1
|
Kwak JS, Song JT, Seo HS. E3 SUMO ligase SIZ1 splicing variants localize and function according to external conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1601-1623. [PMID: 38497423 PMCID: PMC11142376 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
SIZ1 (SAP and MIZ1) is a member of the Siz/PIAS-type RING family of E3 SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) ligases that play key roles in growth, development, and stress responses in plant and animal systems. Nevertheless, splicing variants of SIZ1 have not yet been characterized. Here, we identified four splicing variants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SIZ1, which encode three different protein isoforms. The SIZ1 gene encodes an 873-amino acid (aa) protein. Among the four SIZ1 splicing variants (SSVs), SSV1 and SSV4 encode identical 885 aa proteins; SSV2 encodes an 832 aa protein; and SSV3 encodes an 884 aa protein. SSV2 mainly localized to the plasma membrane, whereas SIZ1, SSV1/SSV4, and SSV3 localized to the nucleus. Interestingly, SIZ1 and all SSVs exhibited similar E3 SUMO ligase activities and preferred SUMO1 and SUMO2 for their E3 ligase activity. Transcript levels of SSV2 were substantially increased by heat treatment, while those of SSV1, SSV3, and SSV4 transcripts were unaffected by various abiotic stresses. SSV2 directly interacted with and sumoylated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 6 (CNGC6), a positive thermotolerance regulator, enhancing the stability of CNGC6. Notably, transgenic siz1-2 mutants expressing SSV2 exhibited greater heat stress tolerance than wild-type plants, whereas those expressing SIZ1 were sensitive to heat stress. Furthermore, transgenic cngc6 plants overaccumulating a mutated mCNGC6 protein (K347R, a mutation at the sumoylation site) were sensitive to heat stress, similar to the cngc6 mutants, while transgenic cngc6 plants overaccumulating CNGC6 exhibited restored heat tolerance. Together, we propose that alternative splicing is an important mechanism that regulates the function of SSVs during development or under adverse conditions, including heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Soo Kwak
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jong Tae Song
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hak Soo Seo
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li W, Liu W, Xu Z, Zhu C, Han D, Liao J, Li K, Tang X, Xie Q, Yang C, Lai J. Heat-induced SUMOylation differentially affects bacterial effectors in plant cells. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2103-2116. [PMID: 38445983 PMCID: PMC11132898 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens deliver effectors into host cells to suppress immunity. How host cells target these effectors is critical in pathogen-host interactions. SUMOylation, an important type of posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells, plays a critical role in immunity, but its effect on bacterial effectors remains unclear in plant cells. In this study, using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches, we found that at least 16 effectors from the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 are SUMOylated by the enzyme cascade from Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutation of SUMOylation sites on the effector HopB1 enhances its function in the induction of plant cell death via stability attenuation of a plant receptor kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1)-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1. By contrast, SUMOylation is essential for the function of another effector, HopG1, in the inhibition of mitochondria activity and jasmonic acid signaling. SUMOylation of both HopB1 and HopG1 is increased by heat treatment, and this modification modulates the functions of these 2 effectors in different ways in the regulation of plant survival rates, gene expression, and bacterial infection under high temperatures. Therefore, the current work on the SUMOylation of effectors in plant cells improves our understanding of the function of dynamic protein modifications in plant-pathogen interactions in response to environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zewei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chengluo Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Danlu Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jianwei Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Kun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mukkawar V, Roy D, Sue-ob K, Jones A, Zhang C, Kumar Bhagat P, Kakkunnath SM, Heuer S, Sadanandom A. SUMOylation of OsPSTOL1 is essential for regulating phosphate starvation responses in rice and Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1274610. [PMID: 38516661 PMCID: PMC10954814 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1274610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Although rice is one of the main sources of calories for most of the world, nearly 60% of rice is grown in soils that are low in phosphorus especially in Asia and Africa. Given the limitations of bioavailable inorganic phosphate (Pi) in soils, it is important to develop crops tolerant to low phosphate in order to boost food security. Due to the immobile nature of Pi, plants have developed complex molecular signalling pathways that allow them to discern changes in Pi concentrations in the environment and adapt their growth and development. Recently, in rice, it was shown that a specific serine-threonine kinase known as Phosphorus-starvation tolerance 1 (PSTOL1) is important for conferring low phosphate tolerance in rice. Nonetheless, knowledge about the mechanism underpinning PSTOL1 activity in conferring low Pi tolerance is very limited in rice. Post-translation modifications (PTMs) play an important role in plants in providing a conduit to detect changes in the environment and influence molecular signalling pathways to adapt growth and development. In recent years, the PTM SUMOylation has been shown to be critical for plant growth and development. It is known that plants experience hyperSUMOylation of target proteins during phosphate starvation. Here, we demonstrate that PSTOL1 is SUMOylated in planta, and this affects its phosphorylation activity. Furthermore, we also provide new evidence for the role of SUMOylation in regulating PSTOL1 activity in plant responses to Pi starvation in rice and Arabidopsis. Our data indicated that overexpression of the non-SUMOylatable version of OsPSTOL1 negatively impacts total root length and total root surface area of rice grown under low Pi. Interestingly, our data also showed that overexpression of OsPSTOL1 in a non-cereal species, Arabidopsis, also positively impacts overall plant growth under low Pi by modulating root development. Taken together our data provide new evidence for the role of PSTOL1 SUMOylation in mediating enhanced root development for tolerating phosphate-limiting conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipan Roy
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Kawinnat Sue-ob
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of System, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of System, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Cunjin Zhang
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sigrid Heuer
- Department of Crop Science, Cambridge Discovery LTD, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang H, Feng M, Jiang Y, Du D, Dong C, Zhang Z, Wang W, Liu J, Liu X, Li S, Chen Y, Guo W, Xin M, Yao Y, Ni Z, Sun Q, Peng H, Liu J. Thermosensitive SUMOylation of TaHsfA1 defines a dynamic ON/OFF molecular switch for the heat stress response in wheat. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3889-3910. [PMID: 37399070 PMCID: PMC10533334 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Dissecting genetic components in crop plants associated with heat stress (HS) sensing and adaptation will facilitate the design of modern crop varieties with improved thermotolerance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the ON/OFF switch controlling HS responses (HSRs) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) remain largely unknown. In this study, we focused on the molecular action of TaHsfA1, a class A heat shock transcription factor, in sensing dynamically changing HS signals and regulating HSRs. We show that the TaHsfA1 protein is modified by small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) and that this modification is essential for the full transcriptional activation activity of TaHsfA1 in triggering downstream gene expression. During sustained heat exposure, the SUMOylation of TaHsfA1 is suppressed, which partially reduces TaHsfA1 protein activity, thereby reducing the intensity of downstream HSRs. In addition, we demonstrate that TaHsfA1 interacts with the histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 in a thermosensitive manner. Together, our findings emphasize the importance of TaHsfA1 in thermotolerance in wheat. In addition, they define a highly dynamic SUMOylation-dependent "ON/OFF" molecular switch that senses temperature signals and contributes to thermotolerance in crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Man Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dejie Du
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoheng Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenxi Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangqing Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sufang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shimada H, Tanaka K. Rice SUMOs and unification of their names. Genes Genet Syst 2023. [PMID: 37150617 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.22-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) to proteins are regulatory mechanisms that play a critical role in regulating growth and development. The SUMO system is a rapid and dynamic PTM system employed by eukaryotic cells. Plant SUMOs are involved in many physiological processes, such as stress responses, regulation of flowering time and defense reactions to pathogen attack. In Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa), eight and seven SUMO genes, respectively, were predicted by sequence analysis. Phylogenetic tree analysis of these SUMOs shows that they are divided into two groups. One consists of SUMOs that contain no SUMO acceptor site and are involved in monoSUMOylation of their target proteins. Rice OsSUMO1 and OsSUMO2 are in this group, and are structurally similar to each other and to Arabidopsis AtSUMO1. The other group is composed of SUMOs in which an acceptor site (ΨKXE/D) occurs inside the SUMO molecule, suggesting their involvement in polySUMOylation. Several studies on the rice SUMOs have been performed independently and reported. Individual names of rice SUMOs are confusing, because a unified nomenclature has not been proposed. This review clarifies the attribution of seven rice SUMOs and unifies the individual SUMO names.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shimada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lai R, Li W, Xu Z, Liu W, Zeng Q, Lin W, Jiang J, Lai J, Yang C. A robust method for identification of plant SUMOylation substrates in a library-based reconstitution system. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023:100573. [PMID: 36905123 PMCID: PMC10363499 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture & Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zewei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qianrui Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jieming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ge L, Cao B, Qiao R, Cui H, Li S, Shan H, Gong P, Zhang M, Li H, Wang A, Zhou X, Li F. SUMOylation-modified Pelota-Hbs1 RNA surveillance complex restricts the infection of potyvirids in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:632-642. [PMID: 36597359 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
