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Yang Y, Tan YQ, Wang X, Li JJ, Du BY, Zhu M, Wang P, Wang YF. OPEN STOMATA 1 phosphorylates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELs to trigger Ca2+ signaling for abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2328-2358. [PMID: 38442317 PMCID: PMC11132897 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Multiple cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) are abscisic acid (ABA)-activated Ca2+ channels in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) guard cells. In particular, CNGC5, CNGC6, CNGC9, and CNGC12 are essential for ABA-specific cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and stomatal movements. However, the mechanisms underlying ABA-mediated regulation of CNGCs and Ca2+ signaling are still unknown. In this study, we identified the Ca2+-independent protein kinase OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) as a CNGC activator in Arabidopsis. OST1-targeted phosphorylation sites were identified in CNGC5, CNGC6, CNGC9, and CNGC12. These CNGCs were strongly inhibited by Ser-to-Ala mutations and fully activated by Ser-to-Asp mutations at the OST1-targeted sites. The overexpression of individual inactive CNGCs (iCNGCs) under the UBIQUITIN10 promoter in wild-type Arabidopsis conferred a strong dominant-negative-like ABA-insensitive stomatal closure phenotype. In contrast, expressing active CNGCs (aCNGCs) under their respective native promoters in the cngc5-1 cngc6-2 cngc9-1 cngc12-1 quadruple mutant fully restored ABA-activated cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations and Ca2+ currents in guard cells, and rescued the ABA-insensitive stomatal movement mutant phenotypes. Thus, we uncovered that ABA elicits cytosolic Ca2+ signaling via an OST1-CNGC module, in which OST1 functions as a convergence point of the Ca2+-dependent and -independent pathways in Arabidopsis guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo-Ya Du
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meijun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Blatt MR. A charged existence: A century of transmembrane ion transport in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:79-110. [PMID: 38163639 PMCID: PMC11060664 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
If the past century marked the birth of membrane transport as a focus for research in plants, the past 50 years has seen the field mature from arcane interest to a central pillar of plant physiology. Ion transport across plant membranes accounts for roughly 30% of the metabolic energy consumed by a plant cell, and it underpins virtually every aspect of plant biology, from mineral nutrition, cell expansion, and development to auxin polarity, fertilization, plant pathogen defense, and senescence. The means to quantify ion flux through individual transporters, even single channel proteins, became widely available as voltage clamp methods expanded from giant algal cells to the fungus Neurospora crassa in the 1970s and the cells of angiosperms in the 1980s. Here, I touch briefly on some key aspects of the development of modern electrophysiology with a focus on the guard cells of stomata, now without dispute the premier plant cell model for ion transport and its regulation. Guard cells have proven to be a crucible for many technical and conceptual developments that have since emerged into the mainstream of plant science. Their study continues to provide fundamental insights and carries much importance for the global challenges that face us today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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3
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Ali S, Tyagi A, Park S, Bae H. Understanding the mechanobiology of phytoacoustics through molecular Lens: Mechanisms and future perspectives. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00398-3. [PMID: 38101748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How plants emit, perceive, and respond to sound vibrations (SVs) is a long-standing question in the field of plant sensory biology. In recent years, there have been numerous studies on how SVs affect plant morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits related to growth and adaptive responses. For instance, under drought SVs navigate plant roots towards water, activate their defence responses against stressors, and increase nectar sugar in response to pollinator SVs. Also, plants emit SVs during stresses which are informative in terms of ecological and adaptive perspective. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the SV perception and emission in plants remain largely unknown. Therefore, deciphering the complexity of plant-SV interactions and identifying bonafide receptors and signaling players will be game changers overcoming the roadblocks in phytoacoustics. AIM OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent developments in phytoacoustics. We primarily focuss on SV signal perception and transduction with current challenges and future perspectives. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Timeline breakthroughs in phytoacoustics have constantly shaped our understanding and belief that plants may emit and respond to SVs like other species. However, unlike other plant mechanostimuli, little is known about SV perception and signal transduction. Here, we provide an update on phytoacoustics and its ecological importance. Next, we discuss the role of cell wall receptor-like kinases, mechanosensitive channels, intracellular organelle signaling, and other key players involved in plant-SV receptive pathways that connect them. We also highlight the role of calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), hormones, and other emerging signaling molecules in SV signal transduction. Further, we discuss the importance of molecular, biophysical, computational, and live cell imaging tools for decoding the molecular complexity of acoustic signaling in plants. Finally, we summarised the role of SV priming in plants and discuss how SVs could modulate plant defense and growth trade-offs during other stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Jiang Z, Du L, Shen L, He J, Xia X, Zhang L, Yang X. Genome-Wide Exploration and Expression Analysis of the CNGC Gene Family in Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) under Cold Stress, with Functional Characterization of SmCNGC1a. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13049. [PMID: 37685854 PMCID: PMC10487859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important economic crop, and to date, there has been no genome-wide identification and analysis of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) gene family in eggplant. In this study, we identified the CNGC gene family in eggplant, and the results showed that 29 SmCNGC genes were classified into five groups, unevenly distributed across the 12 chromosomes of eggplant. The gene structure and motif analysis indicated that the SmCNGC family proteins may exhibit apparent preferences during evolution. Furthermore, our study revealed the presence of numerous light-responsive elements, hormone-responsive elements, and transcription factor binding sites in the promoter regions of SmCNGC genes, suggesting their significant role in environmental adaptability regulation. Finally, we analyzed the expression patterns of all SmCNGC genes under cold stress and found that SmCNGC1a was significantly upregulated under cold stress. Subcellular localization experiments indicated that this gene is located on the plasma membrane. Subsequently, its importance in the low-temperature response of eggplant was validated through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and its protein interactome was predicted. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the function and regulatory mechanisms of the CNGC gene family in eggplant, laying an important foundation for further research on cold adaptation in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xu Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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5
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Tan YQ, Yang Y, Shen X, Zhu M, Shen J, Zhang W, Hu H, Wang YF. Multiple cyclic nucleotide-gated channels function as ABA-activated Ca2+ channels required for ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:239-259. [PMID: 36069643 PMCID: PMC9806652 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA)-activated inward Ca2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane (PM) of guard cells are required for the initiation and regulation of ABA-specific cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and stomatal closure in plants. But the identities of the PM Ca2+ channels are still unknown. We hypothesized that the ABA-activated Ca2+ channels consist of multiple CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNEL (CNGC) proteins from the CNGC family, which is known as a Ca2+-permeable channel family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In this research, we observed high expression of multiple CNGC genes in Arabidopsis guard cells, namely CNGC5, CNGC6, CNGC9, and CNGC12. The T-DNA insertional loss-of-function quadruple mutant cngc5-1 cngc6-2 cngc9-1 cngc12-1 (hereafter c5/6/9/12) showed a strong ABA-insensitive phenotype of stomatal closure. Further analysis revealed that ABA-activated Ca2+ channel currents were impaired, and ABA-specific cytosolic Ca2+ oscillation patterns were disrupted in c5/6/9/12 guard cells compared with in wild-type guard cells. All ABA-related phenotypes of the c5/6/9/12 mutant were successfully rescued by the expression of a single gene out of the four CNGCs under the respective native promoter. Thus, our findings reveal a type of ABA-activated PM Ca2+ channel comprising multiple CNGCs, which is essential for ABA-specific Ca2+ signaling of guard cells and ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meijun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Shi J, Du X. Transcriptome analysis reveals the regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels in response to exogenous abscisic acid and calcium treatment under drought stress in tomato. Front Genet 2023; 14:1139087. [PMID: 36926586 PMCID: PMC10013689 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1139087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Drought stress can limit the growth and development of tomato seedlings and cause considerable loss of tomato yield. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and calcium (Ca2+) can effectively alleviate the damage of drought stress to plants in part because Ca2+ acts as a second messenger in the drought resistance pathway. Although cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) are common non-specific Ca2+ osmotic channels in cell membranes, a thorough understanding of the transcriptome characteristics of tomato treated with exogenous ABA and Ca2+ under drought stress is necessary to characterize the molecular mechanism of CNGC involved in tomato drought resistance. Results: There were 12,896 differentially expressed genes in tomato under drought stress, as well as 11,406 and 12,502 differentially expressed genes after exogenous ABA and Ca2+ application, respectively. According to functional annotations and reports, the 19 SlCNGC genes related to Ca2+ transport were initially screened, with 11 SlCNGC genes that were upregulated under drought stress and downregulated after exogenous ABA application. After exogenous Ca2+ application, the data showed that two of these genes were upregulated, while nine genes were downregulated. Based on these expression patterns, we predicted the role of SlCNGC genes in the drought resistance pathway and their regulation by exogenous ABA and Ca2+ in tomato. Conclusion: The results of this study provide foundational data for further study of the function of SlCNGC genes and a more comprehensive understanding of drought resistance mechanisms in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Shi
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangge Du
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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7
