state-of-the-art de novo-assisted peptide sequencing. As a case study, we implemented this approach to identify PCPs from different root and foliar tissues of the hybrid poplar Populus × canescens 717-1B4 in interaction with the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor. In total, we identified 1,660 and 2,870 Populus and L. bicolor unique PCPs, respectively. Qualitative results supported the identification of well-known PCPs, like the mature form of the photosystem II complex 5-kDa protein (approximately 3 kDa). A total of 157 PCPs were determined to be significantly more abundant in root tips with established ectomycorrhiza when compared with root tips without established ectomycorrhiza and extramatrical mycelium of L. bicolor. These PCPs mapped to 64 Populus proteins and 69 L. bicolor proteins in our database, with several of them previously implicated in biologically relevant associations between plant and fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel I Villalobos Solis
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
| | - Suresh Poudel
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A
| | - Clemence Bonnot
- UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine 'Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, Centre INRA-Lorraine, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Him K Shrestha
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
| | - Robert L Hettich
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A
| | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine 'Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, Centre INRA-Lorraine, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Francis Martin
- UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine 'Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, Centre INRA-Lorraine, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Paul E Abraham
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A
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30
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Lin J, Frank M, Reid D. No Home without Hormones: How Plant Hormones Control Legume Nodule Organogenesis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100104. [PMID: 33367261 PMCID: PMC7747975 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of symbiotic nitrogen fixation requires the coordination of both nodule development and infection events. Despite the evolution of a variety of anatomical structures, nodule organs serve a common purpose in establishing a localized area that facilitates efficient nitrogen fixation. As in all plant developmental processes, the establishment of a new nodule organ is regulated by plant hormones. During nodule initiation, regulation of plant hormone signaling is one of the major targets of symbiotic signaling. We review the role of major developmental hormones in the initiation of the nodule organ and argue that the manipulation of plant hormones is a key requirement for engineering nitrogen fixation in non-legumes as the basis for improved food security and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieshun Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Manuel Frank
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dugald Reid
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Corresponding author
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31
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Wang R, Shi C, Wang X, Li R, Meng Y, Cheng L, Qi M, Xu T, Li T. Tomato SlIDA has a critical role in tomato fertilization by modifying reactive oxygen species homeostasis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:2100-2118. [PMID: 32573872 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Anther development and pollen tube elongation are key steps for pollination and fertilization. The timing and spatial distribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and programmed cell death are central to these processes, but the regulatory mechanism of ROS production is not well understood. Inflorescence deficient in abscission (IDA) is implicated in many plant development and responses to environmental stimuli. However, their role in reproductive development is still unknown. We generated tomato knockout lines (CR-slida) of an IDA homolog (SlIDA), which is expressed in the tapetum, septum and pollen tube, and observed a severe defect in male gametes. Further analysis indicated that there was a programmed cell death defect in the tapetum and septum and a failure of anther dehiscence in the CR-slida lines, likely related to insufficient ROS signal. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified mature SlIDA as a 14-mer EPIP peptide, which was shown to be secreted, and a complementation experiment showed that application of a synthetic 14-mer EPIP peptide rescued the CR-slida defect and enhanced the ROS signal. Moreover, the application of the ROS scavengers diphenyleneiodonium or Mn-TMPP suppressed peptide function. Collectively, our results revealed that SlIDA plays an essential role in pollen development and pollen tube elongation by modulating ROS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - ChunLin Shi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, 0316, Norway
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Meng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lina Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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32
