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Bizier A, Smit T, Thai JM, Businelle MS, Obasi EM, Gallagher MW, Zvolensky MJ, Garey L. The Indirect Effects of Negative Affect Reduction Motives on the Relationship Between Sex and Severity of Problems When Trying to Quit Among Black Adults Who Smoke. Subst Use Misuse 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39327694 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2409714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American/Black (hereafter referred to as Black) persons who smoke constitute a tobacco disparities group in the United States. Within the Black population, female smokers experience a disproportionate percentage of these disparities and are less likely to quit cigarettes than their male counterparts. Two factors implicated in female smokers' relatively worse quit success are (1) motives to smoke to reduce negative affect and (2) expectancies that smoking will reduce negative affect. OBJECTIVES The present study sought to test sex differences in these two clinically relevant cognitive constructs and evaluate the indirect effects of sex and severity of problems when trying to quit via smoking motives and expectancies for negative affect reduction among Black adults who smoke. Participants included 103 Black adults who smoke daily (72% male; Mage = 44.5 years, SD = 11.5 years). RESULTS Results revealed sex differences in both negative affect reduction motives and expectancies, as well as a partial indirect effect for sex on the severity of problems when trying to quit through negative affect reduction motives (a1b1 = 0.18, 95% CI [0.04, 0.38]) but not negative affect reduction expectancies (a2b2 = -0.01, 95% CI [-0.11, 0.09]) in a simultaneous model of indirect effects. CONCLUSIONS These findings shed light on the complex relationship between race, sex, and severity of problems when trying to quit, particularly when complicated by smoking motives and expectancies. Current data should be considered when developing sex-specific, tailored smoking cessation interventions for Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Bizier
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tanya Smit
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica M Thai
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael S Businelle
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ezemenari M Obasi
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Psychological, Health, & Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Klaiman T, Farrell N, Sheu D, Belk A, Silvestri J, Kim J, Coffman R, Hart J. Use of tobacco during COVID-19: A qualitative study among medically underserved individuals. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308966. [PMID: 39159172 PMCID: PMC11332913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic produced stress for people around the world. The perception that tobacco can be a coping tool for stress relief suggests that the conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic can provide insight into the relationship between stress and tobacco use patterns, particularly among those most at risk for severe COVID-19 disease. The goal was to identify the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on tobacco use and preparedness for smoking cessation among individuals who smoke and are older and medically underserved. We conducted in-depth interviews with 39 patients to learn about individuals' smoking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used a modified grounded theory approach to code and analyze all qualitative data. We conducted thematic analysis to identify key factors associated with smoking behaviors during COVID-19. Our results indicated that increases in perceived stress and social isolation may have been associated with increased tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pandemic-related social isolation contributed to increases in smoking, despite respondents being concerned about the severity of COVID-19. While many respondents felt that smoking relieved their stress from the pandemic, they appeared unaware of the stress-inducing properties of tobacco use. Our findings indicate that pandemic-related stress impacted smoking behavior among older, medically underserved smokers. Results may assist clinicians in addressing the role of tobacco use in response to highly stressful events. Smoking cessation strategies should consider the implications of stress on smoking behavior, including smoking relapse in response to highly stressful events-particularly for medically underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Klaiman
- Palliative and Advanced Illness Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Nsenga Farrell
- Palliative and Advanced Illness Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Dorothy Sheu
- Palliative and Advanced Illness Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Aerielle Belk
- Palliative and Advanced Illness Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jasmine Silvestri
- Palliative and Advanced Illness Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jannie Kim
- CHDI Foundation, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ryan Coffman
- Tobacco Policy and Control Program, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Joanna Hart
- Palliative and Advanced Illness Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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Ruiz RA, Lehavot K, Heffner JL, Kava CM, Ornelas IJ. Cigarette Smoking Motives and Stages of Change in Smoking Cessation Among Veterans: Differences by Gender and Sexual Orientation. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:339-348. [PMID: 37643248 PMCID: PMC10902186 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231197147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine differences across gender and sexual orientation in cigarette smoking motives and stages of change in smoking cessation among Veterans. DESIGN Secondary data analysis of cross-sectional baseline surveys from a prospective cohort study. SETTING United States, self-administered online survey. PARTICIPANTS Cisgender Veterans who reported past-year smoking (N = 146); 66.4% identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual and 52.1% were men. MEASURES Smoking motives (i.e., social, self-confidence, boredom relief, and affect regulation), with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to smoke. Stages of change categories included precontemplation, contemplation/preparation, and action/maintenance. ANALYSIS Analyses were stratified by gender and sexual orientation. Age-adjusted linear regression models estimated differences in smoking motives scores and multinomial logistic regression models estimated differences in stages of change categories relative to the precontemplation stage (reference category). RESULTS In this Veteran sample, gay men reported higher social smoking motives vs heterosexual men (β = 1.50 (95% CI: .04, 2.97), P-value = .045) and higher boredom relief smoking motives vs bisexual men (β = 1.53 (95% CI: .06, 2.29), P-value = .041) in age-adjusted models. Lesbian women were more likely to be in the action/maintenance stage relative to the precontemplation stage when compared to both heterosexual women (aRRR = 4.88 (95% CI: 1.00, 23.79) P-value = .050) and bisexual women (aRRR = 16.46 (95% CI: 2.12, 127.57), P-value = .007) after adjusting for age. CONCLUSION Smoking cessation interventions may benefit from enhancing peer support for gay men. Given bisexual and heterosexual women were in less advance stages of change, there may be a greater need for motivational interventions to encourage quitting and additional support to assist with cessation efforts. Overall, findings highlight the diversity of cigarette use within LGB communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A. Ruiz
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Keren Lehavot
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jaimee L. Heffner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine M. Kava
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - India J. Ornelas
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Weng X, Ma EC, Song CY, Lee JJ, Tong HSC, Lai VWY, Lam TH, Wang MP. Experiences of quitting smoking in prisons: A qualitative study of people in custody. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-43. [PMID: 38375095 PMCID: PMC10875655 DOI: 10.18332/tid/183604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking prevalence among people in custody (PIC) is extremely high, and prison-based smoking cessation interventions are needed. The study explored the quitting experiences of PIC who participated in the 'Quit to Win' contest (QTW). METHODS This qualitative study, conducted from 2019 to 2021 in two Hong Kong prisons, included semi-structured individual interviews with 26 PIC (13 men and 13 women) who were participants in QTW and two correctional staff who coordinated QTW. A semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions was developed to examine multilevel factors that promote or impede smoking cessation in prisons. Maximum variation sampling was used to ensure a diverse range of social, demographic, and smoking profiles. Data were managed and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Two themes were identified from the data: 1) quitting in prison: barriers and facilitators; and 2) QTW in prison: a trigger for behavior change. Barriers (i.e. stress, boredom, isolation, lack of self-autonomy, nicotine dependence and lack of cessation medication, barriers to moving to a different wing) and facilitators (i.e. concerns about health, money savings, and the smoke-free wing) that impeded or supported smoking cessation during incarceration were identified. QTW provided health education, quitting incentives, and social support that helped PIC overcome the barriers of quitting by serving as a trigger for behavior change. Notably, social visits with family were identified as key drivers of PIC's quitting success, whereas their suspension during the COVID-19 pandemic disincentivized their abstinence. CONCLUSIONS This study introduced the QTW contest to prisons and provided qualitative evidence on the multilevel factors promoting or impeding smoking cessation in prison. QTW helped PIC overcome the barriers of quitting by serving as a trigger for behavior change. Future prison-based interventions should leverage social support, enhance stress-coping skills, facilitate access to pharmacotherapy, and collaborate with correctional services agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Weng
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Emily Ching Ma
- School of Public Health, Brown University, United States
| | - Chu Yu Song
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jung Jae Lee
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Ping Wang
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wang S, Nandy RR, Rossheim ME. Associations between e-cigarette use and sleep health among adults in the United States, NHANES 2015-2018. Sleep Med 2024; 114:220-228. [PMID: 38232605 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between e-cigarette use or dual (e-cigarette and combustible cigarette) use and short sleep duration and trouble sleeping among U.S. adults. METHODS We used 2015-2018 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (n = 11,659). E-cigarette use and dual use were categorized as current, former, and never use. Short sleep duration was defined as sleep duration ≤6 h. Trouble sleeping was self-reported. Weighted logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Among those with current e-cigarette use, 53.9 % were with current dual use and 23.8 % were with former dual use. Compared to never e-cigarette use, current e-cigarette use was associated with significantly higher odds of trouble sleeping (OR = 2.16, 95 % CI: 1.49-3.13), adjusting for potential confounders. Significant associations were also observed for former e-cigarette use versus never use with trouble sleeping (OR = 1.54, 95 % CI: 1.15-2.07) after full adjustment. Current cigarette use was associated with both short sleep duration (OR = 1.65, 95 % CI: 1.28-2.14) and trouble sleeping (OR = 1.36, 95 % CI: 1.03-1.79) after full adjustment. Additionally, the fully adjusted ORs for short sleep duration and trouble sleeping were 1.64 (95 % CI: 1.06-2.54) and 2.14 (95 % CI: 1.34-3.42) among those with current dual use, and 1.46 (95 % CI: 1.17-1.81) and 2.11 (95 % CI: 1.66-2.67) among those with former dual use, compared to those without dual use. CONCLUSIONS Current cigarette use or dual use is associated with significantly higher odds of short sleep duration and trouble sleeping. Moreover, former e-cigarette use or dual use is associated with increased odds of trouble sleeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Population & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
| | - Rajesh R Nandy
- Department of Population & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Matthew E Rossheim
- Department of Health Administration & Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Steinberg ML, Rosen RL, Ganz O, Wackowski OA, Jeong M, Delnevo CD. Communicating the benefits of quitting smoking on mental health increases motivation to quit in people with anxiety and/or depression. Addict Behav 2024; 149:107903. [PMID: 37924583 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although smoking rates have declined over time, this decline has not been observed among those with mental health concerns. It is therefore important to develop effective messaging to support quitting in this population. METHODS We conducted an online experiment with 419 adults who smoke cigarettes daily. Participants with, or without a lifetime history of anxiety and/or depression were randomized to view a message focused on the benefits of quitting smoking on mental or physical health. Participants then reported motivation to quit smoking, mental health concerns about quitting, and perceived effectiveness of the message. RESULTS Participants with a lifetime history of anxiety and/or depression who saw the message focused on the benefits of quitting smoking on mental health reported greater motivation to quit than when they saw a message focused on the benefits to physical health. This was not replicated when examining current symptoms instead of lifetime history. Pre-existing beliefs that smoking improves one's mood were greater in those experiencing current symptoms and in those with a lifetime history of anxiety and/or depression. There was no main or interaction (message type X mental health status) effect of message type received on mental health related concerns about quitting. CONCLUSIONS This study is one of the first to evaluate a smoking cessation message with content specifically targeted to those with mental health concerns about quitting smoking. Additional work is needed to determine how to best target those with mental health concerns with messages focused on the benefits of quitting on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc L Steinberg
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA; Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, USA.
