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Wang X, Chen L, Zhang C, Shi Q, Zhu L, Zhao S, Luo Z, Long Y. Effect of probiotics at different intervention time on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1392306. [PMID: 39114293 PMCID: PMC11303337 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1392306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia. Gut microbiome adjustment plays a positive part in glucose regulation, which has become a hotspot. Probiotics have been studied for their potential to control the gut flora and to treat T2DM. However, the conclusion of its glucose-lowering effect is inconsistent based on different probiotic intervention times. Objectives To comprehensively evaluate how various probiotic intervention times affect glycemic control in people with T2DM. Methods We retrieved PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library on randomized controlled trials(RCTs)regarding the impact of probiotics on glycemic control in patients with T2DM from the inception to November 16, 2023. Separately, two researchers conducted a literature analysis, data extraction, and bias risk assessment of the involved studies. We followed the PRISMA guidelines, used RevMan 5.4 software for meta-analysis, and assessed the risk of bias by applying the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews 5.1.0. Results We included eight RCTs with 507 patients. Meta-analysis revealed that the use of probiotics might considerably reduce levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) {mean deviation (MD) = -0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-0.59, -0.07), p = 0.01}, Insulin {standard mean deviation (SMD) = -0.48, 95% CI (-0.74, -0.22), p = 0.0003} and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR){SMD = -1.36, 95% CI (-2.30, -0.41), p = 0.005} than placebo group. No statistically significant differences were found regarding fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body mass index (BMI) {SMD = -0.39, 95% CI (-0.83, 0.05), p = 0.08}, {SMD = -0.40, 95% CI (-1.07, 0.27), p = 0.25}, respectively. Subgroup analyses, grouped by intervention times, showed that six to eight weeks of intervention improved HbA1c compared to the control group (p < 0.05), both six to eight weeks and 12-24 weeks had a better intervention effect on Insulin, and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05).In contrast, there was no statistically significant variation in the length between FBG and BMI regarding duration. Conclusion This meta-analysis found probiotics at different intervention times play a positive role in modulating glucose in T2DM, specifically for HbA1c in six to eight weeks, Insulin and HOMA-IR in six to eight weeks, and 12-24 weeks. To confirm our findings, further excellent large-sample research is still required. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42023483325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Wang
- School of Nursing, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Nursing, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Sisi Zhao
- School of Nursing, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhiqin Luo
- School of Nursing, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yirun Long
- School of Nursing, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Torres B, Sánchez MC, Virto L, Llama‐Palacios A, Ciudad MJ, Collado L. Use of probiotics in preventing and treating excess weight and obesity. A systematic review. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e759. [PMID: 38903852 PMCID: PMC11187407 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of excess weight and obesity is increasing in an extremely concerning manner worldwide, with highly diverse therapies for current treatment. This review evaluated the scientific evidence of the past 10 years on the use of probiotics in treating excess weight and obesity in the absence of dieting. Materials A systematic review was conducted by searching for clinical trials on humans published in English in the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Central databases, using the combination of keywords "Overweight", "Probiotics" and "Obesity", and published between 2012 and 2022. Results Six published studies met the inclusion criteria. The review showed that, although there is a lack of consensus in the literature, the use of probiotics in the absence of dieting produced a significant reduction in body weight and body mass index in 66.6% of the reviewed studies, a significant reduction in waist circumference in 80.0% of the reviewed studies, and an improvement in total body fat mass and waist circumference. Conclusions This review showed evidence of a trend in preventing body weight gain and reducing weight through the use of probiotics in individuals with excess weight or obesity. A combination of various strains of the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus was the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Torres
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of MedicineComplutense UniversityMadridSpain
| | - María C. Sánchez
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of MedicineComplutense UniversityMadridSpain
- Faculty of MedicineGINTRAMIS Research Group (Translational Research Group on Microbiota and Health)Complutense UniversityMadridSpain
| | - Leire Virto
- Faculty of OpticsDepartment of Anatomy and EmbryologyComplutense UniversityMadridSpain
| | - Arancha Llama‐Palacios
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of MedicineComplutense UniversityMadridSpain
- Faculty of MedicineGINTRAMIS Research Group (Translational Research Group on Microbiota and Health)Complutense UniversityMadridSpain
| | - María J. Ciudad
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of MedicineComplutense UniversityMadridSpain
- Faculty of MedicineGINTRAMIS Research Group (Translational Research Group on Microbiota and Health)Complutense UniversityMadridSpain
| | - Luis Collado
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of MedicineComplutense UniversityMadridSpain
- Faculty of MedicineGINTRAMIS Research Group (Translational Research Group on Microbiota and Health)Complutense UniversityMadridSpain
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Amini-Salehi E, Hassanipour S, Keivanlou MH, Shahdkar M, Orang Goorabzarmakhi M, Vakilpour A, Joukar F, Hashemi M, Sattari N, Javid M, Mansour-Ghanaei F. The impact of gut microbiome-targeted therapy on liver enzymes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:815-830. [PMID: 37550264 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. To date, no confirmed medication is available for the treatment of NAFLD. Previous studies showed the promising effects of gut microbiome-targeted therapies; however, the results were controversial and the strength of the evidence and their clinical significance remained unclear. OBJECTIVES This umbrella study summarizes the results of meta-analyses investigating the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on liver enzymes in the NAFLD population. DATA SOURCE A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was done up to December 20, 2022, to find meta-analyses on randomized control trials reporting the effects of gut microbial therapy on patients with NAFLD. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent investigators extracted data on the characteristics of meta-analyses, and any discrepancies were resolved by a third researcher. The AMSTAR2 checklist was used for evaluating the quality of studies. DATA ANALYSIS A final total of 15 studies were included in the analysis. Results showed that microbiome-targeted therapies could significantly reduce levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT; effect size [ES], -10.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], -13.29, -7.14; P < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; ES, -8.86; 95%CI, -11.39, -6.32; P < 0.001), and γ-glutamyltransferase (ES, -5.56; 95%CI, -7.92, -3.31; P < 0.001) in patients with NAFLD. Results of subgroup analysis based on intervention showed probiotics could significantly reduce levels of AST (ES, -8.69; 95%CI, -11.01, -6.37; P < 0.001) and ALT (ES, -9.82; 95%CI, -11.59, -8.05; P < 0.001). Synbiotics could significantly reduce levels of AST (ES, -11.40; 95%CI, -13.91, -8.88; P < 0.001) and ALT (ES, -11.87; 95%CI, -13.80, -9.95; P < 0.001). Prebiotics had no significant effects on AST and ALT levels (ES, -2.96; 95%CI, -8.12, 2.18, P = 0.259; and ES, -4.69; 95%CI, -13.53, 4.15, P = 0.299, respectively). CONCLUSION Gut microbiome-targeted therapies could be a promising therapeutic approach in the improvement of hepatic damage in patients with NAFLD. However, more studies are needed to better determine the best bacterial strains, duration of treatment, and optimum dosage of gut microbiome-targeted therapies in the treatment of the NAFLD population. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022346998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Amini-Salehi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Milad Shahdkar
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Azin Vakilpour
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Nazila Sattari
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Rasaei N, Heidari M, Esmaeili F, Khosravi S, Baeeri M, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Emamgholipour S. The effects of prebiotic, probiotic or synbiotic supplementation on overweight/obesity indicators: an umbrella review of the trials' meta-analyses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1277921. [PMID: 38572479 PMCID: PMC10987746 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1277921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is controversial data on the effects of prebiotic, probiotic, or synbiotic supplementations on overweight/obesity indicators. Thus, we aimed to clarify this role of biotics through an umbrella review of the trials' meta-analyses. Methods All meta-analyses of the clinical trials conducted on the impact of biotics on overweight/obesity indicators in general populations, pregnant women, and infants published until June 2023 in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library web databases included. The meta-analysis of observational and systematic review studies without meta-analysis were excluded. We reported the results by implementing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flowchart. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR2) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) systems were used to assess the methodological quality and quality of evidence. Results Overall, 97 meta-analysis studies were included. Most studies were conducted on the effect of probiotics in both genders. Consumption of prebiotic: 8-66 g/day, probiotic: 104 -1.35×1015 colony-forming unit (CFU)/day, and synbiotic: 106-1.5×1011 CFU/day and 0.5-300 g/day for 2 to 104 weeks showed a favorable effect on the overweight/obesity indicators. Moreover, an inverse association was observed between biotics consumption and overweight/obesity risk in adults in most of the studies. Biotics did not show any beneficial effect on weight and body mass index (BMI) in pregnant women by 6.6×105-1010 CFU/day of probiotics during 1-25 weeks and 1×109-112.5×109 CFU/capsule of synbiotics during 4-8 weeks. The effect of biotics on weight and BMI in infants is predominantly non-significant. Prebiotics and probiotics used in infancy were from 0.15 to 0.8 g/dL and 2×106-6×109 CFU/day for 2-24 weeks, respectively. Conclusion It seems biotics consumption can result in favorable impacts on some anthropometric indices of overweight/obesity (body weight, BMI, waist circumference) in the general population, without any significant effects on birth weight or weight gain during pregnancy and infancy. So, it is recommended to intake the biotics as complementary medications for reducing anthropometric indices of overweight/obese adults. However, more well-designed trials are needed to elucidate the anti-obesity effects of specific strains of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Heidari
