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Adan IH, Asudi GO, Niassy S, Jalloh AA, Mutua JM, Chidawanyika F, Khamis F, Khan Z, Subramanian S, Dubois T, Mutyambai DM. Comparative microbiome diversity in root-nodules of three Desmodium species used in push-pull cropping system. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1395811. [PMID: 38966391 PMCID: PMC11222577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1395811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Desmodium species used as intercrops in push-pull cropping systems are known to repel insect-pests, suppress Striga species weeds, and shift soil microbiome. However, the mechanisms through which Desmodium species impact the soil microbiome, either through its root exudates, changes in soil nutrition, or shading microbes from its nodules into the rhizosphere, are less understood. Here, we investigated the diversity of root-nodule microbial communities of three Desmodium species- Desmodium uncinatum (SLD), Desmodium intortum (GLD), and Desmodium incanum (AID) which are currently used in smallholder maize push-pull technology (PPT). Methods Desmodium species root-nodule samples were collected from selected smallholder farms in western Kenya, and genomic DNA was extracted from the root-nodules. The amplicons underwent paired-end Illumina sequencing to assess bacterial and fungal populations. Results We found no significant differences in composition and relative abundance of bacterial and fungal species within the root-nodules of the three Desmodium species. While a more pronounced shift was observed for fungal community compositions compared to bacteria, no significant differences were observed in the general diversity (evenness and richness) of fungal and bacterial populations among the three Desmodium species. Similarly, beta diversity was not significantly different among the three Desmodium species. The root-nodule microbiome of the three Desmodium species was dominated by Bradyrhizobium and Fusarium species. Nevertheless, there were significant differences in the proportion of marker gene sequences responsible for energy and amino acid biosynthesis among the three Desmodium species, with higher sequence proportions observed in SLD. Conclusion There is no significant difference in the microbial community of the three Desmodium species used in PPT. However, root-nodule microbiome of SLD had significantly higher marker gene sequences responsible for energy and amino acid biosynthesis. Therefore, it is likely that the root-nodules of the three Desmodium species host similar microbiomes and influence soil health, consequently impacting plant growth and agroecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isack H. Adan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Ochieng Asudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Saliou Niassy
- Inter-African Phytosanitary Council of the African Union, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Abdul A. Jalloh
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Frank Chidawanyika
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Fathiya Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zeyaur Khan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Thomas Dubois
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Munyao Mutyambai
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Life Science, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
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Jiang S, Jin X, Liu Z, Xu R, Hou C, Zhang F, Fan C, Wu H, Chen T, Shi J, Hu Z, Wang G, Teng S, Li L, Li Y. Natural variation in SSW1 coordinates seed growth and nitrogen use efficiency in Arabidopsis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114150. [PMID: 38678565 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Seed size is controlled not only by intrinsic genetic factors but also by external environmental signals. Here, we report a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) gene for seed size and weight on chromosome 1 (SSW1) in Arabidopsis, and we found SSW1 acts maternally to positively regulate seed size. Natural variation in SSW1 contains three types of alleles. The SSW1Cvi allele produces larger seeds with more amino acid and storage protein contents than the SSW1Ler allele. SSW1Cvi displays higher capacity for amino acid transport than SSW1Ler due to the differences in transport efficiency. Under low nitrogen supply, the SSW1Cvi allele exhibits increased seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Locations of natural variation alleles of SSW1 are associated with local soil nitrogen contents, suggesting that SSW1 might contribute to geographical adaptation in Arabidopsis. Thus, our findings reveal a mechanism that coordinates seed growth and NUE, suggesting a potential target for improving seed yield and NUE in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ximing Jin
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zebin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Congcong Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huilan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tianyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jianghua Shi
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zanmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Sheng Teng
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
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3
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Duan Y, Wang G, Liang L, Wang M, Jiang J, Ma Y, Zhu X, Wu J, Fang W. Intercropping fruit trees in tea plantation improves soil properties and the formation of tea quality components. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108574. [PMID: 38564979 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Intercropping has been recommended as a beneficial cropping practice for improving soil characteristic and tea quality. However, there is limited research on the effects of intercropping fruit trees on soil chemical properties, soil aggregate structure, and tea quality components. In this study, intercropping fruit trees, specifically loquats and citrus, had a significant impact on the total available nutrients, AMN, and AP in soil. During spring and autumn seasons, the soil large-macroaggregates (>2 mm) proportion increased by 5.93% and 19.03%, as well as 29.23% and 19.14%, respectively, when intercropping loquats and citrus. Similarly, intercropping waxberry resulted in a highest small-macroaggregates (0.25 mm-2 mm) proportion at 54.89% and 77.32%. Soil aggregate stability parameters of the R0.25, MWD, and GMD were generally considered better soil aggregate stability indicators, and significantly improved in intercropping systems. Intercropping waxberry with higher values for those aggregate stability parameters and lower D values, showed a better soil aggregate distribution, while intercropping loquats and citrus at higher levels of AMN and AP in different soil aggregate sizes. As the soil aggregate sizes increased, the AMN and AP contents gradually decreased. Furthermore, the enhanced levels of amino acids were observed under loquat, waxberry, and citrus intercropping in spring, which increased by 27.98%, 27.35%, and 26.21%, respectively. The contents of tea polyphenol and caffeine were lower under loquat and citrus intercropping in spring. These findings indicated that intercropping fruit trees, specifically loquat and citrus, have immense potential in promoting the green and sustainable development of tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Duan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Horticultural Station, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Luyao Liang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Menghe Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanchun Ma
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Jiangsu vocational college of agriculture and forestry, Zhenjiang, 212400, China.
| | - Wanping Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Nanjareddy K, Guerrero-Carrillo MF, Lara M, Arthikala MK. Genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of the Amino Acid Transporter (AAT) gene family and their roles during Phaseolus vulgaris symbioses. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:47. [PMID: 38430379 PMCID: PMC10908646 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters (AATs) are essential integral membrane proteins that serve multiple roles, such as facilitating the transport of amino acids across cell membranes. They play a crucial role in the growth and development of plants. Phaseolus vulgaris, a significant legume crop, serves as a valuable model for studying root symbiosis. In this study, we have conducted an exploration of the AAT gene family in P. vulgaris. In this research, we identified 84 AAT genes within the P. vulgaris genome sequence and categorized them into 12 subfamilies based on their similarity and phylogenetic relationships with AATs found in Arabidopsis and rice. Interestingly, these AAT genes were not evenly distributed across the chromosomes of P. vulgaris . Instead, there was an unusual concentration of these genes located toward the outer edges of chromosomal arms. Upon conducting motif analysis and gene structural analysis, we observed a consistent presence of similar motifs and an intron-exon distribution pattern among the subfamilies. When we analyzed the expression profiles of PvAAT genes, we noted tissue-specific expression patterns. Furthermore, our investigation into AAT gene expression under rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiotic conditions revealed that certain genes exhibited high levels of expression. Specifically, ATLa5 and LHT2 was notably upregulated under both symbiotic conditions. These findings point towards a potential role of AATs in the context of rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiosis in P. vulgaris, in addition to their well-established regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Nanjareddy
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Leon, Guanajuato, C.P. 37689, México.
| | - María Fernanda Guerrero-Carrillo
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Leon, Guanajuato, C.P. 37689, México
| | - Miguel Lara
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, 62210, Morelos, México
| | - Manoj-Kumar Arthikala
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Leon, Guanajuato, C.P. 37689, México.
