1
|
Tian X, Xia X, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Luo Y, Wang A. Temporary relationship between sleep duration and depression and its impact on future risk of cardiovascular disease. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:559-564. [PMID: 38266925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sleep duration and depression were correlated, their temporal sequence and how the sequence influence on future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remained undetermined. This study aimed to explore the temporal relationship between sleep duration and depression, and its association with future CVD risk. METHODS We included 10,629 middle-aged and elderly participants with repeated measurements of sleep duration and depressive symptoms (measured by Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale [CESD]) at the first two visits from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Cross-lagged analysis and mediation analysis were used to examine the temporal relationship between sleep duration and depression and its impact on future risk of CVD. RESULTS The adjusted cross-lagged path coefficient from baseline sleep duration to follow-up CES-D (β1 = -0.191; 95 % confidence interval [CI], -0.239 to -0.142) was significantly greatly than that from baseline CES-D to follow-up sleep duration (β2 = -0.031; 95 % CI, -0.031 to -0.024) (Pdifference < 0.0001). Similarly, the path coefficient from baseline sleep duration to annual changes in CES-D was significantly greater than that from baseline CES-D to annual changes in sleep duration (β1 = -0.093 versus β2 = -0.015, Pdifference < 0.0001). The path coefficient from baseline sleep duration to follow-up CES-D in CVD group was significantly greater than that in those without CVD (Pdifference of β1 = 0.0378). Furthermore, 27.93 % of the total association of sleep duration with CVD was mediated by depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide evidence that decrease in sleep duration probably precedes the increased in depressive symptoms, and depression partially mediated the pathway from sleep duration to incident CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nehme M, Schrempft S, Baysson H, Pullen N, Rouzinov S, Stringhini S, Guessous I. Associations Between Healthy Behaviors and Persistently Favorable Self-Rated Health in a Longitudinal Population-Based Study in Switzerland. J Gen Intern Med 2024:10.1007/s11606-024-08739-1. [PMID: 38528233 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-024-08739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-rated health is a subjective yet valuable indicator of overall health status, influenced by various factors including physical, psychological, and socio-economic elements. Self-rated health could be telling and used by primary care physicians to evaluate overall present and predictive health. DESIGN This study investigates the longitudinal evolution of self-rated health in Switzerland during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the association of persistently favorable self-rated health with various predictors. PARTICIPANTS This study based on the Specchio cohort, a population-based digital study in Geneva Switzerland, involved participants completing questionnaires from 2021 to 2023. MAIN MEASURES Self-rated health was assessed alongside factors like physical and mental health, socio-economic status, and lifestyle behaviors. KEY RESULTS The study included 7006 participants in 2021, and 3888 participants who answered all three follow-ups (2021, 2022, and 2023). At baseline, 34.9% of individuals reported very good, 54.6% reported good, 9.6% reported average, and 1.0% reported poor to very poor self-rated health. Overall, 29.1% had a worsening in their self-rated health between 2021 and 2023. A subset of participants (12.1%) maintained very good self-rated health throughout, demonstrating persistently favorable self-rated health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Positive health behaviors were associated with persistently favorable self-rated health (exercise aOR 1.13 [1.03-1.24]; healthy diet aOR 2.14 [1.70-2.68]; less screen time aOR 1.28 [1.03-1.58]; and better sleep quality aOR 2.48 [2.02-3.04]). Mental health and social support also played significant roles. CONCLUSION The study underscores the significance of healthy lifestyle choices and social support in maintaining favorable self-rated health, particularly during challenging times like the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary care physicians should focus on promoting these factors, integrating these actions in their routine consultations, and advising patients to undertake in socially engaging activities to improve overall health perceptions and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayssam Nehme
- Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Stephanie Schrempft
- Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Helene Baysson
- Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nick Pullen
- Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serguei Rouzinov
- Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- University Center for General Medicine and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Population and Public Health and Edwin S.H, Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Idris Guessous
- Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vestergaard CL, Skogen JC, Hysing M, Harvey AG, Vedaa Ø, Sivertsen B. Sleep duration and mental health in young adults. Sleep Med 2024; 115:30-38. [PMID: 38330693 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between sleep duration and mental illness has been established in middle-aged and older populations, yet remains less explored in younger adults. Additionally, a common limitation to existing studies is the lack of statistical power to explore less common disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine sleep duration as a predictor for a range of mental disorders and well-being in a longitudinal sample of young adults. METHODS Data were derived from two waves (w1, w2) of the SHoT survey, which invited all full-time university and college students in Norway. The response rates were 34.4 % (n = 62,498) in 2021 (w1) and 35.1 % (n = 59,554) 2022 (w2). This study utilized a nested longitudinal sample from both w1 and w2, encompassing 21,289 students. Demographics, sleep duration (w1), and mental health (w2) were measured by self-report questionnaires. Sex-stratified linear regression models and log-link binomial regression analyses were employed to determine the proportion and calculate the risk ratios, respectively, for mental illness across different sleep duration categories. RESULTS The mean age of the sample was 24.8 years ± 4.5 years (w1). Students with shorter sleep durations, and to some degree longer sleep durations (illustrating a ᒐ-shaped association), exhibited a higher risk for all assessed mental disorders and well-being outcomes one year later, compared to students sleeping 8-9 h. The ᒐ-shaped trend was consistent for both female and male students. CONCLUSION Sleep duration appears to be a transdiagnostic marker for mental health in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie L Vestergaard
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jens C Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Alcohol & Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Allison G Harvey
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Karunanayake CP, Pahwa P, Kirychuk S, Fenton M, Ramsden VR, Seeseequasis J, Seesequasis W, Skomro R, Rennie DC, McMullin K, Russell BP, Koehncke N, Abonyi S, King M, Dosman JA. Sleep Efficiency and Sleep Onset Latency in One Saskatchewan First Nation. Clocks Sleep 2024; 6:40-55. [PMID: 38247884 PMCID: PMC10801613 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep efficiency and sleep onset latency are two measures that can be used to assess sleep quality. Factors that are related to sleep quality include age, sex, sociodemographic factors, and physical and mental health status. This study examines factors related to sleep efficiency and sleep onset latency in one First Nation in Saskatchewan, Canada. METHODS A baseline survey of the First Nations Sleep Health project was completed between 2018 and 2019 in collaboration with two Cree First Nations. One-night actigraphy evaluations were completed within one of the two First Nations. Objective actigraphy evaluations included sleep efficiency and sleep onset latency. A total of 167 individuals participated, and of these, 156 observations were available for analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted using logistic and linear regression models. RESULTS More females (61%) than males participated in the actigraphy study, with the mean age being higher for females (39.6 years) than males (35.0 years). The mean sleep efficiency was 83.38%, and the mean sleep onset latency was 20.74 (SD = 27.25) minutes. Age, chronic pain, ever having high blood pressure, and smoking inside the house were associated with an increased risk of poor sleep efficiency in the multiple logistic regression model. Age, chronic pain, ever having anxiety, heart-related illness, and smoking inside the house were associated with longer sleep onset latency in the multiple linear regression model. CONCLUSIONS Sleep efficiency and sleep onset latency were associated with physical and environmental factors in this First Nation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandima P. Karunanayake
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (P.P.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (K.M.); (B.P.R.); (N.K.); (J.A.D.)
| | - Punam Pahwa
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (P.P.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (K.M.); (B.P.R.); (N.K.); (J.A.D.)
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (S.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Shelley Kirychuk
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (P.P.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (K.M.); (B.P.R.); (N.K.); (J.A.D.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada; (M.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Mark Fenton
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada; (M.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Vivian R. Ramsden
- Department of Academic Family Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, West Winds Primary Health Centre, 3311 Fairlight Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7M 3Y5, Canada;
| | - Jeremy Seeseequasis
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (P.P.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (K.M.); (B.P.R.); (N.K.); (J.A.D.)
| | | | - Robert Skomro
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada; (M.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Donna C. Rennie
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
| | - Kathleen McMullin
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (P.P.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (K.M.); (B.P.R.); (N.K.); (J.A.D.)
| | - Brooke P. Russell
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (P.P.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (K.M.); (B.P.R.); (N.K.); (J.A.D.)
| | - Niels Koehncke
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (P.P.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (K.M.); (B.P.R.); (N.K.); (J.A.D.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada; (M.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Sylvia Abonyi
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (S.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Malcolm King
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (S.A.); (M.K.)
