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Li L, Su Y, Xiang W, Huang G, Liang Q, Dun B, Zhang H, Xiao Z, Qiu L, Zhang J, Wu D. Transcriptomic network underlying physiological alterations in the stem of Myricaria laxiflora in response to waterlogging stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 284:116991. [PMID: 39236657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Myricaria laxiflora is an endangered shrub plant with remarkable tolerance to waterlogging stress, however, little attention has been paid to understanding the underlying mechanisms. Here, physiological and transcriptomic approaches were applied to uncover the physiological and molecular reconfigurations in the stem of M. laxiflora in response to waterlogging stress. The accumulation of the contents of H2O2 and malonaldehyde (MDA) alongside increased activities of enzymes for scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the stem of M. laxiflora were observed under waterlogging stress. The principal component analysis (PCA) of transcriptomes from five different timepoints uncovered PC1 counted for 17.3 % of total variations and separated the treated and non-treated samples. A total of 8714 genes in the stem of M. laxiflora were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under waterlogging stress, which could be assigned into two different subgroups with distinct gene expression patterns and biological functions. The DEGs involved in glycolysis were generally upregulated, whereas opposite results were observed for nitrogen uptake and the assimilation pathway. The contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were sharply decreased alongside the decreased mRNA levels of the genes involved in corresponding synthesis pathways upon waterlogging stress. A network centered by eight key transcription factors has been constructed, which uncovered the inhibited cell division processes in the stem of M. laxiflora upon waterlogging stress. Taken together, the obtained results showed that glycolysis, nitrogen metabolism and meristem activities played an important role in the stem of M. laxiflora in response to waterlogging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbao Li
- Yangtze River Biodiversity Research Centre, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 443133, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Rare Resource Plants in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Yichang 443100, China; National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 100083, China
| | - Yang Su
- Yangtze River Biodiversity Research Centre, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 443133, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Rare Resource Plants in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Yichang 443100, China; National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 100083, China
| | - Weibo Xiang
- Yangtze River Biodiversity Research Centre, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 443133, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Rare Resource Plants in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Yichang 443100, China; National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 100083, China
| | - Guiyun Huang
- Yangtze River Biodiversity Research Centre, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 443133, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Rare Resource Plants in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Yichang 443100, China; National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 100083, China
| | - Qianyan Liang
- Yangtze River Biodiversity Research Centre, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 443133, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Rare Resource Plants in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Yichang 443100, China; National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 100083, China
| | - Bicheng Dun
- Yangtze River Biodiversity Research Centre, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 443133, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Rare Resource Plants in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Yichang 443100, China; National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 100083, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Yangtze River Biodiversity Research Centre, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 443133, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Rare Resource Plants in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Yichang 443100, China; National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 100083, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiao
- Yangtze River Biodiversity Research Centre, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 443133, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Rare Resource Plants in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Yichang 443100, China; National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 100083, China
| | - Liwen Qiu
- Yangtze River Biodiversity Research Centre, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 443133, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Rare Resource Plants in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Yichang 443100, China; National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 100083, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Yangtze River Biodiversity Research Centre, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 443133, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Rare Resource Plants in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Yichang 443100, China; National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 100083, China
| | - Di Wu
- Yangtze River Biodiversity Research Centre, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 443133, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Rare Resource Plants in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Yichang 443100, China; National Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt, China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan 100083, China.
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Yan T, Shu X, Ning C, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang T, Zhuang W. Functions and Regulatory Mechanisms of bHLH Transcription Factors during the Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Woody Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2315. [PMID: 39204751 PMCID: PMC11360703 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Environmental stresses, including abiotic and biotic stresses, have complex and diverse effects on the growth and development of woody plants, which have become a matter of contention due to concerns about the outcomes of climate change on plant resources, genetic diversity, and world food safety. Plant basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) are involved in a variety of physiological processes and play an important role in biotic and abiotic stress responses of woody plants. In recent years, an increasing body of studies have been conducted on the bHLH TFs in woody plants, and the roles of bHLH TFs in response to various stresses are increasingly clear and precise. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a systematic and comprehensive review of the progress of the research of woody plants. In this review, the structural characteristics, research history and roles in the plant growth process of bHLH TFs are summarized, the gene families of bHLH TFs in woody plants are summarized, and the roles of bHLH TFs in biotic and abiotic stresses in woody plants are highlighted. Numerous studies mentioned in this review have shown that bHLH transcription factors play a crucial role in the response of woody plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review serves as a reference for further studies about enhancing the stress resistance and breeding of woody plants. Also, the future possible research directions of bHLH TFs in response to various stresses in woody plants will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyue Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.Y.)
| | - Xiaochun Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.Y.)
| | - Chuanli Ning
- Yantai Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.Y.)
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.Y.)
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.Y.)
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (T.Y.)
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Hou Y, Zeng W, Ao C, Huang J. Integrative analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome reveals Bacillus atrophaeus WZYH01-mediated salt stress mechanism in maize (Zea mays L.). J Biotechnol 2024; 383:39-54. [PMID: 38346451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Maize is an important food crop that is affected by salt stress during growth, which can hinder plant growth and result in a significant decrease in yield. The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can improve this situation to a certain extent. However, the gene network of rhizosphere-promoting bacteria regulating the response of maize to salt stress remains elusive. Here, we used metabolomics and transcriptomics techniques to elucidate potential gene networks and salt-response pathways in maize. Phenotypic analysis showed that the Bacillus atrophaeus treatment improved the plant height, leaf area, biomass, ion, nutrient and stomatal indicators of maize. Metabolomic analysis identified that differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were primarily concentrated in the arginine, proline and phytohormone signaling metabolic pathways. 4-Hydroxyphenylacetylglutamic acid, L-histidinol, oxoglutaric acid, L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, and L-tyrosine were significantly increased in the Bacillus atrophaeus treatment. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) identified several hub genes associated with salt response: Zm00001eb155540 and Zm00001eb088790 (ABC transporter family), Zm00001eb419060 (extra-large GTP-binding protein family), Zm00001eb317200 (calcium-transporting ATPase), Zm00001eb384800 (aquaporin NIP1-4) and Zm00001eb339170 (cytochrome P450). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that genes related to plant hormone signal transduction and the MAPK signaling pathway were involved in the response to the effect of Bacillus atrophaeus under salt stress. In the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, 3 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding EIN3/EILs protein, 3 DEGs encoding GH3, 1 DEG encoding PYR/PYL and 6 DEGs encoding PP2C were all upregulated in Bacillus atrophaeus treatment. In the MAPK signaling pathway, 2 DEGs encoding CAT1 and 2 DEGs encoding WRKY22/WRKY29 were significantly upregulated, and the expression of DEGs encoding RbohD was downregulated by the application of Bacillus atrophaeus. In conclusion, the application of Bacillus atrophaeus under salt stress regulated key physiological and molecular processes in plants, which could stimulate the expression of genes related to ion transport and nutrients in maize, alleviate salt stress and promote maize growth to some extent, deepening our understanding of the application of Bacillus atrophaeus under salt stress to improve the salt-response gene network of maize growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenzhi Zeng
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chang Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Jiesheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Zhang Y, Liu R, Liu Z, Hu Y, Xia Z, Hu B, Rennenberg H. Consequences of excess urea application on photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen metabolism of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140619. [PMID: 37944768 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Urea is the most frequently used nitrogen (N) fertilizer worldwide. However, the mechanisms in plants to cope with excess urea are largely unknown, especially for woody legumes that can meet their N demand by their own N2-fixation capacity. Here, we studied the immediate consequences of different amounts of urea application and exposure duration on photosynthesis, N metabolism, and the activity of antioxidative enzymes of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings. For this purpose, seedlings were grown for 3 months under normal N availability with rhizobia inoculation and, subsequently, 50 mg N kg-1 was applied to the soil twice with urea as additional N source. Our results show that excess urea application significantly promoted photosynthesis, which increased by 80.3% and 84.7% compared with CK after the 1st and 2nd urea applications, respectively. The increase in photosynthesis translated into an increase in root and nodule biomass of 88.7% and 82.0%, respectively, while leaf biomass decreased by 4.8% after the first application of urea. The N content in leaves was 92.6% higher than in roots, but excess urea application increased the N content of protein and free amino acids in roots by 25.0%, and 43.3%, respectively. Apparently, enhanced root growth and N storage in the roots constitute mechanisms to prevent the negative consequences of excess N in the shoot upon urea application. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity of leaves and roots increased by 74.4% and 26.3%, respectively. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity in leaves and roots was enhanced by 337% and 34.0%, respectively, but then decreased rapidly to the initial level before fertilization. This result shows that not only N metabolism, but also antioxidative capacity was transiently promoted by excess urea application. Apparently, excess urea application initially poses oxidative stress to the plants that is immediately counteracted by enhanced scavenging of reactive oxygen species via enhanced GR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhenshan Liu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yanping Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhuyuan Xia
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
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Adavi B S, Pandesha PH, B J, Jha SK, Chinnusamy V, Sathee L. Nitrate supply regulates tissue calcium abundance and transcript level of Calcineurin B-like (CBL) gene family in wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 199:107724. [PMID: 37172401 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is the most ubiquitous signalling molecule and is sensed by different classes of Ca2+ sensor proteins. Recent evidences underscore the role of calcium signalling in plant response to nitrogen/nitrate supply. Recently we found that under nitrate deficiency, a short-term supply of calcium could improve the plant biomass, nitrate assimilation, anthocyanin accumulation and expression of nitrate uptake and signalling genes. Long-term calcium supply, on the other hand, was not beneficial. Calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins are one of the vital plant Ca2+ sensory protein family which is essential for stress perception and signaling. To understand the dynamics of CBL-mediated stress signalling in bread wheat, we identified CBL genes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and its progenitors, namely Triticum dicoccoides, Triticum urartu and Aegilops tauschii with the aid of newly available whole-genome sequence. The expression of different CBLs and the changes in root Ca2+ localization in response to nitrate provision or deficiency were analysed. Expression of the CBLs were studied in two bread wheat genotypes with comparatively higher (B.T. Schomburgk, BTS) and lower (Gluyas early, GE) nitrate responsiveness and nitrogen use efficiency. High N promoted the expression of CBLs in seedling leaves while in roots the expression was promoted by N deficiency. At the 5 days after anthesis stage, nitrate starvation downregulated the expression of CBLs while nitrate supply enhanced the expression. At anthesis stage, expression of CBL6 was significantly promoted by HN in panicles of both the genotypes, the highest expression was recorded in BTS. Expression of CBL6 was significantly upregulated by short term nitrate treatment also suggesting its role in Primary nitrate response (PNR) in wheat. There was a significant down regulation of CBL6 expression post nitrate starvation, making it a probable regulator of nitrogen starvation response (NSR) as well. In seedling roots, the tissue localization of Ca2+ was increased both by high and low nitrate treatments, albeit at different magnitudes. Our results suggest that calcium signalling might be a major signalling pathway governing nitrogen responsiveness and CBL6 might be playing pivotal role in NSR and PNR in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Adavi B