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Cid GA, Francioli D, Kolb S, Tandron Moya YA, von Wirén N, Hajirezaei MR. Transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches elucidate the systemic response of wheat plants under waterlogging. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1510-1529. [PMID: 38014629 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather conditions lead to significant imbalances in crop productivity, which in turn affect food security. Flooding events cause serious problems for many crop species such as wheat. Although metabolic readjustments under flooding are important for plant regeneration, underlying processes remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the systemic response of wheat to waterlogging using metabolomics and transcriptomics. A 12 d exposure to excess water triggered nutritional imbalances and disruption of metabolite synthesis and translocation, reflected by reductions in plant biomass and growth performance. Metabolic and transcriptomic profiling in roots, xylem sap, and leaves indicated anaerobic fermentation processes as a local response in roots. Differentially expressed genes and ontological categories revealed that carbohydrate metabolism plays an important role in the systemic response. Analysis of the composition of xylem exudates revealed decreased root-to-shoot translocation of nutrients, hormones, and amino acids. Interestingly, among all metabolites measured in xylem exudates, alanine was the most abundant. Immersion of excised leaves derived from waterlogged plants in alanine solution led to increased leaf glucose concentration. Our results suggest an important role of alanine not only as an amino-nitrogen donor but also as a vehicle for carbon skeletons to produce glucose de novo and meet the energy demand during waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeisy Angela Cid
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Davide Francioli
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Steffen Kolb
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | | | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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6
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Yang H, Zhang X, Yan C, Zhou R, Li J, Liu S, Wang Z, Zhou J, Zhu L, Jia H. Novel Insights into the Promoted Accumulation of Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Roots of Legume Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2058-2068. [PMID: 38230546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (sub-PAHs) are receiving increased attention due to their high toxicity and ubiquitous presence. However, the accumulation behaviors of sub-PAHs in crop roots remain unclear. In this study, the accumulation mechanism of sub-PAHs in crop roots was systematically disclosed by hydroponic experiments from the perspectives of utilization, uptake, and elimination. The obtained results showed an interesting phenomenon that despite not having the strongest hydrophobicity among the five sub-PAHs, nitro-PAHs (including 9-nitroanthracene and 1-nitropyrene) displayed the strongest accumulation potential in the roots of legume plants, including mung bean and soybean. The nitrogen-deficient experiments, inhibitor experiments, and transcriptomics analysis reveal that nitro-PAHs could be utilized by legumes as a nitrogen source, thus being significantly absorbed by active transport, which relies on amino acid transporters driven by H+-ATPase. Molecular docking simulation further demonstrates that the nitro group is a significant determinant of interaction with an amino acid transporter. Moreover, the depuration experiments indicate that the nitro-PAHs may enter the root cells, further slowing their elimination rates and enhancing the accumulation potential in legume roots. Our results shed light on a previously unappreciated mechanism for root accumulation of sub-PAHs, which may affect their biogeochemical processes in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chenghe Yan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Run Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Siqian Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
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Kalwan G, Priyadarshini P, Kumar K, Yadava YK, Yadav S, Kohli D, Gill SS, Gaikwad K, Hegde V, Jain PK. Genome wide identification and characterization of the amino acid transporter (AAT) genes regulating seed protein content in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126324. [PMID: 37591427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters (AATs), besides, being a crucial component for nutrient partitioning system are also vital for growth and development of the plants and stress resilience. In order to understand the role of AAT genes in seed quality proteins, a comprehensive analysis of AAT gene family was carried out in chickpea leading to identification of 109 AAT genes, representing 10 subfamilies with random distribution across the chickpea genome. Several important stress responsive cis-regulatory elements like Myb, ABRE, ERE were detected in the promoter region of these CaAAT genes. Most of the genes belonging to the same sub-families shared the intron-exon distribution pattern owing to their conserved nature. Random distribution of these CaAAT genes was observed on plasma membrane, vacuolar membrane, Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes, which may be associated to distinct biochemical pathways. In total 92 out 109 CaAAT genes arise as result of duplication, among which segmental duplication was more prominent over tandem duplication. As expected, the phylogenetic tree was divided into 2 major clades, and further sub-divided into different sub-families. Among the 109 CaAAT genes, 25 were found to be interacting with 25 miRNAs, many miRNAs like miR156, miR159 and miR164 were interacting only with single AAT genes. Tissues specific expression pattern of many CaAAT genes was observed like CaAAP7 and CaAVT18 in nodules, CaAAP17, CaAVT5 and CaCAT9 in vegetative tissues while CaCAT10 and CaAAP23 in seed related tissues as per the expression analysis. Mature seed transcriptome data revealed that genotypes having high protein content (ICC 8397, ICC 13461) showed low CaAATs expression as compared to the genotypes having low protein content (FG 212, BG 3054). Amino acid profiling of these genotypes revealed a significant difference in amount of essential and non-essential amino acids, probably due to differential expression of CaAATs. Thus, the present study provides insights into the biological role of AAT genes in chickpea, which will facilitate their functional characterization and role in various developmental stages, stress responses and involvement in nutritional quality enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Kalwan
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Parichita Priyadarshini
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; ICAR - Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208024, India
| | | | - Sheel Yadav
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Deshika Kohli
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Stress Physiology & Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124 001, Haryana, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Venkatraman Hegde
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jain
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Maniero RA, Koltun A, Vitti M, Factor BG, de Setta N, Câmara AS, Lima JE, Figueira A. Identification and functional characterization of the sugarcane ( Saccharum spp.) AMT2-type ammonium transporter ScAMT3;3 revealed a presumed role in shoot ammonium remobilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1299025. [PMID: 38098795 PMCID: PMC10720369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1299025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important crop for sugar and bioethanol production worldwide. To maintain and increase sugarcane yields in marginal areas, the use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers is essential, but N overuse may result in the leaching of reactive N to the natural environment. Despite the importance of N in sugarcane production, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in N homeostasis in this crop, particularly regarding ammonium (NH4 +), the sugarcane's preferred source of N. Here, using a sugarcane bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library and a series of in silico analyses, we identified an AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER (AMT) from the AMT2 subfamily, sugarcane AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER 3;3 (ScAMT3;3), which is constitutively and highly expressed in young and mature leaves. To characterize its biochemical function, we ectopically expressed ScAMT3;3 in heterologous systems (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana). The complementation of triple mep mutant yeast demonstrated that ScAMT3;3 is functional for NH3/H+ cotransport at high availability of NH4 + and under physiological pH conditions. The ectopic expression of ScAMT3;3 in the Arabidopsis quadruple AMT knockout mutant restored the transport capacity of 15N-NH4 + in roots and plant growth under specific N availability conditions, confirming the role of ScAMT3;3 in NH4 + transport in planta. Our results indicate that ScAMT3;3 belongs to the low-affinity transport system (Km 270.9 µM; Vmax 209.3 µmol g-1 root DW h-1). We were able to infer that ScAMT3;3 plays a presumed role in NH4 + source-sink remobilization in the shoots via phloem loading. These findings help to shed light on the functionality of a novel AMT2-type protein and provide bases for future research focusing on the improvement of sugarcane yield and N use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo A. Maniero
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Koltun
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marielle Vitti
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna G. Factor
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia de Setta
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda S. Câmara
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Joni E. Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio Figueira
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Kumari A, Kumar V, Ovadia R, Oren-Shamir M. Phenylalanine in motion: A tale of an essential molecule with many faces. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108246. [PMID: 37652145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Phenylalanine has a unique role in plants as a source of a wide range of specialized metabolites, named phenylpropanoids that contribute to the adjustment of plants to changing developmental and environmental conditions. The profile of these metabolites differs between plants and plant organs. Some of the prominent phenylpropanoids include anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, stilbenes, lignins, glucosinolates and benzenoid phenylpropanoid volatiles. Phenylalanine biosynthesis, leading to increased phenylpropanoid levels, is induced under stress. However, high availability of phenylalanine in plants under non-stressed conditions can be achieved either by genetically engineering plants to overproduce phenylalanine, or by external treatment of whole plants or detached plant organs with phenylalanine solutions. The objective of this review is to portray the many effects that increased phenylalanine availability has in plants under non-stressed conditions, focusing mainly on external applications. These applications include spraying and drenching whole plants with phenylalanine solutions, postharvest treatments by dipping fruit and cut flower stems, and addition of phenylalanine to cell suspensions. The results of these treatments include increased fragrance in flowers, increased aroma and pigmentation in fruit, increased production of health promoting metabolites in plant cell cultures, and increased resistance of plants, pre- and post-harvest, to a wide variety of pathogens. These effects suggest that plants can very efficiently uptake phenylalanine from their roots, leaves, flowers and fruits, translocate it from one organ to the other and between cell compartments, and metabolize it into phenylpropanoids. The mechanisms by which Phe treatment increases plant resistance to pathogens reveal new roles of phenylpropanoids in induction of genes related to the plant immune system. The simplicity of treatments with phenylalanine open many possibilities for industrial use. Many of the phenylalanine-treatment effects on increased resistance to plant pathogens have also been successful in commercial field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
| | - Rinat Ovadia
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
| | - Michal Oren-Shamir
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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10
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Wang K, Zhai M, Cui D, Han R, Wang X, Xu W, Qi G, Zeng X, Zhuang Y, Liu C. Genome-Wide Analysis of the Amino Acid Permeases Gene Family in Wheat and TaAAP1 Enhanced Salt Tolerance by Accumulating Ethylene. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13800. [PMID: 37762108 PMCID: PMC10530925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid permeases (AAPs) are proteins of the integral membrane that play important roles in plant growth, development, and responses to various stresses. The molecular functions of several AAPs were characterized in Arabidopsis and rice, but there is still limited information on wheat. Here, we identified 51 AAP genes (TaAAPs) in the wheat genome, classified into six groups based on phylogenetic and protein structures. The chromosome location and gene duplication analysis showed that gene duplication events played a crucial role in the expansion of the TaAAPs gene family. Collinearity relationship analysis revealed several orthologous AAPs between wheat and other species. Moreover, cis-element analysis of promoter regions and transcriptome data suggested that the TaAAPs can respond to salt stress. A TaAAP1 gene was selected and transformed in wheat. Overexpressing TaAAP1 enhanced salt tolerance by increasing the expression of ethylene synthesis genes (TaACS6/TaACS7/TaACS8) and accumulating more ethylene. The present study provides an overview of the AAP family in the wheat genome as well as information on systematics, phylogenetics, and gene duplication, and shows that overexpressing TaAAP1 enhances salt tolerance by regulating ethylene production. These results serve as a theoretical foundation for further functional studies on TaAAPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Jinan 252100, China; (K.W.); (D.C.); (R.H.); (X.W.); (W.X.); (G.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Mingjuan Zhai