RNA quality control nonsense-mediated decay is involved in viral restriction in both plants and animals. However, it is not known whether two other RNA quality control pathways, nonstop decay and no-go decay, are capable of restricting viruses in plants. Here, we show that the evolutionarily conserved Pelota-Hbs1 complex negatively regulates infection of plant viruses in the family Potyviridae (termed potyvirids), the largest group of plant RNA viruses that accounts for more than half of the viral crop damage worldwide. Pelota enables the recognition of the functional G1-2A6-7 motif in the P3 cistron, which is conserved in almost all potyvirids. This allows Pelota to target the virus and act as a viral restriction factor. Furthermore, Pelota interacts with the SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme SCE1 and is SUMOylated in planta. Blocking Pelota SUMOylation disrupts the ability to recruit Hbs1 and inhibits viral RNA degradation. These findings reveal the functional importance of Pelota SUMOylation during the infection of potyvirids in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Buwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada; Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang J, Huang J, Feng Q, Shi Y, Wang F, Zheng K, Huang Q, Jiang J, Luo S, Xie Y, Han D, Lai J, Yang C. SUMOylation facilitates the assembly of a Nuclear Factor-Y complex to enhance thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:692-702. [PMID: 36282496 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) has serious negative effects on plant development and has become a major threat to agriculture. A rapid transcriptional regulatory cascade has evolved in plants in response to HS. Nuclear Factor-Y (NF-Y) complexes are critical for this mechanism, but how NF-Y complexes are regulated remains unclear. In this study, we identified NF-YC10 (NF-Y subunit C10), a central regulator of the HS response in Arabidopsis thaliana, as a substrate of SUMOylation, an important post-translational modification. Biochemical analysis showed that the SUMO ligase SIZ1 (SAP AND MIZ1 DOMAIN-CONTAINING LIGASE1) interacts with NF-YC10 and enhances its SUMOylation during HS. The SUMOylation of NF-YC10 facilitates its interaction with and the nuclear translocation of NF-YB3, in which the SUMO interaction motif (SIM) is essential for its efficient association with NF-YC10. Further functional analysis indicated that the SUMOylation of NF-YC10 and the SIM of NF-YB3 are critical for HS-responsive gene expression and plant thermotolerance. These findings uncover a role for the SIZ1-mediated SUMOylation of NF-YC10 in NF-Y complex assembly under HS, providing new insights into the role of a post-translational modification in regulating transcription during abiotic stress responses in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qiyi Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yaqiao Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Feige Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Kaiyong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qize Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jieming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Siyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Danlu Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chang YN, Wang Z, Ren Z, Wang CH, Wang P, Zhu JK, Li X, Duan CG. NUCLEAR PORE ANCHOR and EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 4 negatively regulate abscisic acid signaling by inhibiting Snf1-related protein kinase2 activity and stability in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:2060-2074. [PMID: 35984097 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key regulator of plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as drought. Abscisic acid receptors and coreceptors perceive ABA to activate Snf1-related protein kinase2s (SnRK2s) that phosphorylate downstream effectors, thereby activating ABA signaling and the stress response. As stress responses come with fitness penalties for plants, it is crucial to tightly control SnRK2 kinase activity to restrict ABA signaling. However, how SnRK2 kinases are inactivated remains elusive. Here, we show that NUCLEAR PORE ANCHOR (NUA), a nuclear pore complex (NPC) component, negatively regulates ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and post-germination growth, and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. The role of NUA in response to ABA depends on SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 for seed germination and on SnRK2.6 for drought. NUA does not directly inhibit the phosphorylation of these SnRK2s or affects their abundance. However, the NUA-interacting protein EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 4 (ESD4), a SUMO protease, negatively regulates ABA signaling by directly interacting with and inhibiting SnRK2 phosphorylation and protein levels. More importantly, we demonstrated that SnRK2.6 can be SUMOylated in vitro, and ESD4 inhibits its SUMOylation. Taken together, we identified NUA and ESD4 as SnRK2 kinase inhibitors that block SnRK2 activity, and reveal a mechanism whereby NUA and ESD4 negatively regulate plant responses to ABA and drought stress possibly through SUMOylation-dependent regulation of SnRK2s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Chang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ziyin Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chun-Han Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Department of Horticulture and Architecture Landscape, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xia Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng-Guo Duan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zheng XT, Wang C, Lin W, Lin C, Han D, Xie Q, Lai J, Yang C. Importation of chloroplast proteins under heat stress is facilitated by their SUMO conjugations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:173-187. [PMID: 35347735 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are hypersensitive to heat stress (HS). SUMOylation, a critical post-translational modification, is conservatively involved in HS responses. However, the functional connection between SUMOylation and chloroplasts under HS remains to be studied. The bioinformatics, biochemistry, and cell biology analyses were used to detect the SUMOylation statuses of Arabidopsis nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins and the effect of SUMOylation on subcellular localization of these proteins under HS. PSBR, a subunit of photosystem II, was used as an example for a detailed investigation of functional mechanisms. After a global SUMOylation site prediction of nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins, biochemical data showed that most of the selected candidates are modified by SUMO3 in the cytoplasm. The chloroplast localization of these SUMOylation targets under long-term HS is partially maintained by the SUMO ligase AtSIZ1. The HS-induced SUMOylation on PSBR contributes to the maintenance of its chloroplast localization, which is dependent on its chloroplast importation efficiency correlated to phosphorylation. The complementation analysis provided evidence that SUMOylation is essential for the physiological function of PSBR under HS. Our study illustrated a general regulatory mechanism of SUMOylation in maintaining the chloroplast protein importation during HS and provided hints for further investigation on protein modifications associated with plant organelles under stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caijuan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chufang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danlu Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li X, Zhou S, Liu Z, Lu L, Dang H, Li H, Chu B, Chen P, Ma Z, Zhao S, Li Z, van Nocker S, Ma F, Guan Q. Fine-tuning of SUMOylation modulates drought tolerance of apple. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:903-919. [PMID: 34978131 PMCID: PMC9055824 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation is involved in various aspects of plant biology, including drought stress. However, the relationship between SUMOylation and drought stress tolerance is complex; whether SUMOylation has a crosstalk with ubiquitination in response to drought stress remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that both increased and decreased SUMOylation led to increased survival of apple (Malus × domestica) under drought stress: both transgenic MdSUMO2A overexpressing (OE) plants and MdSUMO2 RNAi plants exhibited enhanced drought tolerance. We further confirmed that MdDREB2A is one of the MdSUMO2 targets. Both transgenic MdDREB2A OE and MdDREB2AK192R OE plants (which lacked the key site of SUMOylation by MdSUMO2A) were more drought tolerant than wild-type plants. However, MdDREB2AK192R OE plants had a much higher survival rate than MdDREB2A OE plants. We further showed SUMOylated MdDREB2A was conjugated with ubiquitin by MdRNF4 under drought stress, thereby triggering its protein degradation. In addition, MdRNF4 RNAi plants were more tolerant to drought stress. These results revealed the molecular mechanisms that underlie the relationship of SUMOylation with drought tolerance and provided evidence for the tight control of MdDREB2A accumulation under drought stress mediated by SUMOylation and ubiquitination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Shuangxi Zhou
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSWAustralia
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Liyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Huan Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Baohua Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Pengxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Ziqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Zhongxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Steve van Nocker
- Department of HorticultureMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Qingmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Akimoto G, Fernandes AP, Bode JW. Site-Specific Protein Ubiquitylation Using an Engineered, Chimeric E1 Activating Enzyme and E2 SUMO Conjugating Enzyme Ubc9. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:275-281. [PMID: 35237717 PMCID: PMC8883482 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitylation-the attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) to proteins in eukaryotic cells-involves a vast number of enzymes from three different classes, resulting in heterogeneous attachment sites and ubiquitin chains. Recently, we introduced lysine acylation using conjugating enzymes (LACE) in which ubiquitin or peptide thioester is site-specifically transferred to a short peptide tag by the SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9. This process, however, suffers from slow kinetics-due to a rate-limiting thioester loading step-and the requirement for thioesters restricts its use to in vitro reactions. To overcome these challenges, we devised a chimeric E1 containing the Ub fold domain of the SUMO E1 and the remaining domains of the Ub E1, which activates and loads native Ub onto Ubc9 and obviates the need for Ub thioester in LACE. The chimeric E1 was subjected to directed evolution to improve its apparent second-order rate constant (k cat/K M) 400-fold. We demonstrate the utility of the chimeric E1 by site-specific transfer of mono- and oligo-Ub to various target proteins in vitro. Additionally, the chimeric E1, Ubc9, Ub, and the target protein can be coexpressed in Escherichia coli for the facile preparation of monoubiquitylated proteins.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mercier C, Roux B, Have M, Le Poder L, Duong N, David P, Leonhardt N, Blanchard L, Naumann C, Abel S, Cuyas L, Pluchon S, Nussaume L, Desnos T. Root responses to aluminium and iron stresses require the SIZ1 SUMO ligase to modulate the STOP1 transcription factor. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1507-1521. [PMID: 34612534 PMCID: PMC9298234 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
