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Pei D, Popova L, Chowdhury P, Shi J, Njie G. Exposure to anti- and pro-smoking messages among adults in China: Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2018. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304028. [PMID: 38870150 PMCID: PMC11175413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE For decades, tobacco advertisements and promotions have been common in mass media and public places in China. In 2015, China amended the Advertising Law to prohibit the distribution of tobacco advertising, while also initiating waves of tobacco control media campaigns. This study investigates the associations between exposure to anti- and pro-smoking messages, smoking status, and people's smoking-related beliefs and willingness to support tobacco control policies. METHODS A secondary data analysis was performed with the 2018 Global Adult Tobacco Survey of 19,376 adults aged ≥15 years in China. Anti- and pro-smoking message exposures were measured as the sum of sources (media or places) where respondents have seen the messages. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among smoking status, message exposure, and the outcome variables (health harm beliefs, support for increasing tax on cigarettes, support for using part of the increased tax on tobacco control) controlling for smoking status and demographic differences. RESULTS Overall, 63.3% of the respondents reported being exposed to anti-smoking messages from at least 1 source, while 18.1% were exposed to pro-smoking messages from at least 1 source. Adults who currently, formerly, and never smoked differed in their beliefs about smoking and willingness to support tobacco control policies. Greater reported exposure to anti-smoking messages was positively associated with belief that smoking is harmful, support for increased cigarette tax, and support for using increased tax revenue for tobacco control measures. Meanwhile, greater reported exposure to pro-smoking messages was negatively related to willingness to support cigarette tax increases. CONCLUSIONS While national and local tobacco control campaigns in China have reached a large proportion of the adult population, there is still room for improvement. China might consider expanding anti-tobacco campaigns, as reported exposure to these messages is associated with increased public awareness of the health hazards of smoking and support for increasing cigarette taxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Pei
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lucy Popova
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pranesh Chowdhury
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jing Shi
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Noninfectious Disease Programs, CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gibril Njie
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Zhang L, Ao SH, Zhao X. A four-year longitudinal analysis examining the effects of e-cigarette advertisements and disparities among youth with internalizing problems. Addict Behav 2024; 153:108002. [PMID: 38430643 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research indicates a direct, short-term effect of e-cigarette advertising on e-cigarette use among youth. This study seeks to investigate the long-term effects of e-cigarette advertisements and disparities in exposure among adolescents with different levels of internalizing problems. METHODS Panel data of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Waves 3-5 (2015-2019) were analyzed. Youth aged 12-17 who were non-e-cigarette users at the time of Wave 3 were included (n = 4,678). A moderated mediation model was employed to examine the mediating role of perceived harm of e-cigarettes and the moderating effect of internalizing problems. RESULTS Exposure to e-cigarette advertisements in Wave 3 predicted lower harm perception of e-cigarette in Wave 4 (bp = -0.055, p <.01), leading to more e-cigarette use in Wave 5 (bp = -0.042, p <.001). While e-cigarette advertisements exhibited a lasting indirect effect (bp = 0.002, p <.05), there was no long-term direct effect (bp = 0.017, p >.05) on youth e-cigarette use. Furthermore, a moderating effect of internalizing problems was observed (bp = 0.107, p <.05). CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette advertisements can exert a lasting influence indirectly by diminishing harm perception, particularly among those with lower internalizing problems. Adolescents with higher internalizing problems exhibit lower susceptibility to advertisement influence, yet their perceived harm of e-cigarettes is notably lower than their peers with fewer internalizing problems. These disparities underscore the need for tailored prevention strategies: implementing anti-e-cigarette education programs for adolescents with low internalizing problems and providing mental health care for those facing internalizing challenges. Regulatory measures targeting e-cigarette advertising are also crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Zhang
- Department of Communication / Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Song Harris Ao
- Department of Communication / Institute of Collaborative Innovation / Center for Research in Greater Bay Area, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Xinshu Zhao
- Department of Communication / Institute of Collaborative Innovation / Center for Research in Greater Bay Area, University of Macau, Macau.
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Tripathy JP, Lakshmi PVM. Patterns of exposure to smoked tobacco advertisements among youths in India and its association with smoked tobacco use: a Latent Class Analysis. Public Health 2023; 223:156-161. [PMID: 37657138 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Youths are exposed to multiple sources of tobacco advertisements. We sought to examine patterns of exposure to smoked tobacco advertisements through various modes among Indian youths and its association with smoked tobacco use. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey design. METHODS We utilised data from the national Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2016-17 in India, which covered adults >15 years of age. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to examine patterns of exposure to tobacco advertisements through various modes (television, radio, cinema, internet, posters, billboards, public transportation, public walls, stores, newspaper) among youths. Classes were compared across sociodemographic and tobacco use-related characteristics. Various model-fit statistics (Akaike, Bayesian and sample size-adjusted Bayesian Information Criteria, likelihood-ratio tests and, Entropy) and meaningfulness of the classes were used to select the number of latent classes. RESULTS Three distinct latent classes were identified in terms of exposure to smoked tobacco products advertisements: "Multimodal exposure" (n = 448, 4.0%), "low exposure" (n = 9584, 86.0%), and "Television and stores" (n = 1116, 10.0%). There were significant differences between classes emerged on sociodemographics (age, sex, residence, education, wealth quintile, region). The "Multimodal exposure" class was associated with current tobacco smoking (odds ratio [OR]: 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-3.0, P-value <0.001) and cigarette use (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-3.4, P-value <0.001) compared to the "low exposure" class. CONCLUSIONS Youths could be grouped into three classes based on their exposure to smoked tobacco product advertisements. The "Multimodal exposure" class with a distinct profile was significantly associated with smoked tobacco use among youths. This evidence supports complete ban on all forms of tobacco advertisements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Prasad Tripathy
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India.