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Zhu F, Deng J, Chen H, Liu P, Zheng L, Ye Q, Li R, Brault M, Wen J, Frugier F, Dong J, Wang T. A CEP Peptide Receptor-Like Kinase Regulates Auxin Biosynthesis and Ethylene Signaling to Coordinate Root Growth and Symbiotic Nodulation in Medicago truncatula. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2855-2877. [PMID: 32887805 PMCID: PMC7474297 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Because of the large amount of energy consumed during symbiotic nitrogen fixation, legumes must balance growth and symbiotic nodulation. Both lateral roots and nodules form on the root system, and the developmental coordination of these organs under conditions of reduced nitrogen (N) availability remains elusive. We show that the Medicago truncatula COMPACT ROOT ARCHITECTURE2 (MtCRA2) receptor-like kinase is essential to promote the initiation of early symbiotic nodulation and to inhibit root growth in response to low N. C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (MtCEP1) peptides can activate MtCRA2 under N-starvation conditions, leading to a repression of YUCCA2 (MtYUC2) auxin biosynthesis gene expression, and therefore of auxin root responses. Accordingly, the compact root architecture phenotype of cra2 can be mimicked by an auxin treatment or by overexpressing MtYUC2, and conversely, a treatment with YUC inhibitors or an MtYUC2 knockout rescues the cra2 root phenotype. The MtCEP1-activated CRA2 can additionally interact with and phosphorylate the MtEIN2 ethylene signaling component at Ser643 and Ser924, preventing its cleavage and thereby repressing ethylene responses, thus locally promoting the root susceptibility to rhizobia. In agreement with this interaction, the cra2 low nodulation phenotype is rescued by an ein2 mutation. Overall, by reducing auxin biosynthesis and inhibiting ethylene signaling, the MtCEP1/MtCRA2 pathway balances root and nodule development under low-N conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Grassland Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Grassland Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qinyi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mathias Brault
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Florian Frugier
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Jiangli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Smith S, Zhu S, Joos L, Roberts I, Nikonorova N, Vu LD, Stes E, Cho H, Larrieu A, Xuan W, Goodall B, van de Cotte B, Waite JM, Rigal A, Ramans Harborough S, Persiau G, Vanneste S, Kirschner GK, Vandermarliere E, Martens L, Stahl Y, Audenaert D, Friml J, Felix G, Simon R, Bennett MJ, Bishopp A, De Jaeger G, Ljung K, Kepinski S, Robert S, Nemhauser J, Hwang I, Gevaert K, Beeckman T, De Smet I. The CEP5 Peptide Promotes Abiotic Stress Tolerance, As Revealed by Quantitative Proteomics, and Attenuates the AUX/IAA Equilibrium in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1248-1262. [PMID: 32404488 PMCID: PMC8011570 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides derived from non-functional precursors play important roles in various developmental processes, but also in (a)biotic stress signaling. Our (phospho)proteome-wide analyses of C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE 5 (CEP5)-mediated changes revealed an impact on abiotic stress-related processes. Drought has a dramatic impact on plant growth, development and reproduction, and the plant hormone auxin plays a role in drought responses. Our genetic, physiological, biochemical, and pharmacological results demonstrated that CEP5-mediated signaling is relevant for osmotic and drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis, and that CEP5 specifically counteracts auxin effects. Specifically, we found that CEP5 signaling stabilizes AUX/IAA transcriptional repressors, suggesting the existence of a novel peptide-dependent control mechanism that tunes auxin signaling. These observations align with the recently described role of AUX/IAAs in stress tolerance and provide a novel role for CEP5 in osmotic and drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Smith
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Shanshuo Zhu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Joos
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ianto Roberts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Natalia Nikonorova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hyunwoo Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Antoine Larrieu
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Goodall
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte van de Cotte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jessic Marie Waite
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adeline Rigal
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sigurd Ramans Harborough
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Geert Persiau
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gwendolyn K Kirschner
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elien Vandermarliere
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Martens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvonne Stahl
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominique Audenaert
- Screening Core, Gent, Belgium; Expertise Centre for Bioassay Development and Screening (C-BIOS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jirí Friml
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University (MU), Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Georg Felix
- Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Plant Biochemistry, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Simon
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom; Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Kepinski
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Robert
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Nemhauser
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ildoo Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
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Laffont C, Ivanovici A, Gautrat P, Brault M, Djordjevic MA, Frugier F. The NIN transcription factor coordinates CEP and CLE signaling peptides that regulate nodulation antagonistically. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3167. [PMID: 32576831 PMCID: PMC7311451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes tightly regulate nodule number to balance the cost of supporting symbiotic rhizobia with the benefits of nitrogen fixation. C-terminally Encoded Peptides (CEPs) and CLAVATA3-like (CLE) peptides positively and negatively regulate nodulation, respectively, through independent systemic pathways, but how these regulations are coordinated remains unknown. Here, we show that rhizobia, Nod Factors, and cytokinins induce a symbiosis-specific CEP gene, MtCEP7, which positively regulates rhizobial infection. Via grafting and split root studies, we reveal that MtCEP7 increases nodule number systemically through the MtCRA2 receptor. MtCEP7 and MtCLE13 expression in rhizobia-inoculated roots rely on the MtCRE1 cytokinin receptor and on the MtNIN transcription factor. MtNIN binds and transactivates MtCEP7 and MtCLE13, and a NIN Binding Site (NBS) identified within the proximal MtCEP7 promoter is required for its symbiotic activation. Overall, these results demonstrate that a cytokinin-MtCRE1-MtNIN regulatory module coordinates the expression of two antagonistic, symbiosis-related, peptide hormones from different families to fine-tune nodule number. CLE and CEP peptides regulate rhizobial symbiosis in legumes to balance the benefits of nitrogen fixation with the metabolic costs of nodule production. Here Laffont et al. show that cytokinin and bacterial Nod factors induce Medicago CEP7 which acts antagonistically to CLE13 to fine-tune nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Laffont