| | - James A. Dosman
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; (P.P.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (K.M.); (B.P.R.); (N.K.); (J.A.D.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada; (M.F.); (R.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shimamoto H, Eastwood P, Anderson M, Mizuno K. Prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness and its association with daily life factors in Japanese first-year university students. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2024; 22:33-40. [PMID: 38476855 PMCID: PMC10899967 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-023-00470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
As lifestyles have shifted to favor nighttime activities, daytime sleepiness and sleep-related problems have become increasingly common in Japan. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is an adverse consequence of sleep loss and an important public health concern. EDS may cause academic difficulties, behavioral abnormalities, and psychological dysfunction; therefore, it is a particularly important issue among university students. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of EDS and its associated lifestyle factors among Japanese university students. A questionnaire was completed by 1470 first-year university students, aged 19.0 (± 1.0) years. Using the questionnaire, we collected information on (1) demographic variables, (2) lifestyle variables, and (3) sleep habits and daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness was measured using the Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, a frequently used subjective scale for assessing sleepiness. The overall prevalence of EDS was 57% (53% in men and 61% in women). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the following factors were associated with EDS: female sex, exercise habits, long commuting times, later wake-up times, and shorter sleep duration. Given that more than 50% of first-year university students reported having EDS, interventions should be considered to decrease its risk, including educational programs that provide strategies to extend sleep duration and delay wake-up time. Such strategies may also be valuable for students with other potential risk factors, such as exercise habits or long commute times, that are associated with EDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Shimamoto
- Center for Education in Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka University, 1-16 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Peter Eastwood
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Martin Anderson
- School of Human Sciences (Sport Science, Exercise and Health), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Koh Mizuno
- Faculty of Education, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
胡 越, 张 伟. [Effects of Television Screen Exposure on the Mental Health of Middle-aged and Older Adults]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:1191-1200. [PMID: 38162069 PMCID: PMC10752788 DOI: 10.12182/20230960504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between the duration of TV screen exposure and mental illnesses in middle-aged and older adults. Methods The study was based on a cohort of 500 000 participants from UK Biobank. A prospective cohort of participants with TV screen exposure was established based on the exposure factor of the participants' daily TV watching time. The outcome was defined as psychological problem-related outcomes. The follow-up period extended from the time of baseline assessment of the participants to December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of suicide attempts and mental illnesses in the population covered by the study. Results A total of 410 946 participants were followed up for an average of 10.8 years and 33 071 of them experienced an outcome events. Compared with the group of participants who had 0-1 h of daily TV time, the group of participants who watched TV for more than 5 h per day had an HR of 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-1.44). In stratified analysis, we found that, compared with individuals aged 45 years and over, individuals who were 38-44 years old were at a higher risk of developing mental illness when they watched TV for long periods of time (>5 h HR 1.83, 95% CI: 1.55-2.15). Long periods of outdoor activities reduced the risk of mental illness for individuals who watched TV for long periods of time (>5 h HR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.16-1.37). Having less than 5 hours of sleep increased the mental health risks of individuals who watched TV for long periods of time (>5 h HR 1.56, 95% CI: 1.34-1.81) and when sleep duration increased, TV watching showed decreased impact on mental health risks (>5 h HR dropped from 1.56 to 1.19). Conclusion Our findings suggest that TV viewing for long periods of time increases the risk of mental illness. Increaseing outdoor activity time and sleep time reduces the negative impact of watching TV on mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 越 胡
- 四川大学华西医院 心理卫生中心 (成都 610041)Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 伟 张
- 四川大学华西医院 心理卫生中心 (成都 610041)Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen C, Jew A, Chui C, Horn J, Kim E, Melkonian D, Eisenberg D. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on college students' mental health and lifestyle factors. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37856397 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2266000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study examines how mental health and health behaviors evolved among college students nationwide before and during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: Data collected from college students across various campuses in Fall 2019 (N = 33,372) and Fall 2020 (N = 34,168) as part of the Healthy Minds Study. Methods: The online survey was delivered via Qualtrics. Data was analyzed through an unpaired two-samples T-test and a two-proportion Z-test. Results: The results show a significant difference of depression and anxiety symptoms in college students during Fall 2020 compared to Fall 2019. Sleep patterns significantly shifted during the pandemic. Substance use, perceived need for counseling, and the amount of time students spent exercising all significantly differed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: In the context of declines in mental health among college students, college campuses should implement mental health support models addressing students' individual health risk and lifestyle behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Chen
- Department of Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ashlyn Jew
- Department of Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charlotte Chui
- Department of Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jill Horn
- Department of Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Erin Kim
- Department of Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dina Melkonian
- Department of Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel Eisenberg
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Los Angeles Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gallo GG, Curado DF, Machado MPA, Espíndola MI, Scattone VV, Noto AR. A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness: effects on university students' mental health. Int J Ment Health Syst 2023; 17:32. [PMID: 37833796 PMCID: PMC10571349 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-023-00604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of mental health disorders is common in the university population, and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) seem to be effective in addressing them in different contexts. Thus, this study investigated the impact of an 8-week MBI adapted to university students from the Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBSR) on different symptoms related to mental health problems, specifically symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress and insomnia. METHODS University students (n = 136) were randomized into MBI group (n = 71) or wait-list group (n = 65). All participants completed self-administered questionnaires before and after the intervention, and the experimental group answered questionnaires weekly during intervention. Generalized mixed models were used to assess the effects of the intervention. RESULTS There were improvements in the symptoms of stress (B = 5.76, p < 0.001), depression (B = 1.55, p < 0.01) and insomnia (B = 1.35, p = 0.020) from the beginning of the intervention to the final assessment when it was compared to the control group. No effect was found in respect of trait anxiety. The MBI was found to be effective in reducing important symptoms related to university students' mental health, possibly grounding further research on the intervention's potential of preventing the development of mental disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION The research was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) - number RBR-63qsqx, approved at 09/16/2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Gonçalves Gallo
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, NEPSIS - Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde de Uso de Substâncias - MBRP Brasil - Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Formação em Prevenção de Recaídas Baseada em Mindfulness (MBRP), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Fernandez Curado
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, NEPSIS - Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde de Uso de Substâncias - MBRP Brasil - Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Formação em Prevenção de Recaídas Baseada em Mindfulness (MBRP), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayra Pires Alves Machado
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, NEPSIS - Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde de Uso de Substâncias - MBRP Brasil - Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Formação em Prevenção de Recaídas Baseada em Mindfulness (MBRP), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília Ignácio Espíndola
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, NEPSIS - Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde de Uso de Substâncias - MBRP Brasil - Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Formação em Prevenção de Recaídas Baseada em Mindfulness (MBRP), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Villar Scattone
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, NEPSIS - Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde de Uso de Substâncias - MBRP Brasil - Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Formação em Prevenção de Recaídas Baseada em Mindfulness (MBRP), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Regina Noto
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, NEPSIS - Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde de Uso de Substâncias - MBRP Brasil - Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Formação em Prevenção de Recaídas Baseada em Mindfulness (MBRP), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chernyshev OY. Sleep Deprivation and Its Consequences. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2023; 29:1234-1252. [PMID: 37590831 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reviews the clinical, cognitive, behavioral, and physiologic consequences of sleep deprivation in relation to general neurology practice. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Despite being one of the most common sleep problems in modern society, the role of sleep deprivation is underrecognized and underestimated in clinical medicine and general neurology practice. The recognition, diagnosis, and management of sleep deprivation in neurologic practice have only recently received close attention. The consequences of sleep deprivation involve all aspects of general neurology practice, including individuals with neurologic disease, neurologists, communities, and health care systems. The identification and timely management of sleep deprivation symptoms may help to improve symptoms of underlying primary neurologic disorders. ESSENTIAL POINTS This article emphasizes complexities related to the identification and evaluation of sleep deprivation in general neurology practice and describes the consequences of sleep deprivation. By recognizing sleep deprivation in patients with neurologic conditions, the neurologist can provide comprehensive care and contribute to improved clinical and neurologic outcomes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shimamoto H, Suwa M, Adachi H, Adachi M, Mizuno K. Better Mental Health and Sleep under Behavioral Restrictions Due to COVID-19 in Japanese University Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:373-383. [PMID: 37489437 PMCID: PMC10366772 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic, which is not only a severe public health issue but also significantly impacts the physical activity, sleep habits, and mental health of university students. Thus, we examined the association between behavioral restrictions due to COVID-19 and sleep patterns and mental health in first-year Japanese university students. Four hundred and twenty-two students (253 males and 169 females; age, 18.7 ± 1.0 years) participated in our questionnaire study. Under the behavioral restrictions due to COVID-19, 193 students (127 males and 66 females) responded to the questionnaire online from home. The participants did not visit the university during the survey period. The data acquired the year before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018 and 2019) were used as control data (126 males and 103 females). The questionnaire consisted of four sections: (1) demographic and lifestyle variables, (2) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, (3) the Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and (4) the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Our data revealed that self-restraint due to COVID-19 was associated with better sleep and mental health. In addition, mental health was independent of sleep, while sleep was related to mental health. These differences were more pronounced in male than in female students. This finding could be due to physical activity at night, part-time work, and long commuting times during the pre-pandemic period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Shimamoto
- Center for Education in Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masataka Suwa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Koriyama Women's University, Koriyama 963-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Adachi
- Campus Life Health Support/Consultation Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Manabu Adachi
- Faculty of Human Health, Sonoda Women's University, Amagasaki 661-8520, Japan
| | - Koh Mizuno
- Faculty of Education, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai 981-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gadam S, Pattinson CL, Rossa KR, Soleimanloo SS, Moore J, Begum T, Srinivasan AG, Smith SS. Interventions to increase sleep duration in young people: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 70:101807. [PMID: 37413721 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review explored the outcomes of current interventions to increase sleep duration in healthy young people (14-25 years). Nine databases were systematically searched, and 26 studies were included in this review. Quality assessment of the included studies was evaluated using two tools: the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and Cochrane Risk of Bias. The interventions incorporated a range of strategies including behavioral (46.2%), educational (26.9%), a combination of behavioral and educational (15.4%), and other strategies such as physical therapy (11.5%). The findings indicate that behavioral and combination interventions were consistently effective in increasing sleep duration in healthy young people. Educational interventions alone were less effective at increasing young people's sleep duration. Of all the included studies, only one randomized control trial but none of the non-randomized trials were rated as good quality. Our findings suggest a combination of strategies with an emphasis on personalization of intervention could possibly maximize the chances of success at improving sleep duration in healthy young people. More high-quality studies with long-term assessments (≥ 6 months) should be conducted to test the efficacy and durability of interventions to increase sleep duration in young people, as well as the clinical implications to mental and physical health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylistah Gadam
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (the Life Course Centre), Australia.