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratheek H Pandesha
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagadhesan B
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra K Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Iqbal A, Jing N, Qiang D, Kayoumu M, Wang X, Gui H, Zhang H, Xiling Z, Meizhen S. Genotypic variation in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the cotton subtending leaves and seed cotton yield under various nitrogen levels. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2602-2617. [PMID: 36571565 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) is the key nutrient required for high cotton production; however, its excessive use can increase the cost of production and environmental problems. Reducing the application of N while sustaining the yield is an important issue to be solved. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the genotypic variations in subtending leaf physiology and its contribution to seed cotton yield of contrasting N-efficient cotton genotypes under various N levels in pot and field conditions. RESULTS The results showed that the application of N increased the enzymatic activities related to carbon (C) and N metabolisms. Under the same N level, the C/N metabolisms of the N-efficient genotypes were significantly higher than N-inefficient genotypes, indicating a strong N assimilation and photoassimilation ability in N-efficient genotypes, especially under low N level. Moreover, the antioxidant enzymatic activities were significantly higher, whereas malondialdehyde content was lower in N-efficient cotton genotypes than in N-inefficient ones. Therefore, N-efficient cotton genotypes showed strong resistance, higher C/N metabolisms, and provided sufficient dry matter for boll development. As a result, the yield, N use efficiency, and value cost ratio of the N-efficient cotton genotypes were higher than in the N-inefficient genotypes. CONCLUSION It was confirmed that the higher C/N metabolisms in the cotton subtending leaves of N-efficient cotton genotypes could support higher seed cotton yield under relatively low N application. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Niu Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Anyang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Dong Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mirezhatijiang Kayoumu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Huiping Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hengheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhang Xiling
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Song Meizhen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
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Liu C, Duan N, Chen X, Li X, Zhao N, Cao W, Li H, Liu B, Tan F, Zhao X, Li Q. Transcriptome Profiling and Chlorophyll Metabolic Pathway Analysis Reveal the Response of Nitraria tangutorum to Increased Nitrogen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:895. [PMID: 36840241 PMCID: PMC9962214 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To identify genes that respond to increased nitrogen and assess the involvement of the chlorophyll metabolic pathway and associated regulatory mechanisms in these responses, Nitraria tangutorum seedlings were subjected to four nitrogen concentrations (N0, N6, N36, and N60: 0, 6, 36, and 60 mmol·L-1 nitrogen, respectively). The N. tangutorum seedling leaf transcriptome was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 4000), and 332,420 transcripts and 276,423 unigenes were identified. The numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were 4052 in N0 vs. N6, 6181 in N0 vs. N36, and 3937 in N0 vs. N60. Comparing N0 and N6, N0 and N36, and N0 and N60, we found 1101, 2222, and 1234 annotated DEGs in 113, 121, and 114 metabolic pathways, respectively, classified in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Metabolic pathways with considerable accumulation were involved mainly in anthocyanin biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism. N36 increased δ-amino levulinic acid synthesis and upregulated expression of the magnesium chelatase H subunit, which promoted chlorophyll a synthesis. Hence, N36 stimulated chlorophyll synthesis rather than heme synthesis. These findings enrich our understanding of the N. tangutorum transcriptome and help us to research desert xerophytes' responses to increased nitrogen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Liu
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Na Duan
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China
- National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of Ulan Buh Desert Comprehensive Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Dengkou 015200, China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China
- National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of Ulan Buh Desert Comprehensive Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Dengkou 015200, China
| | - Xu Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Naqi Zhao
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China
- National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of Ulan Buh Desert Comprehensive Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Dengkou 015200, China
| | - Wenxu Cao
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Huiqing Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Fengsen Tan
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiulian Zhao
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qinghe Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
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Wu J, Zhao N, Zhang P, Zhu L, Lu Y, Lei X, Bai Z. Nitrate enhances cadmium accumulation through modulating sulfur metabolism in sweet sorghum. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137413. [PMID: 36455657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sweet sorghum deploys tremendous potential for phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd)-polluted soils. Nitrate increases Cd accumulation in sweet sorghum, but the mechanism underlying this is still elusive. Sulfur-containing metabolites have been corroborated to play important roles in Cd tolerance in plants. Thus, whether sulfur metabolism contributed to nitrate-increased Cd accumulation in sweet sorghum was investigated in the present study. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that most sulfur-containing metabolites concentrations and relevant enzymes activities were regulated by nitrate, Cd and interplay of nitrate and Cd. By using grey correlation analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient, Cd accumulation in shoots as affected by nitrate was also mainly ascribed to sulfur metabolism. ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) activities and non-protein thiol (NPT) concentrations in leaves were the two prominent factors that positively correlated with Cd accumulation in shoots. Excess nitrate elevated ATPS activities in leaves which contributed to increased NPT and phytochelatins (PCs) concentrations in leaves. Nitrate enhanced Cd accumulation in shoots of sweet sorghum under a low level of Cd treatment. Intriguingly, Cd accumulation in shoots of sweet sorghum was similar between a low level and a high level of Cd treatment. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) based on 34 parameters failed to separate the low Cd treatment from the high Cd treatment either, suggesting sweet sorghum is exclusively suitable for phytoremediation of slight Cd-polluted arable lands. Taken together, enhanced Cd accumulation in shoots of sweet sorghum by excess nitrate application is closely correlated with sulfur metabolism containing elevated ATPS activities, NPT and PCs concentrations in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China.
| | - Na Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Xin Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Zhenqing Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China.
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9
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Yang C, Xia L, Fu M, Chen Y, Kong X, Zhang S. DNA methylation-mediated phenylpropane and starch metabolism causes male poplars to be more tolerant to nitrogen deficiency than females. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:144-154. [PMID: 36638604 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. Dioecious plants, especially perennial plants, are often faced with a shortage of N supply in nature. Poplar is one of the most important dioecious and perennials species. Due to the different ecological functions, female and male poplars adopt different adaptation strategies to N limitation. However, the regulation in epigenetic mechanism is poorly understood on sexes. Here, the integrative analysis of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), RNA sequencing, and plant physiological analysis on female and male Populus cathayana were performed. We found that N deficiency reprograms methylation in both sexes, and the CG and CHH methylation types played critical roles in female and male poplars, respectively. Induced by DNA methylation, N-deficient males had a stronger phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway and less anthocyanin accumulation than females, which not only strengthened the N cycle but also reduced the defense cost of males. In addition, compared with male poplars, females accumulated more starch to expend excess energy under N limited condition. Additionally, DNA methylation also mediated hormone signalling involved in anthocyanin synthesis and starch metabolism. Therefore, our study reveals new molecular evidences that male poplars are more tolerant to N deficiency than females, which provides a reference for ecological adaptability of forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Linchao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mingyue Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiangge Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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10
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Duan Y, Yang H, Yang H, Wu Y, Fan S, Wu W, Lyu L, Li W. Integrative physiological, metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals nitrogen preference and carbon and nitrogen metabolism in blackberry plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153888. [PMID: 36577314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an indispensable element for plant growth and development. To understand the regulation of underlying carbon (C) and N metabolism in blackberry plants, we performed integrated analyses of the physiology, metabolome and transcriptome. Blackberry plants were subjected to no N, nitrate (NO3⁻)-N, ammonium (NH4+)-N and urea treatments. Our results showed that the NH4⁺-N treatment yielded higher values for the biomass, chlorophyll, antioxidants, N contents and antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as lower levels of free radicals and the C/N ratio compared with other treatments. Transcriptome analysis showed that different N forms significantly affected photosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and the TCA cycle. Metabolome analysis indicated that the levels of lipids, carbohydrates, flavonoids and amino acids were markedly changed under different N treatments. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed that amino acids, including proline, arginine, L-isoleucine, L-aspartate, threonine, and L-glutamate, played important roles in maintaining normal plant growth by regulating N metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Overall, blackberry plants preferentially take up NH4⁺-N. Under the NH4⁺-N treatment, N assimilation was stronger, flavonoid biosynthesis was decreased, and the promoting influence of NH4⁺-N on N metabolism was better than that of NO3⁻-N. However, the NO3⁻-N treatment enhanced the C/N ratio, accelerated the process of C metabolism and increased the synthesis of flavonoids, thereby accelerating the flow of N metabolism to C metabolism. These results provide deeper insight into coordinating C and N metabolism and improving N use efficiency in blackberry plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Duan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yaqiong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, China
| | - Sufan Fan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, China
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, China
| | - Lianfei Lyu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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11
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Huang G, Sun Y, Zhang X, Rodríguez LG, Luo J, Chen Z, Ou Y, Gao Y, Ghaffari H, Yao Y. Adaptation to low nitrogen and salt stresses in the desert poplar by effective regulation of nitrogen assimilation and ion balance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 193:14-24. [PMID: 36308848 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a main desert plant from arid regions of Central Asia, Populus euphratica always encounters with nitrogen shortage in its long life, apart from salt or drought stress. However, it remains unknown how this species responds to low nitrogen and combined stresses of low nitrogen and salinity. Thus, saplings of P. euphratica with uniform size were exposed to normal or low nitrogen condition (150 and 15 ppm ammonium nitrate separately) individually or in combination with salinity. Under low nitrogen conditions we found a positive effect on P. euphratica root growth, which could be associated to high level of nitrogen allocation to support root growth and effective regulation of nitrogen assimilation in comparison with the other poplar species reported before. Under salt stress the root growth of P. euphratica was significantly inhibited, with the side effects of oxidative stress, as saplings stored higher Na+ and Cl- contents in roots. Under the combined stressors of both salinity and low nitrogen, P. euphratica undergo a risky strategy, as stimulated root growth is accompanied by further oxidative stress.The concentrations of root K+ and whole plant NO3- were increased to support the tolerance of the combined stressors in P. euphratica, showing same characteristics with halophytes. Overall, our results provide evidence that the desert poplar can adapt to the salt stress/low nitrogen bundle, by effective regulation of nitrogen assimilation and ion homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yufang Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Lucas Gutiérrez Rodríguez
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yongbin Ou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Hamideh Ghaffari
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, 8818634141, Iran
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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12
