1
|
Cordeiro IF, Lemes CGDC, Sanchez AB, da Silva AK, de Paula CH, de Matos RC, Ribeiro DF, de Matos JP, Garcia CCM, Beirão M, Becker CG, Pires MRS, Moreira LM. Amphibian tolerance to arsenic: microbiome-mediated insights. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10193. [PMID: 38702361 PMCID: PMC11068734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Amphibians are often recognized as bioindicators of healthy ecosystems. The persistence of amphibian populations in heavily contaminated environments provides an excellent opportunity to investigate rapid vertebrate adaptations to harmful contaminants. Using a combination of culture-based challenge assays and a skin permeability assay, we tested whether the skin-associated microbiota may confer adaptive tolerance to tropical amphibians in regions heavily contaminated with arsenic, thus supporting the adaptive microbiome principle and immune interactions of the amphibian mucus. At lower arsenic concentrations (1 and 5 mM As3+), we found a significantly higher number of bacterial isolates tolerant to arsenic from amphibians sampled at an arsenic contaminated region (TES) than from amphibians sampled at an arsenic free region (JN). Strikingly, none of the bacterial isolates from our arsenic free region tolerated high concentrations of arsenic. In our skin permeability experiment, where we tested whether a subset of arsenic-tolerant bacterial isolates could reduce skin permeability to arsenic, we found that isolates known to tolerate high concentrations of arsenic significantly reduced amphibian skin permeability to this metalloid. This pattern did not hold true for bacterial isolates with low arsenic tolerance. Our results describe a pattern of environmental selection of arsenic-tolerant skin bacteria capable of protecting amphibians from intoxication, which helps explain the persistence of amphibian populations in water bodies heavily contaminated with arsenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Ferreira Cordeiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | | | - Angélica Bianchini Sanchez
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Karla da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Henriques de Paula
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Cristina de Matos
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Dilson Fagundes Ribeiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Pereira de Matos
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Carrião Machado Garcia
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genômica e Interação Bactérias-Ambiente, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Beirão
- Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - C Guilherme Becker
- Department of Biology, One Health Microbiome Center, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Maria Rita Silvério Pires
- Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Leandro Marcio Moreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Genômica e Interação Bactérias-Ambiente, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gomila RM, Frontera A. On the Existence of Pnictogen Bonding Interactions in As(III) S-Adenosylmethionine Methyltransferase Enzymes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400081. [PMID: 38407495 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferases, pivotal enzymes in arsenic metabolism, facilitate the methylation of arsenic up to three times. This process predominantly yields trivalent mono- and dimethylarsenite, with trimethylarsine forming in smaller amounts. While this enzyme acts as a detoxifier in microbial systems by altering As(III), in humans, it paradoxically generates more toxic and potentially carcinogenic methylated arsenic species. The strong affinity of As(III) for cysteine residues, forming As(III)-thiolate bonds, is exploited in medical treatments, notably in arsenic trioxide (Trisenox®), an FDA-approved drug for leukemia. The effectiveness of this drug is partly due to its interaction with cysteine residues, leading to the breakdown of key oncogenic fusion proteins. In this study, we extend the understanding of As(III)'s binding mechanisms, showing that, in addition to As(III)-S covalent bonds, noncovalent O⋅⋅⋅As pnictogen bonding plays a vital role. This interaction significantly contributes to the structural stability of the As(III) complexes. Our crystallographic analysis using the PDB database of As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferases, augmented by comprehensive theoretical studies including molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, emphasizes the critical role of pnictogen bonding in these systems. We also undertake a detailed evaluation of the energy characteristics of these pnictogen bonds using various theoretical models. To our knowledge, this is the first time pnictogen bonds in As(III) derivatives have been reported in biological systems, marking a significant advancement in our understanding of arsenic's molecular interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Gomila
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Konner M, Eaton SB. Hunter-gatherer diets and activity as a model for health promotion: Challenges, responses, and confirmations. Evol Anthropol 2023; 32:206-222. [PMID: 37417918 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Beginning in 1985, we and others presented estimates of hunter-gatherer (and ultimately ancestral) diet and physical activity, hoping to provide a model for health promotion. The Hunter-Gatherer Model was designed to offset the apparent mismatch between our genes and the current Western-type lifestyle, a mismatch that arguably affects prevalence of many chronic degenerative diseases. The effort has always been controversial and subject to both scientific and popular critiques. The present article (1) addresses eight such challenges, presenting for each how the model has been modified in response, or how the criticism can be rebutted; (2) reviews new epidemiological and experimental evidence (including especially randomized controlled clinical trials); and (3) shows how official recommendations put forth by governments and health authorities have converged toward the model. Such convergence suggests that evolutionary anthropology can make significant contributions to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Konner
- Department of Anthropology, Program in Anthropology and Human Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - S Boyd Eaton
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine (Emeritus), Adjunct Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alam MA, Mukherjee A, Bhattacharya P, Bundschuh J. An appraisal of the principal concerns and controlling factors for Arsenic contamination in Chile. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11168. [PMID: 37429943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although geogenic Arsenic (As) contamination is well-recognized in northern Chile, it is not restricted to this part of the country, as the geological conditions favoring As release to the human environment exist across the country as well, although not at the same level, based on comparatively fewer studies in central and southern Chile. The present work provides a critical evaluation of As sources, pathways, and controls with reports and case studies from across the country based on an exhaustive bibliographic review of its reported geogenic sources and processes that affect its occurrence, systematization, and critical revision of this information. Arc magmatism and associated geothermal activities, identified as the primary As sources, are present across the Chilean Andes, except for the Pampean Flat Slab and Patagonian Volcanic Gap. Metal sulfide ore zones, extending from the country's far north to the south-central part, are the second most important geogenic As source. While natural leaching of As-rich mineral deposits contaminates the water in contact, associated mining, and metallurgical activities result in additional As release into the human environment through mining waste and tailings. Moreover, crustal thickness has been suggested as a principal controlling factor for As release, whose southward decrease has been correlated with lower As values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ayaz Alam
- Departamento de Ingeniería Geoespacial y Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Enrique Kirberg Baltiansky n° 03, Estación Central, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
| | - Abhijit Mukherjee
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rossnerova A, Elzeinova F, Chvojkova I, Honkova K, Sima M, Milcova A, Pastorkova A, Schmuczerova J, Rossner P, Topinka J, Sram RJ. Effects of various environments on epigenetic settings and chromosomal damage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121290. [PMID: 36804881 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a dominant environmental exposure factor with significant health consequences. Unexpectedly, research in a heavily polluted region of the Czech Republic, with traditional heavy industry, revealed repeatedly the lowest frequency of micronuclei in the season with the highest concentrations of air pollutants including carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Molecular findings have been collected for more than 10 years from various locations of the Czech Republic, with differing quality of ambient air. Preliminary conclusions have suggested adaptation of the population from the polluted locality (Ostrava, Moravian-Silesian Region (MSR)) to chronic air pollution exposure. In this study we utilize the previous findings and, for the first time, investigate micronuclei (MN) frequency by type: (i) centromere positive (CEN+) MN, representing chromosomal losses, and (ii) centromere negative (CEN-) MN representing chromosomal breaks. As previous results indicated differences between populations in the expression of XRCC5, a gene involved in the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair pathway, possible variations in epigenetic settings in this gene were also investigated. This new research was conducted in two seasons in the groups from two localities with different air quality levels (Ostrava (OS) and Prague (PG)). The obtained new results show significantly lower frequencies of chromosomal breaks in the OS subjects, related to the highest air pollution levels (p < 0.001). In contrast, chromosomal losses were comparable between both groups. In addition, significantly lower DNA methylation was found in 14.3% of the analyzed CpG loci of XRCC5 in the population from OS. In conclusion, the epigenetic adaptation (hypomethylation) in XRCC5 involved in the NHEJ repair pathway in the population from the polluted region, was suggested as a reason for the reduced level of chromosomal breaks. Further research is needed to explore the additional mechanisms, including genetic adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Fatima Elzeinova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Chvojkova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Honkova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Sima
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Milcova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Pastorkova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Schmuczerova
- Department of Medical Genetics, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Radim J Sram
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wai KM, Swe T, Myar MT, Aisyah CR, Hninn TSS. Telomeres susceptibility to environmental arsenic exposure: Shortening or lengthening? Front Public Health 2023; 10:1059248. [PMID: 36703827 PMCID: PMC9871564 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1059248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining telomere length plays a crucial role in regulating cellular life span. Telomere lengthening or shortening is one of the important biomarkers which could predict the preceding or present diseases. Meanwhile, the impact of environmental arsenic exposure on telomere length has increasingly concerned. Although previous studies demonstrated the effects of arsenic on telomere length, the findings were unclear on whether telomere shortens or lengthens by arsenic exposure. Thus, this manuscript summarized and discussed the telomere length alteration following arsenic exposure and the possible does-response effect of arsenic on telomere length. The present review suggested that different age groups may respond differently to arsenic exposure, and the dose-response effect of arsenic could be a critical factor in its effect on telomere length. Moreover, speciation analysis of arsenic could be more informative in identifying the effect of arsenic on telomere length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyi Mar Wai
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan,Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Kyi Mar Wai ✉
| | - Thinzar Swe
- Pre-clinical Department, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Maw Thoe Myar
- Pre-clinical Department, University of Medicine Taunggyi, Taunggyi, Myanmar
| | - Cindy Rahman Aisyah
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lea AJ, Garcia A, Arevalo J, Ayroles JF, Buetow K, Cole SW, Eid Rodriguez D, Gutierrez M, Highland HM, Hooper PL, Justice A, Kraft T, North KE, Stieglitz J, Kaplan H, Trumble BC, Gurven MD. Natural selection of immune and metabolic genes associated with health in two lowland Bolivian populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2207544120. [PMID: 36574663 PMCID: PMC9910614 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207544120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of work has addressed human adaptations to diverse environments using genomic data, but few studies have connected putatively selected alleles to phenotypes, much less among underrepresented populations such as Amerindians. Studies of natural selection and genotype-phenotype relationships in underrepresented populations hold potential to uncover previously undescribed loci underlying evolutionarily and biomedically relevant traits. Here, we worked with the Tsimane and the Moseten, two Amerindian populations inhabiting the Bolivian lowlands. We focused most intensively on the Tsimane, because long-term anthropological work with this group has shown that they have a high burden of both macro and microparasites, as well as minimal cardiometabolic disease or dementia. We therefore generated genome-wide genotype data for Tsimane individuals to study natural selection, and paired this with blood mRNA-seq as well as cardiometabolic and immune biomarker data generated from a larger sample that included both populations. In the Tsimane, we identified 21 regions that are candidates for selective sweeps, as well as 5 immune traits that show evidence for polygenic selection (e.g., C-reactive protein levels and the response to coronaviruses). Genes overlapping candidate regions were strongly enriched for known involvement in immune-related traits, such as abundance of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Importantly, we were also able to draw on extensive phenotype information for the Tsimane and Moseten and link five regions (containing PSD4, MUC21 and MUC22, TOX2, ANXA6, and ABCA1) with biomarkers of immune and metabolic function. Together, our work highlights the utility of pairing evolutionary analyses with anthropological and biomedical data to gain insight into the genetic basis of health-related traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Lea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37235
