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Zlobin IE. Tree post-drought recovery: scenarios, regulatory mechanisms and ways to improve. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1595-1612. [PMID: 38581143 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Efficient post-drought recovery of growth and assimilation enables a plant to return to its undisturbed state and functioning. Unlike annual plants, trees suffer not only from the current drought, but also from cumulative impacts of consecutive water stresses which cause adverse legacy effects on survival and performance. This review provides an integrated assessment of ecological, physiological and molecular evidence on the recovery of growth and photosynthesis in trees, with a view to informing the breeding of trees with a better ability to recover from water stress. Suppression of recovery processes can result not only from stress damage but also from a controlled downshift of recovery as part of tree acclimation to water-limited conditions. In the latter case, recovery processes could potentially be activated by turning off the controlling mechanisms, but several obstacles make this unlikely. Tree phenology, and specifically photoperiodic constraints, can limit post-drought recovery of growth and photosynthesis, and targeting these constraints may represent a promising way to breed trees with an enhanced ability to recover post-drought. The mechanisms of photoperiod-dependent regulation of shoot, secondary and root growth and of assimilation processes are reviewed. Finally, the limitations and trade-offs of altering the photoperiodic regulation of growth and assimilation processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E Zlobin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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2
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Robert E, Lenz P, Bergeron Y, de Lafontaine G, Bouriaud O, Isabel N, Girardin MP. Future carbon sequestration potential in a widespread transcontinental boreal tree species: Standing genetic variation matters! GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17347. [PMID: 38822663 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Climate change (CC) necessitates reforestation/afforestation programs to mitigate its impacts and maximize carbon sequestration. But comprehending how tree growth, a proxy for fitness and resilience, responds to CC is critical to maximize these programs' effectiveness. Variability in tree response to CC across populations can notably be influenced by the standing genetic variation encompassing both neutral and adaptive genetic diversity. Here, a framework is proposed to assess tree growth potential at the population scale while accounting for standing genetic variation. We applied this framework to black spruce (BS, Picea mariana [Mill] B.S.P.), with the objectives to (1) determine the key climate variables having impacted BS growth response from 1974 to 2019, (2) examine the relative roles of local adaptation and the phylogeographic structure in this response, and (3) project BS growth under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways while taking standing genetic variation into account. We modeled growth using a machine learning algorithm trained with dendroecological and genetic data obtained from over 2600 trees (62 populations divided in three genetic clusters) in four 48-year-old common gardens, and simulated growth until year 2100 at the common garden locations. Our study revealed that high summer and autumn temperatures negatively impacted BS growth. As a consequence of warming, this species is projected to experience a decline in growth by the end of the century, suggesting maladaptation to anticipated CC and a potential threat to its carbon sequestration capacity. This being said, we observed a clear difference in response to CC within and among genetic clusters, with the western cluster being more impacted than the central and eastern clusters. Our results show that intraspecific genetic variation, notably associated with the phylogeographic structure, must be considered when estimating the response of widespread species to CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Robert
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Lenz
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Bergeron
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut de Recherche Sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume de Lafontaine
- Canada Research Chair in Integrative Biology of the Northern Flora, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Bouriaud
- Ștefan Cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- IGN, ENSG, Laboratoire d'Inventaire Forestier - LIF, Nancy, France
| | - Nathalie Isabel
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin P Girardin
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institut de Recherche Sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec, Canada
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3
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Chang CY, Unda F, Mansfield SD, Ensminger I. Rapid response of nonstructural carbohydrate allocation and photosynthesis to short photoperiod, low temperature, or elevated CO 2 in Pinus strobus. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14095. [PMID: 38148184 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
During autumn, decreasing photoperiod and temperature temporarily perturb the balance between carbon uptake and carbon demand in overwintering plants, requiring coordinated adjustments in photosynthesis and carbon allocation to re-establish homeostasis. Here we examined adjustments of photosynthesis and allocation of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) following a sudden shift to short photoperiod, low temperature, and/or elevated CO2 in Pinus strobus seedlings. Seedlings were initially acclimated to 14 h photoperiod (22/15°C day/night) and ambient CO2 (400 ppm) or elevated CO2 (800 ppm). Seedlings were then shifted to 8 h photoperiod for one of three treatments: no temperature change at ambient CO2 (22/15°C, 400 ppm), low temperature at ambient CO2 (12/5°C, 400 ppm), or no temperature change at elevated CO2 (22/15°C, 800 ppm). Short photoperiod caused all seedlings to exhibit partial nighttime depletion of starch. Short photoperiod alone did not affect photosynthesis. Short photoperiod combined with low temperature caused hexose accumulation and repression of photosynthesis within 24 h, followed by a transient increase in nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Under long photoperiod, plants grown under elevated CO2 exhibited significantly higher NSCs and photosynthesis compared to ambient CO2 plants, but carbon uptake exceeded sink capacity, leading to elevated NPQ; carbon sink capacity was restored and NPQ relaxed within 24 h after shift to short photoperiod. Our findings indicate that P. strobus rapidly adjusts NSC allocation, not photosynthesis, to accommodate short photoperiod. However, the combination of short photoperiod and low temperature, or long photoperiod and elevated CO2 disrupts the balance between photosynthesis and carbon sink capacity, resulting in increased NPQ to alleviate excess energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Y Chang