| | - Rachel L Rosen
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, USA
| | - Ollie Ganz
- Rutgers School of Public Health, USA; Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, USA
| | - Olivia A Wackowski
- Rutgers School of Public Health, USA; Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, USA
| | - Michelle Jeong
- Rutgers School of Public Health, USA; Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, USA
| | - Cristine D Delnevo
- Rutgers School of Public Health, USA; Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, USA
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Hameed A, Malik D. Clinical study protocol on electronic cigarettes and nicotine pouches for smoking cessation in Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:9. [PMID: 38167206 PMCID: PMC10759381 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pakistan is one of most vulnerable low- and middle-income countries with 29 million adult active tobacco users. Smoking cessation services are lacking as the tobacco control initiatives have largely failed to address the smoking endemic. Over the last 5 years, Pakistan has witnessed the use of innovative tobacco harm reduction (THR) products such as e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches. However, their use remains limited. THR products are imported legally as consumer goods and are taxable. The lack of sufficient data for THR and its application is a challenge in gauging their effectiveness in assisting smokers quit combustible smoking. Evidence-based studies can help in measuring the effectiveness of e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches as smoking cessation aids. METHOD Keeping in view the study objectives, a sample size of 600 participants will be sufficient to assess the effectiveness of e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches for smoking cessation in Pakistan. Of these, 200 participants each will receive e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches along with basic care counselling, while the remaining 200 participants will only receive basic care counselling for 48 weeks. The association of participants' characteristics with smoking and health status will be based on the bivariate and multivariate analysis. The simple t-test and variance analysis will assess the differences in intervention indicators between the control and treatment groups. For the inferential analysis, the average treatment impact will be based on the quasi-experimental techniques such as difference in difference (DID) or propensity score matching (PMS). DISCUSSION The study will evaluate the participants at the baseline as they decide the quit date. After every 12 weeks, a follow-up survey with the participants will be conducted. Results are anticipated to inform the public, decision-makers, and researchers about the effects of using e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches in the short- and medium-term periods. Critically, the potential of e-cigarettes and other alternative nicotine delivery systems as smoking cessation aid will be assessed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05715164 . Registered on February 6, 2023. PROTOCOL VERSION Protocol version 1.0, 14-12-2022 Trial in progress and not yet recruiting participants. Estimated primary data collection date-April 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- Department of Research, Alternative Research Initiative, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Daud Malik
- Department of Research, Alternative Research Initiative, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Benyamini Raischer H, Garmi G, Malchi D, Nachshon AA, Inbar S, Romano S, Salim R. Impact of COVID-19 mandatory lockdown on maternal gestational weight gain and neonatal macrosomia rate at an academic medical center in Israel. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2204391. [PMID: 37127549 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2204391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an effort to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), governments restricted outdoor activities and imposed lockdown quarantine. This change in lifestyle probably affected individuals' eating habits and physical activity. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal antenatal weight gain, neonatal macrosomia, and other maternal and neonatal outcomes of women delivering at an academic medical center in Israel. METHOD A retrospective, two-period cohort study conducted at a university teaching medical center in Afula, Israel. The study period was between April and September 2020. This period signifies worsening in pandemic situations, during which citizens experienced strict prolonged lockdown measures. The parallel unexposed period (control period) was between April and September 2019. Singleton pregnancies delivered at >24 weeks were eligible. Primary outcome was incidence of macrosomia. Secondary outcomes included gestational weight gain, body mass index (BMI) at delivery, rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), mode of delivery, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), and neonatal outcomes reflecting neonatal birth weight and condition at delivery. RESULTS A total of 4,765 women were included, 2,442 in the study group and 2,323 in the control group. The incidence of macrosomia was significantly higher in 2020 (6.2%) than in 2019 (4.9%), (p = .048; OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.002- 1.65). Women gained significantly more weight (median 1 kg more), weighed more at delivery (median 1 kg), and had higher BMI at delivery in 2020 compared with those in 2019 (p < .01). The incidence of GDM was 9.5% and 8.5% in the study and control groups respectively (p = .26; OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.92-1.37). Greater percentage of women did not perform the glucose challenge test in 2020 (9.9%) compared with those in 2019 (7.5%) (p = .003, OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.11-1.67). The incidence of any hypertension related to pregnancy was significantly higher in 2020 compared to 2019 (5.8% vs 4.4% respectively, (p = .042; OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.02-1.71). The proportion of women who smoked during pregnancy was also significantly higher in 2020 than in 2019 (5.1% vs 3.7%, respectively, p = .02; OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.06-1.86). Delivery mode did not differ, while the incidence of PPH was significantly higher in 2020 than in 2019 (5.6% vs 3.4%, respectively, p = .001; OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.25-2.19). Neonatal condition at delivery was comparable. CONCLUSION COVID-19-related lockdown was associated with the increased rate of macrosomic infants. This indirect effect of the pandemic is probably related to poorer maternal antenatal metabolic health status. Long-term consequences should be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gali Garmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Malchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - Shiri Inbar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Shabtai Romano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Raed Salim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Farris SG, Smith JE, Steinberg DR, Altman BR, Lambert-Messerlian GM, Dunsiger SI, Williams DM, Saladin ME, Abrantes AM. Methodological approach for an integrated female-specific study of anxiety and smoking comorbidity. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1267753. [PMID: 38076702 PMCID: PMC10704195 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1267753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Two primary ovarian hormones that fluctuate across the female menstrual cycle-estradiol and progesterone-have been independently linked in separate literatures to nicotine reinforcement and anxiety psychopathology. We identify existing methodological limitations in these literatures, describe an example protocol that was developed to address such limitations, highlight case examples, and offer insights on the resulting advantages and challenges. This protocol was an observational, prospective, within-subjects study of female cigarette smokers who were followed over the course of a complete menstrual cycle. Non-treatment seeking, female cigarette smokers (N = 50), between the ages of 18-40 who have a normal menstrual cycle (25-35 days in length) were recruited from the community. Females with anxiety or mood psychopathology represented 38.0% of the sample. Salivary progesterone and estradiol were assessed each morning via at-home saliva collection methods. Self-reported within-day momentary ratings of anxiety and nicotine reinforcement were collected using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) via a mobile app. Protocol compliance was >85%. Within- and between-subjects heterogeneity was observed in the progesterone and estradiol, anxiety, and nicotine craving measures, especially in the context of anxiety psychopathology. We aimed to integrate the anxiety and nicotine dependence literatures and advance the empirical study of the role of ovarian hormones. This protocol reflects an intensive, yet feasible approach to collecting daily-level naturalistic data related to estradiol, progesterone, anxiety, and nicotine reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha G. Farris
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Jacqueline E. Smith
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Dana R. Steinberg
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Brianna R. Altman
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Geralyn M. Lambert-Messerlian
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shira I. Dunsiger
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - David M. Williams
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Michael E. Saladin
- Department of Health Science and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Ana M. Abrantes
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research Unit, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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Yan K, Feng Y, Liu Z, Shi W, Jiang Y, Liu J. Impulsivity Drives Adolescents to Smoke and Drink: Gender Differences in the Mediating Effects of Resilience and Depression. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231216894. [PMID: 37982432 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231216894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
High and rising rates of smoking and drinking among Chinese adolescents are contributing to increasingly serious physical and mental health issues. While impulsivity has been demonstrated to be significantly related to adolescent cigarette and alcohol use, little is known about the mechanisms behind this association. The current study focused on resilience and depressive symptoms as potential mediators of this link, exploring the indirect pathways connecting impulsivity to teenage tobacco and alcohol use. Possible gender differences in this indirect pathway were also explored. Participants were secondary school students from southern China (N = 3466; 49.2% were female; Mage = 14.18; SDage = 1.57). Results revealed that adolescents who were more impulsive used cigarettes and alcohol more frequently, and that this effect was partially mediated by lower resilience and more depressive symptoms. It is noteworthy that there were gender differences in this mediating effect, with the effect of impulsivity on cigarette use for girls being mediated by resilience and depressive symptoms, whereas this statistically significant association was not identified for boys. These findings show how adolescents' impulsivity drives them to smoke and drink, and also emphasize gender as a crucial consideration for intervening with adolescents' drinking and smoking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yan
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghui Feng
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyao Liu
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yubin Jiang
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Hashim MAB, Ismail IHB, Md Sabri BAB. "We're tough, but so is quitting." Barriers to Smoking Cessation: The Royal Malaysian Navy Perspective. Mil Med 2023; 188:e3386-e3392. [PMID: 37525946 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco kills half of its users. Despite this, there are over 1.1 billion smokers worldwide. Its harmful effects impair performance and readiness. Unfortunately, smoking has deeply ingrained in the military culture, as evidenced by the high prevalence. Hence, this study aims to identify the barriers to smoking cessation among this population. METHODS A study involving two groups of current smokers (commissioned officers and non-commissioned officers) was conducted using the modified nominal group technique (mNGT), a qualitative research method of judgmental decision-making involving four phases: Generating ideas, recording, evaluation, and prioritization. The mNGT was used to solicit respondents' barriers to smoking cessation. RESULTS The mNGT yielded seven main barriers to smoking cessation: (1) Addiction, (2) difficulty in staying focused without the usage of cigarettes, (3) smoking has been incorporated into an individual's lifestyle, (4) environmental influence, (5) coping mechanism, (6) the long-interval period between orders and duties exacerbates the desire to smoke, and (7) smoking has evolved into a permanent habit. Although nicotine addiction and habit were ranked as the most important barriers, the military working environment and nature of the job exposed them physically and mentally to unfavorable situations, complicating the quitting attempt. Furthermore, the acceptance of smoking in military culture leads to a positive smoker identity, further hindering cessation. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that in addition to barriers affecting the general population, military-specific barriers related to the nature of the job exist, complicating cessation. Hence, any intervention program should address these barriers to achieve positive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Arham Bin Hashim
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47000, Malaysia
- The Malaysian Armed Forces, Malaysia
| | - Ikmal Hisham Bin Ismail
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47000, Malaysia
| | - Budi Aslinie Binti Md Sabri
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47000, Malaysia
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12
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Jackson SE, Brown J, Shahab L, McNeill A, Munafò MR, Brose L. Trends in Psychological Distress Among Adults in England, 2020-2022. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2321959. [PMID: 37410462 PMCID: PMC10326642 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance In the last 3 years, people in England have lived through a pandemic and cost-of-living and health care crises, all of which may have contributed to worsening mental health in the population. Objective To estimate trends in psychological distress among adults over this period and to examine differences by key potential moderators. Design, Setting, and Participants A monthly cross-sectional, nationally representative household survey of adults aged 18 years or older was conducted in England between April 2020 and December 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Past-month distress was assessed with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Time trends in any distress (moderate to severe, scores ≥5) and severe distress (scores ≥13) were modeled, and interactions with age, gender, occupational social grade, children in the household, smoking status, and drinking risk status were tested. Results Data were collected from 51 861 adults (weighted mean [SD] age, 48.6 [18.5] years; 26 609 women [51.3%]). There was little overall change in the proportion of respondents reporting any distress (from 34.5% to 32.0%; prevalence ratio [PR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87-0.99), but the proportion reporting severe distress increased by 46%, from 5.7% to 8.3% (PR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.21-1.76). Although trends differed by sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, and drinking, the increase in severe distress was observed across all subgroups (with PR estimates ranging from 1.17 to 2.16), with the exception of those aged 65 years and older (PR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.43-1.38); the increase was particularly pronounced since late 2021 among those younger than 25 years (increasing from 13.6% in December 2021 to 20.2% in December 2022). Conclusions and Relevance In this survey study of adults in England, the proportion reporting any psychological distress was similar in December 2022 to that in April 2020 (an extremely difficult and uncertain moment of the COVID-19 pandemic), but the proportion reporting severe distress was 46% higher. These findings provide evidence of a growing mental health crisis in England and underscore an urgent need to address its cause and to adequately fund mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- SPECTRUM Consortium, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- SPECTRUM Consortium, United Kingdom
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- SPECTRUM Consortium, United Kingdom
| | - Ann McNeill
- SPECTRUM Consortium, United Kingdom
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- SPECTRUM Consortium, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Leonie Brose
- SPECTRUM Consortium, United Kingdom