| | - Angela Garcia
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Jesusa Arevalo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Julien F. Ayroles
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Kenneth Buetow
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Steve W. Cole
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | | | | | - Heather M. Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27516
| | - Paul L. Hooper
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA92866
| | | | - Thomas Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27516
| | | | - Hillard Kaplan
- Institute for Economics and Society, Chapman University, Orange, CA92866
| | - Benjamin C. Trumble
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Michael D. Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen S, Liu L. Species composition and health risk assessment of arsenic in Agaricus blazei Murrill and Tricholoma matsutake from Yunnan Province, China. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
9
|
Bolognesi G, Bacalini MG, Pirazzini C, Garagnani P, Giuliani C. Evolutionary Implications of Environmental Toxicant Exposure. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123090. [PMID: 36551846 PMCID: PMC9775150 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Homo sapiens have been exposed to various toxins and harmful compounds that change according to various phases of human evolution. Population genetics studies showed that such exposures lead to adaptive genetic changes; while observing present exposures to different toxicants, the first molecular mechanism that confers plasticity is epigenetic remodeling and, in particular, DNA methylation variation, a molecular mechanism proposed for medium-term adaptation. A large amount of scientific literature from clinical and medical studies revealed the high impact of such exposure on human biology; thus, in this review, we examine and infer the impact that different environmental toxicants may have in shaping human evolution. We first describe how environmental toxicants shape natural human variation in terms of genetic and epigenetic diversity, and then we describe how DNA methylation may influence mutation rate and, thus, genetic variability. We describe the impact of these substances on biological fitness in terms of reproduction and survival, and in conclusion, we focus on their effect on brain evolution and physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Bacalini
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Pirazzini
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mouterde M, Daali Y, Rollason V, Čížková M, Mulugeta A, Al Balushi KA, Fakis G, Constantinidis TC, Al-Thihli K, Černá M, Makonnen E, Boukouvala S, Al-Yahyaee S, Yimer G, Černý V, Desmeules J, Poloni ES. Joint Analysis of Phenotypic and Genomic Diversity Sheds Light on the Evolution of Xenobiotic Metabolism in Humans. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:6852765. [PMID: 36445690 PMCID: PMC9750130 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in genes involved in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs (ADME) can influence individual response to a therapeutic treatment. The study of ADME genetic diversity in human populations has led to evolutionary hypotheses of adaptation to distinct chemical environments. Population differentiation in measured drug metabolism phenotypes is, however, scarcely documented, often indirectly estimated via genotype-predicted phenotypes. We administered seven probe compounds devised to target six cytochrome P450 enzymes and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity to assess phenotypic variation in four populations along a latitudinal transect spanning over Africa, the Middle East, and Europe (349 healthy Ethiopian, Omani, Greek, and Czech volunteers). We demonstrate significant population differentiation for all phenotypes except the one measuring CYP2D6 activity. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) evidenced that the variability of phenotypes measuring CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 activity was associated with genetic variants linked to the corresponding encoding genes, and additional genes for the latter three. Instead, GWAS did not indicate any association between genetic diversity and the phenotypes measuring CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and P-gp activity. Genome scans of selection highlighted multiple candidate regions, a few of which included ADME genes, but none overlapped with the GWAS candidates. Our results suggest that different mechanisms have been shaping the evolution of these phenotypes, including phenotypic plasticity, and possibly some form of balancing selection. We discuss how these contrasting results highlight the diverse evolutionary trajectories of ADME genes and proteins, consistent with the wide spectrum of both endogenous and exogenous molecules that are their substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Rollason
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martina Čížková
- Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anwar Mulugeta
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Khalid A Al Balushi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Giannoulis Fakis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Khalid Al-Thihli
- Department of Genetics, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Marie Černá
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sotiria Boukouvala
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Said Al-Yahyaee
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Getnet Yimer
- Center for Global Genomics & Health Equity, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Viktor Černý
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jules Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mangu JCK, Rai N, Mandal A, Olsson PE, Jass J. Lysinibacillus sphaericus mediates stress responses and attenuates arsenic toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155377. [PMID: 35460794 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to toxic metals alters host response and that leads to disease development. Studies have revealed the effects of metals on microbial physiology, however, the role of metal resistant bacteria on host response to metals is unclear. The hypothesis that xenobiotic interactions between gut microbes and arsenic influence the host physiology and toxicity was assessed in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. The arsenic-resistant Lysinibacillus sphaericus B1CDA was fed to C. elegans to determine the host responses to arsenic in comparison to Escherichia coli OP50 food. L. sphaericus diet extended C. elegans lifespan compared to E. coli diet, with an increased expression of genes involved in lifespan, stress response and immunity (hif-1, hsp-16.2, mtl-2, abf-2, clec-60), as well as reduced fat accumulation. Arsenic-exposed worms fed L. sphaericus also had a longer lifespan than those fed E. coli and had an increased expression of genes involved in cytoprotection, stress resistance (mtl-1, mtl-2) and oxidative stress response (cyp-35A2, isp-1, ctl-2, sod-1), together with a decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In comparison with E. coli, L. sphaericus B1CDA diet increased C. elegans fitness while detoxifying arsenic induced ROS and extending lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Neha Rai
- The Life Science Centre-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Abul Mandal
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Per-Erik Olsson
- The Life Science Centre-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jana Jass
- The Life Science Centre-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Padró J, De Panis DN, Luisi P, Dopazo H, Szajnman S, Hasson E, Soto IM. Ortholog genes from cactophilic Drosophila provide insight into human adaptation to hallucinogenic cacti. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13180. [PMID: 35915153 PMCID: PMC9343604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultural transformations of lifestyles and dietary practices have been key drivers of human evolution. However, while most of the evidence of genomic adaptations is related to the hunter-gatherer transition to agricultural societies, little is known on the influence of other major cultural manifestations. Shamanism is considered the oldest religion that predominated throughout most of human prehistory and still prevails in many indigenous populations. Several lines of evidence from ethno-archeological studies have demonstrated the continuity and importance of psychoactive plants in South American cultures. However, despite the well-known importance of secondary metabolites in human health, little is known about its role in the evolution of ethnic differences. Herein, we identified candidate genes of adaptation to hallucinogenic cactus in Native Andean populations with a long history of shamanic practices. We used genome-wide expression data from the cactophilic fly Drosophila buzzatii exposed to a hallucinogenic columnar cactus, also consumed by humans, to identify ortholog genes exhibiting adaptive footprints of alkaloid tolerance. Genomic analyses in human populations revealed a suite of ortholog genes evolving under recent positive selection in indigenous populations of the Central Andes. Our results provide evidence of selection in genetic variants related to alkaloids toxicity, xenobiotic metabolism, and neuronal plasticity in Aymara and Quechua populations, suggesting a possible process of gene-culture coevolution driven by religious practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Padró
- INIBIOMA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, R8400FRF, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Diego N De Panis
- IEGEBA-CONICET, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pierre Luisi
- Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (FFyH-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.,Microbial Paleogenomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Hernan Dopazo
- IEGEBA-CONICET, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Szajnman
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-FCEyN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Hasson
- IEGEBA-CONICET, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio M Soto
- IEGEBA-CONICET, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
De Loma J, Vicente M, Tirado N, Ascui F, Vahter M, Gardon J, Schlebusch CM, Broberg K. Human adaptation to arsenic in Bolivians living in the Andes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134764. [PMID: 35490756 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Humans living in the Andes Mountains have been historically exposed to arsenic from natural sources, including drinking water. Enzymatic methylation of arsenic allows it to be excreted more efficiently by the human body. Adaptation to high-arsenic environments via enhanced methylation and excretion of arsenic was first reported in indigenous women in the Argentinean Andes, but whether adaptation to arsenic is a general phenomenon across native populations from the Andes Mountains remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated whether adaptation to arsenic has occurred in the Bolivian Andes by studying indigenous groups who belong to the Aymara-Quechua and Uru ethnicities and have lived in the Bolivian Andes for generations. Our population genetics methods, including genome-wide selection scans based on linkage disequilibrium patterns and allele frequency differences, in combination with targeted and whole-genome sequencing and genotype-phenotype association analyses, detected signatures of positive selection near the gene encoding arsenite methyltransferase (AS3MT), the main arsenic methylating enzyme. This was among the strongest selection signals (top 0.5% signals via locus-specific branch length and extended haplotype homozygosity tests) at a genome-wide level in the Bolivian study groups. We found a large haplotype block of 676 kb in the AS3MT region and identified candidate functional variants for further analysis. Moreover, our analyses revealed associations between AS3MT variants and the fraction of mono-methylated arsenic in urine and showed that the Bolivian study groups had the highest frequency of alleles associated with more efficient arsenic metabolism reported so far. Our data support the idea that arsenic exposure has been a driver for human adaptation to tolerate arsenic through more efficient arsenic detoxification in different Andean populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica De Loma
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mário Vicente
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Noemi Tirado
- Genetics Institute, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Franz Ascui
- Programa de Salud Familiar Comunitaria e Intercultural, Ministerio de Salud Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacques Gardon
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - Carina M Schlebusch
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; SciLifeLab Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Camacho J, de Conti A, Pogribny IP, Sprando RL, Hunt PR. Assessment of the Effects of Organic vs. Inorganic Arsenic and Mercury in Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100071. [PMID: 35602005 PMCID: PMC9118485 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar developmental delays and oxidative stress with 20x DMA relative to NaAsO2. Dissimilar gene expression and locomotion with organic vs. inorganic mercury. Dissimilar unfolded protein responses for organic vs. inorganic arsenic and mercury. Across phyla, methylation has opposite effects on arsenic vs. mercury toxicity.