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Phan L, Seyl C, Chen-Sankey J, Niederdeppe J, Guy MC, Sterling KL, Choi K. Exploring Young Adults' Beliefs About Cigar Smoking by Susceptibility: A Belief Elicitation Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:1648-1658. [PMID: 37294098 PMCID: PMC10445255 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young adults are at risk for cigar smoking, which is associated with cancers and pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Little is known about young adults' beliefs about smoking cigarillos, little filtered cigars, and large cigars, and how these beliefs may vary across cigar types and by cigar susceptibility. AIMS AND METHODS The larger study surveyed a U.S. sample of young adults (18-30 years old) who never used tobacco products (n = 948) through Qualtrics online panel services in August 2021-January 2022. We assessed participants' susceptibility to using different cigar types. Participants were randomly assigned to open-ended questions about one of the three cigar types to elicit behavioral, normative, and control beliefs. We conducted thematic analysis to code emergent themes within each belief and examined the frequency of reported themes at the intersection of cigar type and cigar susceptibility. RESULTS Cigar susceptible participants reported positive behavioral beliefs (eg, anticipated relaxation, mood regulation, being cool), friends as supportive referents, and easy-to-smoke control beliefs (eg, high accessibility, low cost) more frequently than non-susceptible participants. Varied frequency by cigar type also emerged. For example, cigarillo and little filtered cigar features were mentioned more frequently as easy-to-smoke control beliefs, while low accessibility was reported more frequently as a hard-to-smoke control belief for large cigars. CONCLUSIONS Findings identify salient beliefs about cigarillo, little filtered cigar, and large cigar smoking among young adult tobacco never-users. Future research should investigate the potential importance of these beliefs in cigar smoking susceptibility and initiation among young adults, and their potential utility in prevention research. IMPLICATIONS This thematic analysis identified salient beliefs about cigarillos, little filtered cigars, and large cigars among a U.S. young adult sample, and differentiated emergent beliefs by cigar susceptibility status and by cigar type. Given the lack of cigar smoking prevention media campaigns, identifying these beliefs is the one of the first steps in developing effective cigar smoking prevention strategies. Future quantitative studies are needed to confirm the relationships between these beliefs and smoking initiation of each cigar type to further inform the types of beliefs to be targeted in strategic communication and help prevent cigar smoking initiation among susceptible young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilianna Phan
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christen Seyl
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Julia Chen-Sankey
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- School of Public Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jeff Niederdeppe
- Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Department of Communication, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Mignonne C Guy
- Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kymberle L Sterling
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, Dallas, TX
| | - Kelvin Choi
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland
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Maheta B, Khan A, Skinner S, Dove M. Initial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on tobacco use among college students in California. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37487206 PMCID: PMC10805952 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2232458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the change in tobacco use by college students in California during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: Young adults (18-24 years) currently enrolled in a California college or university (N = 212). Methods: Students recruited through social media posts and by student tobacco advocate members completed an online survey of 59 questions in Spring 2021. Results: Almost 80% of current tobacco users reported a change in tobacco use during the pandemic. Most current tobacco users who changed their tobacco use reported an increase in use during the pandemic (43.2%) and 38.7% reported a decrease in use. Conclusion: As a result of COVID-19, many college students changed their tobacco use. As students return to campus and COVID-19 regulations are lifted, this may be an ideal time for prevention and cessation messages, which could include information on health risks associated with tobacco and e-cigarette use, and healthy methods for stress reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afroze Khan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley
| | | | - Melanie Dove
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis
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Pasch KE, Thomas JE, North C, Marti CN, Loukas A. Exposure to tobacco retail outlet tobacco marketing and initiation of cigarette and e-cigarette use: Depressive symptoms as a moderator. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109935. [PMID: 37230003 PMCID: PMC11214589 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While tobacco retail outlet (TRO) marketing exposure has been associated with tobacco use, little research has explored how this relationship may vary by the experience of depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine if the relationship between TRO tobacco marketing exposure and tobacco use initiation is moderated by depressive symptoms among young adults. METHODS Participants were drawn from 24 colleges in Texas who were participating in a multi-wave cohort study (2014-2019). The present study included 2020 cigarette or ENDS naïve participants at wave 2 (69.2% female; 32.1% white; m age=20.6 [SD=2.0] at wave 1). Generalized mixed-effects logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between cigarette and ENDS TRO marketing exposure and subsequent initiation for both products with depressive symptoms as a moderator. RESULTS The interaction between cigarette marketing and depressive symptoms was significant (OR=1.38 95% CI=[1.04,1.83]). Cigarette marketing did not impact cigarette initiation among participants with low depressive symptoms (OR=0.96 95% CI= [0.64,1.45]), but did impact cigarette initiation among participants with high depressive symptoms (OR=1.83 95% CI=[1.23,2.74]). There was no interaction effect for ENDS initiation. Main effects showed that ENDS marketing exposure predicted ENDS initiation (OR=1.43 95% CI=[1.10,1.87]). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to tobacco marketing at TROs is an important risk factor for initiation of cigarette and ENDS use, particularly for cigarette initiation among those who experience greater levels of depressive symptoms. Future work is needed to better understand why this type of marketing is influential for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keryn E Pasch
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Jacob E Thomas
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Caroline North
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - C Nathan Marti
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra Loukas
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Willingness to Use Commercial Nicotine Gums, Lozenges, and Gummies Among Nontobacco Using Adolescents in Southern California. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:277-286. [PMID: 36470691 PMCID: PMC9994582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE New oral nicotine products (ONPs), often advertised as "tobacco-free" (i.e., pouches, gum, lozenges, gummies), come in nontobacco flavors appealing to adolescents. It is unknown how adolescent willingness to use ONPs differs by product type and flavor, and whether sociodemographic disparities exist. METHODS Adolescent never tobacco product users (n = 1, 289) in ninth or 10th grade from 11 high schools in Southern California were surveyed in fall 2021 about ever and past 6-month use of ONPs and sociodemographic characteristics. Adolescents were randomized to view five different ONPs in either fruit or mint flavor, and asked to rate their willingness to use each product. Multivariable logistic random effect-repeated measures regression examined associations of product type, flavor, and sociodemographic characteristics with any willingness to use ONPs. RESULTS Compared to traditional smokeless tobacco (willingness = 17.8%), adolescents reported greater willingness to use ONPs (gum, 28.2%; pouches, 21.1%; lozenge, 22.4%; gummies, 24.1%); adjusted odd ratios [aORs] 1.25-1.84; p-values<.001). Mint flavor (23.3%) compared to fruit flavor (21.4%), significantly increased odds of willingness to use across all ONPs (aOR [95%CI] = 1.15 [1.05, 1.26], p = .004). Younger adolescents (ninth, 24.2% vs. 10th grade, 21.4%) and LGBTQ+ (34.2%) versus heterosexual (19.7%) and cisgender (18.8%) adolescents were more willing to use these products. DISCUSSION Adolescents reported greater willingness to use new ONPs compared to traditional smokeless tobacco. Adolescents who were younger (vs. older adolescents) or identified as LGBTQ+ (vs. heterosexual and cisgender) were more willing to use new ONPs. Efforts to monitor adolescents' willingness to use and actual use of these products are warranted.