| | - Cassandra L Pattinson
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (the Life Course Centre), Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for the Digital Child, Australia
| | - Kalina R Rossa
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (the Life Course Centre), Australia
| | - Shamsi Shekari Soleimanloo
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (the Life Course Centre), Australia
| | - Jane Moore
- UQ Library, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Tahmina Begum
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (the Life Course Centre), Australia
| | - Arvind Gnani Srinivasan
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (the Life Course Centre), Australia
| | - Simon S Smith
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (the Life Course Centre), Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for the Digital Child, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Griggs S, Irani E, Strohl KP, Al-Kindi S, Rajagopalan S, Crawford SL, Margevicius S, Hickman RL. Sleep health dimensions are associated with next-day symptoms in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Sleep Health 2023; 9:339-345. [PMID: 36567195 PMCID: PMC10287843 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated intra-individual reciprocal associations between sleep health dimensions (individual and composite) and symptoms among young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS Cross-lagged multilevel models were used to analyze electronic diary-reported sleep and symptom patterns over 7 days at waketime in 42 young adults with T1D. Sleep health dimensions included regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency (percentage of time spent asleep), and duration (total sleep time) and symptoms included mood, fatigue, and pain. Covariates included biological sex and age. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We recruited young adults (mean age 21.5 ± 2.1 years, HbA1c 6.8%, 85% female, 10% gender minority) with T1D for at least 6 months and no other major medical or psychiatric comorbidity from social media platforms, the College Diabetes Network, and ResearchMatch. RESULTS On days with a better sleep health composite, participants reported lower next-day symptoms (higher mood, lower fatigue, and lower pain) and on days when participants reported lower symptoms, participants reported better sleep health (as a composite). Several individual sleep health dimensions led to lower next-day symptoms (eg, higher satisfaction, alertness, and efficiency and higher mood); however, symptoms were no longer predictive of next-day sleep when controlling for prior day sleep. CONCLUSIONS Optimal sleep health is an antecedent of fewer next day symptoms. Sleep health dimensions likely have positive additive effects on lower symptoms as some of the individual sleep health dimensions were not significantly associated with some symptoms among young adults with T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Griggs
- Case Western Reserve University, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Elliane Irani
- Case Western Reserve University, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kingman P Strohl
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Center for Vascular Metabolic Disease, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sybil L Crawford
- UMass Chan Medical School, Tan Chingfen Graduate School of Nursing, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seunghee Margevicius
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronald L Hickman
- Case Western Reserve University, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kirshenbaum JS, Coury SM, Colich NL, Manber R, Gotlib IH. Objective and subjective sleep health in adolescence: Associations with puberty and affect. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13805. [PMID: 36514260 PMCID: PMC10175082 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sleep health tends to worsen during adolescence, partially due to pubertal-related changes that, in combination with social and psychological factors, can lead to long-lasting impairments in sleep health and affective functioning. Discrepant findings between subjective and objective measures of sleep in relation to affect have been reported in studies of adults; however, few investigations have assessed both subjective and objective sleep quality in a single sample, and fewer have examined this in the context of pubertal development. We aimed to (1) characterise pubertal associations with subjective sleep satisfaction, objective sleep efficiency, and objective and subjective sleep duration in adolescents; (2) examine the longitudinal association between daily affect and sleep metrics; and (3) test whether pubertal stage moderated this association. Eighty-nine participants (64% female, ages 13-20) completed an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and actigraphy protocol. Independent of age, advanced pubertal stage was associated with lower subjective sleep satisfaction but not with objective sleep indices. Subjective sleep satisfaction was associated with within-person trajectories of negative affect, but not with positive affect. Pubertal stage and sleep satisfaction did not interact to predict within-day negative or positive affect. These findings are consistent with previous reports showing that objective and subjective sleep health are associated differently with puberty, and that subjective sleep health is associated with daily affect. Pubertal stage may be a more important indicator of subjective sleep quality in adolescence than is chronological age, most likely due to hormonal changes and psychological adjustment to the physical changes associated with the pubertal transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn S. Kirshenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Saché M. Coury
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Rachel Manber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ian H. Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Esht V, Alshehri MM, Bautista MJ, Sharma A, Alshamrani M, Alenazi AM, Alqahtani BA, Alhowimel AS, Hakamy A, Abdelwahab SI. A Cross-Sectional Study Using STROBE Platform to Examine Sleep Characteristics, Mental Health and Academic Performance of Female Applied Medical Sciences Students in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:451. [PMID: 37366703 DOI: 10.3390/bs13060451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Medical students are expected to excel in their academics. Hence exposing them to a certain amount of strain may sometimes cause sleep disruptions. The purpose of this study was to determine the sleep quality among Saudi Applied Medical Sciences students and its potential connections with their academic performance and mental health. Methods: This online cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted at Jazan University's College of Applied Medical Sciences in Saudi Arabia. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a known indicator of sleep quality, a validated mental health measure; Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), and Academic Performance Scale (APS) with 89 internal consistencies were included in the questionnaire. The cumulative grade point average (GPA) was also used as a covariate to evaluate students' academic success. Results: 112 people responded (response rate = 93%), and 105 of them presented comprehensive information about their backgrounds, way of life, academic standing, sleep patterns, and mental health. Participants' average GPA and APS scores were 4.23 ± 0.52 and 33.16 ± 5.63, respectively. The mean global PSQI score was 6.47 with 2.34 of standard deviation (SD). The majority of individuals (60%) had poor sleep quality particularly due to abnormal sleep latency and lesser sleep duration, as determined by their PSQI score. The prevalence rates for depression, anxiety, and stress were higher; 53%, 54% and 40%, respectively. Both depression and anxiety were substantially correlated with poor sleep quality (p-value = 0.008, p-value = 0.01, respectively). Sleep quality had no significant effect on GPA while global PSQI and depression were significantly negatively correlated with an APS score of participants (p-value = 0.007 and 0.015, respectively). Conclusions: Higher rates of poor sleep quality and psychologically negative emotions were prevalent. Unhealthy sleep patterns were linked to increased levels of anxiety and depression. Self-perceived academic performance was negatively impacted by inadequate sleep and negative emotions, despite the fact that the GPA results were unaffected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Esht
- Department of Physical therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alshehri
- Department of Physical therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marissa J Bautista
- Department of Physical therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Physiotherapy, Arogyam Institute of Paramedical and Allied Sciences, Affiliated to H.N.B. Uttarakhand Medical Education University, Roorkee 247661, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meshal Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeel M Alenazi
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader A Alqahtani
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Alhowimel
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hakamy
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kósa K, Vincze S, Veres-Balajti I, Bába ÉB. The Pendulum Swings Both Ways: Evidence for U-Shaped Association between Sleep Duration and Mental Health Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095650. [PMID: 37174169 PMCID: PMC10178027 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Short sleep duration is a known risk to health, but less certain is the impact of longer sleep duration on various measures of health. We investigated the relationship between sleep duration and mental health outcomes in a cross-sectional survey conducted on a homogenous sample of healthy governmental employees (N = 1212). Data on sleep duration, subjective health, psychological stress, sense of coherence, life satisfaction and work ability along with sociodemographic data were collected. Sleep duration was significantly longer, and mental health outcomes and work ability were significantly better among those in at least good subjective health. Fitting mental health outcomes on sleep duration suggested a quadratic or fractional polynomial function, therefore these were tested and the best-fitting models were selected. Longer than 8 h of sleep duration was associated with a decreasing sense of coherence and decreasing work ability. However, psychological stress and life satisfaction were positively impacted by more than 8 h of sleep. Sleep duration likely has an optimum range for health, similar to other variables reflecting homeostatic functions. However, this is difficult to prove due to the left-skewed distribution of sleep duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kósa
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Vincze
- Department of Sectoral Economics and Methodology, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilona Veres-Balajti
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Bácsné Bába
- Department of Sports Economy and Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the association of sleep quality with mental health in Chinese young adults. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:716-722. [PMID: 36528137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sleepers have a higher prevalence of mental health problems, and vice versa. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. We aimed to examine the bidirectional association between sleep quality and mental health, and further explore the moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the association. METHODS This prospective longitudinal study was conducted from April 2019 to May 2021, integrated questionnaire and blood sample data from 2 universities in Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces. The current study recruited 1179 young adults at baseline and conducted the follow-up survey among 1135 half a year later. The sleep quality and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. Blood samples were collected at baseline, and MethyTarget™ was used to detect the PER3 gene DNA methylation level. A cross-lag model was used to examine the bidirectional association between sleep quality and mental health. The PROCESS plug-in of SPSS software was used to analyse the moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation. RESULTS Cross-lagged analyses suggested a significant bidirectional relationship between poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress symptoms. Sleep quality at baseline was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms (β = 0.344, P < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (β = 0.348, P < 0.001), and stress symptoms (β = 0.324, P < 0.001) half a year later. Depressive symptoms (β = 0.049, P < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (β = 0.055, P < 0.001), and stress symptoms (β = 0.063, P < 0.001) at baseline were also significant predictors of poor sleep quality half a year later. Furthermore, PER3 gene DNA methylation has negative moderating effects between sleep quality at baseline and depressive symptoms (β = -11.706, P = 0.012), anxiety symptoms (β = -10.289, P = 0.019), and stress symptoms (β = -10.799, P = 0.024) half a year later and a sex difference. Among boys, PER3 gene DNA methylation has positive moderating effects between anxiety symptoms at baseline and sleep quality (β = 3.337, P = 0.018) half a year later. However, there was no association between mental health at baseline and sleep quality half a year later among girls. CONCLUSION Bidirectional relationships were identified between sleep quality and mental health among Chinese young adults during the study period. DNA methylation evidence supports a negative moderating effect of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the relationship between sleep quality at baseline and mental health half a year later and had sex differences. Among boys, PER3 gene DNA methylation had positive moderating effects between anxiety symptoms at baseline and sleep quality half a year later. These findings point to the importance of circadian clock gene DNA methylation in the relationship between sleep quality and mental health.