Exposures to mercury and arsenic are known to pose significant threats to human health. Effects specific to organic vs. inorganic forms of these toxic elements are less understood however, especially for organic dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), which has recently been detected in pups of rodent dams orally exposed to inorganic sodium (meta)arsenite (NaAsO2). Caenorhabditis elegans is a small animal alternative toxicity model. To fill data gaps on the effects of DMA relative to NaAsO2, C. elegans were exposed to these two compounds alongside more thoroughly researched inorganic mercury chloride (HgCl2) and organic methylmercury chloride (meHgCl). For timing of developmental milestone acquisition in C. elegans, meHgCl was 2 to 4-fold more toxic than HgCl2, and NaAsO2 was 20-fold more toxic than DMA, ranking the four compounds meHgCl > HgCl2 > NaAsO2 ≫ DMA for developmental toxicity. Methylmercury induced significant decreases in population locomotor activity levels in developing C. elegans. DMA was also associated with developmental hypoactivity, but at >100-fold higher concentrations than meHgCl. Transcriptional alterations in native genes were observed in wild type C. elegans adults exposed to concentrations equitoxic for developmental delay in juveniles. Both forms of arsenic induced genes involved in immune defense and oxidative stress response, while the two mercury species induced proportionally more genes involved in transcriptional regulation. A transgenic bioreporter for activation of conserved proteosome specific unfolded protein response was strongly activated by NaAsO2, but not DMA at tested concentrations. HgCl2 and meHgCl had opposite effects on a bioreporter for unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum. Presented experiments indicating low toxicity for DMA in C. elegans are consistent with human epidemiologic data correlating higher arsenic methylation capacity with resistance to arsenic toxicity. This work contributes to the understanding of the accuracy and fit-for-use categories for C. elegans toxicity screening and its usefulness to prioritize compounds of concern for further testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Camacho
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, United States
| | - Aline de Conti
- Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Igor P. Pogribny
- Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Robert L. Sprando
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, United States
| | - Piper Reid Hunt
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, United States
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Roca-Umbert A, Caro-Consuegra R, Londono-Correa D, Rodriguez-Lozano GF, Vicente R, Bosch E. Understanding signatures of positive natural selection in human zinc transporter genes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4320. [PMID: 35279701 PMCID: PMC8918337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient with a tightly regulated systemic and cellular homeostasis. In humans, some zinc transporter genes (ZTGs) have been previously reported as candidates for strong geographically restricted selective sweeps. However, since zinc homeostasis is maintained by the joint action of 24 ZTGs, other more subtle modes of selection could have also facilitated human adaptation to zinc availability. Here, we studied whether the complete set of ZTGs are enriched for signals of positive selection in worldwide populations and population groups from South Asia. ZTGs showed higher levels of genetic differentiation between African and non-African populations than would be randomly expected, as well as other signals of polygenic selection outside Africa. Moreover, in several South Asian population groups, ZTGs were significantly enriched for SNPs with unusually extended haplotypes and displayed SNP genotype-environmental correlations when considering zinc deficiency levels in soil in that geographical area. Our study replicated some well-characterized targets for positive selection in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, and proposes new candidates for follow-up in South Asia (SLC39A5) and Africa (SLC39A7). Finally, we identified candidate variants for adaptation in ZTGs that could contribute to different disease susceptibilities and zinc-related human health traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Roca-Umbert
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocio Caro-Consuegra
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Londono-Correa
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Felipe Rodriguez-Lozano
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Bosch
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 43206, Reus, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schmidt S. Navigating a Two-Way Street: Metal Toxicity and the Human Gut Microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:32001. [PMID: 35302387 PMCID: PMC8932408 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
|
17
|
De Loma J, Krais AM, Lindh CH, Mamani J, Tirado N, Gardon J, Broberg K. Arsenic exposure and biomarkers for oxidative stress and telomere length in indigenous populations in Bolivia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113194. [PMID: 35051766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women living in the Bolivian Andes are environmentally exposed to arsenic, yet there is scarce information about arsenic-related effects in this region. Several biomarkers for telomere length and oxidative stress (mitochondrial DNA copy number, mtDNAcn; 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-oxo-dG; and 4-hydroxy nonenal mercapturic acid, 4-HNE-MA) have been previously linked to arsenic, and some of which are prospective biomarkers for cancer risk. OBJECTIVE AND HYPOTHESIS To evaluate associations between arsenic exposure and telomere length, mtDNAcn, 8-oxo-dG, and 4-HNE-MA in Bolivians. Arsenic exposure was hypothesized to be positively associated with all four toxicity biomarkers, particularly in individuals with a less efficient arsenic metabolism. METHODS The study encompassed 193 indigenous women. Arsenic exposure was assessed in urine as the sum of inorganic arsenic metabolite concentrations (U-As) measured by HPLC-HG-ICP-MS, and in whole blood as total arsenic (B-As) measured by ICP-MS. Efficiency of arsenic metabolism was evaluated by a polymorphism (rs3740393) in the main arsenic methylating gene AS3MT measured by TaqMan allelic discrimination, and by the relative fractions of urinary inorganic arsenic metabolites. Telomere length and mtDNAcn were determined in peripheral blood leukocytes by quantitative PCR, and urinary 8-oxo-dG and 4-HNE-MA by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS U-As and B-As were associated with longer telomeres and higher mtDNAcn, particularly in women with a less efficient arsenic metabolism. Urinary 8-oxo-dG and 4-HNE-MA were positively associated with U-As, but only 4-HNE-MA was associated with B-As. Arsenic metabolism efficiency did not have a clear effect on the concentrations of either of these biomarkers. CONCLUSION Bolivian women showed indications of arsenic toxicity, measured by four different biomarkers. Telomere length, mtDNAcn, and 4-HNE-MA were positively associated with both U-As and B-As. The association of arsenic exposure with telomere length and mtDNAcn was only present in Bolivian women with a less efficient metabolism. These findings call for additional efforts to evaluate and reduce arsenic exposure in Bolivia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica De Loma
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Annette M Krais
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Josue Mamani
- Genetics Institute, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Noemi Tirado
- Genetics Institute, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Jacques Gardon
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The main source of arsenic exposure to humans worldwide is the diet, in particular, drinking water, rice, and seafood. Although arsenic is often considered toxic, it can exist in food as more than 300 chemical species with different toxicities. This diversity makes it difficult for food safety and health authorities to regulate arsenic levels in food, which are currently based on a few arsenic species. Of particular interest are arsenolipids, a type of arsenic species widely found in seafood. Emerging evidence indicates that there are risks associated with human exposure to arsenolipids (e.g., accumulation in breast milk, ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain, and potential development of neurodegenerative disorders). Still, more research is needed to fully understand the impact of arsenolipid exposure, which requires establishing interdisciplinary collaborations.
Collapse
|
19
|
Methylmercury and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mediterranean Seafood: A Molecular Anthropological Perspective. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eating seafood has numerous health benefits; however, it constitutes one of the main sources of exposure to several harmful environmental pollutants, both of anthropogenic and natural origin. Among these, methylmercury and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons give rise to concerns related to their possible effects on human biology. In the present review, we summarize the results of epidemiological investigations on the genetic component of individual susceptibility to methylmercury and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure in humans, and on the effects that these two pollutants have on human epigenetic profiles (DNA methylation). Then, we provide evidence that Mediterranean coastal communities represent an informative case study to investigate the potential impact of methylmercury and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the human genome and epigenome, since they are characterized by a traditionally high local seafood consumption, and given the characteristics that render the Mediterranean Sea particularly polluted. Finally, we discuss the challenges of a molecular anthropological approach to this topic.