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Tabangcura KR, Taketa R, Kawamoto CT, Amin S, Sussman S, Okamoto SK, Pokhrel P. Peer Crowds and Tobacco Product Use in Hawai'i: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1029. [PMID: 36673785 PMCID: PMC9859235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults often derive self-identity from affiliation with peer crowds, which may be defined as reputation-based peer groups centered around characterizable lifestyle norms. Little is known about peer crowds prevalent among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and other Pacific Islander (AANHPI) populations and the peer crowds' normative tobacco and other substance use behavior. To address this gap in knowledge, this study conducted focus groups with young adult community college students. METHODS Focus group discussions were conducted with a convenience sample of 42 young adults (Mean age = 21.5, SD = 2.7) recruited across community colleges on O'ahu, Hawai'i. The participants represented 60% women, 55% NHPI, and 29% Asian American. RESULTS Results indicated the presence of a wide range of peer crowds in the population, which may be classified into the following seven categories prevalent in the literature: Regular, Academic, Alternative, Athlete, Geek, High Risk, and Popular. Several peer crowds within the Alternative, Athlete, Geek, High Risk, and Popular categories appeared to represent subcultures relevant for NHPI young adults. High-risk peer crowds were reported to be vulnerable to different types of substance use. Tobacco product use, particularly e-cigarette use or vaping, was noted to be characteristically present among Popular crowds and certain Athlete crowds. CONCLUSION Tobacco and other substance use prevention interventions, such as mass media campaigns, may benefit from targeting high-risk peer crowds, especially those relevant for NHPI young adults, who are at high risk for tobacco and other substance use. E-cigarette use prevention interventions may benefit from paying close attention to vulnerable Popular and Athlete groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayzel R. Tabangcura
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Rachel Taketa
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Crissy T. Kawamoto
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Samia Amin
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Steve Sussman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, SSB 302A 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Scott K. Okamoto
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Pallav Pokhrel
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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Pareja Llerena ML, Hernández-Vásquez A, Basualdo-Meléndez GW, Azañedo D. Association between exposure to different sources of advertising and the use of conventional cigarettes in Peruvian adolescents, 2019. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:60. [PMID: 37192887 PMCID: PMC10182562 DOI: 10.18332/tid/162326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between exposure to different sources of tobacco advertising and the consumption of conventional cigarettes in Peruvian adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analytical study of secondary data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2019 in Peru. The population consisted of adolescents aged 13-15 years. Generalized Linear Poisson family models were used to estimate prevalence ratios with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), which measured the strength of the association between exposure to advertising sources and conventional cigarette consumption. RESULTS Data from 2083 adolescents who provided information on exposure to television advertising, 1092 on outdoor advertising, and 2008 about online advertising were analyzed. A higher probability of conventional cigarette consumption was noted in those exposed to ads via television (aPR=1.85; 95% CI: 1.28-2.69; p=0.002) and online (aPR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.40-2.58; p<0.001), in comparison with those not exposed. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) through television and online media are significantly associated with an increase in the consumption of conventional cigarettes among adolescents aged 13-15 years. Therefore, it is necessary to implement comprehensive bans on TAPS in Peru focused on these media to prevent the tobacco industry from continuing to introduce advertising to encourage tobacco consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akram Hernández-Vásquez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Diego Azañedo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
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Lund L, Bast LS, Rubæk M, Andersen S. Exploring factors associated with smokeless tobacco use among young people: A systematic scoping review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 240:109627. [PMID: 36167002 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While smoking is declining among young people, smokeless tobacco use is increasing. Identifying who is using smokeless tobacco and why is essential in preventing smokeless tobacco use. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the factors of young people's use of smokeless tobacco in western countries and identify research gaps. METHODS We conducted a systematic scoping review of studies that examined factors associated with smokeless tobacco use among young people (ages 13-29) from western countries published between January 2011 and September 2021. Searches were conducted in CINAHL, Medline, and Scopus. Studies on adults, total tobacco use (i.e., did not differentiate between tobacco product types), dual and multiple uses of tobacco, and studies on smokeless tobacco cessation programs were excluded. RESULTS A total of 160 studies were included in this scoping review. The studies were primarily undertaken in the US and the Scandinavian countries, and the majority explored smokeless tobacco use without distinguishing between the specific types. Smokeless tobacco users were more likely to be male, non-Hispanic white, engaging in physical activity, and using other substances, including cigarettes and alcohol. The role of friends and family were identified as critical factors that were related to the use of smokeless tobacco. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review suggests that preventative measures against smokeless tobacco use should focus on peer and family members' roles and that these measures may benefit from targeting males. Additional research, including systematic reviews on this area to validate the identified associated factors, would improve the understanding of smokeless tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Lund
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lotus Sofie Bast
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mette Rubæk
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Susan Andersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Singh PK, Jain R, Tyagi A, Yadav A, Singh S. Smokeless tobacco industry's brand stretching through FM radio: A study from Delhi National Capital Region, India. Front Public Health 2022; 10:999552. [PMID: 36311609 PMCID: PMC9616108 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.999552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption is associated with multiple adverse health effects and mortality, with the highest burden in India. The WHO FCTC has banned tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorship via Article 13. Indian laws also prohibit any kind of direct or indirect advertisements in all forms of audio, visual, and print media; brand promotion; and sponsorship of tobacco products. However, the tobacco industry continues to find aggressive marketing ways to advertise their products. This study aims to assess the extent of surrogate advertisement of smokeless tobacco products through frequency modulation (FM) radio stations in the city of Delhi (National Capital Territory of India). In this study, the advertisements broadcasted over FM radio across different channels (private and government owned) in total 162 h were analyzed. The time duration was spread evenly over morning peak hours, off hours, and evening peak hours. It was found that multiple brands including Vimal, Kamla Pasand, and Rajshree have used surrogate advertising to market their brands that are commonly associated with smokeless tobacco products. However, no such advertisement was found to be aired on government-owned FM channels. The total surrogate advertisements broadcasted were over 286 times, where no significant difference was found in distribution among peak and non-peak hours. The study indicated that the tobacco industry is making its way to sell the products through indirect advertisements. The need of the hour is to not only enforce tobacco advertising ban laws in all forms of advertising media but also to strictly regulate smokeless tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar Singh
- Division of Preventive Oncology and Population Health, WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India,*Correspondence: Prashant Kumar Singh
| | - Rupal Jain
- Division of Preventive Oncology and Population Health, WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akansha Tyagi
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Amit Yadav