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Univ d'Evry, Université de Paris; Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ariel Ivanovici
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Pierre Gautrat
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Univ d'Evry, Université de Paris; Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mathias Brault
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Univ d'Evry, Université de Paris; Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michael Anthony Djordjevic
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Florian Frugier
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Univ d'Evry, Université de Paris; Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Chapman K, Ivanovici A, Taleski M, Sturrock CJ, Ng JLP, Mohd-Radzman NA, Frugier F, Bennett MJ, Mathesius U, Djordjevic MA. CEP receptor signalling controls root system architecture in Arabidopsis and Medicago. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1809-1821. [PMID: 32048296 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA) influences the effectiveness of resources acquisition from soils but the genetic networks that control RSA remain largely unclear. We used rhizoboxes, X-ray computed tomography, grafting, auxin transport measurements and hormone quantification to demonstrate that Arabidopsis and Medicago CEP (C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE)-CEP RECEPTOR signalling controls RSA, the gravitropic set-point angle (GSA) of lateral roots (LRs), auxin levels and auxin transport. We showed that soil-grown Arabidopsis and Medicago CEP receptor mutants have a narrower RSA, which results from a steeper LR GSA. Grafting showed that CEPR1 in the shoot controls GSA. CEP receptor mutants exhibited an increase in rootward auxin transport and elevated shoot auxin levels. Consistently, the application of auxin to wild-type shoots induced a steeper GSA and auxin transport inhibitors counteracted the CEP receptor mutant's steep GSA phenotype. Concordantly, CEP peptides increased GSA and inhibited rootward auxin transport in wild-type but not in CEP receptor mutants. The results indicated that CEP-CEP receptor-dependent signalling outputs in Arabidopsis and Medicago control overall RSA, LR GSA, shoot auxin levels and rootward auxin transport. We propose that manipulating CEP signalling strength or CEP receptor downstream targets may provide means to alter RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Chapman
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ariel Ivanovici
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Michael Taleski
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Craig J Sturrock
- The Hounsfield Facility, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jason L P Ng
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nadiatul A Mohd-Radzman
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Florian Frugier
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, Université, Paris Sud, Université, Paris Diderot, INRA, Univ d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ulrike Mathesius
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Michael A Djordjevic
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Taleski M, Chapman K, Imin N, Djordjevic MA, Groszmann M. The Peptide Hormone Receptor CEPR1 Functions in the Reproductive Tissue to Control Seed Size and Yield. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:620-636. [PMID: 32317363 PMCID: PMC7271795 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDES (CEPs) with CEP RECEPTOR1 (CEPR1) controls root growth and development, as well as nitrate uptake, but has no known role in determining yield. We used physiological, microscopic, molecular, and grafting approaches to demonstrate a reproductive tissue-specific role for CEPR1 in controlling yield and seed size. Independent Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cepr1 null mutants showed disproportionately large reductions in yield and seed size relative to their decreased vegetative growth. These yield defects correlated with compromised reproductive development predominantly in female tissues, as well as chlorosis, and the accumulation of anthocyanins in cepr1 reproductive tissues. The thinning of competing reproductive organs to improve source-to-sink ratios in cepr1, along with reciprocal bolt-grafting experiments, demonstrated that CEPR1 acts locally in the reproductive bolt to control yield and seed size. CEPR1 is expressed throughout the vasculature of reproductive organs, including in the chalazal seed coat, but not in other seed tissues. This expression pattern implies that CEPR1 controls yield and seed size from the maternal tissue. The complementation of cepr1 mutants with transgenic CEPR1 rescued the yield and other phenotypes. Transcriptional analyses of cepr1 bolts showed alterations in the expression levels of several genes of the CEP-CEPR1 and nitrogen homeostasis pathways. This transcriptional profile was consistent with cepr1 bolts being nitrogen deficient and with a reproductive tissue-specific function for CEP-CEPR1 signaling. The results reveal a local role for CEPR1 in the maternal reproductive tissue in determining seed size and yield, likely via the control of nitrogen delivery to the reproductive sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Taleski
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Kelly Chapman
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Nijat Imin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Djordjevic