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Guo Q, Liu L, Liu J, Korpelainen H, Li C. Plant sex affects plant-microbiome assemblies of dioecious Populus cathayana trees under different soil nitrogen conditions. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:191. [PMID: 36333709 PMCID: PMC9636617 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioecious plants have coevolved with diverse plant microbiomes, which are crucial for the fitness and productivity of their host. Sexual dimorphism in morphology, physiology, or gene expression may relate to different microbial compositions that affect male and female fitness in different environments. However, sex-specific impacts on ecological processes that control the microbiome assembly are not well known. In this study, Populus cathayana males and females were planted in different nitrogen conditions. It was hypothesized that males and females differently affect bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil, roots, old leaves, and young leaves. Physiological traits and transcriptome profiles of male and female plants were investigated to reveal potential mechanisms that control the microbiome assembly. RESULTS Our results showed strong niche differentiation that shapes microbial communities leading to a rapid loss of diversity along a decreasing pH gradient from the rhizosphere soil to leaves. Sex had different impacts on the microbial assembly in each niche. Especially fungal endophytes showed great differences in the community structure, keystone species, and community complexity between P. cathayana males and females. For example, the fungal co-occurrence network was more complex and the alpha diversity was significantly higher in young female leaves compared to young male leaves. Transcriptome profiles revealed substantial differences in plant-pathogen interactions and physiological traits that clearly demonstrated divergent internal environments for endophytes inhabiting males and females. Starch and pH of young leaves significantly affected the abundance of Proteobacteria, while tannin and pH of roots showed significant effects on the abundance of Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, and on the bacterial Shannon diversity. CONCLUSION Our results provided important knowledge for understanding sexual dimorphism that affects microbial assemblies, thus advancing our understanding of plant-microbiome interactions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jiantong Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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13
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Castro D, Concha C, Jamett F, Ibáñez C, Hurry V. Soil Microbiome Influences on Seedling Establishment and Growth of Prosopis chilensis and Prosopis tamarugo from Northern Chile. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2717. [PMID: 36297741 PMCID: PMC9610084 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Prosopis chilensis and Prosopis tamarugo, two woody legumes adapted to the arid regions of Chile, have a declining distribution due to the lack of new seedling establishment. This study investigated the potential of both species to establish in soil collected from four locations in Chile, within and outside the species distribution, and to assess the role of the root-colonizing microbiome in seedling establishment and growth. Seedling survival, height, and water potential were measured to assess establishment success and growth. 16S and ITS2 amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the composition of microbial communities from the different soils and to assess the ability of both Prosopis species to recruit bacteria and fungi from the different soils. Both species were established on three of the four soils. P. tamarugo seedlings showed significantly higher survival in foreign soils and maintained significantly higher water potential in Mediterranean soils. Amplicon sequencing showed that the four soils harbored distinct microbial communities. Root-associated microbial composition indicated that P. chilensis preferentially recruited mycorrhizal fungal partners while P. tamarugo recruited abundant bacteria with known salt-protective functions. Our results suggest that a combination of edaphic properties and microbial soil legacy are potential factors mediating the Prosopis establishment success in different soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Castro
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90736 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christopher Concha
- Laboratorio de Silvogenómica y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena 1720236, Chile
| | - Fabiola Jamett
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena 1720236, Chile
| | - Cristian Ibáñez
- Laboratorio de Silvogenómica y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena 1720236, Chile
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90736 Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Barnhart MH, Masalia RR, Mosley LJ, Burke JM. Phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of cultivated sunflower seedlings (Helianthus annuus L.) to four abiotic stresses. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275462. [PMID: 36178944 PMCID: PMC9524668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants encounter and respond to numerous abiotic stresses during their lifetimes. These stresses are often related and could therefore elicit related responses. There are, however, relatively few detailed comparisons between multiple different stresses at the molecular level. Here, we investigated the phenotypic and transcriptomic response of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings to three water-related stresses (i.e., dry-down, an osmotic challenge, and salt stress), as well as a generalized low-nutrient stress. All four stresses negatively impacted seedling growth, with the nutrient stress having a more divergent response from control as compared to the water-related stresses. Phenotypic responses were consistent with expectations for growth in low-resource environments, including increased (i.e., less negative) carbon fractionation values and leaf C:N ratios, as well as increased belowground biomass allocation. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under stress was greater in leaf tissue, but roots exhibited a higher proportion of DEGs unique to individual stresses. Overall, the three water-related stresses had a more similar transcriptomic response to each other vs. nutrient stress, though this pattern was more pronounced in root vs. leaf tissue. In contrast to our DEG analyses, co-expression network analysis revealed that there was little indication of a shared response between the four stresses in despite the majority of DEGs being shared between multiple stresses. Importantly, osmotic stress, which is often used to simulate drought stress in experimental settings, had little transcriptomic resemblance to true water limitation (i.e., dry-down) in our study, calling into question its utility as a means for simulating drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max H. Barnhart
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rishi R. Masalia
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Liana J. Mosley
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - John M. Burke
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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15
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Ma B, Wang J, Han Y, Zhou C, Xu T, Qu Z, Wang L, Ma B, Yuan M, Wang L, Ding X, Qian C. The response of grain yield and ear differentiation related traits to nitrogen levels in maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14620. [PMID: 36028556 PMCID: PMC9418237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most widely distributed and important crops in China. Maize ear differentiation plays an important role grain yield formation. However, it is unclear if ear and root morphophysiology status affects yield formation by altering ear differentiation and development under different nitrogen (N) conditions. The aim of this study is to understand how the ear differentiation and development are affected by ear and root morphophysiology traits, as affected by the N rate. The experiment consisted of two N rates: high nitrogen (180 kg ha-1), and low nitrogen (60 kg ha-1). Two N-efficient varieties (NEVs) and two N-inefficient varieties (NIVs) were grown in the field. The results showed higher nitrogen accumulation and grain yield in NEVs than in NIVs, which was mainly attributed to the increased N uptake by the larger root system under both N conditions. Under high N conditions, among ear differentiation-related traits, only FR was significantly positively correlated with grain yield, and NEVs ensure FR through higher N concentration and ZR content in ear at the fertilization stage. Under low N conditions, NEVs obtained higher FP, SR and FR through higher N concentration and IAA in ear at the early stage of ear differentiation, maintained lower AR and BTL by higher RA, R-ZR and E-ZR at the late stage of ear growth. These results suggest that NEVs have a more complex mechanism for obtaining higher grain yield under low N conditions than N sufficiency, and that phytohormones play an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Ma
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Junqiang Wang
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yehui Han
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhongcheng Qu
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lida Wang
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lianxia Wang
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xinying Ding
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chunrong Qian
- Institute of Tillage and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
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16
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Kasper K, Abreu IN, Feussner K, Zienkiewicz K, Herrfurth C, Ischebeck T, Janz D, Majcherczyk A, Schmitt K, Valerius O, Braus GH, Feussner I, Polle A. Multi-omics analysis of xylem sap uncovers dynamic modulation of poplar defenses by ammonium and nitrate. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:282-303. [PMID: 35535561 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Xylem sap is the major transport route for nutrients from roots to shoots. In the present study, we investigated how variations in nitrogen (N) nutrition affected the metabolome and proteome of xylem sap and the growth of the xylem endophyte Brennaria salicis, and we also report transcriptional re-wiring of leaf defenses in poplar (Populus × canescens). We supplied poplars with high, intermediate or low concentrations of ammonium or nitrate. We identified 288 unique proteins in xylem sap. Approximately 85% of the xylem sap proteins were shared among ammonium- and nitrate-supplied plants. The number of proteins increased with increasing N supply but the major functional categories (catabolic processes, cell wall-related enzymes, defense) were unaffected. Ammonium nutrition caused higher abundances of amino acids and carbohydrates, whereas nitrate caused higher malate levels in xylem sap. Pipecolic acid and N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid increased, whereas salicylic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine decreased, with increasing N nutrition. Untargeted metabolome analyses revealed 2179 features in xylem sap, of which 863 were differentially affected by N treatments. We identified 124 metabolites, mainly from specialized metabolism of the groups of salicinoids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and benzoates. Their abundances increased with decreasing N, except coumarins. Brennaria salicis growth was reduced in nutrient-supplemented xylem sap of low- and high- NO3- -fed plants compared to that of NH4+ -fed plants. The drastic changes in xylem sap composition caused massive changes in the transcriptional landscape of leaves and recruited defenses related to systemic acquired and induced systemic resistance. Our study uncovers unexpected complexity and variability of xylem composition with consequences for plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kasper
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ilka N Abreu
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Dennis Janz
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrzej Majcherczyk
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Proteomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Proteomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Proteomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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17
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Guo S, Arshad A, Yang L, Qin Y, Mu X, Mi G. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Common and Developmental Stage-Specific Genes That Respond to Low Nitrogen in Maize Leaves. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121550. [PMID: 35736701 PMCID: PMC9230787 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A growing leaf can be divided into three sections: division zone, elongation zone, and maturation zone. In previous studies, low nitrogen (LN) inhibited maize growth and development, especially leaf growth; however, the gene expression in response to LN in different regions in leaf were not clear. Here, using hydroponics and a transcriptome approach, we systematically analyzed the molecular responses of those zones and differentially expressed genes (DEG) in response to LN supply. Developmental stage-specific genes (SGs) were highly stage-specific and involved in distinct biological processes. SGs from division (SGs–DZ) and elongation zones (SGs–EZ) were more related to developmentally dependent processes, whereas SGs of the maturation zone (SGs–MZ) were more related to metabolic processes. The common genes (CGs) were overrepresented in carbon and N metabolism, suggesting that rebalancing carbon and N metabolism in maize leaves under LN condition was independent of developmental stage. Coexpression modules (CMs) were also constructed in our experiment and a total of eight CMs were detected. Most of SGs–DZ and SGs–EZ were classified into a set termed CM turquoise, which was mainly enriched in ribosome and DNA replication, whereas several genes from SGs–MZ and CGs were clustered into CM blue, which mainly focused on photosynthesis and carbon metabolism. Finally, a comprehensive coexpression network was extracted from CM blue, and several maize CONSTANS-LIKE(ZmCOL) genes seemed to participate in regulating photosynthesis in maize leaves under LN condition in a developmental stage-specific manner. With this study, we uncovered the LN-responsive CGs and SGs that are important for promoting plant growth and development under insufficient nitrogen supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (S.G.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Adnan Arshad
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- PODA Organization, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Yusheng Qin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (S.G.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Guohua Mi
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62734454
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18
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McEvoy SL, Sezen UU, Trouern‐Trend A, McMahon SM, Schaberg PG, Yang J, Wegrzyn JL, Swenson NG. Strategies of tolerance reflected in two North American maple genomes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1591-1613. [PMID: 34967059 PMCID: PMC9304320 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The first chromosome‐scale assemblies for North American members of the Acer genus, sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and boxelder (Acer negundo), as well as transcriptomic evaluation of the abiotic stress response in A. saccharum are reported. This integrated study describes in‐depth aspects contributing to each species' approach to tolerance and applies current knowledge in many areas of plant genome biology with Acer physiology to help convey the genomic complexities underlying tolerance in broadleaf tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. McEvoy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269USA
| | - U. Uzay Sezen
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMaryland21037USA
| | - Alexander Trouern‐Trend
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269USA
| | - Sean M. McMahon
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMaryland21037USA
| | - Paul G. Schaberg
- Forest ServiceU.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Research StationBurlingtonVermont05405USA
| | - Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303YunnanChina
| | - Jill L. Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269USA
| | - Nathan G. Swenson