STOP1, an Arabidopsis transcription factor favouring root growth tolerance against Al toxicity, acts in the response to iron under low Pi (-Pi). Previous studies have shown that Al and Fe regulate the stability and accumulation of STOP1 in roots, and that the STOP1 protein is sumoylated by an unknown E3 ligase. Here, using a forward genetics suppressor screen, we identified the E3 SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) ligase SIZ1 as a modulator of STOP1 signalling. Mutations in SIZ1 increase the expression of ALMT1 (a direct target of STOP1) and root growth responses to Al and Fe stress in a STOP1-dependent manner. Moreover, loss-of-function mutations in SIZ1 enhance the abundance of STOP1 in the root tip. However, no sumoylated STOP1 protein was detected by Western blot analysis in our sumoylation assay in Escherichia coli, suggesting the presence of a more sophisticated mechanism. We conclude that the sumo ligase SIZ1 negatively regulates STOP1 signalling, at least in part by modulating STOP1 protein in the root tip. Our results will allow a better understanding of this signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mercier
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
- Laboratoire de Nutrition VégétaleAgroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Brice Roux
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Marien Have
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Léa Le Poder
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Nathalie Duong
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Pascale David
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Laurence Blanchard
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, MEMSaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Christin Naumann
- Department of Molecular Signal ProcessingLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle (Saale)06120Germany
| | - Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal ProcessingLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle (Saale)06120Germany
| | - Laura Cuyas
- Laboratoire de Nutrition VégétaleAgroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition VégétaleAgroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gao S, Zeng X, Wang J, Xu Y, Yu C, Huang Y, Wang F, Wu K, Yang S. Arabidopsis SUMO E3 Ligase SIZ1 Interacts with HDA6 and Negatively Regulates HDA6 Function during Flowering. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113001. [PMID: 34831226 PMCID: PMC8616286 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The changes in histone acetylation mediated by histone deacetylases (HDAC) play a crucial role in plant development and response to environmental changes. Mammalian HDACs are regulated by post-translational modifications (PTM), such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification (SUMOylation), which affect enzymatic activity and transcriptional repression. Whether PTMs of plant HDACs alter their functions are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the Arabidopsis SUMO E3 ligase SAP AND MIZ1 DOMAIN-CONTAINING LIGASE1 (SIZ1) interacts with HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 (HDA6) both in vitro and in vivo. Biochemical analyses indicated that HDA6 is not modified by SUMO1. Overexpression of HDA6 in siz1-3 background results in a decreased level of histone H3 acetylation, indicating that the activity of HDA6 is increased in siz1-3 plants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that SIZ1 represses HDA6 binding to its target genes FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING 4 (MAF4), resulting in the upregulation of FLC and MAF4 by increasing the level of histone H3 acetylation. Together, these findings indicate that the Arabidopsis SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 interacts with HDA6 and negatively regulates HDA6 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Xueqin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.Z.); (F.W.)
| | - Jianhao Wang
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China;
| | - Yingchao Xu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.)
| | - Chunwei Yu
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Yishui Huang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.)
| | - Feng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.Z.); (F.W.)
| | - Keqiang Wu
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Songguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kasera M, Ingole KD, Rampuria S, Walia Y, Gassmann W, Bhattacharjee S. Global SUMOylome Adjustments in Basal Defenses of Arabidopsis thaliana Involve Complex Interplay Between SMALL-UBIQUITIN LIKE MODIFIERs and the Negative Immune Regulator SUPPRESSOR OF rps4-RLD1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:680760. [PMID: 34660568 PMCID: PMC8514785 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.680760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Steady-state SUMOylome of a plant is adjusted locally during developmental transitions and more globally during stress exposures. We recently reported that basal immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana against Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000 (PstDC3000) is associated with strong enhancements in the net SUMOylome. Transcriptional upregulations of SUMO conjugases, suppression of protease, and increased SUMO translations accounted for this enhanced SUMOylation. Antagonistic roles of SUMO1/2 and SUMO3 isoforms further fine-tuned the SUMOylome adjustments, thus impacting defense amplitudes and immune outcomes. Loss of function of SUPPRESSOR OF rps4-RLD1 (SRFR1), a previously reported negative regulator of basal defenses, also caused constitutive increments in global SUMO-conjugates through similar modes. These suggest that SRFR1 plays a pivotal role in maintenance of SUMOylation homeostasis and its dynamic changes during immune elicitations. Here, we demonstrate that SRFR1 degradation kinetically precedes and likely provides the salicylic acid (SA) elevations necessary for the SUMOylome increments in basal defenses. We show that SRFR1 not only is a SUMOylation substrate but also interacts in planta with both SUMO1 and SUMO3. In sum1 or sum3 mutants, SRFR1 stabilities are reduced albeit by different modes. Whereas a srfr1 sum1 combination is lethal, the srfr1 sum3 plants retain developmental defects and enhanced immunity of the srfr1 parent. Together with increasing evidence of SUMOs self-regulating biochemical efficiencies of SUMOylation-machinery, we present their impositions on SRFR1 expression that in turn counter-modulates the SUMOylome. Overall, our investigations reveal multifaceted dynamics of regulated SUMOylome changes via SRFR1 in defense-developmental balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mritunjay Kasera
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Kishor D Ingole
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.,Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sakshi Rampuria
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.,Division of Plant Sciences, C. S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Yashika Walia
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Sciences, C. S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Saikat Bhattacharjee
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ingole KD, Kasera M, van den Burg HA, Bhattacharjee S. Antagonism between SUMO1/2 and SUMO3 regulates SUMO conjugate levels and fine-tunes immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6640-6658. [PMID: 34145454 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The attachment of SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMO) to target proteins regulates a plethora of cellular processes across eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, mutants with abnormal SUMO1/2 conjugate levels display a dwarf stature, autoimmunity, and altered stress responses to adverse environmental conditions. Since the SUMO pathway is known to autoregulate its biochemical activity (via allosteric interactions), we assessed whether the emergence of additional SUMO paralogs in Arabidopsis has introduced the capacity of self-regulation by means of isoform diversification in this model plant. By studying the plant defense responses elicited by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, we provide genetic evidence that SUM3, a divergent paralog, acts downstream of the two main SUMO paralogues, SUM1/2. The expression of SUM3 apparently buffers or suppresses the function of SUM1/2 by controlling the timing and amplitude of the immune response. Moreover, SUM1 and SUM2 work additively to suppress both basal and TNL-specific immunity, a specific branch of the immune network. Finally, our data reveal that SUM3 is required for the global increase in SUMO1/2 conjugates upon exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses, namely heat and pathogen exposure. We cannot exclude that this latter effect is independent of the role of SUM3 in immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishor D Ingole
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121 001, Haryana, India
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar-751 024, Odisha, India
| | - Mritunjay Kasera
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121 001, Haryana, India
| | - Harrold A van den Burg
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saikat Bhattacharjee
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121 001, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Łabuz J, Sztatelman O, Jagiełło-Flasińska D, Hermanowicz P, Bażant A, Banaś AK, Bartnicki F, Giza A, Kozłowska A, Lasok H, Sitkiewicz E, Krzeszowiec W, Gabryś H, Strzałka W. Phototropin Interactions with SUMO Proteins. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:693-707. [PMID: 33594440 PMCID: PMC8462379 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The disruption of the sumoylation pathway affects processes controlled by the two phototropins (phots) of Arabidopsis thaliana, phot1 and phot2. Phots, plant UVA/blue light photoreceptors, regulate growth responses and fast movements aimed at optimizing photosynthesis, such as phototropism, chloroplast relocations and stomatal opening. Sumoylation is a posttranslational modification, consisting of the addition of a SUMO (SMALL UBIQUITIN-RELATED MODIFIER) protein to a lysine residue in the target protein. In addition to affecting the stability of proteins, it regulates their activity, interactions and subcellular localization. We examined physiological responses controlled by phots, phototropism and chloroplast movements, in sumoylation pathway mutants. Chloroplast accumulation in response to both continuous and pulse light was enhanced in the E3 ligase siz1 mutant, in a manner dependent on phot2. A significant decrease in phot2 protein abundance was observed in this mutant after blue light treatment both in seedlings and mature leaves. Using plant transient expression and yeast two-hybrid assays, we found that phots interacted with SUMO proteins mainly through their N-terminal parts, which contain the photosensory LOV domains. The covalent modification in phots by SUMO was verified using an Arabidopsis sumoylation system reconstituted in bacteria followed by the mass spectrometry analysis. Lys 297 was identified as the main target of SUMO3 in the phot2 molecule. Finally, sumoylation of phot2 was detected in Arabidopsis mature leaves upon light or heat stress treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Łabuz
- * Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, +48 12 664 6902
| | | | - Dominika Jagiełło-Flasińska
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Paweł Hermanowicz
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Aneta Bażant
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Katarzyna Banaś
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Filip Bartnicki
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Giza
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Anna Kozłowska
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Hanna Lasok
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Ewa Sitkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, Warszawa 02-106, Poland
| | - Weronika Krzeszowiec
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Halina Gabryś
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Wojciech Strzałka
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Park HJ, Jung HM, Lee A, Jo SH, Lee HJ, Kim HS, Jung CK, Min SR, Cho HS. SUMO Modification of OsFKBP20-1b Is Integral to Proper Pre-mRNA Splicing upon Heat Stress in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169049. [PMID: 34445755 PMCID: PMC8396655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OsFKBP20-1b, a plant-specific cyclophilin protein, has been implicated to regulate pre-mRNA splicing under stress conditions in rice. Here, we demonstrated that OsFKBP20-1b is SUMOylated in a reconstituted SUMOylation system in E.coli and in planta, and that the SUMOylation-coupled regulation was associated with enhanced protein stability using a less SUMOylated OsFKBP20-1b mutant (5KR_OsFKBP20-1b). Furthermore, OsFKBP20-1b directly interacted with OsSUMO1 and OsSUMO2 in the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas the less SUMOylated 5KR_OsFKBP20-1b mutant had an impaired interaction with OsSUMO1 and 2 in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus. Under heat stress, the abundance of an OsFKBP20-1b-GFP fusion protein was substantially increased in the nuclear speckles and cytoplasmic foci, whereas the heat-responsiveness was remarkably diminished in the presence of the less SUMOylated 5KR_OsFKBP20-1b-GFP mutant. The accumulation of endogenous SUMOylated OsFKBP20-1b was enhanced by heat stress in planta. Moreover, 5KR_OsFKBP20-1b was not sufficiently associated with the U snRNAs in the nucleus as a spliceosome component. A protoplast transfection assay indicated that the low SUMOylation level of 5KR_OsFKBP20-1b led to inaccurate alternative splicing and transcription under heat stress. Thus, our results suggest that OsFKBP20-1b is post-translationally regulated by SUMOylation, and the modification is crucial for proper RNA processing in response to heat stress in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (H.-M.J.); (A.L.); (S.-H.J.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Hae-Myeong Jung
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (H.-M.J.); (A.L.); (S.-H.J.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-S.K.)
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Areum Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (H.-M.J.); (A.L.); (S.-H.J.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-S.K.)
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Jo
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (H.-M.J.); (A.L.); (S.-H.J.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-S.K.)
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (H.-M.J.); (A.L.); (S.-H.J.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-S.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (H.-M.J.); (A.L.); (S.-H.J.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Choon-Kyun Jung
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea;
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources and Integrated Major in Global Smart Farm, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung-Ran Min
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (H.-M.J.); (A.L.); (S.-H.J.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-S.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.-R.M.); (H.-S.C.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4463 (S.-R.M.); +82-42-860-4469 (H.-S.C.)
| | - Hye-Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (H.-M.J.); (A.L.); (S.-H.J.); (H.-J.L.); (H.-S.K.)
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-R.M.); (H.-S.C.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4463 (S.-R.M.); +82-42-860-4469 (H.-S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiang J, Xie Y, Du J, Yang C, Lai J. A SUMO ligase OsMMS21 regulates rice development and auxin response. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 263:153447. [PMID: 34098413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation, which transfers the Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier (SUMO) polypeptides to target proteins, regulates diverse cellular processes in eukaryotes. The SUMO conjugation reaction is usually promoted by SUMO E3 ligases, but the molecular functions of this type of enzymes remain unclear in cereal crops. Here, OsMMS21, a SUMO E3 ligase, was functionally characterized in rice (Oryza sativa). Bioinformatics analysis showed that OsMMS21 harbors a conserved SP-RING domain that is essential for the activity of SUMO ligases. Biochemical data indicated that this protein is auto-SUMOylated. Besides, overexpression of OsMMS21 rescued the developmental defects of the AtMMS21 mutant, supporting that OsMMS21 is a functional homolog of the Arabidopsis SUMO ligase AtMMS21. The OsMMS21 rice T-DNA mutant displays a short-root and dwarfism phenotype. RNA-seq data revealed that the expression levels of many genes involved in signaling transduction of hormones, including auxin, are altered in the OsMMS21 mutant. Further results under the auxin treatment showed that the OsMMS21 mutant is insensitive to auxin. Collectively, our results demonstrated the molecular features of OsMMS21 and uncovered the roles of this SUMO ligase in development and auxin response, providing hints for further studies on protein SUMOylation in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Yun Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinju Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiang J, Kuo YW, Salem N, Erickson A, Falk BW. Carrot mottle virus ORF4 movement protein targets plasmodesmata by interacting with the host cell SUMOylation system. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:382-398. [PMID: 33774829 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant virus movement proteins (MPs) facilitate virus spread in their plant hosts, and some of them are known to target plasmodesmata (PD). However, how the MPs target PD is still largely unknown. Carrot mottle virus (CMoV) encodes the ORF3 and ORF4 proteins, which are involved in CMoV movement. In this study, we used CMoV as a model to study the PD targeting of a plant virus MP. We showed that the CMoV ORF4 protein, but not the ORF3 protein, modified PD and led to the virus movement. We found that the CMoV ORF4 protein interacts with the host cell small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) 1, 2 and the SUMO-conjugating enzyme SCE1, resulting in the ORF4 protein SUMOylation. Downregulation of mRNAs for NbSCE1 and NbSUMO impaired CMoV infection. The SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs) LVIVF, VIWV, and a lysine residue at position 78 (K78) are required for the ORF4 protein SUMOylation. The mutation of these motifs prevented the protein to efficiently target PD, and further slowed or completely abolished CMoV systemic movement. Finally, we found that some of these motifs are highly conserved among umbraviruses. Our data suggest that the CMoV ORF4 protein targets PD by interacting with the host cell SUMOylation system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yen-Wen Kuo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nidà Salem
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Anna Erickson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bryce W Falk
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xu J, Zhu J, Liu J, Wang J, Ding Z, Tian H. SIZ1 negatively regulates aluminum resistance by mediating the STOP1-ALMT1 pathway in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1147-1160. [PMID: 33710720 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity 1 (STOP1) functions as a crucial regulator of root growth during aluminum (Al) stress. However, how this transcription factor is regulated by Al stress to affect downstream genes expression is not well understood. To explore the underlying mechanisms of the function and regulation of STOP1, we employed a yeast two hybrid screen to identify STOP1-interacting proteins. The SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1, was found to interact with STOP1 and mainly facilitate its SUMO modification at K40 and K212 residues. Simultaneous introduction of K40R and K212R substitutions in STOP1 enhances its transactivation activity to upregulate the expression of aluminum-activated malate transporter 1 (ALMT1) via increasing the association with mediator 16 (MED16) transcriptional co-activator. Loss of function of SIZ1 causes highly increased expression of ALMT1, thus enhancing Al-induced malate exudation and Al tolerance. Also, we found that the protein level of SIZ1 is reduced in response to Al stress. Genetic evidence demonstrates that STOP1/ALMT1 is epistatic to SIZ1 in regulating root growth response to Al stress. This study suggests a mechanism about how the SIZ1-STOP1-ALMT1 signaling module is involved in root growth response to Al stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jiayong Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Huiyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Teramura H, Yamada K, Ito K, Kasahara K, Kikuchi T, Kioka N, Fukuda M, Kusano H, Tanaka K, Shimada H. Characterization of novel SUMO family genes in the rice genome. Genes Genet Syst 2021; 96:25-32. [PMID: 33731501 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.20-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is a post-translational modification factor composed of about 100 amino acid residues. Most plant species express a family of SUMO isoforms. We found three novel homologs of rice (Oryza sativa L.) SUMO genes, OsSUMO4, OsSUMO5 and OsSUMO6, in addition to the known SUMO genes OsSUMO1-OsSUMO3. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that rice SUMO genes have diverged considerably during their evolution. All six of these SUMO genes complemented the phenotype of the SUMO-deficient pmt3Δ mutant of fission yeast. Among the amino acid sequences of rice SUMO proteins, consensus motifs (ΨKXE/D) of the SUMO acceptor site were found in OsSUMO3, OsSUMO4, OsSUMO5 and OsSUMO6. The heat shock protein HSF7 is known to be SUMOylated in Arabidopsis thaliana. SUMOylation using a bacterial expression system revealed that the rice HSF7 homolog was modified by the six rice SUMOs, and further suggested that OsSUMO1, OsSUMO3, OsSUMO4 and OsSUMO6 are involved in its multiple SUMOylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Teramura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kazuma Yamada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kahori Ito