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Michael Groszmann
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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Chen YL, Fan KT, Hung SC, Chen YR. The role of peptides cleaved from protein precursors in eliciting plant stress reactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2267-2282. [PMID: 31595506 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to diverse abiotic and biotic stresses, and thus have developed complex signaling mechanisms that orchestrate multiple stress responses. Plant peptides have recently emerged as key signaling molecules of stress responses, not only to mechanical wounding and pathogen infection but also to nutrient imbalance, drought and high salinity. The currently identified stress-related signaling peptides in plants are derived from proteolytic processing of protein precursors. Here, we review these protein-derived peptides and the evidence for their functions in stress signaling. We recommend potential research directions that could clarify their roles in stress biology, and propose possible crosstalk with regard to the physiological outcome. The stress-centric perspective allows us to highlight the crucial roles of peptides in regulating the dynamics of stress physiology. Inspired by historic and recent findings, we review how peptides initiate complex molecular interactions to coordinate biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Lan Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ting Fan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chi Hung
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Li Q, Li M, Zhang D, Yu L, Yan J, Luo L. The peptide-encoding MtRGF3 gene negatively regulates nodulation of Medicago truncatula. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 523:66-71. [PMID: 31831172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Leguminous root nodules specifically induced by rhizobium species fix nitrogen gas to gain nitrogen sources, which is important in sustainable agriculture and ecological balance. Several peptide signals are reported to be involved in regulation of legume nodule number and development. There are fifteen genes coding Root Meristem Growth Factor (RGF) peptide in Medicago truncatula, herein we find the expression of MtRGF3 is significantly induced by Sinorhizobium meliloti with production of Nod factors. The gene promoter is active in nodule primordia, young nodules and the meristem region of mature nodules. Knock-down (RNAi) roots of the gene (MtRGF3-RNAi) formed more root nodules than the empty vector control, and the nodule number decreased in MtRGF3-overexpressing (MtRGF3-OX) roots. Exogenous addition of the synthesized peptide significantly promoted primary root growth and inhibited lateral root emergence, in addition, the peptide application reduced the number of infection threads, nodule primordia and root nodules of M. truncatula. We also found that tyrosine sulfation determines the biological activity of MtRGF3 functioning in nodulation process, and MtRGF3 peptide negatively regulates nodulation in a dosage manner. These results demonstrate that the MtRGF3 peptide is a novel regulator during nodulation of Medicago trucatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, Center of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Mei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, Center of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Danping Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, Center of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Liangliang Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, Center of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Junhui Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, Center of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Li Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, Center of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Delay C, Chapman K, Taleski M, Wang Y, Tyagi S, Xiong Y, Imin N, Djordjevic MA. CEP3 levels affect starvation-related growth responses of the primary root. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4763-4774. [PMID: 31173100 PMCID: PMC6760281 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
CEPs (C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDEs) inhibit Arabidopsis primary root growth by unknown mechanisms. We investigated how CEP3 levels control primary root growth. CEP3 peptide application decreased cell division, S-phase cell number, root meristematic cell number, and meristem zone (MZ) size in a dose- and CEP RECEPTOR1-dependent manner. Grafting showed that CEP3-dependent growth inhibition requires root and shoot CEPR1. CEP3 induced mitotic quiescence in MZ cells significantly faster than that induced by nutrient limitation alone. CEP3 also inhibited the restoration of S-phase to mitotically quiescence cells by nutrient resupply without quantitatively reducing TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase activity. In contrast, cep3-1 had an increased meristem size and S-phase cell number under nitrogen (N)-limited conditions, but not under N-sufficient conditions. Furthermore, cep3-1 meristematic cells remained in S-phase longer than wild-type cells during a sustained carbon (C) and N limitation. RNA sequencing showed that CEP3 peptide down-regulated genes involved in S-phase entry, cell wall and ribosome biogenesis, DNA replication, and meristem expansion, and up-regulated genes involved in catabolic processes and proteins and peptides that negatively control meristem expansion and root growth. Many of these genes were reciprocally regulated in cep3-1. The results suggest that raising CEP3 induces starvation-related responses that curtail primary root growth under severe nutrient limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Delay
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kelly Chapman
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael Taleski
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yaowei Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Sonika Tyagi
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Present address: Bioinformatics Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia 3800
| | - Yan Xiong