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Gao Q, Wang C, Xi Y, Shao Q, Hou C, Li L, Luan S. RALF signaling pathway activates MLO calcium channels to maintain pollen tube integrity. Cell Res 2023; 33:71-79. [PMID: 36588121 PMCID: PMC9810639 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen tube tip growth requires intricate Ca2+ signaling. Recent studies have also identified rapid alkalization factor (RALF)-family peptides and their receptors as critical components for pollen tube tip growth and integrity. The functional relationship of RALF and calcium signaling modules remains largely unclear. Here we report that disruption of RALF signaling pathway abolished the cytosolic Ca2+ gradient in the pollen tube, indicating that Ca2+ signaling is downstream of the RALF signaling pathway. We identified MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O (MLO) family proteins MLO1, 5, 9, 15, as Ca2+ channels required for Ca2+ influx and pollen tube integrity. We further reconstituted the biochemical pathway in which signaling via RALF and RALF receptors activated MLO1/5/9/15 calcium channels. Together, we conclude that RALF peptides derived from pollen tube bind to their receptors to establish pollen tube Ca2+ gradient through activation of the MLO channels. Our finding has thus provided a mechanistic link between the RALF signaling pathway and Ca2+ signaling in controlling pollen tube integrity and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Gao
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Chao Wang
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Yasheng Xi
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Qiaolin Shao
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Congcong Hou
- grid.253663.70000 0004 0368 505XCollege of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Legong Li
- grid.253663.70000 0004 0368 505XCollege of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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8
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She K, Pan W, Yan Y, Shi T, Chu Y, Cheng Y, Ma B, Song W. Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution and Expressional Analysis of OSCA Gene Family in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13027. [PMID: 36361820 PMCID: PMC9653715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hyperosmolality-gated calcium-permeable channel gene family (OSCA) is one kind of conserved osmosensors, playing a crucial role in maintaining ion and water homeostasis and protecting cellular stability from the damage of hypertonic stress. Although it has been systematically characterized in diverse plants, it is necessary to explore the role of the OSCA family in barley, especially its importance in regulating abiotic stress response. In this study, a total of 13 OSCA genes (HvOSCAs) were identified in barley through an in silico genome search method, which were clustered into 4 clades based on phylogenetic relationships with members in the same clade showing similar protein structures and conserved motif compositions. These HvOSCAs had many cis-regulatory elements related to various abiotic stress, such as MBS and ARE, indicating their potential roles in abiotic stress regulation. Furthermore, their expression patterns were systematically detected under diverse stresses using RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR methods. All of these 13 HvOSCAs were significantly induced by drought, cold, salt and ABA treatment, demonstrating their functions in osmotic regulation. Finally, the genetic variations of the HvOSCAs were investigated using the re-sequencing data, and their nucleotide diversity in wild barley and landrace populations were 0.4966 × 10-3 and 0.391 × 10-3, respectively, indicating that a genetic bottleneck has occurred in the OSCA family during the barley evolution process. This study evaluated the genomic organization, evolutionary relationship and genetic expression of the OSCA family in barley, which not only provides potential candidates for further functional genomic study, but also contributes to genetically improving stress tolerance in barley and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuijun She
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Crop Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Wenqiu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Tingrui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yingqi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Bo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Weining Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
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9
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Constitutive activation of a nuclear-localized calcium channel complex in Medicago truncatula. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205920119. [PMID: 35972963 PMCID: PMC9407390 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205920119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Ca2+ oscillations allow symbiosis signaling, facilitating plant recognition of beneficial microsymbionts, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, and nutrient-capturing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Two classes of channels, DMI1 and CNGC15, in a complex on the nuclear membrane, coordinate symbiotic Ca2+ oscillations. However, the mechanism of Ca2+ signature generation is unknown. Here, we demonstrate spontaneous activation of this channel complex, through gain-of-function mutations in DMI1, leading to spontaneous nuclear Ca2+ oscillations and spontaneous nodulation, in a CNGC15-dependent manner. The mutations destabilize a hydrogen-bond or salt-bridge network between two RCK domains, with the resultant structural changes, alongside DMI1 cation permeability, activating the channel complex. This channel complex was reconstituted in human HEK293T cell lines, with the resultant calcium influx enhanced by autoactivated DMI1 and CNGC15s. Our results demonstrate the mode of activation of this nuclear channel complex, show that DMI1 and CNGC15 are sufficient to create oscillatory Ca2+ signals, and provide insights into its native mode of induction.
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10
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Köster P, DeFalco TA, Zipfel C. Ca 2+ signals in plant immunity. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110741. [PMID: 35560235 PMCID: PMC9194748 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions function as a key second messenger ion in eukaryotes. Spatially and temporally defined cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals are shaped through the concerted activity of ion channels, exchangers, and pumps in response to diverse stimuli; these signals are then decoded through the activity of Ca2+ -binding sensor proteins. In plants, Ca2+ signaling is central to both pattern- and effector-triggered immunity, with the generation of characteristic cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevations in response to potential pathogens being common to both. However, despite their importance, and a long history of scientific interest, the transport proteins that shape Ca2+ signals and their integration remain poorly characterized. Here, we discuss recent work that has both shed light on and deepened the mysteries of Ca2+ signaling in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Köster
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A DeFalco
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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11
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Scheible N, Yoon GM, McCubbin AG. Calmodulin Domain Protein Kinase PiCDPK1 Regulates Pollen Tube Growth Polarity through Interaction with RhoGDI. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030254. [PMID: 35161234 PMCID: PMC8838988 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The pollen-specific calcium-dependent protein kinase PiCDPK1 of Petunia inflata has previously been shown to regulate polarity in tip growth in pollen tubes. Here we report the identification of a Rho Guanine Dissociation Inhibitor (PiRhoGDI1) as a PiCDPK1 interacting protein. We demonstrate that PiRhoGDI1 and PiCDPK1 interact in a yeast 2-hybrid assay, as well as in an in vitro pull-down assay, and that PiRhoGDI1 is phosphorylated by PiCDPK1 in vitro. We further demonstrate the PiRhoGDI1 is capable of rescuing the loss of growth polarity phenotype caused by over-expressing PiCDPK1 in vivo using stable transgenic plants. We confirmed that PiRhoGDI1 interacts with a pollen-expressed ROP GTPase isoform consistent with the established role of RhoGDIs in negatively regulating GTPases through their membrane removal and locking them in an inactive cytosolic complex. ROP is a central regulator of polarity in tip growth, upstream of Ca2+, and PiCDPK1 over-expression has been previously reported to lead to dramatic elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ through a positive feedback loop. The discovery that PiCDPK1 impacts ROP regulation via PiRhoGDI1 suggests that PiCDPK1 acts as RhoGDI displacement factor and leads us to propose a model which we hypothesize regulates the rapid recycling of ROP GTPase at the pollen tube tip.
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12
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Böhm J, Scherzer S. Signaling and transport processes related to the carnivorous lifestyle of plants living on nutrient-poor soil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2017-2031. [PMID: 35235668 PMCID: PMC8890503 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In Eukaryotes, long-distance and rapid signal transmission is required in order to be able to react fast and flexibly to external stimuli. This long-distance signal transmission cannot take place by diffusion of signal molecules from the site of perception to the target tissue, as their speed is insufficient. Therefore, for adequate stimulus transmission, plants as well as animals make use of electrical signal transmission, as this can quickly cover long distances. This update summarises the most important advances in plant electrical signal transduction with a focus on the carnivorous Venus flytrap. It highlights the different types of electrical signals, examines their underlying ion fluxes and summarises the carnivorous processes downstream of the electrical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Böhm
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Our knowledge of plant ion channels was significantly enhanced by the first application of the patch-clamp technique to isolated guard cell protoplasts over 35 years ago. Since then, research has demonstrated the importance of ion channels in the control of gas exchange in guard cells, their role in nutrient uptake in roots, and the participation of calcium-permeable cation channels in the regulation of cell signaling affected by the intracellular concentrations of this second messenger. In recent years, through the employment of reverse genetics, mutant proteins, and heterologous expression systems, research on ion channels has identified mechanisms that modify their activity through protein-protein interactions or that result in activation and/or deactivation of ion channels through posttranslational modifications. Additional and confirmatory information on ion channel functioning has been derived from the crystallization and molecular modeling of plant proteins that, together with functional analyses, have helped to increase our knowledge of the functioning of these important membrane proteins that may eventually help to improve crop yield. Here, an update on the advances obtained in plant ion channel function during the last few years is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Pantoja
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, México;
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14
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Jarratt-Barnham E, Wang L, Ning Y, Davies JM. The Complex Story of Plant Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020874. [PMID: 33467208 PMCID: PMC7830781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) are tetrameric cation channels which may be activated by the cyclic nucleotides (cNMPs) adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes 20 CNGC subunits associated with aspects of development, stress response and immunity. Recently, it has been demonstrated that CNGC subunits form heterotetrameric complexes which behave differently from the homotetramers produced by their constituent subunits. These findings have widespread implications for future signalling research and may help explain how specificity can be achieved by CNGCs that are known to act in disparate pathways. Regulation of complex formation may involve cyclic nucleotide-gated channel-like proteins.