Collapse
|
20
|
Bae S, Kamynina E, Guetterman HM, Farinola AF, Caudill MA, Berry RJ, Cassano PA, Stover PJ. Provision of folic acid for reducing arsenic toxicity in arsenic-exposed children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 10:CD012649. [PMID: 34661903 PMCID: PMC8522704 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012649.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic is a common environmental toxin. Exposure to arsenic (particularly its inorganic form) through contaminated food and drinking water is an important public health burden worldwide, and is associated with increased risk of neurotoxicity, congenital anomalies, cancer, and adverse neurodevelopment in children. Arsenic is excreted following methylation reactions, which are mediated by folate. Provision of folate through folic acid supplements could facilitate arsenic methylation and excretion, thereby reducing arsenic toxicity. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of provision of folic acid (through fortified foods or supplements), alone or in combination with other nutrients, in lessening the burden of arsenic-related health outcomes and reducing arsenic toxicity in arsenic-exposed populations. SEARCH METHODS In September 2020, we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, 10 other international databases, nine regional databases, and two trials registers. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing the provision of folic acid (at any dose or duration), alone or in combination with other nutrients or nutrient supplements, with no intervention, placebo, unfortified food, or the same nutrient or supplements without folic acid, in arsenic-exposed populations of all ages and genders. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included two RCTs with 822 adults exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water in Bangladesh. The RCTs compared 400 µg/d (FA400) or 800 µg/d (FA800) folic acid supplements, given for 12 or 24 weeks, with placebo. One RCT, a multi-armed trial, compared FA400 plus creatine (3 g/d) to creatine alone. We judged both RCTs at low risk of bias in all domains. Due to differences in co-intervention, arsenic exposure, and participants' nutritional status, we could not conduct meta-analyses, and therefore, provide a narrative description of the data. Neither RCT reported on cancer, all-cause mortality, neurocognitive function, or congenital anomalies. Folic acid supplements alone versus placebo Blood arsenic. In arsenic-exposed individuals, FA likely reduces blood arsenic concentrations compared to placebo (2 studies, 536 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). For folate-deficient and folate-replete participants who received arsenic-removal water filters as a co-intervention, FA800 reduced blood arsenic levels more than placebo (percentage change (%change) in geometric mean (GM) FA800 -17.8%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) -25.0 to -9.8; placebo GM -9.5%, 95% CI -16.5 to -1.8; 1 study, 406 participants). In one study with 130 participants with low baseline plasma folate, FA400 reduced total blood arsenic (%change FA400 mean (M) -13.62%, standard error (SE) ± 2.87; placebo M -2.49%, SE ± 3.25), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) concentrations (%change FA400 M -22.24%, SE ± 2.86; placebo M -1.24%, SE ± 3.59) more than placebo. Inorganic arsenic (InAs) concentrations reduced in both groups (%change FA400 M -18.54%, SE ± 3.60; placebo M -10.61%, SE ± 3.38). There was little to no change in dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in either group. Urinary arsenic. In arsenic-exposed individuals, FA likely reduces the proportion of total urinary arsenic excreted as InAs (%InAs) and MMA (%MMA) and increases the proportion excreted as DMA (%DMA) to a greater extent than placebo (2 studies, 546 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), suggesting that FA enhances arsenic methylation. In a mixed folate-deficient and folate-replete population (1 study, 352 participants) receiving arsenic-removal water filters as a co-intervention, groups receiving FA had a greater decrease in %InAs (within-person change FA400 M -0.09%, 95% CI -0.17 to -0.01; FA800 M -0.14%, 95% CI -0.21 to -0.06; placebo M 0.05%, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.10), a greater decrease in %MMA (within-person change FA400 M -1.80%, 95% CI -2.53 to -1.07; FA800 M -2.60%, 95% CI -3.35 to -1.85; placebo M 0.15%, 95% CI -0.37 to 0.68), and a greater increase in %DMA (within-person change FA400 M 3.25%, 95% CI 1.81 to 4.68; FA800 M 4.57%, 95% CI 3.20 to 5.95; placebo M -1.17%, 95% CI -2.18 to -0.17), compared to placebo. In 194 participants with low baseline plasma folate, FA reduced %InAs (%change FA400 M -0.31%, SE ± 0.04; placebo M -0.13%, SE ± 0.04) and %MMA (%change FA400 M -2.6%, SE ± 0.37; placebo M -0.71%, SE ± 0.43), and increased %DMA (%change FA400 M 5.9%, SE ± 0.82; placebo M 2.14%, SE ± 0.71), more than placebo. Plasma homocysteine: In arsenic-exposed individuals, FA400 likely reduces homocysteine concentrations to a greater extent than placebo (2 studies, 448 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), in the mixed folate-deficient and folate-replete population receiving arsenic-removal water filters as a co-intervention (%change in GM FA400 -23.4%, 95% CI -27.1 to -19.5; placebo -1.3%, 95% CI -5.3 to 3.1; 1 study, 254 participants), and participants with low baseline plasma folate (within-person change FA400 M -3.06 µmol/L, SE ± 3.51; placebo M -0.05 µmol/L, SE ± 4.31; 1 study, 194 participants). FA supplements plus other nutrient supplements versus nutrient supplements alone In arsenic-exposed individuals who received arsenic-removal water filters as a co-intervention, FA400 plus creatine may reduce blood arsenic concentrations more than creatine alone (%change in GM FA400 + creatine -14%, 95% CI -22.2 to -5.0; creatine -7.0%, 95% CI -14.8 to 1.5; 1 study, 204 participants; low-certainty evidence); may not change urinary arsenic methylation indices (FA400 + creatine: %InAs M 13.2%, SE ± 7.0; %MMA M 10.8, SE ± 4.1; %DMA M 76, SE ± 7.8; creatine: %InAs M 14.8, SE ± 5.5; %MMA M 12.8, SE ± 4.0; %DMA M 72.4, SE ±7.6; 1 study, 190 participants; low-certainty evidence); and may reduce homocysteine concentrations to a greater extent (%change in GM FA400 + creatinine -21%, 95% CI -25.2 to -16.4; creatine -4.3%, 95% CI -9.0 to 0.7; 1 study, 204 participants; low-certainty evidence) than creatine alone. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is moderate-certainty evidence that FA supplements may benefit blood arsenic concentration, urinary arsenic methylation profiles, and plasma homocysteine concentration versus placebo. There is low-certainty evidence that FA supplements plus other nutrients may benefit blood arsenic and plasma homocysteine concentrations versus nutrients alone. No studies reported on cancer, all-cause mortality, neurocognitive function, or congenital anomalies. Given the limited number of RCTs, more studies conducted in diverse settings are needed to assess the effects of FA on arsenic-related health outcomes and arsenic toxicity in arsenic-exposed adults and children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajin Bae
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Elena Kamynina
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Adetutu F Farinola
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Berry
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Coral JA, Heaps S, Glaholt SP, Karty JA, Jacobson SC, Shaw JR, Bondesson M. Arsenic exposure induces a bimodal toxicity response in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117637. [PMID: 34182391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In toxicology, standard sigmoidal concentration-response curves are used to predict effects concentrations and set chemical regulations. However, current literature also establishes the existence of complex, bimodal concentration-response curves, as is the case for arsenic toxicity. This bimodal response has been observed at the molecular level, but not characterized at the whole organism level. This study investigated the effect of arsenic (sodium arsenite) on post-gastrulated zebrafish embryos and elucidated effects of bimodal concentration-responses on different phenotypic perturbations. Six hour post fertilized (hpf) zebrafish embryos were exposed to arsenic to 96 hpf. Hatching success, mortality, and morphometric endpoints were evaluated both in embryos with chorions and dechorionated embryos. Zebrafish embryos exhibited a bimodal response to arsenic exposure. Concentration-response curves for exposed embryos with intact chorions had an initial peak in mortality (88%) at 1.33 mM arsenic, followed by a decrease in toxicity (~20% mortality) at 1.75 mM, and subsequently peaked to 100% mortality at higher concentrations. To account for the bimodal response, two distinct concentration-response curves were generated with estimated LC10 values (and 95% CI) of 0.462 (0.415, 0.508) mM and 1.69 (1.58, 1.78) mM for the 'low concentration' and 'high concentration' peaks, respectively. Other phenotypic analyses, including embryo length, yolk and pericardial edema all produced similar concentration-response patterns. Tests with dechorionated embryos also resulted in a bimodal toxicity response but with lower LC10 values of 0.170 (0.120, 0.220) mM and 0.800 (0.60, 0842) mM, respectively. Similarities in bimodal concentration-responses between with-chorion and dechorionated embryos indicate that the observed effect was not caused by the chorion limiting arsenic availability, thus lending support to other studies such as those that hypothesized a conserved bimodal mechanism of arsenic interference with nuclear receptor activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Coral
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Samuel Heaps
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Stephen P Glaholt
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan A Karty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Joseph R Shaw
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Maria Bondesson
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Griggs JL, Thomas DJ, Fry R, Bradham KD. Improving the predictive value of bioaccessibility assays and their use to provide mechanistic insights into bioavailability for toxic metals/metalloids - A research prospectus. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2021; 24:307-324. [PMID: 34092204 PMCID: PMC8390437 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2021.1934764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Widespread contamination of soil, dust, and food with toxic metal(loid)s pose a significant public health concern. Only a portion of orally ingested metal(loid) contaminants are bioavailable, which is defined as the fraction of ingested metal(loid)s absorbed across the gastrointestinal barrier and into systemic circulation. Bioaccessibility tools are a class of in vitro assays used as a surrogate to estimate risk of oral exposure and bioavailability. Although development and use of bioaccessibility tools have contributed to our understanding of the factors influencing oral bioavailability of metal(loid)s, some of these assays may lack data that support their use in decisions concerning adverse health risks and soil remediation. This review discusses the factors known to influence bioaccessibility of metal(loid) contaminants and evaluates experimental approaches and key findings of SW-846 Test Method 1340, Unified BARGE Method, Simulated Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem, Solubility Bioaccessibility Research Consortium assay, In Vitro Gastrointestinal model, TNO-Gastrointestinal Model, and Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment bioaccessibility models which are used to assess oral absolute bioavailability and relative bioavailability in solid matrices. The aim of this review was to identify emerging knowledge gaps and research needs with an emphasis on research required to evaluate these models on (1) standardization of assay techniques and methodology, and (2) use of common criteria for assessing the performance of bioaccessibility models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Griggs
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
| | - David J. Thomas
- Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709 USA
| | - Rebecca Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
| | - Karen D. Bradham
- Watershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modelling, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid and one of the few metals that can be metabolized inside the human body. The pervasive presence of arsenic in nature and anthropogenic sources from agricultural and medical use have perpetuated human exposure to this toxic and carcinogenic element. Highly exposed individuals are susceptible to various illnesses, including skin disorders; cognitive impairment; and cancers of the lung, liver, and kidneys. In fact, across the globe, approximately 200 million people are exposed to potentially toxic levels of arsenic, which has prompted substantial research and mitigation efforts to combat this extensive public health issue. This review provides an up-to-date look at arsenic-related challenges facing the global community, including current sources of arsenic, global disease burden, arsenic resistance, and shortcomings of ongoing mitigation measures, and discusses potential next steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The amino - functionalized magnetic graphene oxide combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for determination of trace inorganic arsenic species in water samples. Talanta 2021; 232:122425. [PMID: 34074411 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel adsorbent of magnetic graphene oxide (GO) chemically modified by cysteamine hydrochloride (Fe3O4@SiO2/GO-NH2) through thiol-ene click chemistry reaction was synthesized. The prepared Fe3O4@SiO2/GO-NH2 exhibit selective adsorption to As(V) with high adsorption capacity (52.66 mg g-1). Taking Fe3O4@SiO2/GO-NH2 as the adsorbents, a new method of magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was developed in determining trace-level inorganic arsenic species (As(III) and As(V)) in environmental water and bottled water samples. Various experimental parameters affecting the MSPE have been optimized. Under the optimal experimental parameters, the limit of detection of the established method for As(V) was 1.02 ng L-1, the relative standard deviations were 7.9% (intra-day, c = 50 ng L-1, n = 5) and 4.6% (inter-day, c = 50 ng L-1, n = 7), respectively, and the enrichment factor of the method was 392. GBW08666 and GBW08667 (certified reference material) were analyzed to confirm the accuracy of the method, and the results were matched well with the certified values. The established MSPE-GFAAS method was successfully applied in analyzing trace/ultratrace As(III) and As(V) in real water samples.