Collapse
|
17
|
Vaseghi S, Mostafavijabbari A, Alizadeh MS, Ghaffarzadegan R, Kholghi G, Zarrindast MR. Intricate role of sleep deprivation in modulating depression: focusing on BDNF, VEGF, serotonin, cortisol, and TNF-α. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:195-219. [PMID: 36399239 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we aimed to discuss intricate roles of SD in modulating depression in preclinical and clinical studies. Decades of research have shown the inconsistent effects of SD on depression, focusing on SD duration. However, inconsistent role of SD seems to be more complicated, and SD duration cannot be the only one factor. Regarding this issue, we chose some important factors involved in the effects of SD on cognitive functions and mood including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), serotonin, cortisol, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). It was concluded that SD has a wide-range of inconsistent effects on BDNF, VEGF, serotonin, and cortisol levels. It was noted that BDNF diurnal rhythm is significantly involved in the modulatory role of SD in depression. Furthermore, the important role of VEGF in blood-brain barrier permeability which is involved in modulating depression was discussed. It was also noted that there is a negative correlation between cortisol and BDNF that modulates depression. Eventually, it was concluded that TNF-α regulates sleep/wake cycle and is involved in the vulnerability to cognitive and behavioral impairments following SD. TNF-α also increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier which is accompanied by depressive behavior. In sum, it was suggested that future studies should focus on these mechanisms/factors to better investigate the reasons behind intricate roles of SD in modulating depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad-Sadegh Alizadeh
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghaffarzadegan
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hashmi AN, Qamar R, Taj R, Zubair UB, Agha Z, Abbasi SA, Azam M. Contributing risk factors of common psychiatric disorders in the Pakistani population. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022:10.1007/s00406-022-01545-y. [PMID: 36583741 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With an increasing incidence of psychiatric disorders worldwide, there is a need for a better understanding of the population-specific contributing risk factors that are associated with common psychiatric conditions. This study aimed to assess the correlation between socioeconomic, environmental and clinical features associated with major depression (MDD n = 479), bipolar disorder (BD n = 222) and schizophrenia (SHZ n = 146), in the Pakistani population. Multinomial logistic regression and Pearson's correlation were applied to assess the association and correlation between demographic, socioeconomic, environmental, and clinical features of MDD, BD and SHZ. In the present study, MDD was found to be more prevalent than BD and SHZ. The average age at onset (AAO), was observed to be earlier in females with BD and SHZ, in addition, females with a positive family history of MDD, BD and SHZ also had an earlier AAO. The fitted multinomial logistic regression model indicated a significant association of; aggression, tobacco use, drugs abuse, history of head injuries and family history with BD as compared to MDD, while insomnia and suicidality were significantly associated with MDD. Strong positive correlations were observed mainly between age/AAO, AAO/tobacco use and aggression/insomnia in all three cohorts. In conclusion, the present study identifies possible contributing socio-demographic, biological and environmental factors that are correlated and associated with the psychiatric conditions in the Pakistani population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Nasir Hashmi
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Tarlai Kalan, Park Road, Islamabad, 45600, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Science and Technology Sector, ICESCO, Rabat, Morocco.,Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Taj
- Department of Psychiatry, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usama Bin Zubair
- Department of Psychiatry, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Agha
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Tarlai Kalan, Park Road, Islamabad, 45600, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Akber Abbasi
- Statistics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics & Physics, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar. .,Statistical Consulting Unit, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Maleeha Azam
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Tarlai Kalan, Park Road, Islamabad, 45600, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abiddine FZE, Aljaberi MA, Gadelrab HF, Lin CY, Muhammed A. Mediated effects of insomnia in the association between problematic social media use and subjective well-being among university students during COVID-19 pandemic. SLEEP EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:100030. [PMID: 35992212 PMCID: PMC9377837 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepe.2022.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the use of social media has penetrated many aspects of our daily lives. Therefore, it has stimulated much debate and polarisation regarding its impact on mental well-being. The present study investigated the association between problematic use of social media, subjective well-being, and insomnia's potential mediator. A proportionate random sample was collected from a Univerity in Algeria between March and April 2020.The participants (n=288; mean [SD] age = 20.83 [2.13]) involved 101 (35.1%) males. Nearly three-fourths of the participants (n=214; 74.3%) used up more-than three hours daily surfing on social media. Their mean (SD) score was 15.64 (4.80) on the Bergan Social Media Addiction Scale, 16.19 (9.15) on the Arabic Scale of Insomnia, and 28.13 (7.90) on the overall subjective well-being. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed an indirect correlation between problematic use of social media and the overall subjective well-being of users. Similarly, the indirect but not direct effects were found for the overall subjective well-being subdomains. Moreover, all SEM models have a satisfactory fit with the data. Based on the results, it can be concluded that insomnia appears to play an important role in mediating the association between subjective well-being and problematic social media use. This suggests the importance of tackling the issues of insomnia and problematic use of social media for university students. It also has important implications in dealing with the misuse of social media, especially during the covid-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fares Zine El Abiddine
- Lab: Psychological and Educational Research, University of Djillali Liabes Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria
| | - Musheer A. Aljaberi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen.,Corresponding author
| | - Hesham F. Gadelrab
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Auwalu Muhammed
- Department of Nursing Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moreton A, Wahesh E, Schmidt CD. Indirect effect of mindfulness on psychological distress via sleep hygiene in division I college student athletes. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1936-1940. [PMID: 33151828 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1842416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveThe unique demands placed on Division I student athletes (SAs) puts them at risk of experiencing poor sleep and increased psychological distress. Researchers have found that mindfulness improves well-being, directly and indirectly via sleep behaviors; however, it is not known if these relationships hold up within a sample of SAs. Thus, this study examined the indirect effect of mindfulness on psychological distress through sleep hygiene in SAs. Participants and methods: A sample of 269 Division I SAs were surveyed on their psychological distress, sleep hygiene, and mindfulness in 2018-2019. Results: Mindfulness directly and indirectly influenced psychological distress via sleep hygiene (B = -0.03, SE = 0.01, 95% CI [-0.05, -0.01]) such that increased mindfulness was associated with improved sleep hygiene and reduced distress. Conclusions: The results show the impact of mindfulness on sleep hygiene and psychological distress. Training SAs in mindfulness might improve sleep behaviors and in turn well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Moreton
- Department of Education and Counseling, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward Wahesh
- Department of Education and Counseling, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher D Schmidt
- Department of Education and Counseling, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Noh JW, Kim JH, Heo MH, Lee SH. Association between sleep duration and mental health among disabled population over the three-year follow-ups. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
|
22
|
The Effects of Anthropomorphism, Message Framing, and Voice Type on Unhealthy Sleep Behavior in Young Users: The Mediating Role of Risk Perception. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159570. [PMID: 35954929 PMCID: PMC9368226 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep is a severe social public health problem that can adversely affect the physical and mental health of young people. This study examined risk perceptions for unhealthy sleep behaviors and intentions for healthy sleep behaviors under different combinations of anthropomorphism, message framing, and voice type in cartoons. We used a three-factor between-subject experiment of two (anthropomorphism: anthropomorphic vs. non-anthropomorphic) × two (message framing: positive frame vs. negative frame) × two (voice type: cartoon child voice vs. adult female voice) design. We examined the effects of different audiovisual combinations of cartoon attitude, risk perception, and behavioral intention and the mediating role of risk perception. The research results show that (1) the integration of anthropomorphic design elements can positively impact users’ attitudes toward cartoons; (2) when the interface information is presented in a negative frame, anthropomorphism can more positively influence users’ attitudes toward cartoons than non-anthropomorphism; and (3) anthropomorphism, message framing, and voice type in cartoons significantly interact with risk perception. In addition, risk perception mediates the influence of anthropomorphism, message framing, and voice type on behavioral intention.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu LC, Hattangadi N, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Maguire JL, Birken CS, Stremler R, Constantin E, Charach A. Sleep Duration and Internalizing Symptoms in Children. JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY = JOURNAL DE L'ACADEMIE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE DE L'ENFANT ET DE L'ADOLESCENT 2022; 31:115-123. [PMID: 35919906 PMCID: PMC9275369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional problems such as anxiety and low mood have been associated with sleep problems in children. The study's objectives were to 1) assess the association between sleep duration and internalizing symptoms (anxiety and low mood) in children aged 5-12 years (y), and 2) evaluate whether insufficient sleep according to the National Sleep Foundation (NSF) guidelines is associated with internalizing symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional study of N =796 children aged 5-12y, recruited from primary care physicians' offices in Toronto, Canada was conducted through the TARGet Kids! research network. Using linear regression, we investigated 1) the cross-sectional association between parent reported 24-hour sleep duration (hours) and parent reported symptoms using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), controlling for child age, sex, family income, maternal education, family composition, and standardized body-mass index (zBMI). The analysis was repeated using insufficient sleep per NSF guideline as the independent variable. RESULTS Sleep duration was inversely associated with internalizing symptoms, B estimate = -0.33 (95%CI -0.57, -0.07), p=0.012. Twenty-eight (14%) children aged 5 y, and 36 (6%) of those aged 6-12y, experienced insufficient sleep. There was a trend toward association between insufficient sleep and internalizing symptoms, B estimate = 0.64 (-0.09, 1.38), p=0.086. CONCLUSION The relationship between insufficient sleep and internalizing symptoms among children requires further elucidation. Children who show internalizing symptoms may benefit from interventions supporting sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Nayantara Hattangadi
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Charles D G Keown-Stoneman
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Robyn Stremler
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Evelyn Constantin
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health care, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Alice Charach