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15
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Ba YY, Bao JF, Deng HT, Wang ZY, Li XW, Gong T, Huang W, Zhang XS. Single-Layer Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Ion-Doped Natural Nanofibrils. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42859-42867. [PMID: 32856889 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As emerging ambient energy harvesting technology, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have proven to be a robust power source and have demonstrated the unique ability to power micro-nano electronics autonomously to form self-powered devices. Although four working modes of TENGs have been developed to promote the feasibility of self-powered micro-nano systems, the relatively complicated structure composed of multilayer and movable components limits the practical applications of TENGs. Herein, we propose a single-layer triboelectric nanogenerator (SL-TENG) based on ion-doped natural nanofibrils. Compared with the simplest mode of currently existing TENGs, i.e., the single-electrode type, this novel single-electrode TENG further simplifies the configuration by the removal of the dielectric layer. The underlying mechanism of the proposed SL-TENG is comprehensively investigated through electrical measurements and the analysis of the effect of ion species at different concentrations. In contrast to conventional TENGs that require electrodes to realize charge transfer, it is revealed that the ions doped into natural nanofibrils effectively realize charge transfer due to the separation and migration of cations and anions. This new working principle based on the combination of electrons and ions enables TENGs to show greater potential for applications since the ultrasimple single-layer configuration enables them to be more easily integrated with other electronic components; additionally, the whole device of the proposed SL-TENG is biodegradable because the natural nanofibrils are completely extracted from carrots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yuan Ba
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jing-Fu Bao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Hai-Tao Deng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Tianxun Gong
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Wen Huang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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16
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Qian M, Xu L, Tang C, Zhang H, Gao H, Cao P, Yin H, Wu L, Wu J, Gu C, Zhang S. PbrPOE21 inhibits pear pollen tube growth in vitro by altering apical reactive oxygen species content. PLANTA 2020; 252:43. [PMID: 32870426 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide identification, tissue-specific expression analysis and functional characterization of selected genes containing the pear Pollen Olea europaea I domain reveal their roles in pollen tube growth. Genes containing the Pollen Olea europaea I (POE) domain play crucial roles in diverse growth and developmental processes. Nevertheless, the specific functions of POE family members in progression of pollen tube growth (PTG) remain uncharacterized. We identified 45 PbrPOE genes in the pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) genome, clustered into seven subclasses. PbrPOE genes contained 1 to 11 exons and 0 to 10 introns, with exon/intron structure mostly conserved within each subclass. Whole-genome duplication has mainly contributed to the duplication pattern of PbrPOE genes in pear. Expression profiles of 45 PbrPOE genes in 12 different pear tissues revealed that six PbrPOE genes (PbrPOE6, 12, 21, 29, 35 and 41) of subclass B were highly expressed during the growth of the pear pollen tube in vitro. PbrPOE21 was selected for further functional analysis on the basis of its high and differential expression pattern in pollen. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide assays demonstrated that PTG was augmented in vitro when PbrPOE21 expression was significantly inhibited. Moreover, pollen tube length in vitro was reduced when PbrPOE21 was transitorily over-expressed using particle bombardment technology. Exogenous PbrPOE21 recombinant protein inhibited PTG in vitro at an optimum concentration of 1.8 µM. PbrPOE21 also affected reactive oxygen species content in the pear pollen tube apex. We suggest that PbrPOE21 inhibits PTG in vitro by altering apical reactive oxygen species content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qian
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linlin Xu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chao Tang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongru Gao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Cao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Yin
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chao Gu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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17
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Shao Q, Gao Q, Lhamo D, Zhang H, Luan S. Two glutamate- and pH-regulated Ca 2+ channels are required for systemic wound signaling in Arabidopsis. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/640/eaba1453. [PMID: 32665412 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plants defend against herbivores and nematodes by rapidly sending signals from the wounded sites to the whole plant. We investigated how plants generate and transduce these rapidly moving, long-distance signals referred to as systemic wound signals. We developed a system for measuring systemic responses to root wounding in Arabidopsis thaliana We found that root wounding or the application of glutamate to wounded roots was sufficient to trigger root-to-shoot Ca2+ waves and slow wave potentials (SWPs). Both of these systemic signals were inhibited by either disruption of both GLR3.3 and GLR3.6, which encode glutamate receptor-like proteins (GLRs), or constitutive activation of the P-type H+-ATPase AHA1. We further showed that GLR3.3 and GLR3.6 displayed Ca2+-permeable channel activities gated by both glutamate and extracellular pH. Together, these results support the hypothesis that wounding inhibits P-type H+-ATPase activity, leading to apoplastic alkalization. This, together with glutamate released from damaged phloem, activates GLRs, resulting in depolarization of membranes in the form of SWPs and the generation of cytosolic Ca2+ increases to propagate systemic wound signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolin Shao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qifei Gao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Dhondup Lhamo
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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18
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Tian W, Wang C, Gao Q, Li L, Luan S. Calcium spikes, waves and oscillations in plant development and biotic interactions. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:750-759. [PMID: 32601423 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The calcium ion (Ca2+) is a universal signal in all eukaryotic cells. A fundamental question is how Ca2+, a simple cation, encodes complex information with high specificity. Extensive research has established a two-step process (encoding and decoding) that governs the specificity of Ca2+ signals. While the encoding mechanism entails a complex array of channels and transporters, the decoding process features a number of Ca2+ sensors and effectors that convert Ca2+ signals into cellular effects. Along this general paradigm, some signalling components may be highly conserved, but others are divergent among different organisms. In plant cells, Ca2+ participates in numerous signalling processes, and here we focus on the latest discoveries on Ca2+-encoding mechanisms in development and biotic interactions. In particular, we use examples such as polarized cell growth of pollen tube and root hair in which tip-focused Ca2+ oscillations specify the signalling events for rapid cell elongation. In plant-microbe interactions, Ca2+ spiking and oscillations hold the key to signalling specificity: while pathogens elicit cytoplasmic spiking, symbiotic microorganisms trigger nuclear Ca2+ oscillations. Herbivore attacks or mechanical wounding can trigger Ca2+ waves traveling a long distance to transmit and convert the local signal to a systemic defence program in the whole plant. What channels and transporters work together to carve out the spatial and temporal patterns of the Ca2+ fluctuations? This question has remained enigmatic for decades until recent studies uncovered Ca2+ channels that orchestrate specific Ca2+ signatures in each of these processes. Future work will further expand the toolkit for Ca2+-encoding mechanisms and place Ca2+ signalling steps into larger signalling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Tian
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qifei Gao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Legong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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19
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Meng JG, Liang L, Jia PF, Wang YC, Li HJ, Yang WC. Integration of ovular signals and exocytosis of a Ca 2+ channel by MLOs in pollen tube guidance. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:143-153. [PMID: 32055051 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal regulation of Ca2+ channels at the plasma membrane in response to extracellular signals is critical for development, stress response and reproduction, but is poorly understood. During flowering-plant reproduction, pollen tubes grow directionally to the ovule, which is guided by ovule-derived signals and dependent on Ca2+ dynamics. However, it is unknown how ovular signals are integrated with cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics in the pollen tube. Here, we show that MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O 5 (MLO5), MLO9 and MLO15 are required for pollen tube responses to ovular signals in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phenotypically distinct from the ovule-bypass phenotype of previously identified mutants, mlo5 mlo9 double-mutant and mlo5 mlo9 mlo15 triple-mutant pollen tubes twist and pile up after sensing the ovular cues. Molecular studies reveal that MLO5 and MLO9 selectively recruit Ca2+ channel CNGC18-containing vesicles to the plasma membrane through the R-SNARE proteins VAMP721 and VAMP722 in trans mode. This study identifies members of the conserved seven transmembrane MLO family (expressed in the pollen tube) as tethering factors for Ca2+ channels, reveals a novel mechanism of molecular integration of extracellular ovular cues and selective exocytosis, and sheds light on the general regulation of MLO proteins in cell responses to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Guo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Collage of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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20
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Tan YQ, Yang Y, Zhang A, Fei CF, Gu LL, Sun SJ, Xu W, Wang L, Liu H, Wang YF. Three CNGC Family Members, CNGC5, CNGC6, and CNGC9, Are Required for Constitutive Growth of Arabidopsis Root Hairs as Ca 2+-Permeable Channels. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100001. [PMID: 33404548 PMCID: PMC7748020 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The genetic identities of Ca2+ channels in root hair (RH) tips essential for constitutive RH growth have remained elusive for decades. Here, we report the identification and characterization of three cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) family members, CNGC5, CNGC6, and CNGC9, as Ca2+ channels essential for constitutive RH growth in Arabidopsis. We found that the cngc5-1cngc6-2cngc9-1 triple mutant (designated shrh1) showed significantly shorter and branching RH phenotypes as compared with the wild type. The defective RH growth phenotype of shrh1 could be rescued by either the expression of CNGC5, CNGC6, or CNGC9 single gene or by the supply of high external Ca2+, but could not be rescued by external K+ supply. Cytosolic Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp data in HEK293T cells showed that these three CNGCs all function as Ca2+-permeable channels. Cytosolic Ca2+ imaging in growing RHs further showed that the Ca2+ gradients and their oscillation in RH tips were dramatically attenuated in shrh1 compared with those in the wild type. Phenotypic analysis revealed that these three CNGCs are Ca2+ channels essential for constitutive RH growth, with different roles in RHs from the conditional player CNGC14. Moreover, we found that these three CNGCs are involved in auxin signaling in RHs. Taken together, our study identified CNGC5, CNGC6, and CNGC9 as three key Ca2+ channels essential for constitutive RH growth and auxin signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - An Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cui-Fang Fei
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li-Li Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Jing Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author
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21
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Tang RJ, Luan M, Wang C, Lhamo D, Yang Y, Zhao FG, Lan WZ, Fu AG, Luan S. Plant Membrane Transport Research in the Post-genomic Era. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100013. [PMID: 33404541 PMCID: PMC7747983 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane transport processes are indispensable for many aspects of plant physiology including mineral nutrition, solute storage, cell metabolism, cell signaling, osmoregulation, cell growth, and stress responses. Completion of genome sequencing in diverse plant species and the development of multiple genomic tools have marked a new era in understanding plant membrane transport at the mechanistic level. Genes coding for a galaxy of pumps, channels, and carriers that facilitate various membrane transport processes have been identified while multiple approaches are developed to dissect the physiological roles as well as to define the transport capacities of these transport systems. Furthermore, signaling networks dictating the membrane transport processes are established to fully understand the regulatory mechanisms. Here, we review recent research progress in the discovery and characterization of the components in plant membrane transport that take advantage of plant genomic resources and other experimental tools. We also provide our perspectives for future studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mingda Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dhondup Lhamo
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fu-Geng Zhao
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Lan
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ai-Gen Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Corresponding author
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22
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Kim YJ, Zhang D, Jung KH. Molecular Basis of Pollen Germination in Cereals. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:1126-1136. [PMID: 31610991 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis of pollen germination in cereals holds great potential to improve yield. Pollen, a highly specialized haploid male gametophyte, transports sperm cells through a pollen tube to the female ovule for fertilization, directly determining grain yield in cereal crops. Although insights into the regulation of pollen germination and gamete interaction have advanced rapidly in the model Arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis), the molecular mechanisms in monocot cereals remain largely unknown. Recently, pollen-specific genome-wide and mutant analyses in rice and maize have extended our understanding of monocot regulatory components. We highlight conserved and diverse mechanisms underlying pollen hydration, germination, and tube growth in cereals that provide ideas for translating this research from arabidopsis. Recent developments in gene-editing systems may facilitate further functional genetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia.