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Dezhou Cui
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Jinan 252100, China; (K.W.); (D.C.); (R.H.); (X.W.); (W.X.); (G.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ran Han
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Jinan 252100, China; (K.W.); (D.C.); (R.H.); (X.W.); (W.X.); (G.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Jinan 252100, China; (K.W.); (D.C.); (R.H.); (X.W.); (W.X.); (G.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Jinan 252100, China; (K.W.); (D.C.); (R.H.); (X.W.); (W.X.); (G.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guang Qi
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Jinan 252100, China; (K.W.); (D.C.); (R.H.); (X.W.); (W.X.); (G.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxue Zeng
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Jinan 252100, China; (K.W.); (D.C.); (R.H.); (X.W.); (W.X.); (G.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yamei Zhuang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Jinan 252100, China; (K.W.); (D.C.); (R.H.); (X.W.); (W.X.); (G.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Cheng Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Jinan 252100, China; (K.W.); (D.C.); (R.H.); (X.W.); (W.X.); (G.Q.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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11
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Ninkuu V, Liu Z, Sun X. Genetic regulation of nitrogen use efficiency in Gossypium spp. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1749-1773. [PMID: 36942358 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important fibre crop, with desirable characteristics preferred for textile production. Cotton fibre output relies heavily on nitrate as the most important source of inorganic nitrogen (N). However, nitrogen dynamics in extreme environments limit plant growth and lead to yield loss and pollution. Therefore, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), which involves the utilisation of the 'right rate', 'right source', 'right time', and 'right place' (4Rs), is key for efficient N management. Recent omics techniques have genetically improved NUE in crops. We herein highlight the mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation in the vegetative and reproductive branches of the cotton plant while considering the known and unknown regulatory factors. The phylogenetic relationships among N transporters in four Gossypium spp. have been reviewed. Further, the N regulatory genes that participate in xylem transport and phloem loading are also discussed. In addition, the functions of microRNAs and transcription factors in modulating the expression of target N regulatory genes are highlighted. Overall, this review provides a detailed perspective on the complex N regulatory mechanism in cotton, which would accelerate the research toward improving NUE in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ninkuu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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12
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Shi Y, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Xie Z, Luo Y, Long Q, Feng J, Liu X, Wang B, He D, Ren J, Guo P, Xing J, He L, Fernie AR, Chen W, Liu X, Luo Y, Jin C, Luo J. Natural variations of OsAUX5, a target gene of OsWRKY78, control the neutral essential amino acid content in rice grains. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:322-336. [PMID: 36540024 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Grain essential amino acid (EAA) levels contribute to rice nutritional quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying EAA accumulation and natural variation in rice grains remain unclear. Here we report the identification of a previously unrecognized auxin influx carrier subfamily gene, OsAUX5, which encodes an amino acid transporter that functions in uptake of multiple amino acids. We identified an elite haplotype of Pro::OsAUX5Hap2 that enhances grain EAA accumulation without an apparent negative effect on agronomic traits. Natural variations of OsAUX5 occur in the cis elements of its promoter, which are differentially activated because of the different binding affinity between OsWRKY78 and the W-box, contributing to grain EAA variation among rice varieties. The two distinct haplotypes were shown to have originated from different Oryza rufipogon progenitors, which contributed to the divergence between japonica and indica. Introduction of the indica-type Pro::OsAUX5Hap2 genotype into japonica could significantly increase EAA levels, indicating that indica-type Pro::OsAUX5Hap2 can be utilized to increase grain EAAs of japonica varieties. Collectively, our study uncovers an WRKY78-OsAUX5-based regulatory mechanism controlling grain EAA accumulation and provides a potential target for breeding EAA-rich rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Shi
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ziyang Xie
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiyuan Long
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiahui Feng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Bi Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dujun He
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junxia Ren
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Peizhen Guo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junwei Xing
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liqiang He
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianqing Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuehua Luo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jie Luo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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13
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Garcia K, Cloghessy K, Cooney DR, Shelley B, Chakraborty S, Kafle A, Busidan A, Sonawala U, Collier R, Jayaraman D, Ané JM, Pilot G. The putative transporter MtUMAMIT14 participates in nodule formation in Medicago truncatula. Sci Rep 2023; 13:804. [PMID: 36646812 PMCID: PMC9842706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport systems are crucial in many plant processes, including plant-microbe interactions. Nodule formation and function in legumes involve the expression and regulation of multiple transport proteins, and many are still uncharacterized, particularly for nitrogen transport. Amino acids originating from the nitrogen-fixing process are an essential form of nitrogen for legumes. This work evaluates the role of MtN21 (henceforth MtUMAMIT14), a putative transport system from the MtN21/EamA-like/UMAMIT family, in nodule formation and nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula. To dissect this transporter's role, we assessed the expression of MtUMAMIT14 using GUS staining, localized the corresponding protein in M. truncatula root and tobacco leaf cells, and investigated two independent MtUMAMIT14 mutant lines. Our results indicate that MtUMAMIT14 is localized in endosomal structures and is expressed in both the infection zone and interzone of nodules. Comparison of mutant and wild-type M. truncatula indicates MtUMAMIT14, the expression of which is dependent on the presence of NIN, DNF1, and DNF2, plays a role in nodule formation and nitrogen-fixation. While the function of the transporter is still unclear, our results connect root nodule nitrogen fixation in legumes with the UMAMIT family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Garcia
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7619, USA.
| | - Kaylee Cloghessy
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Danielle R Cooney
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7619, USA
| | - Brett Shelley
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Sanhita Chakraborty
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Arjun Kafle
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7619, USA
| | - Aymeric Busidan
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Unnati Sonawala
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Ray Collier
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Molecular Technologies Department, Wisconsin Crop Innovation Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53562, USA
| | | | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Guillaume Pilot
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
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Agorsor IDK, Kagel BT, Danna CH. The Arabidopsis LHT1 Amino Acid Transporter Contributes to Pseudomonas simiae-Mediated Plant Growth Promotion by Modulating Bacterial Metabolism in the Rhizosphere. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:371. [PMID: 36679084 PMCID: PMC9867026 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The root microbiome structure ensures optimal plant host health and fitness, and it is, at least in part, defined by the plant genotype. It is well documented that root-secreted amino acids promote microbial chemotaxis and growth in the rhizosphere. However, whether the plant-mediated re-uptake of amino acids contributes to maintaining optimal levels of amino acids in the root exudates, and, in turn, microbial growth and metabolism, remains to be established. Here, we show that Lysine-Histidine Transporter-1 (LHT1), an amino acid inward transporter expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, limits the growth of the plant-growth-promoting bacteria Pseudomonas simiae WCS417r (Ps WCS417r). The amino acid profiling of the lht1 mutant root exudates showed increased levels of glutamine, among other amino acids. Interestingly, lht1 exudates or Gln-supplemented wild-type exudates enhance Ps WCS417r growth. However, despite promoting bacterial growth and robust root colonization, lht1 exudates and Gln-supplemented wild-type exudates inhibited plant growth in a Ps WCS417r-dependent manner. The transcriptional analysis of defense and growth marker genes revealed that plant growth inhibition was not linked to the elicitation of plant defense but likely to the impact of Ps WCS417r amino acids metabolism on auxin signaling. These data suggest that an excess of amino acids in the rhizosphere impacts Ps WCS417r metabolism, which, in turn, inhibits plant growth. Together, these results show that LHT1 regulates the amino-acid-mediated interaction between plants and Ps WCS417r and suggest a complex relationship between root-exuded amino acids, root colonization by beneficial bacteria, bacterial metabolism, and plant growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel D. K. Agorsor
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture & Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, UC, Cape Coast P.O. Box 5007, Ghana
| | - Brian T. Kagel
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Cristian H. Danna
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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15
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Yang Z, Li L, Zhu W, Xiao S, Chen S, Liu J, Xu Q, Guo F, Lan S. Nitrogen fertilizer amount has minimal effect on rhizosphere bacterial diversity during different growth stages of peanut. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13962. [PMID: 36345480 PMCID: PMC9636873 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of short-term nitrogen fertilizer input on the structure and diversity of peanut rhizosphere microbiota (RM) at different growth stages (GSs) was explored in the southern paddy soil planting environment. Three levels of nitrogen were applied in the field: control (LN, 0 kg/hm2), medium nitrogen (MN, 55.68 kg/hm2), and high nitrogen (HN, 111.36 kg/hm2). The rhizosphere soil was collected during four GSs for high-throughput sequencing and chemical properties analysis. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on peanut RM was minimal and was obvious only at the seedling stage. In the four peanut GSs, a significant increase in relative abundance was observed for only one operational taxonomic unit (OTU) of Nitrospira under HN conditions at the seedling stage and mature stage, while there was no consistent change in other OTUs. The difference in RM among different peanut GSs was greater than that caused by the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. This may be due to the substantial differences in soil chemical properties (especially alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, pH, and available potassium or total potassium) among peanut GSs, as these significantly affected the RM structure. These results are of great value to facilitate deeper understanding of the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on peanut RM structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyuan Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shile Lan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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16