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Parsons CE, Young KS. Beneficial effects of sleep extension on daily emotion in short-sleeping young adults: An experience sampling study. Sleep Health 2022; 8:505-513. [PMID: 35872150 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Short sleep duration has been linked to disrupted emotional experiences and poor emotion regulation. Extending sleep opportunity might therefore offer a means to improve emotion functioning. This study used experience sampling to examine the effect of sleep extension on daily emotion experiences and emotion regulation. PARTICIPANTS Participants were young adults (n = 72), aged 18-24 years who reported consistently sleeping less than 7 hours in a 24-hour period in the past 2 weeks. DESIGN AND SETTING For 14 consecutive days, participants completed experience sampling questions related to sleep, emotion, and emotion regulation via a smartphone application. Procedures were identical for all participants for the first 7 days ("baseline" assessments). INTERVENTION From days 8-14, participants were randomly assigned to either a "sleep extension" condition, in which they were instructed to increase their sleep opportunity by 90 minutes or a "sleep as usual" condition. MEASUREMENTS Duration and quality of the previous night's sleep were reported each morning and daytime experiences of positive and negative emotion and emotion regulation were measured at pseudorandom timepoints 6 times a day. RESULTS Multilevel modeling demonstrated that participants in the sleep extension condition reported significantly longer sleep times and improved sleep quality, as well as higher positive and lower negative daily emotion, compared to those in the sleep as usual condition. CONCLUSION A brief experimental paradigm to extend sleep length has the potential to improve sleep quality and to a minor extent mood, among young adults with short sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Parsons
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Interacting Minds Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Katherine S Young
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Griggs S, Grey M, Ash GI, Li CSR, Crawford SL, Hickman RL. Objective Sleep-Wake Characteristics Are Associated With Diabetes Symptoms in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care 2022; 48:149-156. [PMID: 35446182 DOI: 10.1177/26350106221094521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to examine the associations between sleep-wake characteristics (total sleep time, sleep variability, sleep onset latency, and sleep efficiency), distress symptoms (general and diabetes), and diabetes physical symptoms in young adults ages 18 to 30 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The secondary purpose was to determine whether biological sex, body mass index (BMI), and T1D duration (covariates) influence the relationships among the study variables. METHODS Forty-six young adults with T1D, recruited from diabetes clinics from December 2018 to February 2020, wore a wrist actigraph and continuous glucose monitor concurrently for 6 to 14 days and completed the PROMIS Emotional Distress Scale, Diabetes Distress Scale, and Diabetes Symptom Checklist-Revised. RESULTS Shorter total sleep time and poorer sleep efficiency were associated with higher diabetes emotional distress symptoms. Higher sleep variability was associated with higher neurological pain symptoms. A longer sleep onset latency was associated with higher symptoms of diabetes distress, including psychological, cognitive, hyperglycemia, and a higher total symptom burden. Associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for biological sex and BMI, with the exception of sleep onset latency and total symptom burden. CONCLUSIONS Poorer objective sleep-wake characteristics were associated with higher diabetes symptoms even after considering biological sex and BMI among young adults with T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Griggs
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Margaret Grey
- School of Nursing and School of Medicine, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Garrett I Ash
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Sybil L Crawford
- Graduate School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachsetts
| | - Ronald L Hickman
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jurić P, Karuc J, Martinko A, Mišigoj-Duraković M, Sorić M. Does time of the day matter? Temporal associations between physical activity and quality and quantity of subsequent sleep in adolescents. Sleep Med 2022; 92:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
27
|
Kodsi A, Bullock B, Kennedy GA, Tirlea L. Psychological Interventions to Improve Sleep in Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Behav Sleep Med 2022; 20:125-142. [PMID: 33554644 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2021.1876062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of impaired sleep on the wellbeing of young adults are profound, and the adverse outcomes for mental health are well documented in the research literature. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify, summarize, and synthesize the available evidence from randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) investigating psychological interventions aimed at improving sleep and related secondary outcomes such as anxiety and depression in healthy young adults. METHOD Nine electronic databases (Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL], PubMed, Scopus, PsycNET, CINHAL, INFORMIT, Web of Science [Science and Social Citation Index], OpenSigle and EMBASE) were searched, returning 54 full-text papers for assessment, with 13 studies meeting inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. RESULTS A random effects meta-analysis showed that the combined effect of all interventions was moderate (ES = -0.53, 95% CIs [- 0.69, -0.36], p < .01), reflecting the efficacy of psychological interventions at improving sleep scores at post-intervention. Subgroup analyses of individual interventions showed that cognitive-behavioral interventions improved sleep (ES = -0.67, 95% CIs [-0.77, -0.57], p < .01) and secondary outcomes for anxiety (ES = -0.35, 95% CIs [-0.56, -0.15], p < .01) and depression (ES = -0.41, 95% CIs [-0.70, -0.13], p < .01) at post-intervention. CONCLUSION The results of the current review support the implementation of cognitive and behavioral interventions for sleep among young adults experiencing both sleep and comorbid mental health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kodsi
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ben Bullock
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerard A Kennedy
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Loredana Tirlea
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Malone TL, Zhao Z, Liu TY, Song PXK, Sen S, Scott LJ. Prediction of suicidal ideation risk in a prospective cohort study of medical interns. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260620. [PMID: 34855821 PMCID: PMC8639060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify individual and residency program factors associated with increased suicide risk, as measured by suicidal ideation. We utilized a prospective, longitudinal cohort study design to assess the prevalence and predictors of suicidal ideation in 6,691 (2012-2014 cohorts, training data set) and 4,904 (2015 cohort, test data set) first-year training physicians (interns) at hospital systems across the United States. We assessed suicidal ideation two months before internship and then quarterly through intern year. The prevalence of reported suicidal ideation in the study population increased from 3.0% at baseline to a mean of 6.9% during internship. 16.4% of interns reported suicidal ideation at least once during their internship. In the training dataset, a series of baseline demographic (male gender) and psychological factors (high neuroticism, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation) were associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation during internship. Further, prior quarter psychiatric symptoms (depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation) and concurrent work-related factors (increase in self-reported work hours and medical errors) were associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation. A model derived from the training dataset had a predicted area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.83 in the test dataset. The suicidal ideation risk predictors analyzed in this study can help programs and interns identify those at risk for suicidal ideation before the onset of training. Further, increases in self-reported work hours and environments associated with increased medical errors are potentially modifiable factors for residency programs to target to reduce suicide risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler L. Malone
- Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhou Zhao
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tzu-Ying Liu
- Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Peter X. K. Song
- Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Srijan Sen
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Scott
- Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cipriani GE, Bartoli M, Amanzio M. Are Sleep Problems Related to Psychological Distress in Healthy Aging during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10676. [PMID: 34682423 PMCID: PMC8536178 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, characterized by home confinement and other restrictive measures to reduce the spread of the infection, led to significant changes in people's habits and lifestyle. One of the most common problems is the worsening of sleep quality or quantity, which could have negative effects on psychological wellbeing, particularly in older adults. The purposes of the present literature review considering healthy aging subjects are (a) to examine the existing research on sleep alterations during the current pandemic and (b) to highlight possible relationships between sleep problems and psychological distress. A systematic search strategy was implemented according to PRISMA guidelines in the international literature online databases, up to 1 July 2021. After identification and screening phases, 11 articles were included in this review. The studies found possible associations between sleep problems and mood changes-particularly in terms of depression and anxiety. In addition, altered sleep patterns seemed to be related to changes in individual aspects, lifestyle, and attitudes adopted by older adults during the COVID-19 lockdown. Thus, the pandemic could affect the sleep and psychological wellbeing of the older population, even in healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Bartoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (G.E.C.); (M.A.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chakrabarti S. Mental Health in Hospitalised COVID 19 Patients in Quarantine During Second Wave in a South Indian Private Teaching Hospital. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:2777-2789. [PMID: 34675527 PMCID: PMC8500490 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s330812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Covid 19 lockdown measures were taken all of a sudden during the devastating second wave in India, when there was a considerable loss and suffering in the country. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic has led to unprecedented hazards to mental well-being globally. PURPOSE To assess the prevalence and evaluate risk factors of depression, insomnia or sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation among covid 19 positive patients admitted in covid wards with mild-to-moderate disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 635 hospitalised patients who were covid-19 positive were requested to fill an online quality of life pre-validated questionnaire comprising of 4 sections - the sociodemographic information section, health care assessment related to depression symptoms, insomnia assessment and assessment of suicidal ideation. The survey comprised of pre-validated questions on sociodemographics, knowledge of covid 19, fear of covid 19, insomnia, feeling of sadness, depression, feeling of rejection and suicidal ideation among the covid 19 positive inpatients in quarantine due to mild or moderate covid 19 disease. RESULTS The prevalence of depression and insomnia or sleep disturbances after being diagnosed as covid 19 positive and hospitalized was nearly 40% and 28.8%, respectively, among the inpatients. Depression was significantly observed in female group (p < 0.001), unmarried or separated individuals (p < 0.001), housewives (p < 0.001) and patients with comorbidities (p < 0.001). Insomnia was more likely to be present in elderly covid positive patients (p < 0.001) and separated or divorced group of participants (p < 0.001). The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 5% of the total covid 19 positive patients participated in this study, and it was significantly observed among separated or divorced patients, cancer patients, patients from suburban residence and among graduates (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Covid 19 is associated with major psychological impact among the patients suffering from thus warrants counselling.