Collapse
|
25
|
Soler-Blasco R, Murcia M, Lozano M, Sarzo B, Esplugues A, Vioque J, Lertxundi N, Marina LS, Lertxundi A, Irizar A, Braeuer S, Goesler W, Ballester F, Llop S. Urinary arsenic species and methylation efficiency during pregnancy: Concentrations and associated factors in Spanish pregnant women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110889. [PMID: 33607098 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic (As) is considered to be toxic for humans, the main routes of exposure being through drinking water and the diet. Once ingested, inorganic arsenic can be methylated sequentially to monomethyl and dimethyl arsenicals. Several factors can affect both As exposure and methylation efficiency. OBJECTIVES To describe the urinary concentrations of the different As species and evaluate the methylation efficiency during pregnancy, as well as their associated factors in a birth cohort of pregnant Spanish women. METHODS Participants in this cross-sectional study were 1017 pregnant women from two areas of Spain who had taken part in the INMA (Environment and Childhood) project (2003-2008). Total As (organic and inorganic compounds) and its main metabolites (monomethylarsonic acid, [MMA], dimethylarsinic acid, [DMA], inorganic As [iAs]) and arsenobetaine [AB]) were measured in urine samples collected during the first trimester. Sociodemographic and dietary information was collected through questionnaires. Multivariate linear regression models were used to explore the association between As species concentrations and covariates. Arsenic methylation efficiency was determined through the percentages of the metabolites and using As methylation phenotypes, obtained from principal component analysis. RESULTS Median urine concentrations were 33.0, 21.6, 6.5, 0.35 and 0.33 μg/g creatinine for total As, AB, DMA, MMA and iAs, respectively. Daily consumption of rice and seafood during the first trimester of pregnancy were positively associated with the concentration of As species (i.e., β [CI95%] = 0.36 [0.09, 0.64] for rice and iAs, and 1.06 [0.68, 1.44] for seafood and AB). TAs, AB and iAs concentrations, and DMA and MMA concentrations were associated with legume and vegetable consumption, respectively. The medians of the percentage of As metabolites were 89.7 for %DMA, 5.1 for %MMA and 4.7 for %iAs. Non-smoker women and those with higher body mass index presented a higher methylation efficiency (denoted by a higher %DMA and lower %MMA). DISCUSSION Certain dietary, lifestyle, and environmental factors were observed to have an influence on both As species concentrations and methylation efficiency in our population. Further birth cohort studies in low exposure areas are necessary to improve knowledge about arsenic exposure, especially to inorganic forms, and its potential health impact during childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Soler-Blasco
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mario Murcia
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Health Information Systems Analysis Service, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Lozano
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Blanca Sarzo
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Esplugues
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research, ISABIAL-UMH, 03010, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nerea Lertxundi
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Faculty of Psychology of the University of the Basque Country, UPV/ EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Loreto Santa Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health of the University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Amaia Irizar
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health of the University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Simone Braeuer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Goesler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Park D, Propper CR, Wang G, Salanga MC. Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in arsenic (+3) methyltransferase of the Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and its gene expression among field populations. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:711-718. [PMID: 33811567 PMCID: PMC8060185 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring arsenic is toxic at extremely low concentrations, yet some species persist even in high arsenic environments. We wanted to test if these species show evidence of evolution associated with arsenic exposure. To do this, we compared allelic variation across 872 coding nucleotides of arsenic (+3) methyltransferase (as3mt) and whole fish as3mt gene expression from three field populations of Gambusia affinis, from water sources containing low (1.9 ppb), medium-low (3.3 ppb), and high (15.7 ppb) levels of arsenic. The high arsenic site exceeds the US EPA's Maximum Contamination Level for drinking water. Medium-low and high populations exhibited homozygosity, and no sequence variation across all animals sampled. Eleven of 24 fish examined (45.8%) in the low arsenic population harbored synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons 4 and/or 10. SNP presence in the low arsenic population was not associated with differences in as3mt transcript levels compared to fish from the medium-low site, where SNPs were noted; however, as3mt expression in fish from the high arsenic concentration site was significantly lower than the other two sites. Low sequence variation in fish populations from sites with medium-low and high arsenic concentrations suggests greater selective pressure on this allele, while higher variation in the low population suggests a relaxed selection. Our results suggest gene regulation associated with arsenic detoxification may play a more crucial role in influencing responses to arsenic than polymorphic gene sequence. Understanding microevolutionary processes to various contaminants require the evaluation of multiple populations across a wide range of pollution exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daesik Park
- Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Catherine R Propper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Guangning Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Matthew C Salanga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Arsenic methylation - Lessons from three decades of research. Toxicology 2021; 457:152800. [PMID: 33901604 PMCID: PMC10048126 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Between 1990 and 2020, our understanding of the significance of arsenic biomethylation changed in remarkable ways. At the beginning of this period, the conversion of inorganic arsenic into mono- and di-methylated metabolites was viewed primarily as a process that altered the kinetic behavior of arsenic. By increasing the rate of clearance of arsenic, the formation of methylated metabolites reduced exposure to this toxin; that is, methylation was detoxification. By 2020, it was clear that at least some of the toxic effects associated with As exposure depended on formation of methylated metabolites containing trivalent arsenic. Because the trivalent oxidation state of arsenic is associated with increased potency as a cytotoxin and clastogen, these findings were consistent with methylation-related changes in the dynamic behavior of arsenic. That is, methylation was activation. Our current understanding of the role of methylation as a modifier of kinetic and dynamic behaviors of arsenic is the product of research at molecular, cellular, organismic, and population levels. This information provides a basis for refining our estimates of risk associated with long term exposure to inorganic arsenic in environmental media, food, and water. This report summarizes the growth of our knowledge of enzymatically catalyzed methylation of arsenic over this period and considers the prospects for new discoveries.
Collapse
|
28
|
Medina Pérez OM, Flórez-Vargas O, Rincón Cruz G, Rondón González F, Rocha Muñoz L, Sánchez Rodríguez LH. Glutathione-related genetic polymorphisms are associated with mercury retention and nephrotoxicity in gold-mining settings of a Colombian population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8716. [PMID: 33888803 PMCID: PMC8062595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) vapor can produce kidney injury, where the proximal tubule region of the nephron is the main target of the Hg-induced oxidative stress. Hg is eliminated from the body as a glutathione conjugate. Thus, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in glutathione-related genes might modulate the negative impact of this metal on the kidneys. Glutathione-related SNPs were tested for association with levels of Hg and renal function biomarkers between occupationally exposed (n = 160) and non-exposed subjects (n = 121). SNPs were genotyped by TaqMan assays in genomic DNA samples. Total mercury concentration was measured in blood, urine and hair samples. Regression analyses were performed to estimate the effects of SNPs on quantitative traits. Alleles GCLM rs41303970-T and GSTP1 rs4147581-C were significantly overrepresented in the exposed compared with the non-exposed group (P < 0.01). We found significant associations for GCLM rs41303970-T with higher urinary clearance rate of Hg (β = 0.062, P = 0.047), whereas GCLC rs1555903-C was associated with lower levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate in the non-exposed group (eGFR, β = − 3.22, P = 0.008) and beta-2-microglobulin in the exposed group (β-2MCG, β = − 19.32, P = 0.02). A SNP-SNP interaction analysis showed significant epistasis between GSTA1 rs3957356-C and GSS rs3761144-G with higher urinary levels of Hg in the exposed (β = 0.13, P = 0.04) but not in the non-exposed group. Our results suggest that SNPs in glutathione-related genes could modulate the pathogenesis of Hg nephrotoxicity in our study population by modulating glutathione concentrations in individuals occupationally exposed to this heavy metal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Marcela Medina Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental y Toxicogenética, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Oscar Flórez-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental y Toxicogenética, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Giovanna Rincón Cruz
- Grupo de Inmunología y Epidemiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 32 No. 29-31; Building Roberto Serpa, Floor 5, Office 5, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Fernando Rondón González
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Linda Rocha Muñoz
- Grupo de Investigación CienciaUDES, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Luz Helena Sánchez Rodríguez
- Grupo de Inmunología y Epidemiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 32 No. 29-31; Building Roberto Serpa, Floor 5, Office 5, Bucaramanga, Colombia. .,Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental y Toxicogenética, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Farzan SF, Howe CG, Chavez TA, Hodes TL, Johnston JE, Habre R, Dunton G, Bastain TM, Breton CV. Demographic predictors of urinary arsenic in a low-income predominantly Hispanic pregnancy cohort in Los Angeles. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:94-107. [PMID: 32719440 PMCID: PMC7796897 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic (As) is a contaminant of top public health concern, due to its range of detrimental health effects. Arsenic exposure has not been well-characterized among the US Hispanic populations and has been particularly understudied in this population during pregnancy. METHODS As part of the MADRES ongoing pregnancy cohort of predominantly lower-income, Hispanic women in Los Angeles, CA, we examined levels of maternal first trimester urinary As, including total As and As metabolites (inorganic (iAs), monomethylated (MMA) and dimethylated As (DMA)), in relation to participant demographics, lifestyle characteristics, and rice/seafood consumption, to identify factors that may influence As exposure and its metabolites during pregnancy (N = 241). RESULTS Total As concentrations ranged from low to high (0.8-506.2 μg/L, mean: 9.0 μg/L, SD: 32.9) in our study population. Foreign-born Hispanic women had 8.6% higher %DMA (95% CI: 3.3%, 13.9%) and -7.7% lower %iAs (95% CI: -12.6%, -2.9%) than non-Hispanic women. A similar trend was observed for US-born Hispanic women. In addition, maternal age was associated with 0.4% higher %iAs (95% CI: 0.1%, 0.6%) and 0.4% lower %DMA (95% CI: -0.7%, -0.1%) per year, which may indicate poor As methylation capacity. CONCLUSION Individual factors may predict As exposure and metabolism in pregnancy, and in turn, greater risk of adverse health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Thomas A Chavez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Tahlia L Hodes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Jill E Johnston
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Genevieve Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Evolutionary processes, including mutation, migration and natural selection, have influenced the prevalence and distribution of various disorders in humans. However, despite a few well-known examples, such as the APOL1 variants - which have undergone positive genetic selection for their ability to confer resistance to Trypanosoma brucei infection but confer a higher risk of chronic kidney disease - little is known about the effects of evolutionary processes that have shaped genetic variation on kidney disease. An understanding of basic concepts in evolutionary genetics provides an opportunity to consider how findings from ancient and archaic genomes could inform our knowledge of evolution and provide insights into how population migration and genetic admixture have shaped the current distribution and landscape of human kidney-associated diseases. Differences in exposures to infectious agents, environmental toxins, dietary components and climate also have the potential to influence the evolutionary genetics of kidneys. Of note, selective pressure on loci associated with kidney disease is often from non-kidney diseases, and thus it is important to understand how the link between genome-wide selected loci and kidney disease occurs in relation to secondary nephropathies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Torbøl Pedersen J, De Loma J, Levi M, Palmgren M, Broberg K. Predicted AS3MT Proteins Methylate Arsenic and Support Two Major Phylogenetic AS3MT Groups. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:3041-3047. [PMID: 33156617 PMCID: PMC7759005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Inorganic
arsenic is one of the most toxic and carcinogenic substances
in the environment, but many organisms, including humans, methylate
inorganic arsenic to mono-, di-, and trimethylated arsenic metabolites,
which the organism can excrete. In humans and other eukaryotic organisms,
the arsenite methyltransferase (AS3MT) protein methylates arsenite.