- The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) South East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- Division of Preventive Oncology and Population Health, WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lee DN, Liu J, Keller-Hamilton B, Patterson JG, Wedel AV, Vázquez-Otero C, Stevens EM. Associations between perceived source credibility, e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette ad perceptions. Prev Med Rep 2022; 28:101862. [PMID: 35733610 PMCID: PMC9207267 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of e-cigarettes among U.S. adults remains high, and aggressive industry advertising is a contributor. Consumer opinions of the e-cigarette industry's credibility can influence e-cigarette product and ad perceptions. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of perceived source credibility of e-cigarette ads and consumer attitudes toward e-cigarette ads and product use. In October 2021, we conducted a survey using an online convenience sample (N = 497, Mage = 31.9). Participants viewed two randomly selected e-cigarette ads and were asked questions regarding source credibility, perceptions of the ads, and e-cigarette use. Linear mixed effects models with random intercepts were used to estimate associations between perceived source credibility with perceived ad relevance, effectiveness, liking, product use interest, and e-cigarette harms perceptions. We also tested whether associations between perceived source credibility and ad and e-cigarette perceptions were moderated by e-cigarette use. Models controlled for cigarette smoking status, age, sex, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and income. Perceived source credibility was positively associated with increased perceived ad relevance, effectiveness, liking, and product use interest (ps < 0.001). E-cigarette use moderated associations of perceived source credibility and perceived ad relevance, perceived ad effectiveness, and interest in using e-cigarettes, with associations being strongest among never users. Findings suggest that tobacco control messaging aiming to reduce the credibility of the e-cigarette industry might be most effective among adults who have never used e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee N. Lee
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Liu
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittney Keller-Hamilton
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joanne G. Patterson
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amelia V. Wedel
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Coralia Vázquez-Otero
- Department of Public Health, College for Health, Community and Policy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elise M. Stevens
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Moeis FR, Nurhasana R, Rahardi F, Novitasari D, Shellasih NM, Inayati, Murwendah, Suriyawongpaisal P, Patanavanich R, Ratih SP. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and implementation of tobacco control policies: Lessons learned from Indonesia and Thailand. WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faizal Rahmanto Moeis
- Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Indonesia Depok City West Java Indonesia
| | - Renny Nurhasana
- Urban Studies Program, School of Strategic and Global Studies Universitas Indonesia Central Jakarta DKI Jakarta Indonesia
- Center for Social Security Studies, School of Strategic and Global Studies Universitas Indonesia Central Jakarta DKI Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Fandy Rahardi
- Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Indonesia Depok City West Java Indonesia
| | - Danty Novitasari
- Urban Studies Program, School of Strategic and Global Studies Universitas Indonesia Central Jakarta DKI Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Ni Made Shellasih
- Urban Studies Program, School of Strategic and Global Studies Universitas Indonesia Central Jakarta DKI Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Inayati
- Department of Fiscal Administrative Science Universitas Indonesia Depok City West Java Indonesia
| | - Murwendah
- Department of Fiscal Administrative Science Universitas Indonesia Depok City West Java Indonesia
| | - Paibul Suriyawongpaisal
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Roengrudee Patanavanich
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Suci Puspita Ratih
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sports Science Universitas Negeri Malang Malang East Java Indonesia
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14
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Chen-Sankey JC, van de Venne J, Westneat S, Rahman B, Folger S, Anesetti-Rothermel A, Debnam C, Ribisl KM, Cohn A, Rose SW. Real-Time Context of Tobacco Marketing Exposure and Community Vulnerability-An Ecological Momentary Assessment Among Young Adults. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:620-631. [PMID: 34323267 PMCID: PMC9242544 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to tobacco product marketing increases tobacco use among young adults, especially those from vulnerable communities (VCs). PURPOSE This study examined real-time tobacco marketing exposure among young adults from vulnerable and non-vulnerable communities using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). METHODS This study used EMA data to assess context (e.g., location and activity) of tobacco marketing exposure using four text-messaging surveys per day over 2 weeks. Young adult non-current tobacco users living in Washington, D.C. (n = 146; ages 18-24) recorded 5,285 surveys, including 20 participants (13.2%) from VCs with high proportions of lower income and racial/ethnic minorities, and high smoking rates. Unadjusted and adjusted multilevel logistic regressions were used to assess the associations between exposure to any and flavored tobacco marketing, VC residence, and real-time context. RESULTS Fifty-nine participants (40.4%) reported at least one tobacco marketing exposure and recorded 94 exposure moments. In adjusted models, odds of exposure were higher among VC residents (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.2-5.4), in the presence of anyone using tobacco versus no use (AOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 2.4-6.7), at store/retail (AOR = 17.0, 95% CI = 6.4-44.8), or outside/in transit (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.1-7.8) versus at home. VC residence (AOR = 7.2, 95% CI = 2.3-22.2) was the strongest predictor of flavored tobacco marketing exposure among all covariates examined. CONCLUSIONS Young adults are predominantly exposed to tobacco marketing in their daily lives through retail advertisements. Young adults from VCs are at increased risks of seeing any tobacco and especially flavored tobacco marketing. Policies that curtail tobacco retailer density and advertisement displays may reduce overall and differential tobacco marketing exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Chen-Sankey
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judy van de Venne
- Center for Health Equity Transformation, Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Susan Westneat
- Center for Health Equity Transformation, Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Basmah Rahman
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute®, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shanell Folger
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute®, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew Anesetti-Rothermel
- Center for Health Equity Transformation, Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Kurt M Ribisl
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amy Cohn
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shyanika W Rose
- Center for Health Equity Transformation, Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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15
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Chen B, Sterling KL, Bluestein MA, Penedo E, Kuk AE, Harrell MB, Perry CL, Pérez A. Age of initiation of cigarillo use among young adults: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, 2013-2017. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264168. [PMID: 35358201 PMCID: PMC8970515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Young adults, especially those who identify as racial/ethnic minorities, are legal targets of the tobacco industry. Cigarillo initiation is a risk among these vulnerable groups. Estimating the age of initiation of cigarillo use among young adults may inform the timing of prevention interventions. METHODS Weighted interval-censored survival analyses of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) young adult (ages 18-24 at their first wave of adult participation) annual datasets were conducted (2013-2017). Young adult never cigarillo users (n = 7,101; represents N = 24,023,488) at their first wave of adult participation (2013-2016) were followed-up through 2014-2017 to estimate the age of initiation of ever, past 30-day and fairly regular cigarillo use outcomes. Differences by sex and by race/ethnicity, accounting for previous use of other tobacco products and marijuana and blunt use, were assessed using weighted interval-censored Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Among PATH young adults, by age 21, 5.8% initiated ever cigarillo use, 4.1% initiated past 30-day cigarillo use, and 1.4% initiated fairly regular cigarillo use. By age 26, 15% initiated ever cigarillo use, and 10.4% initiated past 30-day cigarillo use. Males had higher risk of initiating ever (AHR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.37-1.95) and past 30-day cigarillo use (AHR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.32-2.06) at earlier ages than females. Non-Hispanic Blacks had higher risk of initiating ever (AHR: 2.81, 95% CI: 2.26-3.50), past 30-day (AHR: 4.88, 95% CI: 2.95-5.09) and fairly regular cigarillo use (AHR: 4.62, 95% CI: 2.70-7.93) at earlier ages than non-Hispanic Whites. Hispanics had higher risk of initiating past 30-day cigarillo use at earlier ages than non-Hispanic Whites (AHR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.12-2.03). Non-Hispanic Other race (i.e., Asian, multiracial, etc.) had lower risk of initiating ever (AHR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28-0.65) and past 30-day cigarillo use (AHR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.26-0.63) at earlier ages than Non-Hispanic Whites. CONCLUSION Along with those aged 21 and younger, interventions should target young adults over the age of 21, specifically males, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic young adults, to stall initiation and progression of cigarillo use behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojiang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin Campus, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin Campus, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kymberle L. Sterling