Collapse
|
31
|
Sueño: conceptos generales y su relación con la calidad de vida. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
32
|
Mazar D, Gilleles-Hilel A, Reiter J. Sleep education improves knowledge but not sleep quality among medical students. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:1211-1215. [PMID: 33612160 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Poor sleep quality, often resulting from poor sleep hygiene, is common among medical students. Educational interventions aimed at improving sleep knowledge are beneficial for sleep quality in healthy populations. However, sleep education is often given minimal attention in medical school curriculums. The aim of the study was to explore whether a short educational intervention could improve sleep knowledge, and consequently sleep quality, among medical students. METHODS We recruited preclinical- and clinical-stage medical students during the 2017-2018 academic year. Students completed a demographic survey, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Assessment of Sleep Knowledge in Medical Education (ASKME) questionnaire. Students then attended a lecture on the physiology and importance of sleep. To assess the efficacy of the intervention, questionnaires were repeated 4 months thereafter. RESULTS A total of 87 students (31 preclinical) with a mean age of 25.86 years (standard deviation [SD], 3.33), 51 of whom were women, participated in the study. At baseline, students had poor sleep quality with a PSQI mean score of 5.9 (SD, 2.37), without significant sleepiness, and a mean ESS score of 8.86 (SD, 4.32). The mean ASKME scores were consistent with poor sleep knowledge at 11.87 (SD, 4.32). After the intervention, the mean ASKME results improved to 14.15 (SD, 4.5; P < .001), whereas sleep quality did not. The effect was similar in preclinical and clinical medical students. CONCLUSIONS Sleep knowledge was inadequate among medical students, who also experienced poor sleep quality. A short educational intervention improved sleep knowledge but was insufficient at improving sleep quality. Further studies are needed to determine which interventions may provide benefit in both sleep knowledge and sleep quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mazar
- School of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alex Gilleles-Hilel
- Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joel Reiter
- Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Braçe O, Duncan DT, Correa-Fernández J, Garrido-Cumbrera M. Association of sleep duration with mental health: results from a Spanish general population survey. Sleep Breath 2021; 26:389-396. [PMID: 34003436 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association of sleep duration and mental health among the general population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out with an adult Spanish population sample between 16 and 64 years old. The information was obtained from data provided by a randomly selected representative sample of 505 adults stratified by age, sex, and geographic area. Participants were interviewed face-to-face in their respective households with questions including sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, sleep duration, and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire to screen risk for poor mental health. The duration of sleep hours were grouped into the following categories: < 6 h, 6-7 h, and, > 7 h. Regression analysis was used to assess associations between sleep duration and risk of poor mental health. RESULTS A percentage of respondents 13.1% reported sleeping less than 6 h. The analysis demonstrated a significant (p = 0.001) negative (B = - 0.512) relationship between hours of sleep and risk of poor mental health (GHQ-12), demonstrating that reduced sleep duration increases the risk of poor mental health. CONCLUSIONS Sleep duration lower than 6 h is prevalent among the general population in Spain, especially among women and people who frequently use electronic devices. The results show that people who experience shorter sleep duration face a greater risk of poor mental health. These findings suggest that it is important to raise awareness of healthy sleeping habits, with emphasis on adequate sleep duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olta Braçe
- Health & Territory Research, Centro Internacional de la Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Ciudad Jardín, 20-22, 41005, Seville, Spain.
| | - Dustin T Duncan
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - José Correa-Fernández
- Health & Territory Research, Centro Internacional de la Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Ciudad Jardín, 20-22, 41005, Seville, Spain
| | - Marco Garrido-Cumbrera
- Health & Territory Research, Centro Internacional de la Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Ciudad Jardín, 20-22, 41005, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nagasu M, Muto K, Yamamoto I. Impacts of anxiety and socioeconomic factors on mental health in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population in Japan: A web-based survey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247705. [PMID: 33730044 PMCID: PMC7968643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic worldwide, individuals experience considerable psychological distress daily. The present study aimed to clarify the prevalence of psychological distress and determine the population most affected by risk factors such as the pandemic, socioeconomic status (SES), and lifestyle-related factors causing psychological distress in the early phases of the pandemic in Japan. This study was conducted via a web-based survey using quota sampling to ensure representativeness of the Japanese population aged 20–64 years. A cross-sectional study of 11,342 participants (5,734 males and 5,608 females) was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire that included the Japanese version of the Kessler 6 Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and questions related to the pandemic, SES, and lifestyle. The prevalence of psychological distress, represented by a K6 score of 5 or more, was 50.3% among males and 52.6% among females. Both males and females with annual household incomes less than 2 million yen and males aged in their twenties had significantly higher K6 scores than those with annual household incomes above 2 million yen and males aged over 30 years. Binary logistic regression analyses found pandemic-related factors such as medical history, inability to undergo clinical tests immediately, having trouble in daily life, unavailability of groceries, new work style, and vague anxiety; SES-related factors such as lesser income; and lifestyle-related factors such as insufficient rest, sleep, and nutritious meals to be significantly related to psychological distress. Psychological distress was more prevalent among people with low income and in younger generations than among other groups. There is an urgent need to provide financial, medical, and social support to those affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Nagasu
- Faculty of Economics, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaori Muto
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isamu Yamamoto
- Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Mehrabinejad MM, Hajighaderi A, Najafi A, Rahimi-Golkhandan A, Zahabi A. Shift Work Disorder, Insomnia, and Depression among Offshore Oil Rig Workers. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2021; 16:162-167. [PMID: 34221042 PMCID: PMC8233558 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v16i2.5817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Numerous offshore jobs require 24-hour tasks, such as in industrial workplaces (eg, oil rigs). The purpose of this study was to assess shift work disorder (SWD), insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and depression among Iranian offshore oil rig workers in different shift schedules. Method : This cross-sectional study was conducted on Iranian offshore oil workers at the Persian Gulf. A questionnaire package consisted of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI- II), and SWD filled. The scores were calculated among different groups of shift schedules (fixed-day, fixed-night, swing and standby shift workers). ISI, BDI-II, and ESS scores were also compared between individuals with or without SWD. Results: A total of 188 participants were recruited in the study, and all were male. The mean age was 37.06 ± 9.2 years. Among different shift schedules, the highest and lowest ISI and ESS scores were related to fixed-night shifts workers and fixed-day shift workers, respectively. ISI, ESS, and BDI mean scores in different shift schedules were not significantly different (p values = 0.14, 0.57, and 0.93, respectively). SWD was diagnosed in 57 (30.3%) of studied shift workers. The difference between SWD prevalence was not significant between different shift schedules (P value =0.13). Workers with SWD had higher ISI, ESS, and BDI-II score (P values <0.0001, <0.0001, and <0.0001, respectively) and workers without SWD had higher job satisfaction (p value = 0.04). Conclusion: SWD is considered as a serious health-related issue in Persian Gulf oil rig shift workers. Insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and depression are associated with SWD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad-Mehdi Mehrabinejad
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Hajighaderi
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezu Najafi
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ania Rahimi-Golkhandan
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zahabi
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research and Technology Department, National Iranian Drilling Company (NIDC), Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Huang Z, Kämpfen F. The association between depressive symptoms and self-reported sleep difficulties among college students: Truth or reporting bias? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246370. [PMID: 33606696 PMCID: PMC7894923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong association between self-reported sleep difficulties and depressive symptoms is well documented. However, individuals who suffer from depressive symptoms could potentially interpret the values attached to a subjective scale differently from others, making comparisons of sleep difficulties across individuals with different depressive symptoms problematic. The objective of this study is to determine the existence and magnitude of reporting heterogeneity in subjective assessment of sleep difficulties by those who have depressive symptoms. We implement an online survey using Visual Analogue Scales and anchoring vignettes to study the comparability of subjective assessments of sleep difficulties among college students in Switzerland (N = 1, 813). Using multivariate linear regressions and double-index models, our analysis shows that reporting heterogeneity plays only a marginal role in moderating the association between sleep difficulties and depression, irrespective of the severity of the depressive symptoms of the individuals. This suggests that unadjusted comparisons of self-reported sleep difficulties between college students are meaningful, even among individuals with depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Huang
- Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Fabrice Kämpfen
- Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Trauma, Sleep and Mental Health Problems in Low-Income Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031145. [PMID: 33525425 PMCID: PMC7908203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-income young adults are more likely to have exposure to trauma, which increases risk for mental health problems. Although adequate sleep promotes good health, people with histories of trauma are more likely to have sleep problems. The current study explored whether poor sleep mediated the relationship between trauma exposure and mental health. A sample of 143 low-income 18-24-year-old young adults completed depression, anxiety, and trauma exposure measures and wore sleep monitors for four nights. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine both direct and indirect effects of variables. Results showed that higher trauma exposure was associated with depression and anxiety. Mean sleep hours per night was fewer than six, far below recommended guidelines for optimal health and functioning. Fewer sleep hours partially mediated the relationship between both trauma exposure and depression and anxiety, and the direct effect from trauma remained significant after adjusting for the partial mediation from sleep.