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
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23
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Wang X, Zhu B, Jiang Z, Wang S. Calcium-mediation of jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110192. [PMID: 31481228 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) play vital roles in regulating a range of plant growth and development processes including seed germination, seedling development, reproduction, formation and development of storage organs, and senescence. JAs are also involved in the regulation of plant responses to environmental stimuli. The biosynthesis of JAs takes place in three different subcellular compartments, namely, the chloroplast, peroxisome, and cytoplasm. JAs activate the expression of JA-responsive genes by degrading jasmonate zinc-finger-inflorescence meristem (Zim) domain (JAZ) repressors via the E3 ubiquitin-ligase Skp/Cullin/F-box protein CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) complex (SCFCOI1) by using 26S proteasome. Calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis and signaling of JAs in plants. Among these signaling molecules, calcium is one of the most important within plant cells. In plants, intracellular calcium levels change in response to JAs, resulting in calcium signatures with temporal and spatial features. Calcium channels are involved in the generation of calcium signatures. Calcium sensors, including calmodulins (CaMs), CaM-like proteins (CMLs), calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), can act to regulate the biosynthesis and signaling of JAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Biping Zhu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhonghao Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Shucai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
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24
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Ma L, Ye J, Yang Y, Lin H, Yue L, Luo J, Long Y, Fu H, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen L, Kudla J, Wang Y, Han S, Song CP, Guo Y. The SOS2-SCaBP8 Complex Generates and Fine-Tunes an AtANN4-Dependent Calcium Signature under Salt Stress. Dev Cell 2019; 48:697-709.e5. [PMID: 30861376 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signals act as universal second messengers that trigger many cellular processes in animals and plants, but how specific calcium signals are generated is not well understood. In this study, we determined that AtANN4, a putative calcium-permeable transporter, and its interacting proteins, SCaBP8 and SOS2, generate a calcium signal under salt stress, which initially activates the SOS pathway, a conserved mechanism that modulates ion homeostasis in plants under salt stress. After activation, SCaBP8 promotes the interaction of protein kinase SOS2 with AtANN4, which enhances its phosphorylation by SOS2. This phosphorylation of AtANN4 further increases its interaction with SCaBP8. Both the interaction with and phosphorylation of AtANN4 repress its activity and alter calcium transients and signatures in HEK cells and plants. Our results reveal how downstream targets are required to create a specific calcium signal via a negative feedback regulatory loop, thereby enhancing our understanding of the regulation of calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiamin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huixin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lili Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiqi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell Secretion and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- Laboratory of Cell Secretion and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Joerg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 4, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Youjun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengcheng Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475001, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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25
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A cyclic nucleotide-gated channel mediates cytoplasmic calcium elevation and disease resistance in rice. Cell Res 2019; 29:820-831. [PMID: 31444468 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient elevation of cytoplasmic calcium is essential for pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI). However, the calcium channels responsible for this process have remained unknown. Here, we show that rice CDS1 (CELL DEATH and SUSCEPTIBLE to BLAST 1) encoding OsCNGC9, a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel protein, positively regulates the resistance to rice blast disease. We show that OsCNGC9 mediates PAMP-induced Ca2+ influx and that this event is critical for PAMPs-triggered ROS burst and induction of PTI-related defense gene expression. We further show that a PTI-related receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase OsRLCK185 physically interacts with and phosphorylates OsCNGC9 to activate its channel activity. Our results suggest a signaling cascade linking pattern recognition to calcium channel activation, which is required for initiation of PTI and disease resistance in rice.
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26
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Scheible N, McCubbin A. Signaling in Pollen Tube Growth: Beyond the Tip of the Polarity Iceberg. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E156. [PMID: 31181594 PMCID: PMC6630365 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coordinated growth of pollen tubes through floral tissues to deliver the sperm cells to the egg and facilitate fertilization is a highly regulated process critical to the Angiosperm life cycle. Studies suggest that the concerted action of a variety of signaling pathways underlies the rapid polarized tip growth exhibited by pollen tubes. Ca2+ and small GTPase-mediated pathways have emerged as major players in the regulation of pollen tube growth. Evidence suggests that these two signaling pathways not only integrate with one another but also with a variety of other important signaling events. As we continue to elucidate the mechanisms involved in pollen tube growth, there is a growing importance in taking a holistic approach to studying these pathways in order to truly understand how tip growth in pollen tubes is orchestrated and maintained. This review considers our current state of knowledge of Ca2+-mediated and GTPase signaling pathways in pollen tubes, how they may intersect with one another, and other signaling pathways involved. There will be a particular focus on recent reports that have extended our understanding in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Scheible
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA.
| | - Andrew McCubbin
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA.
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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27
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Moeder W, Phan V, Yoshioka K. Ca 2+ to the rescue - Ca 2+channels and signaling in plant immunity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:19-26. [PMID: 30709488 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ is a universal second messenger in many signaling pathways in all eukaryotes including plants. Transient changes in [Ca2+]cyt are rapidly generated upon a diverse range of stimuli such as drought, heat, wounding, and biotic stresses (infection by pathogenic and symbiotic microorganisms), as well as developmental cues. It has been known for a while that [Ca2+]cyt transient signals play crucial roles to activate plant immunity and recently significant progresses have been made in this research field. However the identity and regulation of ion channels that are involved in defense related Ca2+ signals are still enigmatic. Members of two ligand gated ion channel families, glutamate receptor-like channels (GLRs) and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) have been implicated in immune responses; nevertheless more precise data to understand their direct involvement in the creation of Ca2+ signals during immune responses is necessary. Furthermore, the study of other ion channel groups is also required to understand the whole picture of the intra- and inter-cellular Ca2+ signalling network. In this review we summarize Ca2+ signals in plant immunity from an ion channel point of view and discuss future challenges in this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Van Phan
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada; Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada.