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Kitao M, Yazaki K, Tobita H, Agathokleous E, Kishimoto J, Takabayashi A, Tanaka R. Exposure to strong irradiance exacerbates photoinhibition and suppresses N resorption during leaf senescence in shade-grown seedlings of fullmoon maple ( Acer japonicum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1006413. [PMID: 36388579 PMCID: PMC9650427 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of fullmoon maple (Acer japonicum) turn brilliant red with anthocyanins synthesis in autumn. Based on field observations, autumn coloring mainly occurs in outer-canopy leaves exposed to sun, whereas inner-canopy leaves remain green for a certain longer period before finally turn yellowish red with a smaller amount of anthocyanins. Here, we hypothesized that outer-canopy leaves protect themselves against photooxidative stress via anthocyanins while simultaneously shading inner canopy leaves and protecting them from strong light (holocanopy hypothesis). To test this hypothesis, we investigated photoinhibition and leaf N content during autumn senescence in leaves of pot-grown seedlings of fullmoon maple either raised under shade (L0, ≈13% relative irradiance to open) or transferred to full sunlight conditions on 5th (LH1), 12th (LH2), or 18th (LH3) Oct, 2021. Dry mass-based leaf N (Nmass) in green leaves in shade-grown seedlings was ≈ 30 mg N g-1 in summer. Nmass in shed leaves (25th Oct to 1st Nov) was 11.1, 12.0, 14.6, and 10.1 mg N g-1 in L0, LH1, LH2, and LH3 conditions, respectively. Higher Nmass was observed in shed leaves in LH2, compared to other experimental conditions, suggesting an incomplete N resorption in LH2. Fv/Fm after an overnight dark-adaptation, measured on 19th Oct when leaf N was actively resorbed, ranked L0: 0.72 > LH3: 0.56 > LH1: 0.45 > LH2: 0.25. As decreased Fv/Fm indicates photoinhibition, leaves in LH2 condition suffered the most severe photoinhibition. Leaf soluble sugar content decreased, but protein carbonylation increased with decreasing Fv/Fm across shade-grown seedlings (L0, LH1, LH2, and LH3) on 19th Oct, suggesting impaired photosynthetic carbon gain and possible membrane peroxidation induced by photooxidative stress, especially in LH2 condition with less N resorption efficiency. Although the impairment of N resorption seems to depend on the timing and intensity of strong light exposure, air temperature, and consequently the degree of photoinhibition, the photoprotective role of anthocyanins in outer-canopy leaves of fullmoon maple might also contribute to allow a safe N resorption in inner-canopy leaves by prolonged shading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yazaki
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tobita
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, China
| | - Junko Kishimoto
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Ryouichi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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17
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Molecular characterization, evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses of rice ACT/BAT-type amino acid transporters. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 100:107745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Xiao Y, Zhang H, Li Z, Huang T, Akihiro T, Xu J, Xu H, Lin F. An amino acid transporter-like protein (OsATL15) facilitates the systematic distribution of thiamethoxam in rice for controlling the brown planthopper. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1888-1901. [PMID: 35678495 PMCID: PMC9491460 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Characterization and genetic engineering of plant transporters involved in the pesticide uptake and translocation facilitate pesticide relocation to the tissue where the pests feed, thus improving the bioavailability of the agrichemicals. We aimed to identify thiamethoxam (THX) transporters in rice and modify their expression for better brown planthopper (BPH) control with less pesticide application. A yeast library expressing 1385 rice transporters was screened, leading to the identification of an amino acid transporter-like (ATL) gene, namely OsATL15, which facilitates THX uptake in both yeast cells and rice seedlings. In contrast to a decrease in THX content in osatl15 knockout mutants, ectopic expression of OsATL15 under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter or a vascular-bundle-specific promoter gdcsPpro significantly increased THX accumulation in rice plants, thus further enhancing the THX efficacy against BPH. OsATL15 was localized in rice cell membrane and abundant in the root transverse sections, vascular bundles of leaf blade, and stem longitudinal sections, but not in hull and brown rice at filling stages. Our study shows that OsATL15 plays an essential role in THX uptake and its systemic distribution in rice. OsATL15 could be valuable in achieving precise pest control by biotechnology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tinghong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Takashi Akihiro
- Faculty of Life and Environmental ScienceShimane UniversityShimaneJapan
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fei Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of Education, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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19
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Chen X, Wu Z, Yin Z, Zhang Y, Rui C, Wang J, Malik WA, Lu X, Wang D, Wang J, Guo L, Wang S, Zhao L, Zebinisso Qaraevna B, Chen C, Wang X, Ye W. Comprehensive genomic characterization of cotton cationic amino acid transporter genes reveals that GhCAT10D regulates salt tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:441. [PMID: 36109698 PMCID: PMC9476346 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03829-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cationic amino acid transporters (CAT) play indispensable roles in maintaining metabolic functions, such as synthesis of proteins and nitric oxide (NO), biosynthesis of polyamine, and flow of amino acids, by mediating the bidirectional transport of cationic amino acids in plant cells. RESULTS In this study, we performed a genome-wide and comprehensive study of 79 CAT genes in four species of cotton. Localization of genes revealed that CAT genes reside on the plasma membrane. Seventy-nine CAT genes were grouped into 7 subfamilies by phylogenetic analysis. Structure analysis of genes showed that CAT genes from the same subgroup have similar genetic structure and exon number. RNA-seq and real-time PCR indicated that the expression of most GhCAT genes were induced by salt, drought, cold and heat stresses. Cis-elements analysis of GhCAT promoters showed that the GhCAT genes promoters mainly contained plant hormones responsive elements and abiotic stress elements, which indicated that GhCAT genes may play key roles in response to abiotic stress. Moreover, we also conducted gene interaction network of the GhCAT proteins. Silencing GhCAT10D expression decreased the resistance of cotton to salt stress because of a decrease in the accumulation of NO and proline. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that CAT genes might be related with salt tolerance in cotton and lay a foundation for further study on the regulation mechanism of CAT genes in cationic amino acids transporting and distribution responsing to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiugui Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Institute of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Tangshan, 063299, Hebei, China
| | - Zujun Yin
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Cun Rui
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Waqar Afzal Malik
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Delong Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lixue Guo
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lanjie Zhao
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Bobokhonova Zebinisso Qaraevna
- Department of Cotton Growing, Genetics, Breeding and Seed, Tajik Agrarian University Named Shirinsho Shotemur Dushanbe, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- Institute of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Tangshan, 063299, Hebei, China.
| | - Wuwei Ye
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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20
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Li Z, Gao J, Wang S, Xie X, Wang Z, Peng Y, Yang X, Pu W, Wang Y, Fan X. Comprehensive analysis of the LHT gene family in tobacco and functional characterization of NtLHT22 involvement in amino acids homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:927844. [PMID: 36176688 PMCID: PMC9513474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.927844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are vital nitrogen (N) sources for plant growth, development, and yield. The uptake and translocation of amino acids are mediated by amino acid transporters (AATs). The AATs family including lysine-histidine transporters (LHTs), amino acid permeases (AAPs), and proline transporters (ProTs) subfamilies have been identified in various plants. However, little is known about these genes in tobacco. In this study, we identified 23 LHT genes, the important members of AATs, in the tobacco genome. The gene structure, phylogenetic tree, transmembrane helices, chromosomal distribution, cis-regulatory elements, and expression profiles of NtLHT genes were systematically analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis divided the 23 NtLHT genes into two conserved subgroups. Expression profiles confirmed that the NtLHT genes were differentially expressed in various tissues, indicating their potential roles in tobacco growth and development. Cis-elements analysis of promoters and expression patterns after stress treatments suggested that NtLHT genes probable participate in abiotic stress responses of tobacco. In addition, Knock out and overexpression of NtLHT22 changed the amino acids homeostasis in the transgenic plants, the contents of amino acids were significantly decreased in NtLHT22 overexpression plants than wild-type. The results from this study provide important information for further studies on the molecular functions of the NtLHT genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowu Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Shuaibin Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhangying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaonian Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxuan Pu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Yaofu Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Zhang X, Khadka P, Puchalski P, Leehan JD, Rossi FR, Okumoto S, Pilot G, Danna CH. MAMP-elicited changes in amino acid transport activity contribute to restricting bacterial growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2315-2331. [PMID: 35579373 PMCID: PMC9342991 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants live under the constant challenge of microbes that probe the environment in search of potential hosts. Plant cells perceive microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) from incoming microbes and activate defense responses that suppress attempted infections. Despite the substantial progress made in understanding MAMP-triggered signaling pathways, the downstream mechanisms that suppress bacterial growth and disease remain poorly understood. Here, we uncover how MAMP perception in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) elicits dynamic changes in extracellular concentrations of free L-amino acids (AA). Within the first 3 h of MAMP perception, a fast and transient inhibition of AA uptake produces a transient increase in extracellular AA concentrations. Within 4 and 12 h of MAMP perception, a sustained enhanced uptake activity decreases the extracellular concentrations of AA. Gene expression analysis showed that salicylic acid-mediated signaling contributes to inducing the expression of AA/H+ symporters responsible for the MAMP-induced enhanced uptake. A screening of loss-of-function mutants identified the AA/H+ symporter lysin/histidine transporter-1 as an important contributor to MAMP-induced enhanced uptake of AA. Infection assays in lht1-1 seedlings revealed that high concentrations of extracellular AA promote bacterial growth in the absence of induced defense elicitation but contribute to suppressing bacterial growth upon MAMP perception. Overall, the data presented in this study reveal a mechanistic connection between MAMP-induced plant defense and suppression of bacterial growth through the modulation of AA transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Pramod Khadka
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Patryk Puchalski
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Joss D Leehan
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Franco R Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Buenos Aires 7130, Argentina
| | | | - Guillaume Pilot
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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22
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Yang Y, Wang X, Zheng J, Men Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Han Y, Hou S, Sun Z. Amino acid transporter (AAT) gene family in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum L. Gaertn.): Characterization, expression analysis and functional prediction. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:330-344. [PMID: 35839952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum L. Gaertn., TB) is an ancient minor crop and an important food source for humans to supplement nutrients such as flavonoids and essential amino acids. Amino acid transporters (AATs) play critical roles in plant growth and development through the transport of amino acids. In this study, 104 AATs were identified in TB genome and divided into 11 subfamilies by phylogenetic relationships. Tandem and segmental duplications promoted the expansion of FtAAT gene family, and the variations of gene sequence, protein structure and expression pattern were the main reasons for the functional differentiation of FtAATs. Based on RNA-seq and qRT-PCR, the expression patterns of FtAATs in different tissues and under different abiotic stresses were analyzed, and several candidate FtAATs that might affect grain development and response to abiotic stresses were identified, such as FtAAP12 and FtCAT7. Finally, combined with the previous studies, the expression patterns and phylogenetic relationships of AATs in multiple species, the functions of multiple high-confidence FtAAT genes were predicted, and the schematic diagram of FtAATs in TB was initially drawn. Overall, this work provided a framework for further functional analysis of FtAAT genes and important clues for the improvement of TB quality and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinfang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yihan Men
- College of Agriculture, Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Yijuan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Longlong Liu
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- College of Agriculture, Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Siyu Hou
- College of Agriculture, Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Sun
- College of Agriculture, Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China.