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Wen X, Thomas MA, Liu L, Moe AA, Duong PH, Griffiths ME, Munlyn AL. Association between maternal e-cigarette use during pregnancy and low gestational weight gain. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 162:300-308. [PMID: 36637259 PMCID: PMC10523399 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of low gestational weight gain (GWG) in women who use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), combustible cigarettes, or both e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes (dual use) during pregnancy. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of the data from 176 882 singleton pregnancies in the 2016-2020 US Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). Postpartum women self-reported their use of e-cigarettes and/or cigarettes during the last 3 months of pregnancy. Low GWG was defined as the total GWG less than 12.7 kg, less than 11.3 kg, less than 6.8 kg, and less than 5.0 kg (<28, <25, <15, and < 11 lb) for women with underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity, respectively. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of low GWG, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS In this national sample, 921 (weighted percentage, 0.5%) of women were e-cigarette users and 1308 (0.7%) were dual users during late pregnancy. Compared with non-users during late pregnancy (40 090, 22.1%), cigarette users (4499, 28.0%) and dual users (427, 26.0%) had a higher risk of low GWG, but e-cigarette users had a similar risk (237, 22.1%). Adjustment for sociodemographic and pregnancy confounders moderately attenuated these associations: confounder-adjusted ORs 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.35) for cigarette users, 1.18 (95% CI 0.96-1.44) for dual users, and 0.99 (95% CI 0.78-1.27) for e-cigarette users. CONCLUSIONS Unlike combustible cigarette use, e-cigarette use during late pregnancy does not appear to be a risk factor for low GWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Wen
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, U.S.A
| | - Marjorie A. Thomas
- Department of Epidemiology & Environmental Health, School of Public Health & Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, U.S.A
| | - Lufeiya Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, U.S.A
| | - Aye A. Moe
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, U.S.A
| | - Peter H. Duong
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health & Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, U.S.A
| | - Malkijah E. Griffiths
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health & Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, U.S.A
| | - Ambra L. Munlyn
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health & Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, U.S.A
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Al Houri A, Alhouri A, Zahrawi H, Al Houri H, Abu-Hussein B, Mohammad Nazir Arrouk D, Jarrar Y, Al-Thunaibat A, Latifeh O, Al Sharei A, Latifeh Y. The Prevalence and Risk Factors of COVID-Stress Syndrome. Cureus 2023; 15:e39388. [PMID: 37362515 PMCID: PMC10286765 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is a serious disease causing negative psychological effects such as nervousness, isolation, depression, and suicide ideation. The COVID Stress Scale was developed to better understand and assess COVID-19-related distress. University students are predicted to be negatively impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak due to their lack of psychological skills and high levels of academic stress. This study compares the prevalence of COVID stress syndrome (CSS) among university students in Syria and Jordan during the outbreak. The questionnaire used in the study covers multiple aspects and can be applied to future pandemics or infectious diseases. Methodology This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Syria and Jordan between September 1 and December 1, 2021, to evaluate CSS among university students. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 2525 students using a structured, validated, and published questionnaire. Ethical considerations were taken, and informed consent was obtained from participants. The questionnaire had two parts: participant characteristics and CSS. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), and the chi-square test was used to compare the CSS scale between the two countries. Result The study involved 2525 university students, mostly Syrian (63.6%) and Jordanian (36.4%), aged 18-24 (89.5%), and mostly single (95.6%). Over 50% of students lived in homes with three or more people. More than half reported good to excellent economic status; non-smokers accounted for over 50%. Regarding CSS, 39.8% had a high score, 28% average, 20% severe, and 12.2% low to mild. Jordanian male students and single Syrian students showed a higher probability of experiencing CSS symptoms. The number of people in the household, financial status, and field of study also played a significant role. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has negative impacts beyond physical health, including the economy, education, and mental health. A stress scale has been developed to measure COVID-19 stress syndrome, which includes Danger and Contamination Fears (DAN), Socioeconomic Consequences Fears (SEC), Xenophobic Fears (XEN), Traumatic Stress Symptoms (TSS), and Compulsive Checking and Reassurance Seeking (CHE). Non-medical faculty students are more likely to acquire CSS symptoms than medical faculty students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al Houri
- Department of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, SYR
| | | | - Hanaa Zahrawi
- Department of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, SYR
| | - Hasan Al Houri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
- Department of Internal Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, SYR
| | | | | | - Yazan Jarrar
- Department of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, JOR
| | | | - Obada Latifeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
| | | | - Youssef Latifeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
- Department of Psychiatry, Al Sham Private University, Damascus, SYR
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15
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Avishai A, Ribisl KM, Sheeran P. Realizing the Tobacco Endgame: Understanding and mobilizing public support for banning combustible cigarette sales in the United States. Soc Sci Med 2023; 327:115939. [PMID: 37172336 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little research on public support for banning the sale and purchase of combustible cigarettes even though a ban is an essential step towards achieving the endgame for tobacco products. PURPOSE We report the first studies designed to (a) examine predictors of support for a ban (Study 1), and (b) test interventions to increase such support (Studies 2-4). METHODS In Study 1, current, former, and never smokers (N = 479) were randomized to conditions measuring their willingness to ban the sale of cigarettes vs. an unspecified product. Smokers were randomized to a persuasive communication in Study 2 and a paradoxical thinking intervention in Study 3 (Ns = 300 and 302, respectively). In Study 4 (N = 336), we randomized smokers to self-persuasion and issue-framing interventions. RESULTS Whereas nonsmokers were willing to ban the sale of both cigarettes and equivalent products, current and former smokers exempted cigarettes from a ban. Reactance to prohibition and perceived effectiveness predicted willingness to ban cigarette sales in all three smoking status groups (Study 1). Neither persuasive communication nor paradoxical thinking increased support for banning cigarette sales in Studies 2-3. However, self-persuasion and framing the ban as "protecting Americans from avoidable harm" both led to increased support for banning cigarette sales (Study 4). CONCLUSIONS Reactance and doubt about the effectiveness of banning the sale of cigarettes are key barriers to supporting a ban. Self-persuasion and issue framing may be effective means of mobilizing policy support among smokers. The present research offers new insights relevant to promoting the "Tobacco Endgame" and helps specify directions for future research on public support for health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Avishai
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kurt M Ribisl
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Paschal Sheeran
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, USA.
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16
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Zhu M, Rogers NG, Jahad JV, Herman MA. Sex Differences in the Impact of Electronic Nicotine Vapor on Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 Neurons in the Mouse Ventral Tegmental Area. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3081-3093. [PMID: 37001989 PMCID: PMC10146490 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2087-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine engages dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to encode reward and drive the development of nicotine addiction, however how nicotine alters a stress associated VTA population remains unclear. Here, we used male and female CRF1-GFP mice and nicotine vapor exposure to examine the effects of nicotine in VTA corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1) neurons. We use immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology to examine neuronal activity, excitability, and inhibitory signaling. We found that VTA CRF1 neurons are mainly dopaminergic and project to the nucleus accumbens (NAc; VTA-NAcCRF1 neurons). VTA-NAcCRF1 neurons show greater phasic inhibition in naive females and greater focal nicotine-induced increases in firing in naive males. Following acute nicotine vapor exposure, phasic inhibition was not altered, but focal nicotine-induced tonic inhibition was enhanced in females and diminished in males. Acute nicotine vapor exposure did not affect firing in VTA-NAcCRF1 neurons, but females showed lower baseline firing and higher focal nicotine-induced firing. Activity (cFos) was increased in the CRF1 dopaminergic VTA population in both sexes, but with greater increases in females. Following chronic nicotine vapor exposure, both sexes displayed reduced basal phasic inhibition and the sex difference in tonic inhibition following acute vapor exposure was no longer observed. Additionally, activity of the CRF1 dopaminergic VTA population was no longer elevated in either sex. These findings reveal sex-dependent and exposure-dependent changes in mesolimbic VTA-NAc CRF1 neuronal activity, inhibitory signaling, and nicotine sensitivity following nicotine vapor exposure. These changes potentially contribute to nicotine-dependent behaviors and the intersection between stress, anxiety, and addiction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Nicotine is known to engage reward systems in the brain historically centering the neurotransmitter dopamine however, how nicotine impacts other neurons in the reward pathway is less clear. The current study investigates the impact of acute and chronic electronic nicotine vapor exposure in a genetically-defined cell population containing the stress receptor corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF1) that is located in the reward circuitry. This study employs functional measures of neuronal activity and identifies important sex differences in nicotine's effects across time and exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- ManHua Zhu
- Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Neil G Rogers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Jasmine V Jahad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Melissa A Herman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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17
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Terry AV, Jones K, Bertrand D. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106764. [PMID: 37044234 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that are widely distributed both pre- and post-synaptically in the mammalian brain. By modulating cation flux across cell membranes, neuronal nAChRs regulate neuronal excitability and the release of a variety of neurotransmitters to influence multiple physiologic and behavioral processes including synaptic plasticity, motor function, attention, learning and memory. Abnormalities of neuronal nAChRs have been implicated in the pathophysiology of neurologic disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and Tourette´s syndrome, as well as psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety. The potential role of nAChRs in a particular illness may be indicated by alterations in the expression of nAChRs in relevant brain regions, genetic variability in the genes encoding for nAChR subunit proteins, and/or clinical or preclinical observations where specific ligands showed a therapeutic effect. Over the past 25 years, extensive preclinical and some early clinical evidence suggested that ligands at nAChRs might have therapeutic potential for neurologic and psychiatric disorders. However, to date the only approved indications for nAChR ligands are smoking cessation and the treatment of dry eye disease. It has been argued that progress in nAChR drug discovery has been limited by translational gaps between the preclinical models and the human disease as well as unresolved questions regarding the pharmacological goal (i.e., agonism, antagonism or receptor desensitization) depending on the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin V Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, 30912.
| | - Keri Jones
- Educational Innovation Institute, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, 30912
| | - Daniel Bertrand
- HiQScreen Sàrl, 6, rte de Compois, 1222 Vésenaz, Geneva, Switzerland
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Johnstone A, Martin-Bates AJ. Banning smoking at Army Foundation College, Harrogate: a military phase I training establishment's experience of introducing a smoking ban. BMJ Mil Health 2023; 169:181-183. [PMID: 32938709 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In September 2019, Harrogate Army Foundation College (AFC) introduced what is believed to be the British Army's first smoking ban. AFC, the British Army's only training college for junior soldiers (JS) aged 16-18 years, had identified the possibility of JS adopting a smoking habit during training and introduced positive steps to mitigate this risk. The smoking ban for JS was part of a phased approach, with a complete ban being implemented in January 2020, which extended to all personnel on camp. A historically strong smoking culture in the military meant introducing a ban had inherent challenges, but the potential benefits from doing so made it worth considering. The introduction of the ban coincided with an intake of around 1070 new JS. Intakes are a busy period for the medical centre, with each JS requiring an Initial Medical Assessment. The added requirement to provide smoking cessation therapy at this time resulted in an increased workload. Medical challenges during this period included staffing numbers, dispensary stock levels for nicotine replacement therapy and disruption to routine clinics. However, experience gained from the September 2019 intake resulted in modifications that allowed the next intake in March 2020 to be optimised. Success when introducing a smoking ban in a military establishment is dependent on early planning and clear communication between the chain of command and the medical centre. As the military moves towards a larger scale smoking ban, lessons from AFC's experience may help guide other military establishments with the implementation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Johnstone
- Royal Army Medical Corps, Army Foundation College Harrogate, UK
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19
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Steinberg ML, Rosen RL, Ganz O, Wackowski OA, Jeong M, Delnevo CD. Communicating the benefits of quitting smoking on mental health increases motivation to quit in people with anxiety and/or depression: A randomized trial of two health messages. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.17.23286103. [PMID: 36865337 PMCID: PMC9980264 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.17.23286103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Although smoking rates have declined over time, this decline has not been observed among those with mental health concerns. It is therefore important to develop effective messaging to support quitting in this population. Methods We conducted an online experiment with 419 adults who smoke cigarettes daily. Participants with, or without a lifetime history of anxiety and/or depression were randomized to view a message focused on the benefits of quitting smoking on mental or physical health. Participants then reported motivation to quit smoking, mental health concerns about quitting, and perceived effectiveness of the message. Results Participants with a lifetime history of anxiety and/or depression who saw the message focused on the benefits of quitting smoking on mental health reported greater motivation to quit than when they saw a message focused on the benefits to physical health. This was not replicated when examining current symptoms instead of lifetime history. Pre-existing beliefs that smoking improves one's mood were greater in those experiencing current symptoms and in those with a lifetime history of anxiety and/or depression. There was no main or interaction (message type X mental health status) effect of message type received on mental health related concerns about quitting. Conclusions This study is one of the first to evaluate a smoking cessation message with content specifically targeted to those with mental health concerns about quitting smoking. Additional work is needed to determine how to best target those with mental health concerns with messages focused on the benefits of quitting on mental health. Implications These data can begin to inform regulatory efforts to address tobacco use in those with comorbid anxiety and/or depression by providing information on how to effectively communicate the benefits of quitting smoking on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc L. Steinberg
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies
| | - Rachel L. Rosen
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies
| | - Ollie Ganz
- Rutgers School of Public Health
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies
| | | | - Michelle Jeong
- Rutgers School of Public Health
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies
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20
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Li Y, Duong HT, Massey ZB, Churchill V, Popova L. When Cigarette Smoking Meets COVID-19: How the Two Types of Threat and Efficacy Perceptions Interactively Predict Danger Control and Fear Control Processes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2970. [PMID: 36833665 PMCID: PMC9957251 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that communicating the combined risk of smoking and COVID-19 encourages smoking cessation. Guided by the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), we examined how perceived threats of smoking and COVID-19 independently and interactively predicted danger control responses (i.e., quit intentions and COVID-19-protective behavioral intentions) and fear control responses (i.e., fear and fatalism). We also explored the direct and interactive impacts of perceived efficacy of quitting smoking and COVID-protective behaviors on message outcomes. Structural equation modeling results (N = 747 U.S. adults who smoke) indicated that the perceived efficacy of COVID-protective behaviors positively predicted quit intentions. Higher perceived threat of COVID-19 and greater quitting efficacy predicted higher quit intentions directly and indirectly via fear. As perceived COVID-protective efficacy increased, the positive association between perceived quitting efficacy and quit intentions also increased. Smoking-related threat and efficacy perceptions did not predict COVID-protective behavioral intentions. This study added to EPPM by considering how threat and efficacy perceptions deriving from two different yet closely related risks affect protective behaviors. Thus, combining multiple threats in a single message might be a promising strategy to motivate smoking cessation amid the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Li
- Department of Communication Studies, Department of Public Health, The College of New Jersey, Ewing Township, NJ 08628, USA
| | - Hue Trong Duong
- Department of Communication, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Zachary B. Massey
- School of Journalism, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Victoria Churchill
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Lucy Popova
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
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21
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Lampropoulos IC, Kirgou P, Raptis DG, Rouka E, Kotsiou O, Papagiannis D, Daniil Z, Gourgoulianis KI, Malli F. Changes in Smoking Habits in Greece During the Lockdown Measures Due to COVID-19. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1425:275-281. [PMID: 37581801 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31986-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During lockdown, people are experiencing higher than usual levels of stress related to social isolation, employment, and finances that may result in lifestyle changes. Here, we aim to assess whether smoking habits changed during the lockdown measures due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS For the purpose of the survey, an online questionnaire was distributed from the tenth of April to the second of May 2020, among a Greek population, by using an online platform. RESULTS Two hundred smokers/vapers participated in the present survey (62.5% women, 44% of 36-45 years, 29% of 16-55 years, 15.5% 26-35 years). The daily number of cigarettes smoked before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic is 15.06 ± 9.84, while during the restrictive measures due to COVID-19, the daily number of cigarettes smoked is 14.52 ± 10.13 (p > 0.05). Vapers consumed an average of 0.54 ± 2.43 mL vapor per day before the COVID-19 pandemic and 0.61 ± 2.81 mL during lockdown. Males smoked more cigarettes per day before (16.31 ± 11.87) and during the lockdown (15.33 ± 12.17) versus females (14.30 ± 8.36) and 14.04 ± 8.70, respectively) (p > 0.05 for both genders). Before versus during the restrictive measures, subjects that were primary school graduates smoked more cigarettes per day (28.00 ± 9.09 and 27.50 ± 9.57, respectively), followed by subjects that were high school graduates (16.90 ± 9.33 and 15.97 ± 9.50, respectively), university graduates (14.17 ± 10.14 and 13.93 ± 10.66, respectively), postgraduates (12.96 ± 9.52 and 12.25 ± 9.90, respectively) and middle school graduates (12.89 ± 8.22 and 14.22 ± 7.93, respectively).The self-reported reason for the change in the mL vaporized and the cigarettes smoked are confinement at home (36.3%), stress about COVID-19 (34.09%), free time (20.45%), boredom (4.54%), stress about the work status (2.27%), and participation in online lucky games (2.27%). DISCUSSION We did not observe significant differences in the daily consumption of smoke/vaping during the lockdown measures. More studies are needed to assess the long-term effects of the pandemic in smoking habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paraskevi Kirgou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Raptis
- Respiratory Disorders Lab, Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Erasmia Rouka
- Respiratory Disorders Lab, Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ourania Kotsiou
- Respiratory Disorders Lab, Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papagiannis
- Public Health and Vaccines Lab, Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Zoe Daniil
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Foteini Malli
- Respiratory Disorders Lab, Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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22
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Long JD, Gehlsen MP, Moody J, Weeks G, Philibert R. Predictors of Smoking in Older Adults and an Epigenetic Validation of Self-Report. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010025. [PMID: 36672765 PMCID: PMC9912258 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several established predictors of smoking, but it is unknown if these predictors operate similarly for young and old smokers. We examined clinical data from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) to determine the predictive ability of gender, body mass index (BMI), marital status, and race on smoking behavior, with emphasis on gender interactions. In addition, we validated the self-report of smoking behaviors for a subgroup that had available epigenetic data in the form of cg05575921 methylation. Participants were N=9572 current or former smokers from the NLST biofluids database, age 55-74, minimum of 30 pack years, and mostly White. A subgroup of N=3084 who had DNA were used for the self-report validation analysis. The predictor analysis was based on the larger group and used penalized logistic regression to predict the self-report of being a former or current smoker at baseline. Cg05575921 methylation showed a moderate ability to discriminate among former and current smokers, AUC = 0.85 (95% confidence interval = [0.83, 0.86]). The final selected variables for the prediction model were BMI, gender, BMI by gender, age, divorced (vs. married), education, and race. The gender by BMI interaction was such that males had a higher probability of current smoking for lower BMI, but this switched to females having higher current smoking for overweight to obese. There is evidence that the self-reported smoking behavior in NLST is moderately accurate. The results of the primary analysis are consistent with the general smoking literature, and our results provide additional specificity regarding the gender by BMI interaction. Body weight issues might play a role in smoking cessation for older established smokers in a similar manner as younger smokers. It could be that women have less success with cessation when their BMI increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Long
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA; (J.D.L.); (J.M.); (G.W.)
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael P. Gehlsen
- South Saint Paul Public Schools, 104 5th Ave. S, South Saint Paul, MN 55075, USA;
| | - Joanna Moody
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA; (J.D.L.); (J.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Gracie Weeks
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA; (J.D.L.); (J.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Robert Philibert
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA; (J.D.L.); (J.M.); (G.W.)
- Behavioral Diagnostics LLC, 2500 Crosspark Rd., Suite W245, Coralville, IA 53341, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence:
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23
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Iftikhar A, Islam M, Shepherd S, Jones S, Ellis I. What is behind the lifestyle risk factors for head and neck cancer? Front Psychol 2022; 13:960638. [PMID: 36312160 PMCID: PMC9608174 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.960638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors are known to be influential determinants of health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately one third of deaths involve unhealthy lifestyle habits. Among lifestyle risk factors for head and neck cancers (HNC), alcohol consumption and smoking have an undeniable role in the multifactorial aetiology of the disease. In recent years, the promotion of healthy lifestyle choices has gained significant attention as contributory to improving health and disease prevention. Interventions to tackle these risk factors are vitally important in disease prevention and progression. However, in order to effectively prevent the disease and reduce the risk factors, it is crucial to identify what upstream reasons lead to the adoption of these lifestyle risk factors in the first place. Stress being a constant aspect of modern-day life is known to contribute to alcohol and smoking practices. In this review paper, relevant literature was searched in PubMed database for stress, lifestyle factors, HNC and cancer to explore the role of stress and its associated biological pathways as an upstream factor in the adoption of lifestyle risk factors that cause HNC. It highlights the importance of stress pathways and the Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis as a locus of interaction between stress, alcohol, smoking and cancer. Despite their widely accepted harmful effects, alcohol and smoking remain deeply rooted in contemporary life. A greater understanding of the impact of stress on lifestyle choices and an exploration of the mechanisms resulting in stress, alcohol- and smoking- related cancer may highlight opportunities for improved prevention measures through the modification of unhealthy lifestyle choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anem Iftikhar
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee,United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Islam
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee,United Kingdom
| | - Simon Shepherd
- Department of Oral Surgery and Medicine, Dundee Dental Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jones
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee,United Kingdom
| | - Ian Ellis
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee,United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ian Ellis,
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24
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Guignard R, Quatremère G, Pasquereau A, Jartoux C, Salvaing L, Caline G, Beck F, Nguyen Thanh V. Barriers Against and Motivations for Quitting Smoking during the COVID-19 Health Crisis: Results of a Qualitative Study in France. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13051. [PMID: 36293628 PMCID: PMC9602125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic and its psychological, economic and social consequences could have an impact on the evolution of tobacco-smoking prevalence and attitudes towards quitting. The aim of this study is to analyse the specific characteristics of the motivations for and barriers against smoking cessation in this period. The study is based on qualitative data collected from late 2020 to early 2021 in France from 89 smokers with a low or intermediate socio-economic level. Among the motivations for quitting smoking, health concerns and the financial cost of cigarettes carried increased importance among the smokers in this period. Inversely, perceived stress, isolation, and a lack of social or healthcare support prevented some smokers from attempting to quit. These results are useful for explaining the evolution of smoking prevalence and preparing future interventions in the context of the health crisis and its aftermath. They highlight the relevance of educational messages, of the promotion of validated smoking-cessation aids and, in particular, remote support, as well as the implementation of community-based actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Guignard
- Santé Publique France, The French National Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val d’Osne, CEDEX, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Guillemette Quatremère
- Santé Publique France, The French National Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val d’Osne, CEDEX, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Anne Pasquereau
- Santé Publique France, The French National Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val d’Osne, CEDEX, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Cécile Jartoux
- Santé Publique France, The French National Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val d’Osne, CEDEX, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Laure Salvaing
- Kantar Public, 3 Avenue Pierre Masse, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | - François Beck
- Santé Publique France, The French National Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val d’Osne, CEDEX, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Viêt Nguyen Thanh
- Santé Publique France, The French National Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val d’Osne, CEDEX, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
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25
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Chang YC, Lee YH, Chiang T, Liu CT. Associations of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption with Loneliness, Depression, and Loss of Interest Among Chinese Older Males and Females. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022:1-16. [PMID: 36101657 PMCID: PMC9454382 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As China experiences a rapidly aging population, the prevalence of Chinese older adults suffering from mental health issues also increases. Because cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are two major public health concerns in China, we examined smoking and alcohol consumption status with loneliness, depression, and loss of interest among Chinese older adults. Panel data were extracted from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, and older adults were selected as the final study sample (age ≥ 65) from two different time points (the 2011-2012 and 2014 waves). We analyzed Chinese older men and women with the adoption of panel logistic regression models to study mental health measurements of loneliness, depression, and loss of interest. Among males, compared with non-alcohol users, former alcohol users had higher odds of reporting depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.91; p < 0.05), while current alcohol users did not. Current and former smoking statuses were positively associated with depression (all p < 0.05). However, only current smoking status was positively associated with loss of interest (p < 0.05). Among females, former alcohol consumption was positively associated with loneliness, and current alcohol consumption was positively associated with depression. Health practitioners should evaluate the roles of smoking and alcohol consumption on Chinese older adults' mental health measurements in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen-Han Lee
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
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26
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Hennigan KM, Olson KR, Baker JH, Munn-Chernoff MA. Associations between eating disorder symptoms and smoking and vaping use and motives in college students. Eat Behav 2022; 46:101652. [PMID: 35839570 PMCID: PMC9679963 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A positive association between eating disorder (ED) symptoms and cigarette use exists. However, little is known about the association between ED symptoms and e-cigarette use, as well as how these symptoms are related to motives for using cigarettes and e-cigarettes. In this study, 716 college students (M age = 19.23, SD = 1.65; 61 % female) completed an online survey that included the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory, smoking and vaping questionnaires, and the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised, which was modified for smoking and vaping. We examined mean differences in ED symptoms in lifetime (and past-month) cigarette and e-cigarette users versus non-users, and investigated correlations between ED symptoms and smoking and vaping motives. Finally, we evaluated whether biological sex influenced the results. Overall, 30.4 % of students reported lifetime smoking, 10.5 % reported past-month smoking, 23 % reported lifetime vaping, and 9.5 % reported past-month vaping. With the exception of higher mean scores for negative attitudes toward obesity in students reporting lifetime smoking versus never smoking after adjusting for sex (M = 5.97 vs. M = 4.52, t[713] = -3.76, q = 0.004), no significant mean differences emerged between those who used nicotine and those who did not, which reflected small to moderate effect sizes. Few associations were observed between ED symptoms and nicotine use motives. These findings suggest that the comorbidity between ED symptoms and smoking and vaping in a non-clinical sample is minimal, although additional research with larger sample sizes of males and females is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M Hennigan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen R Olson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Melissa A Munn-Chernoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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27