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Keisuke Kasahara
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Tsubasa Kikuchi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Naoya Kioka
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Masato Fukuda
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Hiroaki Kusano
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
| | - Hiroaki Shimada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bernula P, Pettkó-Szandtner A, Hajdu A, Kozma-Bognár L, Josse EM, Ádám É, Nagy F, Viczián A. SUMOylation of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3 promotes photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2050-2061. [PMID: 33078389 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, phytochrome B (phyB) is the dominant receptor of photomorphogenic development under red light. Phytochrome B interacts with a set of downstream regulatory proteins, including PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3). The interaction between PIF3 and photoactivated phyB leads to the rapid phosphorylation and degradation of PIF3 and also to the degradation of phyB, events which are required for proper photomorphogenesis. Here we report that PIF3 is SUMOylated at the Lys13 (K13) residue and that we could detect this posttranslational modification in a heterologous experimental system and also in planta. We also found that the SUMO acceptor site mutant PIF3(K13R) binds more strongly to the target promoters than its SUMOylated, wild-type counterpart. Seedlings expressing PIF3(K13R) show an elongated hypocotyl response, elevated photoprotection and higher transcriptional induction of red-light responsive genes compared with plantlets expressing wild-type PIF3. These observations are supported by the lower level of phyB in plants which possess only PIF3(K13R), indicating that SUMOylation of PIF3 also alters photomorphogenesis via the regulation of phyB levels. In conclusion, whereas SUMOylation is generally connected to different stress responses, it also fine-tunes light signalling by reducing the biological activity of PIF3, thus promoting photomorphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Bernula
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | | | - Anita Hajdu
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - László Kozma-Bognár
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Eve-Marie Josse
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JH, UK
| | - Éva Ádám
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - András Viczián
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kong X, Hong Y, Hsu YF, Huang H, Liu X, Song Z, Zhu JK. SIZ1-Mediated SUMOylation of ROS1 Enhances Its Stability and Positively Regulates Active DNA Demethylation in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1816-1824. [PMID: 32927102 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase/lyase REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1)-mediated active DNA demethylation is critical for shaping the genomic DNA methylation landscape in Arabidopsis. Whether and how the stability of ROS1 may be regulated by post-translational modifications is unknown. Using a methylation-sensitive PCR (CHOP-PCR)-based forward genetic screen for Arabidopsis DNA hyper-methylation mutants, we identified the SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 as a critical regulator of active DNA demethylation. Dysfunction of SIZ1 leads to hyper-methylation at approximately 1000 genomic regions. SIZ1 physically interacts with ROS1 and mediates the SUMOylation of ROS1. The SUMOylation of ROS1 is reduced in siz1 mutant plants. Compared with that in wild-type plants, the protein level of ROS1 is significantly decreased, whereas there is an increased level of ROS1 transcripts in siz1 mutant plants. Our results suggest that SIZ1-mediated SUMOylation of ROS1 promotes its stability and positively regulates active DNA demethylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Kong
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yechun Hong
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Feng Hsu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Huang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Song
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou X, Du J, Liu Y, Yang C, Lai J. Functional characterization of DiMMS21, a SUMO ligase from Desmodium intortum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 141:206-214. [PMID: 31176880 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation is an important protein modification that regulates the properties of substrate proteins in a variety of cellular processes. SUMOylation is catalyzed via a cascade of enzymes and is usually stimulated by SUMO E3 ligases. However, the molecular functions and regulatory mechanisms of SUMOylation in forage crops are unknown. Here, we isolated and functionally characterized DiMMS21, a homolog of the Arabidopsis thaliana SUMO ligase AtMMS21, from the forage legume Desmodium intortum. DiMMS21 is expressed ubiquitously in various D. intortum organs and its encoded protein is found in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that DiMMS21 contains a conserved SP-RING domain that is required for its activity. Biochemical evidence supports the notion that this protein is a functional SUMO ligase. When expressed in an Arabidopsis mms21 mutant, DiMMS21 completely rescued the defects in root, leaf, and silique development. The results from cotyledon greening and marker gene expression suggested that DiMMS21 can only partially complements the role of AtMMS21 in abscisic acid (ABA) responses. In summary, we characterized the molecular features of DiMMS21 and uncovered potential roles of this SUMO ligase in development and ABA responses, increasing our understanding on the function of SUMOylation in forage crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinju Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, China; College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yu M, Meng B, Wang F, He Z, Hu R, Du J, Lai J, Yang C. A SUMO ligase AtMMS21 regulates activity of the 26S proteasome in root development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:314-320. [PMID: 30824010 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is a multi-subunit protease controlling most of the cytosolic and nuclear protein turnover, regulating many cellular events in eukaryotes. However, functional modification on this complex remains unclear. Here, we showed a novel mechanism that a SUMO ligase AtMMS21 regulates activity of the 26S proteasome in root development of Arabidopsis. Our in vitro and in vivo data supported that AtMMS21 interacts with RPT2a, a subunit of the 26S proteasome. The mutants of AtMMS21 and RPT2a display similar developmental defect of roots, suggesting their association in this process. In addition, RPT2a is modified by SUMO3, potentially related to AtMMS21. During development, the activity of the 26S proteasome is lower in both mutants of AtMMS21 and RPT2a, compared with that of wild type. Furthermore, the protein level but not the RNA level of RPT2a is decreased in the absence of AtMMS21, implying stability regulation of the proteasome complex through the AtMMS21-RPT2a interaction. Taken together, the current study would improve our understanding on the regulatory mechanism of the 26S proteasome via protein modification in root development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Bolun Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Feige Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhipeng He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Risheng Hu
- Central South Agricultural Experiment Station of China Tobacco, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Jinju Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) happen after or during protein translation. Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) proteins are covalently attached to certain lysine residues of the target proteins to modify their activity, stability, or localization. This process is called SUMOylation, which is a reversible PTM: SUMO protease enzymes can cleave SUMOs off the target protein backbone. Although many ubiquitinated proteins are targeted for degradation, SUMOylation does not necessary lead to the degradation of the modified protein but lead to the regulation of various physiological responses. SUMOylation of the examined protein cannot simply be monitored by immunoblotting techniques performed on total protein extracts, due to the SUMO-specific signals derived from other modified molecules. Furthermore, the fact that only a limited fraction of the target protein pool is SUMOylated makes the detection of SUMOylated proteins challenging. This protocol shows how SUMOylated phytochrome B (phyB) molecules can be detected using homologous and heterologous experimental systems in planta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Orosa
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, County Durham, UK
| | - András Viczián
- Biological Research Centre, Plant Biology Institute, Szeged, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
SUMO conjugation to the pattern recognition receptor FLS2 triggers intracellular signalling in plant innate immunity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5185. [PMID: 30518761 PMCID: PMC6281677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of conserved microbial patterns by host cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activates innate immunity. The FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE 2 (FLS2) receptor perceives bacterial flagellin and recruits another PRR, BAK1 and the cytoplasmic-kinase BIK1 to form an active co-receptor complex that initiates antibacterial immunity in Arabidopsis. Molecular mechanisms that transmit flagellin perception from the plasma-membrane FLS2-associated receptor complex to intracellular events are less well understood. Here, we show that flagellin induces the conjugation of the SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMO) protein to FLS2 to trigger release of BIK1. Disruption of FLS2 SUMOylation can abolish immune responses, resulting in susceptibility to bacterial pathogens in Arabidopsis. We also identify the molecular machinery that regulates FLS2 SUMOylation and demonstrate a role for the deSUMOylating enzyme, Desi3a in innate immunity. Flagellin induces the degradation of Desi3a and enhances FLS2 SUMOylation to promote BIK1 dissociation and trigger intracellular immune signalling. The plant FLS2 receptor initiates bacterial immunity in response to flagellin. Here the authors show that SUMO conjugates to FLS2 in response to flagellin promoting downstream signalling events while Desi3A, an FLS2 deSUMOylating enzyme, is degraded to enhance immune responses.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
In this study, we improved the most commonly used methods for MS detection of SUMOylated sites and used an E. coli recombination SUMOylation system with SUMO-1 (T95R). This system provides fast enrichment of SUMOylated viral protein in less than 2 days, and shows advantage over the method of collecting modified protein from cells in convenience and sensitivity. Furthermore, this method provides an option for rapid and accurate identification of the potential viral protein SUMOylation sites.