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Dallas Campus, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Meagan A. Bluestein
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin Campus, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elena Penedo
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin Campus, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arnold E. Kuk
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin Campus, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Melissa B. Harrell
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin Campus, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health in Austin Campus, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cheryl L. Perry
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin Campus, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Dallas Campus, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Adriana Pérez
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin Campus, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin Campus, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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16
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Dillard JP, Li SS, Cannava K. Talking about Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: Causes, Processes, and Consequences of Campaign-Induced Interpersonal Communication. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:316-326. [PMID: 33124466 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1838107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Media campaigns may influence audience members directly, via message exposure, or indirectly, via conversations about the campaign. Either process has the potential to produce persuasion or counter-persuasion (i.e., boomerang). A laboratory experiment (N = 297) was conducted in which individuals viewed three anti-sugar-sweetened beverage PSAs under three conditions: Prompt (discussion allowed with instructions to evaluate the effectiveness of the PSAs), no prompt (discussion allowed, but not guided), and discussion not allowed. Conversations between dyad members were coded for quantity of on-topic talk and frequency of cognitive process words (e.g., because, therefore). Results showed persuasion and counter-persuasion via direct and indirect processes. On-topic talk and cognitive process words predicted intentions to reduce beverage consumption among heavy drinkers. The study is among the few to examine conversations provoked by media messages and to demonstrate how an experimental manipulation can guide the quantity and quality of those interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Price Dillard
- Department of Communication Arts & Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Shu Scott Li
- Department of Communication Arts & Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Kaitlin Cannava
- Department of Communication Arts & Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University
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17
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Koczkodaj P, Cuchi P, Ciuba A, Gliwska E, Peruga A. Point of Sale Advertising and Promotion of Cigarettes, Electronic Cigarettes, and Heated Tobacco Products in Warsaw, Poland-A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413002. [PMID: 34948612 PMCID: PMC8701658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of smoking and e-cigarette use among teenagers in Poland is high. Polish law bans most advertising and promotion for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products (HTPs). This study investigates marketing for these products at points of sale (POS) near secondary schools in Warsaw, Poland, noting if the advertising and promotion were allowed under current Polish laws. All POS within 250 m radii of five selected secondary schools in each of three Warsaw districts were assessed for tobacco and e-cigarette direct advertising, inside and outside; offers of gifts or promotional discounts; tobacco merchandising, and tobacco displays. Of the 112 POS surveyed, 83% exposed customers to some form of advertising or promotion of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or HTPs; in 76%, advertising or promotion that violated Polish law was present. More than 80% of POS surveyed displayed tobacco products; in 19%, these products were displayed near products of interest to minors. POS density observed here was 30.3 per km2, higher than in other European cities. In Poland, a high proportion of POS near schools violates the law banning the advertisement and promotion of tobacco and nicotine consumer products through a dense tobacco retailer network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Koczkodaj
- Cancer Epidemiology and Primary Prevention Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-57-09-478
| | - Paloma Cuchi
- World Health Organization, Country Office for Poland, 02-326 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agata Ciuba
- Cancer Epidemiology and Primary Prevention Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (E.G.)
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elwira Gliwska
- Cancer Epidemiology and Primary Prevention Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (E.G.)
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Armando Peruga
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Research Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Epidemiology and Health Policies, Clínica Alemana School of Medicine, Universidad del Desarrollo, 7710162 Santiago, Chile
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18
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Krueger EA, Bello MS, Unger J, Boley Cruz T, Barrington-Trimis JL, Braymiller JL, Lanza HI, Chen-Sankey JC, Cho J, McConnell R, Leventhal AM. Sociodemographic differences in young adults' recall of tobacco and cannabis marketing online and in television/film. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101592. [PMID: 34976651 PMCID: PMC8683941 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Young adults (YA) who report viewing pro-tobacco and cannabis marketing are at increased risk for using tobacco and cannabis. However, there is a growing diversity of tobacco and cannabis products on the market, as well as methods for marketing them. Prevalence of, and sociodemographic differences in, YA's recall of various types of tobacco and cannabis marketing is not well-characterized. Data were from a cohort of YA (mean age: 19.8) from Southern California in 2019. Respondents were asked whether they recalled having seen two types of marketing (online advertisements and portrayals of product use in TV/movies) for 5 tobacco and 3 cannabis products among never-users of tobacco (N = 954) and cannabis (N = 1,046), respectively. Sociodemographic differences in marketing recall were subsequently assessed. Among tobacco-naïve respondents, 31.3% and 49.3% recalled seeing online advertisements and tobacco use in TV/movies, respectively. Among cannabis-naïve respondents, 18.7% and 31.0% recalled seeing online advertisements and cannabis use in TV/movies, respectively. Overall, respondents recalled seeing tobacco and cannabis products on TV/movies at higher rates than seeing online advertisements, with the exception of electronic cigarettes, for which online advertisements were seen at higher rates. Women (vs. men) had higher odds of seeing tobacco (aOR = 1.9) and cannabis use in TV/movies (aOR = 1.4) and cannabis marketing online (aOR = 1.4). LGB (vs. straight) respondents had higher odds of seeing cannabis marketing online (aOR = 1.7). Efforts to regulate exposure to tobacco and cannabis marketing among young women and LGB people merit further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A. Krueger
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Mariel S. Bello
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Jennifer Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Tess Boley Cruz
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Jessica L. Braymiller
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - H. Isabella Lanza
- Department of Human Development, California State University Long Beach, CA 90840, United States
| | - Julia Cen Chen-Sankey
- Department of Health Behavior, Society and Policy, Rutgers University School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Junhan Cho
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
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19