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23
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Kluting K, Strid Y, Six D, Rosling A. Forest Fire Influence on Tomicus piniperda-Associated Fungal Communities and Phloem Nutrient Availability of Colonized Pinus sylvestris. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02066-w. [PMID: 35831642 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02066-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forest fire is known to positively affect bark beetle populations by providing fire-damaged trees with impaired defenses for infestation. Tomicus piniperda, the common pine shoot beetle, breeds and lays eggs under the bark of stressed pine trees and is considered a serious forest pest within its native range. Wood-colonizing fungi have been hypothesized to improve substrate quality and detoxify tree defensive chemistry to indirectly facilitate tree colonization by beetles. While some bark beetle species form symbiotic associations with fungi and actively vector their partners when colonizing new trees, T. piniperda does not have mycangia or body hairs for specific vectoring of fungi. To explore the T. piniperda-associated fungal community for signs of specific association, we used ITS metabarcoding to separately characterize fungal communities associated with surface and gut of male and female beetles. We also characterized the temporal changes in fungal community and nutrient status of pine phloem with and without beetle galleries. Sampling was performed 2 years after a natural forest fire and included both burnt and unburnt sites. In our study system, we find that forest fire significantly impacts the fungal community composition associated with T. piniperda and that fire may also indirectly change nutrient availability in phloem to beetle galleries. We conclude that T. piniperda can vector fungi to newly colonized trees but the absence of positive effects on substrate quality and minimal effects of sex indicate that vectoring of associated fungal communities is not a strategy associated with the T. piniperda life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Kluting
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ylva Strid
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Diana Six
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Anna Rosling
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
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24
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Javed T, I I, Singhal RK, Shabbir R, Shah AN, Kumar P, Jinger D, Dharmappa PM, Shad MA, Saha D, Anuragi H, Adamski R, Siuta D. Recent Advances in Agronomic and Physio-Molecular Approaches for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:877544. [PMID: 35574130 PMCID: PMC9106419 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency with which plants use nutrients to create biomass and/or grain is determined by the interaction of environmental and plant intrinsic factors. The major macronutrients, especially nitrogen (N), limit plant growth and development (1.5-2% of dry biomass) and have a direct impact on global food supply, fertilizer demand, and concern with environmental health. In the present time, the global consumption of N fertilizer is nearly 120 MT (million tons), and the N efficiency ranges from 25 to 50% of applied N. The dynamic range of ideal internal N concentrations is extremely large, necessitating stringent management to ensure that its requirements are met across various categories of developmental and environmental situations. Furthermore, approximately 60 percent of arable land is mineral deficient and/or mineral toxic around the world. The use of chemical fertilizers adds to the cost of production for the farmers and also increases environmental pollution. Therefore, the present study focused on the advancement in fertilizer approaches, comprising the use of biochar, zeolite, and customized nano and bio-fertilizers which had shown to be effective in improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) with lower soil degradation. Consequently, adopting precision farming, crop modeling, and the use of remote sensing technologies such as chlorophyll meters, leaf color charts, etc. assist in reducing the application of N fertilizer. This study also discussed the role of crucial plant attributes such as root structure architecture in improving the uptake and transport of N efficiency. The crosstalk of N with other soil nutrients plays a crucial role in nutrient homeostasis, which is also discussed thoroughly in this analysis. At the end, this review highlights the more efficient and accurate molecular strategies and techniques such as N transporters, transgenes, and omics, which are opening up intriguing possibilities for the detailed investigation of the molecular components that contribute to nitrogen utilization efficiency, thus expanding our knowledge of plant nutrition for future global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Indu I
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singhal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Rubab Shabbir
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Seed Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, India
| | - Dinesh Jinger
- Research Centre, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Anand, India
| | - Prathibha M. Dharmappa
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Munsif Ali Shad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Debanjana Saha
- Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, India
| | - Hirdayesh Anuragi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)- Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Robert Adamski
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Dorota Siuta
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
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25
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Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of Lysine Histidine Transporter (LHT) Gene Families in Maize. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:2673748. [PMID: 35528221 PMCID: PMC9064515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2673748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid transporters (AATs) are essential membrane proteins that transfer amino acids across cells. They are necessary for plant growth and development. The lysine histidine transporter (LHT) gene family in maize (Zea mays) has not yet been characterized. According to sequence composition and phylogenetic placement, this study found 15 LHT genes in the maize genome. The ZmLHT genes are scattered across the plasma membrane. The study also analyzed the evolutionary relationships, gene structures, conserved motifs, 3D protein structure, a transmembrane domain, and gene expression of the 15 LHT genes in maize. Comprehensive analyses of ZmLHT gene expression profiles revealed distinct expression patterns in maize LHT genes in various tissues. This study's extensive data will serve as a foundation for future ZmLHT gene family research. This study might make easier to understand how LHT genes work in maize and other crops.
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26
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Singh P, Kumar K, Jha AK, Yadava P, Pal M, Rakshit S, Singh I. Global gene expression profiling under nitrogen stress identifies key genes involved in nitrogen stress adaptation in maize (Zea mays L.). Sci Rep 2022; 12:4211. [PMID: 35273237 PMCID: PMC8913646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is a heavy consumer of fertilizer nitrogen (N) which not only results in the high cost of cultivation but may also lead to environmental pollution. Therefore, there is a need to develop N-use efficient genotypes, a prerequisite for which is a greater understanding of N-deficiency stress adaptation. In this study, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed using leaf and root tissues from contrasting inbred lines, viz., DMI 56 (tolerant to N stress) and DMI 81 (susceptible to N stress) to delineate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under low-N stress. The contrasting lines were grown hydroponically in modified Hoagland solution having either sufficient- or deficient-N, followed by high-throughput RNA-sequencing. A total of 8 sequencing libraries were prepared and 88–97% of the sequenced raw reads were mapped to the reference B73 maize genome. Genes with a p value ≤ 0.05 and fold change of ≥ 2.0 or ≤ − 2 were considered as DEGs in various combinations performed between susceptible and tolerant genotypes. DEGs were further classified into different functional categories and pathways according to their putative functions. Gene Ontology based annotation of these DEGs identified three different functional categories: biological processes, molecular function, and cellular component. The KEGG and Mapman based analysis revealed that most of the DEGs fall into various metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, signal transduction, amino acid metabolism, N-assimilation and metabolism, and starch metabolism. Some of the key genes involved in N uptake (high-affinity nitrate transporter 2.2 and 2.5), N assimilation and metabolism (glutamine synthetase, asparagine synthetase), redox homeostasis (SOD, POX), and transcription factors (MYB36, AP2-EREBP) were found to be highly expressed in the tolerant genotype compared to susceptible one. The candidate genes identified in the present study might be playing a pivotal role in low-N stress adaptation in maize and hence could be useful in augmenting further research on N metabolism and development of N-deficiency tolerant maize cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.,Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.,Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Jha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pranjal Yadava
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Madan Pal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sujay Rakshit
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Ku YS, Cheng SS, Ng MS, Chung G, Lam HM. The Tiny Companion Matters: The Important Role of Protons in Active Transports in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052824. [PMID: 35269965 PMCID: PMC8911182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the translocation of molecules, such as ions, metabolites, and hormones, between different subcellular compartments or different cells is achieved by transmembrane transporters, which play important roles in growth, development, and adaptation to the environment. To facilitate transport in a specific direction, active transporters that can translocate their substrates against the concentration gradient are needed. Examples of major active transporters in plants include ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters, monosaccharide transporters (MSTs), sucrose transporters (SUTs), and amino acid transporters. Transport via ABC transporters is driven by ATP. The electrochemical gradient across the membrane energizes these secondary transporters. The pH in each cell and subcellular compartment is tightly regulated and yet highly dynamic, especially when under stress. Here, the effects of cellular and subcellular pH on the activities of ABC transporters, MATE transporters, MSTs, SUTs, and amino acid transporters will be discussed to enhance our understanding of their mechanics. The relation of the altered transporter activities to various biological processes of plants will also be addressed. Although most molecular transport research has focused on the substrate, the role of protons, the tiny counterparts of the substrate, should also not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Shan Ku
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-S.C.); (M.-S.N.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.K.); (H.-M.L.); Tel.: +852-3943-8132 (Y.-S.K.); +852-3943-6336 (H.-M.L.)
| | - Sau-Shan Cheng
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-S.C.); (M.-S.N.)
| | - Ming-Sin Ng
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-S.C.); (M.-S.N.)
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.-S.C.); (M.-S.N.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.K.); (H.-M.L.); Tel.: +852-3943-8132 (Y.-S.K.); +852-3943-6336 (H.-M.L.)
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Wang S, Luo C, Sun L, Ning K, Chen Z, Yang J, Wang Y, Wang Q. LsRGL1 controls the bolting and flowering times of lettuce by modulating the gibberellin pathway. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 316:111175. [PMID: 35151458 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bolting, which is a serious problem during lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production, is responsible for substantial annual yield and quality losses. Gibberellin plays a critical role in the regulation of lettuce bolting. Additionally, DELLA proteins negatively regulate the gibberellin signaling pathway. However, it is unclear if DELLA proteins are involved in the regulation of lettuce bolting. Therefore, in this study, we identified four DELLA-encoding genes in lettuce, including LsRGL1, which was highly expressed in the stem and negatively correlated with bolting. Knocking down this gene in lettuce promoted bolting, whereas its overexpression inhibited bolting and the biosynthesis of gibberellin and auxin. A transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in gibberellin and auxin biosynthesis and flowering were affected in the LsRGL1-overexpressing lines. The yeast two-hybrid and yeast one-hybrid assay results indicated that LsRGL1 can interact with LsGA3ox and the LsYUC4 promoter region. Considered together, the results of this study suggest LsRGL1 negatively regulates lettuce bolting. Furthermore, its function may depend on modifications to gibberellin and auxin levels mediated at the transcript and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kang Ning
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zijing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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29
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Comprehensive Genome-Wide Identification and Transcript Profiling of GABA Pathway Gene Family in Apple ( Malus domestica). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121973. [PMID: 34946926 PMCID: PMC8700813 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), a four-carbon non-protein amino acid, is a significant component of the free amino acid pool in most prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. GABA is involved in pH regulation, maintaining C/N balance, plant development and defence, as well as a compatible osmolyte and an alternative pathway for glutamate utilization via anion flux. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) and GABA transaminase (GABA-T, EC 2.6.1.19) are two key enzymes involved in the synthesis and metabolism of GABA. Recently, GABA transporters (GATs), protein and aluminium-activated malate transporter (ALMT) proteins which function as GABA receptors, have been shown to be involved in GABA regulation. However, there is no report on the characterization of apple GABA pathway genes. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of the GABA pathway gene family in the apple genome. A total of 24 genes were identified including five GAD genes (namely MdGAD 1–5), two GABA-T genes (namely MdGABA-T 1,2), 10 GAT genes (namely GAT 1–10) and seven ALMT genes (namely MdALMT1–7). These genes were randomly distributed on 12 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analyses grouped GABA shunt genes into three clusters—cluster I, cluster II, and cluster III—which had three, four, and five genes, respectively. The expression profile analysis revealed significant MdGAD4 expression levels in both fruit and flower organs, except pollen. However, there were no significant differences in the expression of other GABA shunt genes in different tissues. This work provides the first characterization of the GABA shunt gene family in apple and suggests their importance in apple response to abiotic stress. These results can serve as a guide for future studies on the understanding and functional characterization of these gene families.