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Graduate Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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4
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Yang K, Huang Y, Yang J, Yu L, Hu Z, Sun W, Zhang Q. The determiner of photosynthetic acclimation induced by biochemical limitation under elevated CO 2 in japonica rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153889. [PMID: 36493669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic acclimation to prolonged elevated CO2 could be attributed to the two limited biochemical capacity, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) carboxylation and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration, however, which one is the primary driver is unclear. To quantify photosynthetic acclimation induced by biochemical limitation, we investigated photosynthetic characteristics and leaf nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic apparatus (Rubisco, bioenergetics, and light-harvesting complex) in a japonica rice grown in open-top chambers at ambient CO2 and ambient CO2+200 μmol mol-1 (e [CO2]). Results showed that photosynthesis was stimulated under e [CO2], but concomitantly, photosynthetic acclimation obviously occurred across the whole growth stages. The content of leaf nitrogen allocation to Rubisco and biogenetics was reduced by e [CO2], while not in light-harvesting complex. Unlike the content, there was little effects of CO2 enrichment on the percentage of nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic components. Additionally, leaf nitrogen did not reallocate within photosynthetic apparatus until the imbalance of sink-source under e [CO2]. The contribution of biochemical limitations, including Rubisco carboxylation and RuBP regeneration, to photosynthetic acclimation averaged 36.2% and 63.8% over the growing seasons, respectively. This study suggests that acclimation of photosynthesis is mainly driven by RuBP regeneration limitation and highlights the importance of RuBP regeneration relative to Rubisco carboxylation in the future CO2 enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghua Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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5
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Wang P, Fu C, Wang L, Yan T. Delayed autumnal leaf senescence following nutrient fertilization results in altered nitrogen resorption. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1549-1559. [PMID: 35274706 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition could create an imbalance between N and phosphorus (P), which may substantially impact ecosystem functioning. Changes in autumnal phenology (i.e., leaf senescence) and associated leaf nutrient resorption may profoundly impact plant fitness and productivity. However, we know little about how and to what extent nutrient addition affects leaf senescence in tree species, or how changes in senescence may influence resorption. We thus investigated the impacts of N and P addition on leaf senescence and leaf N resorption in 2-year-old larch (Larix principisrupprechtii) seedlings in northern China. Results showed that nutrient addition (i.e., N, P or N + P addition) significantly delayed autumnal leaf senescence, and decreased leaf N resorption efficiency (NRE) and proficiency (NRP), particularly in the N and N + P treatments. Improved leaf N concentrations were correlated with delayed leaf senescence, as indicated by the positive relationship between mature leaf N concentrations and the timing of leaf senescence. Following nutrient addition, larch seedlings shifted toward delayed onset, but more rapid, leaf senescence. Additionally, we observed an initial negative correlation between the timing of leaf senescence and NRE and NRP, followed by a positive correlation, indicating delayed and less efficient remobilization during the early stages of senescence, followed by accelerated resorption in the later stages. However, the latter effect was potentially impaired by the increased risk of early autumn frost damage, thus failed to fully compensate for the negative effects observed during the early stages of senescence. Improved soil P availability increased leaf N resorption and thus weakened the negative impact of delayed leaf senescence on leaf N resorption, so P addition had no significant impact on leaf N resorption. Overall, our findings clarify the relationship between nutrient addition-resorption and the linkage with leaf senescence, and would have important implications for plant nutrient conservation strategy and nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, No. 768 Jiayuguan West Road Chenggguan District, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, No. 768 Jiayuguan West Road Chenggguan District, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, No. 768 Jiayuguan West Road Chenggguan District, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, No. 768 Jiayuguan West Road Chenggguan District, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Pikkarainen L, Nissinen K, Ghimire RP, Kivimäenpää M, Ikonen VP, Kilpeläinen A, Virjamo V, Yu H, Kirsikka-Aho S, Salminen T, Hirvonen J, Vahimaa T, Luoranen J, Peltola H. Responses in growth and emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds in Scots pine, Norway spruce and silver birch seedlings to different warming treatments in a controlled field experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153277. [PMID: 35074390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the responses in growth and emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to a simulated climate warming of +2 °C (T2) and +4 °C (T4), compared to the ambient conditions, during two growing seasons (2019-2020) in a controlled field experiment in central Finland. In all seedlings, height was measured weekly. Diameter was measured continuously for one seedling from each tree species per plot. For shoot and root biomass measurements, half of the seedlings were harvested at end of the first growing season and the rest at the end of the second growing season. Foliage BVOC emission rates were measured at the end of the second growing season. Biomass, height, and diameter growth of silver birch did benefit the most from warming in both growing seasons. In the Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings, height and diameter growth increased with increasing temperature in the second growing season, more so in Scots pine. Overall, the shoot and root biomass of conifer seedlings increased with increasing temperature. In the conifer seedlings, warming increased biomass and diameter growth more than height growth, due to their predetermined height growth pattern. The warming increased BVOC emissions more clearly in silver birch, whilst the BVOC emissions were in conifers less sensitive to temperature variation. Based on our findings, silver birch seedlings could be expected to benefit the most from warmer growing conditions and Norway spruce the least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pikkarainen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Katri Nissinen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Rajendra Prasad Ghimire