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fataneh Esmaeili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Khosravi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chu PY, Yu YC, Pan YC, Dai YH, Yang JC, Huang KC, Wu YC. The Efficacy of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus Supplementation in Managing Body Weight and Blood Lipids of People with Overweight: A Randomized Pilot Trial. Metabolites 2024; 14:129. [PMID: 38393021 PMCID: PMC10890272 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) in improving body weight, obesity-related outcomes, and lipid profiles of overweight people. Thirty-six overweight participants were randomly assigned to either a probiotic or a placebo group. A placebo powder or L. bulgaricus powder (containing 1 × 108 colony-forming unit (CFU) of the probiotic) was administered daily for 12 weeks. Body composition was determined, and blood tests were performed before and after the intervention. L. bulgaricus supplementation under the present condition did not affect the body weight, fat percentage, or body mass index (BMI) of the participants, while it resulted in a notable decrease in blood triglyceride (TG) levels, which corresponded to a lowering of the TG proportion in the composition of large VLDL (L-XXL sized fractions) and HDL (M and L fractions) in the probiotic-treated group. These results suggest that L. bulgaricus supplementation under the current conditions may not be helpful for losing weight, but it has the potential to decrease blood TG levels by modulating TG accumulation in or transport by VLDL/HDL in obese patients. L. bulgaricus supplements may have health-promoting properties in preventing TG-related diseases in overweight people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Chu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Yu
- Department of Medical Research, Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Pan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hao Dai
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Cheng Yang
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
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Cosier DJ, Lambert K, Neale EP, Probst Y, Charlton K. The effect of oral synbiotics on the gut microbiota and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae002. [PMID: 38341803 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Prior research has explored the effect of synbiotics, the combination of probiotics and prebiotics, on the gut microbiota in clinical populations. However, evidence related to the effect of synbiotics on the gut microbiota in healthy adults has not been reviewed to date. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively investigate the effect of synbiotics on the gut microbiota and inflammatory markers in populations of healthy adults. DATA SOURCES Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library were systematically searched to retrieve randomized controlled trials examining the primary outcome of gut microbiota or intestinal permeability changes after synbiotic consumption in healthy adults. Secondary outcomes of interest were short-chain fatty acids, inflammatory biomarkers, and gut microbiota diversity. DATA EXTRACTION Weighted (WMD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) outcome data were pooled in restricted maximum likelihood models using random effects. Twenty-seven articles reporting on 26 studies met the eligibility criteria (n = 1319). DATA ANALYSIS Meta-analyses of 16 studies showed synbiotics resulted in a significant increase in Lactobacillus cell count (SMD, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15, 1.33; P = 0.01) and propionate concentration (SMD, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.02, 0.43; P = 0.03) compared with controls. A trend for an increase in Bifidobacterium relative abundance (WMD, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.42, 2.52; P = 0.10) and cell count (SMD, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.13, 1.88; P = 0.06) was seen. No significant differences in α-diversity, acetate, butyrate, zonulin, IL-6, CRP, or endotoxins were observed. CONCLUSION This review demonstrates that synbiotics modulate the gut microbiota by increasing Lactobacillus and propionate across various healthy adult populations, and may result in increased Bifidobacterium. Significant variations in synbiotic type, dose, and duration should be considered as limitations when applying findings to clinical practice. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO no. CRD42021284033.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denelle J Cosier
- School of Medicine, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kelly Lambert
- School of Medicine, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth P Neale
- School of Medicine, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yasmine Probst
- School of Medicine, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Charlton
- School of Medicine, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Maftei NM, Raileanu CR, Balta AA, Ambrose L, Boev M, Marin DB, Lisa EL. The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties. Microorganisms 2024; 12:234. [PMID: 38399637 PMCID: PMC10891645 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, known to be live microorganisms, have been shown to improve or restore the gut microbiota, which in turn has been linked to improved health. It is believed that probiotics are the modern equivalent of a panacea, with claims that they may treat or prevent different diseases both in children and adults (e.g., from colic in babies to cardiovascular disease, respiratory infection, and cancer in adults). Ever since the early 2000s, probiotic-based fermented foods have had a resurgence in popularity, mostly due to claims made regarding their health benefits. Fermented foods have been associated with the prevention of irritable bowel syndrome, lactose intolerance, gastroenteritis, and obesity, but also other conditions such as chronic diarrhea, allergies, dermatitis, and bacterial and viral infections, all of which are closely related to an unhealthy lifestyle. Recent and ongoing developments in microbiome/microbiota science have given us new research directions for probiotics. The new types, mechanisms, and applications studied so far, and those currently under study, have a great potential to change scientific understanding of probiotics' nutritional applications and human health care. The expansion of fields related to the study of the microbiome and the involvement of probiotics in its improvement foreshadow an era of significant changes. An expanding range of candidate probiotic species is emerging that can address newly elucidated data-driven microbial niches and host targets. In the probiotic field, new variants of microbiome-modulating interventions are being developed, including prebiotics, symbiotics, postbiotics, microbial consortia, live biotherapeutic products, and genetically modified organisms, with renewed interest in polyphenols, fibers, and fermented foods to ensure human health. This manuscript aims to analyze recent, emerging, and anticipated trends in probiotics (sources, doses, mechanism of action, diseases for which probiotics are administered, side effects, and risks) and create a vision for the development of related areas of influence in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta-Maricica Maftei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (N.-M.M.); (E.L.L.)
- Clinic Laboratory Department, Clinical Hospital of Children Hospital “Sf. Ioan”, 800487 Galati, Romania
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Cosmin Raducu Raileanu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (C.R.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Alexia Anastasia Balta
- Medical Department Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania;
| | - Lenuta Ambrose
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (C.R.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Monica Boev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (N.-M.M.); (E.L.L.)
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Denisa Batîr Marin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (N.-M.M.); (E.L.L.)
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Elena Lacramioara Lisa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (N.-M.M.); (E.L.L.)
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
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He P, Shen X, Guo S. Intestinal flora and linear growth in children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1252035. [PMID: 38034825 PMCID: PMC10687454 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1252035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in human growth and development as well as the regulation of human pathophysiological processes. According to research, the gut microbiota controls the host's growth and development in areas such as nutrition, metabolism, endocrine hormones, and immune modulation. The human gut microbiota has an important role in child and adolescent growth, especially when nutritional conditions are poor. In this review, we focus on recent findings about the gut microbiota's influence on child growth, including the relationship between the gut microbiota and linear growth during pregnancy, infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Furthermore, we also review some mechanisms by which intestinal flora influence the host's linear growth. Although the data supports a link between intestinal flora and linear development in children, our review has limitations that prohibit us from fully verifying the causal relationship between gut flora and linear development in children. Improving the gut microbiota, in conjunction with renutrition techniques, has the potential to ameliorate the growth and development impairments currently associated with chronic illness and malnutrition in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheng Guo
- Department of Endocrine, Genetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Lauw S, Kei N, Chan PL, Yau TK, Ma KL, Szeto CYY, Lin JSC, Wong SH, Cheung PCK, Kwan HS. Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic Syndrome Traits and Gut Microbial Profile among Overweight and Obese Hong Kong Chinese Individuals: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4248. [PMID: 37836532 PMCID: PMC10574554 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the limited evidence showing anti-obesity effects of synbiotics via modulation of the gut microbiota in humans, a randomized clinical trial was performed. Assessment of the metabolic syndrome traits and profiling of the fecal gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in overweight and obese Hong Kong Chinese individuals before and after dietary intervention with an 8-week increased consumption of fruits and vegetables and/or synbiotic supplementation was conducted. The selected synbiotic contained two probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019) and a prebiotic (polydextrose). Fifty-five overweight or obese individuals were randomized and divided into a synbiotic group (SG; n = 19), a dietary intervention group (DG; n = 18), and a group receiving combined interventions (DSG; n = 18). DSG showed the greatest weight loss effects and number of significant differences in clinical parameters compared to its baseline values-notably, decreases in fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides and an increase in HDL-cholesterol. DSG lowered Megamonas abundance, which was positively associated with BMI, body fat mass, and trunk fat mass. The results suggested that increasing dietary fiber consumption from fruits and vegetables combined with synbiotic supplementation is more effective than either approach alone in tackling obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lauw
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.L.); (N.K.); (K.L.M.); (P.C.K.C.)
- Food Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Nelson Kei
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.L.); (N.K.); (K.L.M.); (P.C.K.C.)
| | - Po Lam Chan
- Food Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- HSK GeneTech Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Tsz Kwan Yau
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Ka Lee Ma
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.L.); (N.K.); (K.L.M.); (P.C.K.C.)
| | | | - Janice Su-Chuen Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
| | - Peter Chi Keung Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.L.); (N.K.); (K.L.M.); (P.C.K.C.)