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28
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Pan Y, Chai X, Gao Q, Zhou L, Zhang S, Li L, Luan S. Dynamic Interactions of Plant CNGC Subunits and Calmodulins Drive Oscillatory Ca 2+ Channel Activities. Dev Cell 2019; 48:710-725.e5. [PMID: 30713075 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcium is a universal signal in all eukaryotes, but the mechanism for encoding calcium signatures remains largely unknown. Calcium oscillations control pollen tube growth and fertilization in flowering plants, serving as a model for dissecting the molecular machines that mediate calcium fluctuations. We report that pollen-tube-specific cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGC18, CNGC8, and CNGC7) together with calmodulin 2 (CaM2) constitute a molecular switch that either opens or closes the calcium channel depending on cellular calcium levels. Under low calcium, calcium-free calmodulin 2 (Apo-CaM2) interacts with CNGC18-CNGC8 complex, leading to activation of the influx channel and consequently increasing cytosolic calcium levels. Calcium-bound CaM2 dissociates from CNGC18/8 heterotetramer, closing the channel and initiating a downturn of cellular calcium levels. We further reconstituted the calcium oscillator in HEK293 cells, supporting the model that Ca2+-CaM-dependent regulation of CNGC channel activity provides an auto-regulatory feedback mechanism for calcium oscillations during pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xuyang Chai
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qifei Gao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Liming Zhou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sisi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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29
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Wu Y, Qin B, Feng K, Yan R, Kang E, Liu T, Shang Z. Extracellular ATP promoted pollen germination and tube growth of Nicotiana tabacum through promoting K + and Ca 2+ absorption. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:399-410. [PMID: 29934740 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0341-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) plays an essential role in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. Here, we report that eATP participated in Nicotiana tabacum pollen germination (PG) and pollen tube growth (PTG) by regulating K+ and Ca2+ influx. Exogenous ATP or ADP effectively promoted PG and PTG in a dose-dependent manner; weakly hydrolysable ATP analog (ATPγS) showed a similar effect. AMP, adenosine, adenine, and phosphate did not affect PG or PTG. Within a certain range, higher concentrations of K+ or Ca2+ in the medium increased the effect of ATP in promoting PG and PTG. However, in mediums containing K+ or Ca2+ concentrations above this range, the effect of ATP was reversed, resulting in PG and PTG inhibition. Ca2+ chelators (EGTA), Ca2+ channel blockers, and K+ channel blockers suppressed ATP-promoted PG and PTG. Results from a patch clamp showed that ATP activated a K+ and Ca2+ influx in pollen protoplasts. These results suggest that, as an apoplastic signal, eATP may be involved in PG and PTG via regulating Ca2+ and K+ absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
- Department of Chemistry Engineering and Biological Technology, Xingtai University, Xingtai, 054001, Hebei, China
| | - Baozhi Qin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Kaili Feng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Ruolin Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Erfang Kang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Zhonglin Shang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China.
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30
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Wang X, Hao L, Zhu B, Jiang Z. Plant Calcium Signaling in Response to Potassium Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3456. [PMID: 30400321 PMCID: PMC6275041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K⁺) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the most abundant cation in the cytosol. K⁺ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, soil K⁺ availability is very low and variable, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. Various K⁺ shortage-activated signaling cascades exist. Among these, calcium signaling is the most important signaling system within plant cells. This review is focused on the possible roles of calcium signaling in plant responses to low-K⁺ stress. In plants, intracellular calcium levels are first altered in response to K⁺ deficiency, resulting in calcium signatures that exhibit temporal and spatial features. In addition, calcium channels located within the root epidermis and root hair zone can then be activated by hyperpolarization of plasma membrane (PM) in response to low-K⁺ stress. Afterward, calcium sensors, including calmodulin (CaM), CaM-like protein (CML), calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), and calcineurin B-like protein (CBL), can act in the sensing of K⁺ deprivation. In particular, the important components regarding CBL/CBL-interacting protein kinase (CBL/CIPK) complexes-involved in plant responses to K⁺ deficiency are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Ling Hao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Biping Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhonghao Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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31
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Demidchik V, Shabala S, Isayenkov S, Cuin TA, Pottosin I. Calcium transport across plant membranes: mechanisms and functions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:49-69. [PMID: 29916203 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 49 I. Introduction 49 II. Physiological and structural characteristics of plant Ca2+ -permeable ion channels 50 III. Ca2+ extrusion systems 61 IV. Concluding remarks 64 Acknowledgements 64 References 64 SUMMARY: Calcium is an essential structural, metabolic and signalling element. The physiological functions of Ca2+ are enabled by its orchestrated transport across cell membranes, mediated by Ca2+ -permeable ion channels, Ca2+ -ATPases and Ca2+ /H+ exchangers. Bioinformatics analysis has not determined any Ca2+ -selective filters in plant ion channels, but electrophysiological tests do reveal Ca2+ conductances in plant membranes. The biophysical characteristics of plant Ca2+ conductances have been studied in detail and were recently complemented by molecular genetic approaches. Plant Ca2+ conductances are mediated by several families of ion channels, including cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs), ionotropic glutamate receptors, two-pore channel 1 (TPC1), annexins and several types of mechanosensitive channels. Key Ca2+ -mediated reactions (e.g. sensing of temperature, gravity, touch and hormones, and cell elongation and guard cell closure) have now been associated with the activities of specific subunits from these families. Structural studies have demonstrated a unique selectivity filter in TPC1, which is passable for hydrated divalent cations. The hypothesis of a ROS-Ca2+ hub is discussed, linking Ca2+ transport to ROS generation. CNGC inactivation by cytosolic Ca2+ , leading to the termination of Ca2+ signals, is now mechanistically explained. The structure-function relationships of Ca2+ -ATPases and Ca2+ /H+ exchangers, and their regulation and physiological roles are analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Demidchik
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- Department of Plant Cell Biology and Bioengineering, Biological Faculty, Belarusian State University, 4 Independence Avenue, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Professora Popova Street, St Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Stanislav Isayenkov
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 2a Osipovskogo Street, Kyiv, 04123, Ukraine
| | - Tracey A Cuin
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Avenida 25 de julio 965, Colima, 28045, Mexico
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32
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A Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel, HvCNGC2-3, Is Activated by the Co-Presence of Na⁺ and K⁺ and Permeable to Na⁺ and K⁺ Non-Selectively. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7030061. [PMID: 30049942 PMCID: PMC6161278 DOI: 10.3390/plants7030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) have been postulated to contribute significantly in plant development and stress resistance. However, their electrophysiological properties remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized barley CNGC2-3 (HvCNGC2-3) by the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique in the Xenopus laevis oocyte heterologous expression system. Current was not observed in X. laevis oocytes injected with HvCNGC2-3 complementary RNA (cRNA) in a bathing solution containing either Na+ or K+ solely, even in the presence of 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8Br-cAMP) or 8-bromoguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8Br-cGMP). A weakly voltage-dependent slow hyperpolarization-activated ion current was observed in the co-presence of Na+ and K+ in the bathing solution and in the presence of 10 µM 8Br-cAMP, but not 8Br-cGMP. Permeability ratios of HvCNGC2-3 to K+, Na+ and Cl− were determined as 1:0.63:0.03 according to reversal-potential analyses. Amino-acid replacement of the unique ion-selective motif of HvCNGC2-3, AQGL, with the canonical motif, GQGL, resulted in the abolition of the current. This study reports a unique two-ion-dependent activation characteristic of the barley CNGC, HvCNGC2-3.