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Kivimäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Pekka Ikonen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Antti Kilpeläinen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Virpi Virjamo
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Kirsikka-Aho
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - Jukka Hirvonen
- Environmental Measurement and Testing Laboratory, Finnish Environment Institute, 80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Timo Vahimaa
- UEF IT Services, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jaana Luoranen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, 77600 Suonenjoki, Finland
| | - Heli Peltola
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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7
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Vergara A, Haas JC, Aro T, Stachula P, Street NR, Hurry V. Norway spruce deploys tissue-specific responses during acclimation to cold. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:427-445. [PMID: 34873720 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change in the conifer-dominated boreal forest is expected to lead to warmer but more dynamic winter air temperatures, reducing the depth and duration of snow cover and lowering winter soil temperatures. To gain insight into the mechanisms that have enabled conifers to dominate extreme cold environments, we performed genome-wide RNA-Seq analysis from needles and roots of non-dormant two-year Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst), and contrasted these response to herbaceous model Arabidopsis We show that the main transcriptional response of Norway spruce needles exposed to cold was delayed relative to Arabidopsis, and this delay was associated with slower development of freezing tolerance. Despite this difference in timing, Norway spruce principally utilizes early response transcription factors (TFs) belonging to the same gene families as Arabidopsis, indicating broad evolutionary conservation of cold response networks. In keeping with their different metabolic and developmental states, needles and root of Norway spruce showed contrasting results. Regulatory network analysis identified both conserved TFs with known roles in cold acclimation (e.g. homologs of ICE1, AKS3, and of the NAC and AP2/ERF superfamilies), but also a root-specific bHLH101 homolog, providing functional insights into cold stress response strategies in Norway spruce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vergara
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Julia C Haas
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tuuli Aro
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paulina Stachula
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nathaniel R Street
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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Stangl ZR, Tarvainen L, Wallin G, Marshall JD. Limits to photosynthesis: seasonal shifts in supply and demand for CO 2 in Scots pine. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1108-1120. [PMID: 34775610 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Boreal forests undergo a strong seasonal photosynthetic cycle; however, the underlying processes remain incompletely characterized. Here, we present a novel analysis of the seasonal diffusional and biochemical limits to photosynthesis (Anet ) relative to temperature and light limitations in high-latitude mature Pinus sylvestris, including a high-resolution analysis of the seasonality of mesophyll conductance (gm ) and its effect on the estimation of carboxylation capacity ( VCmax ). We used a custom-built gas-exchange system coupled to a carbon isotope analyser to obtain continuous measurements for the estimation of the relevant shoot gas-exchange parameters and quantified the biochemical and diffusional controls alongside the environmental controls over Anet . The seasonality of Anet was strongly dependent on VCmax and the diffusional limitations. Stomatal limitation was low in spring and autumn but increased to 31% in June. By contrast, mesophyll limitation was nearly constant (19%). We found that VCmax limited Anet in the spring, whereas daily temperatures and the gradual reduction of light availability limited Anet in the autumn, despite relatively high VCmax . We describe for the first time the role of mesophyll conductance in connection with seasonal trends in net photosynthesis of P. sylvestris, revealing a strong coordination between gm and Anet , but not between gm and stomatal conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia R Stangl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 19, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 19, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John D Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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9
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Hüner NPA, Smith DR, Cvetkovska M, Zhang X, Ivanov AG, Szyszka-Mroz B, Kalra I, Morgan-Kiss R. Photosynthetic adaptation to polar life: Energy balance, photoprotection and genetic redundancy. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153557. [PMID: 34922115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The persistent low temperature that characterize polar habitats combined with the requirement for light for all photoautotrophs creates a conundrum. The absorption of too much light at low temperature can cause an energy imbalance that decreases photosynthetic performance that has a negative impact on growth and can affect long-term survival. The goal of this review is to survey the mechanism(s) by which polar photoautotrophs maintain cellular energy balance, that is, photostasis to overcome the potential for cellular energy imbalance in their low temperature environments. Photopsychrophiles are photosynthetic organisms that are obligately adapted to low temperature (0⁰- 15 °C) but usually die at higher temperatures (≥20 °C). In contrast, photopsychrotolerant species can usually tolerate and survive a broad range of temperatures (5⁰- 40 °C). First, we summarize the basic concepts of excess excitation energy, energy balance, photoprotection and photostasis and their importance to survival in polar habitats. Second, we compare the photoprotective mechanisms that underlie photostasis and survival in aquatic cyanobacteria and green algae as well as terrestrial Antarctic and Arctic plants. We show that polar photopsychrophilic and photopsychrotolerant organisms attain energy balance at low temperature either through a regulated reduction in the efficiency of light absorption or through enhanced capacity to consume photosynthetic electrons by the induction of O2 as an alternative electron acceptor. Finally, we compare the published genomes of three photopsychrophilic and one photopsychrotolerant alga with five mesophilic green algae including the model green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We relate our genomic analyses to photoprotective mechanisms that contribute to the potential attainment of photostasis. Finally, we discuss how the observed genomic redundancy in photopsychrophilic genomes may confer energy balance, photoprotection and resilience to their harsh polar environment. Primary production in aquatic, Antarctic and Arctic environments is dependent on diverse algal and cyanobacterial communities. Although mosses and lichens dominate the Antarctic terrestrial landscape, only two extant angiosperms exist in the Antarctic. The identification of a single 'molecular key' to unravel adaptation of photopsychrophily and photopsychrotolerance remains elusive. Since these photoautotrophs represent excellent biomarkers to assess the impact of global warming on polar ecosystems, increased study of these polar photoautotrophs remains essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman P A Hüner
- Dept. of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - David R Smith
- Dept. of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | | | - Xi Zhang
- Dept. of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Dept. of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada; Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Beth Szyszka-Mroz
- Dept. of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Isha Kalra
- Dept. of Microbiology, Miami University of Ohio, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
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10
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Chang CYY, Bräutigam K, Hüner NPA, Ensminger I. Champions of winter survival: cold acclimation and molecular regulation of cold hardiness in evergreen conifers. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:675-691. [PMID: 32869329 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Evergreen conifers are champions of winter survival, based on their remarkable ability to acclimate to cold and develop cold hardiness. Counterintuitively, autumn cold acclimation is triggered not only by exposure to low temperature, but also by a combination of decreasing temperature, decreasing photoperiod and changes in light quality. These environmental cues control a network of signaling pathways that coordinate cold acclimation and cold hardiness in overwintering conifers, leading to cessation of growth, bud dormancy, freezing tolerance and changes in energy metabolism. Advances in genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic tools for conifers have improved our understanding of how trees sense and respond to changes in temperature and light during cold acclimation and the development of cold hardiness, but there remain considerable gaps deserving further research in conifers. In the first section of this review, we focus on the physiological mechanisms used by evergreen conifers to adjust metabolism seasonally and to protect overwintering tissues against winter stresses. In the second section, we review how perception of low temperature and photoperiod regulate the induction of cold acclimation. Finally, we explore the evolutionary context of cold acclimation in conifers and evaluate challenges imposed on them by changing climate and discuss emerging areas of research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yao-Yun Chang
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Katharina Bräutigam
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, L5L1C6, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, Western University, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, L5L1C6, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
- Graduate Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
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11
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Variability among Sites and Climate Models Contribute to Uncertain Spruce Growth Projections in Denmark. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Projecting trees species growth into future climate is subject to large uncertainties and it is of importance to quantify the different sources (e.g., site, climate model) to prioritize research efforts. This study quantifies and compares sites and climate model-induced uncertainties in projected Norway spruce growth from Denmark. We analyzed tree-rings from 340 Norway spruce trees sampled in 14 planted stands (1. Plantation; period 1950–1987) and additionally 36 trees from six trials in a common garden experiment (2. Common garden; period 1972–2012). Growth-climate correlations were estimated and multiple linear and nonlinear regression models relating growth with climate were tested. Tree growth was projected up to 2100 applying multiple linear or quadratic regression models based on the 15 Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The climate-growth models showed that summer drought and warm previous-year late-summer and early-autumn constrain growth. In some stands, warm springs affected growth positively. The projections of growth under future climates on average showed from no to slightly negative changes in growth compared to present growth rates. However, projections showed a very large variation, ranging from highly positive to highly negative growth changes. The uncertainties due to variation in site responses and in climate models were substantial. A lesser degree of uncertainty was related to the emission scenarios. Even though our projections on average suggest that Norway spruce may experience a growth reduction in the future, the tremendous variation in growth predictions due to differences between stands and climate models calls for further research and caution when projections are interpreted. These results also suggest that forest managers in general should avoid the use of Norway spruce on exposed and drought prone sites and as an additional resilience measure primarily use it in mixtures with other more climate tolerant species.