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana46556USA
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19
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Iqbal A, Jing N, Qiang D, Xiangru W, Huiping G, Hengheng Z, Nianchang P, Xiling Z, Meizhen S. Physiological Characteristics of Cotton Subtending Leaf Are Associated With Yield in Contrasting Nitrogen-Efficient Cotton Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:825116. [PMID: 35197997 PMCID: PMC8859460 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.825116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) plays an important role in various plant physiological processes, but studies on the photosynthetic efficiency and enzymatic activities in the cotton subtending leaves and their contribution to yield are still lacking. This study explored the influence of low, moderate, and high N levels on the growth, photosynthesis, carbon (C) and N metabolizing enzymes, and their contribution to yield in CCRI-69 (N-efficient) and XLZ-30 (N-inefficient). The results showed that moderate to high N levels had significantly improved growth, photosynthesis, and sucrose content of CCRI-69 as compared to XLZ-30. The seed cotton yield and lint yield of CCRI-69 were similar under moderate and high N levels but higher than XLZ-30. Similarly, moderate to high N levels improved the C/N metabolizing enzymatic activities in the subtending leaf of CCRI-69 than XLZ-30. A strong correlation was found between subtending leaf N concentration with C/N metabolizing enzymes, photosynthesis, sucrose contents, boll weight, and seed cotton yield of N-efficient cotton genotype. These findings suggest that subtending leaf N concentration regulates the enzymatic activities and has a key role in improving the yield. These parameters may be considered for breeding N-efficient cotton genotypes, which might help to reduce fertilizer loss and improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Niu Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Dong Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Wang Xiangru
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Gui Huiping
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhang Hengheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Pang Nianchang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhang Xiling
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Song Meizhen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Lu Y, Deng S, Li Z, Wu J, Zhu D, Shi W, Zhou J, Fayyaz P, Luo ZB. Physiological Characteristics and Transcriptomic Dissection in Two Root Segments with Contrasting Net Fluxes of Ammonium and Nitrate of Poplar Under Low Nitrogen Availability. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:30-44. [PMID: 34508646 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To investigate physiological and transcriptomic regulation mechanisms underlying the distinct net fluxes of NH4+ and NO3- in different root segments of Populus species under low nitrogen (N) conditions, we used saplings of Populus × canescens supplied with either 500 (normal N) or 50 (low N) μM NH4NO3. The net fluxes of NH4+ and NO3-, the concentrations of NH4+, amino acids and organic acids and the enzymatic activities of nitrite reductase (NiR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in root segment II (SII, 35-70 mm to the apex) were lower than those in root segment I (SI, 0-35 mm to the apex). The net NH4+ influxes and the concentrations of organic acids were elevated, whereas the concentrations of NH4+ and NO3- and the activities of NiR and GS were reduced in SI and SII in response to low N. A number of genes were significantly differentially expressed in SII vs SI and in both segments grown under low vs normal N conditions, and these genes were mainly involved in the transport of NH4+ and NO3-, N metabolism and adenosine triphosphate synthesis. Moreover, the hub gene coexpression networks were dissected and correlated with N physiological processes in SI and SII under normal and low N conditions. These results suggest that the hub gene coexpression networks play pivotal roles in regulating N uptake and assimilation, amino acid metabolism and the levels of organic acids from the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the two root segments of poplars in acclimation to low N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Shurong Deng
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Zhuorong Li
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Jiangting Wu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Dongyue Zhu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Wenguang Shi
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Payam Fayyaz
- Forest, Range and Watershed Management Department, Agriculture and Natural Resources Faculty, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
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21
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Sivaprakasam Padmanaban PB, Rosenkranz M, Zhu P, Kaling M, Schmidt A, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Polle A, Schnitzler JP. Mycorrhiza-Tree-Herbivore Interactions: Alterations in Poplar Metabolome and Volatilome. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020093. [PMID: 35208168 PMCID: PMC8880370 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are continuously interacting with other organisms to optimize their performance in a changing environment. Mycorrhization is known to affect the plant growth and nutrient status, but it also can lead to adjusted plant defense and alter interactions with other trophic levels. Here, we studied the effect of Laccaria bicolor-mycorrhization on the poplar (Populus x canescens) metabolome and volatilome on trees with and without a poplar leaf beetle (Chrysomela populi) infestation. We analyzed the leaf and root metabolomes employing liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the leaf volatilome employing headspace sorptive extraction combined with gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry. Mycorrhization caused distinct metabolic adjustments in roots, young/infested leaves and old/not directly infested leaves. Mycorrhization adjusted the lipid composition, the abundance of peptides and, especially upon herbivory, the level of various phenolic compounds. The greatest change in leaf volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions occurred four to eight days following the beetle infestation. Together, these results prove that mycorrhization affects the whole plant metabolome and may influence poplar aboveground interactions. The herbivores and the mycorrhizal fungi interact with each other indirectly through a common host plant, a result that emphasizes the importance of community approach in chemical ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasath Balaji Sivaprakasam Padmanaban
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.B.S.P.); (P.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.B.S.P.); (P.Z.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (J.-P.S.); Tel.: +49-89-3187-4469 (M.R.); +49-89-3187-2413 (J.-P.S.)
| | - Peiyuan Zhu
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.B.S.P.); (P.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Moritz Kaling
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.B.S.P.); (P.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Anna Schmidt
- Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.B.S.P.); (P.Z.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (J.-P.S.); Tel.: +49-89-3187-4469 (M.R.); +49-89-3187-2413 (J.-P.S.)
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22
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Response of Poplar Leaf Transcriptome to Changed Management and Environmental Conditions in Pure and Mixed with Black Locust Stands. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mixed cropping in short rotation coppice can be an alternative to monocultures. To design optimized mixtures, field trials are needed. Poplar, as an economically important and fast-growing species, and black locust, as a nitrogen-fixing species, are promising candidates for such studies. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to monitor effects of mixed and pure cultivations on the gene expression of poplar along with growth measurements during 2017 and 2018. Both biomass production and leaf transcriptomes revealed a strong competition pressure of black locust and the abiotic environment on poplar trees. Gene expression differed between the two study sites and pure and mixed stands. Shading effects from black locust caused the downregulation of photosynthesis and upregulation of shade avoidance genes in mixed stands in 2017. As a result of higher light availability after cutting black locust, plant organ development genes were upregulated in mixed stands in 2018. Drought conditions during the summer of 2018 and competition for water between the two species caused the upregulation of drought stress response genes in mixed stands and at the unfavorable growing site. Further investigations are required to discover the mechanisms of interspecific competition and to develop stand designs, which could increase the success and productivity of mixed plantations.
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23
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Plett KL, Snijders F, Castañeda-Gómez L, Wong-Bajracharya JWH, Anderson IC, Carrillo Y, Plett JM. Nitrogen fertilization differentially affects the symbiotic capacity of two co-occurring ectomycorrhizal species. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:309-323. [PMID: 35023254 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Forest trees rely on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi to obtain growth-limiting nutrients. While addition of nitrogen (N) has the potential to disrupt these critical relationships, there is conflicting evidence as to the mechanism by which ECM:host mutualism may be affected. We evaluated how N fertilization altered host interactions and gene transcription between Eucalyptus grandis and Pisolithus microcarpus or Pisolithus albus, two closely related ECM species that typically co-occur within the same ecosystem. Our investigation demonstrated species-specific responses to elevated N: P. microcarpus maintained its ability to transport microbially sourced N to its host but had a reduced ability to penetrate into root tissues, while P. albus maintained its colonization ability but reduced delivery of N to its host. Transcriptomic analysis suggests that regulation of different suites of N-transporters may be responsible for these species-specific differences. In addition to N-dependent responses, we were also able to define a conserved 'core' transcriptomic response of Eucalyptus grandis to mycorrhization that was independent of abiotic conditions. Our results demonstrate that even between closely related ECM species, responses to N fertilization can vary considerably, suggesting that a better understanding of the breadth and mechanisms of their responses is needed to support forest ecosystems into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia.,Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, 2568, Australia
| | - Fridtjof Snijders
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Laura Castañeda-Gómez
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia.,Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Johanna W-H Wong-Bajracharya
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia.,Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, 2568, Australia
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Yolima Carrillo
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
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24
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Hu Y, Guy RD, Soolanayakanahally RY. Genotypic variation in C and N isotope discrimination suggests local adaptation of heart-leaved willow. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:32-43. [PMID: 33517390 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants acquire multiple resources from the environment and may need to adjust and/or balance their respective resource-use efficiencies to maximize grow and survival, in a locally adaptive manner. In this study, tissue and whole-plant carbon (C) isotopic composition (δ13C) and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios provided long-term measures of use efficiencies for water (WUE) and nitrogen (NUE), and a nitrogen (N) isotopic composition (δ15N)-based mass balance model was used to estimate traits related to N uptake and assimilation in heart-leaved willow (Salix eriocephala Michx.). In an initial common garden experiment consisting of 34 populations, we found population-level variation in δ13C, C/N ratio and δ15N, indicating different patterns in WUE, NUE and N uptake and assimilation. Although there was no relationship between foliar δ13C and C/N ratios among populations, there was a significant negative correlation between these measures across all individuals, implying a genetic and/or plastic trade-off between WUE and NUE not associated with local adaptation. To eliminate any environmental effect, we grew a subset of 21 genotypes hydroponically with nitrate as the sole N source and detected significant variation in δ13C, δ15N and C/N ratios. Variation in δ15N was mainly due to genotypic differences in the nitrate efflux/influx ratio (E/I) at the root. Both experiments suggested clinal variation in δ15N (and thus N uptake efficiency) with latitude of origin, which may relate to water availability and could contribute to global patterns in ecosystem δ15N. There was a tendency for genotypes with higher WUE to come from more water-replete sites with shorter and cooler growing seasons. We found that δ13C, C/N ratio and E/I were not inter-correlated, suggesting that the selection of growth, WUE, NUE and N uptake efficiency can occur without trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Robert D Guy
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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25
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Zhou J, Yang LY, Chen X, Shi WG, Deng SR, Luo ZB. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Long Noncoding RNAs in Populus × canescens Roots Treated With Different Nitrogen Fertilizers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:890453. [PMID: 35646010 PMCID: PMC9135444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.890453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3 -) and ammonium (NH4 +) are the primary forms of inorganic nitrogen acquired by plant roots. LncRNAs, as key regulators of gene expression, are a class of non-coding RNAs larger than 200 bp. However, knowledge about the regulatory role of lncRNAs in response to different nitrogen forms remains limited, particularly in woody plants. Here, we performed strand-specific RNA-sequencing of P. × canescens roots under three different nitrogen fertilization treatments. In total, 324 lncRNAs and 6,112 mRNAs were identified as showing significantly differential expression between the NO3 - and NH4NO3 treatments. Moreover, 333 lncRNAs and 6,007 mRNAs showed significantly differential expression between the NH4 + and NH4NO3 treatments. Further analysis suggested that these lncRNAs and mRNAs have different response mechanisms for different nitrogen forms. In addition, functional annotation of cis and trans target mRNAs of differentially expressed lncRNAs indicated that 60 lncRNAs corresponding to 49 differentially expressed cis and trans target mRNAs were involved in plant nitrogen metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism. Furthermore, 42 lncRNAs were identified as putative precursors of 63 miRNAs, and 28 differentially expressed lncRNAs were potential endogenous target mimics targeted by 96 miRNAs. Moreover, ceRNA regulation networks were constructed. MSTRG.6097.1, MSTRG.13550.1, MSTRG.2693.1, and MSTRG.12899.1, as hub lncRNAs in the ceRNA networks, are potential candidate lncRNAs for studying the regulatory mechanism in poplar roots under different nitrogen fertilization treatments. The results provide a basis for obtaining insight into the molecular mechanisms of lncRNA responses to different nitrogen forms in woody plants.