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33
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Gutermuth T, Herbell S, Lassig R, Brosché M, Romeis T, Feijó JA, Hedrich R, Konrad KR. Tip-localized Ca 2+ -permeable channels control pollen tube growth via kinase-dependent R- and S-type anion channel regulation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1089-1105. [PMID: 29522235 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes (PTs) are characterized by having tip-focused cytosolic calcium ion (Ca2+ ) concentration ([Ca2+ ]cyt ) gradients, which are believed to control PT growth. However, the mechanisms by which the apical [Ca2+ ]cyt orchestrates PT growth are not well understood. Here, we aimed to identify these mechanisms by combining reverse genetics, cell biology, electrophysiology, and live-cell Ca2+ and anion imaging. We triggered Ca2+ -channel activation by applying hyperpolarizing voltage pulses and observed that the evoked [Ca2+ ]cyt increases were paralleled by high anion channel activity and a decrease in the cytosolic anion concentration at the PT tip. We confirmed a functional correlation between these patterns by showing that inhibition of Ca2+ -permeable channels eliminated the [Ca2+ ]cyt increase, resulting in the abrogation of anion channel activity via Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases (CPKs). Functional characterization of CPK and anion-channel mutants revealed a CPK2/20/6-dependent activation of SLAH3 and ALMT12/13/14 anion channels. The impaired growth phenotypes of anion channel and CPK mutants support the physiological significance of a kinase- and Ca2+ -dependent pathway to control PT growth via anion channel activation. Other than unveiling this functional link, our membrane hyperpolarization method allows for unprecedented manipulation of the [Ca2+ ]cyt gradient or oscillations in the PT tips and opens an array of opportunities for channel screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gutermuth
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Herbell
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Roman Lassig
- Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, FU Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12/16, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tina Romeis
- Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, FU Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12/16, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - José Alberto Feijó
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 2136 Bioscience Research Building, College Park, MD, 20742-5815, USA
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kai Robert Konrad
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
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34
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Konrad KR, Maierhofer T, Hedrich R. Spatio-temporal Aspects of Ca2+ Signalling: Lessons from Guard Cells and Pollen Tubes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4986225. [PMID: 29701811 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) serve to transmit information in eukaryotic cells. The involvement of this second messenger in plant cell growth as well as osmotic- and water relations is well established. After almost 40 years of intense research on the coding and decoding of plant Ca2+ signals, numerous proteins involved in Ca2+ action have been identified. However, we are still far from understanding the complexity of Ca2+ networks. New in vivo Ca2+ imaging techniques combined with molecular genetics allow visualisation of spatio-temporal aspects of Ca2+ signalling. In parallel, cell biology together with protein biochemistry and electrophysiology are able to dissect information processing by this second messenger in space and time. Here we focus on the time-resolved changes in cellular events upon Ca2+ signals, concentrating on the two best-studied cell types, pollen tubes and guard cells. We put their signalling networks side by side, compare them with those of other cell types and discuss rapid signalling in the context of Ca2+ transients and oscillations to regulate ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Konrad
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - T Maierhofer
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - R Hedrich
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
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35
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Zhang XR, Xu YP, Cai XZ. SlCNGC1 and SlCNGC14 Suppress Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola-Induced Hypersensitive Response and Non-host Resistance in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:285. [PMID: 29559989 PMCID: PMC5845538 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying plant non-host resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), the pathogen causing rice leaf streak disease, are largely unknown. Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) are calcium-permeable channels that are involved in various biological processes including plant resistance. In this study, functions of two tomato CNGC genes SlCNGC1 and SlCNGC14 in non-host resistance to Xoc were analyzed. Silencing of SlCNGC1 and SlCNGC14 in tomato significantly enhanced Xoc-induced hypersensitive response (HR) and non-host resistance, demonstrating that both SlCNGC1 and SlCNGC14 negatively regulate non-host resistance related HR and non-host resistance to Xoc in tomato. Silencing of SlCNGC1 and SlCNGC14 strikingly increased Xoc-induced callose deposition and strongly promoted both Xoc-induced and flg22-elicited H2O2, indicating that these two SlCNGCs repress callose deposition and ROS accumulation to attenuate non-host resistance and PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Importantly, silencing of SlCNGC1 and SlCNGC14 apparently compromised cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation, implying that SlCNGC1 and SlCNGC14 function as Ca2+ channels and negatively regulate non-host resistance and PTI-related responses through modulating cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation. SlCNGC14 seemed to play a stronger regulatory role in the non-host resistance and PTI compared to SlCNGC1. Our results reveal the contribution of CNGCs and probably also Ca2+ signaling pathway to non-host resistance and PTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Rui Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - You-Ping Xu
- Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Cai
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Zhong Cai,
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36
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Demidchik V, Shabala S. Mechanisms of cytosolic calcium elevation in plants: the role of ion channels, calcium extrusion systems and NADPH oxidase-mediated 'ROS-Ca 2+ Hub'. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:9-27. [PMID: 32291018 DOI: 10.1071/fp16420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Elevation in the cytosolic free calcium is crucial for plant growth, development and adaptation. Calcium influx into plant cells is mediated by Ca2+ depolarisation-activated, hyperpolarisation-activated and voltage-independent Ca2+-permeable channels (DACCs, HACCs and VICCs respectively). These channels are encoded by the following gene families: (1) cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs), (2) ionotropic glutamate receptors (GLRs), (3) annexins, (4) 'mechanosensitive channels of small (MscS) conductance'-like channels (MSLs), (5) 'mid1-complementing activity' channels (MCAs), Piezo channels, and hyperosmolality-induced [Ca2+]cyt. channel 1 (OSCA1). Also, a 'tandem-pore channel1' (TPC1) catalyses Ca2+ efflux from the vacuole in response to the plasma membrane-mediated Ca2+ elevation. Recent experimental data demonstrated that Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. CNGCs 2, 5-10, 14, 16 and 18, GLRs 1.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.6 and 3.7, TPC1, ANNEXIN1, MSL9 and MSL10,MCA1 and MCA2, OSCA1, and some their homologues counterparts in other species, are responsible for Ca2+ currents and/or cytosolic Ca2+ elevation. Extrusion of Ca2+ from the cytosol is mediated by Ca2+-ATPases and Ca2+/H+ exchangers which were recently examined at the level of high resolution crystal structure. Calcium-activated NADPH oxidases and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activated Ca2+ conductances form a self-amplifying 'ROS-Ca2+hub', enhancing and transducing Ca2+ and redox signals. The ROS-Ca2+ hub contributes to physiological reactions controlled by ROS and Ca2+, demonstrating synergism and unity of Ca2+ and ROS signalling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Demidchik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology and Bioengineering, Biological Faculty, Belarusian State University, 4 Independence Avenue, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
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Gu LL, Gao QF, Wang YF. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 18 functions as an essential Ca 2+ channel for pollen germination and pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1197999. [PMID: 27322818 PMCID: PMC5703252 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1197999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We recently revealed that cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 18 (CNGC18) functioned as the main Ca2+ channel in pollen tube tips for pollen tube guidance to ovules by regulating external Ca2+ influx in Arabidopsis. In this study, we found that the reduction of external Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]ext) from 10 mM to 5 mM, and further to 2 mM, led to the decreases of pollen germination percentages, but led to the increases of the percentages of ruptured pollen grains and tubes, and branched pollen tubes in vitro in cngc18-17 compared with wild type. The second point mutant allele cngc18-22 showed similar phenotypes, including reduced pollen germination percentages, increased percentages of ruptured pollen tubes, but did not show obvious different percentages of ruptured pollen grains and branched pollen tubes compared with wild type. These data demonstrate that CNGC18 plays essential roles in pollen germination and tube growth as a Ca2+ channel in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Fei Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CONTACT Yong-Fei Wang National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Tang RJ, Luan S. Regulation of calcium and magnesium homeostasis in plants: from transporters to signaling network. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 39:97-105. [PMID: 28709026 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) are the most abundant divalent cations in plants. As a nutrient and a signaling ion, Ca2+ levels in the cell are tightly controlled by an array of channels and carriers that provide mechanistic basis for Ca2+ homeostasis and the generation of Ca2+ signals. Although a family of CorA-type Mg2+ transporters plays a key role in controlling Mg2+ homeostasis in plants, more components are yet to be identified. Ca2+ and Mg2+ appear to have antagonistic interactions in plant cells, and therefore plants depend on a homeostatic balance between Ca2+ and Mg2+ for optimal growth and development. Maintenance of such a balance in response to changing nutrient status in the soil emerges as a critical feature of plant mineral nutrition. Studies have uncovered signaling mechanisms that perceive nutrient status as a signal and regulate transport activities as adaptive responses. This 'nutrient sensing' network is exemplified by the Ca2+-dependent CBL (calcineurin B-like)-CIPK (CBL-interacting protein kinase) pathway that serves as a major link between environmental nutrient status and transport activities. In this review, we analyze the recent literature on Ca2+ and Mg2+ transport systems and their regulation and provide our perspectives on future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States.