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Li X, Kaiser N, Borodovsky JT, Riordan R, Kasson E, Cao C, Cavazos-Rehg PA. National Trends of Adolescent Exposure to Tobacco Advertisements: 2012-2020. Pediatrics 2021; 148:e2021050495. [PMID: 34851424 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-050495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The objective of the current study is to evaluate the temporal trends in the prevalence of cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) advertisement exposure by venue and sociodemographic correlates among US adolescents from 2012 to 2020. METHODS We conducted a serial cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative samples of middle and high school youth from the 2012-2020 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Advertisement exposure was defined as self-report of seeing advertisements "sometimes," "most of the time," and "always." The prevalence of cigarette (and other tobacco products) and e-cigarette advertisement exposure, including overall and at specific venues (Internet, press, screen, and retail stores), was estimated by survey year. RESULTS A total of 139 795 adolescents aged 11 to 19 years old were included in the analysis. The prevalence of exposure to combustible cigarette marketing remained high across all years (any venue ranging from 77.0% [2018] to 91.1% [2014]). An increasing trend for cigarette advertisement exposure was observed from 2017 to 2020 after a drop in 2015 (β2012-2015 = 2.8, P for trend < .001; β2017-2020 = .7, P for trend = .03), driven by retail store-based and Internet-based exposure. A similar increasing pattern in the estimated prevalence of e-cigarette marketing was observed (β2014-2016 = 4.6, P for trend < .001; β2017-2020 = 5.1, P for trend < .001). CONCLUSIONS Given the high estimated prevalence of cigarette and e-cigarette marketing exposure among US adolescents, further regulation efforts for both off-line and online tobacco marketing are needed to mitigate adolescent exposure to content regarding these products, reducing susceptibility to uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chao Cao
- Program in Physical Therapy
- Center for Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
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20
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Moran MB, Heley K, Czaplicki L, Weiger C, Strong D, Pierce J. Tobacco Advertising Features That May Contribute to Product Appeal Among US Adolescents and Young Adults. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:1373-1381. [PMID: 33377146 PMCID: PMC8360628 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette advertising is a causal agent of smoking uptake among young people. Although prior research links ad receptivity to tobacco product interest and use, little is known regarding the specific advertising tactics associated with increased product appeal among young people. METHODS A national sample of 13-20 year-olds (N = 3688, youth) and 21-24 year-olds (N = 1556, young adults) in the US participated in an online survey in 2017 (mean age 18.1 years). The majority (72.0%) of youth and nearly half (44.8%) of young adults were never smokers. Participants were shown a cigarette ad, randomly assigned from a pool of 50 advertisements, and reported how much they liked the ad, and were curious about and interested in using the advertised product. All 50 advertisements were content analyzed for a variety of features. Data from the survey and content analysis were merged and mixed effects analyses used to identify the features associated with increased liking, curiosity, and interest in using, referred to collectively as product appeal. RESULTS Presence of a sweepstakes offer was associated with increased liking, curiosity and interest among youth and curiosity and interest among young adults. Outdoors settings, flora imagery, natural descriptors, and environmental themes were associated with increased appeal. Price reductions (eg, coupons) were associated with decreased appeal among youth. CONCLUSIONS This study identified several advertising tactics associated with increased appeal among youth and young adults. If additional research confirms these findings, the U.S. Food and Drug Association should consider restricting use of these tactics in tobacco advertising. IMPLICATIONS This study's findings provide insight into features of cigarette ads that appeal to youth and young adults. Overall, the presence of sweepstakes appealed to youth and young adults and outdoors and environmental themes were particularly appealing to young adults. Such tactics could serve to further brand engagement, improve brand image and lead to initiation or escalation of use. If confirmatory studies further demonstrate the effects of the tactics identified in this study on youth product appeal, U.S. Food and Drug Administration should consider using its authority to restrict the use of youth-appealing tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Bridgid Moran
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn Heley
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Czaplicki
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caitlin Weiger
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Strong
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Population, Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Pierce
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Population, Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
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21
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Coreas SI, Rodriquez EJ, Rahman SG, El-Toukhy S, Compton WM, Blanco C, Kimmel HL, Pérez-Stable EJ. Smoking Susceptibility and Tobacco Media Engagement Among Youth Never Smokers. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2020-017921. [PMID: 33941582 PMCID: PMC8331193 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-017921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Susceptibility to future smoking among youth never smokers has not changed in the past 20 years, although experimental cigarette smoking has decreased. We assessed how smoking susceptibility and tobacco industry-related marketing influenced smoking initiation. METHODS Four waves (2013-2018) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study data were analyzed among youth aged 12 to 17 years at wave 1 who completed wave 4. Susceptibility was assessed by 4 items (openness to curiosity, try soon, try in the next year, and if your best friend offered) and categorized into 4 levels (0 = definitely no to all; 1 = yes to 1; 2 = yes to 2; and 3 + 4 = yes to 3 or 4 susceptibility items). Multivariable logistic regression evaluated how susceptibility levels, electronic cigarette use, and tobacco-related media activity predicted future experimental (≥1 puff), current (past 30 days), or established (≥100 cigarettes) smoking. RESULTS Among 8899 never smokers at wave 1, 16.4% became experimental smokers, 7.6% current smokers, and 1.8% established smokers at wave 4. Black and Latino/a youth were less likely to experiment. Youth who endorsed 3 or 4 susceptibility items at wave 1 were more likely to be experimental (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.0; confidence interval [CI] = 4.8-7.4), current (aOR = 4.2; CI = 3.2-5.4), or established (aOR = 4.4; CI = 2.4-7.9) smokers at wave 4. Exposure to tobacco marketing, using tobacco-related apps, seeing social media content posted about tobacco, and ever use of electronic cigarettes also predicted experimental smoking. CONCLUSIONS Smoking susceptibility and exposure to tobacco industry-related marketing were predictive of cigarette smoking. Clinicians should consider screening adolescents for smoking susceptibility and tobacco-related media exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida I. Coreas
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart,
Lung, and Blood Institute
| | - Erik J. Rodriquez
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart,
Lung, and Blood Institute
| | - Sana G. Rahman
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute
on Minority Health and Health Disparities, and
| | - Sherine El-Toukhy
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute
on Minority Health and Health Disparities, and
| | - Wilson M. Compton
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carlos Blanco
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heather L Kimmel
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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22
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Wright CJC, Clifford S, Miller M, D'Abbs P, Giorgi C, Crane M, Smith JA. While Woolworths reaps the rewards, the Northern Territory community will be left to clean up the mess. Health Promot J Austr 2021; 32:158-162. [PMID: 33825255 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra J C Wright
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Diseases Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Clifford
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Diseases Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - Mia Miller
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, 2042, Australia
| | - Peter D'Abbs
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Diseases Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - Caterina Giorgi
- Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, Canberra, Australia
| | - Meredythe Crane
- Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, Canberra, Australia
| | - James A Smith