Collapse
|
30
|
Hansen LL, Imrie L, Le Bihan T, van den Burg HA, van Ooijen G. Sumoylation of the Plant Clock Transcription Factor CCA1 Suppresses DNA Binding. J Biol Rhythms 2017; 32:570-582. [PMID: 29172852 DOI: 10.1177/0748730417737695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In plants, the circadian clock regulates the expression of one-third of all transcripts and is crucial to virtually every aspect of metabolism and growth. We now establish sumoylation, a posttranslational protein modification, as a novel regulator of the key clock protein CCA1 in the model plant Arabidopsis. Dynamic sumoylation of CCA1 is observed in planta and confirmed in a heterologous expression system. To characterize how sumoylation might affect the activity of CCA1, we investigated the properties of CCA1 in a wild-type plant background in comparison with ots1 ots2, a mutant background showing increased overall levels of sumoylation. Neither the localization nor the stability of CCA1 was significantly affected. However, binding of CCA1 to a target promoter was significantly reduced in chromatin-immunoprecipitation experiments. In vitro experiments using recombinant protein revealed that reduced affinity to the cognate promoter element is a direct consequence of sumoylation of CCA1 that does not require any other factors. Combined, these results suggest sumoylation as a mechanism that tunes the DNA binding activity of the central plant clock transcription factor CCA1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise L Hansen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa Imrie
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thierry Le Bihan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harrold A van den Burg
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben van Ooijen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hansen LL, van den Burg HA, van Ooijen G. Sumoylation Contributes to Timekeeping and Temperature Compensation of the Plant Circadian Clock. J Biol Rhythms 2017; 32:560-569. [PMID: 29172926 DOI: 10.1177/0748730417737633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional circadian clock network is tuned into a 24-h oscillator by numerous posttranslational modifications on the proteins encoded by clock genes, differentially influencing their subcellular localization or activity. Clock proteins in any circadian organism are subject to posttranslational regulation, and many of the key enzymes, notably kinases and phosphatases, are functionally conserved between the clocks of mammals, fungi, and plants. We now establish sumoylation, the posttranslational modification of target proteins by the covalent attachment of the small ubiquitin-like modifier protein SUMO, as a novel mechanism regulating key clock properties in the model plant Arabidopsis. Using 2 different approaches, we show that mutant plant lines with decreased or increased levels of global sumoylation exhibit shortened or lengthened circadian period, respectively. One known functional role of sumoylation is to protect the proteome from temperature stress. The circadian clock is characterized by temperature compensation, meaning that proper timekeeping is ensured over the full range of physiologically relevant temperatures. Interestingly, we observed that the period defects in sumoylation mutant plants are strongly differential across temperature. Increased global sumoylation leads to undercompensation of the clock against temperature and decreased sumoylation to overcompensation, implying that sumoylation buffers the plant clock system against differential ambient temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise L Hansen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harrold A van den Burg
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben van Ooijen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Carranco R, Prieto-Dapena P, Almoguera C, Jordano J. SUMO-Dependent Synergism Involving Heat Shock Transcription Factors with Functions Linked to Seed Longevity and Desiccation Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:974. [PMID: 28659940 PMCID: PMC5468958 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A transcriptional synergism between HaHSFA9 (A9) and HaHSFA4a (A4a) contributes to determining longevity and desiccation tolerance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.) seeds. Potential lysine SUMOylation sites were identified in A9 and A4a and mutated to arginine. We show that A9 is SUMOylated in planta at K38. Although we did not directly detect SUMOylated A4a in planta, we provide indirect evidence from transient expression experiments indicating that A4a is SUMOylated at K172. Different combinations of wild type and SUMOylation site mutants of A9 and A4a were analyzed by transient expression in sunflower embryos and leaves. Although most of the precedents in literature link SUMOylation with repression, the A9 and A4a synergism was fully abolished when the mutant forms for both factors were combined. However, the combination of mutant forms of A9 and A4a did not affect the nuclear retention of A4a by A9; therefore, the analyzed mutations would affect the synergism after the mutual interaction and nuclear co-localization of A9 and A4a. Our results suggest a role for HSF SUMOylation during late, zygotic, embryogenesis. The SUMOylation of A9 (or A4a) would allow a crucial, synergic, transcriptional effect that occurs in maturing sunflower seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan Jordano
- Departamento de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSeville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sumoylation stabilizes RACK1B and enhance its interaction with RAP2.6 in the abscisic acid response. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44090. [PMID: 28272518 PMCID: PMC5341030 DOI: 10.1038/srep44090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved eukaryotic WD40 repeat protein, Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1), is involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) response in Arabidopsis. However, the regulation of RACK1 and the proteins with which it interacts are poorly understood. Here, we show that RACK1B is sumoylated at four residues, Lys50, Lys276, Lys281 and Lys291. Sumoylation increases RACK1B stability and its tolerance to ubiquitination-mediated degradation in ABA response. As a result, sumoylation leads to enhanced interaction between RACK1B and RAP2.6, an AP2/ERF family transcription factor. RACK1B binds directly to the AP2 domain of RAP2.6, which alters the affinity of RAP2.6 for CE1 and GCC cis-acting regulatory elements. Taken together, our findings illustrate that protein stability controlled by dynamic post-transcriptional modification is a critical regulatory mechanism for RACK1B, which functions as scaffold protein for RAP2.6 in ABA signaling.
Collapse
|
34
|
Cheng X, Xiong R, Li Y, Li F, Zhou X, Wang A. Sumoylation of Turnip mosaic virus RNA Polymerase Promotes Viral Infection by Counteracting the Host NPR1-Mediated Immune Response. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:508-525. [PMID: 28223439 PMCID: PMC5385955 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sumoylation is a transient, reversible dynamic posttranslational modification that regulates diverse cellular processes including plant-pathogen interactions. Sumoylation of NPR1, a master regulator of basal and systemic acquired resistance to a broad spectrum of plant pathogens, activates the defense response. Here, we report that NIb, the only RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) that targets the nucleus upon translation, interacts exclusively with and is sumoylated by SUMO3 (SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER3), but not the three other Arabidopsis thaliana SUMO paralogs. TuMV infection upregulates SUMO3 expression, and the sumoylation of NIb by SUMO3 regulates the nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning of NIb. We identified the SUMO-interacting motif in NIb that is essential for its sumoylation and found that knockout or overexpression of SUMO3 suppresses TuMV replication and attenuates viral symptoms, suggesting that SUMO3 plays dual roles as a host factor of TuMV and as an antiviral defender. Sumoylation of NIb by SUMO3 is crucial for its role in suppressing the host immune response. Taken together, our findings reveal that sumoylation of NIb promotes TuMV infection by retargeting NIb from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where viral replication takes place and by suppressing host antiviral responses through counteracting the TuMV infection-induced, SUMO3-activated, NPR1-mediated resistance pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Cheng
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Ruyi Xiong
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Yinzi Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Fangfang Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Proteomics analysis of the endogenous, constitutive, leaf SUMOylome. J Proteomics 2017; 150:268-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
36
|
Mazur MJ, Spears BJ, Djajasaputra A, van der Gragt M, Vlachakis G, Beerens B, Gassmann W, van den Burg HA. Arabidopsis TCP Transcription Factors Interact with the SUMO Conjugating Machinery in Nuclear Foci. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2043. [PMID: 29250092 PMCID: PMC5714883 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis more than 400 proteins have been identified as SUMO targets, both in vivo and in vitro. Among others, transcription factors (TFs) are common targets for SUMO conjugation. Here we aimed to exhaustively screen for TFs that interact with the SUMO machinery using an arrayed yeast two-hybrid library containing more than 1,100 TFs. We identified 76 interactors that foremost interact with the SUMO conjugation enzyme SCE1 and/or the SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1. These interactors belong to various TF families, which control a wide range of processes in plant development and stress signaling. Amongst these interactors, the TCP family was overrepresented with several TCPs interacting with different proteins of the SUMO conjugation cycle. For a subset of these TCPs we confirmed that the catalytic site of SCE1 is essential for this interaction. In agreement, TCP1, TCP3, TCP8, TCP14, and TCP15 were readily SUMO modified in an E. coli sumoylation assay. Strikingly, these TCP-SCE1 interactions were found to redistribute these TCPs into nuclear foci/speckles, suggesting that these TCP foci represent sites for SUMO (conjugation) activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena J. Mazur
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Benjamin J. Spears
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - André Djajasaputra
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michelle van der Gragt
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Georgios Vlachakis
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bas Beerens
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Harrold A. van den Burg
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Harrold A. van den Burg
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Detection and Analysis of SUMOylation Substrates In Vitro and In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 27613042 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3756-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a widely used protein posttranslational mechanism capable of regulating substrates localization, stability, and/or activity. Identification and characterization of bona fide SUMO substrates is a laborious task but its discovery can shed light to exquisite and crucial regulatory signaling events occurring within the cell. Experiments performed in the SUMOylation field often demand a good understanding of the putative substrate's function and necessitate a solid knowledge regarding both in vitro and in vivo approaches. This contribution offers a simplified view into some of the most common experiments performed in biochemical and cell biological research of the SUMO pathway in mammalian systems. It also summarizes and updates well established protocols and tricks in order to improve the likelihood to obtain reliable and reproducible results.