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Xu Y, Yang J, Wang Y, Wang J, Yu Y, Long Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Ren Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Guo X, Wu F, Zhu S, Lin Q, Jiang L, Wu C, Wang H, Wan J. OsCNGC13 promotes seed-setting rate by facilitating pollen tube growth in stylar tissues. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006906. [PMID: 28708858 PMCID: PMC5533464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed-setting rate is a critical determinant of grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rapid and healthy pollen tube growth in the style is required for high seed-setting rate. The molecular mechanisms governing this process remain largely unknown. In this study, we isolate a dominant low seed-setting rate rice mutant, sss1-D. Cellular examination results show that pollen tube growth is blocked in about half of the mutant styles. Molecular cloning and functional assays reveals that SSS1-D encodes OsCNGC13, a member of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel family. OsCNGC13 is preferentially expressed in the pistils and its expression is dramatically reduced in the heterozygous plant, suggesting a haploinsufficiency nature for the dominant mutant phenotype. We show that OsCNGC13 is permeable to Ca2+. Consistent with this, accumulation of cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) is defective in the sss1-D mutant style after pollination. Further, the sss1-D mutant has altered extracellular matrix (ECM) components and delayed cell death in the style transmission tract (STT). Based on these results, we propose that OsCNGC13 acts as a novel maternal sporophytic factor required for stylar [Ca2+]cyt accumulation, ECM components modification and STT cell death, thus facilitating the penetration of pollen tube in the style for successful double fertilization and seed-setting in rice. Rice is not only the staple food for more than half of the world’s population, but also a model species for plant developmental and genetic studies. After pollination, rice pollen grains adhere and hydrate at the surface of stigmatic papilla cells. Then, the germinated pollen tubes invade the stigma and navigate through the style transmission tract to reach the micropyle of the embryo sac for fertilization. During this long and arduous process, pollen tube requires abundant communication with the surrounding sporophytic maternal tissues. However, how the growth of pollen tube is regulated by maternal tissue remains largely elusive. This work identifies a typical cyclic nucleotide-gated channel protein in rice, OsCNGC13, which can mediate Ca2+ inward current. Our results suggest that OsCNGC13 acts as a novel maternal sporophytic factor required for stylar [Ca2+]cyt accumulation, extracellular matrix components modification and style cell death, thus facilitating the penetration of pollen tube in the style for successful double fertilization and seed-setting in rice. These findings provide new insights into the molecular genetic control mechanisms of seed-setting rate/grain yield in rice and expand our knowledge on the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel proteins in plant sexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiachang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqing Wu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanyin Wu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Zheng Y, Liao C, Zhao S, Wang C, Guo Y. The Glycosyltransferase QUA1 Regulates Chloroplast-Associated Calcium Signaling During Salt and Drought Stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:329-341. [PMID: 28007965 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) elevation induced by various signals is responsible for appropriate downstream responses. Through a genetic screen of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in stress-induced [Ca2+]cyt elevation, the glycosyltransferase QUASIMODO1 (QUA1) was identified as a regulator of [Ca2+]cyt in response to salt stress. Compared with the wild type, the qua1-4 mutant exhibited a dramatically greater increase in [Ca2+]cyt under NaCl treatment. Functional analysis showed that QUA1 is a novel chloroplast protein that regulates cytoplasmic Ca2+ signaling. QUA1 was detected in chloroplast thylakoids, and the qua1-4 mutant exhibited irregularly stacked grana. The observed greater increase in [Ca2+]cyt was inhibited upon recovery of chloroplast function in the qua1-4 mutant. Further analysis showed that CAS, a thylakoid-localized calcium sensor, also displayed irregularly stacked grana, and the chloroplasts of the qua1-4 cas-1 double mutant were similar to those of cas-1 plants. In QUA1-overexpressing plants, the protein level of CAS was decreased, and CAS was readily degraded under osmotic stress. When CAS was silenced in the qua1-4 mutant, the large [Ca2+]cyt increase was blocked, and the higher expression of PLC3 and PLC4 was suppressed. Under osmotic stress, the qua1-4 mutant showed an even greater elevation in [Ca2+]cyt and was hypersensitive to drought stress. However, this sensitivity was inhibited when the increase in [Ca2+]cyt was repressed in the qua1-4 mutant. Collectively, our data indicate that QUA1 may function in chloroplast-dependent calcium signaling under salt and drought stresses. Additionally, CAS may function downstream of QUA1 to mediate these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zheng
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, China
| | - Chancan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, China
| | | | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, China
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Jha SK, Sharma M, Pandey GK. Role of Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channels in Stress Management in Plants. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:315-29. [PMID: 27499681 PMCID: PMC4955031 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160331202125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerance of plants to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses such as pathogen and herbivore attack, drought, salinity, cold and nutritional limitations is ensued by complex multimodule signaling pathways. The outcome of this complex signaling pathways results in adaptive responses by restoring the cellular homeostasis and thus promoting survival. Functions of many plant cation transporter and channel protein families such as glutamate receptor homologs (GLRs), cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (CNGC) have been implicated in providing biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Ion homeostasis regulated by several transporters and channels is one of the crucial parameters for the optimal growth, development and survival of all living organisms. The CNGC family members are known to be involved in the uptake of cations such as Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+) and regulate plant growth and development. Detail functional genomics approaches have given an emerging picture of CNGCs wherein these protein are believed to play crucial role in pathways related to cellular ion homeostasis, development and as a 'guard' in defense against biotic and abiotic challenges. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of role of CNGCs in mediating stress management and how they aid plants in survival under adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K. Jha
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Girdhar K. Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi-110021, India
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Nieves-Cordones M, Al Shiblawi FR, Sentenac H. Roles and Transport of Sodium and Potassium in Plants. Met Ions Life Sci 2016; 16:291-324. [PMID: 26860305 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21756-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The two alkali cations Na(+) and K(+) have similar relative abundances in the earth crust but display very different distributions in the biosphere. In all living organisms, K(+) is the major inorganic cation in the cytoplasm, where its concentration (ca. 0.1 M) is usually several times higher than that of Na(+). Accumulation of Na(+) at high concentrations in the cytoplasm results in deleterious effects on cell metabolism, e.g., on photosynthetic activity in plants. Thus, Na(+) is compartmentalized outside the cytoplasm. In plants, it can be accumulated at high concentrations in vacuoles, where it is used as osmoticum. Na(+) is not an essential element in most plants, except in some halophytes. On the other hand, it can be a beneficial element, by replacing K(+) as vacuolar osmoticum for instance. In contrast, K(+) is an essential element. It is involved in electrical neutralization of inorganic and organic anions and macromolecules, pH homeostasis, control of membrane electrical potential, and the regulation of cell osmotic pressure. Through the latter function in plants, it plays a role in turgor-driven cell and organ movements. It is also involved in the activation of enzymes, protein synthesis, cell metabolism, and photosynthesis. Thus, plant growth requires large quantities of K(+) ions that are taken up by roots from the soil solution, and then distributed throughout the plant. The availability of K(+) ions in the soil solution, slowly released by soil particles and clays, is often limiting for optimal growth in most natural ecosystems. In contrast, due to natural salinity or irrigation with poor quality water, detrimental Na(+) concentrations, toxic for all crop species, are present in many soils, representing 6 % to 10 % of the earth's land area. Three families of ion channels (Shaker, TPK/KCO, and TPC) and 3 families of transporters (HAK, HKT, and CPA) have been identified so far as contributing to K(+) and Na(+) transport across the plasmalemma and internal membranes, with high or low ionic selectivity. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, these families gather at least 70 members. Coordination of the activities of these systems, at the cell and whole plant levels, ensures plant K(+) nutrition, use of Na(+) as a beneficial element, and adaptation to saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Physiology, UMR BPMP CNRS/INRA/MontpellierSupAgro, University of Montpellier, INRA, Place Viala, F-34060, Montpellier cedex 1, France
| | - Fouad Razzaq Al Shiblawi
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Physiology, UMR BPMP CNRS/INRA/MontpellierSupAgro, University of Montpellier, INRA, Place Viala, F-34060, Montpellier cedex 1, France
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Physiology, UMR BPMP CNRS/INRA/MontpellierSupAgro, University of Montpellier, INRA, Place Viala, F-34060, Montpellier cedex 1, France.
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Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 18 is an essential Ca2+ channel in pollen tube tips for pollen tube guidance to ovules in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3096-101. [PMID: 26929345 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524629113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollen tubes are guided into ovules by multiple attractants from female gametophytes to release paired sperm cells for double fertilization. It has been well-established that Ca(2+) gradients in the pollen tube tips are essential for pollen tube guidance and that plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels in pollen tube tips are core components that regulate Ca(2+) gradients by mediating and regulating external Ca(2+) influx. Therefore, Ca(2+) channels are the core components for pollen tube guidance. However, there is still no genetic evidence for the identification of the putative Ca(2+) channels essential for pollen tube guidance. Here, we report that the point mutations R491Q or R578K in cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 18 (CNGC18) resulted in abnormal Ca(2+) gradients and strong pollen tube guidance defects by impairing the activation of CNGC18 in Arabidopsis. The pollen tube guidance defects of cngc18-17 (R491Q) and of the transfer DNA (T-DNA) insertion mutant cngc18-1 (+/-) were completely rescued by CNGC18. Furthermore, domain-swapping experiments showed that CNGC18's transmembrane domains are indispensable for pollen tube guidance. Additionally, we found that, among eight Ca(2+) channels (including six CNGCs and two glutamate receptor-like channels), CNGC18 was the only one essential for pollen tube guidance. Thus, CNGC18 is the long-sought essential Ca(2+) channel for pollen tube guidance in Arabidopsis.