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26
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Chen M, Yin Y, Zhang L, Yang X, Fu T, Huo X, Wang Y. Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Integration of Early Response of Populus tomentosa to Reduced Nitrogen Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:769748. [PMID: 34956269 PMCID: PMC8692568 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.769748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most crucial elements for plant growth and development. However, little is known about the metabolic regulation of trees under conditions of N deficiency. In this investigation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine global changes in metabolites and regulatory pathways in Populus tomentosa. Thirty metabolites were found to be changed significantly under conditions of low-N stress. N deficiency resulted in increased levels of carbohydrates and decreases in amino acids and some alcohols, as well as some secondary metabolites. Furthermore, an RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis was performed to characterize the transcriptomic profiles, and 1,662 differentially expressed genes were identified in P. tomentosa. Intriguingly, four pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism were enriched. Genes involved in the gibberellic acid and indole-3-acetic acid pathways were found to be responsive to low-N stress, and the contents of hormones were then validated by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Coordinated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis revealed a pattern of co-expression of five pairs of metabolites and unigenes. Overall, our investigation showed that metabolism directly related to N deficiency was depressed, while some components of energy metabolism were increased. These observations provided insights into the metabolic and molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions of N and carbon in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyi Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Huo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Regulatory Networks for Osmotic Water Stress and Rewatering Response in the Leaves of Ginkgo biloba. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12121705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the transcriptomic regulation mechanisms that underlie the response of Ginkgo biloba to dehydration and rehydration, we used ginkgo saplings exposed to osmotically driven water stress and subsequent rewatering. When compared with a control group, 137, 1453, 1148, and 679 genes were differentially expressed in ginkgo leaves responding to 2, 6, 12, and 24 h of water deficit, and 796 and 1530 genes were differentially expressed responding to 24 and 48 h of rewatering. Upregulated genes participated in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid, eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and biosynthesis of flavonoids and bilobalide, and downregulated genes were involved in water transport and cell wall enlargement in water stress-treated ginkgo leaves. Under rehydration conditions, the genes associated with water transport and cell wall enlargement were upregulated, and the genes that participated in eliminating ROS and the biosynthesis of flavonoids and bilobalide were downregulated in the leaves of G. biloba. Furthermore, the weighted gene coexpression networks were established and correlated with distinct water stress and rewatering time-point samples. Hub genes that act as key players in the networks were identified. Overall, these results indicate that the gene coexpression networks play essential roles in the transcriptional reconfiguration of ginkgo leaves in response to water stress and rewatering.
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28
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Liao X, Chen Y, Ruan H, Malghani S. Incapability of biochar to mitigate biogas slurry induced N 2O emissions: Field investigations after 7 years of biochar application in a poplar plantation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148572. [PMID: 34214806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent atmospheric greenhouse gas that is largely emitted from soils due to the enhanced use of reactive nitrogen in agriculture and plantations. In this study, we evaluated the N2O mitigation ability of biochar after 7 years of application in a poplar plantation. The field experiment was based on combinations of three biochar (0, 80, and 120 t ha-1) and four biogas slurry (0, 125, 250, and 375 m3 ha-1) rates following a factorial design. N2O flux rates were measured for seven consecutive months using in situ static chambers. Soil physicochemical characteristics, potential nitrification rate (PNR), denitrification (DEA), and N2O reduction were recorded once each in September 2019 and January 2020 via lab incubations. In addition, qPCR assays were used to assess the abundance of key nitrifying and denitrifying functional genes. Biochar application after 7 years had no significant effects on N2O flux rates, PNR, and DEA rates. However, a triggering effect of biogas slurry on soil N2O emission was observed, although there was no correlation between biogas slurry rates and N2O emission rates. Factorial ANOVA showed a significant effect of biogas slurry and its interaction with biochar on the relative abundance of bacterial denitrifying and nitrifying functional genes. Additionally, significant correlations of N2O emission rates with PNR rates and NO3- concentration indicated that nitrification was the dominant pathway of N2O emission. Thus, a single biochar application did not mitigate N2O emission rates induced by biogas slurry on a long-term scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liao
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yajuan Chen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Honghua Ruan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Saadatullah Malghani
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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29
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Zhao C, Ma G, Zhou L, Zhang S, Su L, Sun X, Borrás-Hidalgo O, Li K, Yue Q, Zhao L. Effects of nitrogen levels on gene expression and amino acid metabolism in Welsh onion. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:803. [PMID: 34743697 PMCID: PMC8573885 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Welsh onion constitutes an important crop due to its benefits in traditional medicine. Nitrogen is an important nutrient for plant growth and yield; however, little is known about its influence on the mechanisms of Welsh onion regulation genes. In this study, we introduced a gene expression and amino acid analysis of Welsh onion treated with different concentrations of nitrogen (N0, N1, and N2 at 0 kg/ha, 130 kg/ha, and 260 kg/ha, respectively). Results Approximately 1,665 genes were differentially regulated with different concentrations of nitrogen. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the genes involved in metabolic processes, protein biosynthesis, and transportation of amino acids were highly represented. KEGG analysis indicated that the pathways were related to amino acid metabolism, cysteine, beta-alanine, arginine, proline, and glutathione. Differential gene expression in response to varying nitrogen concentrations resulted in different amino acid content. A close relationship between gene expression and the content of amino acids was observed. Conclusions This work examined the effects of nitrogen on gene expression and amino acid synthesis and provides important evidence on the efficient use of nitrogen in Welsh onion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanchu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Le Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Orlando Borrás-Hidalgo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Jinan Hangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Qiulin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Provincial Key Lab. of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
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30
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Xiong R, He T, Wang Y, Liu S, Gao Y, Yan H, Xiang Y. Genome and transcriptome analysis to understand the role diversification of cytochrome P450 gene under excess nitrogen treatment. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:447. [PMID: 34615481 PMCID: PMC8493724 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (P. notoginseng) is a medicinal plant. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) monooxygenase superfamily is involved in the synthesis of a variety of plant hormones. Studies have shown that CYP450 is involved in the synthesis of saponins, which are the main medicinal component of P. notoginseng. To date, the P. notoginseng CYP450 family has not been systematically studied, and its gene functions remain unclear. RESULTS In this study, a total of 188 PnCYP genes were identified, these genes were divided into 41 subfamilies and clustered into 9 clans. Moreover, we identified 40 paralogous pairs, of which only two had Ka/Ks ratio greater than 1, demonstrating that most PnCYPs underwent purification selection during evolution. In chromosome mapping and gene replication analysis, 8 tandem duplication and 11 segmental duplication events demonstrated that PnCYP genes were continuously replicating during their evolution. Gene ontology (GO) analysis annotated the functions of 188 PnCYPs into 21 functional subclasses, suggesting the functional diversity of these gene families. Functional divergence analyzed the members of the three primitive branches of CYP51, CYP74 and CYP97 at the amino acid level, and found some critical amino acid sites. The expression pattern of PnCYP450 related to nitrogen treatment was studied using transcriptome sequencing data, 10 genes were significantly up-regulated and 37 genes were significantly down-regulated. Combined with transcriptome sequencing analysis, five potential functional genes were screened. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated that these five genes were responded to methyl jasmonate (MEJA) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a valuable basis for comprehending the classification and biological functions of PnCYPs, and offer clues to study their biological functions in response to nitrogen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ting He
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shifan Liu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yameng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hanwei Yan
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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31