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu Y, Lai J, Yu M, Wang F, Zhang J, Jiang J, Hu H, Wu Q, Lu G, Xu P, Yang C. The Arabidopsis SUMO E3 Ligase AtMMS21 Dissociates the E2Fa/DPa Complex in Cell Cycle Regulation. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:2225-2237. [PMID: 27492969 PMCID: PMC5059808 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Development requires the proper execution and regulation of the cell cycle via precise, conserved mechanisms. Critically, the E2F/DP complex controls the expression of essential genes during cell cycle transitions. Here, we discovered the molecular function of the Arabidopsis thaliana SUMO E3 ligase METHYL METHANESULFONATE SENSITIVITY GENE21 (AtMMS21) in regulating the cell cycle via the E2Fa/DPa pathway. DPa was identified as an AtMMS21-interacting protein and AtMMS21 competes with E2Fa for interaction with DPa. Moreover, DPa is a substrate for SUMOylation mediated by AtMMS21, and this SUMOylation enhances the dissociation of the E2Fa/DPa complex. AtMMS21 also affects the subcellular localization of E2Fa/DPa. The E2Fa/DPa target genes are upregulated in the root of mms21-1 and mms21-1 mutants showed increased endoreplication. Overexpression of DPa affected the root development of mms21-1, and overexpression of AtMMS21 completely recovered the abnormal phenotypes of 35S:E2Fa-DPa plants. Our results suggest that AtMMS21 dissociates the E2Fa/DPa complex via competition and SUMOylation in the regulation of plant cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mengyuan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Feige Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jieming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Guohui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Panglian Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Garner CM, Kim SH, Spears BJ, Gassmann W. Express yourself: Transcriptional regulation of plant innate immunity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 56:150-162. [PMID: 27174437 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The plant immune system is a complex network of components that function together to sense the presence and activity of potential biotic threats, and integrate these signals into an appropriate output, namely the transcription of genes that activate an immune response that is commensurate with the perceived threat. Given the variety of biotic threats a plant must face the immune response must be plastic, but because an immune response is costly to the plant in terms of energy expenditure and development it must also be under tight control. To meet these needs transcriptional control is exercised at multiple levels. In this article we will review some of the latest developments in understanding how the plant immune response is regulated at the level of transcription. New roles are being discovered for the long-studied WRKY and TGA transcription factor families, while additional critical defense functions are being attributed to TCPs and other transcription factors. Dynamically controlling access to DNA through post-translational modification of histones is emerging as an essential component of priming, maintaining, attenuating, and repressing transcription in response to biotic stress. Unsurprisingly, the plant's transcriptional response is targeted by pathogen effectors, and in turn resistance proteins stand guard over and participate in transcriptional regulation. Together, these multiple layers lead to the observed complexity of the plant transcriptional immune response, with different transcription factors or chromatin components playing a prominent role depending on the plant-pathogen interaction being studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Garner
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin J Spears
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Saleh A, Withers J, Mohan R, Marqués J, Gu Y, Yan S, Zavaliev R, Nomoto M, Tada Y, Dong X. Posttranslational Modifications of the Master Transcriptional Regulator NPR1 Enable Dynamic but Tight Control of Plant Immune Responses. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 18:169-82. [PMID: 26269953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
NPR1, a master regulator of basal and systemic acquired resistance in plants, confers immunity through a transcriptional cascade, which includes transcription activators (e.g., TGA3) and repressors (e.g., WRKY70), leading to the massive induction of antimicrobial genes. How this single protein orchestrates genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming in response to immune stimulus remains a major question. Paradoxically, while NPR1 is essential for defense gene induction, its turnover appears to be required for this function, suggesting that NPR1 activity and degradation are dynamically regulated. Here we show that sumoylation of NPR1 by SUMO3 activates defense gene expression by switching NPR1's association with the WRKY transcription repressors to TGA transcription activators. Sumoylation also triggers NPR1 degradation, rendering the immune induction transient. SUMO modification of NPR1 is inhibited by phosphorylation at Ser55/Ser59, which keeps NPR1 stable and quiescent. Thus, posttranslational modifications enable dynamic but tight and precise control of plant immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaty Saleh
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Department of Biology, PO Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - John Withers
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Department of Biology, PO Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rajinikanth Mohan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Department of Biology, PO Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jorge Marqués
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Department of Biology, PO Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Department of Biology, PO Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shunping Yan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Department of Biology, PO Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Raul Zavaliev
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Department of Biology, PO Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mika Nomoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Department of Biology, PO Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Crozet P, Margalha L, Butowt R, Fernandes N, Elias CA, Orosa B, Tomanov K, Teige M, Bachmair A, Sadanandom A, Baena-González E. SUMOylation represses SnRK1 signaling in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 85:120-133. [PMID: 26662259 PMCID: PMC4817235 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The SnRK1 protein kinase balances cellular energy levels in accordance with extracellular conditions and is thereby key for plant stress tolerance. In addition, SnRK1 has been implicated in numerous growth and developmental processes from seed filling and maturation to flowering and senescence. Despite its importance, the mechanisms that regulate SnRK1 activity are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the SnRK1 complex is SUMOylated on multiple subunits and identify SIZ1 as the E3 Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) ligase responsible for this modification. We further show that SnRK1 is ubiquitinated in a SIZ1-dependent manner, causing its degradation through the proteasome. In consequence, SnRK1 degradation is deficient in siz1-2 mutants, leading to its accumulation and hyperactivation of SnRK1 signaling. Finally, SnRK1 degradation is strictly dependent on its activity, as inactive SnRK1 variants are aberrantly stable but recover normal degradation when expressed as SUMO mimetics. Altogether, our data suggest that active SnRK1 triggers its own SUMOylation and degradation, establishing a negative feedback loop that attenuates SnRK1 signaling and prevents detrimental hyperactivation of stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Crozet
- Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Leonor Margalha
- Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Rafal Butowt
- Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Noémia Fernandes
- Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. Elias
- Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Orosa
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Konstantin Tomanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Andreas Bachmair
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Elena Baena-González
- Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
- For correspondence ()
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu F, Wang X, Su M, Yu M, Zhang S, Lai J, Yang C, Wang Y. Functional characterization of DnSIZ1, a SIZ/PIAS-type SUMO E3 ligase from Dendrobium. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:225. [PMID: 26376625 PMCID: PMC4574183 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification of eukaryotic proteins that involves the reversible conjugation of a small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) polypeptide to its specific protein substrates, thereby regulating numerous complex cellular processes. The PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated signal transducers and activators of transcription [STAT]) and SIZ (scaffold attachment factor A/B/acinus/PIAS [SAP] and MIZ) proteins are SUMO E3 ligases that modulate SUMO conjugation. The characteristic features and SUMOylation mechanisms of SIZ1 protein in monocotyledon are poorly understood. Here, we examined the functions of a homolog of Arabidopsis SIZ1, a functional SIZ/PIAS-type SUMO E3 ligase from Dendrobium. RESULTS In Dendrobium, the predicted DnSIZ1 protein has domains that are highly conserved among SIZ/PIAS-type proteins. DnSIZ1 is widely expressed in Dendrobium organs and has a up-regulated trend by treatment with cold, high temperature and wounding. The DnSIZ1 protein localizes to the nucleus and shows SUMO E3 ligase activity when expressed in an Escherichia coli reconstitution system. Moreover, ectopic expression of DnSIZ1 in the Arabidopsis siz1-2 mutant partially complements several phenotypes and results in enhanced levels of SUMO conjugates in plants exposed to heat shock conditions. We observed that DnSIZ1 acts as a negative regulator of flowering transition which may be via a vernalization-induced pathway. In addition, ABA-hypersensitivity of siz1-2 seed germination can be partially suppressed by DnSIZ1. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DnSIZ1 is a functional homolog of the Arabidopsis SIZ1 with SUMO E3 ligase activity and may play an important role in the regulation of Dendrobium stress responses, flowering and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Mengying Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Mengyuan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Shengchun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Iribarren PA, Berazategui MA, Cazzulo JJ, Alvarez VE. Biosynthesis of SUMOylated Proteins in Bacteria Using the Trypanosoma brucei Enzymatic System. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134950. [PMID: 26258470 PMCID: PMC4530879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification with the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) is conserved in eukaryotic organisms and plays important regulatory roles in proteins affecting diverse cellular processes. In Trypanosoma brucei, member of one of the earliest branches in eukaryotic evolution, SUMO is essential for normal cell cycle progression and is likely to be involved in the epigenetic control of genes crucial for parasite survival, such as those encoding the variant surface glycoproteins. Molecular pathways modulated by SUMO have started to be discovered by proteomic studies; however, characterization of functional consequences is limited to a reduced number of targets. Here we present a bacterial strain engineered to produce SUMOylated proteins, by transferring SUMO from T. brucei together with the enzymes essential for its activation and conjugation. Due to the lack of background in E. coli, this system is useful to express and identify SUMOylated proteins directly in cell lysates by immunoblotting, and SUMOylated targets can be eventually purified for biochemical or structural studies. We applied this strategy to describe the ability of TbSUMO to form chains in vitro and to detect SUMOylation of a model substrate, PCNA both from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and from T. brucei. To further validate targets, we applied an in vitro deconjugation assay using the T. brucei SUMO-specific protease capable to revert the pattern of modification. This system represents a valuable tool for target validation, mutant generation and functional studies of SUMOylated proteins in trypanosomatids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ana Iribarren