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Nijat Imin
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Correspondence: or Present address: School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Djordjevic
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Correspondence: or Present address: School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Chapman K, Taleski M, Ogilvie HA, Imin N, Djordjevic MA. CEP-CEPR1 signalling inhibits the sucrose-dependent enhancement of lateral root growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3955-3967. [PMID: 31056646 PMCID: PMC6685651 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lateral root (LR) proliferation is a major determinant of soil nutrient uptake. How resource allocation controls the extent of LR growth remains unresolved. We used genetic, physiological, transcriptomic, and grafting approaches to define a role for C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE RECEPTOR 1 (CEPR1) in controlling sucrose-dependent LR growth. CEPR1 inhibited LR growth in response to applied sucrose, other metabolizable sugars, and elevated light intensity. Pathways through CEPR1 restricted LR growth by reducing LR meristem size and the length of mature LR cells. RNA-sequencing of wild-type (WT) and cepr1-1 roots with or without sucrose treatment revealed an intersection of CEP-CEPR1 signalling with the sucrose transcriptional response. Sucrose up-regulated several CEP genes, supporting a specific role for CEP-CEPR1 in the response to sucrose. Moreover, genes with basally perturbed expression in cepr1-1 overlap with WT sucrose-responsive genes significantly. We found that exogenous CEP inhibited LR growth via CEPR1 by reducing LR meristem size and mature cell length. This result is consistent with CEP-CEPR1 acting to curtail the extent of sucrose-dependent LR growth. Reciprocal grafting indicates that LR growth inhibition requires CEPR1 in both the roots and shoots. Our results reveal a new role for CEP-CEPR1 signalling in controlling LR growth in response to sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Chapman
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael Taleski
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Huw A Ogilvie
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Present address: Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Nijat Imin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Present address: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Djordjevic
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Zhou Y, Sarker U, Neumann G, Ludewig U. The LaCEP1 peptide modulates cluster root morphology in Lupinus albus. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:525-537. [PMID: 29984412 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
White lupin cluster roots are specialized brush-like root structures that are formed in some species under phosphorus (P)-deficient conditions. They intensely secrete protons and organic acid anions for solubilization and acquisition of sparingly soluble phosphates. Phytohormones and sucrose modulate cluster root number, but the molecular mechanisms of cluster root formation have been elusive. Here, a novel peptide phytohormone was identified that affects cluster root development. It belongs to the C-TERMINALLY-ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) family. Members of that family arrest root growth and modulate branching in model species. LaCEP1 was highly expressed in the pre-emergence zone of clusters. Over-expression of the gene encoding the LaCEP1 propeptide resulted in moderate inhibition of cluster root formation. The primary and lateral root lengths of lupin were little affected by the overexpression, but LaCEP1 reduced cluster rootlet and root hair elongation. Addition of a 15-mer core peptide derived from LaCEP1 similarly altered root morphology and modified cluster activity, suggesting that a core sequence of the propeptide is functionally sufficient. Stable overexpression in Arabidopsis confirmed the LaCEP1 function in root growth inhibition across species. Taken together, the root inhibitory effects of the LaCEP1 phytohormone suggest a role as of a regulatory module involved in cluster root development in white lupin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, D-70593, Germany
| | - Upama Sarker
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, D-70593, Germany
| | - Günter Neumann
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, D-70593, Germany
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, D-70593, Germany
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Laffont C, Huault E, Gautrat P, Endre G, Kalo P, Bourion V, Duc G, Frugier F. Independent Regulation of Symbiotic Nodulation by the SUNN Negative and CRA2 Positive Systemic Pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:559-570. [PMID: 30782966 PMCID: PMC6501087 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant systemic signaling pathways allow the integration and coordination of shoot and root organ metabolism and development at the whole-plant level depending on nutrient availability. In legumes, two systemic pathways have been reported in the Medicago truncatula model to regulate root nitrogen-fixing symbiotic nodulation. Both pathways involve leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases acting in shoots and proposed to perceive signaling peptides produced in roots depending on soil nutrient availability. In this study, we characterized in the M. truncatula Jemalong A17 genotype a mutant allelic series affecting the Compact Root Architecture2 (CRA2) receptor. These analyses revealed that this pathway acts systemically from shoots to positively regulate nodulation and is required for the activity of carboxyl-terminally encoded peptides (CEPs). In addition, we generated a double mutant to test genetic interactions of the CRA2 systemic pathway with the CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION peptide (CLE)/Super Numeric Nodule (SUNN) receptor systemic pathway negatively regulating nodule number from shoots, which revealed an intermediate nodule number phenotype close to the wild type. Finally, we showed that the nitrate inhibition of nodule numbers was observed in cra2 mutants but not in sunn and cra2 sunn mutants. Overall, these results suggest that CEP/CRA2 and CLE/SUNN systemic pathways act independently from shoots to regulate nodule numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Laffont