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Chen C, Chu Y, Huang Q, Zhang W, Ding C, Zhang J, Li B, Zhang T, Li Z, Su X. Morphological, physiological, and transcriptional responses to low nitrogen stress in Populus deltoides Marsh. clones with contrasting nitrogen use efficiency. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:697. [PMID: 34579659 PMCID: PMC8474845 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nitrogen (N) is one of the main factors limiting the wood yield in poplar cultivation. Understanding the molecular mechanism of N utilization could play a guiding role in improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of poplar. Results In this study, three N-efficient genotypes (A1-A3) and three N-inefficient genotypes (C1-C3) of Populus deltoides were cultured under low N stress (5 μM NH4NO3) and normal N supply (750 μM NH4NO3). The dry matter mass, leaf morphology, and chlorophyll content of both genotypes decreased under N starvation. The low nitrogen adaptation coefficients of the leaves and stems biomass of group A were significantly higher than those of group C (p < 0.05). Interestingly, N starvation induced fine root growth in group A, but not in group C. Next, a detailed time-course analysis of enzyme activities and gene expression in leaves identified 2062 specifically differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in group A and 1118 in group C. Moreover, the sensitivity to N starvation of group A was weak, and DEGs related to hormone signal transduction and stimulus response played an important role in the low N response this group. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified genes related to membranes, catalytic activity, enzymatic activity, and response to stresses that might be critical for poplar’s adaption to N starvation and these genes participated in the negative regulation of various biological processes. Finally, ten influential hub genes and twelve transcription factors were identified in the response to N starvation. Among them, four hub genes were related to programmed cell death and the defense response, and PodelWRKY18, with high connectivity, was involved in plant signal transduction. The expression of hub genes increased gradually with the extension of low N stress time, and the expression changes in group A were more obvious than those in group C. Conclusions Under N starvation, group A showed stronger adaptability and better NUE than group C in terms of morphology and physiology. The discovery of hub genes and transcription factors might provide new information for the analysis of the molecular mechanism of NUE and its improvement in poplar. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07991-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yanguang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Qinjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Changjun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Tengqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China. .,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Luo J, Nvsvrot T, Wang N. Comparative transcriptomic analysis uncovers conserved pathways involved in adventitious root formation in poplar. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1903-1918. [PMID: 34629770 PMCID: PMC8484428 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cutting propagation is widely used in establishing poplar plantations, and this approach requires efficient adventitious root (AR) forming capacities. Although poplar species are considered to form roots easily, interspecific variations in AR formation are still observed. To better understand the gene regulatory network underlying the conserved modified pathways that are essential for AR formation in poplar species, comparative transcriptomic approaches were applied to identify the conserved common genes that were differentially expressed during the AR formation processes in two poplar species (Populus × euramericana and P. simonii) in woody plant medium (WPM). A total of 2146 genes were identified as conserved genes that shared similar gene expression profiles in at least one comparison. These conserved genes were enriched in diverse hormone signaling pathways, as well as the mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, suggesting an important role for signaling transduction in coordinating external stimuli and endogenous physiological status during AR regulation in poplar. Furthermore, the co-expression network analysis of conserved genes allowed identification of several co-expressed modules (CM) that are co-expressed with distinct biological functions, for instance, CM1 was enriched in defense response and hormone signaling, CM2 and CM3 were overrepresented in defense response-related pathways and for cell cycle, respectively. These results suggest that the AR formation processes in poplar were finely tuned at the transcriptomic level by integrating multiple biological processes essential for AR formation. Our results suggest conserved machinery for AR formation in poplar and generated informative gene co-expression networks that describe the basis of AR formation in these species. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01054-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Tashbek Nvsvrot
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Nian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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Xin W, Liu H, Zhao H, Wang J, Zheng H, Jia Y, Yang L, Wang X, Li J, Li X, Lei L, Zou D. The Response of Grain Yield and Root Morphological and Physiological Traits to Nitrogen Levels in Paddy Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:713814. [PMID: 34531885 PMCID: PMC8439581 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.713814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop in China. Although it is known that its yield is restricted by nitrogen (N) supply, the response of the root system to N supply specifically has not been systematically explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of N uptake on grain yield to clarify the relationships between root morphophysiological traits and N uptake, and to understand relation between phytohormones and root morphophysiological traits. Two N-efficient absorption cultivars (NEAs) and two N-inefficient absorption cultivars (NIAs) were grown in the field, and three N conditions, deficient N (60 kg ha-1), intermediate N (180 kg ha-1), and sufficient N (240 kg ha-1), were applied during the growing season. The results showed higher dry matter and grain yield in NEAs than in NIAs, which was mainly attributed to increased N uptake in the mid- and late growth stages under all N conditions. And NEAs have different root regulation methods to obtain higher N accumulation and yield under different N supply conditions. Under lower N conditions, compared with NIAs, NEAs shown greater total root length, root oxidation activity, and root active absorbing surface area and smaller root diameter owing to higher indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin content and lower 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content in the early growth stages to respond to low N stress faster, laying a morphophysiological basis for its high N-uptake capacity in the mid- and late growth stages. Under higher N conditions, NEAs had higher root oxidation activity and root active absorbing surface area for N uptake and yield formation owing to higher abscisic acid and cytokinin content in the mid- and late growth stages, which improved the seed setting rate, thereby increasing the rice grain yield. These results suggest that NEAs can optimize the morphophysiological characteristics of roots through phytohormone regulation to adapt to different nutrient conditions, thereby promoting N accumulation and yield formation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Detang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Alexander A, Singh VK, Mishra A. Overexpression of differentially expressed AhCytb6 gene during plant-microbe interaction improves tolerance to N 2 deficit and salt stress in transgenic tobacco. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13435. [PMID: 34183701 PMCID: PMC8239016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has plant growth-promoting potential, and interaction with Arachis hypogaea changes host-plant physiology, biochemistry, and metabolomics, which provides tolerance under the N2 starvation conditions. About 226 suppression subtractive hybridization clones were obtained from plant-microbe interaction, of which, about 62% of gene sequences were uncharacterized, whereas 23% of sequences were involved in photosynthesis. An uncharacterized SSH clone, SM409 (full-length sequence showed resemblance with Cytb6), showed about 4-fold upregulation during the interaction was transformed to tobacco for functional validation. Overexpression of the AhCytb6 gene enhanced the seed germination efficiency and plant growth under N2 deficit and salt stress conditions compared to wild-type and vector control plants. Results confirmed that transgenic lines maintained high photosynthesis and protected plants from reactive oxygen species buildup during stress conditions. Microarray-based whole-transcript expression of host plants showed that out of 272,410 genes, 8704 and 24,409 genes were significantly (p < 0.05) differentially expressed (> 2 up or down-regulated) under N2 starvation and salt stress conditions, respectively. The differentially expressed genes belonged to different regulatory pathways. Overall, results suggested that overexpression of AhCytb6 regulates the expression of various genes to enhance plant growth under N2 deficit and abiotic stress conditions by modulating plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Alexander
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Ghaziabad, India.
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Sophora japonica (L.) Roots Reveals Key Pathways and Genes in Response to PEG-Induced Drought Stress under Different Nitrogen Conditions. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sophora japonica is a native leguminous tree species in China. The high stress tolerance contributes to its long lifespan of thousands of years. The lack of genomic resources greatly limits genetic studies on the stress responses of S. japonica. In this study, RNA-seq was conducted for S. japonica roots grown under short-term 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000-induced drought stress under normal N and N starvation conditions (1 and 0 mM NH4NO3, respectively). In each of the libraries, we generated more than 25 million clean reads, which were then de novo assembled to 46,852 unigenes with an average length of 1310.49 bp. In the differential expression analyses, more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found under drought with N starvation than under single stresses. The number of transcripts identified under N starvation and drought in S. japonica was nearly the same, but more upregulated genes were induced by drought, while more downregulated genes were induced by N starvation. Genes involved in “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” and “biosynthesis of amino acids” pathways were upregulated according to KEGG enrichment analyses, irrespective of the stress treatments. Additionally, upregulated N metabolism genes were enriched upon drought, and downregulated photosynthesis genes were enriched under N starvation. We found 4,372 and 5,430 drought-responsive DEGs under normal N and N starvation conditions, respectively. N starvation may aggravate drought by downregulating transcripts in the “carbon metabolism”, “ribosome”, “arginine biosynthesis pathway”, “oxidative phosphorylation” and “aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis” pathways. We identified 78 genes related to N uptake and assimilation, 38 of which exhibited differential expression under stress. A total of 395 DEGs were categorized as transcription factors, of which AR2/ERF-ERF, WRKY, NAC, MYB, bHLH, C3H and C2C2-Dof families played key roles in drought and N starvation stresses. The transcriptome data obtained, and the genes identified facilitate our understanding of the mechanisms of S. japonica responses to drought and N starvation stresses and provide a molecular foundation for understanding the mechanisms of its long lifespan for breeding resistant varieties for greening.