- Food Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Hoi Shan Kwan
- Food Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- HSK GeneTech Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- ProBioLife Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Pereira SE, Rossoni C, Cambi MPC, Faria SL, Mattos FCC, De Campos TBF, Petry TBZ, Da Silva SA, Pereira AZ, Umeda LM, Nogueira C, De Araújo Burgos MGP, Magro DO. Brazilian guide to nutrition in bariatric and metabolic surgery. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:143. [PMID: 37039877 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brazilian nutrition recommendations for bariatric and metabolic surgery aim to provide knowledge, based on scientific evidence, on nutritional practices related to different surgical techniques in the surgical treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was carried out with the appropriate MeSH terms using Medline/Pubmed/LiLACS and the Cochrane database, with the established criteria being based on the inclusion of articles according to the degree of recommendation and strength of evidence of the Classification of Recommendations, Evaluation, Development, and Evaluation System (GRADE). RESULTS The recommendations that make up this guide were gathered to assist in the individualized clinical practice of nutritionists in the nutritional management of patients with obesity, including nutritional management in the intragastric balloon; pre and postoperative nutritional treatment and supplementation in bariatric and metabolic surgeries (adolescents, adults, elderly, pregnant women, and vegetarians); hypoglycemia and reactive hyperinsulinemia; and recurrence of obesity, gut microbiota, and inflammatory bowel diseases. CONCLUSION We believe that this guide of recommendations will play a decisive role in the clinical practice of nutritionists who work in bariatric and metabolic surgery, with its implementation in health services, thus promoting quality and safety in the treatment of patients with obesity. The concept of precision nutrition is expected to change the way we understand and treat these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Elaine Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carina Rossoni
- Faculty of Medicine (ISAMB), Instituto of Environmental Health, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | - Silvia Leite Faria
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Alves Da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional in Bariatric Surgery, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Mela Umeda
- Medical Residency Program in Endrocrinology and Metabology, Ipiranga Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Nogueira
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ben Othman R, Ben Amor N, Mahjoub F, Berriche O, El Ghali C, Gamoudi A, Jamoussi H. A clinical trial about effects of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on weight loss, psychological profile and metabolic parameters in obese subjects. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e402. [PMID: 36606510 PMCID: PMC10000630 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The management of obesity is difficult with many failures of lifestyle measures, hence the need to broaden the range of treatments prescribed. The aim of our work was to study the influence of pre and probiotics on weight loss psychological profile and metabolic parameters in obese patients. METHODS It is a clinical trial involving 45 obese patients, recruited from the Obesity Unit of the National Institute of Nutrition between March and August 2022 divided into three groups: diet only (low-carbohydrate and reduced energy diet), prebiotics (30 g of carob/day) and probiotics (one tablet containing Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus/day). The three groups were matched for age, sex and BMI. Patients were seen after 1 month from the intervention. Anthropometric measures, biological parameters, dietary survey and psychological scores were performed. RESULTS The average age of our population was 48.73 ± 7.7 years, with a female predominance. All three groups showed a significant decrease in weight, BMI and waist circumference with p < .05. Only the prebiotic and probiotic group showed a significant decrease in fat mass (p = .001) and a significant increase in muscle strength with p = .008 and .004, but the differences were not significant between the three groups. Our results showed also a significant decrease in insulinemia and HOMA-IR in the prebiotic group compared to the diet-alone group (p = .03; p = .012) and the probiotic group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose compared to the diet alone group (p = .02). A significant improvement in sleep quality was noted in the prebiotic group (p = .02), with a significant decrease in depression, anxiety and stress in all three groups. CONCLUSIONS The prescription of prebiotics and probiotics with the lifestyle measures seems interesting for the management of obesity especially if it is sarcopenic, in addition to the improvement of metabolic parameters and obesity-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Ben Othman
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisInstitute National de Nutrition et de Technologie Alimentaire de Tunis and University of Tunis el ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Nadia Ben Amor
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisInstitute National de Nutrition et de Technologie Alimentaire de Tunis and University of Tunis el ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Faten Mahjoub
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisInstitute National de Nutrition et de Technologie Alimentaire de Tunis and University of Tunis el ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Olfa Berriche
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisInstitute National de Nutrition et de Technologie Alimentaire de Tunis and University of Tunis el ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Chaima El Ghali
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisInstitute National de Nutrition et de Technologie Alimentaire de Tunis and University of Tunis el ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Amel Gamoudi
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisInstitute National de Nutrition et de Technologie Alimentaire de Tunis and University of Tunis el ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Henda Jamoussi
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisInstitute National de Nutrition et de Technologie Alimentaire de Tunis and University of Tunis el ManarTunisTunisia
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Musazadeh V, Mohammadi Anilou M, Vajdi M, Karimi A, Sedgh Ahrabi S, Dehghan P. Effects of synbiotics supplementation on anthropometric and lipid profile parameters: Finding from an umbrella meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1121541. [PMID: 36908920 PMCID: PMC9995782 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1121541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been carried out to assess the impact of synbiotics on lipid profiles and anthropometric parameters. In this regard, an umbrella meta-analysis was performed to provide a more accurate view of the overall impacts of synbiotic supplementation on lipid profile and anthropometric parameters. Methods Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for this study from inception to January 2022. A random-effects model was applied to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on lipid profile and anthropometric parameters. The methodological quality of eligible articles was evaluated using the AMSTAR2 questionnaire. The GRADE approach was used to evaluate the overall certainty of the evidence in the meta-analyses. Results Meta-analyses of 17 studies revealed significant decreases in body mass index (BMI) (ES: -0.13 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.19, -0.06, p < 0.001, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.870), BW (ES: -1.30 kg; 95% CI: -2.19, -0.41, p = 0.004, I2 = 88.9%, p < 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (ES: -1.80 cm; 95% CI: -3.26, -0.34, p = 0.016, I2 = 94.1%, p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (ES: -2.81 mg/dl; 95% CI: -3.90, -1.72, p < 0.001, I2 = 95.1%, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (ES = -2.24 mg/dl; 95% CI: -3.18, -1.30, p < 0.001, I2 = 94.5%, p < 0.001), and triglyceride (TG) (ES: -0.43 mg/dl; 95% CI: -0.79, -0.07, p = 0.019, I2 = 78.0%, p < 0.001) but not high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (ES: 0.23 mg/dl; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.56, p = 0.193, I2 = 45.2%, p = 0.051) following synbiotic supplementation. Discussion The present umbrella meta-analysis suggests synbiotic supplementation can slightly improve lipid profile and anthropometric indices and might be a therapeutic option for obesity and its related disorders. Systematic review registration www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42022304376.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vali Musazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi Anilou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Vajdi
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arash Karimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sana Sedgh Ahrabi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Yu Z, Zhao D, Liu X. Nutritional supplements improve cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese patients: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1140019. [PMID: 37063314 PMCID: PMC10098366 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1140019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity are considered as one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). At present, many studies have proved that multiple nutritional supplements play an active role in metabolic diseases. However, the comparative efficacy of different nutritional supplements in improving indicators of cardiometabolic risk in obese and overweight patients is uncertain. Methods Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for the period from January 1990 to March 2022. A random-effect model was built in the Bayesian network meta-analysis. The surface under the cumulative ranking analysis (SUCRA) and clustering rank analysis was performed for ranking the effects. Results The study included 65 RCTs with 4,241 patients. In terms of glucose control, probiotic was more conductive to improve FBG (MD: -0.90; 95%CrI: -1.41 to -0.38), FINS (MD: -2.05; 95%CrI: -4.27 to -0.02), HOMA-IR (MD: -2.59; 95%CI -3.42 to -1.76). Probiotic (MD: -11.15, 95%CrI -22.16 to -1.26), omega-3 (MD: -9.45; 95%CrI: -20.69 to -0.93), VD (MD: -17.86; 95%CrI: -35.53 to -0.27), and probiotic +omega-3 (MD: 5.24; 95%CrI: 0.78 to 9.63) were beneficial to the improvement of TGs, TC and HDL-C, respectively. The SUCRA revealed that probiotic might be the best intervention to reduce FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR; Simultaneously, α-lipoic acid, VD, and probiotic + omega-3 might be the best intervention to improve TGs, TC, and HDL-C, respectively. Cluster-rank results revealed probiotic had the best comprehensive improvement effect on glucose metabolism, and probiotic + omega-3 may have a better comprehensive improvement effect on lipid metabolism (cluster-rank value for FBG and FINS: 3290.50 and for TGs and HDL-C: 2117.61). Conclusion Nutritional supplementation is effective on CVD risk factors in overweight and obese patients. Probiotic supplementation might be the best intervention for blood glucose control; VD, probiotic + omega-3 have a better impact on improving lipid metabolism. Further studies are required to verify the current findings.
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Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Multiple Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183726. [PMID: 36145102 PMCID: PMC9505003 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing concern about the impact of the gastrointestinal microbiome on human health outcomes. To clarify the evidence for a link between the gastrointestinal microbiome and a variety of health outcomes in humans, we conducted an all-encompassing review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews that included 195 meta-analyses containing 950 unique health outcomes. The gastrointestinal microbiome is related to mortality, gastrointestinal disease, immune and metabolic outcomes, neurological and psychiatric outcomes, maternal and infant outcomes, and other outcomes. Existing interventions for intestinal microbiota (such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplant, etc.) are generally safe and beneficial to a variety of human health outcomes, but the quality of evidence is not high, and more detailed and well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary.
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Effects of Fermented Milk Containing Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. lactis MN-Gup (MN-Gup) and MN-Gup-Based Synbiotics on Obesity Induced by High Fat Diet in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132631. [PMID: 35807812 PMCID: PMC9268376 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the probiotic effects previously found in Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup (MN-Gup) and its great application potential in dairy products, this study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented milk containing MN-Gup or MN-Gup-based synbiotics on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in rats. Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) were selected as the tested prebiotics in MN-Gup-based synbiotics due to their promotion of MN-Gup growth in vitro. After nine weeks of HFD feeding, the obese rats were intervened with fermented milk containing MN-Gup (MN-Gup FM) or its synbiotics (MN-Gup + GOS FM, MN-Gup + XOS FM) for eight weeks. The results showed that the interventions could alleviate HFD-induced body weight gain, epididymal fat deposition, adipocyte hypertrophy, dyslipidemia and inflammation, but GOS and XOS did not exhibit significant synergies with MN-Gup on those alleviations. Furthermore, the interventions could regulate the HFD-affected gut microbiota and microbial metabolites, as shown by the increases in short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and alterations in obesity-related bile acids (BAs), which may play important roles in the mechanism underlying the alleviation of obesity. This study revealed the probiotic effects of MN-Gup on alleviating obesity and provided the basis for MN-Gup applications in the future.