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12
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Fréchette E, Chang CYY, Ensminger I. Variation in the phenology of photosynthesis among eastern white pine provenances in response to warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5217-5234. [PMID: 32396692 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In higher-latitude trees, temperature and photoperiod control the beginning and end of the photosynthetically active season. Elevated temperature (ET) has advanced spring warming and delayed autumn cooling while photoperiod remains unchanged. We assessed the effects of warming on the length of the photosynthetically active season of three provenances of Pinus strobus L. seedlings from different latitudes, and evaluated the accuracy of the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and the chlorophyll/carotenoid index (CCI) for tracking the predicted variation in spring and autumn phenology of photosynthesis among provenances. Seedlings from northern, local and southern P. strobus provenances were planted in a temperature-free-air-controlled enhancement (T-FACE) experiment and exposed to ET (+1.5/3°C; day/night). Over 18 months, we assessed photosynthetic phenology by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange, leaf spectral reflectance and pigment content. During autumn, all seedlings regardless of provenance followed the same sequence of phenological events with the initial downregulation of photosynthesis, followed by the modulation of non-photochemical quenching and associated adjustments of zeaxanthin pool sizes. However, the timing of autumn downregulation differed between provenances, with delayed onset in the southern provenance (SP) and earlier onset in the northern relative to the local provenance, indicating that photoperiod at the provenance origin is a dominant factor controlling autumn phenology. Experimental warming further delayed the downregulation of photosynthesis during autumn in the SP. A provenance effect during spring was also observed but was generally not significant. The vegetation indices PRI and CCI were both effective at tracking the seasonal variations of energy partitioning in needles and the differences of carotenoid pigments indicative of the stress status of needles. These results demonstrate that PRI and CCI can be useful tools for monitoring conifer phenology and for the remote monitoring of the length of the photosynthetically active season of conifers in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Fréchette
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Yao-Yun Chang
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Jensen AM, Warren JM, King AW, Ricciuto DM, Hanson PJ, Wullschleger SD. Simulated projections of boreal forest peatland ecosystem productivity are sensitive to observed seasonality in leaf physiology†. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:556-572. [PMID: 30668859 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We quantified seasonal CO2 assimilation capacities for seven dominant vascular species in a wet boreal forest peatland then applied data to a land surface model parametrized to the site (ELM-SPRUCE) to test if seasonality in photosynthetic parameters results in differences in simulated plant responses to elevated CO2 and temperature. We collected seasonal leaf-level gas exchange, nutrient content and stand allometric data from the field-layer community (i.e., Maianthemum trifolium (L.) Sloboda), understory shrubs (Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron and Judd, Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench., Kalmia polifolia Wangenh. and Vaccinium angustifolium Alton.) and overstory trees (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. and Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch). We found significant interspecific seasonal differences in specific leaf area, nitrogen content (by area; Na) and photosynthetic parameters (i.e., maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax25°C), electron transport (Jmax25°C) and dark respiration (Rd25°C)), but minimal correlation between foliar Na and Vcmax25°C, Jmax25°C or Rd25°C, which illustrates that nitrogen alone is not a good correlate for physiological processes such as Rubisco activity that can change seasonally in this system. ELM-SPRUCE was sensitive to the introduction of observed interspecific seasonality in Vcmax25°C, Jmax25°C and Rd25°C, leading to simulated enhancement of net primary production (NPP) using seasonally dynamic parameters as compared with use of static parameters. This pattern was particularly pronounced under simulations with higher temperature and elevated CO2, suggesting a key hypothesis to address with future empirical or observational studies as climate changes. Inclusion of species-specific seasonal photosynthetic parameters should improve estimates of boreal ecosystem-level NPP, especially if impacts of seasonal physiological ontogeny can be separated from seasonal thermal acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Jensen
- Climate Change Science Institute & Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Warren
- Climate Change Science Institute & Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Anthony W King
- Climate Change Science Institute & Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Daniel M Ricciuto
- Climate Change Science Institute & Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Climate Change Science Institute & Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Stan D Wullschleger
- Climate Change Science Institute & Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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14