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Coleman HD, Brunner AM, Tsai CJ. Synergies and Entanglement in Secondary Cell Wall Development and Abiotic Stress Response in Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:639769. [PMID: 33815447 PMCID: PMC8018706 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.639769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge for sustainable food, fuel, and fiber production is simultaneous genetic improvement of yield, biomass quality, and resilience to episodic environmental stress and climate change. For Populus and other forest trees, quality traits involve alterations in the secondary cell wall (SCW) of wood for traditional uses, as well as for a growing diversity of biofuels and bioproducts. Alterations in wood properties that are desirable for specific end uses can have negative effects on growth and stress tolerance. Understanding of the diverse roles of SCW genes is necessary for the genetic improvement of fast-growing, short-rotation trees that face perennial challenges in their growth and development. Here, we review recent progress into the synergies and antagonisms of SCW development and abiotic stress responses, particularly, the roles of transcription factors, SCW biogenesis genes, and paralog evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy M. Brunner
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Chung-Jui Tsai
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Wu X, Liu J, Meng Q, Fang S, Kang J, Guo Q. Differences in carbon and nitrogen metabolism between male and female Populus cathayana in response to deficient nitrogen. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:119-133. [PMID: 32822497 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism occurs regarding carbon and nitrogen metabolic processes in response to nitrogen supply. Differences in fixation and remobilization of carbon and allocation and assimilation of nitrogen between sexes may differ under severe defoliation. The dioecious species Populus cathayana was studied after two defoliation treatments with two N levels. Males had a higher capacity of carbon fixation because of higher gas exchange and fluorescence traits of leaves after severe long-term defoliation under deficient N. Males had higher leaf abscisic acid, stomatal conductance and leaf sucrose phosphate synthase activity increasing transport of sucrose to sinks. Males had a higher carbon sink than females, because under N-deficient conditions, males accumulated >131.10% and 90.65% root starch than males in the control, whereas females accumulated >40.55% and 52.81%, respectively, than females in the control group. Males allocated less non-protein N (NNon-p) to leaves, having higher nitrogen use efficiency (photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency), higher glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and higher leaf GDH expression, even after long-term severe defoliation under deficient N. Females had higher leaf jasmonic acid concentration and NNon-p. The present study suggested that females allocated more carbon and nitrogen to defense chemicals than males after long-term severe defoliation under deficient N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiantong Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qiqi Meng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shiyan Fang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jieyu Kang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qingxue Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Xin W, Zhang L, Gao J, Zhang W, Yi J, Zhen X, Bi C, He D, Liu S, Zhao X. Adaptation Mechanism of Roots to Low and High Nitrogen Revealed by Proteomic Analysis. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:5. [PMID: 33411084 PMCID: PMC7790981 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen-based nutrients are the main factors affecting rice growth and development. Root systems play an important role in helping plants to obtain nutrients from the soil. Root morphology and physiology are often closely related to above-ground plant organs performance. Therefore, it is important to understand the regulatory effects of nitrogen (N) on rice root growth to improve nitrogen use efficiency. RESULTS In this study, changes in the rice root traits under low N (13.33 ppm), normal N (40 ppm) and high N (120 ppm) conditions were performed through root morphology analysis. These results show that, compared with normal N conditions, root growth is promoted under low N conditions, and inhibited under high N conditions. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the rice root response to low and high N conditions, comparative proteomics analysis was performed using a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based approach, and differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were further characterized. Compared with normal N conditions, a total of 291 and 211 DAPs were identified under low and high N conditions, respectively. The abundance of proteins involved in cell differentiation, cell wall modification, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and protein synthesis was differentially altered, which was an important reason for changes in root morphology. Furthermore, although both low and high N can cause nitrogen stress, rice roots revealed obvious differences in adaptation to low and high N. CONCLUSIONS These results provide insights into global changes in the response of rice roots to nitrogen availability and may facilitate the development of rice cultivars with high nitrogen use efficiency through root-based genetic improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Jiping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Wenzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Jun Yi
- Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Congyuan Bi
- Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Dawei He
- Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
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Lu L, Zhang Y, Li L, Yi N, Liu Y, Qaseem MF, Li H, Wu AM. Physiological and Transcriptomic Responses to Nitrogen Deficiency in Neolamarckia cadamba. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:747121. [PMID: 34887886 PMCID: PMC8649893 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.747121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the abundant and essential elements for plant growth and development, and N deficiency (ND) affects plants at both physiological and transcriptomic levels. Neolamarckia cadamba is a fast-growing woody plant from the Rubiaceae family. However, the physiological and molecular impacts of ND on this species have not been well investigated. Here, we studied how N. cadamba responds to ND under hydroponic conditions. In a physiological aspect, ND led to a reduction in biomass, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic capacity. ND also impaired the assimilation of N as the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and nitrate reductase (NR) were decreased in the root. Interestingly, the lignin content of stem increased progressively during the ND stress. The main transcription factors, the transcription factors that are important to N regulation has been found to be upregulated, including Nodule inception-like protein 7 (NLP7), TGACG motif-binding factor 1 (TGA1), basic helix-loop-helix protein 45 (BHLH45), NAM, ATAF1,2, CUC2 (NAC) transcription factor 43 (NAC43), and basic leucine zipper pattern 44 (bZIP44). The expression of N transporters, such as nitrate transporter 2.4 (NRT2.4), ammonium transporter 3 (AMT3), and amino acid transporter protein 3 (AAP3), was also upregulated. In addition, phosphorus- and calcium-related genes such as phosphate starvation response 2 (PHR2) and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 15 (CNGC15) were expressed more abundantly in response to ND stress. Our results reveal the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which woody plants respond to ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huiling Li,
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Ai-Min Wu,
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40
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Hu Q, Li X, Gonçalves JM, Shi H, Tian T, Chen N. Effects of residual plastic-film mulch on field corn growth and productivity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138901. [PMID: 32361448 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastic-film mulching has played an important role to promote agricultural production in arid areas; however, due to its inefficient recycling capacity, large amounts of residues have been accumulated in soils, causing negative impacts on crop growth and on the environment. To investigate these effects on water use efficiency, a two-years field experiment was carried out, applying different levels of plastic-film residues, from 0 to 600 kg ha-1. Results show that these residues have a negative impact on root and shoot growth at several growth stages of corn crop, particularly if above 300 kg ha-1. Root length and weight density decrease with the amount of residues throughout the majority of crop season. Plastic-film residues of about 600 kg ha-1 are responsible for the decrease of the biomass root to shoot ratio during the tasseling stage. Moreover, during physiological maturity, root and shoot revealed the highest sensitivity, and the least negative effects on the root system. Results also show that crop water consumption has a slight decrease with the plastic-film residues, though there was also a significant decrease of the yield and the water use efficiency reduction. This information allows to state that it is determinant to learn how to deal with the problem, adjusting the irrigation and crop management to avoid yield impacts. It would also be important to find an efficient procedure to mechanically collect the residues in the soil, and to apply new biodegradable film mulching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Xianyue Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China.
| | - José M Gonçalves
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária, Coimbra & LEAF - Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Haibin Shi
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Tong Tian
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
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41
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He J, Zhuang X, Zhou J, Sun L, Wan H, Li H, Lyu D. Exogenous melatonin alleviates cadmium uptake and toxicity in apple rootstocks. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:746-761. [PMID: 32159805 PMCID: PMC7107249 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To examine the potential roles of melatonin in cadmium (Cd) uptake, accumulation and detoxification in Malus plants, we exposed two different apple rootstocks varying greatly in Cd uptake and accumulation to either 0 or 30 μM Cd together with 0 or 100 μM melatonin. Cadmium stress stimulated endogenous melatonin production to a greater extent in the Cd-tolerant Malus baccata Borkh. than in the Cd-susceptible Malus micromalus 'qingzhoulinqin'. Melatonin application attenuated Cd-induced reductions in growth, photosynthesis and enzyme activity, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde accumulation. Melatonin treatment more effectively restored photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments and biomass in Cd-challenged M. micromalus 'qingzhoulinqin' than in Cd-stressed M. baccata. Exogenous melatonin lowered root Cd2+ uptake, reduced leaf Cd accumulation, decreased Cd translocation factors and increased root, stem and leaf melatonin contents in both Cd-exposed rootstocks. Melatonin application increased both antioxidant concentrations and enzyme activities to scavenge Cd-induced ROS. Exogenous melatonin treatment altered the mRNA levels of several genes regulating Cd uptake, transport and detoxification including HA7, NRAMP1, NRAMP3, HMA4, PCR2, NAS1, MT2, ABCC1 and MHX. Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous melatonin reduced aerial parts Cd accumulation and mitigated Cd toxicity in Malus plants, probably due to the melatonin-mediated Cd allocation in tissues, and induction of antioxidant defense system and transcriptionally regulated key genes involved in detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali He
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Zhuang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, 125100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huixue Wan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Li
- Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deguo Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Name: Deguo Lyu, Telephone: 0086-24-88487219, E-mail: Deguo Lyu ()
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Ni J, Su S, Li H, Geng Y, Zhou H, Feng Y, Xu X. Distinct physiological and transcriptional responses of leaves of paper mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki × B. papyrifera) under different nitrogen supply levels. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:667-682. [PMID: 32211806 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Paper mulberry, a vigorous pioneer species used for ecological reclamation and a high-protein forage plant for economic development, has been widely planted in China. To further develop its potential value, it is necessary to explore the regulatory mechanism of nitrogen metabolism for rational nitrogen utilization. In this study, we investigated the morphology, physiology and transcriptome of a paper mulberry hybrid (Broussonetia kazinoki × B. papyrifera) in response to different nitrogen concentrations. Moderate nitrogen promoted plant growth and biomass accumulation. Photosynthetic characteristics, concentration of nitrogenous compounds and activities of enzymes were stimulated under nitrogen treatment. However, these enhancements were slightly or severely inhibited under excessive nitrogen supply. Nitrite reductase and glutamate synthase were more sensitive than nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase and more likely to be inhibited under high nitrogen concentrations. Transcriptome analysis of the leaf transcriptome identified 161,961 unigenes. The differentially expressed genes associated with metabolism of nitrogen, alanine, aspartate, glutamate and glycerophospholipid showed high transcript abundances after nitrogen application, whereas those associated with glycerophospholipid, glycerolipid, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism were down-regulated. Combined with weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we uncovered 16 modules according to similarity in expression patterns. Asparagine synthetase and inorganic pyrophosphatase were considered two hub genes in two modules, which were associated with nitrogen metabolism and phosphorus metabolism, respectively. The expression characteristics of these genes may explain the regulation of morphological, physiological and other related metabolic strategies harmoniously. This multifaceted study provides valuable insights to further understand the mechanism of nitrogen metabolism and to guide utilization of paper mulberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shang Su
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yonghang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Houjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yanzhi Feng
- Paulownia Research and Development Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Xinqiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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43
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Iqbal A, Qiang D, Zhun W, Xiangru W, Huiping G, Hengheng Z, Nianchang P, Xiling Z, Meizhen S. Growth and nitrogen metabolism are associated with nitrogen-use efficiency in cotton genotypes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:61-74. [PMID: 32050119 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Crops, including cotton, are sensitive to nitrogen (N) and excessive use can lead to an increase in production costs and environmental problems. We hypothesized that the use of cotton genotypes with substantial root systems and high genetic potentials for nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) would best address these problems. Therefore, the interspecific variations and traits contributing to NUE in six cotton genotypes having contrasting NUEs were studied in response to various nitrate concentrations. Large genotypic variations were observed in morphophysiological and biochemical traits, especially shoot dry weight, root traits, and N-assimilating enzyme levels. The roots of all the cotton genotypes were more sensitive to low-than high-nitrate concentrations, and the genotype CCRI-69 had the largest root system irrespective of the nitrate concentration. The root morphological traits were positively correlated with N-utilization efficiency and were more affected by genotype than nitrate concentration. Conversely, growth and N-assimilating enzyme levels were more affected by nitrate concentration and were positively correlated with N-uptake efficiency. Based on shoot dry weight, CCRI-69 and XLZ-30 were identified as N-efficient and N-inefficient genotypes, respectively, and these results were confirmed by their contrasting root systems, N metabolism, and NUEs. In the future, multi-omics techniques will be performed to identify key genes/pathways involved in N metabolism, which may have the potential to improve root architecture and increase NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China.
| | - Dong Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China
| | - Wang Zhun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China
| | - Wang Xiangru
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China
| | - Gui Huiping
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China
| | - Zhang Hengheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China
| | - Pang Nianchang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China
| | - Zhang Xiling
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China.
| | - Song Meizhen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China.