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Anti-obesity properties of probiotics; a considerable medical nutrition intervention: Findings from an umbrella meta-analysis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 928:175069. [PMID: 35659967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although several studies have indicated that consumption of probiotics is effective in the treatment of obesity, the results in this regard have yielded controversial findings. The current umbrella meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of probiotics supplementation on obesity indices in adults. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies published till November 2021. Meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effects model. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed. In total, 29 meta-analyses with 14,366 participants, including 112, 78, and 38 unique trials for body mass index (BMI), body weight (BW), and waist circumference (WC), were included in the study, respectively. The findings demonstrated that the probiotics supplementation was significantly effective on decreasing of BMI (ES = -0.21; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.13, p < 0.001; I2 = 83.0%, p < 0.001), BW (ES = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.60, -0.16; p < 0.001; I2 = 81.8%, p < 0.001), and WC (ES = -0.60; 95% CI: -0.89, -0.31; p < 0.001; I2 = 89.1%, p < 0.001). Greater effects on BW were observed when intervention duration was >8 weeks and on obese individuals. BMI was also greatly modified in participants with metabolic syndrome and when intervention duration lasted for ≥12 weeks. The methodological quality (AMSTAR2) was moderate in 83%, low in 10%, and critically low in 7% of included studies. The current umbrella meta-analysis indicated that supplementation of probiotics in adults led to a meaningful reduction in BW, BMI, and WC. Therefore, our findings strongly recommend supplementation with probiotics as a potent intervention in the management of obesity.
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Michels N, Zouiouich S, Vanderbauwhede B, Vanacker J, Indave Ruiz BI, Huybrechts I. Human microbiome and metabolic health: An overview of systematic reviews. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13409. [PMID: 34978141 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To summarize the microbiome's role in metabolic disorders (insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD], and metabolic syndrome), systematic reviews on observational or interventional studies (prebiotics/probiotics/synbiotics/transplant) were searched in MEDLINE and Embase until September 2020. The 87 selected systematic reviews included 57 meta-analyses. Methodological quality (AMSTAR2) was moderate in 62%, 12% low, and 26% critically low. Observational studies on obesity (10 reviews) reported less gut bacterial diversity with higher Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bacteroides fragilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas lower Methanobrevibacter, Lactobacillus plantarum, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Bifidobacterium animalis compared with nonobese. For diabetes (n = 1), the same was found for Fusobacterium and A. muciniphila, whereas higher Ruminococcus and lower Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Bacteroides vulgatus, and several Bifidobacterium spp. For NAFLD (n = 2), lower Firmicutes, Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, whereas higher Escherichia and Lactobacillus were detected. Discriminating bacteria overlapped between metabolic disorders, those with high abundance being often involved in inflammation, whereas those with low abundance being used as probiotics. Meta-analyses (n = 54) on interventional studies reported 522 associations: 54% was statistically significant with intermediate effect size and moderate between-study heterogeneity. Meta-evidence was highest for probiotics and lowest for fecal transplant. Future avenues include better methodological quality/comparability, testing functional differences, new intervention strategies, and considerating other body habitats and kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Semi Zouiouich
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Bert Vanderbauwhede
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Judith Vanacker
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Sawicka-Śmiarowska E, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Kamiński KA. Why Do These Microbes Like Me and How Could There Be a Link with Cardiovascular Risk Factors? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030599. [PMID: 35160056 PMCID: PMC8836897 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of hospitalization, death, and disability in Europe. Due to high prevalence and ensuing clinical complications, they lead to very high social and economic costs. Despite the knowledge of classical cardiovascular risk factors, there is an urgent need for discovering new factors that may play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases or potentially influence prognosis. Recently, particular attention has been drawn to the endogenous microflora of the human body, mostly those inhabiting the digestive system. It has been shown that bacteria, along with their host cells, create an interactive ecosystem of interdependencies and relationships. This interplay could influence both the metabolic homeostasis and the immune processes of the host, hence leading to cardiovascular disease development. In this review, we attempt to describe, in the context of cardiovascular risk factors, why particular microbes occur in individuals and how they might influence the host’s cardiovascular system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Sawicka-Śmiarowska
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfection, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Karol Adam Kamiński
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-8318-656
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Li T, Zhang Y, Song J, Chen L, Du M, Mao X. Yogurt Enriched with Inulin Ameliorated Reproductive Functions and Regulated Gut Microbiota in Dehydroepiandrosterone-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:279. [PMID: 35057459 PMCID: PMC8781812 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of synbiotic yogurt supplemented with inulin on the pathological manifestations and gut microbiota-bile acid axis were investigated using a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) mice model. Female C57BL/6J mice were injected subcutaneously with DHEA at a dose of 6 mg/100 g BW for 20 days to establish a PCOS mouse model. Then, the PCOS mice were treated with yogurt containing inulin (6% w/w) at 15 mL/kg BW for 24 days. Results showed that supplementation of synbiotic yogurt enriched with inulin to PCOS mice decreased the body weight gain, improved estrus cycles and ovary morphology, and reduced the levels of luteinizing hormone while increasing the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and interleukin-22 in serum. At the genus level, synbiotic yogurt increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia. PICRUSt analysis indicated that KEGG pathways including bile acid biosynthesis were changed after inulin-enriched synbiotic yogurt supplementation. Synbiotic yogurt enriched with inulin also modulated the bile acid profiles. In conclusion, inulin-enriched synbiotic yogurt alleviated reproductive dysfunction and modulated gut microbiota and bile acid profiles in PCOS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Lijun Chen
- Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co., Ltd., Beijing 100009, China;
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Xueying Mao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.L.); (Y.Z.)
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Wassenaar TM, Juncos VA, Zimmermann K. Interactions between the Gut Microbiome, Lung Conditions, and Coronary Heart Disease and How Probiotics Affect These. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189700. [PMID: 34575864 PMCID: PMC8472021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of a healthy microbiome cannot be overemphasized. Disturbances in its composition can lead to a variety of symptoms that can extend to other organs. Likewise, acute or chronic conditions in other organs can affect the composition and physiology of the gut microbiome. Here, we discuss interorgan communication along the gut–lung axis, as well as interactions between lung and coronary heart diseases and between cardiovascular disease and the gut microbiome. This triangle of organs, which also affects the clinical outcome of COVID-19 infections, is connected by means of numerous receptors and effectors, including immune cells and immune-modulating factors such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and trimethlamine–N–oxide (TMAO). The gut microbiome plays an important role in each of these, thus affecting the health of the lungs and the heart, and this interplay occurs in both directions. The gut microbiome can be influenced by the oral uptake of probiotics. With an improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for interorgan communication, we can start to define what requirements an ‘ideal’ probiotic should have and its role in this triangle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy M. Wassenaar
- Molecular Microbiology and Genomics Consultants, Tannenstrasse 7, 55576 Zotzenheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina A. Juncos
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72209, USA;
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Anggeraini AS, Massi MN, Hamid F, Ahmad A, As'ad S, Bukhari A. Effects of synbiotic supplement on body weight and fasting blood glucose levels in obesity: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 68:102548. [PMID: 34434546 PMCID: PMC8376682 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and diabetes are related. The role of gut microbiota disruption in obesity has been reported as a cause of several metabolic diseases including diabetes. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation (a combination of probiotic and prebiotic) on body weight (BW), Body Mass Index (BMI), and Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) in obese subjects. METHODS This study was a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled. Participants were allocated with randomization into 2 groups: the obese group with synbiotic supplementation and the obese group with placebo; each group consists of 8 participants. BW, BMI, and FBG level were measured at baseline, 8 weeks after supplementation, and 4 weeks after terminating the supplementation. RESULTS There were no significant change of body weight and BMI after 8 weeks synbiotics supplementation and 4 weeks after supplement discontinuation, but there were significant increases in body weight by 3.38 kg and BMI by 1.37 kg/m2 in the control group. Fasting blood glucose levels were significantly decreased by 6.125 mg/dL after synbiotic supplementation. FBG did not resume 4 weeks after terminating the supplementation. In contrast, there was a significant increase of FBG in control group on week 8 and was further increased 4 weeks after placebo was discontinued. CONCLUSIONS Synbiotic supplementation may prevent increase of body weight and BMI in obesity and this may be related with lower fasting blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Salsa Anggeraini
- Department of Microbiology, Makassar Muhammadiyah University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Doctorate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Nasrum Massi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Firdaus Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ahyar Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Suryani As'ad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Agussalim Bukhari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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22
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Pontes KSDS, Guedes MR, Cunha MRD, Mattos SDS, Barreto Silva MI, Neves MF, Marques BCAA, Klein MRST. Effects of probiotics on body adiposity and cardiovascular risk markers in individuals with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4915-4931. [PMID: 34358838 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Evidence suggests that gut microbiota is a potential factor in the pathophysiology of both obesity and related metabolic disorders. While individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the effects of probiotics on adiposity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in subjects with overweight and obesity, the results are inconsistent. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on body weight, body adiposity and CVD risk markers in overweight and obese subjects. METHODS A systematic search for RCTs published up to December 2020 was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus and LILACS. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model was chosen to analyze the impact of combined trials. RESULTS Twenty-six RCTs (n = 1720) were included. Data pooling showed a significant effect of probiotics in reducing body weight (MD:-0.70 kg; 95%CI:-1.04,-0.35 kg; P < 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (MD:-0.24 kg/m2; 95%CI:-0.35,-0.12 kg/m2; P = 0.0001), waist circumference (WC) (MD:-1.13 cm; 95%CI:-1.54,-0.73 cm; P < 0.0001), fat mass (MD:-0.71 kg; 95%CI:-1.10,-0.32 kg; P = 0.0004), tumor necrosis factor-α (MD:-0.16 pg/ml; 95%CI:-0.24,-0.08 pg/ml; P = 0.0001), insulin (MD:-0.85mcU/ml; 95%CI:-1.50,-0.21mcU/ml; P = 0.010), total cholesterol (MD:-0.16 mmol/l; 95%CI:-0.26,-0.05 mmol/l; P = 0.003) and LDL (MD:-0.09 mmol/l; 95%CI:-0.16,-0.03 mmol/l; P = 0.006) compared with control groups. There was a significant decrease in body weight, BMI and WC in studies using both single and multi-bacterial species. Decreases in body adiposity parameters were only observed in studies using a probiotic dose of ≥ 1010 CFU and for ≥8 weeks duration. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggests that probiotics consumption may be helpful for improving body weight, body adiposity and some CVD risk markers in individuals with overweight and obesity. The review was registered on PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews): CRD42020183136.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Scanci da Silva Pontes
- Post-Graduation Program in Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Professor Manuel de Abreu, 444, Térreo - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Marcella Rodrigues Guedes
- Post-Graduation Program in Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Professor Manuel de Abreu, 444, Térreo - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Michelle Rabello da Cunha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Samanta de Souza Mattos
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Maria Inês Barreto Silva
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 - Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 12º Andar, Bloco D, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20559-900, Brazil; Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 296, Botafogo, 3º Andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-250, Brazil.