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Diderot, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emeline Huault
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Diderot, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Gautrat
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Diderot, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gabriella Endre
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Kalo
- National Agricultural and Innovation Center, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
| | - Virginie Bourion
- Agroécologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroSup Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21065 Dijon, France
| | - Gérard Duc
- Agroécologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroSup Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21065 Dijon, France
| | - Florian Frugier
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Diderot, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Stührwohldt N, Schaller A. Regulation of plant peptide hormones and growth factors by post-translational modification. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21 Suppl 1:49-63. [PMID: 30047205 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The number, diversity and significance of peptides as regulators of cellular differentiation, growth, development and defence of plants has long been underestimated. Peptides have now emerged as an important class of signals for cell-to-cell communication over short distances, and also for long-range signalling. We refer to these signalling molecules as peptide growth factors and peptide hormones, respectively. As compared to remarkable progress with respect to the mechanisms of peptide perception and signal transduction, the biogenesis of signalling peptides is still in its infancy. This review focuses on the biogenesis and activity of small post-translationally modified peptides. These peptides are derived from inactive pre-pro-peptides of approximately 70-120 amino acids. Multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) may be required for peptide maturation and activation, including proteolytic processing, tyrosine sulfation, proline hydroxylation and hydroxyproline glycosylation. While many of the enzymes responsible for these modifications have been identified, their impact on peptide activity and signalling is not fully understood. These PTMs may or may not be required for bioactivity, they may inactivate the peptide or modify its signalling specificity, they may affect peptide stability or targeting, or its binding affinity with the receptor. In the present review, we will first introduce the peptides that undergo PTMs and for which these PTMs were shown to be functionally relevant. We will then discuss the different types of PTMs and the impact they have on peptide activity and plant growth and development. We conclude with an outlook on the open questions that need to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Stührwohldt
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Schaller
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Liu H, Zhang C, Yang J, Yu N, Wang E. Hormone modulation of legume-rhizobial symbiosis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:632-648. [PMID: 29578639 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Leguminous plants can establish symbiotic associations with diazotropic rhizobia to form nitrogen-fixating nodules, which are classified as determinate or indeterminate based on the persistence of nodule meristem. The formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules requires coordinating rhizobial infection and root nodule organogenesis. The formation of an infection thread and the extent of nodule formation are largely under plant control, but vary with environmental conditions and the physiological state of the host plants. Many achievements in these two areas have been made in recent decades. Phytohormone signaling pathways have gradually emerged as important regulators of root nodule symbiosis. Cytokinin, strigolactones (SLs) and local accumulation of auxin can promote nodule development. Ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) all negatively regulate infection thread formation and nodule development. However, salicylic acid (SA) and brassinosteroids (BRs) have different effects on the formation of these two nodule types. Some peptide hormones are also involved in nodulation. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of these plant hormones in legume-rhizobial symbiosis, and we propose that DELLA proteins may function as a node to integrate plant hormones to regulate nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nan Yu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Kereszt A, Mergaert P, Montiel J, Endre G, Kondorosi É. Impact of Plant Peptides on Symbiotic Nodule Development and Functioning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1026. [PMID: 30065740 PMCID: PMC6056668 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized peptides have wide ranges of functions in plants being, for example, signal molecules, transporters, alkaloids, or antimicrobial agents. Legumes are an unprecedented rich source of peptides, which are used to control the symbiosis of these plants with the nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria. Here, we discuss the function and the evolution of these peptides playing an important role in the formation or functioning of the symbiotic organs, the root nodules. We distinguish peptides that can be either cell-autonomous or secreted short-range or long-range signals, carrying messages in or between plant cells or that can act as effectors interacting with the symbiotic bacteria. Peptides are further classified according to the stage of the symbiotic process where they act. Several peptide classes, including RALF, DLV, ENOD40, and others, control Rhizobium infection and the initiation of cell divisions and the formation of nodule primordia. CLE and CEP peptides are implicated in systemic and local control of nodule initiation during autoregulation of nodulation and in response to the nutritional demands of the plant. Still other peptides act at later stages of the symbiosis. The PSK peptide is thought to be involved in the suppression of immunity in nodules and the nodule-specific cysteine-rich, GRP, and SNARP (LEED..PEED) peptide families are essential in the functioning of the nitrogen fixing root nodules. The NCRs and possibly also the GRP and SNARPs are targeted to the endosymbionts and play essential roles in the terminal differentiation of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kereszt