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Weld-Blundell I, Grech L, Borland R, White SL, das Nair R, Marck CH. Smoking habits, awareness and support needs for cessation among people with multiple sclerosis in Australia: findings from an online survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059637. [PMID: 35906060 PMCID: PMC9345070 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess smoking habits, nicotine use, exposure to passive smoking, awareness of associated harms, and experiences with and preferences for smoking cessation support among people with multiple sclerosis (MS). DESIGN Online survey, convenience sampling. SETTING Community setting, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Adults living in Australia with probable or diagnosed MS were recruited via social media and newsletters to participate in 2020. RESULTS Of the 284 participants in our convenience sample, 25.7% were current smokers (n=73) and 38.0% were former smokers (n=108). Awareness of the harms of smoking on MS onset (n=68, 24.3%) and progression (n=116, 41.6%) was low. Almost a quarter (n=67, 23.8%) of participants were regularly exposed to passive smoke, and awareness of associated harm was also low (n=47, 16.8%). Among current smokers, 76.1% (n=54) had tried quitting and 73.2% considered quitting within 6 months (n=52). Many participants reported perceived short-term benefits of smoking, and long-term benefits of quitting, on MS symptoms and general well-being (short-term n=28, 40.0%; long-term n=28, 82.4%). While most participants reported that their neurologist (n=126, 75.4%) or other healthcare providers (n=125, 74.9%) had assessed smoking status, very few neurologists (n=3, 1.8%) or other healthcare providers (n=14, 8.4%) had provided help with quitting. Most current smokers preferred speaking about smoking to a neurologist (n=36, 52.2%) or general practitioner (n=41, 59.4%). Almost 60% of the current smokers wanted additional cessation information specific to MS (n=41, 59.4%), and 45.5% said this information would motivate them to quit smoking (n=30). CONCLUSIONS Our convenience sample, which may not be representative, indicated an urgent need for regular evidence-based smoking cessation supports for people with MS. Most participants felt they would benefit from smoking cessation advice. MS clinicians, in collaboration with patient organisations, smoking cessation services and general practitioners, should make smoking cessation promotion with people with MS a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Weld-Blundell
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, the Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Grech
- Medicine Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ron Borland
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah L White
- Quit, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roshan das Nair
- Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, UK
- Health Services Research, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudia H Marck
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, the Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Kendall AD, Hedeker D, Diviak KR, Mermelstein RJ. The Mood Boost from Tobacco Cigarettes is More Erratic with the Additions of Cannabis and Alcohol. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1169-1176. [PMID: 34999839 PMCID: PMC9278821 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A large body of literature indicates that nicotine results in an acute mood "boost," including increased positive affect and decreased negative affect. Young adults frequently engage in polysubstance use of cigarettes with cannabis and alcohol-a trend that is likely to accelerate with the expanding legalization of cannabis. However, little is known about whether polysubstance use, defined here as combustible tobacco cigarette use within the same hour as cannabis and alcohol, is associated with changes in the nicotine mood boost. The present study aimed to address this gap. METHODS Young adults (N = 202, 52% female, mean age = 21 years at time 1) provided ecological moments assessment (EMA) reports of cigarette use over two 7-day bursts spaced 1 year apart. In each report, participants rated mood levels before and after smoking, and indicated cannabis and alcohol use. Mixed-effects location-scale modeling simultaneously tested changes in mood levels and variability related to smoking events with cannabis and/or alcohol compared with smoking-only events. RESULTS From before to after smoking, positive affect increased and negative affect decreased, on average. Overall, the additions of cannabis and/or alcohol had nonsignificant associations with these mean changes. However, polysubstance use, as well as cigarette-cannabis co-use, were each associated with significantly greater within-person variability in the positive and negative affect changes related to smoking. CONCLUSIONS The mood benefits associated with smoking were more erratic in the contexts of polysubstance use and cigarette-cannabis co-use. Potential implications for young adults' long-term nicotine use trajectories are discussed. IMPLICATIONS Among young adults who smoke cigarettes, the mood "boost" from smoking may be more erratic-which is to say, more likely to be either amplified or attenuated-with the additions of cannabis and alcohol together, or cannabis alone. On occasions when young adults seek out cannabis and alcohol to enhance their smoking mood boost, but instead experience a dampening effect, they might consume more nicotine, contributing over time to greater dependence. Future investigation is warranted, with particular attention to nicotine-cannabis co-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Kendall
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen R Diviak
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robin J Mermelstein
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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29
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Marom P, Zalcman BG, Dankner R. Association between Self-Classification of COVID-19 Risk Levels and Adverse Lifestyle Changes among Physically Active Older Adults Following the Coronavirus Outbreak. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127039. [PMID: 35742285 PMCID: PMC9222379 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed barriers to a healthy lifestyle, especially for older adults who are considered to be at a high-risk of infection. This study examined the associations between negative changes and the self-classification to COVID-19 risk level among physically active older adults who are members of a nationwide health club chain. A cross-sectional digital survey was sent to 19,160 older adults (age ≥ 65). The data collected included information on the subjects’ self-classification to the COVID-19 high-risk group (HRG) and changes in physical activity (PA), body weight, and smoking habits since the outbreak. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between the dependent variables of ‘experienced a negative change’ and the independent variables. Of the 1670 survey respondents, 78.3% classified themselves as COVID-19 HRG. Over half of the respondents reported a reduction in PA hours, 26.6% reported weight gain, and 17.7% of smokers increased their amount of smoking. A self-classification to the HRG was associated with 1.46 (95%CI 1.10−1.93, p < 0.009) and 1.67 (95%CI 1.21−2.31, p < 0.002) greater odds for reduced hours of exercise and weight gain compared to the not high-risk group, respectively. Decision makers should consider how policies may cause barriers to a healthy lifestyle and develop risk communication strategies to encourage positive health-related behaviors, even during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pnina Marom
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Reuth Research and Development Institute, Reuth Rehabilitation Hospital, Tel-Aviv 6772829, Israel;
| | - Beth G. Zalcman
- Reuth Research and Development Institute, Reuth Rehabilitation Hospital, Tel-Aviv 6772829, Israel;
| | - Rachel Dankner
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Reuth Research and Development Institute, Reuth Rehabilitation Hospital, Tel-Aviv 6772829, Israel;
- Unit for Cardiovascular Epidemiology, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5262100, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-73-2701613
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30
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Fakir AMS, Bharati T. Healthy, nudged, and wise: Experimental evidence on the role of information salience in reducing tobacco intake. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2022; 31:1129-1166. [PMID: 35347817 PMCID: PMC9310572 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the performance of two behavioral interventions aimed at reducing tobacco consumption in an ultra-poor rural region of Bangladesh, where conventional methods like taxes and warning labels are infeasible. The first intervention asked participants to daily log their tobacco consumption expenditure. The second intervention placed two graphic posters with warnings about the harmful effects of tobacco consumption on tobacco users and their children in the sleeping quarters of the participating households. While both interventions reduced household tobacco consumption expenditure, male participants who logged their expenditure substituted cigarettes with cheaper smokeless tobacco. The reduction in tobacco intake is larger among males with a non-tobacco consuming spouse. Exploratory analysis reveals that risk-averse males who spent relatively more on tobacco responded more to the logbook intervention. More educated, patient males with children below age five responded better to the poster intervention. The findings suggest that in countries with multi-tiered tobacco excise tax structures, which incentivize downward substitution, extending complementary demand-side policies that worked elsewhere to the rural poor might be unwise. Instead, policies may leverage something as universal as parental concern for their children's health to promote better health decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan M. S. Fakir
- Department of EconomicsUniversity of Sussex Business SchoolBrightonUK
| | - Tushar Bharati
- Department of EconomicsUniversity of Western Australia Business SchoolPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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31
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Munarini E, Stival C, Boffi R, Lugoboni F, Veronese C, Tinghino B, Agnelli GM, Lugo A, Gallus S, Giordano R. Factors associated with a change in smoking habit during the first COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian cross-sectional study among ever-smokers. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1046. [PMID: 35614423 PMCID: PMC9132352 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown period lasted from March to May 2020, resulted in a highly stressful situation yielding different negative health consequences, including the worsening of smoking habit. METHODS A web-based cross-sectional study on a convenient sample of 1013 Italian ever smokers aged 18 years or more was conducted. Data were derived from surveys compiled by three different groups of people: subjects belonging to Smoking Cessation Services, Healthcare Providers and Nursing Sciences' students. All institutions were from Northern Italy. The primary outcome self-reported worsening (relapse or increase) or improvement (quit or reduce) of smoking habit during lockdown period. Multiple unconditional (for worsening) and multinomial (for improving) logistic regressions were carried out. RESULTS Among 962 participants, 56.0% were ex-smokers. Overall, 13.2% of ex-smokers before lockdown reported relapsing and 32.7% of current smokers increasing cigarette intake. Among current smokers before lockdown, 10.1% quit smoking and 13.5% decreased cigarette intake. Out of 7 selected stressors related to COVID-19, four were significantly related to relapse (OR for the highest vs. the lowest tertile ranging between 2.24 and 3.62): fear of being infected and getting sick; fear of dying due to the virus; anxiety in listening to news of the epidemic; sense of powerlessness in protecting oneself from contagion. In addition to these stressors, even the other 3 stressors were related with increasing cigarette intensity (OR ranging between 1.90 and 4.18): sense of powerlessness in protecting loved ones from contagion; fear of losing loved ones due to virus; fear of infecting other. CONCLUSION The lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with both self-reported relapse or increase smoking habit and also quitting or reduction of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Munarini
- Pulmonology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Stival
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Boffi
- Pulmonology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Lugoboni
- Department of Medicine, Addiction Medicine Unit, Verona University Hospital, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Veronese
- Pulmonology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Biagio Tinghino
- Alcohol and New Addictions Unit, ASST Brianza, 20871, Vimercate, Italy
| | - Gianna Maria Agnelli
- Occupational Health Unit, Clinica del Lavoro "L. Devoto", Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lugo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Addiction Medicine Unit, Verona University Hospital, 37134, Verona, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, 37129, Verona, Italy
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Kuo CW, Lin CF, Chen CY, Wang RH, Chou CY, Cheng HJ, Wu JS, Chen CW, Shieh CC, Yu T. Body-Weight Gain in Women During Smoking Cessation Is a Sex-Specific Predictor of 6-Month Abstinence: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:872220. [PMID: 35646773 PMCID: PMC9139838 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.872220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSmoking behavior differs between the sexes. Weight control is one of the main reasons leading to tobacco abuse in women but not in men. Studies on the predictive factors of cessation failure between sexes are scarce. This study is aim to investigate whether there are sex differences in the effect of weight gain on smoking cessation rate.MethodsParticipants in the smoking-cessation program at a Medical Center in Taiwan between 2018 and 2019 were included. Details of age, sex, comorbidities, depression screening, nicotine dependence, body weight, and cessation medications of the participants were collected. The participants were classified based on their sex, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for sensitivity analysis after stratifying the participants according to their weight loss (weight loss ≥ 1.5 kg and weight loss ≥ 3.0 kg).ResultsA total of 1,475 participants were included. The body-weight gain in women was associated with failed abstinence (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 3.10, 95% CI: 1.10–9.04). In contrast, body-weight gain in men was associated with successful 6-month prolonged abstinence (adjusted OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.98). The adjusted ORs for any body-weight loss, body-weight loss ≥1.5 kg, and body-weight loss ≥3.0 kg were 0.28 (95% CI: 0.09–0.88), 0.14 (95% CI: 0.03–0.55), and 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01–0.42), respectively.ConclusionBody-weight gain in women during a hospital-based smoking-cessation program is associated with abstinence failure. Further multicenter studies, including participants of different races and cultural backgrounds, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wei Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Fu Lin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Health Promotion Association, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Hsueh Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ying Chou
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ju Cheng
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shang Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wen Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Shieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung Yu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Tsung Yu
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess lifestyle changes along with weight fluctuations during the COVID-19 lockdown in Lebanon. This cross-sectional study was conducted using a web-survey disseminated through social media platforms to a large sample of the Lebanese population between May 25th and June 8th, 2020, during the lockdown in Lebanon. Behavioral changes and weight variation during the confinement were assessed. Two thousand one hundred sixty-one participants (64.9% female) aged 18 to 78 years old were included in this study. On average, no net weight variation was reported by the participants. 59.3% of the smokers changed their smoking habits, 40.7% of the drinkers reported a decrease in alcohol consumption, 43.5% of the participants exercised less than one time weekly and 35.8% changed their diet. Increased frequency of physical activity, following a diet during lockdown, decreased weight dissatisfaction (P < 0.0001 for the three variables) were retained as significant factors associated with weight loss. Planning to engage in physical activity post lockdown was associated with weight gain (P = 0.021). In the Lebanese population, no net weight variation was reported during the lockdown. Increasing physical activity and initiating diet were associated with weight loss. Healthcare authorities should be alerted about the importance of these factors during the follow-up of the confined population.