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Dhatterwal P, Mehrotra S, Miller AJ, Mehrotra R. Promoter profiling of Arabidopsis amino acid transporters: clues for improving crops. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:451-475. [PMID: 34674117 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The review describes the importance of amino acid transporters in plant growth, development, stress tolerance, and productivity. The promoter analysis provides valuable insights into their functionality leading to agricultural benefits. Arabidopsis thaliana genome is speculated to possess more than 100 amino acid transporter genes. This large number suggests the functional significance of amino acid transporters in plant growth and development. The current article summarizes the substrate specificity, cellular localization, tissue-specific expression, and expression of the amino acid transporter genes in response to environmental cues. However, till date functionality of a majority of amino acid transporter genes in plant development and stress tolerance is unexplored. Considering, that gene expression is mainly regulated by the regulatory motifs localized in their promoter regions at the transcriptional levels. The promoter regions ( ~ 1-kbp) of these amino acid transporter genes were analysed for the presence of cis-regulatory motifs responsive to developmental and external cues. This analysis can help predict the functionality of known and unexplored amino acid transporters in different tissues, organs, and various growth and development stages and responses to external stimuli. Furthermore, based on the promoter analysis and utilizing the microarray expression data we have attempted to identify plausible candidates (listed below) that might be targeted for agricultural benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Dhatterwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - Sandhya Mehrotra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Rajesh Mehrotra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India.
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31
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Lebedev VG, Popova AA, Shestibratov KA. Genetic Engineering and Genome Editing for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Plants. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123303. [PMID: 34943810 PMCID: PMC8699818 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low nitrogen availability is one of the main limiting factors for plant growth and development, and high doses of N fertilizers are necessary to achieve high yields in agriculture. However, most N is not used by plants and pollutes the environment. This situation can be improved by enhancing the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in plants. NUE is a complex trait driven by multiple interactions between genetic and environmental factors, and its improvement requires a fundamental understanding of the key steps in plant N metabolism—uptake, assimilation, and remobilization. This review summarizes two decades of research into bioengineering modification of N metabolism to increase the biomass accumulation and yield in crops. The expression of structural and regulatory genes was most often altered using overexpression strategies, although RNAi and genome editing techniques were also used. Particular attention was paid to woody plants, which have great economic importance, play a crucial role in the ecosystems and have fundamental differences from herbaceous species. The review also considers the issue of unintended effects of transgenic plants with modified N metabolism, e.g., early flowering—a research topic which is currently receiving little attention. The future prospects of improving NUE in crops, essential for the development of sustainable agriculture, using various approaches and in the context of global climate change, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim G. Lebedev
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna A. Popova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 394087 Voronezh, Russia;
| | - Konstantin A. Shestibratov
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 394087 Voronezh, Russia;
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Yang D, Liu Y, Cheng H, Wang Q, Lv L, Zhang Y, Zuo D, Song G. Genome-Wide Analysis of AAT Genes and Their Expression Profiling during Fiber Development in Cotton. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112461. [PMID: 34834823 PMCID: PMC8619630 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters (AATs) are a kind of membrane proteins that mediate the transport of amino acids across cell membranes in higher plants. The AAT proteins are involved in regulating plant cell growth and various developmental processes. However, the biological function of this gene family in cotton fiber development is not clear. In this study, 190, 190, 101, and 94 full-length AAT genes were identified from Gossypiumhirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii. A total of 575 AAT genes from the four cotton species were divided into two subfamilies and 12 clades based on phylogenetic analysis. The AAT genes in the four cotton species were distributed on all the chromosomes. All GhAAT genes contain multiple exons, and each GhAAT protein has multiple conserved motifs. Transcriptional profiling and RT qPCR analysis showed that four GhATT genes tend to express specifically at the fiber initiation stage. Eight genes tend to express specifically at the fiber elongation and maturity stage, and four genes tend to express specifically at the fiber initiation and elongation stages. Our results provide a solid basis for further elucidating the biological function of AAT genes related to cotton fiber development and offer valuable genetic resources for crop improvement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Yang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hailiang Cheng
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qiaolian Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Limin Lv
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Youping Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dongyun Zuo
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (G.S.); Tel.: +86-037-2256-2375 (D.Z.); +86-037-2256-2377 (G.S.)
| | - Guoli Song
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (G.S.); Tel.: +86-037-2256-2375 (D.Z.); +86-037-2256-2377 (G.S.)
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Zhao C, Pratelli R, Yu S, Shelley B, Collakova E, Pilot G. Detailed characterization of the UMAMIT proteins provides insight into their evolution, amino acid transport properties, and role in the plant. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6400-6417. [PMID: 34223868 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters play a critical role in distributing amino acids within the cell compartments and between plant organs. Despite this importance, relatively few amino acid transporter genes have been characterized and their role elucidated with certainty. Two main families of proteins encode amino acid transporters in plants: the amino acid-polyamine-organocation superfamily, containing mostly importers, and the UMAMIT (usually multiple acids move in and out transporter) family, apparently encoding exporters, totaling 63 and 44 genes in Arabidopsis, respectively. Knowledge of UMAMITs is scarce, based on six Arabidopsis genes and a handful of genes from other species. To gain insight into the role of the members of this family and provide data to be used for future characterization, we studied the evolution of the UMAMITs in plants, and determined the functional properties, the structure, and localization of the 47 Arabidopsis UMAMITs. Our analysis showed that the AtUMAMITs are essentially localized at the tonoplast or the plasma membrane, and that most of them are able to export amino acids from the cytosol, confirming a role in intra- and intercellular amino acid transport. As an example, this set of data was used to hypothesize the role of a few AtUMAMITs in the plant and the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsong Zhao
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Réjane Pratelli
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Shi Yu
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Brett Shelley
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Eva Collakova
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Guillaume Pilot
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Transporters and transcription factors gene families involved in improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and assimilation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Transgenic Res 2021; 31:23-42. [PMID: 34524604 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) as a macronutrient is an important determinant of plant growth. The excessive usage of chemical fertilizers is increasing environmental pollution; hence, the improvement of crop's nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is imperative for sustainable agriculture. N uptake, transportation, assimilation, and remobilization are four important determinants of plant NUE. Oryza sativa L. (rice) is a staple food for approximately half of the human population, around the globe and improvement in rice yield is pivotal for rice breeders. The N transporters, enzymes indulged in N assimilation, and several transcription factors affect the rice NUE and subsequent yield. Although, a couple of improvements have been made regarding rice NUE, the knowledge about regulatory mechanisms operating NUE is scarce. The current review provides a precise knowledge of how rice plants detect soil N and how this detection is translated into the language of responses that regulate the growth. Additionally, the transcription factors that control N-associated genes in rice are discussed in detail. This mechanistic insight will help the researchers to improve rice yield with minimized use of chemical fertilizers.
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Ogasawara S, Ezaki M, Ishida R, Sueyoshi K, Saito S, Hiradate Y, Kudo T, Obara M, Kojima S, Uozumi N, Tanemura K, Hayakawa T. Rice amino acid transporter-like 6 (OsATL6) is involved in amino acid homeostasis by modulating the vacuolar storage of glutamine in roots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1616-1630. [PMID: 34216173 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine is a product of ammonium (NH4+ ) assimilation catalyzed by glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). The growth of NH4+ -preferring paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) depends on root NH4+ assimilation and the subsequent root-to-shoot allocation of glutamine; however, little is known about the mechanism of glutamine storage in roots. Here, using transcriptome and reverse genetics analyses, we show that the rice amino acid transporter-like 6 (OsATL6) protein exports glutamine to the root vacuoles under NH4+ -replete conditions. OsATL6 was expressed, along with OsGS1;2 and OsNADH-GOGAT1, in wild-type (WT) roots fed with sufficient NH4 Cl, and was induced by glutamine treatment. We generated two independent Tos17 retrotransposon insertion mutants showing reduced OsATL6 expression to determine the function of OsATL6. Compared with segregants lacking the Tos17 insertion, the OsATL6 knock-down mutant seedlings exhibited lower root glutamine content but higher glutamine concentration in the xylem sap and greater shoot growth under NH4+ -replete conditions. The transient expression of monomeric red fluorescent protein-fused OsATL6 in onion epidermal cells confirmed the tonoplast localization of OsATL6. When OsATL6 was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, glutamine efflux from the cell into the acidic bath solution increased. Under sufficient NH4+ supply, OsATL6 transiently accumulated in sclerenchyma and pericycle cells, which are located adjacent to the Casparian strip, thus obstructing the apoplastic solute path, and in vascular parenchyma cells of WT roots before the peak accumulation of GS1;2 and NADH-GOGAT1 occurred. These findings suggest that OsATL6 temporarily stores excess glutamine, produced by NH4+ assimilation, in root vacuoles before it can be translocated to the shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Masataka Ezaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Ishida
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Kuni Sueyoshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Shunya Saito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuki Hiradate
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Toru Kudo
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Obara
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanemura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
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Yang Y, Chai Y, Liu J, Zheng J, Zhao Z, Amo A, Cui C, Lu Q, Chen L, Hu YG. Amino acid transporter (AAT) gene family in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.): widespread family expansion, functional differentiation, roles in quality formation and response to abiotic stresses. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:519. [PMID: 34238217 PMCID: PMC8268433 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amino acid transporters (AATs) plays an essential roles in growth and development of plants, including amino acids long-range transport, seed germination, quality formation, responsiveness to pathogenic bacteria and abiotic stress by modulating the transmembrane transfer of amino acids. In this study, we performed a genome-wide screening to analyze the AAT genes in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), especially those associated with quality formation and abiotic stresses response. Results A total number of 94 AAT genes were identified and divided into 12 subfamilies by their sequence characteristics and phylogenetic relationship. A large number (58/94, 62%) of AAT genes in foxtail millet were expanded via gene duplication, involving 13 tandem and 12 segmental duplication events. Tandemly duplicated genes had a significant impact on their functional differentiation via sequence variation, structural variation and expression variation. Further comparison in multiple species showed that in addition to paralogous genes, the expression variations of the orthologous AAT genes also contributed to their functional differentiation. The transcriptomic comparison of two millet cultivars verified the direct contribution of the AAT genes such as SiAAP1, SiAAP8, and SiAUX2 in the formation of grain quality. In addition, the qRT-PCR analysis suggested that several AAT genes continuously responded to diverse abiotic stresses, such as SiATLb1, SiANT1. Finally, combined with the previous studies and analysis on sequence characteristics and expression patterns of AAT genes, the possible functions of the foxtail millet AAT genes were predicted. Conclusion This study for the first time reported the evolutionary features, functional differentiation, roles in the quality formation and response to abiotic stresses of foxtail millet AAT gene family, thus providing a framework for further functional analysis of SiAAT genes, and also contributing to the applications of AAT genes in improving the quality and resistance to abiotic stresses of foxtail millet, and other cereal crops. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07779-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongmao Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhangchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aduragbemi Amo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunge Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiumei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yin-Gang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China. .,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Pan X, Hu M, Wang Z, Guan L, Jiang X, Bai W, Wu H, Lei K. Identification, systematic evolution and expression analyses of the AAAP gene family in Capsicum annuum. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:463. [PMID: 34157978 PMCID: PMC8218413 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) family represents a class of proteins that transport amino acids across cell membranes. Members of this family are widely distributed in different organisms and participate in processes such as growth and development and the stress response in plants. However, a systematic comprehensive analysis of AAAP genes of the pepper (Capsicum annuum) genome has not been reported. RESULTS In this study, we performed systematic bioinformatics analyses to identify AAAP family genes in the C. annuum 'Zunla-1' genome to determine gene number, distribution, structure, duplications and expression patterns in different tissues and stress. A total of 53 CaAAAP genes were identified in the 'Zunla-1' pepper genome and could be divided into eight subgroups. Significant differences in gene structure and protein conserved domains were observed among the subgroups. In addition to CaGAT1, CaATL4, and CaVAAT1, the remaining CaAAAP genes were unevenly distributed on 11 of 12 chromosomes. In total, 33.96% (18/53) of the CaAAAP genes were a result of duplication events, including three pairs of genes due to segmental duplication and 12 tandem duplication events. Analyses of evolutionary patterns showed that segmental duplication of AAAPs in pepper occurred before tandem duplication. The expression profiling of the CaAAAP by transcriptomic data analysis showed distinct expression patterns in various tissues and response to different stress treatment, which further suggest that the function of CaAAAP genes has been differentiated. CONCLUSIONS This study of CaAAAP genes provides a theoretical basis for exploring the roles of AAAP family members in C. annuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Pan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Mingyu Hu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Ling Guan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Wenqin Bai
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Kairong Lei
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing, 401329, China.