AS3MT sequences from eukaryotic organisms group phylogenetically with
predicted eubacterial AS3MT sequences, which has led to the suggestion
that AS3MT was acquired from eubacteria by multiple events of horizontal
gene transfer. In this study, we evaluated whether 55 (out of which
47 were predicted based on protein sequence similarity) sequences
encoding putative AS3MT orthologues in 47 species from different kingdoms
can indeed methylate arsenic. Fifty-three of the proteins showed arsenic
methylating capacity. For example, the predicted AS3MT of the human
gut bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii methylated
arsenic efficiently. We performed a kinetic analysis of 14 AS3MT proteins
representing two phylogenetically distinct clades (Group 1 and 2)
that each contain both eubacterial and eukaryotic sequences. We found
that animal and bacterial AS3MTs in Group 1 rarely produce trimethylated
arsenic, whereas Hydra vulgaris and the bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris in Group 2 produce trimethylated
arsenic metabolites. These findings suggest that animals during evolution
have acquired different arsenic methylating phenotypes from different
bacteria. Further, it shows that humans carry two bacterial systems
for arsenic methylation: one bacterium-derived AS3MT from Group 1
incorporated in the human genome and one from Group 2 in F.
prausnitzii present in the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Torbøl Pedersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-1871, Denmark.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jessica De Loma
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Michael Levi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Karin Broberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-1871, Denmark.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sánchez Rodríguez LH, Medina Pérez OM, Rondón González F, Rincón Cruz G, Rocha Muñoz L, Flórez-Vargas O. Genetic Polymorphisms in Multispecific Transporters Mitigate Mercury Nephrotoxicity in an Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Community in Colombia. Toxicol Sci 2020; 178:338-346. [PMID: 32946573 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In artisanal and small-scale gold mining, occupational exposure to mercury (Hg) vapor is related to harmful effects on several organs, including the kidneys. We previously reported significantly increased levels of Hg in blood and urine despite normal kidney function in individuals from Colombia occupationally exposed to Hg compared with those nonexposed. We evaluated the contribution of 4 genetic variants in key genes encoding the transporters solute carrier (SLC; rs4149170 and rs4149182) and ATP-binding cassette(ABC; rs1202169 and rs1885301) in the pathogenesis of nephrotoxicity due to Hg exposure in these groups. Regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the blood- and urine-Hg concentration with SLC and ABC polymorphisms in 281 Colombian individuals (160 exposed and 121 nonexposed to Hg). We found an enrichment of ABCB1 rs1202169-T allele in the exposed group (p = .011; OR= 2.05; 95% CI = 1.18-3.58) compared with the nonexposure group. We also found that carriers of SLC22A8 rs4149182-G and ABCB1 rs1202169-T alleles had a higher urinary clearance rate of Hg than noncarriers (β = 0.13, p = .04), whereas carriers of SLC22A6 rs4149170-A and ABCB1 rs1202169-C alleles showed abnormal levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (β = -84.96, p = .040) and beta-2-microglobulin (β = 743.38, p < .001). Our results suggest that ABCB1 rs1202169 and its interaction with SLC22A8 rs4149182 and SLC22A6 rs4149170 could mitigate Hg nephrotoxicity by controlling the renal proximal tubule cell accumulation of inorganic Hg. This will be useful to estimate the risk of kidney toxicity associated to Hg and the genetic selection to aid adaptation to Hg-rich environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luz Helena Sánchez Rodríguez
- Grupo de Inmunología y Epidemiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología.,Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental y Toxicogenética
| | - Olga Marcela Medina Pérez
- Grupo de Inmunología y Epidemiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología.,Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental y Toxicogenética.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas
| | - Fernando Rondón González
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | | | - Linda Rocha Muñoz
- Grupo CienciaUDES, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia
| | - Oscar Flórez-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental y Toxicogenética.,Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4605
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rossnerova A, Izzotti A, Pulliero A, Bast A, Rattan SIS, Rossner P. The Molecular Mechanisms of Adaptive Response Related to Environmental Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197053. [PMID: 32992730 PMCID: PMC7582272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure of living organisms to environmental stress triggers defensive responses resulting in the activation of protective processes. Whenever the exposure occurs at low doses, defensive effects overwhelm the adverse effects of the exposure; this adaptive situation is referred to as “hormesis”. Environmental, physical, and nutritional hormetins lead to the stimulation and strengthening of the maintenance and repair systems in cells and tissues. Exercise, heat, and irradiation are examples of physical hormetins, which activate heat shock-, DNA repair-, and anti-oxidative-stress responses. The health promoting effect of many bio-actives in fruits and vegetables can be seen as the effect of mildly toxic compounds triggering this adaptive stimulus. Numerous studies indicate that living organisms possess the ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions, as exemplified by the fact that DNA damage and gene expression profiling in populations living in the environment with high levels of air pollution do not correspond to the concentrations of pollutants. The molecular mechanisms of the hormetic response include modulation of (a) transcription factor Nrf2 activating the synthesis of glutathione and the subsequent protection of the cell; (b) DNA methylation; and (c) microRNA. These findings provide evidence that hormesis is a toxicological event, occurring at low exposure doses to environmental stressors, having the benefit for the maintenance of a healthy status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pulliero
- Department of Health Science, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Aalt Bast
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Campus Venlo, Maastricht University, 5900 AA Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - S. I. S. Rattan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rees JS, Castellano S, Andrés AM. The Genomics of Human Local Adaptation. Trends Genet 2020; 36:415-428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
35
|
Vicuña L, Fernandez MI, Vial C, Valdebenito P, Chaparro E, Espinoza K, Ziegler A, Bustamante A, Eyheramendy S. Adaptation to Extreme Environments in an Admixed Human Population from the Atacama Desert. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 11:2468-2479. [PMID: 31384924 PMCID: PMC6733355 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (As) is a toxic xenobiotic and carcinogen associated with severe health conditions. The urban population from the Atacama Desert in northern Chile was exposed to extremely high As levels (up to 600 µg/l) in drinking water between 1958 and 1971, leading to increased incidence of urinary bladder cancer (BC), skin cancer, kidney cancer, and coronary thrombosis decades later. Besides, the Andean Native-American ancestors of the Atacama population were previously exposed for millennia to elevated As levels in water (∼120 µg/l) for at least 5,000 years, suggesting adaptation to this selective pressure. Here, we performed two genome-wide selection tests—PBSn1 and an ancestry-enrichment test—in an admixed population from Atacama, to identify adaptation signatures to As exposure acquired before and after admixture with Europeans, respectively. The top second variant selected by PBSn1 was associated with LCE4A-C1orf68, a gene that may be involved in the immune barrier of the epithelium during BC. We performed association tests between the top PBSn1 hits and BC occurrence in our population. The strongest association (P = 0.012) was achieved by the LCE4A-C1orf68 variant. The ancestry-enrichment test detected highly significant signals (P = 1.3 × 10−9) mapping MAK16, a gene with important roles in ribosome biogenesis during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic factors involved in adaptation to the pathophysiological consequences of As exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Vicuña
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario I Fernandez
- Department of Urology, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Center for Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Annemarie Ziegler
- Center for Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Susana Eyheramendy
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Peñalolén, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Apata M, Pfeifer SP. Recent population genomic insights into the genetic basis of arsenic tolerance in humans: the difficulties of identifying positively selected loci in strongly bottlenecked populations. Heredity (Edinb) 2020; 124:253-262. [PMID: 31776483 PMCID: PMC6972707 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-019-0285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in genomics have enabled researchers to shed light on the evolutionary processes driving human adaptation, by revealing the genetic architectures underlying traits ranging from lactase persistence, to skin pigmentation, to hypoxic response, to arsenic tolerance. Complicating the identification of targets of positive selection in modern human populations is their complex demographic history, characterized by population bottlenecks and expansions, population structure, migration, and admixture. In particular, founder effects and recent strong population size reductions, such as those experienced by the indigenous peoples of the Americas, have severe impacts on genetic variation that can lead to the accumulation of large allele frequency differences between populations due to genetic drift rather than natural selection. While distinguishing the effects of demographic history from selection remains challenging, neglecting neutral processes can lead to the incorrect identification of candidate loci. We here review the recent population genomic insights into the genetic basis of arsenic tolerance in Andean populations, and utilize this example to highlight both the difficulties pertaining to the identification of local adaptations in strongly bottlenecked populations, as well as the importance of controlling for demographic history in selection scans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Apata
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85821, USA
| | - Susanne P Pfeifer
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85821, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Murray J, Nordstrom DK, Dold B, Romero Orué M, Kirschbaum A. Origin and geochemistry of arsenic in surface and groundwaters of Los Pozuelos basin, Puna region, Central Andes, Argentina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134085. [PMID: 31487590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Los Pozuelos is a closed basin in the Puna region of NW Argentina, Central Andes. This is a semi-arid region where closed basins are the most important feature for the hydrologic systems. The center of the basin is occupied by a fluctuating playa lake called Los Pozuelos lagoon, which constitutes a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. This is one of the most populated closed basins in the Argentinian Puna and residents use groundwater for drinking and cooking. Lowest concentrations of As and dissolved solids are in the headwaters of the rivers (1.46-27 μg/L) and the highest concentrations are in the lagoon (43.7-200.3 μg/L). In groundwater, arsenic concentrations increase from the outer ring aquifer (3.82-29.7 μg/L) composed of alluvial-alluvial fan sediments to the inner lacustrine aquifer (10-113 μg/L) that surround the playa lake. Moreover, high concentrations of As during the dry season (90.2 and 113 μg/L), Na/K mass ratios (0.2 and 0.3), and formation of Na-rich efflorescent salts suggest that high evaporation rates increases As concentration, while rainwater dilutes the concentration during the wet season. As(V) is the dominant species in all the water types, except for the lagoon, where As(III) occasionally dominates because of organic matter buildup. There are at least three potential sources for As in water i) oxidation of As sulfides in Pan de Azúcar mine wastes, and acid mine drainage discharging into the basin; ii) weathering and erosion of mineralized shales; iii) weathering of volcanic eruptive non-mineralized rocks. Because it is a closed basin, the arsenic released from the natural and anthropogenic sources is transported in solution and in fluvial sediments and finally accumulates in the center of the basin where the concentration in water increases by evaporation with occasional enhancement by organic matter interaction in the lagoon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesica Murray
- Instituto de Bio y Geo Ciencias del Noroeste Argentino, Universidad Nacional de Salta - CONICET, 4405 Rosario de Lerma, Argentina; Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, EOST, CNRS, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
| | - D Kirk Nordstrom