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Nieves-Cordones M, Martínez V, Benito B, Rubio F. Comparison between Arabidopsis and Rice for Main Pathways of K(+) and Na(+) Uptake by Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:992. [PMID: 27458473 PMCID: PMC4932104 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
K(+) is an essential macronutrient for plants. It is acquired by specific uptake systems located in roots. Although the concentrations of K(+) in the soil solution are widely variable, K(+) nutrition is secured by uptake systems that exhibit different affinities for K(+). Two main systems have been described for root K(+) uptake in several species: the high-affinity HAK5-like transporter and the inward-rectifier AKT1-like channel. Other unidentified systems may be also involved in root K(+) uptake, although they only seem to operate when K(+) is not limiting. The use of knock-out lines has allowed demonstrating their role in root K(+) uptake in Arabidopsis and rice. Plant adaptation to the different K(+) supplies relies on the finely tuned regulation of these systems. Low K(+)-induced transcriptional up-regulation of the genes encoding HAK5-like transporters occurs through a signal cascade that includes changes in the membrane potential of root cells and increases in ethylene and reactive oxygen species concentrations. Activation of AKT1 channels occurs through phosphorylation by the CIPK23/CBL1 complex. Recently, activation of the Arabidopsis HAK5 by the same complex has been reported, pointing to CIPK23/CBL as a central regulator of the plant's adaptation to low K(+). Na(+) is not an essential plant nutrient but it may be beneficial for some plants. At low concentrations, Na(+) improves growth, especially under K(+) deficiency. Thus, high-affinity Na(+) uptake systems have been described that belong to the HKT and HAK families of transporters. At high concentrations, typical of saline environments, Na(+) accumulates in plant tissues at high concentrations, producing alterations that include toxicity, water deficit and K(+) deficiency. Data concerning pathways for Na(+) uptake into roots under saline conditions are still scarce, although several possibilities have been proposed. The apoplast is a significant pathway for Na(+) uptake in rice grown under salinity conditions, but in other plant species different mechanisms involving non-selective cation channels or transporters are under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier 2Montpellier, France
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco Rubio,
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Saand MA, Xu YP, Munyampundu JP, Li W, Zhang XR, Cai XZ. Phylogeny and evolution of plant cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (CNGC) gene family and functional analyses of tomato CNGCs. DNA Res 2015; 22:471-83. [PMID: 26546226 PMCID: PMC4675716 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsv029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) are calcium-permeable channels that are involved in various biological functions. Nevertheless, phylogeny and function of plant CNGCs are not well understood. In this study, 333 CNGC genes from 15 plant species were identified using comprehensive bioinformatics approaches. Extensive bioinformatics analyses demonstrated that CNGCs of Group IVa were distinct to those of other groups in gene structure and amino acid sequence of cyclic nucleotide-binding domain. A CNGC-specific motif that recognizes all identified plant CNGCs was generated. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CNGC proteins of flowering plant species formed five groups. However, CNGCs of the non-vascular plant Physcomitrella patens clustered only in two groups (IVa and IVb), while those of the vascular non-flowering plant Selaginella moellendorffii gathered in four (IVa, IVb, I and II). These data suggest that Group IV CNGCs are most ancient and Group III CNGCs are most recently evolved in flowering plants. Furthermore, silencing analyses revealed that a set of CNGC genes might be involved in disease resistance and abiotic stress responses in tomato and function of SlCNGCs does not correlate with the group that they are belonging to. Our results indicate that Group IVa CNGCs are structurally but not functionally unique among plant CNGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Ali Saand
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - You-Ping Xu
- Centre of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jean-Pierre Munyampundu
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuan-Rui Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Cai
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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The Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel CNGC14 Regulates Root Gravitropism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr Biol 2015; 25:3119-25. [PMID: 26752079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In plant roots, auxin inhibits cell expansion, and an increase in cellular auxin levels on the lower flanks of gravistimulated roots suppresses growth and thereby causes downward bending. These fundamental features of root growth responses to auxin were first described over 80 years ago, but our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms has remained scant. Here, we report that CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNEL 14 (CNGC14) is essential for the earliest phase of auxin-induced ion signaling and growth inhibition in Arabidopsis roots. Using a fluorescence-imaging-based genetic screen, we found that cngc14 mutants exhibit a complete loss of rapid Ca(2+) and pH signaling in response to auxin treatment. Similarly impaired ion signaling was observed upon gravistimulation. We further developed a kinematic analysis approach to study dynamic root growth responses to auxin at high spatiotemporal resolution. These analyses revealed that auxin-induced growth inhibition and gravitropic bending are significantly delayed in cngc14 compared to wild-type roots, where auxin suppresses cell expansion within 1 min of treatment. Finally, we demonstrate that auxin-induced cytosolic Ca(2+) changes are required for rapid growth inhibition. Our results support a direct role for CNGC14-dependent Ca(2+) signaling in regulating the early posttranscriptional phase of auxin growth responses in Arabidopsis roots.
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Saand MA, Xu YP, Li W, Wang JP, Cai XZ. Cyclic nucleotide gated channel gene family in tomato: genome-wide identification and functional analyses in disease resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:303. [PMID: 25999969 PMCID: PMC4419669 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotide gated channel (CNGC) is suggested to be one of the important calcium conducting channels. Nevertheless, genome-wide identification and systemic functional analysis of CNGC gene family in crop plant species have not yet been conducted. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification of CNGC gene family in the economically important crop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and analyzed function of the group IVb SlCNGC genes in disease resistance. Eighteen CNGC genes were identified in tomato genome, and four CNGC loci that were misannotated at database were corrected by cloning and sequencing. Detailed bioinformatics analyses on gene structure, domain composition and phylogenetic relationship of the SlCNGC gene family were conducted and the group-specific feature was revealed. Comprehensive expression analyses demonstrated that SlCNGC genes were highly, widely but differently responsive to diverse stimuli. Pharmacological assays showed that the putative CNGC activators cGMP and cAMP enhanced resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Silencing of group IVb SlCNGC genes significantly enhanced resistance to fungal pathogens Pythium aphanidermatum and S. sclerotiorum, strongly reduced resistance to viral pathogen Tobacco rattle virus, while attenuated PAMP- and DAMP-triggered immunity as shown by obvious decrease of the flg22- and AtPep1-elicited hydrogen peroxide accumulation in SlCNGC-silenced plants. Additionally, silencing of these SlCNGC genes significantly altered expression of a set of Ca(2+) signaling genes including SlCaMs, SlCDPKs, and SlCAMTA3. Collectively, our results reveal that group IV SlCNGC genes regulate a wide range of resistance in tomato probably by affecting Ca(2+) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz A. Saand
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - You-Ping Xu
- Centre of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Peng Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Cai
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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Fortuna A, Lee J, Ung H, Chin K, Moeder W, Yoshioka K. Crossroads of stress responses, development and flowering regulation--the multiple roles of Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Ion Channel 2. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e989758. [PMID: 25719935 PMCID: PMC4622972 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.989758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis autoimmune mutant, defense-no death 1 (dnd1) is a null mutant of CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED ION CHANNEL2 (AtCNGC2). dnd1 exhibits constitutive pathogen resistance responses including higher levels of endogenous salicylic acid (SA), which is an important signaling molecule for pathogen defense responses. Recently we have reported that dnd1 exhibits a significantly delayed flowering phenotype, indicating the involvement of AtCNGC2 in flowering transition. However, since SA has been known to influence flowering timing as a positive regulator, the delayed flowering phenotype in dnd1 was unexpected. In this study, we have asked whether SA is involved in the dnd1-mediated delayed flowering phenotype. In addition, in order to gain insight into the involvement of SA and CNGCs in flowering transition, we analyzed the flowering transition of cpr22, another CNGC mutant with a similar autoimmune phenotype as dnd1 (including high SA accumulation), and null mutants of several other CNGCs. Our data suggest that dnd1 does not require SA or SA signaling for its delayed flowering phenotype, while SA was responsible for the early flowering phenotype of cpr22. None of the other CNGC mutants besides AtCNGC4 (1) displayed an alteration in flowering transition. This indicates that AtCNGC2 and AtCNGC4 have a unique role controlling flowering timing and this function is independent from its role in pathogen defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fortuna
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto, Canada
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto, Canada
| | - Huoi Ung
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto, Canada
| | - Kimberley Chin
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto, Canada
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto, Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF); University of Toronto; Toronto, Canada
- Correspondence to: Keiko Yoshioka;
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Steinhorst L, Kudla J. Signaling in cells and organisms - calcium holds the line. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 22:14-21. [PMID: 25195171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has established calcium (Ca(2+)) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as important cellular second messengers in eukaryotes. Recently, the occurrence of cell-to-cell moving Ca(2+) and ROS waves was reported in plants. This was paralleled by the discovery of long-distance wound-activated surface potential changes (WASPs) that require the function of putatively Ca(2+)-releasing glutamate receptor-like channels (GLRs) in Arabidopsis. Although the functional interconnection of Ca(2+)-dependent phosphorylation and ROS waves via NADPH oxidase activation has been clearly established, potential further interconnections between these long-distance signaling processes are less clear. In this review we cover emerging concepts and existing open questions that interconnect cellular and global signaling via Ca(2+), ROS and WASPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Steinhorst
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 4, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 4, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Edel KH, Kudla J. Increasing complexity and versatility: how the calcium signaling toolkit was shaped during plant land colonization. Cell Calcium 2014; 57:231-46. [PMID: 25477139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium serves as a versatile messenger in adaptation reactions and developmental processes in plants and animals. Eukaryotic cells generate cytosolic Ca(2+) signals via Ca(2+) conducting channels. Ca(2+) signals are represented in form of stimulus-specific spatially and temporally defined Ca(2+) signatures. These Ca(2+) signatures are detected, decoded and transmitted to downstream responses by an elaborate toolkit of Ca(2+) binding proteins that function as Ca(2+) sensors. In this article, we examine the distribution and evolution of Ca(2+)-conducting channels and Ca(2+) decoding proteins in the plant lineage. To this end, we have in addition to previously studied genomes of plant species, identified and analyzed the Ca(2+)-signaling components from species that hold key evolutionary positions like the filamentous terrestrial algae Klebsormidium flaccidum and Amborella trichopoda, the single living representative of the sister lineage to all other extant flowering plants. Plants and animals exhibit substantial differences in their complements of Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+) binding proteins. Within the plant lineage, remarkable differences in the evolution of complexity between different families of Ca(2+) signaling proteins are observable. Using the CBL/CIPK Ca(2+) sensor/kinase signaling network as model, we attempt to link evolutionary tendencies to functional predictions. Our analyses, for example, suggest Ca(2+) dependent regulation of Na(+) homeostasis as an evolutionary most ancient function of this signaling network. Overall, gene families of Ca(2+) signaling proteins have significantly increased in their size during plant evolution reaching an extraordinary complexity in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai H Edel
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 4, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 4, 48149 Münster, Germany; College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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