| | - Mario Fritsch Neves
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Cristina Antunes Alves Marques
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Av. Binário do Porto, 831, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20081-250, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Regina Simas Torres Klein
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 - Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 12º Andar, Bloco D, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20559-900, Brazil.
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23
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Lecerf JM. Le rôle du microbiote en santé humaine. ACTUALITES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actpha.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Déchelotte P, Breton J, Trotin-Picolo C, Grube B, Erlenbeck C, Bothe G, Fetissov SO, Lambert G. The Probiotic Strain H. alvei HA4597 ® Improves Weight Loss in Overweight Subjects under Moderate Hypocaloric Diet: A Proof-of-Concept, Multicenter Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061902. [PMID: 34205871 PMCID: PMC8227740 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence supports the role of the gut microbiota in the control of body weight and feeding behavior. Moreover, recent studies have reported that the probiotic strain Hafnia alvei HA4597® (HA), which produces the satietogenic peptide ClpB mimicking the effect of alpha-MSH, reduced weight gain and adiposity in rodent models of obesity. Methods: To investigate the clinical efficacy of HA, 236 overweight subjects were included, after written informed consent, in a 12-week prospective, double-blind, randomized study. All subjects received standardized counselling for a −20% hypocaloric diet and were asked to maintain their usual physical activity. Subjects of the HA group received two capsules per day providing 100 billion bacteria per day and subjects in the Placebo (P) group received two placebo capsules. The primary endpoint was the percentage of subjects achieving a weight loss of at least 3% after 12 weeks. Intention-to-treat statistical analysis was performed using exact-Fischer, Mann-Whitney and paired-Wilcoxon tests as appropriate. Results: In the HA group, significantly more subjects (+33%) met the primary endpoint than in the P group (54.9 vs. 41.4%, p = 0.048). In the HA group, an increased feeling of fullness (p = 0.009) and a greater loss of hip circumference (p < 0.001) at 12 weeks were also observed. Fasting glycemia at 12 weeks was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the HA compared to P group. Clinical and biological tolerance was good in both groups. Conclusions: A 12-week treatment with the probiotic strain H. alvei HA4597® significantly improves weight loss, feeling of fullness and reduction of hip circumference in overweight subjects following moderate hypocaloric diet. These data support the use of H. alvei HA4597® in the global management of excess weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Déchelotte
- Inserm UMR 1073, 76000 Rouen, France;
- Nutrition Department, University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Biology, Rouen Normandy University, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jonathan Breton
- Inserm UMR 1073, 76000 Rouen, France;
- Nutrition Department, University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Biology, Rouen Normandy University, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
| | | | - Barbara Grube
- Practice for General Medicine, 12169 Berlin, Germany;
| | | | - Gordana Bothe
- Analyze & Realize GmbH, 13467 Berlin, Germany; (C.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Sergueï O. Fetissov
- Department of Biology, Rouen Normandy University, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
- Inserm UMR 1239, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Won G, Choi SI, Kang CH, Kim GH. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MG4296 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MG5012 Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Palmitic Acid-Induced HepG2 Cells and High Fat Diet-Induced Mice. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1139. [PMID: 34070604 PMCID: PMC8228052 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MG4296 (MG4296) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MG5012 (MG5012) on insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes-related metabolic changes in palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells and high-fat diet-induced mice. In vitro, cell-free extracts of MG4296 and MG5012 alleviated IR by increasing glucose uptake and glycogen content in PA-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. In vivo, MG4296 and MG5012 supplementation markedly decreased body weight and glucose tolerance. Administration of both strains also improved serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, triglyceride, LDL/HDL ratio, and homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Histopathological analysis of liver tissue demonstrated a significant reduction in lipid accumulation and glycogen content. Moreover, MG4296 and MG5012 treatment enhanced phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) expression in the liver. Overall, MG4296 and MG5012 could prevent HFD-induced glucose tolerance and hyperglycemia by improving IR. Therefore, L. plantarum MG4296 and L. paracasei MG5012 could be useful as new probiotics candidates to improve T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayeong Won
- Department of Health Functional New Materials, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea;
| | - Soo-Im Choi
- Department of Health Functional New Materials, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea;
| | | | - Gun-Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea
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Li R, Andreu-Sánchez S, Kuipers F, Fu J. Gut microbiome and bile acids in obesity-related diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101493. [PMID: 33707081 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysbiosis has been implemented in the etiologies of obesity-related chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, NAFLD and cardiovascular diseases. Bile acids, a class of amphipathic steroids produced in the liver and extensively modified by the microbiome, are increasingly recognized as actors in onset and progression of these diseases. Indeed, human obesity is associated with altered bile acid metabolism. Bile acids facilitate intestinal fat absorption but also exert hormone-like functions through activation of nuclear and membrane-bound receptors and thereby modulate glucose, lipid and energy metabolism, intestinal integrity and immunity. Bile acid-signaling pathways have thus been identified as potential pharmacological targets for obesity-related diseases. Interfering with microbiome composition may also be considered, as liver- and microbiome-derived bile acid species have different signaling functions. This review summarizes recent developments in this rapidly expanding field of research and addresses potential clinical prospects of interference with bile acid signaling pathways in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Sergio Andreu-Sánchez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Mayer SB, Graybill S, Raffa SD, Tracy C, Gaar E, Wisbach G, Goldstein MG, Sall J. Synopsis of the 2020 U.S. VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Adult Overweight and Obesity. Mil Med 2021; 186:884-896. [PMID: 33904926 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In May of 2020, the U.S. Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and Department of Defense (DoD) approved a new joint clinical practice guideline for assessing and managing patients who have overweight and obesity. This guideline is intended to give healthcare teams a framework by which to screen, evaluate, treat, and manage the individual needs and preferences of VA and DoD patients who may have either of these conditions. It can be accessed at https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/CD/obesity/. MATERIALS AND METHODS In January of 2019, the VA/DoD Evidence-Based Practice Work Group convened a joint VA/DoD guideline development effort that included clinical stakeholders and conformed to the Institute of Medicine's tenets for trustworthy clinical practice guidelines. RESULTS The guideline panel developed 12 key questions, systematically searched and evaluated the literature, created a 1-page algorithm, and advanced 18 recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. CONCLUSIONS This synopsis summarizes the key recommendations of the guideline regarding management of overweight and obesity, including referral to comprehensive lifestyle interventions that combine behavioral, dietary, and physical activity change, and additional tools of pharmacologic and procedural interventions. Additionally, recommendations based on evidence found in the literature for short-term weight loss are included. A clinical practice algorithm that is part of the guideline is also included. Additional materials, such as provider and patient summaries and a provider pocket card, are also available for public use, accessible at the U.S. Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) website listed above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie B Mayer
- Division of Endocrinology Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Sky Graybill
- Endocrinology, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Susan D Raffa
- VHA National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher Tracy
- Rheumatology Service, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC 28310, USA
| | - Earl Gaar
- University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Gordon Wisbach