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An Y, Zhou Y, Han X, Shen C, Wang S, Liu C, Yin W, Xia X. The GATA transcription factor GNC plays an important role in photosynthesis and growth in poplar. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1969-1984. [PMID: 31872214 PMCID: PMC7094078 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
GATA transcription factors are involved in the regulation of diverse growth processes and environmental responses in Arabidopsis and rice. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic survey of the GATA family in the woody perennial Populus trichocarpa. Thirty-nine Populus GATA genes were classified into four subfamilies based on gene structure and phylogenetic relationships. Predicted cis-elements suggested potential roles of poplar GATA genes in light, phytohormone, development, and stress responses. A poplar GATA gene, PdGATA19/PdGNC (GATA nitrate-inducible carbon-metabolism-involved), was identified from a fast growing poplar clone. PdGNC expression was significantly up-regulated in leaves under both high (50 mM) and low (0.2 mM) nitrate concentrations. The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutant crispr-GNC showed severely retarded growth and enhanced secondary xylem differentiation. PdGNC-overexpressing transformants exhibited 25-30% faster growth, 20-28% higher biomass accumulation, and ~25% increase in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and plant height, compared with the wild type. Transcriptomic analysis showed that PdGNC was involved in photosynthetic electron transfer and carbon assimilation in the leaf, cell division and carbohydrate utilization in the stem, and nitrogen uptake in the root. These data indicated that PdGNC plays a crucial role in plant growth and is potentially useful in tree molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyan Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence:
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45
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Song H, Cai Z, Liao J, Zhang S. Phosphoproteomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Sexually Differential Regulatory Mechanisms in Poplar to Nitrogen Deficiency. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1073-1084. [PMID: 31991081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a key factor impacting physiological processes in plants. Many proteins have been investigated in male and female poplars under N limitation. However, little is known about sex differences in the protein modifications and metabolites that occur in poplar leaves in response to N deficiency. In this study, as compared to N-deficient males, N-deficient females suffered greater damage from N deficiency, including chloroplast disorganization and lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes. Male poplars had greater osmotic adjustment ability than did females, allowing greater accumulation of soluble metabolites. In addition, as compared to that in N-deficient males, glycolysis was less suppressed in N-deficient females for increased enzyme activities to consume excess energy. Moreover, we found that pronounced protein phosphorylation occurred during carbon metabolism and substance transport processes in both sexes of poplar under N-limiting conditions. Sex-specific metabolites mainly included intermediates in glycolysis, amino acids, and phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites. This study provides new molecular evidence that female poplars suffer greater negative effects from N deficiency than do male poplars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zeyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Iqbal A, Dong Q, Wang X, Gui H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Song M. Variations in Nitrogen Metabolism are Closely Linked with Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency in Cotton Genotypes under Various Nitrogen Supplies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E250. [PMID: 32075340 PMCID: PMC7076418 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cotton production is highly sensitive to nitrogen (N) fertilization, whose excessive use is responsible for human and environmental problems. Lowering N supply together with the selection of N-efficient genotypes, more able to uptake, utilize, and remobilize the available N, could be a challenge to maintain high cotton production sustainably. The current study aimed to explore the intraspecific variation among four cotton genotypes in response to various N supplies, in order to identify the most distinct N-efficient genotypes and their nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)-related traits in hydroponic culture. On the basis of shoot dry matter, CCRI-69 and XLZ-30 were identified as N-efficient and N-inefficient genotypes, respectively, and these results were confirmed by their contrasting N metabolism, uptake (NUpE), and utilization efficiency (NUtE). Overall, our results indicated the key role of shoot glutamine synthetase (GS) and root total soluble protein in NUtE. Conversely, tissue N concentration and N-metabolizing enzymes were considered as the key traits in conferring high NUpE. The remobilization of N from the shoot to roots by high shoot GS activity may be a strategy to enhance root total soluble protein, which improves root growth for N uptake and NUE. In future, multi-omics studies will be employed to focus on the key genes and pathways involved in N metabolism and their role in improving NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (A.I.); (Q.D.)
| | - Meizhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (A.I.); (Q.D.)
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Liu H, Yu W, Wu J, Li Z, Li H, Zhou J, Hu J, Lu Y. Identification and characterization of circular RNAs during wood formation of poplars in acclimation to low nitrogen availability. PLANTA 2020; 251:47. [PMID: 31925576 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) identification and expression profiles, and construction of circRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs networks indicates that circRNAs are involved in wood formation of poplars in acclimation to low nitrogen availability. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed non-coding RNAs that play pivotal roles in various biological processes. However, circRNAs' roles in wood formation of poplars in acclimation to low nitrogen (N) availability are currently unknown. Here, we undertook a systematic identification and characterization of circRNAs in the wood of Populus × canescens exposed to either 50 (low N) or 500 (normal N) µM NH4NO3 using rRNA-depleted RNA-sequencing. A total of 2,509 unique circRNAs were identified, and 163 (ca. 6.5%) circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed (DE) under low N condition. We observed a positive correlation between the expression patterns of DE circRNAs and their hosting protein-coding genes. Moreover, circRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs' networks were identified in the wood of poplars under low N availability. For instance, upregulated several circRNAs, such as circRNA1226, circRNA 1732, and circRNA392 induced increases in nuclear factor Y, subunit A1-A (NFYA1-A), NFYA1-B, and NFYA10 transcript levels via the mediation of miR169b members, which is in line with reduced xylem width and cell layers of the xylem in the wood of low N-supplied poplars. Upregulation of circRNA1006, circRNA1344, circRNA1941, circRNA901, and circRNA146 caused increased transcript level of MYB61 via the mediation of a miR5021 member, corresponding well to the higher lignin concentration in the wood of low N-treated poplars. Overall, these results indicated that DE circRNAs play an essential role in regulating gene expression via circRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs' networks to modulate wood anatomical and chemical properties of poplars in acclimation to low N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Non-Timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Non-Timber Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Wanwen Yu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jiangting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhuorong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institution of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Inertia Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200335, China
| | - Yan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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An Integrated Analysis of the Rice Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals Root Growth Regulation Mechanisms in Response to Nitrogen Availability. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235893. [PMID: 31771277 PMCID: PMC6928638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth and basic metabolic processes. Root systems play an important role in the ability of plants to obtain nutrients from the soil, and are closely related to the growth and development of above-ground plants. Root morphology analysis showed that root growth was induced under low-nitrogen conditions and inhibited under high-nitrogen conditions. To better understand the molecular mechanisms and metabolic basis underlying the rice root response to nitrogen availability, an integrated analysis of the rice root transcriptome and metabolome under three environmental conditions (low-, control, and high-nitrogen conditions) was conducted. A total of 262 and 262 differentially level metabolites were identified under low- and high-nitrogen conditions, respectively. A total of 696 and 808 differentially expressed genes were identified under low- and high-nitrogen conditions, respectively. For both the differentially expressed genes and metabolites, KEGG pathway analysis indicated that amino acid metabolism, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, phenylpropanoid metabolism, and phytohormones’ signal transduction were significantly affected by nitrogen availability. Additionally, variable levels of 65 transcription factors (TFs) were identified in rice leaves exposed to high and low nitrogen, covering 22 TF families. These results also indicate that there is a significant difference in the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of rice roots between low and high nitrogen. In summary, our study provides new information for a further understanding of the response of rice roots to low-nitrogen and high-nitrogen conditions.
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Lu Y, Deng S, Li Z, Wu J, Liu Q, Liu W, Yu WJ, Zhang Y, Shi W, Zhou J, Li H, Polle A, Luo ZB. Competing Endogenous RNA Networks Underlying Anatomical and Physiological Characteristics of Poplar Wood in Acclimation to Low Nitrogen Availability. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2478-2495. [PMID: 31368491 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although poplar plantations are often established on nitrogen (N)-poor soil, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying wood properties of poplars in acclimation to low N availability remain largely unknown. To investigate wood properties of poplars in acclimation to low N, Populus � canescens saplings were exposed to either 50 (low N) or 500 (normal N) �M NH4NO3 for 2 months. Low N resulted in decreased xylem width and cell layers of the xylem (the number of cells counted along the ray parenchyma on the stem cross section), narrower lumina of vessels and fibers, greater thickness of double fiber walls (the walls between two adjacent fiber cells), more hemicellulose and lignin deposition, and reduced cellulose accumulation in poplar wood. Consistently, concentrations of gibberellins involved in cell size determination and the abundance of various metabolites including amino acids, carbohydrates and precursors for cell wall biosynthesis were decreased in low N-supplied wood. In line with these anatomical and physiological changes, a number of mRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) were significantly differentially expressed. Competing endogenous RNA regulatory networks were identified in the wood of low N-treated poplars. Overall, these results indicate that miRNAs-lncRNAs-mRNAs networks are involved in regulating wood properties and physiological processes of poplars in acclimation to low N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shurong Deng
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhuorong Li
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiangting Wu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Liu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jian Yu
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenguang Shi
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Postgraduate School, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, B�sgenweg 2, G�ttingen, Germany
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- State key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
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Mu X, Luo J. Evolutionary analyses of NIN-like proteins in plants and their roles in nitrate signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3753-3764. [PMID: 31161283 PMCID: PMC11105697 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important essential macro-elements for plant growth and development, and nitrate represents the most abundant inorganic form of N in soils. The nitrate uptake and assimilation processes are finely tuned according to the available nitrate in the surroundings as well as by the internal finely coordinated signaling pathways. The NIN-like proteins (NLPs) harbor both RWP-RK, and Phox and Bem1 (PB1) domains, and they belong to the well-characterized plant-specific RWP-RK transcription factor gene family. NLPs are known to be involved in the nitrate signaling pathway by activating downstream target genes, and thus they are implicated in the primary nitrate response in the nucleus via their RWP-RK domains. The PB1 domain is a ubiquitous protein-protein interaction domain and it comprises another regulatory layer for NLPs via the protein interactions within NLPs or with other essential components. Recently, Ca2+-Ca2+ sensor protein kinase-NLP signaling cascades have been identified and they allow NLPs to have central roles in mediating the nitrate signaling pathway. NLPs play essential roles in many aspects of plant growth and development via the finely tuned nitrate signaling pathway. Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted the emerging roles played by NLPs in the N starvation response, nodule formation in legumes, N and P interactions, and root cap release in higher plants. In this review, we consider recent advances in the identification, evolution, molecular characteristics, and functions of the NLP gene family in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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