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Wang R, Zhong Y, Liu X, Zhao C, Zhao J, Li M, Ul Hassan M, Yang B, Li D, Liu R, Li X. Cis-regulation of the amino acid transporter genes ZmAAP2 and ZmLHT1 by ZmPHR1 transcription factors in maize ear under phosphate limitation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3846-3863. [PMID: 33765129 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition have profound and complicated innate connections; however, underlying molecular mechanisms are mostly elusive. PHR1 is a master phosphate signaling component, and whether it directly functions in phosphorus-nitrogen crosstalk remains a particularly interesting question. In maize, nitrogen limitation caused tip kernel abortion and ear shortening. By contrast, moderately low phosphate in the field reduced kernels across the ear, maintained ear elongation and significantly lowered concentrations of total free amino acids and soluble proteins 2 weeks after silking. Transcriptome profiling revealed significant enrichment and overall down-regulation of transport genes in ears under low phosphate. Importantly, 313 out of 847 differentially expressed genes harbored PHR1 binding sequences (P1BS) including those controlling amino acid/polyamine transport and metabolism. Specifically, both ZmAAP2 and ZmLHT1 are plasma membrane-localized broad-spectrum amino acid transporters, and ZmPHR1.1 and ZmPHR1.2 were able to bind to P1BS-containing ZmAAP2 and ZmLHT1 and down-regulate their expression in planta. Taken together, the results suggest that prevalence of P1BS elements enables ZmPHR1s to regulate a large number of low phosphate responsive genes. Further, consistent with reduced accumulation of free amino acids, ZmPHR1s down-regulate ZmAAP2 and ZmLHT1 expression as direct linkers of phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition independent of NIGT1 in maize ear under low phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, ShanghaiChina
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, BeijingChina
| | - Mengfei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mahmood Ul Hassan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant physiology and Biochemistry and National Centre of Maize Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, BeijingChina
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Centre of Maize Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, BeijingChina
| | - Renyi Liu
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, FuzhouChina
| | - Xuexian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Abbey L, Ofoe R, Gunupuru LR, Ijenyo M. Variation in frequency of CQA-tested municipal solid waste compost can alter metabolites in vegetables. Food Res Int 2021; 143:110225. [PMID: 33992339 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of compost to enhance plant growth and mineral nutrients composition are extensively studied but not much literature information exists on its influence on plant metabolic profiles. A study was performed to assess a 5-year variable frequency of application of Compost Quality Alliance tested municipal solid waste (MSW) compost effect on metabolic profiles of the edible portions of four different vegetable plants. The plants were lettuce (Latuca sativa cv. Grand Rapids), beets (Beta vulgaris cv. Detroit Supreme), carrot (Daucus carota cv. Nantes) and green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Golden Wax) grown under a sub-humid continental climate. The treatments were annual, biennial and no (control) applications of the MSW compost. Typically, soil fertility highly increased with the annual application of the MSW compost followed by the biennial application but declined in the control plot. The annually applied MSW compost increased total amino acids in the lettuce, carrot, beets, and green beans by ca. 323%, 109%, 94% and 18% respectively, compared to the control. Overall, total phospholipids were enhanced by the biennially applied MSW compost. Total organic acids in the lettuce, beets, and green beans were altered by the annual and biennial MSW compost applications by ca. 35% and 23%; 6% and 6.4%; and 22% and 65%, respectively compared to the control. A 2-dimension principal component analysis biplot confirmed positive association between the different frequencies of MSW compost application and soil fertility enhancement of plant metabolites. In conclusion, the annual application of MSW compost enhanced amino acids, phospholipids, acylcarnitines, amines and choline but reduced glucose in the lettuce, beets, carrot, and green beans. Further studies to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning such biofortification will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lord Abbey
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Raphael Ofoe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lokanadha Rao Gunupuru
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mercy Ijenyo
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Nitrogen Uptake in Plants: The Plasma Membrane Root Transport Systems from a Physiological and Proteomic Perspective. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040681. [PMID: 33916130 PMCID: PMC8066207 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen nutrition in plants is a key determinant in crop productivity. The availability of nitrogen nutrients in the soil, both inorganic (nitrate and ammonium) and organic (urea and free amino acids), highly differs and influences plant physiology, growth, metabolism, and root morphology. Deciphering this multifaceted scenario is mandatory to improve the agricultural sustainability. In root cells, specific proteins located at the plasma membrane play key roles in the transport and sensing of nitrogen forms. This review outlines the current knowledge regarding the biochemical and physiological aspects behind the uptake of the individual nitrogen forms, their reciprocal interactions, the influences on root system architecture, and the relations with other proteins sustaining fundamental plasma membrane functionalities, such as aquaporins and H+-ATPase. This topic is explored starting from the information achieved in the model plant Arabidopsis and moving to crops in agricultural soils. Moreover, the main contributions provided by proteomics are described in order to highlight the goals and pitfalls of this approach and to get new hints for future studies.