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Cha WT, Joo HJ, Park YS, Park EC, Kim SY. Depression before and during-COVID-19 by Gender in the Korean Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3477. [PMID: 35329161 PMCID: PMC8953760 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the association between Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and depression by comparing Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) results pre-pandemic (2019) and after the start of the pandemic (2020). Data of 444,051 participants (200,206 male (45.1%); 243,845 female (54.9%)) were obtained from the Korean Community Health Survey conducted from 2019 to 2020. The independent variable of interest in this study was the year, divided into binary categories, 2019 and 2020. The dependent variable was depression, measured by the PHQ-9 scale. This dependent variable was also binary, dividing those who are considered depressed or not by a cut-off score of 10. A logistic regression model was employed to examine the association. Our results reveal that compared to participants in 2019, patients from the study sample of 2020 were marginally more likely to be depressed, especially female patients (male OR: 1.092, 95% CI [0.998 to 1.195], female OR: 1.066, 95% CI [1.002 to 1.134]). Moreover, using the participants from the year 2019 as a reference group, those who appeared anxious in response to the COVID-19-related questions in the survey showed more tendency to have a PHQ-9 score of 10 or more. Compared to participants from the 2019 group, those from 2020 more likely to be depressed were those with no-one to contact in case of emergency due to COVID-19 (male OR: 1.45, 95% CI [1.26 to 1.66], female OR: 1.46, 95% CI [1.33 to 1.60]), and individuals with concerns regarding economic loss (male OR: 1.18, 95% CI [1.07 to 1.30], female OR: 1.11, 95% CI [1.04 to 1.18]) and infection of a vulnerable family member at home due to COVID-19 (male OR: 1.16, 95% CI [1.05 to 1.28], female OR: 1.09, 95% CI [ 1.02 to 1.16]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Tae Cha
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03772, Korea; (W.-T.C.); (H.-J.J.); (Y.-S.P.); (E.-C.P.)
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03772, Korea
- Chief Operating Officer (COO), CHA Health Systems, Inc., Los Angeles, CA 90010, USA
| | - Hye-Jin Joo
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03772, Korea; (W.-T.C.); (H.-J.J.); (Y.-S.P.); (E.-C.P.)
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03772, Korea
| | - Yu-Shin Park
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03772, Korea; (W.-T.C.); (H.-J.J.); (Y.-S.P.); (E.-C.P.)
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03772, Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03772, Korea; (W.-T.C.); (H.-J.J.); (Y.-S.P.); (E.-C.P.)
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03772, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03772, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03772, Korea; (W.-T.C.); (H.-J.J.); (Y.-S.P.); (E.-C.P.)
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03772, Korea
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Xu Z, Tian Y, Li AX, Tang J, Jing XY, Deng C, Mo Z, Wang J, Lai J, Liu X, Guo X, Li T, Li S, Wang L, Lu Z, Chen Z, Liu XA. Menthol Flavor in E-Cigarette Vapor Modulates Social Behavior Correlated With Central and Peripheral Changes of Immunometabolic Signalings. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:800406. [PMID: 35359576 PMCID: PMC8960730 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.800406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) has been increasing dramatically worldwide. More than 8,000 flavors of e-cigarettes are currently marketed and menthol is one of the most popular flavor additives in the electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). There is a controversy over the roles of e-cigarettes in social behavior, and little is known about the potential impacts of flavorings in the ENDS. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of menthol flavor in ENDS on the social behavior of long-term vapor-exposed mice with a daily intake limit, and the underlying immunometabolic changes in the central and peripheral systems. We found that the addition of menthol flavor in nicotine vapor enhanced the social activity compared with the nicotine alone. The dramatically reduced activation of cellular energy measured by adenosine 5′ monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in the hippocampus were observed after the chronic exposure of menthol-flavored ENDS. Multiple sera cytokines including C5, TIMP-1, and CXCL13 were decreased accordingly as per their peripheral immunometabolic responses to menthol flavor in the nicotine vapor. The serum level of C5 was positively correlated with the alteration activity of the AMPK-ERK signaling in the hippocampus. Our current findings provide evidence for the enhancement of menthol flavor in ENDS on social functioning, which is correlated with the central and peripheral immunometabolic disruptions; this raises the vigilance of the cautious addition of various flavorings in e-cigarettes and the urgency of further investigations on the complex interplay and health effects of flavoring additives with nicotine in e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - A.-Xiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiahang Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Jing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunshan Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhizhun Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuantong Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zuxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zuxin Chen,
| | - Xin-an Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zuxin Chen,
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Oral Habits during the Lockdown from the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in the Romanian Population. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030387. [PMID: 35334563 PMCID: PMC8950074 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to changes in population daily patterns. In order to adapt oral health promotion measures for future similar conditions, the main objective of the study was to assess changes in dental hygiene and eating and smoking habits during the government lockdown in Romania. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted immediately after the end of the lockdown and consisted of 800 adult subjects. Data collection was done via an online survey. Participants were divided into two groups: non-medical/dental practitioners (N-M/D group) and medical/dental practitioners (M/D group). Results: An increased use of dental floss from 27% (pre-lockdown) to 30.5% (during lockdown) was identified in the M/D group, while the manual toothbrush usage increased to 64.8% (during lockdown) from 61.7% (pre-lockdown) in the N-MD/group. No significant differences regarding toothbrushing frequency were observed in either group. A change in the number of daily snacks was identified in both groups (3–4 snacks per day: from 11% to 20.2% in the N-M/D group, from 13.1% to 22.2% in the M/D group). The consumption of sweets as a preferred snack was also noticed. A decrease of tobacco consumers was assessed in the lockdown period (from 66.6% to 60.4% in the M/D group, from 68.5% to 61.9% in the N-/M/D group). Conclusions: Oral habits were changed during the pandemic lockdown through the increase in the frequency of the consumption of snacks and sweets and the decrease in frequency of smokers. Only minor changes were observed in oral hygiene.
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Jackson SE, Beard E, Angus C, Field M, Brown J. Moderators of changes in smoking, drinking and quitting behaviour associated with the first COVID-19 lockdown in England. Addiction 2022; 117:772-783. [PMID: 34431577 PMCID: PMC8652848 DOI: 10.1111/add.15656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate changes in smoking, drinking and quitting behaviour from before to during the first COVID-19 lockdown in England, and whether changes differed by age, sex or social grade. DESIGN Representative cross-sectional surveys of adults, collected monthly between August 2018 and July 2020. SETTING England. PARTICIPANTS A total of 36 980 adults (≥ 18 years). MEASUREMENTS Independent variables were survey month (pre-lockdown: August-February versus lockdown months: April-July) and year (pandemic: 2019/20 versus comparator: 2018/19). Smoking outcomes were smoking prevalence, cessation, quit attempts, quit success and use of evidence-based or remote cessation support. Drinking outcomes were high-risk drinking prevalence, alcohol reduction attempts and use of evidence-based or remote support. Moderators were age, sex and occupational social grade (ABC1 = more advantaged/C2DE = less advantaged). FINDINGS Relative to changes during the same time period in 2018/19, lockdown was associated with significant increases in smoking prevalence [+24.7% in 2019/20 versus 0.0% in 2018/19, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-1.63] and quit attempts (+39.9 versus -22.2%, aOR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.76-3.50) among 18-34-year-olds, but not older groups. Increases in cessation (+156.4 versus -12.5%, aOR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.86-5.09) and the success rate of quit attempts (+99.2 versus +0.8%, aOR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.31-3.98) were also observed, and did not differ significantly by age, sex or social grade. Lockdown was associated with a significant increase in high-risk drinking prevalence among all socio-demographic groups (+39.5 versus -7.8%, aOR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.64-1.98), with particularly high increases among women (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.87-2.53) and social grades C2DE (aOR = 2.34, 95% CI = 2.00-2.74). Alcohol reduction attempts increased significantly among high-risk drinkers from social grades ABC1 (aOR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.78-3.00) but not C2DE (aOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.83-1.88). There were few significant changes in use of support for smoking cessation or alcohol reduction, although samples were small. CONCLUSIONS In England, the first COVID-19 lockdown was associated with increased smoking prevalence among younger adults and increased high-risk drinking prevalence among all adults. Smoking cessation activity also increased: more younger smokers made quit attempts during lockdown and more smokers quit successfully. Socio-economic disparities in drinking behaviour were evident: high-risk drinking increased by more among women and those from less advantaged social grades (C2DE), but the rate of reduction attempts increased only among the more advantaged social grades (ABC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- SPECTRUM ConsortiumUK
| | - Emma Beard
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- SPECTRUM ConsortiumUK
| | - Colin Angus
- SPECTRUM ConsortiumUK
- School of Health and Related ResearchUniversity of SheffieldUK
| | - Matt Field
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of SheffieldUK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- SPECTRUM ConsortiumUK
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Bloom EL, Bogart A, Dubowitz T, Collins RL, Ghosh-Dastidar B, Gary-Webb TL, Troxel W. Longitudinal Associations Between Changes in Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Use, Eating Behavior, Perceived Stress, and Self-Rated Health in a Cohort of Low-Income Black Adults. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:112-124. [PMID: 33970236 PMCID: PMC8691395 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black adults in the U.S. experience significant health disparities related to tobacco use and obesity. Conducting observational studies of the associations between smoking and other health behaviors and indicators among Black adults may contribute to the development of tailored interventions. PURPOSE We examined associations between change in cigarette smoking and alcohol use, body mass index, eating behavior, perceived stress, and self-rated health in a cohort of Black adults who resided in low-income urban neighborhoods and participated in an ongoing longitudinal study. METHODS Interviews were conducted in 2011, 2014, and 2018; participants (N = 904) provided at least two waves of data. We fit linear and logistic mixed-effects models to evaluate how changes in smoking status from the previous wave to the subsequent wave were related to each outcome at that subsequent wave. RESULTS Compared to repeated smoking (smoking at previous and subsequent wave), repeated nonsmoking (nonsmoking at previous and subsequent wave) was associated with greater likelihood of recent dieting (OR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.13, 2.23], p = .007) and future intention (OR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.61, 2.98], p < .001) and self-efficacy (OR = 1.64, 95% CI [1.21, 2.23], p = .002) to eat low calorie foods, and greater odds of excellent or very good self-rated health (OR = 2.47, 95% CI [1.53, 3.99], p < .001). Transitioning from smoking to nonsmoking was associated with greater self-efficacy to eat low calorie foods (OR = 1.89, 95% CI [1.1, 3.26], p = .021), and lower perceived stress (β = -0.69, 95% CI [-1.34, -0.05], p = .036). CONCLUSIONS We found significant longitudinal associations between smoking behavior and eating behavior, perceived stress, and self-rated health. These findings have implications for the development of multiple behavior change programs and community-level interventions and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tiffany L Gary-Webb