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Mergaert
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell, UMR 9198, CNRS – CEA – Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jesús Montiel
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Endre
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Kondorosi
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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46
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Taleski M, Imin N, Djordjevic MA. CEP peptide hormones: key players in orchestrating nitrogen-demand signalling, root nodulation, and lateral root development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1829-1836. [PMID: 29579226 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Secreted peptide hormones play pivotal roles in plant growth and development. So far, CEPs (C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDEs) have been shown to act through CEP receptors (CEPRs) to control nitrogen (N)-demand signalling, nodulation, and lateral root development. Secreted CEP peptides can enter the xylem stream to act as long-distance signals, but evidence also exists for CEPs acting in local circuits. Recently, CEP peptide species varying in sequence, length, and post-translational modifications have been identified. A more comprehensive understanding of CEP biology requires insight into the in planta function of CEP genes, CEP peptide biogenesis, the components of CEP signalling cascades and, finally, how CEP peptide length, amino-acid composition, and post-translational modifications affect biological activity. In this review, we highlight recent studies that have advanced our understanding in these key areas and discuss some future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Taleski
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, ANU College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Nijat Imin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, ANU College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Michael A Djordjevic
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, ANU College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
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47
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Imin N, Patel N, Corcilius L, Payne RJ, Djordjevic MA. CLE peptide tri-arabinosylation and peptide domain sequence composition are essential for SUNN-dependent autoregulation of nodulation in Medicago truncatula. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:73-80. [PMID: 29393515 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 encode CLAVATA3/EMBRYO-SURROUNDING REGION RELATED (CLE) peptides which regulate autoregulation of nodulation (AON) in Medicago through the shoot receptor, SUNN (SUPER NUMERIC NODULES). Genetics suggests RDN1 (ROOT-DETERMINED NODULATION 1) arabinosylates MtCLE12 to enable SUNN perception. The functional structures of MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 peptides, however, remain elusive. We combined genetic and chemical synthesis approaches to determine if glyco-modifications of three nodule-expressed CLE peptides are essential for AON. We also examined how root and shoot applied AON-CLEs inhibit nodulation. MtCLE12, MtCLE13 and MtCLE42 peptides were synthesized with hydroxylation, mono-arabinosylation or tri-arabinosylation (TaP) at proline 7. Only MtCLE12-TaP and MtCLE13-TaP peptides induced AON in wild-type (WT) and rdn1-1, but not in sunn-4. The application of MtCLE13-TaP to cotyledons 1 d before rhizobial inoculation completely inhibited both rhizobial infection and nodulation. By contrast, MtCLE12-TaP induced significant AON without abolishing rhizobial infection. The results indicate that key CLE domain amino acids and TaP modifications to MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 are essential for SUNN-dependent AON. We also show evidence that RDN1 does not tri-arabinosylate MtCLE13. Finally, MtCLE13-TaP can induce a strong AON response in shoots that inhibits the entire symbiotic processes in roots. We present a new model for AON in Medicago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijat Imin
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT2601, Australia
| | - Neha Patel
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT2601, Australia
| | - Leo Corcilius
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael A Djordjevic
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT2601, Australia
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48
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Proust H, Hartmann C, Crespi M, Lelandais-Brière C. Root Development in Medicago truncatula: Lessons from Genetics to Functional Genomics. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1822:205-239. [PMID: 30043307 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8633-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This decade introduced "omics" approaches, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in association with reverse and forward genetic approaches, developed earlier, to try to identify molecular pathways involved in the development or in the response to environmental conditions as well as in animals and plants. This review summarizes studies that utilized "omics" strategies to unravel the root development in the model legume Medicago truncatula and how external factors such as soil mineral status or the presence of bacteria and fungi affect root system architecture in this species. We also compare these "omics" data to the knowledges concerning the Arabidopsis thaliana root development, nowadays considered as the model of allorhiz root systems. However, unlike legumes, this species is unable to interact with soil nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to develop novel root-derived symbiotic structures. Differences in root organization, development, and regulatory pathways between these two model species have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Proust