- United States Geological Survey, Boulder, CO 80303, United States of America
| | - Bernhard Dold
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maria Romero Orué
- Instituto de Bio y Geo Ciencias del Noroeste Argentino, Universidad Nacional de Salta - CONICET, 4405 Rosario de Lerma, Argentina
| | - Alicia Kirschbaum
- Instituto de Bio y Geo Ciencias del Noroeste Argentino, Universidad Nacional de Salta - CONICET, 4405 Rosario de Lerma, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Magnetic metal-organic framework composites for dual-column solid-phase microextraction combined with ICP-MS for speciation of trace levels of arsenic. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 187:48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-4055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
39
|
Fuselli S. Beyond drugs: the evolution of genes involved in human response to medications. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191716. [PMID: 31640517 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic variation of our species reflects human demographic history and adaptation to diverse local environments. Part of this genetic variation affects individual responses to exogenous substances, such as food, pollutants and drugs, and plays an important role in drug efficacy and safety. This review provides a synthesis of the evolution of loci implicated in human pharmacological response and metabolism, interpreted within the theoretical framework of population genetics and molecular evolution. In particular, I review and discuss key evolutionary aspects of different pharmacogenes in humans and other species, such as the relationship between the type of substrates and rate of evolution; the selective pressure exerted by landscape variables or dietary habits; expected and observed patterns of rare genetic variation. Finally, I discuss how this knowledge can be translated directly or after the implementation of specific studies, into practical guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fuselli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
An Evolutionary Perspective on the Impact of Genomic Copy Number Variation on Human Health. J Mol Evol 2019; 88:104-119. [PMID: 31522275 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-019-09911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs), deletions and duplications of segments of DNA, account for at least five times more variable base pairs in humans than single-nucleotide variants. Several common CNVs were shown to change coding and regulatory sequences and thus dramatically affect adaptive phenotypes involving immunity, perception, metabolism, skin structure, among others. Some of these CNVs were also associated with susceptibility to cancer, infection, and metabolic disorders. These observations raise the possibility that CNVs are a primary contributor to human phenotypic variation and consequently evolve under selective pressures. Indeed, locus-specific haplotype-level analyses revealed signatures of natural selection on several CNVs. However, more traditional tests of selection which are often applied to single-nucleotide variation often have diminished statistical power when applied to CNVs because they often do not show strong linkage disequilibrium with nearby variants. Recombination-based formation mechanisms of CNVs lead to frequent recurrence and gene conversion events, breaking the linkage disequilibrium involving CNVs. Similar methodological challenges also prevent routine genome-wide association studies to adequately investigate the impact of CNVs on heritable human disease. Thus, we argue that the full relevance of CNVs to human health and evolution is yet to be elucidated. We further argue that a holistic investigation of formation mechanisms within an evolutionary framework would provide a powerful framework to understand the functional and biomedical impact of CNVs. In this paper, we review several cases where studies reveal diverse evolutionary histories and unexpected functional consequences of CNVs. We hope that this review will encourage further work on CNVs by both evolutionary and medical geneticists.
Collapse
|
41
|
Fan C, Liu G, Long Y, Rosen B, Cai Y. Thiolation in arsenic metabolism: a chemical perspective. Metallomics 2019; 10:1368-1382. [PMID: 30207373 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00231b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, methylated thioarsenicals have been widely detected in various biological and environmental matrices, suggesting their broad involvement and biological importance in arsenic metabolism. However, very little is known about the formation mechanism of methylated thioarsenicals and the relation between arsenic methylation and thiolation processes. It is timely and necessary to summarize and synthesize the reported information on thiolated arsenicals for an improved understanding of arsenic thiolation. To this end, we examined the proposed formation pathways of methylated oxoarsenicals and thioarsenicals from a chemical perspective and proposed a novel arsenic metabolic scheme, in which arsenic thiolation is integrated with methylation (instead of being separated from methylation as currently reported). We suggest in the new scheme that protein-bound pentavalent arsenicals are critical intermediates that connect methylation and thiolation, with protein binding of pentavalent methylated thioarsenical being a key step for arsenic thiolation. This informative review on arsenic thiolation from the chemical perspective will be helpful to better understand the arsenic metabolism at the molecular level and the toxicological effects of arsenic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Fan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tapia J, Murray J, Ormachea M, Tirado N, Nordstrom DK. Origin, distribution, and geochemistry of arsenic in the Altiplano-Puna plateau of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Perú. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:309-325. [PMID: 31075598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of arsenic in water supplies represent a worldwide health concern. In at least 14 countries of South America, high levels have been detected relative to international standards and guidelines. Within these countries, the high plateau referred to as the "Altiplano-Puna", encompassing areas of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Perú, exhibits high arsenic concentrations that could be affecting 3 million inhabitants. The origins of arsenic in the Altiplano-Puna plateau are diverse and are mainly natural in origin. Of the natural sources, the most important correspond to mineral deposits, brines, hot springs, and volcanic rocks, whereas anthropogenic sources are related to mining activities and the release of acid mine drainage (AMD). Arsenic is found in all water types of the Altiplano-Puna plateau over a wide range of concentrations (0.01 mg·L-1 < As in water > 10 mg·L-1) which in decreasing order correspond to: AMD, brines, saline waters, hot springs, rivers affected by AMD, rivers and lakes, and groundwater. Despite the few studies which report As speciation, this metalloid appears mostly in its oxidized form (As[V]) and its mobility is highly susceptible to the influence of dry and wet seasons. Once arsenic is released from its natural sources, it also precipitates in secondary minerals where it is generally stable in the form of saline precipitates and Fe oxides. In relation to human health, arsenic adaptation has been detected in some aboriginal communities of the Puna together with an efficient metabolism of this metalloid. Also, the inefficient methylation of inorganic As in women of the Altiplano might lead to adverse health effects such as cancer. Despite the health risks of living in this arsenic-rich environment with limited water resources, not all of the Altiplano-Puna is properly characterized and there exists a lack of information regarding the basic geochemistry of arsenic in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tapia
- Escuela de Geología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile.
| | - J Murray
- Instituto de Bio y Geo Ciencias del NOA (IBIGEO), Universidad Nacional de Salta - CONICET, Av. 9 de Julio 14, Rosario de Lerma, Salta, Argentina; Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg/EOST-CNRS UMR 7517, 1 Rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Ormachea
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Campus Universitario, Calle 27 Cota Cota, Casilla 303, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - N Tirado
- Instituto de Genética-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Av. Saavedra No 2246, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sarret G, Guédron S, Acha D, Bureau S, Arnaud-Godet F, Tisserand D, Goni-Urriza M, Gassie C, Duwig C, Proux O, Aucour AM. Extreme Arsenic Bioaccumulation Factor Variability in Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10626. [PMID: 31337829 PMCID: PMC6650431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Latin America, like other areas in the world, is faced with the problem of high arsenic (As) background in surface and groundwater, with impacts on human health. We studied As biogeochemical cycling by periphyton in Lake Titicaca and the mine-impacted Lake Uru Uru. As concentration was measured in water, sediment, totora plants (Schoenoplectus californicus) and periphyton growing on stems, and As speciation was determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy in bulk and EDTA-extracted periphyton. Dissolved arsenic was between 5.0 and 15 μg L−1 in Lake Titicaca and reached 78.5 μg L−1 in Lake Uru Uru. As accumulation in periphyton was highly variable. We report the highest As bioaccumulation factors ever measured (BAFsperiphyton up to 245,000) in one zone of Lake Titicaca, with As present as As(V) and monomethyl-As (MMA(V)). Non-accumulating periphyton found in the other sites presented BAFsperiphyton between 1281 and 11,962, with As present as As(III), As(V) and arsenosugars. DNA analysis evidenced several taxa possibly related to this phenomenon. Further screening of bacterial and algal isolates would be necessary to identify the organism(s) responsible for As hyperaccumulation. Impacts on the ecosystem and human health appear limited, but such organisms or consortia would be of great interest for the treatment of As contaminated water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Sarret
- ISTerre (Institut des Sciences de la Terre), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IFFSTAR, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Stéphane Guédron
- ISTerre (Institut des Sciences de la Terre), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IFFSTAR, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Dario Acha
- Instituto de Ecología, Unidad de Calidad Ambiental (UCA), Carrera de Biología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Campus Universitario de Cota Cota, casilla La Paz, 10077, Bolivia
| | - Sarah Bureau
- ISTerre (Institut des Sciences de la Terre), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IFFSTAR, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Florent Arnaud-Godet
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5276 LGL-TPE, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Delphine Tisserand
- ISTerre (Institut des Sciences de la Terre), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IFFSTAR, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marisol Goni-Urriza
- Environmental Microbiology, CNRS/ UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR/E2S UPPA, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physicochimie pour l'environnement et les matériaux, IPREM, UMR5254, Pau, France
| | - Claire Gassie
- Environmental Microbiology, CNRS/ UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR/E2S UPPA, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physicochimie pour l'environnement et les matériaux, IPREM, UMR5254, Pau, France
| | - Céline Duwig
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IGE, Grenoble, F-38 000, France
| | - Olivier Proux
- OSUG (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Marie Aucour
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5276 LGL-TPE, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen S, Kimatu BM, Fang D, Chen X, Chen G, Hu Q, Zhao L. Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on Transformations of Arsenic Species in Edible Mushrooms. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1639056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyang Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Benard Muinde Kimatu
- Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Donglu Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guitang Chen
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Reynolds AW, Mata-Míguez J, Miró-Herrans A, Briggs-Cloud M, Sylestine A, Barajas-Olmos F, Garcia-Ortiz H, Rzhetskaya M, Orozco L, Raff JA, Hayes MG, Bolnick DA. Comparing signals of natural selection between three Indigenous North American populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:9312-9317. [PMID: 30988184 PMCID: PMC6511053 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819467116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While many studies have highlighted human adaptations to diverse environments worldwide, genomic studies of natural selection in Indigenous populations in the Americas have been absent from this literature until very recently. Since humans first entered the Americas some 20,000 years ago, they have settled in many new environments across the continent. This diversity of environments has placed variable selective pressures on the populations living in each region, but the effects of these pressures have not been extensively studied to date. To help fill this gap, we collected genome-wide data from three Indigenous North American populations from different geographic regions of the continent (Alaska, southeastern United States, and central Mexico). We identified signals of natural selection in each population and compared signals across populations to explore the differences in selective pressures among the three regions sampled. We find evidence of adaptation to cold and high-latitude environments in Alaska, while in the southeastern United States and central Mexico, pathogenic environments seem to have created important selective pressures. This study lays the foundation for additional functional and phenotypic work on possible adaptations to varied environments during the history of population diversification in the Americas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin W Reynolds