Collapse
|
38
|
Mamun MA, Sakib N, Gozal D, Bhuiyan AKMI, Hossain S, Bodrud-Doza M, Al Mamun F, Hosen I, Safiq MB, Abdullah AH, Sarker MA, Rayhan I, Sikder MT, Muhit M, Lin CY, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The COVID-19 pandemic and serious psychological consequences in Bangladesh: A population-based nationwide study. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:462-472. [PMID: 33120247 PMCID: PMC7568472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As with other countries worldwide, lockdown measures during the COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh were sudden and unexpected, and have the capacity to elicit serious psychological consequences. The present study examined the psychological consequences of COVID-19 in Bangladesh during the lockdown period. METHODS A nationwide online cross-sectional survey study recruited 10,067 individuals covering all 64 districts in Bangladesh via social media (April 1-10, 2020). The survey comprised questions concerning socio-demographics, knowledge of COVID-19, behavior towards COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, insomnia, depression, and suicidal ideation. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were performed to identify the risk factors depression and suicidal ideation. Geographical information system (GIS)-based spatial analysis was used to identify district-wise susceptibility to depression and suicidal ideation. FINDINGS The prevalence rate of depression and suicidal ideation related to COVID-19 was 33% and 5%%. Common risk factors for suicidal ideation and depression included being young, being female, being a cigarette smoker, having comorbid diseases, having high scores on the Fear COVID-19 Scale, and having insomnia symptoms. GIS-based maps detected high depression and suicidal ideation in the capital of Bangladesh and the districts near the capital as well as coastal areas where COVID-19 prevalence was high, as compared with districts with no reported cases. LIMITATIONS Self-reported scales and cross-sectional design of the study. CONCLUSION COVID-19 is associated with major psychological impact across Bangladesh, underlining the need of strategically located psychological support measures and improved access to mental health services, especially among women and younger people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Mamun
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Corresponding authors
| | - Najmuj Sakib
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - AKM Israfil Bhuiyan
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sahadat Hossain
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Firoj Al Mamun
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hosen
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mariam Binte Safiq
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Saphena Women's Dental College and General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Hasnat Abdullah
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abedin Sarker
- Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research - Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Istihak Rayhan
- Department of Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Muhit
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh,CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran,Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden,Corresponding authors
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kolaja CA, Porter B, Powell TM, Rull RP. Multiple imputation validation study: addressing unmeasured survey data in a longitudinal design. BMC Med Res Methodol 2021; 21:5. [PMID: 33407168 PMCID: PMC7789687 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-01158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Questionnaires used in longitudinal studies may have questions added or removed over time for numerous reasons. Data missing completely at a follow-up survey is a unique issue for longitudinal studies. While such excluded questions lack information at one follow-up survey, they are collected at other follow-up surveys, and covariances observed at other follow-up surveys may allow for the recovery of the missing data. This study utilized data from a large longitudinal cohort study to assess the efficiency and feasibility of using multiple imputation (MI) to recover this type of information. Methods Millennium Cohort Study participants completed the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) depression module at 2 time points (2004, 2007). The suicidal ideation item in the module was set to missing for the 2007 assessment. Several single-level MI models using different sets of predictors and forms of suicidal ideation were used to compare self-reported values and imputed values for this item in 2007. Additionally, associations with sleep duration and smoking status, which are related constructs, were compared between self-reported and imputed values of suicidal ideation. Results Among 63,028 participants eligible for imputation analysis, 4.05% reported suicidal ideation on the 2007 survey. The imputation models successfully identified suicidal ideation, with a sensitivity ranging between 34 and 66% and a positive predictive value between 36 and 42%. Specificity remained above 96% and negative predictive value above 97% for all imputed models. Similar associations were found for all imputation models on related constructs, though the dichotomous suicidal ideation imputed from the model using only PHQ depression items yielded estimates that were closest with the self-reported associations for all adjusted analyses. Conclusions Although sensitivity and positive predictive value were relatively low, applying MI techniques allowed for inclusion of an otherwise missing variable. Additionally, correlations with related constructs were estimated near self-reported values. Therefore, the other 8 depression items can be used to estimate suicidal ideation that was completely missing from a survey using MI. However, these imputed values should not be used to estimate population prevalence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12874-020-01158-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Kolaja
- Leidos, Inc, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA. .,Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA.
| | - Ben Porter
- Leidos, Inc, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA.,Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA
| | - Teresa M Powell
- Leidos, Inc, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA.,Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA
| | - Rudolph P Rull
- Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kasović M, Štefan A, Štefan L. The Associations Between Objectively Measured Gait Speed and Subjective Sleep Quality in First-Year University Students, According to Gender. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1663-1668. [PMID: 34594142 PMCID: PMC8478338 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s328218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations between gait speed and sleep quality in first-year university students, according to gender. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 193 first-year university students [mean age±standard deviation (SD): 19.6±1.1 years; mean height: 178.0±10.5 cm; mean weight: 74.0±11.0 kg; 26.9% women). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality questionnaire, with a lower score indicating "better" sleep quality. Gait speed was measured using the Zebris pressure platform. The associations were examined with generalized linear models and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS In the unadjusted model, faster participants had significantly "better" sleep quality (β=-3.15, 95% CI -3.82 to -2.47, p<0.001). When the model was adjusted for sex, age, body-mass index, self-rated health, smoking status, and psychological distress, faster participants remained having "better" sleep quality (β=-2.88, 95% CI -3.53 to -2.22, p<0.001). CONCLUSION This study shows that sleep quality can be predicted by gait speed in the first-year university students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kasović
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10 000, Croatia.,Faculty of Sports Studies, Department of Sport Motorics and Methodology in Kinanthropology, Masaryk University, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Andro Štefan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10 000, Croatia
| | - Lovro Štefan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10 000, Croatia.,Faculty of Sports Studies, Department of Sport Motorics and Methodology in Kinanthropology, Masaryk University, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Recruitment and Examination (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fusco SDFB, Amancio SCP, Pancieri AP, Alves MVMFF, Spiri WC, Braga EM. Anxiety, sleep quality, and binge eating in overweight or obese adults. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2020; 54:e03656. [PMID: 33331507 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-220x2019013903656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship of anxiety to binge eating and sleep quality in overweight or obese adults. METHOD Transversal study, conducted between May 2015 and January 2017, with an intentional sample composed of literate individuals of both sexes, aged 20 to 59 years, who presented body mass index higher or equal to 25 kg/m2. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Binge Eating Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were employed. Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient was adopted for data analysis, according to its distribution. RESULTS The sample comprised 130 individuals. The overall and young adults' samples presented a positive correlation between anxiety and binge eating scores (p=0.0011) and sleep quality score (p=0.0081). Adults who were 45 or older presented an inverse relation between age and anxiety (p=0.0003). CONCLUSION The overall sample and young adults who presented higher anxiety state had higher indexes of binge eating and a worse sleep quality, whereas for middle-aged adults, higher age was related to a lower anxiety score. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos): n° RBR-47kfxh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéfanie Cristina Pires Amancio
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Enfermagem, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Pancieri
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Wilza Carla Spiri
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Enfermagem, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Eliana Mara Braga
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Enfermagem, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Psychological correlates of poor sleep quality among U.S. young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep Med 2020; 78:51-56. [PMID: 33385779 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uncertainty due to the COVID-19 pandemic may result in problematic sleep that can lead to negative effects on overall health. This unprecedented and stressful time can be even more detrimental for young adults with pre-existing mental health conditions. The purpose of this study is to investigate potential risk factors (i.e., current mental health symptoms, and COVID-19-related grief and worry) on sleep quality of U.S. young adults during the initial months of the global pandemic. METHOD This cross-sectional study examined 908 young adults in the weeks following the declaration of the coronavirus pandemic as a national emergency by the United States. A series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses examined depression, anxiety, and PTSD, as well as COVID-19-related grief and worry as predictors of young adults' sleep quality. RESULTS Young adults experienced high rates of sleep problems during the first two months (April to May 2020) of the pandemic. Depressive and anxiety symptoms appear to be predictors of sleep quality regardless of any pre-existing diagnosis. Furthermore, high levels of PTSD symptoms and COVID-19-related worry were associated with young adults' poor sleep. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to possible psychological factors that uniquely explain young adults' poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. This study shed new light on how the COVID-19 pandemic might affect the sleep behaviors of young adults without a pre-existing mental health diagnosis. Implications for supporting young adults sleep and well-being during the pandemic are addressed.
Collapse
|
43
|
Hannerz H, Albertsen K, Nielsen ML, Garde AH. Long working hours and psychiatric treatment: A Danish follow-up study. Scand J Work Environ Health 2020; 47:191-199. [PMID: 33200794 PMCID: PMC8126440 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to estimate prospective associations between long working hours and (i) redeemed prescriptions for psychotropic drugs and (ii) psychiatric hospital treatment due to mood, anxiety or stress-related disease, among full-time employees in Denmark. Methods: Full-time employees who participated in the Danish Labor Force Survey sometime in the period 2000–2013 (N=131 321] were followed for up to five years in national registers for redeemed prescriptions for psychotropic drugs and psychiatric hospital treatment due to mood, anxiety or stress-related disease. Rate ratios (RR) were estimated for 41–48 versus 32–40 and >48 versus 32–40 working hours a week. The analyses were controlled for sex, age, night shift work, calendar time of the interview and socioeconomic status (SES). Prevalent cases were excluded in primary analyses. Results: The RR for psychotropic drugs were estimated at 0.94 [99% confidence interval (CI) 0.88–1.01] for 41–48 versus 32–40 working hours a week and 1.08 (99% CI 0.99–1.18) for >48 versus 32–40 working hours a week. The corresponding RR for psychiatric hospital treatments were estimated at 0.90 (95% CI 0.75–1.08) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.76–1.21). We did not find any statistically significant interaction between weekly working hours and age, sex, SES or night shift work. Conclusion: Long working hours as they occur in in the general working population of Denmark are not an important predictor of mental ill health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hannerz
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Relationships between Extra-School Tutoring Time, Somatic Symptoms, and Sleep Duration of Adolescent Students: A Panel Analysis Using Data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218037. [PMID: 33142769 PMCID: PMC7663676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As private tutoring has expanded worldwide, it has been noted that private tutoring and associated emotional distress can affect sleep duration and the health of adolescent students. However, the relationships between extra-school tutoring time, somatic symptoms, defined as physical symptoms of emotional distress, and sleep duration in adolescents has rarely been determined. The aim of this study was to identify these relationships in adolescent students. Data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey were analyzed to address the research questions. Weekday sleep duration, extra-school tutoring time, and somatic symptoms were measured using adolescents’ self-report questionnaires. A multilevel, structural equation model was utilized to test the relationships between these variables and was deemed appropriate considering the repeated measure of the panel data. After controlling for respondent sex, parent working status and education level, and family structure, adolescents’ extra-school tutoring time and level of somatic symptoms were associated with sleep duration during weekdays. Furthermore, the association between extra-school tutoring time and sleep duration was partially mediated by somatic symptoms. Korean adolescent students slept less than the recommended duration. Intervention programs that increase parental interest and attention in adolescent students’ lives, not only focused on academic achievement but also emotional distress is needed. Researchers and policymakers should understand recommended age-appropriate sleep duration and the educational culture and provide balanced strategies between the consideration of the effect of private education on academic achievement and the need to guarantee physical and mental health in adolescent students.