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Stinziano JR, Bauerle WL, Way DA. Modelled net carbon gain responses to climate change in boreal trees: Impacts of photosynthetic parameter selection and acclimation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1445-1465. [PMID: 30451349 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Boreal forests are crucial in regulating global vegetation-atmosphere feedbacks, but the impact of climate change on boreal tree carbon fluxes is still unclear. Given the sensitivity of global vegetation models to photosynthetic and respiration parameters, we determined how predictions of net carbon gain (C-gain) respond to variation in these parameters using a stand-level model (MAESTRA). We also modelled how thermal acclimation of photosynthetic and respiratory temperature sensitivity alters predicted net C-gain responses to climate change. We modelled net C-gain of seven common boreal tree species under eight climate scenarios across a latitudinal gradient to capture a range of seasonal temperature conditions. Physiological parameter values were taken from the literature together with different approaches for thermally acclimating photosynthesis and respiration. At high latitudes, net C-gain was stimulated up to 400% by elevated temperatures and CO2 in the autumn but suppressed at the lowest latitudes during midsummer under climate scenarios that included warming. Modelled net C-gain was more sensitive to photosynthetic capacity parameters (Vcmax , Jmax , Arrhenius temperature response parameters, and the ratio of Jmax to Vcmax ) than stomatal conductance or respiration parameters. The effect of photosynthetic thermal acclimation depended on the temperatures where it was applied: acclimation reduced net C-gain by 10%-15% within the temperature range where the equations were derived but decreased net C-gain by 175% at temperatures outside this range. Thermal acclimation of respiration had small, but positive, impacts on net C-gain. We show that model simulations are highly sensitive to variation in photosynthetic parameters and highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms and drivers underlying this variability (e.g., whether variability is environmentally and/or biologically driven) for further model improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - William L Bauerle
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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15
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Wentz KF, Neff JC, Suding KN. Leaf temperatures mediate alpine plant communities' response to a simulated extended summer. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1227-1243. [PMID: 30805155 PMCID: PMC6374730 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We use a quantitative model of photosynthesis to explore leaf-level limitations to plant growth in an alpine tundra ecosystem that is expected to have longer, warmer, and drier growing seasons. The model is parameterized with abiotic and leaf trait data that is characteristic of two dominant plant communities in the alpine tundra and specifically at the Niwot Ridge Long Term Ecological Research Site: the dry and wet meadows. Model results produce realistic estimates of photosynthesis, nitrogen-use efficiency, water-use efficiency, and other gas exchange processes in the alpine tundra. Model simulations suggest that dry and wet meadow plant species do not significantly respond to changes in the volumetric soil moisture content but are sensitive to variation in foliar nitrogen content. In addition, model simulations indicate that dry and wet meadow species have different maximum rates of assimilation (normalized for leaf nitrogen content) because of differences in leaf temperature. These differences arise from the interaction of plant height and the abiotic environment characteristic of each plant community. The leaf temperature of dry meadow species is higher than wet meadow species and close to the optimal temperature for photosynthesis under current conditions. As a result, 2°C higher air temperatures in the future will likely lead to declines in dry meadow species' carbon assimilation. On the other hand, a longer and warmer growing season could increase nitrogen availability and assimilation rates in both plant communities. Nonetheless, a temperature increase of 4°C may lower rates of assimilation in both dry and wet meadow plant communities because of higher, and suboptimal, leaf temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason C. Neff
- Environmental Studies DepartmentUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColorado
| | - Katharine N. Suding
- Institute of Arctic & Alpine Research, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColorado
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16
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Ecosystem warming extends vegetation activity but heightens vulnerability to cold temperatures. Nature 2018; 560:368-371. [PMID: 30089905 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Shifts in vegetation phenology are a key example of the biological effects of climate change1-3. However, there is substantial uncertainty about whether these temperature-driven trends will continue, or whether other factors-for example, photoperiod-will become more important as warming exceeds the bounds of historical variability4,5. Here we use phenological transition dates derived from digital repeat photography6 to show that experimental whole-ecosystem warming treatments7 of up to +9 °C linearly correlate with a delayed autumn green-down and advanced spring green-up of the dominant woody species in a boreal Picea-Sphagnum bog. Results were confirmed by direct observation of both vegetative and reproductive phenology of these and other bog plant species, and by multiple years of observations. There was little evidence that the observed responses were constrained by photoperiod. Our results indicate a likely extension of the period of vegetation activity by 1-2 weeks under a 'CO2 stabilization' climate scenario (+2.6 ± 0.7 °C), and 3-6 weeks under a 'high-CO2 emission' scenario (+5.9 ± 1.1 °C), by the end of the twenty-first century. We also observed severe tissue mortality in the warmest enclosures after a severe spring frost event. Failure to cue to photoperiod resulted in precocious green-up and a premature loss of frost hardiness8, which suggests that vulnerability to spring frost damage will increase in a warmer world9,10. Vegetation strategies that have evolved to balance tradeoffs associated with phenological temperature tracking may be optimal under historical climates, but these strategies may not be optimized for future climate regimes. These in situ experimental results are of particular importance because boreal forests have both a circumpolar distribution and a key role in the global carbon cycle11.