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Diseases Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Menzies School of Health Research
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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23
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Tebar WR, Christofaro DGD, Diniz TA, Lofrano-Prado MC, Botero JP, Correia MDA, Cucato GG, Ritti-Dias RM, do Prado WL. Increased Screen Time Is Associated With Alcohol Desire and Sweetened Foods Consumption During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Nutr 2021; 8:630586. [PMID: 33842523 PMCID: PMC8029649 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.630586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Elevated screen time has been associated with addictive behaviors, such as alcohol and sugar intake and smoking. Considering the substantial increase in screen time caused by social isolation policies, this study aimed to analyze the association of increased screen time in different devices during the COVID-19 pandemic with consumption and increased desire of alcohol, smoking, and sweetened foods in adults. Methods: A sample of 1,897 adults with a mean age of 37.9 (13.3) years was assessed by an online survey, being composed by 58% of women. Participants were asked whether screen time in television, cell phone, and computer increased during the pandemic, as well as how much time is spent in each device. Closed questions assessed the frequency of alcohol and sweetened food consumption, smoking, and an increased desire to drink and smoke during the pandemic. Educational level, age, sex, feeling of stress, anxiety, depression, and use of a screen device for physical activity were covariates. Binary logistic regression models considered adjustment for covariates and for mutual habits. Results: Increased television time was associated with increased desire to drink (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.12; 1.89) and increased sweetened food consumption (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.18; 1.99), while an increase in computer use was negatively associated with consumption of alcohol (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53; 0.86) and sweetened foods (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62; 0.98). Increased cell phone time was associated with increased sweetened food consumption during the pandemic (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.18; 2.67). Participants with increased time in the three devices were less likely to consume sweetened foods for ≥5 days per week (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39; 0.99) but were twice as likely to have sweetened food consumption increased during pandemic (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.07; 3.88). Conclusion: Increased screen time was differently associated with consumption and desire for alcohol and sweets according to screen devices. Increased time in television and cell phones need to be considered for further investigations of behavioral impairments caused by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Tebar
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Science and Technology, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Diego G D Christofaro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Science and Technology, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Tiego A Diniz
- University of São Paulo-USP, Post-graduation Program in Cell and Tissue Biology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel G Cucato
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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24
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Johnson AC, Mays D. Testing the Effects of Hookah Tobacco Social Media Risk Communication Messages Among Young Adults. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2020; 48:627-636. [PMID: 33073594 DOI: 10.1177/1090198120963104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hookah tobacco is commonly used among young adults, and use is driven in part by widespread misperceptions about risks. Social media use, particularly Instagram, is prominent in this population and exposure to commercial and user-generated content promoting hookah commonly occurs. AIMS This study tested the effects of hookah tobacco risk messaging for delivery via Instagram as a strategy to offset exposure to content promoting hookah use among young adults. METHOD Young adult hookah smokers were recruited online for a 2 × 3 between-subjects experiment (n = 601). Participants completed preexposure measures and were randomized to view hookah tobacco Instagram ads (commercial or user generated) with risk messages (none, risk education, or graphic risk). Stimuli were presented as a simulated Instagram feed. After viewing the stimuli, participants completed postexposure outcome measures. RESULTS There was a statistically significant main effect of risk message type but no significant main effect of Instagram ad type or risk message type by ad type interactions. Exposure to the graphic risk and risk education messages were associated with lower intentions to engage with hookah tobacco ads on Instagram. Graphic risk and risk education messages produced greater negative emotional response and the graphic messages increased motivation to quit compared with Instagram ads alone. DISCUSSION Findings provide preliminary evidence that hookah tobacco risk messages delivered via Instagram can offset the influence of content promoting the use of hookah tobacco. CONCLUSION This study represents an example of risk message testing and the results suggest the messages warrant further testing via social media delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darren Mays
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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25
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Tirukkovalluri SS, Luck CP, Makesh RLS, Akhshaya PT, Radhakrishnan A, Karthick RC, Arumugam B, Gunasekaran N, Patwardhan SR. Workplace based Potentially Malignant Oral Lesions Screening among Tobacco Consuming Migrant Construction Site Workers in Chennai, South India: A Pilot Study. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:5004-5009. [PMID: 33209836 PMCID: PMC7652114 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_687_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Vulnerable population groups such as migrant workers are identified as emerging high-risk groups for oral cancer owing to the high prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption. Premature deaths due to oral cancer can be prevented by screening the population with high tobacco consumption practices and detecting early reversible stages of oral mucosal cavity lesions and facilitating linkages for further care. Aim: To assess prevalence of potentially malignant oral mucosal cavity lesions among tobacco consuming migrant construction workers in sub-urban Chennai, India. Settings and Designs: A workplace based cross-sectional study design. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at workplaces i.e., construction sites for screening potentially malignant oral mucosal cavity lesions among migrant workers across 23 construction sites of Chennai during September 2019 - February 2020. An onsite, group health education session was provided about the harms of tobacco use to the migrants. Statistical Analysis Used: Data entered in MS Excel was analysed using SPSS and multivariate analysis was performed. Results: Among 640 migrants included in the study, 411 (64.2%) were less than 30 years of age, 623 (97.4%) were from north-eastern states of India such as West Bengal, Bihar, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand. A considerable size (272, 42.5%) could not read or write and 355 (55.4%) earn a monthly income of less than ten thousand rupees. Current tobacco users were 619 (96.7%), smokeless tobacco users (463, 72.34%), smokers (206, 32.2%) and dual users (52,8.12%). Inflammatory mucosal lesions in the oral cavity were 70.97% and more among smokeless tobacco users comparable to 22.58% among tobacco smokers and was significantly associated with up to 20 years of tobacco consumption. Conclusions: Prevalence of Potentially malignant oral lesions among smokeless tobacco using interstate migrant construction site workers is very high and need urgent interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree S Tirukkovalluri
- Department of Community Medicine, Tagore Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C P Luck
- Department of Pathology, Tagore Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R L S Makesh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Tagore Dental College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P T Akhshaya
- Department of Community Medicine, Tagore Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Radhakrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Tagore Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R C Karthick
- Department of Community Medicine, Tagore Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Arumugam
- Department of Community Medicine, Tagore Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Gunasekaran
- Dean, Tagore Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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26