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Han M, Zhang C, Suglo P, Sun S, Wang M, Su T. l-Aspartate: An Essential Metabolite for Plant Growth and Stress Acclimation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071887. [PMID: 33810495 PMCID: PMC8037285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
L-aspartate (Asp) serves as a central building block, in addition to being a constituent of proteins, for many metabolic processes in most organisms, such as biosynthesis of other amino acids, nucleotides, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis pathway intermediates, and hormones, which are vital for growth and defense. In animals and humans, lines of data have proved that Asp is indispensable for cell proliferation. However, in plants, despite the extensive study of the Asp family amino acid pathway, little attention has been paid to the function of Asp through the other numerous pathways. This review aims to elucidate the most important aspects of Asp in plants, from biosynthesis to catabolism and the role of Asp and its metabolic derivatives in response to changing environmental conditions. It considers the distribution of Asp in various cell compartments and the change of Asp level, and its significance in the whole plant under various stresses. Moreover, it provides evidence of the interconnection between Asp and phytohormones, which have prominent functions in plant growth, development, and defense. The updated information will help improve our understanding of the physiological role of Asp and Asp-borne metabolic fluxes, supporting the modular operation of these networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.H.); (C.Z.); (P.S.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Can Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.H.); (C.Z.); (P.S.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Peter Suglo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.H.); (C.Z.); (P.S.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Shuyue Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.H.); (C.Z.); (P.S.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Mingyao Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.H.); (C.Z.); (P.S.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Tao Su
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.H.); (C.Z.); (P.S.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence:
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Omari Alzahrani F. Genome Wide Analysis of Amino Acid Transporter Superfamily in Solanum lycopersicum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10020289. [PMID: 33546314 PMCID: PMC7913553 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters (AATs) are integral membrane proteins and have several functions, including transporting amino acids across cellular membranes. They are critical for plant growth and development. This study comprehensively identified AAT-encoding genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), which is an important vegetable crop and serves as a model for fleshy fruit development. In this study, 88 genes were identified in the S. lycopersicum genome and grouped into 12 subfamilies, based on previously identified AATs in Arabidopsis, rice (Oryza sativa), and potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants. Chromosomal localization revealed that S. lycopersicum AAT (SlAAT) genes are distributed on the 12 S. lycopersicum chromosomes. Segmental duplication events contribute mainly to the expansion of SlAAT genes and about 32% (29 genes) of SlAAT genes were found to originate from this type of event. Expression profiles of SlAAT genes in various tissues of S. lycopersicum using RNA sequencing data from the Tomato Functional Genomics Database (http://ted.bti.cornell.edu/) showed that SlAAT genes exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns. Comprehensive data generated in this study will provide a platform for further studies on the SlAAT gene family and will facilitate the functional characterization of SlAAT genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Omari Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha 65527, Albaha Province, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Li K, Yan M, Zhang J, Yu M, Tang S, Wang L, Qu H, Luo L, Xuan W, Xu G. Nitrogen Mediates Flowering Time and Nitrogen Use Efficiency via Floral Regulators in Rice. Curr Biol 2020; 31:671-683.e5. [PMID: 33278354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High nitrogen (N) fertilization for maximizing crop yield commonly leads to postponed flowering time (heading date in rice) and ripening, thus affecting resources use efficiency and followed planting time. We found that N-mediated heading date-1 (Nhd1) can directly activate florigen gene OsHd3a in rice. Inactivation of either Nhd1 or OsHd3a results in delay and insensitivity to N supply of flowering time. Knockout of Nhd1 increases N uptake and utilization efficiency at low-to-moderate N level under both short- and long-day field conditions. Increasing glutamine, the product of N assimilation, can upregulate expression of Nhd1, which in turn downregulates OsFd-GOGAT expression and OsFd-GOGAT activity, displaying a Nhd1-controlled negative feedback regulatory pathway of N assimilation. Moreover, N fertilization effect on rice flowering time shows genetically controlled diversity, and single-nucleotide polymorphism in Nhd1 promoter may relate to different responses of flowering time to N application. Nhd1 thus balances flowering time and N use efficiency in addition to photoperiod in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kangning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jinfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Luyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongye Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Le Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Akbudak MA, Filiz E. Genome-wide investigation of proline transporter (ProT) gene family in tomato: Bioinformatics and expression analyses in response to drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:13-22. [PMID: 33069977 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proline has various functions in plants, such as growth, development and stress response to biotic and abiotic factors. Therefore, proline accumulation and transport are vital for crop production in higher quality and quantity. The present study addresses genome-wide identification and bioinformatics analyses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) proline transporter (ProT) genes and their expression profiles under drought stress. The analyses indicated four novel ProT genes (SlProTs) in the tomato genome and their protein lengths ranged from 439 to 452 amino acid residues. All SlProTs contained a PF01490 (transmembrane amino acid transporter protein) domain and seven exons, and they had a basic pI. The phylogeny analysis proved that monocot-dicot divergence was not present and the SlProT proteins were distinct from the ProT proteins in monocots and Arabidopsis. Based on the digital expression analysis, SlProT1 and SlProT2 genes seemed to be more active than the others in response to abiotic stress conditions. However, detected by RT-qPCR, the expression levels of all SlProT genes under drought stress were similar. The promotor analyses of SlProT genes revealed that they contained many transcription factors binding sites in cis-elements, such as MYB, Dof, Hox, bZIP, bHLH, AP2/ERF and WRKY. Finally, our findings could contribute to the understanding of SlProT genes and proline metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aydın Akbudak
- Akdeniz University, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Ertugrul Filiz
- Duzce University, Department of Crop and Animal Production, Cilimli Vocational School, 81750, Cilimli, Duzce, Turkey.
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The Arabidopsis L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 5 (LAT5/PUT5) Is Expressed in the Phloem and Alters Seed Nitrogen Content When Knocked Out. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111519. [PMID: 33182302 PMCID: PMC7695346 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis L-type Amino Acid Transporter-5 (LAT5; At3g19553) was recently studied for its role in developmental responses such as flowering and senescence, under an assumption that it is a polyamine uptake transporter (PUT5). The LATs in Arabidopsis have a wide range of substrates, including amino acids and polyamines. This report extensively studied the organ and tissue-specific expression of the LAT5/PUT5 and investigated its role in mediating amino acid transport. Organ-specific quantitative RT-PCR detected LAT5/PUT5 transcripts in all organs with a relatively higher abundance in the leaves. Tissue-specific expression analysis identified GUS activity in the phloem under the LAT5/PUT5 promoter. In silico analysis identified both amino acid transporter and antiporter domains conserved in the LAT5/PUT5 protein. The physiological role of the LAT5/PUT5 was studied through analyzing a mutant line, lat5-1, under various growth conditions. The mutant lat5-1 seedlings showed increased sensitivity to exogenous leucine in Murashige and Skoog growth medium. In soil, the lat5-1 showed reduced leaf growth and altered nitrogen content in the seeds. In planta radio-labelled leucine uptake studies showed increased accumulation of leucine in the lat5-1 plants compared to the wild type when treated in the dark prior to the isotopic feeding. These studies suggest that LAT5/PUT5 plays a role in mediating amino acid transport.
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Chakraborty N, Besra A, Basak J. Molecular Cloning of an Amino Acid Permease Gene and Structural Characterization of the Protein in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:210-217. [PMID: 32036550 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants synthesize amino acids by collateral metabolic pathways using primary elements carbon and oxygen from air, hydrogen from water in soil and nitrogen from soil. Following synthesis, amino acids are immediately used for metabolism, transient storage or transported to the phloem. Different families of transporters have been identified for import of amino acids into plant cells. The first identified amino acid transporter, amino acid permease 1 (AAP1) in Arabidopsis belongs to a family of eight members and transports acidic, neutral, and basic amino acids. Legumes fix atmospheric nitrogen through a symbiotic relationship with root nodules bacteria. Following fixation, nitrogen is reduced to amino acids and is exported via different amino acid transporters. However, information is lacking about the structure of these important classes of amino acid transporter proteins in plant. We have amplified AAP from Phaseolus vulgaris, an economically important leguminous plant grown all over the world, and sequenced. The sequence has been characterized in silico and a three-dimensional structure of AAP has been predicted and validated. The information obtained not only enhances the knowledge about the structure of an amino acid permease gene in P. vulgaris, but will also help in designing protein-ligand studies using this protein as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Chakraborty
- Genomics of Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India.,Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Alfred Besra
- Genomics of Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India
| | - Jolly Basak
- Genomics of Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India.
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Tian R, Yang Y, Chen M. Genome-wide survey of the amino acid transporter gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Identification, expression analysis and response to abiotic stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1372-1387. [PMID: 32781128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters (AATs), which transport amino acids across cell membranes, play important roles in alleviating plant damage under stresses and in plant growth. To data, little is known about the AAT genes in wheat because of its complex genome. In this study, a total of 296 AAT genes were identified from the latest wheat genome sequence (IWGSC v1.1) and classified into 12 distinct subfamilies based upon their sequence composition and phylogenetic relationship. The expansion of the wheat AAT family was mainly the results of whole-genome duplication (WGD) and tandem events. The unequal expansion of different subfamilies brought new features to TaAATs. TaAATs were highly expressed and exhibited distinct expression patterns in different tissues. On the basis of homology and expression pattern analysis, we identified several wheat AAT family members that may affect grain quality. In addition, TaAAP3, TaATLa2 and TaATLb13 exhibited sustained expression in response to drought and high-temperature stress. These genes are involved in the response of wheat to abiotic stress by regulating the transport and distribution of amino acids. Overall, our results help to understand the complexity of TaAATs and provide a theoretical basis for further identification and utilization of AATs in wheat and other crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizheng Tian
- Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Maohua Chen
- Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China.
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Yao X, Nie J, Bai R, Sui X. Amino Acid Transporters in Plants: Identification and Function. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080972. [PMID: 32751984 PMCID: PMC7466100 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters are the main mediators of nitrogen distribution throughout the plant body, and are essential for sustaining growth and development. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the identity and biological functions of amino acid transporters in plants, and discuss the regulation of amino acid transporters in response to environmental stimuli. We focus on transporter function in amino acid assimilation and phloem loading and unloading, as well as on the molecular identity of amino acid exporters. Moreover, we discuss the effects of amino acid transport on carbon assimilation, as well as their cross-regulation, which is at the heart of sustainable agricultural production.
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Amino Acid Transporters in Plant Cells: A Brief Review. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080967. [PMID: 32751704 PMCID: PMC7464682 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are not only a nitrogen source that can be directly absorbed by plants, but also the major transport form of organic nitrogen in plants. A large number of amino acid transporters have been identified in different plant species. Despite belonging to different families, these amino acid transporters usually exhibit some general features, such as broad expression pattern and substrate selectivity. This review mainly focuses on transporters involved in amino acid uptake, phloem loading and unloading, xylem-phloem transfer, import into seed and intracellular transport in plants. We summarize the other physiological roles mediated by amino acid transporters, including development regulation, abiotic stress tolerance and defense response. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of amino acid transporters for crop genetic improvement.
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50
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Toyoizumi T, Ohba S, Takano-Ishikawa Y, Ikegaya A, Nakajima T. Placental tissue of greenhouse muskmelon ( Cucumis melo L.) contains more gamma-aminobutyric acid with antioxidant capacity than the fleshed pulp. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1211-1220. [PMID: 32079485 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1729089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in Earl's muskmelon is more concentrated in the inner than the outer parts of the fruit. Here, the GABA and antioxidant capacity of the placental tissue of muskmelon, which is considered waste, were evaluated for possible use as a source of bioactive compounds. The concentrations of GABA and related substances in the placental tissue were significantly higher than in the fleshed pulp, whereas glutamic acid and sugar levels were significantly lower. The two sites showed no difference in GAD activity. Furthermore, the placental site showed high antioxidant capacities based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and oxygen radical absorbance capacity for hydrophilic compounds assays compared with the fleshed pulp, because of the higher levels of total phenolic and L-ascorbic acids. Therefore, the placental tissue of muskmelons may be useful for developing functional foods, which would also reduce the amount of residues during muskmelon processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyasu Toyoizumi
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Iwata, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohba
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Iwata, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Ikegaya
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Iwata, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Suruga-ku, Japan
| | - Teruko Nakajima
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Iwata, Japan
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