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17
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Stinziano JR, Way DA, Bauerle WL. Improving models of photosynthetic thermal acclimation: Which parameters are most important and how many should be modified? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1580-1598. [PMID: 28991405 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic temperature acclimation could strongly affect coupled vegetation-atmosphere feedbacks in the global carbon cycle, especially as the climate warms. Thermal acclimation of photosynthesis can be modelled as changes in the parameters describing the direct effect of temperature on photosynthetic capacity (i.e., activation energy, Ea ; deactivation energy, Hd ; entropy parameter, ΔS) or the basal value of photosynthetic capacity (i.e., photosynthetic capacity measured at 25°C). However, the impact of acclimating these parameters (individually or in combination) on vegetative carbon gain is relatively unexplored. Here we compare the ability of 66 photosynthetic temperature acclimation scenarios to improve the ability of a spatially explicit canopy carbon flux model, MAESTRA, to predict eddy covariance data from a loblolly pine forest. We show that: (1) incorporating seasonal temperature acclimation of basal photosynthetic capacity improves the model's ability to capture seasonal changes in carbon fluxes and outperforms acclimation of other single factors (i.e., Ea or ΔS alone); (2) multifactor scenarios of photosynthetic temperature acclimation provide minimal (if any) improvement in model performance over single factor acclimation scenarios; (3) acclimation of Ea should be restricted to the temperature ranges of the data from which the equations are derived; and (4) model performance is strongly affected by the Hd parameter. We suggest that a renewed effort be made into understanding whether basal photosynthetic capacity, Ea , Hd and ΔS co-acclimate across broad temperature ranges to determine whether and how multifactor thermal acclimation of photosynthesis occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William L Bauerle
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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18
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Stinziano JR, Way DA. Autumn photosynthetic decline and growth cessation in seedlings of white spruce are decoupled under warming and photoperiod manipulations. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1296-1316. [PMID: 28102913 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is expected to increase the seasonal duration of photosynthetic carbon fixation and tree growth in high-latitude forests. However, photoperiod, a crucial cue for seasonality, will remain constant, which may constrain tree responses to warming. We investigated the effects of temperature and photoperiod on weekly changes in photosynthetic capacity, leaf biochemistry and growth in seedlings of a boreal evergreen conifer, white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss]. Warming delayed autumn declines in photosynthetic capacity, extending the period when seedlings had high carbon uptake. While photoperiod was correlated with photosynthetic capacity, short photoperiods did not constrain the maintenance of high photosynthetic capacity under warming. Rubisco concentration dynamics were affected by temperature but not photoperiod, while leaf pigment concentrations were unaffected by treatments. Respiration rates at 25 °C were stimulated by photoperiod, although respiration at the growth temperatures was increased in warming treatments. Seedling growth was stimulated by increased photoperiod and suppressed by warming. We demonstrate that temperature is a stronger control on the seasonal timing of photosynthetic down-regulation than is photoperiod. Thus, while warming can stimulate carbon uptake in boreal conifers, the extra carbon may be directed towards respiration rather than biomass, potentially limiting carbon sequestration under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B6
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B6
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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19
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Way DA, Stinziano JR, Berghoff H, Oren R. How well do growing season dynamics of photosynthetic capacity correlate with leaf biochemistry and climate fluctuations? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:879-888. [PMID: 28898994 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Accurate values of photosynthetic capacity are needed in Earth System Models to predict gross primary productivity. Seasonal changes in photosynthetic capacity in these models are primarily driven by temperature, but recent work has suggested that photoperiod may be a better predictor of seasonal photosynthetic capacity. Using field-grown kudzu (Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi), a nitrogen-fixing vine species, we took weekly measurements of photosynthetic capacity, leaf nitrogen, and pigment and photosynthetic protein concentrations and correlated these with temperature, irradiance and photoperiod over the growing season. Photosynthetic capacity was more strongly correlated with photoperiod than with temperature or daily irradiance, while the growing season pattern in photosynthetic capacity was uncoupled from changes in leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll and Rubisco. Daily estimates of the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (Vcmax) based on either photoperiod or temperature were correlated in a non-linear manner, but Vcmax estimates from both approaches that also accounted for diurnal temperature fluctuations were similar, indicating that differences between these models depend on the relevant time step. We advocate for considering photoperiod, and not just temperature, when estimating photosynthetic capacity across the year, particularly as climate change alters temperatures but not photoperiod. We also caution that the use of leaf biochemical traits as proxies for estimating photosynthetic capacity may be unreliable when the underlying relationships between proxy leaf traits and photosynthetic capacity are established outside of a seasonal framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Henry Berghoff
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Ram Oren
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
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20
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Rogers A, Medlyn BE, Dukes JS, Bonan G, von Caemmerer S, Dietze MC, Kattge J, Leakey ADB, Mercado LM, Niinemets Ü, Prentice IC, Serbin SP, Sitch S, Way DA, Zaehle S. A roadmap for improving the representation of photosynthesis in Earth system models. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:22-42. [PMID: 27891647 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Accurate representation of photosynthesis in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) is essential for robust projections of global change. However, current representations vary markedly between TBMs, contributing uncertainty to projections of global carbon fluxes. Here we compared the representation of photosynthesis in seven TBMs by examining leaf and canopy level responses of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (A) to key environmental variables: light, temperature, CO2 concentration, vapor pressure deficit and soil water content. We identified research areas where limited process knowledge prevents inclusion of physiological phenomena in current TBMs and research areas where data are urgently needed for model parameterization or evaluation. We provide a roadmap for new science needed to improve the representation of photosynthesis in the next generation of terrestrial biosphere and Earth system models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jeffrey S Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2061, USA
| | - Gordon Bonan
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 80307-3000, USA