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, IPS2, Univ. Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Evry Val d'Essonne, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, University of Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Caroline Hartmann
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, IPS2, Univ. Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Evry Val d'Essonne, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, University of Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Martin Crespi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, IPS2, Univ. Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Evry Val d'Essonne, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, University of Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Christine Lelandais-Brière
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, IPS2, Univ. Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Evry Val d'Essonne, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, University of Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
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de Bang TC, Lundquist PK, Dai X, Boschiero C, Zhuang Z, Pant P, Torres-Jerez I, Roy S, Nogales J, Veerappan V, Dickstein R, Udvardi MK, Zhao PX, Scheible WR. Genome-Wide Identification of Medicago Peptides Involved in Macronutrient Responses and Nodulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1669-1689. [PMID: 29030416 PMCID: PMC5717731 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that small, secreted peptides (SSPs) play critical roles in legume growth and development, yet the annotation of SSP-coding genes is far from complete. Systematic reannotation of the Medicago truncatula genome identified 1,970 homologs of established SSP gene families and an additional 2,455 genes that are potentially novel SSPs, previously unreported in the literature. The expression patterns of known and putative SSP genes based on 144 RNA sequencing data sets covering various stages of macronutrient deficiencies and symbiotic interactions with rhizobia and mycorrhiza were investigated. Focusing on those known or suspected to act via receptor-mediated signaling, 240 nutrient-responsive and 365 nodulation-responsive Signaling-SSPs were identified, greatly expanding the number of SSP gene families potentially involved in acclimation to nutrient deficiencies and nodulation. Synthetic peptide applications were shown to alter root growth and nodulation phenotypes, revealing additional regulators of legume nutrient acquisition. Our results constitute a powerful resource enabling further investigations of specific SSP functions via peptide treatment and reverse genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C de Bang
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Xinbin Dai
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | | | | | - Pooja Pant
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | | | - Sonali Roy
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | | | - Vijaykumar Veerappan
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Rebecca Dickstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
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50
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Fodor N, Challinor A, Droutsas I, Ramirez-Villegas J, Zabel F, Koehler AK, Foyer CH. Integrating Plant Science and Crop Modeling: Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change on Soybean and Maize Production. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1833-1847. [PMID: 29016928 PMCID: PMC6383117 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global CO2 emissions have profound consequences for plant biology, not least because of direct influences on carbon gain. However, much remains uncertain regarding how our major crops will respond to a future high CO2 world. Crop model inter-comparison studies have identified large uncertainties and biases associated with climate change. The need to quantify uncertainty has drawn the fields of plant molecular physiology, crop breeding and biology, and climate change modeling closer together. Comparing data from different models that have been used to assess the potential climate change impacts on soybean and maize production, future yield losses have been predicted for both major crops. When CO2 fertilization effects are taken into account significant yield gains are predicted for soybean, together with a shift in global production from the Southern to the Northern hemisphere. Maize production is also forecast to shift northwards. However, unless plant breeders are able to produce new hybrids with improved traits, the forecasted yield losses for maize will only be mitigated by agro-management adaptations. In addition, the increasing demands of a growing world population will require larger areas of marginal land to be used for maize and soybean production. We summarize the outputs of crop models, together with mitigation options for decreasing the negative impacts of climate on the global maize and soybean production, providing an overview of projected land-use change as a major determining factor for future global crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- N�ndor Fodor
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonv�s�r Brunszvik u. 2., Hungary
| | - Andrew Challinor
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | - Ioannis Droutsas
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | - Julian Ramirez-Villegas
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), km 17 recta Cali-Palmira, Cali, Colombia
- CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), c/o CIAT, km 17 recta Cali-Palmira, Cali, Colombia
| | - Florian Zabel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit�t M�nchen, Luisenstrasse 37, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Koehler
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | - Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
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