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Almahdi HM, Ali RW, Nasir EF. Exposure to the advertisement of toombak at the point-of-sale among adolescents in Khartoum State, Sudan: A cross-sectional study. Tob Prev Cessat 2020; 6:19. [PMID: 32548356 PMCID: PMC7291888 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/115800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess the association between toombak (smokeless tobacco) advertisement at point-of-sale (PoS) and its use among adolescents in Sudan. METHODS A cross-sectional school-based and self-administered questionnaire study was conducted. Schools were randomly selected using a one-stage stratified sampling procedure, during 2013–2014, as part of a larger research project focusing on the use of toombak among secondary school students in Khartoum State, Sudan. The sample size was 1526 students. Data were collected on exposure to toombak advertisement, social acceptability, perceived accessibility to toombak, susceptibility, and toombak use. RESULTS A total of 41.8% of the adolescents were exposed to an advertisement at PoS, while 12.5% perceived direct access to toombak, 5.3% reported that they were susceptible to use toombak, and 10.9% were ever toombak users. Exposure to the advertisement of toombak at PoS was found to be associated with the older age group (44.3%) (p≤0.05). Males were more than females (45.2% vs 38.8%; p≤0.05). Those exposed to toombak advertisements at PoS reported more social acceptability towards toombak (48.9% vs 37.6%; p≤0.001) and direct accessibility to toombak (68.8% vs 47.2%; p≤0.05). Ever toombak users reported higher exposure to advertisements than non-users (54.5% vs 40.3%; p≤0.001). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to toombak advertisements at PoS was found to be high and associated with increased toombak use in Khartoum State, Sudan, in addition to increasing social acceptability to its use and perceived easy accessibility. The current law, which bans toombak advertisement and promotion at PoS, needs to be enforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim M Almahdi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Raouf W Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Omdurman, Sudan.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elwalid F Nasir
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Omdurman, Sudan.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Ganz O, Rimal RN, Cohn AM, Johnson AL, Delnevo CD, Horn K. Receptivity to Tobacco Advertising among Young Adults with Internalizing Problems: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:546-556. [PMID: 31718377 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1688349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Many risk factors for tobacco use among the general young adult population, such as tobacco advertising receptivity, have gone unexamined among those with internalizing problems, despite disproportionately high rates of tobacco use. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the interrelationship of internalizing problems, tobacco advertising receptivity, and tobacco use among young adults using data from Wave 1 of the Population Assessment for Tobacco and Health Study. Methods: The sample included 9,110 young adults (ages 18-24). Multivariable logistic regression models examined the association between internalizing problems and advertising receptivity and tobacco use. Separate models were run for cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and any tobacco use. An interaction term (receptivity × internalizing problems) was added to each model. Results: Except for smokeless tobacco, individuals with high internalizing problems reported greater odds of product use compared to those with low internalizing problems. There was no association between internalizing problems and use of smokeless tobacco. For all products, receptivity was positively associated with tobacco use. A borderline significant interaction was detected between cigarette advertising receptivity and internalizing problems, such that the magnitude of the relationship between receptivity to cigarette advertising and cigarette use was stronger for those with high internalizing problems compared those with low internalizing problems. Conclusions/Importance: The relationship between cigarette advertising receptivity and cigarette use may differ for those with and without internalizing problems. Disproportionate receptivity to risk-promoting messages among young adults with internalizing problems could exacerbate disparities in cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ollie Ganz
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rajiv N Rimal
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amy M Cohn
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Amanda Lee Johnson
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Cristine D Delnevo
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kimberly Horn
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
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28
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Shaik FB, Nagajothi G, Swarnalatha K, Kumar CS, Maddu N. Quantification of Nicotine and Cotinine in Plasma, Saliva, and Urine by HPLC Method in Chewing Tobacco Users. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3617-3623. [PMID: 31870102 PMCID: PMC7173387 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.12.3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine acts as major alkaloid of all tobacco products including smokeless tobacco (SLT) forms. The mode of SLT consumption is in the form of chewing under the cheek or lip and induced biochemical alterations in the plasma, saliva, and urine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The smokeless tobacco products like Raja or blue bull tobacco brands are widely consumed by human male volunteers under the age of 18-30 years for the period of 3 years consisting of 30g per day. The concentrations of nicotine and cotinine in samples of plasma, saliva, and urine are quantified by the method of HPLC. The remaining variables of plasma are evaluated by auto analyzer and spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS The analysis of results presented that significant increase in the levels of nicotine and cotinine in plasma, saliva, and urine of chewing tobacco users. The lipid profile (Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C), liver marker enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, and ALP), kidney markers (Creatinine, urea, and uric acid), glucose, and the remaining variables are present within normal range observed in SLT users. The lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) (NO2 and NO3), protein carbonyls (PCO), and peroxynitrites (ONOO-) are reported to be higher levels in the plasma of experimental subjects in comparison with normal controls. The various brands of tobacco varieties (Raja, madhu chhap, hans chhap, miraj, badshah, blue bull, and swagat gold tobacco) are presented. CONCLUSION The chewing tobacco users exhibited greater amounts of nicotine and cotinine are at risk of cardiovascular due to nicotine has cardiovascular effects, and oral cancer disease complications in the future for chronic consumption of smokeless tobacco products due to the presence of carcinogens of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeda Begum Shaik
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G Nagajothi
- Department of Corporate Secretary ship, Queen Mary's College (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Swarnalatha
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - C Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Narendra Maddu
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
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29
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Shadel WG, Tucker JS, Seelam R, Golinelli D, Siconolfi D. Associations of Tobacco Advertising Appeal With Intentions to Use Alternative Tobacco Products Among Young Tobacco Users Experiencing Homelessness. Am J Health Promot 2019; 34:132-141. [PMID: 31581783 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119878350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Virtually nothing is known about the potential effects of tobacco advertising on tobacco use among youth experiencing homelessness, a vulnerable population with high tobacco use rates. This study examines associations between the appeal of advertising for 5 classes of tobacco product (electronic cigarettes, hookah, cigars, cigarillos, and smokeless tobacco) and future intentions to use those products again among homeless youth who had indicated any level of lifetime use. DESIGN A cross-sectional design was used. SETTING Settings were 25 service and street sites in Los Angeles County. PARTICIPANTS A probability sample of 469 young tobacco users experiencing homelessness (mean age = 22; 71% male; 29% non-Hispanic White) was recruited. MEASURES Assessments included product-specific tobacco advertising appeal and future intentions to use the product again, as well as a range of covariate controls (eg, demographics, homelessness severity, current tobacco use, general advertising exposure). ANALYSIS Linear regression tested for associations between the appeal of advertising for a specific tobacco product and intentions to use that product again in the future, controlling for myriad covariates. RESULTS Advertising appeal was positively associated with future intentions to use again for electronic cigarettes (P = .006) and hookah (P = .001), but not cigars (P = .486), cigarillos (P = .126), or smokeless tobacco (P = .109). CONCLUSION Results suggest that advertising appeal may increase use of certain tobacco products among youth experiencing homelessness. However, differences in themes emphasized by advertising for specific tobacco products could differentially influence use in this population.
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