| | - Susanne von Caemmerer
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, The Australian National University, Linnaeus Building (Bldg 134) Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Michael C Dietze
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07701, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Lina M Mercado
- Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4SB, UK
- Center for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Plant Physiology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - I Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment and Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Stephen Sitch
- Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4SB, UK
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
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21
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Yamaguchi DP, Nakaji T, Hiura T, Hikosaka K. Effects of seasonal change and experimental warming on the temperature dependence of photosynthesis in the canopy leaves of Quercus serrata. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:1283-1295. [PMID: 27107017 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of warming on the temperature response of leaf photosynthesis have become an area of major concern in recent decades. Although growth temperature (GT) and day length (DL) affect leaf gas exchange characteristics, the way in which these factors influence the temperature dependence of photosynthesis remains uncertain. We established open-top canopy chambers at the canopy top of a deciduous forest, in which average daytime leaf temperature was increased by 1.0 °C. We conducted gas exchange measurements for the canopy leaves of deciduous trees exposed to artificial warming during different seasons. The carbon dioxide assimilation rate at 20 °C (A20) was not affected by warming, whereas that at 25 °C (A25) tended to be higher in leaves exposed to warming. Warming increased the optimal temperature of photosynthesis by increasing the activation energy for the maximum rate of carboxylation. Regression analysis indicated that both GT and DL strongly influenced gas exchange characteristics. Sensitivity analysis revealed that DL affected A without obvious effects on the temperature dependence of A, whereas GT almost maintained constant A20 and strongly influenced the temperature dependence. These results indicate that GT and DL have different influences on photosynthesis; GT and DL affect the 'slope' and intercept' of the temperature dependence of photosynthesis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke P Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578 Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Nakaji
- Tomakomai Research Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Tomakomai, 053-0035 Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsutom Hiura
- Tomakomai Research Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Tomakomai, 053-0035 Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578 Miyagi, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 102-0076 Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Li Y, Liu J, Zhou G, Huang W, Duan H. Warming effects on photosynthesis of subtropical tree species: a translocation experiment along an altitudinal gradient. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24895. [PMID: 27102064 PMCID: PMC4840356 DOI: 10.1038/srep24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing climate warming induced by human activities may have great impacts on trees, yet it remains unresolved how subtropical tree species respond to rising temperature in the field. Here, we used downward translocation to investigate the effects of climate warming on leaf photosynthesis of six common tree species in subtropical China. During the experimental period between 2012 and 2014, the mean average photosynthetic rates (Asat) under saturating light for Schima superba, Machilus breviflora, Pinus massoniana and Ardisia lindleyana in the warm site were7%, 19%, 20% and 29% higher than those in the control site. In contrast, seasonal Asat for Castanopsis hystrix in the warm site were lower compared to the control site. Changes in Asat in response to translocation were mainly associated with those in leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic capacity (RuBP carboxylation, RuBP regeneration capacity). Our results imply that climate warming could have potential impacts on species composition and community structure in subtropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guoyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wenjuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Honglang Duan
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330099, China
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23
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Rosner S, Světlík J, Andreassen K, Børja I, Dalsgaard L, Evans R, Luss S, Tveito OE, Solberg S. Novel Hydraulic Vulnerability Proxies for a Boreal Conifer Species Reveal That Opportunists May Have Lower Survival Prospects under Extreme Climatic Events. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:831. [PMID: 27375672 PMCID: PMC4899478 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Top dieback in 40-60 years old forest stands of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in southern Norway is supposed to be associated with climatic extremes. Our intention was to learn more about the processes related to top dieback and in particular about the plasticity of possible predisposing factors. We aimed at (i) developing proxies for P 50 based on anatomical data assessed by SilviScan technology and (ii) testing these proxies for their plasticity regarding climate, in order to (iii) analyze annual variations of hydraulic proxies of healthy looking trees and trees with top dieback upon their impact on tree survival. At two sites we selected 10 tree pairs, i.e., one healthy looking tree and one tree with visual signs of dieback such as dry tops, needle shortening and needle yellowing (n = 40 trees). Vulnerability to cavitation (P 50) of the main trunk was assessed in a selected sample set (n = 19) and we thereafter applied SilviScan technology to measure cell dimensions (lumen (b) and cell wall thickness (t)) in these specimen and in all 40 trees in tree rings formed between 1990 and 2010. In a first analysis step, we searched for anatomical proxies for P 50. The set of potential proxies included hydraulic lumen diameters and wall reinforcement parameters based on mean, radial, and tangential tracheid diameters. The conduit wall reinforcement based on tangential hydraulic lumen diameters ((t/b ht)(2)) was the best estimate for P 50. It was thus possible to relate climatic extremes to the potential vulnerability of single annual rings. Trees with top dieback had significantly lower (t/b ht)(2) and wider tangential (hydraulic) lumen diameters some years before a period of water deficit (2005-2006). Radial (hydraulic) lumen diameters showed however no significant differences between both tree groups. (t/b ht)(2) was influenced by annual climate variability; strongest correlations were found with precipitation in September of the previous growing season: high precipitation in previous September resulted in more vulnerable annual rings in the next season. The results are discussed with respect to an "opportunistic behavior" and genetic predisposition to drought sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Rosner
- Institute of Botany, BOKU ViennaVienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Sabine Rosner
| | - Jan Světlík
- Centre MendelGlobe – Global Climate Change and Managed Ecosystems, Mendel UniversityBrno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Robert Evans
- CSIRO Materials Science and EngineeringClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Saskia Luss
- Institute of Botany, BOKU ViennaVienna, Austria
| | | | - Svein Solberg
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅs, Norway
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