Collapse
|
45
|
Nagasu M, Yamamoto I. Impact of socioeconomic- and lifestyle-related risk factors on poor mental health conditions: A nationwide longitudinal 5-wave panel study in Japan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240240. [PMID: 33035239 PMCID: PMC7546460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of socioeconomic status and lifestyle behaviours on mental health appears well-established in the literature, as several studies report that better socioeconomic status such as higher levels of disposable income and employment as well as practising healthy lifestyles can enhance mental well-being. However, the reliance on cross-sectional correlations and lack of adequate statistical controls are possible limitations. This study aims to add the evidence of longitudinal association to the literature by using Japanese representative longitudinal household panel data. We employed panel data analytical techniques such as the random-effects conditional logistic regression (RE-CLR) and the fixed-effects conditional logistic regression (FE-CLR) models with possible time variant confounders being controlled. Our sample was comprised of 14,717 observations of 3,501 individuals aged 22–59 years for five waves of the Japanese Household Panel Survey. We confirmed many of the factors associated with mental health reported in existing studies by analysing cross-sectional data. These significant associations are also longitudinal (within) associations estimated by the FE-CLR models. Such factors include unemployment, low household income, short nightly sleeping duration, and lack of exercise. However, we also found that several factors such as disposable income, living alone, and drinking habits are not significantly associated with mental health in the FE-CRL models. The results imply the reverse causality that poor mental health conditions cause lower disposal income, possibly due to the inability to exhibit higher productivity, but an increase in disposal income would not necessarily improve mental health conditions. In this case, aggressive policy interventions to increase the disposal income of people of lower socioeconomic backgrounds would not necessarily be effective to minimize health inequalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Nagasu
- Faculty of Economics, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Isamu Yamamoto
- Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Griggs S, Conley S, Batten J, Grey M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral sleep interventions for adolescents and emerging adults. Sleep Med Rev 2020; 54:101356. [PMID: 32731152 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, more than two-thirds of adolescents and one-third of emerging adults report habitual short sleep duration, which is a known risk factor for psychological distress. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of behavioral sleep-promoting interventions on the sleep characteristics (e.g., total sleep time and sleep efficiency) of adolescents and emerging adults (aged 12-25 y) who do not have a sleep disorder. The secondary aim was to determine the effect of behavioral sleep-promoting interventions on psychological distress. Multiple electronic databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English. Fourteen RCTs were included in the qualitative synthesis (N = 932), seven were included in the meta-analysis (n = 711) to address the primary aim, and three (n = 253) were included to address the secondary aim. The pooled standardized mean difference for sleep-promoting interventions after treatment for total sleep time was 34.92 min (95% CI: 8.70, 61.14). Sleep-promoting interventions had no significant effect on sleep efficiency. More RCTs that involve adolescents and emerging adults are needed to determine the effect of sleep-promoting interventions on reducing psychological distress in this high-risk age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Griggs
- Case Western Reserve University, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | | | - Janene Batten
- Yale School of Nursing, West Haven, Connecticut 06477, USA.
| | - Margaret Grey
- Yale School of Nursing, West Haven, Connecticut 06477, USA; Yale University, School of Nursing and School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06477, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hannerz H, Albertsen K, Nielsen ML, Garde AH. Prospective Associations Between Working Time Arrangements and Psychiatric Treatment in Denmark: Protocol for a Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e18236. [PMID: 32442158 PMCID: PMC7351261 DOI: 10.2196/18236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of mental ill health in working-age populations has prompted research on possible links between work-related factors and mental ill health. Long working hours and night shift work are some of the factors that have been studied in relation to the risk of developing mental ill health. Yet, previous studies have not generated conclusive evidence, and further studies of high quality are needed. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the prospective association between working time arrangements and mental health in terms of psychotropic drug usage or psychiatric hospital treatment in the general working population of Denmark. METHODS Data on total weekly working hours in any job and night shift work from the Danish Labor Force Survey 2000-2013 will be linked to data from the Psychiatric Central Research Register (expected 2400 cases during 700,000 person years at risk) and National Prescription Registry (expected 17,400 cases during 600,000 person years at risk). Participants will be followed for up to 5 years. We will use Poisson regression to separately analyze incidence rates of redeemed prescriptions for psychotropic medicine and incidence rates of psychiatric hospital treatment due to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or stress-related disorders as a function of weekly working hours and night shift work. The analyses will be controlled for sex, age, calendar time of the interview, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS This is a study protocol. Power calculations indicate that the study has sufficient statistical power to detect relatively small differences in risks and minor interactions (eg, ~90% power to detect a rate ratio of 1.1 for psychoactive medication use). We expect the analyses to be completed by the end of 2020 and the results to be published in 2021. CONCLUSIONS In this study protocol, all hypotheses and statistical models of the project have been completely defined before we link the exposure data to the outcome data. The results of the project will indicate to what extent and in what direction the national burden of mental ill health in Denmark has been influenced by long working hours and night shift work. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18236.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hannerz
- The National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anne Helene Garde
- The National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Casement MD, Livingston NR, Allen NB, Forbes EE. Feasibility, acceptability and affective consequences of at-home sleep extension in young women with depressive symptoms: A pilot study. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13045. [PMID: 32468730 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep is common in young adults and has meaningful consequences for daytime functioning, including increased sleepiness, affective disruption and depressive symptoms. This study provides a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility, acceptability and affective consequences of extended sleep opportunity in young women with insufficient sleep and depressive symptoms. Participants were 32 women, 18-22 years of age, who regularly obtained less than 8-hr sleep/night and had daytime sleepiness and depressive symptoms at or above population averages. Participants were asked to maintain a sleep schedule of their typical duration for 7 days and were then randomly assigned to either extend sleep opportunity (ESO) by 90 min per night or maintain typical sleep opportunity (TSO), for the next 7 days. Sleep characteristics and daytime sleepiness were measured using continuous actigraphy and daily sleep diary, and affect, stress and depressive symptoms were assessed with daily and weekly questionnaires. Extended sleep opportunity increased sleep duration by over 1 hr, improved morning sleepiness and positive affect, and diminished anhedonia and depressive symptoms in study completers (n = 11 ESO, 11 TSO). However, 31.3% of participants (n = 10) were withdrawn from the study due to difficulty maintaining the sleep schedule. These results provide initial evidence that sleep extension is beneficial for young women who usually have inadequate sleep and mood disruption and can maintain a consistent sleep schedule. If extending sleep opportunity improves sleep, daytime sleepiness and affect in young adults who typically have insufficient sleep, it could broaden the range of interventions for sleep and mental wellness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erika E Forbes
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Winiger EA, Huggett SB, Hatoum AS, Friedman NP, Drake CL, Wright KP, Hewitt JK. Onset of regular cannabis use and young adult insomnia: an analysis of shared genetic liability. Sleep 2020; 43:zsz293. [PMID: 31855253 PMCID: PMC7368342 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Estimate the genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between onset of regular cannabis use and young adult insomnia. METHODS In a population-based twin cohort of 1882 twins (56% female, mean age = 22.99, SD = 2.97) we explored the genetic/environmental etiology of the relationship between onset of regular cannabis use and insomnia-related outcomes via multivariate twin models. RESULTS Controlling for sex, current depression symptoms, and prior diagnosis of an anxiety or depression disorder, adult twins who reported early onset for regular cannabis use (age 17 or younger) were more likely to have insomnia (β = 0.07, p = 0.024) and insomnia with short sleep on weekdays (β = 0.08, p = 0.003) as young adults. We found significant genetic contributions for the onset of regular cannabis use (a2 = 76%, p < 0.001), insomnia (a2 = 44%, p < 0.001), and insomnia with short sleep on weekdays (a2 = 37%, p < 0.001). We found significant genetic correlations between onset of regular use and both insomnia (rA = 0.20, p = 0.047) and insomnia with short sleep on weekdays (rA = 0.25, p = 0.008) but no significant environmental associations between these traits. CONCLUSIONS We found common genetic liabilities for early onset of regular cannabis use and insomnia, implying pleiotropic influences of genes on both traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Winiger
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Spencer B Huggett
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Naomi P Friedman
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | | | - Kenneth P Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - John K Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shimura A, Sugiura K, Inoue M, Misaki S, Tanimoto Y, Oshima A, Tanaka T, Yokoi K, Inoue T. Which sleep hygiene factors are important? comprehensive assessment of lifestyle habits and job environment on sleep among office workers. Sleep Health 2020; 6:288-298. [PMID: 32360019 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several lifestyle habits are associated with sleep, it is unclear which factors are important. Among office workers, the effect of job environment should also be considered. The multivariate analyses on the effects of lifestyle habits and job environment on sleep among office workers was conducted. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 6,342 employees from 29 companies was conducted in 2017-2019. Complete responses and informed consent were provided by 5,640 participants. The survey examined demographic variables, sleep schedules, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ), and lifestyle habits. RESULTS Mean values were as follows: age, 36.9 years (±10.2); PSQI, 6.52 (±2.83); and total sleep time, 6h06m (±1h40m) on work days and 7h39m (±1h58m) on free days. After adjusting for job environment and demographic variables, irregular meal time (1.45-2.86), not eating vegetables every day (1.35), nightcap (2.74-3.55), weight gain (1.20-1.42), lack of sunlight in the morning in the bedroom (1.48-1.60), waking up before dawn (2.18), electronic display use in bed (1.50), and daily caffeine intake (1.27) were significantly associated with sleep disturbance. Irregular meal time (1.51-2.37), lack of morning breakfast (1.74-2.95), having dinner within 2 hours before bed time (0.49-0.64), not eating vegetables every day (1.52), lack of sunlight exposure in the morning (1.43-2.01), and caffeine use every day (1.42) were also associated with eveningness (p<.01). CONCLUSION Each sleep hygiene factor had a different effect size. Sleep hygiene interventions to promote worker sleep health should prioritize factors in accordance with effect size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Sleep and Psychiatry, Kanno Hospital, Saitama, Japan; Sakurajuji Medical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; Department of R&D, Children and Future Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ko Sugiura
- Department of R&D, Children and Future Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Department of Economics, University of Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Manami Inoue
- Department of R&D, Children and Future Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Medical Course, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu-shi, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of R&D, Children and Future Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yokoi
- Department of R&D, Children and Future Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|