- Director, Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery Program Naval Medical Readiness, & Training Center, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
| | - Michael G Goldstein
- VHA National Center for Health Promotion, and Disease Prevention, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - James Sall
- Office of Quality, Safety, and Value, Veterans Administration Central Office, New Braunfels, TX 78130, USA
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28
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Zhang Y, Yan T, Xu C, Yang H, Zhang T, Liu Y. Probiotics Can Further Reduce Waist Circumference in Adults with Morbid Obesity after Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5542626. [PMID: 33859706 PMCID: PMC8032506 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5542626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Whether probiotics could be used as an adjunct to bariatric surgery is controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on body weight, body mass index (BMI), percentage of the excess weight loss (%EWL), waist circumference (WC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in adults with obesity after bariatric surgery (BS). PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials were searched from the earliest record to March 2020. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of probiotics in adults with obesity after bariatric surgery were analyzed according to the eligibility criteria. Four RCTs, including 172 participants, were analyzed. There was a statistically significant difference in probiotics in the reduction of waist circumference at 12 months after bariatric surgery. However, probiotics were not effective in weight, BMI, %EWL, WC, and CRP both within 3 months and at 12 months postoperation. Probiotics aid adults with morbid obesity in achieving further waist circumference improvement after BS, with no significant effect on weight, BMI, %EWL, and CRP. More quality clinical studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of probiotics, and address a number of practical issues before the routine clinical use of probiotics in adults with obesity undergoing BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenxin Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huawu Yang
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
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Bousquet J, Anto JM, Czarlewski W, Haahtela T, Fonseca SC, Iaccarino G, Blain H, Vidal A, Sheikh A, Akdis CA, Zuberbier T, Hamzah Abdul Latiff A, Abdullah B, Aberer W, Abusada N, Adcock I, Afani A, Agache I, Aggelidis X, Agustin J, Akdis M, Al‐Ahmad M, Al‐Zahab Bassam A, Alburdan H, Aldrey‐Palacios O, Alvarez Cuesta E, Alwan Salman H, Alzaabi A, Amade S, Ambrocio G, Angles R, Annesi‐Maesano I, Ansotegui IJ, Anto J, Ara Bardajo P, Arasi S, Arshad H, Cristina Artesani M, Asayag E, Avolio F, Azhari K, Bachert C, Bagnasco D, Baiardini I, Bajrović N, Bakakos P, Bakeyala Mongono S, Balotro‐Torres C, Barba S, Barbara C, Barbosa E, Barreto B, Bartra J, Bateman ED, Battur L, Bedbrook A, Bedolla Barajas M, Beghé B, Bekere A, Bel E, Ben Kheder A, Benson M, Berghea EC, Bergmann K, Bernardini R, Bernstein D, Bewick M, Bialek S, Białoszewski A, Bieber T, Billo NE, Bilo MB, Bindslev‐Jensen C, Bjermer L, Bobolea I, Bochenska Marciniak M, Bond C, Boner A, Bonini M, Bonini S, Bosnic‐Anticevich S, Bosse I, Botskariova S, Bouchard J, Boulet L, Bourret R, Bousquet P, Braido F, Briggs A, Brightling CE, Brozek J, Brussino L, Buhl R, Bumbacea R, Buquicchio R, Burguete Cabañas M, Bush A, Busse WW, Buters J, Caballero‐Fonseca F, Calderon MA, Calvo M, Camargos P, Camuzat T, Canevari F, Cano A, Canonica GW, Capriles‐Hulett A, Caraballo L, Cardona V, Carlsen K, Carmon Pirez J, Caro J, Carr W, Carreiro‐Martins P, Carreon‐Asuncion F, Carriazo A, Casale T, Castor M, Castro E, Caviglia A, Cecchi L, Cepeda Sarabia A, Chandrasekharan R, Chang Y, Chato‐Andeza V, Chatzi L, Chatzidaki C, Chavannes NH, Chaves Loureiro C, Chelninska M, Chen Y, Cheng L, Chinthrajah S, Chivato T, Chkhartishvili E, Christoff G, Chrystyn H, Chu DK, Chua A, Chuchalin A, Chung KF, Cicerán A, Cingi C, Ciprandi G, Cirule I, Coelho AC, Compalati E, Constantinidis J, Correia de Sousa J, Costa EM, Costa D, Costa Domínguez MDC, Coste A, Cottini M, Cox L, Crisci C, Crivellaro MA, Cruz AA, Cullen J, Custovic A, Cvetkovski B, Czarlewski W, D'Amato G, Silva J, Dahl R, Dahlen S, Daniilidis V, DarjaziniNahhas L, Darsow U, Davies J, Blay F, De Feo G, De Guia E, los Santos C, De Manuel Keenoy E, De Vries G, Deleanu D, Demoly P, Denburg J, Devillier P, Didier A, Dimic Janjic S, Dimou M, Dinh‐Xuan AT, Djukanovic R, Do Ceu Texeira M, Dokic D, Dominguez Silva MG, Douagui H, Douladiris N, Doulaptsi M, Dray G, Dubakiene R, Dupas E, Durham S, Duse M, Dykewicz M, Ebo D, Edelbaher N, Eiwegger T, Eklund P, El‐Gamal Y, El‐Sayed ZA, El‐Sayed SS, El‐Seify M, Emuzyte R, Enecilla L, Erhola M, Espinoza H, Espinoza Contreras JG, Farrell J, Fernandez L, Fink Wagner A, Fiocchi A, Fokkens WJ, Lenia F, Fonseca JA, Fontaine J, Forastiere F, Fuentes Pèrez JM, Gaerlan–Resureccion E, Gaga M, Gálvez Romero JL, Gamkrelidze A, Garcia A, García Cobas CY, García Cruz MDLLH, Gayraud J, Gelardi M, Gemicioglu B, Gennimata D, Genova S, Gereda J, Gerth van Wijk R, Giuliano A, Gomez M, González Diaz S, Gotua M, Grigoreas C, Grisle I, Gualteiro L, Guidacci M, Guldemond N, Gutter Z, Guzmán A, Halloum R, Halpin D, Hamelmann E, Hammadi S, Harvey R, Heffler E, Heinrich J, Hejjaoui A, Hellquist‐Dahl B, Hernández Velázquez L, Hew M, Hossny E, Howarth P, Hrubiško M, Huerta Villalobos YR, Humbert M, Salina H, Hyland M, Ibrahim M, Ilina N, Illario M, Incorvaia C, Infantino A, Irani C, Ispayeva Z, Ivancevich J, E.J. Jares E, Jarvis D, Jassem E, Jenko K, Jiméneracruz Uscanga RD, Johnston SL, Joos G, Jošt M, Julge K, Jung K, Just J, Jutel M, Kaidashev I, Kalayci O, Kalyoncu F, Kapsali J, Kardas P, Karjalainen J, Kasala CA, Katotomichelakis M, Kavaliukaite L, Kazi BS, Keil T, Keith P, Khaitov M, Khaltaev N, Kim Y, Kirenga B, Kleine‐Tebbe J, Klimek L, Koffi N’Goran B, Kompoti E, Kopač P, Koppelman G, KorenJeverica A, Koskinen S, Košnik M, Kostov KV, Kowalski ML, Kralimarkova T, Kramer Vrščaj K, Kraxner H, Kreft S, Kritikos V, Kudlay D, Kuitunen M, Kull I, Kuna P, Kupczyk M, Kvedariene V, Kyriakakou M, Lalek N, Landi M, Lane S, Larenas‐Linnemann D, Lau S, Laune D, Lavrut J, Le L, Lenzenhuber M, Lessa M, Levin M, Li J, Lieberman P, Liotta G, Lipworth B, Liu X, Lobo R, Lodrup Carlsen KC, Lombardi C, Louis R, Loukidis S, Lourenço O, Luna Pech JA, Madjar B, Maggi E, Magnan A, Mahboub B, Mair A, Mais Y, Maitland van der Zee A, Makela M, Makris M, Malling H, Mandajieva M, Manning P, Manousakis M, Maragoudakis P, Marseglia G, Marshall G, Reza Masjedi M, Máspero JF, Matta Campos JJ, Maurer M, Mavale‐Manuel S, Meço C, Melén E, Melioli G, Melo‐Gomes E, Meltzer EO, Menditto E, Menzies‐Gow A, Merk H, Michel J, Micheli Y, Miculinic N, Midão L, Mihaltan F, Mikos N, Milanese M, Milenkovic B, Mitsias D, Moalla B, Moda G, Mogica Martínez MD, Mohammad Y, Moin M, Molimard M, Momas I, Mommers M, Monaco A, Montefort S, Mora D, Morais‐Almeida M, Mösges R, Mostafa B, Mullol J, Münter L, Muraro A, Murray R, Musarra A, Mustakov T, Naclerio R, Nadeau KC, Nadif R, Nakonechna A, Namazova‐Baranova L, Navarro‐Locsin G, Neffen H, Nekam K, Neou A, Nettis E, Neuberger D, Nicod L, Nicola S, Niederberger‐Leppin V, Niedoszytko M, Nieto A, Novellino E, Nunes E, Nyembue D, O’Hehir R, Odjakova C, Ohta K, Okamoto Y, Okubo K, Oliver B, Onorato GL, Pia Orru M, Ouédraogo S, Ouoba K, Paggiaro PL, Pagkalos A, Pajno G, Pala G, Palaniappan S, Pali‐Schöll I, Palkonen S, Palmer S, Panaitescu Bunu C, Panzner P, Papadopoulos NG, Papanikolaou V, Papi A, Paralchev B, Paraskevopoulos G, Park H, Passalacqua G, Patella V, Pavord I, Pawankar R, Pedersen S, Peleve S, Pellegino S, Pereira A, Pérez T, Perna A, Peroni D, Pfaar O, Pham‐Thi N, Pigearias B, Pin I, Piskou K, Pitsios C, Plavec D, Poethig D, Pohl W, Poplas Susic A, Popov TA, Portejoie F, Potter P, Poulsen L, Prados‐Torres A, Prarros F, Price D, Prokopakis E, Puggioni F, Puig‐Domenech E, Puy R, Rabe K, Raciborski F, Ramos J, Recto MT, Reda SM, Regateiro FS, Reider N, Reitsma S, Repka‐Ramirez S, Ridolo E, Rimmer J, Rivero Yeverino D, Angelo Rizzo J, Robalo‐Cordeiro C, Roberts G, Roche N, Rodríguez González M, Rodríguez Zagal E, Rolla G, Rolland C, Roller‐Wirnsberger R, Roman Rodriguez M, Romano A, Romantowski J, Rombaux P, Romualdez J, Rosado‐Pinto J, Rosario N, Rosenwasser L, Rossi O, Rottem M, Rouadi P, Rovina N, Rozman Sinur I, Ruiz M, Ruiz Segura LT, Ryan D, Sagara H, Sakai D, Sakurai D, Saleh W, Salimaki J, Samitas K, Samolinski B, Sánchez Coronel MG, Sanchez‐Borges M, Sanchez‐Lopez J, Sarafoleanu C, Sarquis Serpa F, Sastre‐Dominguez J, Savi E, Sawaf B, Scadding GK, Scheire S, Schmid‐Grendelmeier P, Schuhl JF, Schunemann H, Schvalbová M, Schwarze J, Scichilone N, Senna G, Sepúlveda C, Serrano E, Shields M, Shishkov V, Siafakas N, Simeonov A, FER Simons E, Carlos Sisul J, Sitkauskiene B, Skrindo I, SokličKošak T, Solé D, Sooronbaev T, Soto‐Martinez M, Soto‐Quiros M, Sousa Pinto B, Sova M, Soyka M, Specjalski K, Spranger O, Stamataki S, Stefanaki L, Stellato C, Stelmach R, Strandberg T, Stute P, Subramaniam A, Suppli Ulrik C, Sutherland M, Sylvestre S, Syrigou A, Taborda Barata L, Takovska N, Tan R, Tan F, Tan V, Ping Tang I, Taniguchi M, Tannert L, Tantilipikorn P, Tattersall J, Tesi F, Thijs C, Thomas M, To T, Todo‐Bom A, Togias A, Tomazic P, Tomic‐Spiric V, Toppila‐Salmi S, Toskala E, Triggiani M, Triller N, Triller K, Tsiligianni I, Uberti M, Ulmeanu R, Urbancic J, Urrutia Pereira M, Vachova M, Valdés F, Valenta R, Valentin Rostan M, Valero A, Valiulis A, Vallianatou M, Valovirta E, Van Eerd M, Van Ganse E, Hage M, Vandenplas O, Vasankari T, Vassileva D, Velasco Munoz C, Ventura MT, Vera‐Munoz C, Vicheva D, Vichyanond P, Vidgren P, Viegi G, Vogelmeier C, Von Hertzen L, Vontetsianos T, Vourdas D, Tran Thien Quan V, Wagenmann M, Walker S, Wallace D, Wang DY, Waserman S, Wickman M, Williams S, Williams D, Wilson N, Wong G, Woo K, Wright J, Wroczynski P, Xepapadaki P, Yakovliev P, Yamaguchi M, Yan K, Yeow Yap Y, Yawn B, Yiallouros P, Yorgancioglu A, Yoshihara S, Young I, Yusuf OB, Zaidi A, Zaitoun F, Zar H, Zedda M, Zernotti ME, Zhang L, Zhong N, Zidarn M, Zubrinich C. Cabbage and fermented vegetables: From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19. Allergy 2021; 76:735-750. [PMID: 32762135 PMCID: PMC7436771 DOI: 10.1111/all.14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Large differences in COVID‐19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS‐CoV‐2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS‐CoV‐2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID‐19. The nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT1R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof‐of‐concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2‐associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID‐19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bousquet
- Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Berlin Institute of HealthComprehensive Allergy Center Berlin Germany
- MACVIA‐France and CHU Montpellier France
| | - Josep M. Anto
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) ISGlobAL Barcelona Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Susana C. Fonseca
- Faculty of Sciences GreenUPorto ‐ Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre DGAOTUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences Federico II University Napoli Italy
| | - Hubert Blain
- Department of Geriatrics Montpellier University hospital and MUSE Montpellier France
| | - Alain Vidal
- World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Geneva Switzerland
- AgroParisTech ‐ Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences Paris France
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute University of Edinburgh Scotland, UK
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Berlin Institute of HealthComprehensive Allergy Center Berlin Germany
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Balaguer F, Enrique M, Llopis S, Barrena M, Navarro V, Álvarez B, Chenoll E, Ramón D, Tortajada M, Martorell P. Lipoteichoic acid from Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BPL1: a novel postbiotic that reduces fat deposition via IGF-1 pathway. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:805-816. [PMID: 33620143 PMCID: PMC8913875 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its related metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, are major risk factors for morbidity and mortality in the world population. In this context, supplementation with the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BPL1 (CECT8145) has been shown to ameliorate obesity biomarkers. Analyzing the basis of this observation and using the pre-clinical model Caenorhabditis elegans, we have found that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of BPL1 is responsible for its fat-reducing properties and that this attribute is preserved under hyperglycaemic conditions. This fat-reducing capacity of both BPL1 and LTA-BPL1 is abolished under glucose restriction, as a result of changes in LTA chemical composition. Moreover, we have demonstrated that LTA exerts this function through the IGF-1 pathway, as does BPL1 strain. These results open the possibility of using LTA as a novel postbiotic, whose beneficial properties can be applied therapeutically and/or preventively in metabolic syndrome and diabetes-related disorders.
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Werner SS, Binder N, Toews I, Schünemann HJ, Meerpohl JJ, Schwingshackl L. Use of GRADE in evidence syntheses published in high-impact-factor nutrition journals: A methodological survey. J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 135:54-69. [PMID: 33588024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify and describe the use of the GRADE approach for rating the certainty of evidence in nutrition systematic reviews (SRs). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We systematically searched for SRs using GRADE that were published between 2015 and 2019 in the 10 "nutrition" journals with the highest impact factor according to the JCR 2018. RESULTS Out of 800 SRs, 55 SRs of randomized control trials (RCTs) and/or nonrandomized studies (NRSs) used GRADE. Forty-seven SRs (5.9%) rated the outcome specific certainty of evidence (n = 36 in 2018/2019). We identified a total of 465 certainty of evidence outcome ratings (n = 335 RCT ratings), ranging from very-low (28.8%) to low (41%), moderate (26.5%), and high (3.7%). Very-low and high certainty of evidence ratings accounted for 61.4% and 0.8% of ratings in SRs of NRSs, compared to 16.1% and 4.8% in SRs of RCTs. Certainty of evidence was downgraded mostly for risk of bias (37.8%) and imprecision (33%) in SRs of RCTs and for imprecision (32.7%), risk of bias (29.4%) and inconsistency (29%) in SRs of NRSs. CONCLUSION Our study suggests a need for directing more attention toward strengthening acceptance of GRADE as well as building knowledge of the GRADE methodology in nutrition evidence synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Werner
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Binder
- Institute of Digitalization in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Toews
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Holger J Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joerg J Meerpohl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Cochrane Germany, Cochrane Germany Foundation, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Tomé-Castro XM, Rodriguez-Arrastia M, Cardona D, Rueda-Ruzafa L, Molina-Torres G, Roman P. Probiotics as a therapeutic strategy in obesity and overweight: a systematic review. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:5-15. [PMID: 33459204 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are two of the most health challenges with an increasing prevalence in recent years, in which several complications have been identified to have a high impact in patients' health conditions. In this vein, an increasing interest in the gut microbiota has emerged as a target for therapeutic strategies in obesity and overweight due to its direct relation with the aforementioned health conditions and complications. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics as a therapeutic strategy in the management of obesity and overweight. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials was carried out in 6 databases until May 2019 to assess the use of probiotics in obesity and overweight patients. The Jadad Scale was used to assess the quality of the clinical trials. Twenty-three clinical trials published between 2000 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria. The role of probiotics in reducing body mass index and weight as well as changing the visceral abdominal fat area, waist and hip circumference were shown in 14 of 23 trials (60.87%); 14 trials (60.87%) showed changes on patients' fatty acids and biomarkers; and 4 trials (17.39%) studied the role of the gut microbiota in obese and overweight patients. Some probiotics strains are shown to be effective in reducing body mass index and hip circumference. This review provides evidence of successful results in weight loss using probiotic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Tomé-Castro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - M Rodriguez-Arrastia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pre-Department of Nursing, Jaume I University, Av. Sos Baynat, 12071 Castello de la Plana, Spain.,Research Group CYS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Av. Sos Baynat, 12071 Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - D Cardona
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Centre, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - L Rueda-Ruzafa
- Research Group CTS-451 Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - G Molina-Torres
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, C/Santander 1, 52071 Melilla, Spain
| | - P Roman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Centre, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain.,Research Group CTS-451 Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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Daily supplementation with the Lab4P probiotic consortium induces significant weight loss in overweight adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5. [PMID: 33408364 PMCID: PMC7788077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This 9-month randomised, parallel, double-blind, single-centre, placebo-controlled study (PROBE, ISRCTN18030882) assessed the impact of probiotic supplementation on bodyweight. Seventy overweight Bulgarian participants aged 45-65 years with BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 received a daily dose of the Lab4P probiotic comprising lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (50 billion cfu/day). Participants maintained their normal diet and lifestyle over the duration of the study. The primary outcome was change from baseline in body weight and secondary outcomes included changes in waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure. A significant between group decrease in body weight (3.16 kg, 95% CI 3.94, 2.38, p < 0.0001) was detected favouring the probiotic group. Supplementation also resulted in significant between group decreases in waist circumference (2.58 cm, 95% CI 3.23, 1.94, p < 0.0001) and hip circumference (2.66 cm, 95% CI 3.28, 2.05, p < 0.0001) but no changes in blood pressure were observed. These findings support the outcomes of a previous shorter-term Lab4P intervention study in overweight and obese participants (PROMAGEN, ISRCTN12562026). We conclude that Lab4P has consistent weight modulation capability in free-living overweight adults.