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616;
| | - Jaime Mata-Míguez
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Aida Miró-Herrans
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Marcus Briggs-Cloud
- Maskoke, Gainesville, FL 32611
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | | | | | | | - Margarita Rzhetskaya
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Lorena Orozco
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Delegación Tlalpan, 14610 México
| | - Jennifer A Raff
- Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7556
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Deborah A Bolnick
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1176
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1176
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zdraljevic S, Fox BW, Strand C, Panda O, Tenjo FJ, Brady SC, Crombie TA, Doench JG, Schroeder FC, Andersen EC. Natural variation in C. elegans arsenic toxicity is explained by differences in branched chain amino acid metabolism. eLife 2019; 8:40260. [PMID: 30958264 PMCID: PMC6453569 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We find that variation in the dbt-1 gene underlies natural differences in Caenorhabditis elegans responses to the toxin arsenic. This gene encodes the E2 subunit of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex, a core component of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. We causally linked a non-synonymous variant in the conserved lipoyl domain of DBT-1 to differential arsenic responses. Using targeted metabolomics and chemical supplementation, we demonstrate that differences in responses to arsenic are caused by variation in iso-branched chain fatty acids. Additionally, we show that levels of branched chain fatty acids in human cells are perturbed by arsenic treatment. This finding has broad implications for arsenic toxicity and for arsenic-focused chemotherapeutics across human populations. Our study implicates the BCKDH complex and BCAA metabolism in arsenic responses, demonstrating the power of C. elegans natural genetic diversity to identify novel mechanisms by which environmental toxins affect organismal physiology. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zdraljevic
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Bennett William Fox
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | | | - Oishika Panda
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States
| | - Francisco J Tenjo
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Shannon C Brady
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Tim A Crombie
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Erik C Andersen
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
De Loma J, Tirado N, Ascui F, Levi M, Vahter M, Broberg K, Gardon J. Elevated arsenic exposure and efficient arsenic metabolism in indigenous women around Lake Poopó, Bolivia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:179-186. [PMID: 30537579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of inorganic arsenic, one of the most potent environmental toxicants and carcinogens, have been detected in well water around Lake Poopó, Bolivia. This study aimed to assess human exposure to arsenic in villages around Lake Poopó, and also to elucidate whether the metabolism and detoxification of arsenic in this population is as efficient as previously indicated in other Andean areas. We recruited 201 women from 10 villages around Lake Poopó. Arsenic exposure was determined as the sum concentration of arsenic metabolites (inorganic arsenic; monomethylarsonic acid, MMA; and dimethylarsinic acid, DMA) in urine (U-As), measured by HPLC-HG-ICP-MS. Efficiency of arsenic metabolism was assessed by the relative fractions of the urinary metabolites. The women had a wide variation in U-As (range 12-407 μg/L, median 65 μg/L) and a markedly efficient metabolism of arsenic with low %MMA (median 7.7%, range: 2.2-18%) and high %DMA (80%, range: 54-91%) in urine. In multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, ethnicity (Aymara-Quechua vs. Uru), body weight, fish consumption and tobacco smoking were associated with urinary arsenic metabolite fractions. On average, the Uru women had 2.5 lower % (percentage unit) iAs, 2.2 lower %MMA and 4.7 higher %DMA compared with the Aymara-Quechua women. Our study identified several factors that may predict these women's arsenic methylation capacity, particularly ethnicity. Further studies should focus on mechanisms underlying these differences in arsenic metabolism efficiency, and its importance for the risk of arsenic-related health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica De Loma
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noemi Tirado
- Genetics Institute, Genotoxicology Unit, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Franz Ascui
- Programa de Salud Familiar Comunitaria e Intercultural (SAFCI), Ministerio de Salud Bolivia, Bolivia
| | - Michael Levi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jacques Gardon
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, CNRS, University of Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pierce BL, Tong L, Dean S, Argos M, Jasmine F, Rakibuz-Zaman M, Sarwar G, Islam MT, Shahriar H, Islam T, Rahman M, Yunus M, Lynch VJ, Oglesbee D, Graziano JH, Kibriya MG, Gamble MV, Ahsan H. A missense variant in FTCD is associated with arsenic metabolism and toxicity phenotypes in Bangladesh. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007984. [PMID: 30893314 PMCID: PMC6443193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a carcinogen, and exposure to iAs via food and water is a global public health problem. iAs-contaminated drinking water alone affects >100 million people worldwide, including ~50 million in Bangladesh. Once absorbed into the blood stream, most iAs is converted to mono-methylated (MMA) and then di-methylated (DMA) forms, facilitating excretion in urine. Arsenic metabolism efficiency varies among individuals, in part due to genetic variation near AS3MT (arsenite methyltransferase; 10q24.32). To identify additional arsenic metabolism loci, we measured protein-coding variants across the human exome for 1,660 Bangladeshi individuals participating in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS). Among the 19,992 coding variants analyzed exome-wide, the minor allele (A) of rs61735836 (p.Val101Met) in exon 3 of FTCD (formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase) was associated with increased urinary iAs% (P = 8x10-13), increased MMA% (P = 2x10-16) and decreased DMA% (P = 6x10-23). Among 2,401 individuals with arsenic-induced skin lesions (an indicator of arsenic toxicity and cancer risk) and 2,472 controls, carrying the low-efficiency A allele (frequency = 7%) was associated with increased skin lesion risk (odds ratio = 1.35; P = 1x10-5). rs61735836 is in weak linkage disequilibrium with all nearby variants. The high-efficiency/major allele (G/Valine) is human-specific and eliminates a start codon at the first 5´-proximal Kozak sequence in FTCD, suggesting selection against an alternative translation start site. FTCD is critical for catabolism of histidine, a process that generates one-carbon units that can enter the one-carbon/folate cycle, which provides methyl groups for arsenic metabolism. In our study population, FTCD and AS3MT SNPs together explain ~10% of the variation in DMA% and support a causal effect of arsenic metabolism efficiency on arsenic toxicity (i.e., skin lesions). In summary, this work identifies a coding variant in FTCD associated with arsenic metabolism efficiency, providing new evidence supporting the established link between one-carbon/folate metabolism and arsenic toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L. Pierce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL United States of America
| | - Lin Tong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Samantha Dean
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Maria Argos
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Farzana Jasmine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | | | - Golam Sarwar
- UChicago Research Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hasan Shahriar
- UChicago Research Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tariqul Islam
- UChicago Research Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuzar Rahman
- UChicago Research Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Yunus
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Vincent J. Lynch
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Joseph H. Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Muhammad G. Kibriya
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mary V. Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Stajnko A, Šlejkovec Z, Mazej D, France-Štiglic A, Briški AS, Prpić I, Špirić Z, Horvat M, Falnoga I. Arsenic metabolites; selenium; and AS3MT, MTHFR, AQP4, AQP9, SELENOP, INMT, and MT2A polymorphisms in Croatian-Slovenian population from PHIME-CROME study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:301-319. [PMID: 30612060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between inorganic arsenic (iAs) metabolism, selenium (Se) status, and genetic polymorphisms of various genes, commonly studied in populations exposed to high levels of iAs from drinking water, were studied in a Croatian-Slovenian population from the wider PHIME-CROME project. Population consisted of 136 pregnant women in the 3rd trimester and 176 non-pregnant women with their children (n = 176, 8-9 years old). Their exposure to iAs, defined by As (speciation) analyses of biological samples, was low. The sums of biologically active metabolites (arsenite + arsenate + methylated As forms) for pregnant women, non-pregnant women, and children, respectively were: 3.23 (2.84-3.68), 1.83 (1.54-2.16) and 2.18 (1.86-2.54) ng/mLSG; GM (95 CI). Corresponding plasma Se levels were: 54.8 (52.8-56.9), 82.3 (80.4-84.0) and 65.8 (64.3-67.3) ng/mL; GM (95 CI). As methylation efficiency indexes confirmed the relationship between pregnancy/childhood and better methylation efficiency. Archived blood and/or saliva samples were used for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping of arsenic(3+) methyltransferase - AS3MT (rs7085104, rs3740400, rs3740393, rs3740390, rs11191439, rs10748835, rs1046778 and the corresponding AS3MT haplotype); methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase - MTHFR (rs1801131, rs1801133); aquaporin - AQP 4 and 9 (rs9951307 and rs2414539); selenoprotein P1 - SELENOP (rs7579, rs3877899); indolethylamine N-methyltransferase - INMT (rs6970396); and metallothionein 2A - MT2A (rs28366003). Associations of SNPs with As parameters and urine Se were determined through multiple regression analyses adjusted using appropriate confounders (blood As, plasma Se, ever smoking, etc.). SNPs' influence on As methylation, defined particularly by the secondary methylation index (SMI), confirmed the 'protective' role of minor alleles of six AS3MT SNPs and their haplotype only among non-pregnant women. Among the other investigated genes, the carriers of AQP9 (rs2414539) were associated with more efficient As methylation and higher urine concentration of As and Se among non-pregnant women; poorer methylation was observed for carriers of AQP4 (rs9951307) among pregnant women and SELENOP (rs7579) among non-pregnant women; MT2A (rs28366003) was associated with higher urine concentration of AsIII regardless of the pregnancy status; and INMT (rs6970396) was associated with higher As and Se concentration in non-pregnant women. Among confounders, the strongest influence was observed for plasma Se; it reduced urine AsIII concentration during pregnancy and increased secondary methylation index among non-pregnant women. In the present study of populations with low As exposure, we observed a few new As-gene associations (particularly with AQPs). More reliable interpretations will be possible after their confirmation in larger populations with higher As exposure levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Stajnko
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zdenka Šlejkovec
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka France-Štiglic
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoševa 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Sešek Briški
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoševa 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Prpić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, Rijeka, Croatia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Ul. Braće Branchetta 20/1, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Zdravko Špirić
- Green infrastructure ltd., Fallerovo šetalište 22, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ingrid Falnoga
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Smith CT, Von Bargen J, DeHaan PW, Scheerer P, Meeuwig MH. Genetic structure and the history of chub in the Alvord Basin. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|