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Campus Miguelete, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Agustina Berazategui
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Campus Miguelete, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan José Cazzulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Campus Miguelete, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanina Eder Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Campus Miguelete, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tan CM, Li MY, Yang PY, Chang SH, Ho YP, Lin H, Deng WL, Yang JY. Arabidopsis HFR1 is a potential nuclear substrate regulated by the Xanthomonas type III effector XopD(Xcc8004). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117067. [PMID: 25647296 PMCID: PMC4315394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
XopDXcc8004, a type III effector of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) 8004, is considered a shorter version of the XopD, which lacks the N-terminal domain. To understand the functions of XopDXcc8004, in planta, a transgenic approach combined with inducible promoter to analyze the effects of XopDXcc8004 in Arabidopsis was done. Here, the expression of XopDXcc8004, in Arabidopsis elicited the accumulation of host defense-response genes. These molecular changes were dependent on salicylic acid and correlated with lesion-mimic phenotypes observed in XVE::XopDXcc8004 transgenic plants. Moreover, XopDXcc8004 was able to desumoylate HFR1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor involved in photomorphogenesis, through SUMO protease activity. Interestingly, the hfr1-201 mutant increased the expression of host defense-response genes and displayed a resistance phenotype to Xcc8004. These data suggest that HFR1 is involved in plant innate immunity and is potentially regulated by XopDXcc8004.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Choon Meng Tan
- Institute of Biochemistry, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National ChungHsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ying Li
- Institute of Biochemistry, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu Heng Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Institute of Biochemistry, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Deng
- Department of Plant Pathology, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yi Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National ChungHsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National ChungHsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Khan M, Rozhon W, Unterholzner SJ, Chen T, Eremina M, Wurzinger B, Bachmair A, Teige M, Sieberer T, Isono E, Poppenberger B. Interplay between phosphorylation and SUMOylation events determines CESTA protein fate in brassinosteroid signalling. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4687. [PMID: 25134617 PMCID: PMC4167607 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids are steroid hormones that are essential for plant growth. Responses to these hormones are mediated by transcription factors of the BES1/BZR1 subfamily, and brassinosteroids activate these factors by impairing their inhibitory phosphorylation by GSK3/shaggy-like kinases. Here we show that brassinosteroids induce nuclear compartmentalization of CESTA (CES), a bHLH transcription factor that regulates brassinosteroid responses, and reveal that this process is regulated by CES SUMOylation. We demonstrate that CES contains an extended SUMOylation motif, and that SUMOylation of this motif is antagonized by phosphorylation to control CES subnuclear localization. Moreover, we provide evidence that phosphorylation regulates CES transcriptional activity and protein turnover by the proteasome. A coordinated modification model is proposed in which, in a brassinosteroid-deficient situation, CES is phosphorylated to activate target gene transcription and enable further posttranslational modification that controls CES protein stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoona Khan
- 1] Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany [2] Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Rozhon
- 1] Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany [2] Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Josef Unterholzner
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Tingting Chen
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Marina Eremina
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wurzinger
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bachmair
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Sieberer
- Plant Growth Regulation, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Erika Isono
- Plant Systems Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Brigitte Poppenberger
- 1] Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany [2] Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier Protein SUMO Enables Plants to Control Growth Independently of the Phytohormone Gibberellin. Dev Cell 2014; 28:102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
47
|
Salomon D, Orth K. Lost after translation: post-translational modifications by bacterial type III effectors. Curr Opin Microbiol 2013; 16:213-20. [PMID: 23466212 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens use the type III secretion system to deliver effector proteins into host cells. These effectors use various mechanisms to exploit host processes to the advantage of the pathogen. A large group of effectors use post-translational modifications, either reversible or irreversible, to manipulate host proteins, and while most of these mechanisms mimic eukaryotic activities, others appear to be unique biochemical functions. Deciphering such mechanisms and identifying the host targets of these effectors sheds light on eukaryotic signaling pathways and immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dor Salomon
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern, Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Raffaele S, Rivas S. Regulate and be regulated: integration of defense and other signals by the AtMYB30 transcription factor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:98. [PMID: 23596456 PMCID: PMC3622887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation in host cells plays a crucial role in the establishment of plant defense and associated cell death in response to pathogen attack. Here, we review our current knowledge of the transcriptional control of plant defenses with a focus on the MYB family of transcription factors (TFs). Within this family, the Arabidopsis MYB protein AtMYB30 is a key regulator of plant defenses and one of the best characterized MYB regulators directing defense-related transcriptional responses. The crucial role played by AtMYB30 in the regulation of plant disease resistance is underlined by the finding that AtMYB30 is targeted by the Xanthomonas type III effector XopD resulting in suppression of AtMYB30-mediated plant defenses. Moreover, the function of AtMYB30 is also tightly controlled by plant cells through protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications (PTMs). AtMYB30 studies highlight the importance of cellular dynamics for defense-associated gene regulation in plants. Finally, we discuss how AtMYB30 and other MYB TFs mediate the interplay between disease resistance and other stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Raffaele
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR441Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR2594Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Susana Rivas
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR441Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR2594Castanet-Tolosan, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
New insights into the role of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) in plants. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 300:161-209. [PMID: 23273862 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405210-9.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a small (∼12kDa) protein that occurs in all eukaryotes and participates in the reversible posttranslational modification of target cellular proteins. The three-dimensional structure of SUMO and ubiquitin (Ub) are superimposable although there is very little similarity in their primary amino acid sequences. In all organisms, conjugation and deconjugation of Ub and SUMO proceed by the same reactions while using pathway-specific enzymes. SUMO conjugation in plants is a part of the controls governing important biological processes such as growth, development, flowering, environmental (abiotic) stress responses, and response to pathogen infection. Most of the evidence for this comes from genetic analyses. Recent efforts to dissect the function of sumoylation have focused on uncovering targets of SUMO conjugation by using either a yeast two-hybrid screen employing components of the SUMO cycle as bait or by using affinity purification of SUMO-conjugated proteins followed by identification of these proteins by mass spectrometry. This chapter reviews the current knowledge regarding sumoylation in plants, with special focus on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
Collapse
|
50
|
Castro PH, Tavares RM, Bejarano ER, Azevedo H. SUMO, a heavyweight player in plant abiotic stress responses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3269-83. [PMID: 22903295 PMCID: PMC11114757 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications diversify the proteome and install new regulatory levels that are crucial for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Over the last decade, the ubiquitin-like modifying peptide small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) has been shown to regulate various nuclear processes, including transcriptional control. In plants, the sumoylation pathway has been significantly implicated in the response to environmental stimuli, including heat, cold, drought, and salt stresses, modulation of abscisic acid and other hormones, and nutrient homeostasis. This review focuses on the emerging importance of SUMO in the abiotic stress response, summarizing the molecular implications of sumoylation and emphasizing how high-throughput approaches aimed at identifying the full set of SUMO targets will greatly enhance our understanding of the SUMO-abiotic stress association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Humberto Castro
- CBFP/Biology Department, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics (BioFIG), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rui Manuel Tavares
- CBFP/Biology Department, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics (BioFIG), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduardo R. Bejarano
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Herlânder Azevedo
- CBFP/Biology Department, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics (BioFIG), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|