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Barengolts E, Salim M, Akbar A, Salim F. <p>Probiotics for Prosperity: Is There a Role for Probiotics in the Fight Against Obesity? Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials</p>. NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2020. [DOI: 10.2147/nds.s243097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Edwards PT, Kashyap PC, Preidis GA. Microbiota on biotics: probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics to optimize growth and metabolism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G382-G390. [PMID: 32755308 PMCID: PMC7509258 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00028.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The early stages of the metagenomics era produced countless observational studies linking various human diseases to alterations in the gut microbiota. Only recently have we begun to decipher the causal roles that gut microbes play in many of these conditions. Despite an incomplete understanding of how gut microbes influence pathophysiology, clinical trials have tested empirically numerous microbiota-targeting therapies to prevent or treat disease. Unsurprisingly, these trials have yielded mixed results. Nonetheless, the consumer market for probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics continues to grow. This theme paper highlights recent discoveries of mechanisms underlying diet-microbial-host interactions as they pertain to growth and metabolism and discusses current and future applications of microbiota-targeting therapies in the context of child malnutrition as well as obesity and its metabolic comorbidities, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. We also highlight current challenges and identify future directions to facilitate a more efficient and direct path to clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Price T. Edwards
- 1Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Purna C. Kashyap
- 2Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Geoffrey A. Preidis
- 1Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Effects of Microecological Preparations on Obese Patients after Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8724546. [PMID: 32595746 PMCID: PMC7281838 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8724546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin deficiency, bacterial overgrowth, and gastrointestinal symptoms can be detected in obese patients after bariatric surgery that influences their quality of life (QoL) and weight. It is unclear if microecological preparations benefit obese patients following bariatric surgery. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of microecological preparations on QoL, excess weight loss (EWL), and levels of vitamin B12 and inflammatory markers. We searched seven databases to identify reports published till December 1, 2019, and included randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of microecological preparations in obese adults undergoing bariatric surgery. The primary outcomes included QoL and EWL, while secondary outcomes comprised serum levels of vitamin B12, interleukin 6, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Study bias was analyzed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager. The mean difference in outcomes was calculated using standardized mean difference (SMD) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. A majority of the studies showed a low or moderate risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed significantly higher levels of vitamin B12 in postoperative patients administered with microecological preparations (SMD = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.08–0.95; P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in QoL (SMD = −0.14; 95% CI = −0.45–0.17; P = 0.38), EWL (SMD = 0.45; 95% CI = −0.16–1.05; P = 0.15), and levels of TNF-α (SMD = −0.29; 95% CI = −0.64–0.05; P = 0.09), interleukin 6 (SMD = −0.1; 95% CI = −0.81–0.61; P = 0.78]), and CRP (SMD = 0.02; 95% CI = −0.32–0.36; P = 0.93). The trials examined indicated that microecological preparations had limited efficacy in improving QoL, EWL, and inflammatory response, but they stimulated the synthesis of vitamin B12. This may help in designing efficient microecological preparations to supplement bariatric surgery in obese individuals.
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A randomised controlled study shows supplementation of overweight and obese adults with lactobacilli and bifidobacteria reduces bodyweight and improves well-being. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4183. [PMID: 32144319 PMCID: PMC7060206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In an exploratory, block-randomised, parallel, double-blind, single-centre, placebo-controlled superiority study (ISRCTN12562026, funded by Cultech Ltd), 220 Bulgarian participants (30 to 65 years old) with BMI 25-34.9 kg/m2 received Lab4P probiotic (50 billion/day) or a matched placebo for 6 months. Participants maintained their normal diet and lifestyle. Primary outcomes were changes in body weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), blood pressure and plasma lipids. Secondary outcomes were changes in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), the diversity of the faecal microbiota, quality of life (QoL) assessments and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Significant between group decreases in body weight (1.3 kg, p < 0.0001), BMI (0.045 kg/m2, p < 0.0001), WC (0.94 cm, p < 0.0001) and WtHR (0.006, p < 0.0001) were in favour of the probiotic. Stratification identified greater body weight reductions in overweight subjects (1.88%, p < 0.0001) and in females (1.62%, p = 0.0005). Greatest weight losses were among probiotic hypercholesterolaemic participants (-2.5%, p < 0.0001) alongside a significant between group reduction in small dense LDL-cholesterol (0.2 mmol/L, p = 0.0241). Improvements in QoL and the incidence rate ratio of URTI (0.60, p < 0.0001) were recorded for the probiotic group. No adverse events were recorded. Six months supplementation with Lab4P probiotic resulted in significant weight reduction and improved small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) profiles, QoL and URTI incidence outcomes in overweight/obese individuals.
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Effects of Synbiotic Supplement on Human Gut Microbiota, Body Composition and Weight Loss in Obesity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010222. [PMID: 31952249 PMCID: PMC7019807 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting gut microbiota with synbiotics (probiotic supplements containing prebiotic components) is emerging as a promising intervention in the comprehensive nutritional approach to reducing obesity. Weight loss resulting from low-carbohydrate high-protein diets can be significant but has also been linked to potentially negative health effects due to increased bacterial fermentation of undigested protein within the colon and subsequent changes in gut microbiota composition. Correcting obesity-induced disruption of gut microbiota with synbiotics can be more effective than supplementation with probiotics alone because prebiotic components of synbiotics support the growth and survival of positive bacteria therein. The purpose of this placebo-controlled intervention clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of a synbiotic supplement on the composition, richness and diversity of gut microbiota and associations of microbial species with body composition parameters and biomarkers of obesity in human subjects participating in a weight loss program. The probiotic component of the synbiotic used in the study contained Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium bifidum and the prebiotic component was a galactooligosaccharide mixture. The results showed no statistically significant differences in body composition (body mass, BMI, body fat mass, body fat percentage, body lean mass, and bone mineral content) between the placebo and synbiotic groups at the end of the clinical trial (3-month intervention, 20 human subjects participating in weight loss intervention based on a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, reduced energy diet). Synbiotic supplementation increased the abundance of gut bacteria associated with positive health effects, especially Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and it also appeared to increase the gut microbiota richness. A decreasing trend in the gut microbiota diversity in the placebo and synbiotic groups was observed at the end of trial, which may imply the effect of the high-protein low-carbohydrate diet used in the weight loss program. Regression analysis performed to correlate abundance of species following supplementation with body composition parameters and biomarkers of obesity found an association between a decrease over time in blood glucose and an increase in Lactobacillus abundance, particularly in the synbiotic group. However, the decrease over time in body mass, BMI, waist circumstance, and body fat mass was associated with a decrease in Bifidobacterium abundance. The results obtained support the conclusion that synbiotic supplement used in this clinical trial modulates human gut microbiota by increasing abundance of potentially beneficial microbial species.
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Hafnia alvei HA4597 Strain Reduces Food Intake and Body Weight Gain and Improves Body Composition, Glucose, and Lipid Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Hyperphagic Obesity. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010035. [PMID: 31878078 PMCID: PMC7023249 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of new generation probiotics may become an integral part of the prevention and treatment strategies of obesity. The aim of the present study was to test the efficacy of a potential probiotic strain of lactic bacteria Hafnia alvei (H. alvei) HA4597™, in a mouse model of obesity characterized by both hyperphagia and diet-induced adiposity. For this purpose, 10-week-old high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed hyperphagic ob/ob male mice received a daily treatment with 1.4 × 1010 CFU of H. alvei for 38 days. Effects of H. alvei were compared to those of a lipase inhibitor orlistat (80 mg/kg daily) and a vehicle (NaCl 0.9%) in HFD-fed ob/ob mice. A control untreated group of ob/ob mice received the standard diet throughout the experiment. The vehicle-treated HFD group displayed increased food intake, worsening of adiposity, and glycemia. Treatment with H. alvei was accompanied by decreased body weight and fat-mass gain along with reduced food intake to the level of the standard-diet-fed mice. At the end of the experiment, the group treated with H. alvei showed a decrease of glycemia, plasma total cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase. The orlistat-treated mice showed a lower rate of body weight gain but were hyperphagic and hyperglycemic. These results demonstrate the beneficial anti-obesity and metabolic effects of H. alvei HA4597™ in mice with obesity resulting from hyperphagia and diet-induced adiposity.
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