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Souza TCM, Oliveira LA, Daniel MM, Ferreira LG, Della Lucia CM, Liboredo JC, Anastácio LR. Lifestyle and eating habits before and during COVID-19 quarantine in Brazil. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:65-75. [PMID: 34108067 PMCID: PMC8280396 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002100255x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess changes in daily habits, food choices and lifestyle of adult Brazilians before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN This observational study was carried out with Brazilian adults through an online questionnaire 5 months after the social distance measures implementation. The McNemar, McNemar–Bowker and Wilcoxon tests were used to investigate differences before and during the COVID pandemic period, adopting the statistical significance of P < 0·05. SETTING Brazil. PARTICIPANTS Totally, 1368 volunteers aged 18+ years. RESULTS The volunteers reported a lower frequency of breakfast, morning and lunch snacks (P < 0·05) and a higher frequency of evening snacks and other meal categories during the pandemic period (P < 0·05). The results showed an increase in the consumption of bakery products, instant meals and fast food, while the consumption of vegetables and fruits decreased (P < 0·005). There was a significant increase in the frequency of consumption of alcoholic beverages (P < 0·001), but a reduction in the dose (P < 0·001), increased frequency of smoking (P = 0·007), an increase in sleep and screen time in hours and decrease in physical activity (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS It was possible to observe an increase in screen time, hours of sleep, smoking and drinking frequency. On the other hand, there was a reduction in the dose of alcoholic beverages but also in the practice of physical activity. Eating habits also changed, reducing the performance of daytime meals and increasing the performance of nighttime meals. The frequency of consumption of instant meals and fast food has increased, while consumption of fruits and vegetables has decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires CM Souza
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lívya A Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina M Daniel
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Lívia G Ferreira
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Ceres M Della Lucia
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Liboredo
- Department of Food, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucilene R Anastácio
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG31270-901, Brazil
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Barré T, Ramier C, Mounir I, Renaud D, Menvielle L, Marcellin F, Carrieri P, Protopopescu C, Cherikh F. Examining the Relationships between Mindfulness and Tobacco Craving Factors. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 57:656-659. [PMID: 34958288 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2019782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relationships between mindfulness and general craving have been documented. However, there is still no data regarding relationships between mindfulness and the different craving factors. METHODS Using data from an online survey among hospital workers smoking tobacco in France (n = 127), we performed linear regression models with the four craving factors as outcomes, and dispositional mindfulness as explanatory variable. RESULTS After adjusting for nicotine dependence, mindfulness was negatively associated with general craving and three out of four craving factors (emotionality, compulsivity and purposefulness, but not expectancy). CONCLUSIONS These results support the implementation of mindfulness-based interventions in the context of tobacco cessation attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Barré
- Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Ramier
- Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Izza Mounir
- Addictology Unit, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - David Renaud
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Institut Claude Pompidou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | - Fabienne Marcellin
- Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Camelia Protopopescu
- Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Faredj Cherikh
- Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
- Addictology Unit, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
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Borgogna JLC, Anastario M, Firemoon P, Rink E, Ricker A, Ravel J, Brotman RM, Yeoman CJ. Vaginal microbiota of American Indian women and associations with measures of psychosocial stress. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260813. [PMID: 34890405 PMCID: PMC8664215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular-bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by low levels of vaginal Lactobacillus species and is associated with higher risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Perceived psychosocial stress is associated with increased severity and persistence of infections, including STIs. American Indians have the highest rates of stress and high rates of STIs. The prevalence of molecular-BV among American Indian women is unknown. We sought to evaluate measures of psychosocial stress, such as historic loss (a multigenerational factor involving slavery, forced removal from one's land, legally ratified race-based segregation, and contemporary discrimination) and their association with the vaginal microbiota and specific metabolites associated with BV, in 70 Northwestern Plains American Indian women. Demographics, perceived psychosocial stressors, sexual practices, and known BV risk factors were assessed using a modified version of the American Indian Service Utilization, Psychiatric Epidemiology, Risk and Protective Factors Project survey. Self-collected mid-vaginal swabs were profiled for bacterial composition by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metabolites quantified by targeted liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. Sixty-six percent of the participants were classified as having molecular-BV, with the rest being either dominated by L. crispatus (10%) or L. iners (24%). High levels of lifetime trauma were associated with higher odds of having molecular-BV (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 2.5, 95% Credible Interval (CrI): 1.1-5.3). Measures of psychosocial stress, including historic loss and historic loss associated symptoms, were significantly associated with lifestyle and behavioral practices. Higher scores of lifetime trauma were associated with increased concentrations of spermine (aFC: 3.3, 95% CrI: 1.2-9.2). Historic loss associated symptoms and biogenic amines were the major correlates of molecular-BV. Historical loss associated symptoms and lifetime trauma are potentially important underlying factors associated with BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna-Lynn C. Borgogna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Michael Anastario
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Paula Firemoon
- Fort Peck Community College, Poplar, Montana, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Rink
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Adriann Ricker
- School of Public Health–Center for American Indian Health and School of Nursing, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M. Brotman
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carl J. Yeoman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
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Barré T, Mercié P, Marcellin F, Esterle L, Duvivier C, Teicher E, Bureau M, Chas J, Salmon-Céron D, Sogni P, Carrieri MP, Wittkop L, Protopopescu C. HCV Cure and Cannabis Abstinence Facilitate Tobacco Smoking Quit Attempts in HIV-HCV Co-Infected Patients (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH Cohort Study). AIDS Behav 2021; 25:4141-4153. [PMID: 33903998 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In Western countries, tobacco smoking is highly prevalent among patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the era of antiretrovirals and HCV cure, smoking-related health damages contribute greatly to morbidity and mortality in HIV-HCV co-infected patients. We used longitudinal data from the ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort to identify the correlates of tobacco smoking quit attempts (TSQA) in HIV-HCV co-infected patients. TSQA were modelled using a multivariable discrete-time Cox proportional hazards model in 695 HIV-HCV co-infected tobacco smokers. HCV cure was associated with a 76% higher chance of TSQA (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.76 [1.06-2.93], p = 0.029), and cannabis use with a 37% lower chance (0.63 [0.40-1.00], p = 0.049), independently of the mode of HIV transmission, other psychoactive substance use, and body mass index. Patients should be screened for tobacco and cannabis use at HCV treatment initiation and during follow-up. They should also be provided with comprehensive counselling and referral to addiction services. Non-smoking routes of cannabis administration should be promoted for cannabis users who wish to quit smoking tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Barré
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
- ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Mercié
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Pôle Médecine Interne, Service de Médecine Interne Et Immunologie Clinique, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center UMR 1219, CIC-EC 1401, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabienne Marcellin
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
- UMR 1252 SESSTIM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine, 3e étage - Aile Bleue, 27, boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 5, France.
| | - Laure Esterle
- ISPED, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team MORPH3EUS, UMR 1219, CIC-EC 1401, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claudine Duvivier
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, APHP-Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- IHU Imagine, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin-CNRS 8104-INSERM U1016-RIL Team: Retrovirus, Infection and Latency, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre Médical de L'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Elina Teicher
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, AP-HP Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France
- DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, France
- Service de Médecine Interne, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Morgane Bureau
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Chas
- Service Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Salmon-Céron
- Service Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Sogni
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Maria Patrizia Carrieri
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Linda Wittkop
- ISPED, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team MORPH3EUS, UMR 1219, CIC-EC 1401, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Service D'information Médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camelia Protopopescu
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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Jackson SE, Brown J, Shahab L, Steptoe A, Fancourt D. COVID-19, smoking and inequalities: a study of 53 002 adults in the UK. Tob Control 2021; 30:e111-e121. [PMID: 32826387 PMCID: PMC7445100 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine associations between smoking and COVID-19 relevant outcomes, taking into account the influence of inequalities and adjusting for potential confounding variables. METHODS Cross-sectional data were used from an online study of adults in the UK (n=53 002). Main outcome measures were confirmed and suspected COVID-19, worry about catching or becoming seriously ill from COVID-19 and adherence to protective behaviours. Covariates included age, sex, ethnicity, education (post-16 qualifications: yes/no), key worker status and comorbid health conditions. RESULTS Compared with never smokers (0.26% (95% CI 0.21% to 0.33%)), prevalence of confirmed COVID-19 was higher among current (0.56% (0.41% to 0.75%)) but not ex-smokers (0.19% (0.13% to 0.28%)). Associations were similar before (current: OR=2.14 (1.49-3.08); ex-smokers: OR=0.73 (0.47-1.14)) and after (current: OR=1.79 (1.22-2.62); ex-smokers: OR=0.85 (0.54-1.33)) adjustment. For current smokers, this was moderated by socio-economic position, with higher rates only seen in those without post-16 qualifications (OR=3.53 (2.04-6.10)). After including suspected cases, prevalence was higher among current smokers (11.2% (10.6% to 11.9%), OR=1.11 (1.03-1.20)) and ex-smokers (10.9% (10.4% to 11.5%), OR=1.07 (1.01-1.15)) than never smokers (10.2% (9.9% to 10.6%)), but remained higher only among ex-smokers after adjustment (OR=1.21 (1.13-1.29)). Current and ex-smokers had higher odds than never smokers of reporting significant stress about becoming seriously ill from COVID-19 (current: OR=1.34 (1.27-1.43); ex-smokers: OR=1.22 (1.16-1.28)). Adherence to recommendations to prevent spread of COVID-19 was high (96.3% (96.1% to 96.4%)), but lower among current than never smokers (OR=0.70 (0.62-0.78)). CONCLUSIONS In a population sample, current smoking was independently associated with self-reported confirmed COVID-19 infection. There were socio-economic disparities, with the association only apparent among those without post-16 qualifications. Smokers reported lower adherence to guidelines despite being more worried than non-smokers about catching or becoming seriously ill from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Poles' Nutritional and Health Behaviour and Quality of Life-A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010656. [PMID: 34682403 PMCID: PMC8535850 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which has lasted for over a year, has affected everyone’s lives. It is interesting to examine how populations cope with the new situation and to learn about the impact of the epidemic on quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in selected elements of lifestyle compared to the pre-pandemic period among adult Polish residents. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on selected features of quality of life was examined. It was found that, for some distinguishing factors (i.e., quality of life, health status and sleep quality), there were no statistically significant differences. Other distinguishing factors (i.e., ability to perform daily living activities, ability to work and personal relationships) were statistically different. Another part of the study was to assess changes in the frequency of consumption of specific food groups. The vast majority of respondents declared no changes in the frequency of consumption of selected food products. The majority of respondents declared that the COVID-19 pandemic did not cause a change in the frequency of drug use (i.e., cigarettes, alcohol and coffee).
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Hartmann-Boyce J, Theodoulou A, Farley A, Hajek P, Lycett D, Jones LL, Kudlek L, Heath L, Hajizadeh A, Schenkels M, Aveyard P. Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 10:CD006219. [PMID: 34611902 PMCID: PMC8493442 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006219.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people who stop smoking gain weight. This can discourage some people from making a quit attempt and risks offsetting some, but not all, of the health advantages of quitting. Interventions to prevent weight gain could improve health outcomes, but there is a concern that they may undermine quitting. OBJECTIVES To systematically review the effects of: (1) interventions targeting post-cessation weight gain on weight change and smoking cessation (referred to as 'Part 1') and (2) interventions designed to aid smoking cessation that plausibly affect post-cessation weight gain (referred to as 'Part 2'). SEARCH METHODS Part 1 - We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialized Register and CENTRAL; latest search 16 October 2020. Part 2 - We searched included studies in the following 'parent' Cochrane reviews: nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), antidepressants, nicotine receptor partial agonists, e-cigarettes, and exercise interventions for smoking cessation published in Issue 10, 2020 of the Cochrane Library. We updated register searches for the review of nicotine receptor partial agonists. SELECTION CRITERIA Part 1 - trials of interventions that targeted post-cessation weight gain and had measured weight at any follow-up point or smoking cessation, or both, six or more months after quit day. Part 2 - trials included in the selected parent Cochrane reviews reporting weight change at any time point. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Screening and data extraction followed standard Cochrane methods. Change in weight was expressed as difference in weight change from baseline to follow-up between trial arms and was reported only in people abstinent from smoking. Abstinence from smoking was expressed as a risk ratio (RR). Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis using the inverse variance method for weight, and Mantel-Haenszel method for smoking. MAIN RESULTS Part 1: We include 37 completed studies; 21 are new to this update. We judged five studies to be at low risk of bias, 17 to be at unclear risk and the remainder at high risk. An intermittent very low calorie diet (VLCD) comprising full meal replacement provided free of charge and accompanied by intensive dietitian support significantly reduced weight gain at end of treatment compared with education on how to avoid weight gain (mean difference (MD) -3.70 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) -4.82 to -2.58; 1 study, 121 participants), but there was no evidence of benefit at 12 months (MD -1.30 kg, 95% CI -3.49 to 0.89; 1 study, 62 participants). The VLCD increased the chances of abstinence at 12 months (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.73; 1 study, 287 participants). However, a second study found that no-one completed the VLCD intervention or achieved abstinence. Interventions aimed at increasing acceptance of weight gain reported mixed effects at end of treatment, 6 months and 12 months with confidence intervals including both increases and decreases in weight gain compared with no advice or health education. Due to high heterogeneity, we did not combine the data. These interventions increased quit rates at 6 months (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.96; 4 studies, 619 participants; I2 = 21%), but there was no evidence at 12 months (RR 1.25, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.06; 2 studies, 496 participants; I2 = 26%). Some pharmacological interventions tested for limiting post-cessation weight gain (PCWG) reduced weight gain at the end of treatment (dexfenfluramine, phenylpropanolamine, naltrexone). The effects of ephedrine and caffeine combined, lorcaserin, and chromium were too imprecise to give useful estimates of treatment effects. There was very low-certainty evidence that personalized weight management support reduced weight gain at end of treatment (MD -1.11 kg, 95% CI -1.93 to -0.29; 3 studies, 121 participants; I2 = 0%), but no evidence in the longer-term 12 months (MD -0.44 kg, 95% CI -2.34 to 1.46; 4 studies, 530 participants; I2 = 41%). There was low to very low-certainty evidence that detailed weight management education without personalized assessment, planning and feedback did not reduce weight gain and may have reduced smoking cessation rates (12 months: MD -0.21 kg, 95% CI -2.28 to 1.86; 2 studies, 61 participants; I2 = 0%; RR for smoking cessation 0.66, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.90; 2 studies, 522 participants; I2 = 0%). Part 2: We include 83 completed studies, 27 of which are new to this update. There was low certainty that exercise interventions led to minimal or no weight reduction compared with standard care at end of treatment (MD -0.25 kg, 95% CI -0.78 to 0.29; 4 studies, 404 participants; I2 = 0%). However, weight was reduced at 12 months (MD -2.07 kg, 95% CI -3.78 to -0.36; 3 studies, 182 participants; I2 = 0%). Both bupropion and fluoxetine limited weight gain at end of treatment (bupropion MD -1.01 kg, 95% CI -1.35 to -0.67; 10 studies, 1098 participants; I2 = 3%); (fluoxetine MD -1.01 kg, 95% CI -1.49 to -0.53; 2 studies, 144 participants; I2 = 38%; low- and very low-certainty evidence, respectively). There was no evidence of benefit at 12 months for bupropion, but estimates were imprecise (bupropion MD -0.26 kg, 95% CI -1.31 to 0.78; 7 studies, 471 participants; I2 = 0%). No studies of fluoxetine provided data at 12 months. There was moderate-certainty that NRT reduced weight at end of treatment (MD -0.52 kg, 95% CI -0.99 to -0.05; 21 studies, 2784 participants; I2 = 81%) and moderate-certainty that the effect may be similar at 12 months (MD -0.37 kg, 95% CI -0.86 to 0.11; 17 studies, 1463 participants; I2 = 0%), although the estimates are too imprecise to assess long-term benefit. There was mixed evidence of the effect of varenicline on weight, with high-certainty evidence that weight change was very modestly lower at the end of treatment (MD -0.23 kg, 95% CI -0.53 to 0.06; 14 studies, 2566 participants; I2 = 32%); a low-certainty estimate gave an imprecise estimate of higher weight at 12 months (MD 1.05 kg, 95% CI -0.58 to 2.69; 3 studies, 237 participants; I2 = 0%). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Overall, there is no intervention for which there is moderate certainty of a clinically useful effect on long-term weight gain. There is also no moderate- or high-certainty evidence that interventions designed to limit weight gain reduce the chances of people achieving abstinence from smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Hartmann-Boyce
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annika Theodoulou
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amanda Farley
- Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter Hajek
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Deborah Lycett
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Laura L Jones
- Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura Kudlek
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Heath
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anisa Hajizadeh
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Paul Aveyard
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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From planning to action in smoking cessation: Demographic and psychological symptom dimensions related to readiness to quit smoking. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Hegaard HK, Rom AL, Christensen KB, Broberg L, Høgh S, Christiansen CH, Nathan NO, de Wolff MG, Damm P. Lifestyle Habits among Pregnant Women in Denmark during the First COVID-19 Lockdown Compared with a Historical Period-A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7128. [PMID: 34281064 PMCID: PMC8297181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The first national lockdown in Denmark due to the COVID-19 pandemic was declared on 11 March 2020. From this date, national restrictions were imposed. We aimed to assess the potential influence of this first nationwide lockdown on exercise, alcohol consumption, and smoking in early pregnancy. Using a cross-sectional study based on routinely collected patient-reported data, we compared the lifestyle habits of women who were pregnant during the first phase of the pandemic (COVID-19 group) (n = 685) with those of women who were pregnant the year before (Historical group) (n = 787). We found a reduction in any exercise (PR = 0.91, 95% CI (0.84 to 0.99), in adherence to national recommendations of exercise (PR = 0.89, 95% CI (0.80 to 0.99), in cycling (15% vs. 28%, p < 0.0001), and swimming (0.3% vs. 3%, p = 0.0002) in the COVID-19 group compared with the Historical group. The prevalence of binge drinking was reduced in the COVID-19 group compared with the Historical group (PR = 0.80, 95% CI (0.68 to 0.93). In contrast, the prevalence of any weekly alcohol consumption and smoking cessation during pregnancy was similar between groups. Our findings indicate that national restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the lifestyle habits of pregnant women and should be addressed in antenatal counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Kristine Hegaard
- Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.L.R.); (L.B.); (S.H.); (N.O.N.); (M.G.d.W.); (P.D.)
- The Juliane Marie Centre, The Research Unit for Women’s and Children’s Health, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ane Lilleøre Rom
- Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.L.R.); (L.B.); (S.H.); (N.O.N.); (M.G.d.W.); (P.D.)
- The Juliane Marie Centre, The Research Unit for Women’s and Children’s Health, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Karl Bang Christensen
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Østre Farimagsgade 5, 1353 K Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lotte Broberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.L.R.); (L.B.); (S.H.); (N.O.N.); (M.G.d.W.); (P.D.)
- The Juliane Marie Centre, The Research Unit for Women’s and Children’s Health, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Stinne Høgh
- Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.L.R.); (L.B.); (S.H.); (N.O.N.); (M.G.d.W.); (P.D.)
- The Juliane Marie Centre, The Research Unit for Women’s and Children’s Health, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Holm Christiansen
- The Juliane Marie Centre, The Research Unit for Women’s and Children’s Health, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Nina Olsen Nathan
- Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.L.R.); (L.B.); (S.H.); (N.O.N.); (M.G.d.W.); (P.D.)
- The Juliane Marie Centre, The Research Unit for Women’s and Children’s Health, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Mie Gaarskjaer de Wolff
- Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.L.R.); (L.B.); (S.H.); (N.O.N.); (M.G.d.W.); (P.D.)
- The Juliane Marie Centre, The Research Unit for Women’s and Children’s Health, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Peter Damm
- Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.L.R.); (L.B.); (S.H.); (N.O.N.); (M.G.d.W.); (P.D.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jackson SE, Garnett C, Shahab L, Oldham M, Brown J. Association of the COVID-19 lockdown with smoking, drinking and attempts to quit in England: an analysis of 2019-20 data. Addiction 2021; 116:1233-1244. [PMID: 33089562 PMCID: PMC8436745 DOI: 10.1111/add.15295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine changes in smoking, drinking and quitting/reduction behaviour following the COVID-19 lockdown in England. DESIGN/SETTING Monthly cross-sectional surveys representative of the adult population in England, aggregated before (April 2019-February 2020) versus after (April 2020) lockdown. PARTICIPANTS A total of 20 558 adults (≥ 16 years). MEASUREMENTS The independent variable was the timing of the COVID-19 lockdown (before versus after March 2020). Dependent variables were: prevalence of smoking and high-risk drinking, past-year cessation and quit attempts (among past-year smokers), past-year attempts to reduce alcohol consumption (among high-risk drinkers) and use of evidence-based (e.g. prescription medication/face-to-face behavioural support) and remote support [telephone support/websites/applications (apps)] for smoking cessation and alcohol reduction (among smokers/high-risk drinkers who made a quit/reduction attempt). Covariates included age, sex, social grade, region and level of nicotine and alcohol dependence (as relevant). FINDINGS The COVID-19 lockdown was not associated with a significant change in smoking prevalence [17.0% (after) versus 15.9% (before), odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.95-1.24], but was associated with increases in quit attempts [39.6 versus 29.1%, adjusted odds ratio (ORadj ) = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.23-1.98], quit success (21.3 versus 13.9%, ORadj = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.22-3.33) and cessation (8.8 versus 4.1%, ORadj = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.69-4.09) among past-year smokers. Among smokers who tried to quit, there was no significant change in use of evidence-based support (50.0 versus 51.5%, ORadj = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.72-1.68) but use of remote support increased (10.9 versus 2.7%, ORadj = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.56-8.23). Lockdown was associated with increases in high-risk drinking (38.3 versus 25.1%, OR = 1.85, CI = 1.67-2.06), but also alcohol reduction attempts by high-risk drinkers (28.5 versus 15.3%, ORadj = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.77-2.64). Among high-risk drinkers who made a reduction attempt, use of evidence-based support decreased (1.2 versus 4.0%, ORadj = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.05-0.97) and there was no significant change in use of remote support (6.9 versus 6.1%, ORadj = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.64-2.75). CONCLUSIONS Following the March 2020 COVID-19 lockdown, smokers and high-risk drinkers in England were more likely than before lockdown to report trying to quit smoking or reduce alcohol consumption and rates of smoking cessation and use of remote cessation support were higher. However, high-risk drinking prevalence increased post-lockdown and use of evidence-based support for alcohol reduction by high-risk drinkers decreased with no compensatory increase in use of remote support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College LondonUK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, LondonUK
| | - Claire Garnett
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College LondonUK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, LondonUK
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College LondonUK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, LondonUK
| | - Melissa Oldham
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College LondonUK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, LondonUK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College LondonUK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, LondonUK
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Buhelt LP, Pisinger C, Andreasen AH. Smoking and stress in the general population in Denmark. Tob Prev Cessat 2021; 7:27. [PMID: 33860112 PMCID: PMC8040741 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/132712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The social pressure placed on smokers today might potentially lead to an increasing level of stress. We investigated if the proportion of persons with high stress level had increased over time more in smokers than in non-smokers. METHODS Data were obtained from repeated cross-sectional surveys of The Capital Region Health Survey conducted in 2010, 2013 and 2017. Survey data were weighted for survey design and non-response, and linked to national register data. Cohens Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) score was used. Logistic regression analyses, based on 136608 citizens’ self-reports, were adjusted for sex, age, education level, employment, and alcohol intake (and loneliness, in analysis investigating the associations between tobacco consumption and high stress level). RESULTS A significantly higher proportion of citizens reported a high stress level in 2017 compared with 2010 and 2013 but there was not a greater increase in smokers than in non-smokers. Daily smoking men had 69% higher odds of reporting perceived high stress level and daily smoking women had 36% higher odds, than never smokers of the same sex. There was a significant trend between higher daily tobacco consumption and a higher proportion of smokers with high stress level. CONCLUSIONS The increase in high stress level over time occurred independently of smoking status. Daily smokers had the highest odds of perceived high stress level, and a higher daily tobacco consumption was associated with a higher proportion of smokers with high stress level. Smoking cessation programs should, to a higher degree, consider implementing stress-coping elements to prevent relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lone P Buhelt
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotta Pisinger
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne H Andreasen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Taylor GMJ, Sawyer K, Kessler D, Munafò MR, Aveyard P, Shaw A. Views about integrating smoking cessation treatment within psychological services for patients with common mental illness: A multi-perspective qualitative study. Health Expect 2021; 24:411-420. [PMID: 33368996 PMCID: PMC8077097 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking rates are significantly higher in people with common mental illness compared to those without. Smoking cessation treatment could be offered as part of usual outpatient psychological care, but currently is not. OBJECTIVE To understand patient and health care professionals' views about integrating smoking cessation treatment into outpatient psychological services for common mental illness. DESIGN Qualitative in-depth interviews, with thematic analysis. PARTICIPANTS Eleven Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) psychological wellbeing practitioners (PWPs), six IAPT patients, and six stop smoking advisors were recruited from English smoking cessation, and IAPT services. RESULTS Patients reported psychological benefits from smoking, and also described smoking as a form of self-harm. Stop smoking advisors displayed therapeutic pessimism and stigmatizing attitudes towards helping people with mental illness to quit smoking. PWPs have positive attitudes towards smoking cessation treatment for people with common mental illness. PWPs and patients accept evidence that smoking tobacco may harm mental health, and quitting might benefit mental health. PWPs report expertise in helping people with common mental illness to make behavioural changes in the face of mood disturbances and low motivation. PWPs felt confident in offering smoking cessation treatments to patients, but suggested a caseload reduction may be required to deliver smoking cessation support in IAPT. CONCLUSIONS IAPT appears to be a natural environment for smoking cessation treatment. PWPs may need additional training, and a caseload reduction. Integration of smoking cessation treatment into IAPT services should be tested in a pilot and feasibility study. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Service users and members of the public were involved in study design and interpretation of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M. J. Taylor
- Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM)Department of PsychologyUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Katherine Sawyer
- Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM)Department of PsychologyUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - David Kessler
- Centre for Academic Primary CareBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitSchool of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Paul Aveyard
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Alison Shaw
- Centre for Academic Primary CareBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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